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0	3000	Standard Chinese Modular Approach
3000	6000	Resource module on pronunciation and romanization
6000	8000	Tape 5
8000	11000	This tape will take up several abbreviations in pinyin spelling
11000	14000	A new vowel and a new consonant
14000	17000	Display 1 contains three cases of abbreviation
17000	21000	Listen to the speaker read the surnames in the first row
21000	26000	I'm one one
26000	29000	Listen again and notice that they run
29000	34000	I'm one one
34000	37000	Each of these syllables clearly has the vowel sound uh
37000	40000	But the last one is spelled without an e
40000	44000	We've supplied the e in the version in brackets to reflect the pronunciation
44000	47000	Notice, by the way, that the ton mark has wound up on the u
47000	50000	The only surviving vowel letter
50000	53000	Now listen to the names in the second row
53000	54000	say
54000	56000	way
56000	57000	way
57000	59000	Listen again, they run
59000	60000	say
60000	61000	way
61000	62000	way
62000	63000	way
63000	66000	Here, you'd expect g-u-e-i
66000	69000	Since the a sound is spelled e-i
69000	71000	But in fact, there is no e
71000	74000	Notice that the ton mark has shifted to the i
74000	76000	The last vowel letter
76000	78000	Now listen to the last row
78000	80000	hole
80000	82000	yo
82000	83000	leo
83000	85000	Listen again
85000	88000	Except for the tone, they run
88000	89000	hole
89000	90000	yo
90000	92000	leo
92000	95000	Here, you'd expect l-i-o-u
95000	97000	Since the sound o is spelled o-u
97000	99000	But in fact, there's no o
99000	101000	Notice that the ton mark has shifted to the u
101000	103000	The last vowel letter
103000	106000	We've been treating these spelling simply as abbreviations
106000	108000	But in fact, they make some kind of phonetic sense
108000	111000	It happens that vowels often have a slightly different quality
111000	113000	in the first and second tones
113000	116000	And in each of these cases, the abbreviated spelling
116000	118000	is suggestive of the first and second tones
118000	119000	pronunciations
119000	122000	For example, listen to the pairs of names in the
122000	124000	play too
124000	126000	yo
126000	128000	leo
128000	130000	leo
130000	132000	Perhaps you'll agree that you hear something
132000	134000	approaching a simple u sound after the
134000	137000	semi vowel in the first and second tones names
137000	139000	so that the spelling without the o
139000	141000	might be better for both of them
141000	144000	Listen again and notice that the pairs don't quite rhyme
145000	146000	yo
146000	147000	leo
147000	148000	leo
148000	149000	leo
150000	153000	Now listen to the speaker read down the columns
153000	155000	This way, you may better hear the rhymes
156000	157000	yo
157000	158000	leo
159000	160000	yo
160000	161000	leo
162000	163000	Again
163000	164000	yo
164000	165000	leo
166000	167000	yo
167000	168000	leo
168000	171000	This way, three presents a slightly different kind of abbreviation
171000	174000	Listen to the speaker read the names
175000	176000	leo
176000	177000	leo
177000	178000	leo
178000	179000	leo
179000	181000	Listen again and notice that they rhyme
181000	183000	All three end in o
184000	185000	leo
185000	186000	leo
186000	187000	leo
187000	188000	leo
189000	192000	In this case, the semi vowel is not written after m
192000	194000	There's no u
194000	197000	The same goes after other consonants involving the lips
197000	198000	b,p and f
199000	203000	The theory seems to be that the lip involvement of m,b,p and f
203000	207000	is sufficient to suggest the lip rounding of the semi vowel without writing u
208000	210000	Now try reading the names in exercise 1
210000	212000	and repeat after the speaker
213000	214000	one
215000	216000	one
218000	219000	two
220000	221000	one
223000	224000	three
224000	226000	four
226000	227000	way
229000	230000	four
231000	232000	way
233000	234000	five
236000	237000	yo
239000	240000	six
242000	243000	leo
245000	246000	seven
248000	249000	more
249000	252000	eight
253000	254000	more
256000	257000	nine
259000	260000	lun
262000	263000	ten
264000	265000	niu
267000	268000	eleven
270000	271000	rei
272000	273000	twelve
275000	276000	bo
276000	278000	thirteen
280000	281000	tsui
283000	284000	fourteen
286000	287000	twenty
288000	289000	fifteen
290000	291000	q
294000	297000	exercise two is a dictation exercise
297000	299000	fill in the blanks repeating as you do so
301000	302000	one
302000	305000	one
306000	307000	we
308000	309000	two
310000	311000	one
314000	315000	hu
315000	316000	three
317000	318000	guay
322000	323000	u,i
323000	324000	four
326000	327000	way
329000	330000	we,i
330000	331000	vi
333000	334000	more
337000	338000	wo
339000	340000	six
341000	342000	more
345000	346000	wo
346000	347000	seven
349000	350000	leo
352000	353000	iu
353000	354000	eight
356000	357000	yo
357000	358000	wei
360000	361000	yu
361000	362000	nine
363000	364000	guay
368000	369000	u,i
369000	370000	ten
371000	372000	war
375000	376000	wo
376000	377000	eleven
378000	379000	one
381000	382000	hu
383000	384000	twelve
384000	386000	wei
388000	389000	we,i
390000	391000	thirteen
392000	393000	more
395000	396000	yu,o
396000	397000	fourteen
399000	400000	one
402000	403000	we
403000	404000	fifteen
405000	406000	yo
409000	410000	yu
410000	411000	sixteen
411000	413000	liu
415000	416000	iu
418000	421000	display four introduces a new vowel
421000	424000	it's written as a letter u with two dots over it
424000	427000	for lack of a better term let's use the german term umlaut
427000	431000	for the accent mark and call the combination u umlaut
431000	433000	listen to the speaker read the three names
434000	435000	li
437000	438000	lu
438000	439000	lu
440000	441000	lu
442000	443000	again
444000	445000	li
445000	446000	lu
446000	447000	u
447000	448000	liu
473000	474000	yi
474000	476000	yu
477000	478000	yi
478000	479000	yu
480000	481000	yi
481000	482000	yu
488000	489000	yi
490000	491000	yu
492000	493000	yi
493000	494000	yu
496000	497000	yi
497000	507000	yi
508000	510000	u,i
511000	513000	u,i
514000	515000	u,i
521000	523000	u,i
523000	526000	u,i
527000	529000	u,i
540000	541000	li
542000	543000	lu
544000	545000	lu
547000	548000	again
549000	550000	li
550000	552000	lu
554000	555000	li
572000	573000	li
576000	577000	yu umlaut
577000	578000	tu
579000	580000	li
582000	583000	i
583000	584000	ri
585000	586000	lu
588000	589000	yu
589000	590000	for
590000	591000	lu
594000	595000	yu umlaut
595000	596000	fif
597000	598000	lu
600000	602000	yu umlaut
602000	603000	sixte
603000	606000	li
607000	608000	i
608000	609000	seven
610000	611000	li
613000	614000	i
614000	615000	eight
616000	617000	lu
619000	620000	u
620000	621000	nine
621000	622000	lu
624000	626000	yu umlaut
626000	627000	ten
627000	628000	lu
628000	630000	lu
631000	632000	yu
633000	637000	in exercise four try reading the names and repeat
638000	639000	one
641000	642000	li
643000	644000	two
646000	647000	lu
649000	650000	three
651000	652000	li
654000	655000	four
655000	657000	lu
658000	659000	five
660000	661000	lu
663000	664000	six
666000	667000	li
669000	670000	seven
671000	672000	lu
674000	675000	eight
676000	677000	lu
679000	680000	nine
680000	683000	li
686000	687000	ten
687000	689000	u
711000	712000	u
714000	715000	u
715000	716000	u
717000	718000	u
720000	721000	u
723000	724000	u
725000	726000	u
727000	728000	u
729000	730000	u
733000	734000	u
736000	737000	u
738000	739000	u
741000	742000	u
742000	743000	u
745000	746000	u
747000	748000	u
749000	750000	u
751000	752000	u
768000	769000	u
769000	770000	u
771000	772000	u
774000	775000	u
777000	778000	u
780000	781000	u
782000	783000	u
784000	785000	u
787000	788000	u
790000	791000	u
792000	793000	u
794000	795000	u
795000	798000	u
799000	800000	u
801000	802000	u
804000	805000	u
806000	807000	u
808000	809000	u
810000	811000	u
812000	813000	u
815000	816000	u
817000	818000	u
818000	823000	U
827000	831000	U
833000	834000	U
836000	837000	U
839000	841000	U
841000	842000	U
844000	846000	U
846000	847000	U
847000	850620	Yen, Yen
850620	855820	Yen
855820	858020	For many speakers, the last pair rhymes.
858020	862460	The pronunciation would be better represented by the spelling in the parentheses,
862460	866380	with an E added for the S sound.
866380	869460	For many speakers, however, this pair doesn't rhyme.
869460	872740	The pronunciation is well represented by the actual spelling Y,
872740	875140	U-umn-lout, A-N.
875140	881140	We put the umlaut axid mark over the u's in display 5, but actual pinion spelling doesn't.
881140	889140	After a y, a u couldn't stand for anything but the u umlaut sound, and so pinion doesn't bother to add the two dots.
889140	893140	The same goes after the palatal consonants written j, q, and x.
893140	904140	Since these consonants pronounced with the tongue in the e position occur only before vowels pronounced with the tongue in the e position, namely e and e, or their semi-vol equivalents,
904140	909140	you know that a u after a j, q, or x must mean u umlaut.
909140	914140	Just to be helpful though, we'll write the umlaut for you every time in the early part of this course,
914140	920140	but just to get an idea of how the system works, try reading the names in exercise 5.
920140	927140	Pronouncing the letter u with the sound value y after y and the palatal consonants written j, q, and x,
927140	930140	and then repeating after the speaker.
930140	955140	1, shu, 2, su, 3, shu, 4, wu, 5, yu,
955140	972140	6, zhu, 7, zhu, 8, ju,
972140	987140	9, chu, 10, q, 11, mu,
987140	1002140	12, yu, 13, ju, 14,
1002140	1018140	chu, 15, shu,
1018140	1033140	15, shu,
1033140	1048140	in exercise 6 we've gone back to our helpful spelling. Try reading the names and repeat after the speaker.
1048140	1068140	2, shu, 3, shu, 4, quen, 5, shuang,
1068140	1078140	6, chun, 7,
1078140	1087140	jun, 8, yue,
1087140	1099140	9, quen, 10, lü,
1099140	1105140	11, lù,
1105140	1113140	12, yu, 13,
1113140	1118140	ju, 14,
1118140	1124140	yuan, 15,
1124140	1131140	chuan, 16,
1131140	1136140	yun.
1136140	1143140	yuan, 16,
1143140	1151140	yuan, 16,
1151140	1158140	yuan, 16,
1158140	1168140	yuan, 16,
1168140	1178140	yuan, 16,
1178140	1188140	yuan, 16,
1188140	1198140	yuan, 16,
1198140	1208140	yuan, 16,
1208140	1218140	yuan, 16,
1218140	1228140	yuan, 16,
1228140	1238140	yuan, 16,
1238140	1248140	yuan, 16,
1248140	1258140	yuan, 16,
1258140	1268140	yuan, 16,
1268140	1288140	yuan, 16,
1288140	1298140	yuan, 16,
1298140	1308140	yuan, 16,
1308140	1318140	yuan, 16,
1318140	1328140	yuan, 16,