1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,000
Standard Chinese, a modular approach.

2
00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:08,000
Resource module on pronunciation and romanization.

3
00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:10,000
Tape 6.

4
00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:14,000
So far in this series of tapes on pronunciation and romanization,

5
00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:16,000
we've been dealing with single syllables.

6
00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:19,000
All of our examples have been single syllable surnames.

7
00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:22,000
On this tape we're going to take up two syllable combinations.

8
00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:25,000
Most of our examples will be place names.

9
00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:28,000
We'll be primarily concerned with sequences of tones,

10
00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:33,000
but our examples just happen to review all the vowel and consonant sounds and spellings we've covered.

11
00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,000
You've probably already started on the orientation module.

12
00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:40,000
If you have,you've already come across syllables in what we call the neutral tone.

13
00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:44,000
That is unstressed syllables which cannot be assigned to any of the four tones.

14
00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:47,000
Examples from unit one are the second syllables of

15
00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:53,000
先生,小姐,你呢?

16
00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:56,000
in 太太.

17
00:00:56,000 --> 00:00:59,000
Display one gives you four examples of the neutral tone.

18
00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:02,000
We need four examples because what we call the neutral tone

19
00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:05,000
is actually slightly different after each of the four full tones.

20
00:01:05,000 --> 00:01:08,000
Listen to the high tone verb to fly,

21
00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:10,000
the rising tone verb to be fat,

22
00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:12,000
the low tone verb to slander,

23
00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:14,000
and the falling tone verb to waste,

24
00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:18,000
each with the neutral tone ending luh attached.

25
00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:26,000
Faila,faila,faila,faila.

26
00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:35,000
Again,faila,faila,faila,faila.

27
00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:40,000
Notice that there is no tone mark over the neutral tone syllable in the romanization.

28
00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:45,000
A toneless syllable or what we call a syllable in the neutral tone has a definite pitch,

29
00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:48,000
but this pitch doesn't belong to the syllable the way a tone does.

30
00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:51,000
Instead it's determined by the tone of the preceding syllable,

31
00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:55,000
as you can see in the tone diagrams in the display.

32
00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:58,000
Notice the different heights of the dots representing the neutral tone,

33
00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:01,000
and listen for the correspondingly different pitches of the neutral tone

34
00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:04,000
as the speaker reads the syllables.

35
00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:10,000
Faila,faila,faila,faila.

36
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:14,000
Again,faila,faila,faila.

37
00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:19,000
We won't go into it on this tape,

38
00:02:19,000 --> 00:02:23,000
but the pitch of the neutral tone is also affected by the tone of a following syllable.

39
00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:26,000
We also won't go into a freestanding neutral tone syllable

40
00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:28,000
and sequences of neutral tone syllables.

41
00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:32,000
After the high tone,the pitch of the neutral tone is almost at the bottom.

42
00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:34,000
Listen for the drop.

43
00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:40,000
Faila,faila,faila.

44
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:42,000
Try imitating it.

45
00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:51,000
Faila,faila,faila.

46
00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:55,000
After the rising tone,the pitch of the neutral tone is in the middle.

47
00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:57,000
Listen for the drop.

48
00:02:57,000 --> 00:03:03,000
Faila,faila,faila.

49
00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:05,000
Try imitating it.

50
00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:11,000
Faila,faila.

51
00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,000
Faila.

52
00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:20,000
You may have noticed that the low tone of two slanders stayed low before the neutral tone of low.

53
00:03:20,000 --> 00:03:22,000
There was no rising tail.

54
00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:27,000
As a matter of fact,the low tone only has its rising tail when nothing follows it immediately.

55
00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:29,000
We'll go further into this in a moment.

56
00:03:29,000 --> 00:03:33,000
After this tail is low tone,which is sometimes called the half third tone,

57
00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:35,000
the pitch of the neutral tone is near the top.

58
00:03:35,000 --> 00:03:37,000
Listen for the jump.

59
00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:43,000
Faila,faila,faila.

60
00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:45,000
Try imitating it.

61
00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:55,000
Faila,faila,faila.

62
00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:59,000
After the falling tone,the pitch of the neutral tone is at the bottom.

63
00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:02,000
It really takes the place of the tip of the tail of the falling tone.

64
00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:05,000
Listen for the steady fall.

65
00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:11,000
Faila,faila,faila.

66
00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:13,000
Try imitating it.

67
00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:21,000
Faila,faila,faila.

68
00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:25,000
Now try repeating each example after the speaker.

69
00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:32,000
Faila,faila.

70
00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:37,000
Faila,faila.

71
00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:39,000
Again.

72
00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:45,000
Faila,faila.

73
00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:50,000
Faila,faila.

74
00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:53,000
This time try saying each example ahead of the speaker.

75
00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:57,000
Here we go.

76
00:04:57,000 --> 00:05:04,000
Faila,faila.

77
00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:10,000
Faila,faila.

78
00:05:10,000 --> 00:05:13,000
Again.

79
00:05:13,000 --> 00:05:20,000
Faila,faila.

80
00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:26,000
Faila,faila.

81
00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:30,000
Exercise 1 has these four examples in scrambled order.

82
00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:32,000
Read and repeat.

83
00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:37,000
One,faila.

84
00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:42,000
Two,faila.

85
00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:48,000
Three,faila.

86
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:54,000
Four,faila.

87
00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:59,000
Five,faila.

88
00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:05,000
Six,faila.

89
00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:10,000
Seven,faila.

90
00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:16,000
Eight,faila.

91
00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:21,000
Nine,faila.

92
00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:26,000
Ten,faila.

93
00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:32,000
Eleven,faila.

94
00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:38,000
Twelve,faila.

95
00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:42,000
We notice that the low tone stays low before the neutral tone.

96
00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:45,000
It also stays low before the high, rising and falling tones.

97
00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:49,000
In other words,it stays low before any tone except another low tone.

98
00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:52,000
Listen to examples in display too.

99
00:06:52,000 --> 00:07:02,000
台北,北京,永平,保定.Again.

100
00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:12,000
台北,北京,永平,保定.

101
00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:17,000
The syllable 北,which means north, is in the low tone.

102
00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:24,000
In台北,the name of the largest city in Taiwan,it comes at the end and so it has its rising tail.

103
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:31,000
In Beijing,Peking,it comes before a different full tone and so it loses its rising tail.

104
00:07:31,000 --> 00:07:35,000
The same thing happens in 永平 and 保定.

105
00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:38,000
Try repeating these examples after the speaker.

106
00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:51,000
台北,北京,永平,保定.Again.

107
00:07:51,000 --> 00:08:03,000
台北,北京,永平,保定.

108
00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:08,000
When a low tone comes before another low tone,something quite different happens.

109
00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:10,000
It changes to a rising tone.

110
00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:13,000
Display 3 has the names of two lakes in Peking.

111
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:19,000
Nanhai,literally South Sea and 北海,literally North Sea.

112
00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:22,000
Notice that the tone diagrams are the same for both names.

113
00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:29,000
Before the low tone of 海,the low tone of 北 becomes a rising tone,indistinguishable from the rising tone of 南.

114
00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:31,000
Listen.

115
00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:37,000
南海,北海.Again.

116
00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:44,000
南海,北海.Try repeating.

117
00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:52,000
南海,北海.Again.

118
00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:58,000
南海,北海.

119
00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:23,000
Try repeating the examples in exercise 2 and repeat after the speaker.

120
00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:27,000
台北,北海.

121
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:32,000
北京,3.

122
00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:38,000
永平,4.

123
00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:44,000
北海,5.

124
00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:49,000
保定,6.

125
00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:54,000
北海,7.

126
00:09:54,000 --> 00:09:59,000
北京,8.

127
00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:04,000
台北,9.

128
00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:10,000
北海,10.

129
00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:15,000
保定,11.

130
00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:20,000
永平,12.

131
00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:25,000
北海.

132
00:10:25,000 --> 00:10:31,000
Now look at the 20 examples in display 4,representing all two tone sequences.

133
00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:39,000
Listen to the speaker read across the rows,paying particular attention to the neutral tone and to the irregular low tones.

134
00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:49,000
山西,昆明,香港,開花,飞了.

135
00:10:49,000 --> 00:11:00,000
延安,云南,台北,羅定,肥了.

136
00:11:00,000 --> 00:11:12,000
北京,永平,北海,廣信,肥了.

137
00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:22,000
四川,热河,上海,奉意,肥了.

138
00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:51,000
台北,北海,廣信,肥了.

139
00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:59,000
飞了,high neutral,3.

140
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:07,000
羅定,rising falling,4.

141
00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:19,000
北海,rising low,the basic low tone of bay has become a rising tone,5.

142
00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:27,000
热河,falling rising,6.

143
00:12:27,000 --> 00:12:35,000
四川,falling high,7.

144
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:50,000
永平,low rising,8.

145
00:12:50,000 --> 00:13:01,000
開花,high falling,10.

146
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:09,000
香港,high low,11.

147
00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:17,000
云南,rising rising,12.

148
00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:24,000
北京,low high,13.

149
00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:32,000
飞了,falling neutral,14.

150
00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:40,000
上海,falling low,15.

151
00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:48,000
廣信,low falling,16.

152
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:57,000
飞了,rising neutral,17.

153
00:13:57,000 --> 00:14:05,000
昆明,high rising,18.

154
00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:14,000
延安,rising high,19.

155
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:22,000
飞了,low neutral,20.

156
00:14:22,000 --> 00:14:30,000
奉意,falling falling.

157
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:47,000
Now read and repeat the examples in exercise 4,concentrating on getting the tone sequences right.

158
00:14:47,000 --> 00:15:02,000
3.云安,4.飞了,5.

159
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:21,000
四川,6.昆明,7.廣信,8.

160
00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:33,000
奉意,9.北海,10.

161
00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:51,000
飞了,11.永平,12.上海,13.

162
00:15:51,000 --> 00:16:09,000
飞了,14.云南,16.台北,16.

163
00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:30,000
挪定,17.开化,18.飞了,19.北京,20.

164
00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:43,000
任何.

165
00:16:43,000 --> 00:17:01,000
昌州,泽州,武昌,浙江,芝芙,杰石,九龙,

166
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:16,000
越南,青岛,隋原,浦儿,日本,

167
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:32,000
波翼,盟字,旅顺,万千,飞了,飞了,飞了,飞了.

168
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:50,000
exercise 5 is another tone dictation exercise. Mark the tones appropriately, repeating as you do so.

169
00:17:50,000 --> 00:18:11,000
falling rising,3.旅顺,low falling,4.武昌,low high,5.隋原,

170
00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:38,000
rising low,6.飞了,high neutral,7.之福,high rising,8.万千,falling falling,9.浙江,

171
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:51,000
falling high,10.浦儿, rising low,the basic low tone of 浦 has become a rising tone.

172
00:18:51,000 --> 00:19:18,000
11.飞了, rising neutral,12.杰石, rising rising,13.波翼,high falling,14.

173
00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:47,000
藏州,high high,15.日本,falling low,16.飞了,low neutral,17.九龙,low rising,18.

174
00:19:47,000 --> 00:20:10,000
盟字,rising falling,19.泽州,rising high,20.青岛,high low.

175
00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:17,000
now read and repeat the examples in exercise 6, concentrating on the tone sequences.

176
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:46,000
汤州,2.浙江,3.九龙,4.隋原,5.波翼,6.

177
00:20:46,000 --> 00:21:15,000
万千,7.飞了,8.泽州,9.之福,10.

178
00:21:15,000 --> 00:21:44,000
越南,11.浦儿,12.盟字,13.飞了,14.飞了,15.

179
00:21:44,000 --> 00:22:07,000
武昌,16.杰石,17.青岛,18.日本,19.

180
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:17,000
隋原,20.飞了,20.