àishàng 爱上 to fall in love vith ài 爱 to love āndìng 安定 to be peaceful and stable, to be quiet and settled bàba 爸爸 father, dad, papa báitiān 白天 daytime bāng máng 帮忙 to help; help bāngzhu 帮助 to help; help; as a help to，for bàng 棒 to be great, to be fantastic，to be terrific -bān -班 counter for class of students bǎohù 保护 to protect bǎoshí 保持 to keep, to preserve, to maintain bāo 包 to wrap bèihòu 背后 behind someone's back -bèizi -辈子 all one's life, lifetime běnlái 本来 originally, in the beginning, at first; to begin with, in the first place běnrén 本人 herself, himself, oneself, myself，etc. biànchéng 变成 to change into biàn 变 to change，to become different bǐcǐ 彼此 each other, one another, both; the same to you bìngrén 病人 sick person，patient bǐsà bǐng 比萨饼 pizza bǐ 比 to compare bómǔ 伯母 aunt (wife of father's elder brother); (term for the mother of one's friend) bóshì 博士 Ph.D. bú fàngxīn 不放心 to worry bù guǎn 不管 no matter (vhat, whether, etc.) bù huāng bù máng 不慌不忙 calm, not the least bit flustered bú jiàn bú sàn 不见不散 don't leave until we've met up bù jiǎndān 不简单 not ordinary，not commonplace; remarkable bù néng bu 不能不 to have to，must bù shǎo 不少 to be quite a lot，to be much, to be many bú shi... jiù shi... 不是。。。 就是。。。 if it isn't... then it's; either... or... bú xiàng huà 不像话 to be ridiculous, to be outrageous, to be absurd (talk, acts， etc.) cáichǎn 财产 property cái 才 only in that case， only under this condition cái 财 only (before an amount) cānjiā 参加 to participate in, to take part in; to join; to attend chàng gē 唱歌 to sing (songs) cháng 长 to be long chǎoxǐng 吵醒 to wake (someone) up by being noisy chǎo 吵 to be noisy; to disturb by making noise chéngshì 城市 city; urban chéngyuánguó 成员国 member country -chéng -成 (verb ending) into chībuxiàqù 吃不下去 to be unable to eat chī kǔ 吃苦 to suffer, to undergo hardship chōu yān 抽菸 to smoke (totacco) chuáng 床 bed chuántǒng 传统 tradition, traditional cōnglái bù/méi 从来不/从来没 never (up till now) cónglái 从来 ever (up till now)，always (up till now) cóng... (verb)-qǐ 从。。。 -起 to begin (verb)-ing from. cūnr 村儿 village dāduōshù(r) 大多数（儿） the great majority dàishang 带上 to take along (Běijīng) -dài -代 generation; era， (historical) period dājiě 大姐 older sister (a respectful term of address for a woman atout one’s own age or older) dàlù 大陆 mainland, continent dǎng 党 (political) party dānxīn 担心 to be worried, to be uneasy dānzi 单子 list; form dàochù 到处 everywhere dàodé 道德 morality, morals, ethics dào lāji 倒垃圾 to take out (dump) the garbage dàolǐ 道理 principle, truth , hows and whys; reason, argument, sense dào 倒 to pour, to dump -dào -到 (resultative ending used for perception ty one of the senses: jiàndao, kàndao， tīngdao, etc.) -dào -到 (resultative ending used to indicate reaching; in xiǎngdào， tándào， etc., translated as “about” or “of” dàxuéshēng 大学生 college student dǎ zhàng 打仗 to fight a war， to go to war dǎ zhēn 打针 to get an injection dǎ zì 打字 to type (on a typewriter) dédao 得到 to receive, to get -de huà 的话 if; in case; supposing that děi kàn 得看 to depend on děng dào 等到 wait until; when, by the time děng yíxià 等以下 wait a minute; in a little while děng 等 when; by the time; till dé 得 to get -diǎn -点 point diào yǎnlèi 掉眼泪 to cry，shed tears dìwei 地位 position，status dǒngde 懂得 to understand, to grasp, to know duǎnpiān 短片 short (stories, articles) dúlì 独立 to be independent; independence duó (duō) 多 how (to what extent) duó hǎo! 多好！ how great that is! duōshù(r) 多数 （儿） the majority (of), most (of) éi 诶 say! (interjection telling that the speaker Just thought of something) értóng 儿童 child (formal word) érxífu(r) (-fer) 儿媳妇（儿） daughter-in-law fādá 发达 to be (highly) developed, to be fǎlǜ 法律 law fǎnduì 反对 to oppose, to be against -fāngmiàn (-mian) -方面 aspect，side, area, respect fǎngwèn 访问 to visit fǎnzhèng 反正 anyvay, in any case fàn zuì 犯罪 to commit a crime fàn 犯 to violate, to offend, to commit; to have an attack (of an old disease) fān 翻 to translate fāzhǎn 发展 to develop, to expand, to grow fēngsú 风俗 custom(s) fēnkāi 分开 to separate, to split up fēn 分 points fēn 分 to divide, to separate, to split fùnü 妇女 woman; women, womankind fúqi 夫妻 blessings, good fortune gǎibiàn 改变 to change; change(s) gài 盖 to build, to construct gāi 该 should, ought to gāi 该 will probably gànbu 干部 cadre gǎnjué 感觉 feeling, sensation; to feel, to perceive gànmá 干嘛 to do what; (colloquial) why on what for gàn shenme 干什么 to do what; (colloquial) vhy on earth，what for gǎnxiè 感谢 to be thankful, to be grateful gāogàn 高干 senior cadres gāozhōng 高中 senior high school gèguó 各国 various countries gémìng 革命 revolution gēn 跟 to follow Gòngchǎndǎng 共产党 Communist Party gōngchǎng 工厂 factory, mill, plant, works gōnggong 公公 grandfather, grandpa (paternal) gōngkè 功课 homework Gòngqīngtuán 共青团 Communist Youth League gōngshāngyè 工商业 industry and commerce gōngyè 工业 industry gōngyìpǐn 工艺品 handicrafts gōng 公 male (for animals) guǎnggào 广告 advertisement guānniàn 观念 concept, idea, notion guānxīn 关心 to be concerned/care about guānyú 关于 as to, with regard to, concerning, about guǎn 管 to take care of; to mind, to bother about gǔhuī 骨灰 bone ashes, ashes (of a person) guīju 规矩 rules of proper behavior, social etiquette, manners; special customs, established practice, rule (of guójiā 国家 country, state, nation; national guòqù 过去 the past guòqu 过去 to pass; to pass away, to die guò rìzi 过日子 to live; to get along gùshi 故事 story gǔshū 古书 ancient book hǎiluòyīn 海洛因 heroin hái 还 fairly, passably hǎochù 好处 benefit， advantage hǎohāor 好好儿 properly, carefully, thoroughly hǎo shi hǎo, kěshi… 好是好，可是 well, okay, but… hǎoxiàng 好像 to seem as if，to seem like hēiyè 黑夜 (darkness of) night, nighttime hèn 恨 to hate, to loathe, to detest Hóngwèibīng 红卫兵 (a) Red Guard; the Red Guards hòulái 后来 later, afterwards Huáshèngdùn Yóubào 华盛顿邮报 Washington Post huì 会 might; to be likely to; will -huí 回 counter for shì matter huó 活 to live; to become alive; to survive; to be live/alive/living; mobile, moving húshuō 胡说 to talk nonsense; nonsense, drivel hùxiāng 互相 mutually jiǎndān 简单 to be simple jiǎngjiu 讲究 to be particular about; to be elegant, to be tasteful jiǎng 奖 prize jiǎng 讲 to stress, to pay attention to, to be particular about jiàotáng 教堂 church, cathedral jiàoyu 教育 to educate; education jiārù 加入 to join jiātíng 家庭 family -jiā 家 counter for families jīdòng 激动 to be agitated, to be worked up jièdao 借到 to successfully borrow jiěfàng 解放 to liberate, to emancipate; liberation jiéhūn (jiēhūn) 结婚 to get married jièyì 介意 to mind, to take offense jiè 借 to borrow; to lend jíjímángmáng 急急忙忙 in a hurry, extremely rushed jímáng 急忙 to be hasty, to be hurried jìnbù 进步 to progress; progress jìndàishǐ 近代史 modern history jīngshén 精神 energy, spirits jīnr 今儿 today (Běijīng) jǐnzhāng 紧张 to be nervous, to be upset jìzhu 记住 to remember jì 记 to remember; to commit to memory jūnduì 军队 army júzi shuǐ(r) 橘子水（儿） orange juice (Běijīng) -jù -句 sentence; (counter for sentences utterances, often followed by huà, “speech”） kànbuqǐ 看不起 to look down on, to scorn, to despise kàndao 看到 to see kànzhe 看着 (followed by a verb) as one sees fit, as one deems reasonable kàn 看 to depend on kǎolǜ 考虑 to consider， to think about; consideration kǎoshì 考试 to take/give an exam, test， or quiz; exam, test kǎo 考 to take/give an exam, test, or quiz kào 靠 to depend on, to rely on; to lean against; to be near, to be next to kěài 可爱 to be loveable, to be adorable kěkǎyīn 可卡因 cocaine Kěkǒukělě 可口可乐 Coca Cola kělián 可怜 to be pitiful kěn 肯 to be willing to kū 哭 to cry lái * for the past, (amount of time) ...lái 。。。来 to do (something), to perform (something), to have (an event)， to help oneself to (food, etc.), to Join in (a game, etc.) lái 来 used before a verb to express that something vill be done lājī 垃圾 garbage lánwěiyán 阑尾炎 appendicitis láodònglì 劳动力 labor force, labor; able-bodied person láodòng 劳动 to labor lǎolao 姥姥 grandmother，grandma (maternal) láolì 劳力 labor force; labor lǎo shīfu 老师傅 old master lǎoshǔ (láoshu) 老鼠 mouse or rat lǎoxiānsheng 老先生 old gentlemen lǎoyé 姥爷 grandfather, grandpa (maternal) lǎozǒng 老总 (used vith surname as an affectionate term for a high-ranking PLA commander) lǎo 老 all the time, always lián... dōu/yě... 连。。。 都/也 even... liáo tiān(r) 聊天（儿） to chat liáo 聊 to chat liǎ 俩 Běijīng colloquial word meaning liǎngge, two lǐmào 礼貌 manners, politeness lǐngdǎo 领导 to lead, to direct, to exercise leadership (over); leadership; leader, leading cadre liùshi niándài 六十年代 the decade of the sixties liúxia 留下 to leave liúxíng 流行 to be common, to be popular, to be prevalent luànqībāzāo 乱七八糟 in a mess, in confusion, in disorder; miscellaneous, motley, all thrown in together luàn 乱 to be in disorder, to be in a mess， to be chaotic; arbitrarily, recklessly, any old way mànmānr (mànmàn) 慢慢儿（慢慢） slowly; gradually, by and by; taking one1s time (doing something); (tell) all about, in all details ma 么 (marker for obviousness of reasoning) méi yìsi 米意思 to be uninteresting/boring; to be pointless/meaningless; to be a drag; to be without value, not worthy of respect, cheap míngbai 明白 to understand, to be clear on, to comprehend; to be clear, to be in-telligible Míng Bào 明报 Ming Pao (a Hong Kong newspaper) mǔ 母 female (for animals) nà hái yòng shuō 那还用说 that goes vithout saying nǎinai 奶奶 grandmother (paternal) Nán Měi 南美 South America nánnǚ 男女 men and women, male-female nánshòu 难受 to be uncomfortable; to feel bad, to feel unhappy nántīng 难听 to be unpleasant to hear; to sound bad, to offend the ears; to be scandalous nénglì 能力 ability ne 呢 used in questions asking the whereabouts of someone/something niánji (niánjì) 年纪 age niánqīng 年轻 to be young nóngcūn 农村 country, rural area; rural nònglai 弄来 to get and bring nóngmín 农民 peasant nong (něng) 弄 to do; to fool with； to get nóngyè 农业 agriculture nǔlì 努力 to make efforts nǚsheng 女生 coed, woman student pǎolai pǎoqù 跑来 跑去 to run around pà 怕 to be afraid pèngdao 碰到 to run into, to come across -piān -篇 counter for sheets, articles or pieces of writing piàn 骗 to fool, to deceive píngděng 平等 equality; to be equal (of people) pīnmìng 拼命 with all one's might， for all one is worth, desperately, like mad; to risk one's life, to defy death pīzhǔn 批准 to give permission, to approve; approval, permission, sanction pópo 婆婆 grandmother, grandma qiáng 强 to be strong qiāng 枪 gun qiánxiē nián 前些年 a fev years back, in recent years qiāo mén 敲门 to knock at the door qíguài 奇怪 to be strange, to be odd， to be surprising -qilai -起来 (resultative ending which indicates starting) qǐlai 起来 to get up (in several senses) Qīnghǎi 青海 a province in western China qíngkuàng 情况 situation, circumstances, condition, state of affairs qíngxing 情形 situation, circumstances, condition, state of affairs quánjiā rén 全家人 the whole family quàn 劝 to advise, to urge, to try to persuade ràng 让 to make (someone a certain vay) rénjia 人家 people; other people; someone else; they; he, she; I rén 人 person; self; body rèxīnqilai 热心起来 to become enthusiastic and interested rèxīn 热心 to be enthusiastic and interested, to be varmhearted, to be earnest rìzi 日子 day; date; time rù Tuán 入团 to join the Communist Youth League (Gòngqīngtuán or Gòngchǎnzhǔyì Qīngniántuán) rù 入 to enter; to join (an organization) shāfā 沙发 sofa shàng xué 上学 to go to school; to attend school shāngyè 商业 commerce, business -shang -上 verb ending indicating starting and continuing Shàoxiānduì 少先队 Young Pioneers shǎ 傻 to be stupid, to be dumb, to be silly, to be naive shā 杀 to kill (means unspecified); to kill (specifically, vith a knife or knifelike instrument); to try to kill shèhuì 社会 society; social shēngchǎn 生产 to produce; production shēnghuó 生活 to live; life; daily life; livelihood shēngyì (shēngyi) 生意 business, trade shēnqǐng 申请 to apply (for) shēntǐ 身体 body; health shìchǎng 市场 market shìjièshang 世界上 in the vorld, in the whole world shijièxìng 世界性 vorldwvide, cosmopolite shìjiè 世界 vorld shíxíng 实行 to practice, to carry out, to put into effect, to implement (a method, policy, plan, reform, etc.) shízaì 实在 really; to be real shǐ 使 to cause (followed by a verb), to make, to enable shǒuchāode 手抄的 handwritten shòu jiàoyu 受 教育 to receive an education shōurù 收入 income, earnings shōushi 收拾 to straighten up; to get ones things ready shòu 受 to receive shòu 瘦 to be thin shǔjià 暑假 summer vacation shuōbuqīngchu 说不清楚 can't explain clearly shuōdao 说到 to speak of; as for shuōfǎ 说法 vay of saying a thing; statement, version, argument shuòshì 硕士 Master丨s degree Sì Shū 四书 the Four Books (Dàxué, Zhōngyōng, Lúnyǔ, Mèngzǐ) sīxiǎng 思想 thought, vay of thinking sǐ 死 to die sònghuiqu 送回去 to take/escort back sòngxíng 送行 to see (someone off), to wish (someone) a good trip; to give a going-avay party suàn le 算了 forget it， let's drop the matter, let it go at that; come off it， come on sūnnǚ 孙女 granddaughter (through one's son) sūnzi 孙子 grandson (through one's son) suǒyǒude... dōu 所有的。。。 都 all tán liàn'ài 谈恋爱 to be in love, to be going together (courtship) tǎoyàn 讨厌 to dislike, to be disgusted vith téng 疼 to be very fond of, to be attached to, to dote on 7 tiào 跳 to jump, to leap tímu (-mù) 题目 topic, subject; title; examination question, test problem tīng 听 to heed (advice), to obey (orders) tí 提 to carry (from the hand at the side of the body) tóngjū 同居 to cohabit; cohabitation tóngyì 同意 to consent, to agree tóur 头儿 head, chief, boss Tuán 团 (Communist Youth) League -tuán -团 group, society tǔdì 土地 land (V V) kan (V V) 看 try and (v), (v) and see how it wàigōng 外公 grandfather, grandpa (maternal) wàipó 外婆 grandmother, grandma (maternal) wàiwén 外文 foreign language wǎnhuì 晚会 evening party wǎnliàn wǎnhūn 晚恋晚婚 late involvement and late marriage wèile 为了 in order to; for the purpose of; for the sake of wénhuà 文化 culture; schooling, education, literacy wénxuéjiā 文学家 writer， literary man wénzhāng 文章 article, essay; prose (writing) style wǒde tiān na! 我的天阿！ my God! wǔjiào 午觉 noontime nap xiàndài 现代 to be modern; contemporary; modern times xiǎngbuchū 想不出 can't think up, can't come up vith xiāngdāng 相当 quite, pretty, considerably xiǎngdao 想到 to think of xiāngxìn 相信 to believe (in); to trust，to be convinced (that) xiàng 像 to be like, to resemble; like; such as xiǎng 响 to sound, to make a sound xiǎo diǎnr shēng(r) 小点儿声（儿） a little more quietly xiǎo péngyou 小朋友 little friend; kids xiàoshun 孝顺 to be filial; filial obedience xiǎoshuō(r) 小说 fiction, novel xiǎo 小 young xià qí 下棋 to play chess -xiaqu -下去 down (directional ending used for eating or drinking dovn) -xiaqu -下去 resultative ending which indicates continuing an action -xià -下 under xī dú 吸毒 to take drugs; drug taking xíguàn 习惯 habit, custom, usual practice; to be accustomed to, to be used to xìngkuī 幸亏 fortunately, luckily xìngqu 兴趣 interest -xìng -性 nature，-ness, -ity xīnli 心里 in one's heart， in one's mind xīnshì 心事 something weighing on one's mind， worry Xīnwén Zhōukān 新闻周刊 Newsweek xīnwén 新闻 news xīn 心 heart xué hǎo 学好 to learn from good examples, to learn to be a good person xuéhuì 学会 to learn, to master xuéqī 学期 semester, term (of school) xuéshēnghuì 学生会 student association xué yī 学医 to study medicine xùnliànbān 训练班 training class yánjiū (-jiu, -jiù) 研究 to study (in detail), to do research on; research yào kàn 要看 to depend on Yàzhōu (Yǎ-) 亚洲 Asia yèdà 业大 evening university yě gāi 也该 really should ...yě hǎo, ...yě hǎo 。。。也好， 。。。也好 whether...or...; both... and... yě jiù 也就 accordingly, correspondingly, so yéye 爷爷 grandfather (paternal) yìbiān(r)... yìbiān(r)... 以便（儿）。。。 以便（儿）。。。 doing... while doing... yìfāngmiàn..., yìfāngmiàn... 一方面。。。，一方面 。。。 on the one hand... on the other hand; for one thing...， for another thing... yìjiāzi 一家子 one family; the whole family; the same family yímiàn(r)... yímiàn(r)... 一面（儿）。。。一面（儿）。。。 doing... while doing... yìtiān dào wǎn 一天到晚 all day long yīxué 医学 medical science，medicine yīyuàn 医院 hospital yìzhí 一直 all along， continuously, all the time (up until a certain point) yī 一 as soon as -yì 亿 hundred million yī 医 medical science, medicine (used in phrases like xuě yī) yònggōng 用功 to be hardworking, to be industrious (in one’s studies) yǒu bànfǎ, (duì... ) 有办法，（对。。。） to be able to deal with (something) yǒu bāngzhu 有帮助 to be helpful yǒu dàolǐ 有道理 to make sense yòuéryuán 幼儿园 kindergarten yǒu guīju 有规矩 to have manners，to be proper yǒu hǎochù 有好处 to be beneficial, to be good (for) yǒu lǐmào 有礼貌 to be well mannered, to be polite yǒu qián 有钱 to be rich yǒu * to come up to (a certain level) yǒu xiào 有效 to be effective; to be valid yǒu xìngqu 有兴趣 to be interested yǒu yánjiū 有研究 to have done research on; to know a lot about yǒu yòng 有用 to be useful yōu 优 excellent yòu 又 also yòu 有 anyway; after all yuánlái 原来 original, former; originally, formerly; it turns out that..., so...! (expresses finding out the true situation) yuányīn 原因 reason，cause yuànyi 愿意 to wish，would like，to want to; to be willing to yuè lái yuè... 越来越。。。 more and more..., increasingly yuè... yuè... 越。。。越。。。 the more... the more... yùnqi 运气 luck zài shuō 再说 furthermore, besides, moreover zài yě bù/méi 再也不/没 never again zǎohūn 早婚 early marriage; child marriage; to marry as a child; to marry early zǎo 早 a long time ago zěnme (yì)huí shì 怎么一回事 what's it all about zéren (-rèn) 责任 responsibility zhǎngdà 长大 to grow up zhàngfu 丈夫 husband zhǎng 长 to grow zhànzhēng 战争 war zhāobudào 找不到 can't find, to be unable to find zhàogu 照顾 to take care of; care zhèi yíxiàzi 这一下子 after this, as a result of this zhème (yì)huí shì 这么一回事 like this zhèngcè 政策 policy zhèngfǔ 政府 government zhènghǎo(r) 正好（儿） it Just so happens that, to happen to, as it happens; just in time. Just right, just enough zhèngzhi 政治 politics; political zhèng 整 just, precisely, right zhǐ hǎo 只好 can only, to have to, to be forced to zhīshi 知识 knowledge zhǐ yào 只要 provided that, as long as Zhōngguó Qīngnián 中国青年 China Youth (a periodical) zhòng nán qīng nǚ 重男轻女 to regard males as superior to females Zhōngxuéshēng 中学生 High School Student (a periodical) -zhōng -中 in zhōukān 周刊 weekly publication, weekly magazine zhuàn qián 赚钱 to earn money, to make money zhǔrén 主人 host, master zhùxialai 住下来 to move and stay (in a place)，to settle down zhǔyào 主要 mainly zìyóu shìchǎng 自由市场 free market zìyóu 自由 freedom; to be free zōngjiào 宗教 (organized) religion zǒngtǒng 总统 president zǒng 总 always; inevitably, vithout exception; after all, in any case zuìjìn 最近 lately, recently; the near future, soon zuǐ 嘴 mouth zuì 罪 crime, guilt zuòbuliǎo 做不了 to be unable to do zuò lǐbài 做礼拜 to worship, to go to church zuòxia 坐下 to sit down zuò 做 to be, to act as