Foreign Service Institute STANDARD CHINESE A Modular Approach OPTIONAL MODULE: Personal Welfare This publication is to be used primarily in support of training military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to: Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center Nonresident Training Division Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006 Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view are sometimes included in language training for DLIFLC students, since military personnel may find themselves in positions where clear understanding of conversations or written material of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements—whether real or apparent—in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, the Defense Language Institute, or the Department of Defense. Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional materials to provide instruction in their pronunciation and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the language and does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not mentioned. In DLIFLC publications, the words '‘he," "him" and "his" denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts. PREFACE Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking. The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions. A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder, III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff, III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS). The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance. Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development. Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6. All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiuo-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues. Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Beth Broomell, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Judith J. Kieda, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype. The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype. The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual. Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign Service Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force Academy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia. The Defense Language Institute printed the preliminary materials used for field testing and has likewise printed this edition. Dames R. Frith, Chairman Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Optional Modules Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module Unit 1: Weather and Terrain Part 1    Winter and Summer Part II   Spring and Fall Part III Terrain Unit Vocabulary List Unit 2: Clothing Part I Buying Clothes Part II Buying Clothes Part III Having Clothes Made Unit Vocabulary List Unit 3: Hair Care Part I At the Barber Part II At the Hairdresser Unit Vocabulary List Unit U: In the Home Part I Personal Belongings.............. Part II   Parts of the Home Part II   Taking Care of Children Unit Vocabulary List Unit 5: Minor Physical Complaints Part I    Colds and Fevers Part II Stomach Ailments Part III Taking Temperatures and Blood Pressure .... Unit Vocabulary List Unit 6: Accidents and Difficulties Part I    Losing a Driver's License Part II A Motorcycle Accident Part II I  Crossing into a Restricted Area Unit Vocabulary List Appendices: 1. Parts of the Body 2. Medical Conditions and Illnesses 3. Furniture and Household Items U. Parts of a House Module Vocabulary List OPTIONAL MODULES Why some modules are optional Optional modules present situations which some of our users will find necessary and others dispensable. For instance, college students rarely take cars with them to China. People serving in the military may have no need of finding hotel accomodations or housing. People working for the government may rarely use the local postal system. You may choose to study one, some, all or none of the optional modules, basing your decision on factors such as the amount of time available in your curriculum and the relevance of these topics to your goals. We hope you will find that these optional modules add flexibility to your use of the course. Format of optional modules Optional modules "look" different from core modules. A unit is divided into two or three parts, each with its own reference list, reference notes, and dialogues. There is only one tape, not five, per unit. The unit tape combines the C-l and P-1 formats you have used in the core modules. Most of the explanation for the new material is not found on the tape, however, but in the reference notes in the text. When to use an optional module Since each unit introduces more vocabulary but less new grammar than «a core module, you can use an optional module when you see the need to enrich your vocabulary. You don’t have to go all the way through an optional module at once. You may use a unit at a time for variety while working on a core module, or several units as a break between core modules. How to work through an optional module tape You may have found that you could work through the C-l and P-1 tapes of a core module unit just once, perhaps going back over a few sections twice. With optional module tapes, however, you will probably want to work through more than once, frequently stopping to read the notes and rewinding to listen Optional Module: Personal Welfare The Personal Welfare Module (WLF) will provide you with the skills needed to take care of a variety of personal needs and handle yourself in a number of possibly difficult situations. Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should have at least completed the Money Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3, you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN). OBJECTIVES When you have finished this module, you will be able to: 1. Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, a Chinese city, and your hometown. 2. Describe the location, geographical setting, population, and air quality of the three areas in No. 1. 3. Give the names of five or more items of clothing. 1+. Get your hair cut or styled. 5. Describe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling. 6. Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house. 7. Give simple directions to a babysitter. 8. Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms. .Offer advice on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of kāishuǐ, ’’boiled water.” 9. Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how to give normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell ’’where it hurts” (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary. ) 10. Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an ambulance. 11. Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to go to report the loss and be able to determine whether adequate translation facilities will be available. 12. Use the words for "danger" and "caution" in grammatical, situationally appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how and for what reasons he was escorted out. Personal Welfare Module, Unit 1 Weather and Terrain REFERENCE LIST 1. Jìntiān tiānqi hěn hǎo. 2. Nǐ lǎojiāde qìhòu zěnmeyàng? 3. Dōngtiān hěn lěng. U. Chángcháng xià xuě. 5. Xiàtiān hěn rè. 6. Jìntiān tian qíng le. 7. Wo juéde Táizhōngde qìhòu hěn hǎo. 8. Shànghǎide dōngtiān hěn shǎo xià xuě. 9. Jìntiān zherde tiānqi hěn liāngkuai. 10. chāng The weather is very nice today. How is the climate in your hometown? It’s cold in the winter. It often snows. In the summer it’s hot. It cleared up today. I feel that Taichung’s climate is very nice. It seldom snows in the winter in Shanghai. The weather here is very cool today. often (alternate word for changcháng.) REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I Jìntiān tiānqi hěn hǎo: Notice that the time word Jìntiān "today" is placed before the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case before the verb. Examples: Qùnián wo hái bú huì xiě zì.       Last year I still couldn’t write characters. Wǒ xiànzài hui xiě yìdiǎn le.      Now I can write a little. qìhòu: "climate" Also pronounced qìhòu (with hou in the neutral tone). Dōngtiān hěn lěng.: "it's cold in winter" The adverb hěn is not translated here. Often hěn adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjectival verb, and doesn’t need to be translated by "very." Later, you may notice that sometimes we translate the hěn literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation. It is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we admit, a somewhat arbitrary decision. chángcháng: "often, frequently, usually" An alternate form of this word is cháng. Tā chángcháng qù Xianggang.        She often goes to Hong Kong. Tā cháng kàn bàozhì.               He often reads the newspaper. The phrase "very often" is NOT formed by using hen with cháng; instead, Just use cháng or chángcháng. If you must stress that something happens very often, use a phrase like "every few days." xià xuě: "to snow" or more literally "(there) falls snow." The subject xuě "snow" normally follows the verb xià "to descend." This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions. Ou, xià xuě le. Oh, it’s snowing. Is it snowing? No. Xià xuě ma? Bu xià. You méiyou xià xue? Méiyou. Xià xuě le meiyou? Méiyou. Jīntiān xià xuě bu xià xuě?        Is it going to snow today? Xiànzài bu xià xuě le.             It's not snowing anymore. tiān: "heaven, sky, day." Aiya, wǒde tiān na!                Oh my heavens! Tiān zhǐdao!                        Heaven only knows! qíng: "to be clear, to clear up" In the sentence Tiān qíng le, the marker le tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up. Juéde "to feel" Here Juéde is used to mean "to feel, to think, to have an opinion about something." It can also mean "to feel" in a physical way, as in "to feel sick." Nǐ Juéde . . . zěnmeyàng? can be well translated as "How do you like . . . ? hěn shǎo: "it seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter." The adjectival verb shǎo "to be few" is used here as an adverb "seldom," and as such comes before the verb. Notice that hěn shǎo, "seldom," and chángcháng, "often," are used as opposites. English is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject "it," as in "it snows." Jīntiān zhèrde tiānqi hen liángkuai: ’’Today the weather here is very cool.1’ Again, it is not necessary to translate hěn as ’’very’’ in this sentence; the meaning depends on the speaker’s intonation and emphasis. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I An American woman is talking with a M:   Jintiān tiānqi hěn hao, shì bu shi? F:   Shì a! Jīntiān tiān qíng le. M:   Nī lǎojiāde qìhou zěnmeyang? F:   Wǒ lǎojiā zài Jiùjīnshān. Nàrde qihou hěn hǎo. Dōngtiān bù lěng, xiātiān yě bu tài rè. M:   Nǐ juéde Běijīng zěnmeyang? F:   Zhèi jītiān Běijīng tiāntiān xià xuě, tài lěng le. Chinese man in Beijing. The weather is very good today, isn't it? It is.' Today it has cleared up. What's the climate like where you're from? My hometown is San Francisco. The climate there is very good. It isn't cold in the winter, and it isn't too hot in the summer, either. How do you like Běijīng? LLiterally, "How do you feel Běijīng is?"l It's been snowing these last few days in Běijīng and it's been too cold. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Juéde: "to feel" This may mean "to feel (physically)" or "to feel (emotionally), to think." It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface a statement of opinion. Wǒ Juéde ... may sometimes be translated as "l think that ..." Wǒ juéde tā kéyi zuò.               I think he can do it. And here are some examples using juéde to mean "feel (physically )": Wǒ juéde hěn rè.                    I feel hot. Wǒ juéde bù shūfu.                  I don't feel well. (Literally, "l feel not-well.") Nī Juéde Běijīng zěnmeyang?: "How do you like Běijīng?" or "What do you think of Běijīng?" More literally, "You feel Běijīng is how?" tài lěng le: "it’s been too cold" The marker le is the marker for new situations. It is often used to reinforce the idea of "excessive." Another example is Tài guì le! "it’s too expensive!" SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei. M: Nǐ lǎojiā zài náli? Where’s your hometown? F: Zài Niu Yuē. It’s New York. M: Niǔ Yuēde qìhòu zěnmeyàng? What is New York’s climate like? F: Niǔ Yuēde qìhòu bú tài hǎo. Dōngtiān lěng, xiàtiān rè. Nì lǎojiā zài nali? New York’s climate isn’t too good. It's cold in the winter and hot in the summer. Where’s your hometown. M: Zài Shànghǎi. Shànghǎide dōngtiān hěn shǎo xià xuě, kěshi yě hěn lěng. It’s Shanghai. It seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter, but it's cold there, too. F: Xiàtiān zěnmeyàng? What’s it like in the summer? M: Ou, xiàtiān hěn rè. Oh, it's hot in the summer. F: Jìntiān zhèrde tiānqi hěn liǎng-kuai. Women chūqu zōuzou1 2 hǎo bu hǎo? The weather today is cool. Let's , out and walk around, okay? M: Hǎo. Okay. 11. Dōngtiān chángcháng guā fēng. 12. Sānyuè jiù kāishì nuǎnhuo le. 13. Chūntiān hěn duǎn. 1U. Xiatian yǒude shíhou xià yǔ. 15. Qiūtiān zuì hǎo. 16. Nǐ shi shénme shíhou líkāi Běijīngde? 17. Wō zhēn xiǎng Jiāzhōu. 18. Xiàtiān bú shi hěn cháoshí. 19. Tīngshuō Táiwān chángcháng guā taifēng. 20. cháng It’s often windy in the winter. By March it is already starting to get warm. Spring is very short. It sometimes rains in the summer. Fall is the best (season). When did you leave Běijíng? I really miss California. It's not very humid in the summer. I hear that Taiwan often has typhoons. to be long WS zhēn xiǎng Jiāzhōu: "I really miss California” The verb xiǎng, translated here as ”to miss," is the same verb as "to think" ("I really think of California Cwith ncstalgial"). xiàtiān bú shi hěn cháoshí: "it’s not very humid in the summer." The shi is not obligatory in the sentence. It would also be correct to say bù hěn cháoshí. táifěng: "typhoon" The Chinese word táifēng was borrowed into the English language as "typhoon." FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Hong Kong: F: Ni líkāi Běijīng duōshǎo nián le? M: Yījīng you èrshibānián le. F: Nī líkāi zhème Jiǔ, xiang bu xiǎng Běijīng? M: Yōu'shihou xiǎng. F: Tīngshuō Běijīng qiūtiande tiānqi zuì hǎo, shì bu shi? M: Duì le, qiūtiānde tiānqi zuì hǎo, bù lěng yě bú rè. F: Dongtian xià xuě ma? M: Dōngtiān you shihou xià xuě, yě chángcháng guā fēng. F: Shénme shihou kāishī nuǎnhuo? M: Sānyuè Jiu kāidhī nuǎnhuo le. Kěshi chūntiān hěn duǎn, Wuyuè jiu rè le. F: Xiàtiān cháoshí ma? M: Xiàtiān yěude shihou xià yǔ, kěshi bú shi hěn cháoshí. How many years has it been since you left Běijīng? It’s already been twenty-eight years. It’s been so long since you left, do you miss Běijīng? Sometimes I miss it. I hear that the autumn weather in Běijīng is the best, isn’t it? Right, the autumn weather is the best; it’s neither cold nor hot Does it snow in the winter? It sometimes snows in the winter, and it’s often windy, too. When does it start to get warm? It starts to get warm by March, But the spring is very short, In May it starts to get hot. Is it humid in the summer? It sometimes rains in the summer, but it’s not very humid. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE Nǐ líkāi zhème Jiu: "it’s been so long since you left" You have seen jiǔ, which means "to be long in time," in the phrase duo Jiǔ, "how long (a time)" SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei: M: Nǐ Juéde Taiběi chūntiande tiānqi hǎo bu hǎo? Do you feel that the spring weather in Taipei is good? F: Wo Juéde zhèlide chūntiān hěn hǎo, Sānyuè jiù nuǎnhuo le. Kěshi wǒ tīngshuō xiàtiān hěn rè, duì bu dui? I feel the spring here is very good. It gets warm in March. But I hear the summer is hot, right? M: Duì le. Zhèlide xiàtiān hěn rè, chángcháng xià yu, hěn chāoshī. Right. The summer here is very hot, and it often rains; it’s very humid. F: Tingshuō yě changcháng guā táifēng. I’ve also heard that there are often typhoons. M: Duì le. Yes. F: Táiběide qiūtiān ne? How about the fall in Taipei? M: ōu, Jiǔ-Shíyuè hái hěn rè, Shíyíyuè jiù liángkuai le. Oh, in September and October it’s still hot. By November it gets cool. 21. Nǐ lǎojiā zài chéngli hāishi zài xiāngxià? 22. Nàli you shān, you sēnlín, hái you hú. 23. Fěngjǐng hěn hǎo, kōngqì hěn xlnxian. 2U. Nǐ lǎojiā f ùjìnde huānjìng zěnmeyàng? 25. Nǐ lǎojiā nèige dìfang ySu duoshǎo rénkǒu? 26. You wǔqiān rěn zuoyòu. 2?. Nàr meiyou kōngqì wūrǎn. 28. Haitian hěn qǐngjìng. 29. Zhèr fùjìn you he ma? 30. chěng Is your home in the city or in the country? There are mountains and forests there and lakes, too. The scenery is very nice and the air is fresh. What’s the country like where you're from? What's the population of your hometown? There are about five thousand people. There's no air pollution there. The seashore is very quiet. Are there any rivers in this area? city REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III chengli: "in the city," literally "inside the city wall." xiāngxià: "country" Also pronounced xiāngxià (with neutral tone xià). fùjin: "vicinity" Also pronounced fǔjìn. huānjìng: "environment, surroundings," In No. 2U the phrase"nǐ lǎojiā fùjìnde huānjìng is literally "the environment of the vicinity of your original home." nǐ lǎojiā nèige dìfang: "your hometown" Lǎojiā by itself only means "original home."To get the meaning "hometown," you must refer to the place (nèige dìfang) where yoúr "original home" (lǎojiā) is. Notice the different phrasing in the following sentences: Nǐ lǎojiā nèige dìfang you         What's the population of your duōshǎo renkǒu?                    hometown? Nǐ lǎojiā nàr you meiyou shān? Are there mountains where your original home is? Nǐ lǎojiā zài xiāngxià ma?         Is your original home in the country? shān, hū, he: ’’mountain, lake, river” These three words are used with the four points of the compass to make several province names. Shandong       east of the (Tàiháng) mountains Shānxǐ         west of the (Tàiháng) mountains Hebei          north of the (Yellow) river Henan          south of the (Yellow) river Húběi          north of the (Dòngtíng) lake Hunan          south of the (Dòngtíng) lake FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III An American woman is talking with a M: Nǐ lǎojiā fǔjìnde huánjìng zěnmeyàng? F: Wo lǎojiāde fùjìn you hěn duō shān. M: Nèige xiǎo chéngde fēngjǐng hěn hǎo ba! F: Duì le. Nàrde fēngjǐng hěn hǎo. You sēnlín, hái you he. M: Nàrde kōngqi hěn xīnxian ba. F: Shi a! Nàr méiyou kōngqi wǔrǎn. M: Nèige xiǎo chěng you duōshǎo rěnkou? F: You sìqiān rén zuǒyòu. Chinese man in Beijing: What’s the country like where you’re from? There are a lot of mountains near where I’m from. That little town must have very good scenery! Right. The scenery there is very good. There are forests and also rivers. I suppose the air there is very fresh. Yes! There is no air pollution there. What’s the population of that little town? There are about four thousand people. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE nèige xiǎo chěng: ’’that little town” You’ve learned that chěngli means ”in the city.’* One word for ’’city” by itself is cheng Eanother is chěngshì3. Nǐ shuōde shi něige Huáshèngdùn? Which Washington are you talking Shi zhóu háishi chěng?             about? The statè or the city? SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei: M:   Nī lǎojiā zai chengli haishi zài xiāngxià? F:   Zài xiāngxià. Nàli you shān, you sēnlín, hái you hú. Fēngjīng hěn hǎo. Wo líkāi nàli yījīng you wǔnián le. Wǒ hěn xiǎng wode lǎojiā. M:   Nī lǎojiā nèige dìfāng you duōshǎo renkǒu? F:   Sānqiān rén zuǒyòu. M:   Nà hěn qīngjìng ba? F:   Duì le, hěn qīngjìng. Kōngqì yě xīnxian. NĪde jiā zài Zhānghuà shénme dìfang? M:   Zài Tiánzhōng fùjìn. Nàli fēngjīng yě hěn hǎo, méiyou kōngqì wūrǎn. Is your home in the city or in the country? It’s in the country. There are mountains there, and forests, and lakes, too. The scenery is very good. It’s already been five years since I left there. I miss my original home very much. What’s the population of your hometown? About three thousand. Then it must be very quiet, I suppose? Right, it’s very quiet. The air is fresh, too. What part of Chang-hua is your home in? Near T’ienchung. The scenery there is also very nice, and there’s no air pollution. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Wǒ líkāi nàli yījīng you wǔnián le: "(Since) I left there it has been five years.’’ The marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary here. It shows that the duration stated (five years) is as of the present moment ("so far"). Another point to bear in mind is that Le is used at the end of most sentences containing yījīng. Zhānghuà, "Changhua," is the name of a city and a county on the west coast of central Taiwan. T’ienchung (Tiánzhōng) is a village in southeastern Changhua county. cháng chángcháng cháoshǐ chéng chèngli chūntiān (chūntian) often often to be humid city, town in the city spring dōngtiān (dōngtian) winter duán to be short fēng wind fěngjǐng scenery fùjìn (fùjìn) area, neighborhood guā to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc. hǎibiān(r) seashore he river hú lake huánjìng environment Juede to feel kāishǐ to begin, to start kōngqì (kōngqi) air kōngqì wūrǎn air pollution lěng to be cold liángkuai to be cool líkāi to leave nuǎnhuo to be warm qìhòu (qìhou) climate qíng to be clear qǐngjìng to be quiet qiūtiān (qiūtian) fall, autumn S. re to be hot renkou population sēnlín forest shān mountain shǎo to be few; seldom táifēng typhoon tiān sky, heaven tiānqì (tiānqi) weather tǐngshuō to hear that, to hear it said wūrǎn pollution xiǎng xiāngxià (xiāngxià) xiàtiān (xiàtiān) xià xuě xià yǔ xīnxiān (xīnxian) to miss, to think of in the country, the countryside summer to snow to rain to he fresh you(de) shihou sometimes zuì zuěyòu most, -est approximately, about PART I REFERENCE LIST Personal Welfare Module, Unit 2 Clothing 1. Tā Jint iān chuānde yífu zhēn hǎo kàn. Wo xūyào jǐ jiàn xin yīfu. 1. Wode dayI tai Jiù le, wǒ xiǎng mǎi (yí)jiàn xīnde. 1». Beijīngde dōngtiān hěn lěng, ni yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde. Ni shénme shíhou qù tuzhuāngdiàn? 6. Gěi wo mǎi yìshuāng tuóxié, hǎo bu hǎo? '!. Taiběi cháng xia yǔ, ni xūyào yǔyǐ, yǔxié. 8. Wode yǔsǎn huài le. 9. WǑ hái xūyào yìtiǎo kūzi. 10. Chūntiān lái le, wo xiǎng mǎi bǎo yidiǎnde qunzi. 11. Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yítào gànbufú. 12. Wǒ shàngwu qù mǎile yìtiǎo kùzi he JiJiàn chènshān. 13. xin The clothes she is wearing today are really pretty. I need some new clothes. My coat is too worn, I want to get a new one. Winter in Beijing is very cold; you need to buy a heavier one. When are you going to the clothing store? Buy me a pair of slippers, would you? It often rains in Taipei; you need a raincoat and rainshoes. My umbrella has broken. I also need a pair of pants. Spring is coming; I’d like to buy a lighter skirt. I’d like to buy a cadre suit. This morning I went and bought a pair of pants and a few shirts. to be new REFERENCES MOTES ON PART 1 chuān: "to put on, to don" (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action verb, "to put on," where English uses a state verb, "to wear." You have to adjust your thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say "She's NOT WEARING her coat," you actually say "She PIDN’T PUT ON her coat," Ta měi chuān dàyT. Here are some example sentences using chuān ”to put on." Wǒ chuānle yìshuāng hong xié. I’m wearing a pair of red shoes. (I’ve put on a pair of red shoes.) I’m not wearing shoes. (I didn’t put on shoes. ) Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR Will you wear white shoes? (INTENTION) I don’t wear white shoes (HABIT) OR I won’t wear white shoes. (INTENTION) Wǒ méi chuān xié. Ní chuān bái xié ma? Wǒ bù chuān bái xié. Chuān is not the only verb verb dài which is used for ments, Jewelry, and gloves. meaning to put on in Chinese. There is another wearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, orna- Dāi is taught in Part II of this unit. xūyào: "to need " This word may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. In either usage, it is always a state verb. It is, therefore, negated with bù. Wǒ xūyào qián. I need money. Wǒ xūyào shíjiān. I need time. Wǒ xūyào ta. I need her. Wǒ xūyào huàn qián. I need to change money. Tā xūyào zhīdao. He needs to know. -Jiàn: This is the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (dǒngxi, shìqing), and suitcases. dayI: "overcoat" literally "big clothes" Jiù; "to be old, to be worn" This is the word to use when describing things, whether concrete or abstract, but never people. CFor people, use lāo: Tā lāo le. "She’s gotten old."l Na shi wǒde Jiù dìzhl.             That’s my old address. Tā háishi chuān Jiù ylfu.          She’s still wearing old clothes. māi (yí)jiān xínde: The number yí- before a counter may be omitted when it directly follows a verb. yào: "to need" In sentence No. h, you see a new usage of yào (nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnrde "you need to buy a heavier one"). In addition to meaning "to want", yào has many uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning "to need" is one of the more common ones. hòu: "to be thick" In sentence No. U (...nǐ yào mǎi hòu yidianrde...), hòu is translated as "heavier." The basic meaning of hòu is "to be thick." Zhèiběn shū hěn hòu.               This book is very thick. Yeli xiàde xuě hěn hòu.             The snow that fell last night is very deep. Báo "to be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.)," is often the opposite of hòu. tuōxié: "slipper," literally "drag-shoes." In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate. (in mainland China, shoes are worn into the house.) huai: This verb has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state verb or a process verb. As a state verb, huài means "to be bad," as a process verb, "to go bad, to break." As a state verb: Zuotiān tiānqi zhēn huài, Jīntiān hǎo le. He! Tāde Zhōngguo huà zhēn bú huài, a? As a process verb: Wǒ zhèizhl bǐ huài le. Zhèixiē júzi huài le, bú yào le. Yesterday the weather was really bad, but today it's gotten better. Well! His Chinese is really not bad, huh? This pen of mine is broken. These tangerines have gone bad; we don't want them (throw them out). FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung (Gāoxióng) in southern Taiwan. Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (Xiao Hua is their daughter.) F: Zhèli fǔjìn you hěn duō fūzhuāng-diàn, women qù mǎi yīfu, hao bu hǎo? M: Hǎo. Nī xiǎng mǎi shénme? F: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi yìtiáo kùzi he Jījiàn chènshān. Wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi yíjiàn dàyī. M: Duì, nī chuānde zhèijiàn dàyī tài jiù le, wǒmen qù gěi ni mǎi jiàn xīnde. F: Nī yě xuyào mǎi yíjiàn xīn dàyī, shì bu shi? M: Duì le. Táiběide dōngtiān you shíhòu hěn lěng, women yào mǎi hòu yidiǎnde dàyī. Wǒ hái xūyào mǎi Jiàn yūyī, yě yào gěi Xiǎo Hua mǎi yìshuāng yǔxié. F: Ou,, hai yào mǎi jīshuāng tuōxié. M: Hǎo, wǒmen xiànzài jiù qù. There are a lot of clothing stores in this area; why don’t we go buy some clothes? All right. What would you like to buy? I’d like to buy a pair of slacks and a few shirts. I’d also like to buy an overcoat. Right, this overcoat you’re wearing is too old. Let’s go buy you a new one. You need to buy a new overcoat too, don’t you? Right. Winters in Taipei sometimes get very cold; we should buy heavier coats. I also need to buy a raincoat, and I want to buy a pair of rainboots for Xiǎo Hua, too. Oh, we should buy a few pairs of slippers, too. Okay, let’s go right now. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I An American of Chinese descent (M) has Here he talks with his cousin (F). F: Jīntiān xiàwǔ wǒmen qù mǎi dōngxi zěnmeyàng? M: Hǎo. Nī yào mǎi shénme? F: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi jījiàn yīfu, tiānqi nuǎnhuo le, xūyào mǎi bǎode chènshān he qūnzi. gone back to visit relatives in Běijīng How about going shopping this afternoon? Okay. What do you want to buy? I’d like to get a few clothes; the weather is warmer now, and I need to buy a lighter weight blouse and skirt. M: Wǒ yě xūyào mǎi yíjiàn                I also need to buy a shirt, and chènshān, wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi            I’d like to buy a cadre suit, yítào gànbufū.                          too. F: Nǐ yào mai gànbufú? Nà, women yìqǐ qù fúzhuāngdiàn. ōu, duì le, Běijīng Qī-Bāyuè cháng xià yǔ, nǐ you méiyou yǔxié, yǔsǎn? M: Wode yǔxié tài jiù le, yǔsǎn yě huài le, dōu děi mǎi xīnde le. F: Hǎo. You want to buy a cadre suit? Then we’ll go to the clothing store together. Oh, right, it often rains in Beijīng in July and August, do you have rain shoes and an umbrella? My rain shoes are too worn, and my umbrella is broken. I have to buy new ones of both. All right. PART II REFERENCE LIST 1U. Qǐngwèn, náli yǒu mài nèiyī nèikùde? 15. Zhèjiàn ji'ákè shi nílóngde, shi ba? 16. Jìntiān hěn lěng, nǐ bu dài màozi ma? 17. Wǒ nèidǐng pò màozi tài nánkàn le, wǒ bù xiǎng dài. 18. Nǐde wàzi gòu bu gòu? Wǒ gěi ni mǎi jǐshuāng. 19. A: Nǐ yào mǎi Jiákè háishi wàitào? B: Wǒ gěi wo xiānsheng mǎi jiákè, gěi wǒ zìjǐ mǎi wàitào. 20. Wǒ mǎile yìshuāng hēi yánsède píxié hé yitào shuìyī. Excuse me, where do they sell undershirts and underpants? This jacket is made of nylon, isn’t it? It’s cold today, aren’t you going to wear your hat? That old hat of mine looks awful, I don’t want to wear it. Do you have enough socks? I’ll buy you a few pairs. Do you want to buy a jacket or a coat? I want to buy a jacket for my husband and a coat for myself. I bought a pair of black shoes and a pair of pajamas. 21. A: Zhèli you ge shubāo, shi shéide? B: À, shi wǒde, w3 wàng le. 22. A: W3de máoyī pò le. B: Nà nī dǎi qù mǎi xīnde le. There’s a tote bag here; whose is it? Oh, it’s mine, I forgot it. My sweater is worn through/torn/ damaged. Then you have to go buy a new one REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II nèiyī, nèikù: Nèi means ’’inner." Nèikù means ’’underpants" (kù as in kùzi)~ Nèiyī means "underclothes" in general, but when contrasted with nèikù takes on the specific meaning "undershirt." The yī means "clothing, garment," as in yīfu. Jiākè: "jacket," a word borrowed from English. Jiākè refers only to Jackets cut above the waist; a suit Jacket would be wàitào (see note below). Also pronounced Jiakè. In Beijing, this word has an -r~ ending. nílong: "nylon," another borrowing from English. dài: "to put on, to don" a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, Jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one’s apparel. As with the verb chuān which you learned in Part I, when you use dài you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of "to wear" to the idea of "put on." For "Do you wear glasses?" you would say "Do you put on glasses?’’: Nī dài bu dài yǎnjìng?* For "She’s not wearing glasses" you would say "She didn’t put on glasses": Tā méi dài yǎnjìng. Contrast Tā bú dài màozi. OR She doesn’t wear hats. She won’t wear a hat. (HABIT) (INTENTION Tā méi dài màozi. (The translations OR OR given only cover She didn’t put on a hat. She didn’t wear a hat. She doesn’t have a hat on. some of the possible ones. Other aspect markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in progress Czài1, the marker for duration C-zhel, the marker for lack of change Cnel, etc., can be used to make more precise the meaning of a sentence.) -ding: The counter for màozi, "hat. ’’ Literally, -ding means "top." "yǎnjìng: "glasses" (counter: -fù) pò: "to be broken/damaged/torn/worn out” In pò màozi, ’’old/ worn/ tattered hat,” pò stands before a noun to modify it. Pò is also frequently used as a process verb, ”to break, to become damaged/torn/worn out.” Wǒ kànkan, nǐde jiākè shì bu Let me have a look,-has your shi pò le?                          jacket been torn/worn through? In Part I you learned huài, ”to go bad, to break.” Huài means that something becomes unusable or stops working, while pò means that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, break, etc. Jiù in Part I had for one possible translation ”to be worn,” but jiù and pō are quite different: jiù le means to have changed color or shape after a long period of time or use, whereas pò le means that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused by time, use, or accident. gòu: "to be enough" This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English "enough") before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with "enough" into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g. Do you have --- enough socks? I don’t have --- enough shirts There aren't --- enough rice bowls. ■» Are your socks enough? ■> Uy shirts aren't enough. ■> The rice bowls aren't enough. Nīde wàzi gòu bu gòu? Wǒde chènshān bú gòu. Fànwǎn bú gòu. wàitào: This word has two meanings: (1) "coat, overcoat," and (2) a "jacket" which extends below the waist, like a suit jacket. (A Jacket cut above the waist is jiākè.) zìjī: "oneself; myself, yourself, himself, etc." This is a special pronoun. It can be used by itself, or it can follow another pronoun like nī, wǒ, tā, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know -zhǒng, "kind," and for the last, you need to know zuò, "to make.") Mǎi yīfu, zuì hǎo mǎi zìjī xīhuande nèizhǒng. Nà shi wǒ zìjīde shi. Zhèi shi tā zìjī zuòde, bú shi mǎide. When buying clothes, it is best to buy the kind one likes oneself. That's my own business. She made this herself, it isn't (store-)bought. pixie: Western-style "leather shoes," a word commonly used where we would just say "shoes," since traditional Chinese shoes (bùxié) are made of cloth. shuìyi: "pajamas,” literally, "sleep-garment” This word can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. 1) For two-piece pajamas, that is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -tào, "set." (Although we say "a pair of pajamas" in English, you cannot use the counter -shuāng in Chinese. -Shuāng is only for things that match, like shoes.) 2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -Jiàn. shūbāo: "tote bag, carryall," literally, "book-sack." Although still used with the original meaning of a student’s "bookbag," shūbāo has now come to have a more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. EThere are other words for "tote bag," but shūbāo is so useful that you should learn it first. 3 wàng: "to forget; to forget to; Nǐ wàng le ba? Wǒ méi wàng. Wo wàng(le) qù le. Wǒ wàng(le) dài màozi le. Wǒ wàngle tā Jidiǎn zhōng lai. Wǒ wàngle tā j iào shénme mingzi. Wǒ wàngle wǒ Jintiān méi kè. to forget that" You've forgotten, haven’t you? No, I haven't forgotten. I forgot to go. I forgot to put on my hat. I forgot what time he is coming. I forgot what his name is. I forgot that I don’t have any classes today. máoyí: "sweater," literally, "woolen-garment." Nà, "in that case, then," is always used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example, Nà, wǒmen shénme shíhou qù?        Then, when shall we go? Nà ni děi qù mǎi xīnde le: The Inhere is optional. It stresses that having to go buy a new sweater is a new situation. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II Tianjin. In the home of two senior cadres, a husband (M) and wife (F) discuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.) F: Ni zuétiān bú shi shuō xiǎng        Didn't you say yesterday that qù mǎi nèiyi, nèikù ma?             you wanted to go buy undershirts and underpants? M: Shi a! Wǒ hái xiǎng mǎi Jiàn Yes! I also want to buy an wàitào.                                overcoat. F: Mǎi wàitàor a?! Nǐ nèijiàn xīn jiākè bù hǎo ma? M: Hěn hǎo, kěshi tiānqi yǐjīng kāishǐ liáng le, nèijiàn jiákè tài bǎo, wǒ xiǎng mǎi jiàn xīn wàitào. F: Nà women shénme shíhou qù? M: Ou, nǐ yě xiǎng qù a? F: Wǒ xiǎng qù mǎi yítào shuìyǐ, mǎi liǎngshuāng nílóng wàzi. M: Ou, hǎo, nà women xiànzài jiù qù, hǎo bu hǎo? F: Hǎo, nǐ chuān nèijiàn jiākè gòu bu gòu? Tiānqi hěn lěng a! M: Gòu le, wǒ hǎi chuānle mǎoyī ne. F: Ug, wǒde shūbāo ne? M: Nèige shūbāo shi bu shi? F: Bu shi, nà shi wǒ jiějiede. A! Zài zhèr! M: Hǎo le ba? F: Hǎo le, zǒu ba! Buy an overcoat?! Isn’t that new Jacket of yours good? It's very good, but the weather has already started to get cold, and that jacket is too light, so I'd like to get a new overcoat. Then when shall we go? Oh, you want to go too? I'd like to go buy a pair of pajamas and a couple of pairs nylon socks. Oh, all right, then let's go right now, okay? Okay. Will it be enough for you to wear that jacket? The weather is very cold! It's enough. I have a sweater on too. Huh, where's my tote bag? Is that tote bag it? No, that's my older sister's. Ah! Here it is! All set? All set. Let's go! NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE wǒde shūbāo ne?: Questions with ne frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, "Where is my tote bag?" SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II Taipei. Conversation between a husband F: Yīngmíng, xǐhuan wǒ jintiān gěi nǐ maide zhèdīng màozi ma? M: Duōshǎo qián maide? F: Bu guì a! Nǐ bù xǐhuan? M: Ou, hěn hǎo kàn. Nǐ shàngwǔ qù mai dōngxi la? F: Duì le. M: Ní hái mǎile shénme le? F: Wǒ gěi nǐ mǎile liǎngjiàn chènshān. Wǒ kàn nǐ nàjiàn lán yánsède máoyī pole, hái gěi ni mǎile liǎngjiàn máoyī. Yíjiàn shi huángde, yíjiàn shi lude. NǏ kàn. Xǐhuan ma? M: í5g, hěn hǎo kàn. Xièxie ni. F: Wǒ hái gěi Xiǎo Ming mǎile nèiyī, nèikù, he Jǐshuāng wàzi. M: Nǐ gěi zìjī mǎi shénme le? F: Wǒ zìjī mǎile yíjiàn Jiākè, yíjiàn wàitào, hái mǎile yìshuāng xié, yìshuāng hong yánsède píxié. M: Hái yǒu méiyou? F: Mm . . . méiyou le. M: Nà nǐ wàngle gěi wo mǎi shuìyī le ba? F: Ou! Wǒ wàng le! Wǒ míngtiān qù mǎi, hǎo bu hao? M: Hǎo. and wife. (Xiǎo Ming is their son.) Yīngmíng, do you like the new hat I bought for you today? How much did you pay for it? It wasn't expensive! You don't like it? Oh, it's nice. You went shopping this morning? Right. What else did you buy? I bought you two shirts. And since I saw that that blue sweater of yours is worn through, I also bought two sweaters for you. One is yellow and one is green. Look. Do you like them? They're very nice, Thank you. I also bought a few undershirts and underpants and a few pairs of socks for Xiǎo Ming. What did you buy for yourself? I bought myself a jacket and an overcoat, and I also bought a pair of shoes, a pair of red leather shoes. Anything else? Um . . . no. Then you forgot to buy pajamas for me, didn't you? Oh! I forgot! I'll go buy them tomorrow, all right? All right. REFERENCE LIST 22. Nǐ yào zuò shénmeyàngde yǐfu? 23. A: Wǒ yào zuò yíjiàn qipao. B: Nǐ yào zuò shénme liàozide? A: Nǐ shuō yòng shénme liàozi hǎo? B: Women zhèli you hěn duō zhǒng liàozi, nín xǐhuan nǎyizhǒng? 2k. A: Nǐ yào zuò shénme yàngzide? B: Wǒ xǐhuan wo shēnshang chuānde zhèijiàn. B: Nǐ kě bu kéyi zhào zhèige yàngzi zuò? 25. Wǒ gěi nín liáng chǐcùn, hǎo bu hǎo? 26. Nǐ kànkan zhèijiàn miǎn *ǎo héshì bu héshì. 27. xīzhuāng What kind of clothing do you want made? I want to have a cheongsam made. What material do you want it made from? What material do you think would be best to use? We have many different kinds of material here; which kind do you prefer? What style do you want it? I like the one I have on. Could you make it in this style? I’ll take your measurements, all right? See if this cotton-padded jacket fits you. Western-style clothes; Western-style suit REFERENCE NOTES zuò: "to make," but in the Reference List sentence it is used for "to have made." Zuò yǐfu has two possible meanings: "to make clothes" or "to have clothes made." The context will usually make clear which is meant. Zài Taiwan zuò yǐfu bù piǎnyi le. Having clothes made isn’t cheap in Taiwan any more. shénmeyàng: ’’what kind, like what” Nǐde dìtān shénmeyàngr?            What is your carpet like? Laide rén shénmeyàngr?             What did the person who came look like? Nǐ yàode dìtān shi shénmeyàngde? What kind of carpet is it that you want? Nǐde péngyou shi shénmeyàngde What kind of person is your friend? rén? qipao: A close-fitting woman’s dress with high Chinese collar and slit side, now called in English a ’’cheongsam,” from the Guangdong dialect name. Qí refers to the Manchurian nationality; páo means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name qipao comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam was originally worn hy Manchurian women. liàozi; ’’cloth, fabric, material” Nǐ shu5...: Literally, ’’You say...,” but often used as in this question to mean, "In your opinion" or "Do you think..." -zhSng: "kind, sort" Nǐde luxíng zhípiào shi na yizhǒngde? Nǐ qù nèizhěng dìfang zuò shénme? Zhèizhǒng júzi hěn guì. yàngzi: (1) "appearance," (2) Tāde yàngzi hěn hāo kàn. Kàn tā nèi yàngzi! Nǐ shuōde nèige dōngxi shi shénme yàngzide? Tāde qipāode yàngzi hěn bú cuò. Nǐde xīn yīfu shi shénme yàngzide? What kind are your traveler’s checks? » What did you go to that kind of place to do? This kind of tangerine is very expensive. "shape, form," (3) "style, design." Her appearance is very attractive. Look at his appearance! (i.e., "Get a load of him.") What does the thing you are talking about look like? The style of her cheongsam is quite nice. What’s the style of your new dress? shēnshang: ”on one’s body, on Tā shēnshang you yíjiàn lán dàyī. Wǒ shēnshang méiyou qián. Wode qián xiànzài dōu zài tā shēnshang. kě bu kéyi: another way to say zhào: ’’according to” Jiù zhào zhèige niàn. Jiù zhào zhèige páijià huàn ba! Wǒ Jiù zhào nǐde yìsi xie, hāo bu hǎo? liáng: "to measure" Nǐ gěi wo liángliang zhèikuài liàozi gòu bu gòu. one’s person" He has a blue overcoat on. I don’t have any money on me. He has all my money with him right now. kéyi bu kéyi. Just read it the way it is here (according to this). Just exchange it according to this exchange rate. I’ll just write it the way you want it written, all right? Measure this piece of cloth for me to see if there's enough. chǐcùn: "measurements," literally, "feet-inches." Also pronounced chǐcun (with cun in the neutral tone). mián'ǎo: "Chinese-style cotton-padded Jacket" héshì: "to fit; to be suitable, Zhèijiàn yifu hěn héshì, bú dà yě bù xiǎo. Nǐ chuān zhèige yánsè bú tài héshì, huàn (yi)jiàn biéde ba. to be appropriate This garment fits well, it’s neither too large nor too small. That color doesn't look right on you, try a different one FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III Běijǐng. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made. (B) is the tailor. A: Wǒ yào zuò Jǐjiàn yīfu.              I'd like to have some clothes made. B: Xing a. Nín yào zuò shénme-yàngrde yǐfu? A: Eng, wǒ yào zuò liǎngtào xīzhuāng, yítào chūntian chuānde, yítào dongtian chuānde. B: Hǎo. Women zhèr you hěn duō zhǒng liàozi. Nín xǐhuan zuò něizhǒng liàozide? Zhèizhǒng liàozi zuò chūntian chuānde xīzhuāng hěn hǎo kàn. Nín kànkan nín xǐhuan hu xǐhuan. A: 0, hěn hǎo kàn. Jiù zuò yítào zhèizhǒng liàozide ba. B: Nín kàn, zhèizhǒng liàozi zuò dōngtiān chuānde xīzhuāng zěnmeyàng? Bú cuò ba? Hěn nuǎnhuo. A: Liàozi hěn hǎo, kěshi wǒ bu tài xǐhuan zhèizhǒng yānsè. Nín you lǎn yánsède ma? B: You lǎn yánsède. Zhèige zěnmeyàng? A: Hǎo. Zhèige wǒ hěn xǐhuan. Xièxie ni. Okay, what kind of clothes do you want to have made? I’d like to have two Westernstyle suits made, one to wear in the spring and one to wear in the winter. All right. We have many kinds of cloth here. What kind of cloth do you like to wear? This kind of cloth would look very good as a spring suit. Take a look and see if you like it. Oh, it's very attractive. Make one suit of this cloth. What do you think of this cloth for the winter suit? Nice, isn’t it? It's very warm. The cloth is very good, but I don't like this color very much. Do you have this in blue? Yes, I do. How is this? Good. I like this very much. Thank you. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop A: Qǐngwèn, nīmen zhèli zuò bu zuo qípáo he mián'ǎo? B: Women zuò, zuò. A: Wǒ xiǎng yòng zhè liǎngkuài liàozi zuò yíjiàn qípáo hàn yíjiàn mián'ǎo. to have some clothes made. Do you make cheongsams and cotton, padded coats here? Yes, we do, we do. I'd like to use these two pieces of material to make a cheongsam and a cotton-padded coat. 'hàn; A common pronunciation in Taiwan for the character he, "and" or "with." B: Qípáo yào zuò chángde háishi duǎnde? A: Yào zuò chángde. B: Wo kànkan nǐde liàozi you duōshǎo ba. Zhèikuài kéyi zuò chángde. Nèikuài zhǐ kéyi zuò duande. A: Nà Jiù yòng nèikuài zuò mián’ǎo, yòng zhèikuài zuò qípáo. Kéyi ba? B: Kéyi, kéyi. Nèikuài liàozi zuò mián’ǎo hěn héshì. Qípáo yào zuò shénme yàngzide? A: Wo xǐhuan wǒ shēnshang chuānde zhèijiàn. Ní kě bu kéyi zhào zhèijiànde yàngzi zuò? M: Kéyi. Xiànzài wǒ gěi ni liáng chlcùn, hǎo bu hǎo? Do you want the cheongsam long or short? Long. Let me have a look at how much material you have. With this piece you can make a long one. With that piece you can only make a short one. Then use that piece to make the cotton-padded coat and use that piece to make the cheongsam. Will that be all right? Sure. That piece of material is very suitable for making a cotton-padded coat. What style do you want the cheongsam? I like the one I have on. Can you make it according to the style of this one? Yes. Now I’ll take, your measurements, okay? báo to be thin; to be light (of clothing) cháng chènshān chǐcùn (chǐcùn) chuān to be long shirt, blouse measurement; size to put on, to wear dài to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, jewelry, etc.) dàyī -dǐng overcoat (counter for hats) fúzhuāngdiàn clothing store gànbufú gòu cadre suit to be enough hàn he héshì hòu and (Taiwan pronunciation) and to fit; to be suitable to be thick; to be heavy (of clothing) huài to be bad; to go bad, to break Jiákè(r) OR jiākè(r) -jiàn jacket (counter for clothing) kùzi (yìtiāo) pants liáng liàozi to measure material, fabric maoyī màozi (yìdīng) mián’āo sweater hat cotton-padded jacket nà nèikù nèiyī then, in that case underpants underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (when used in contrast to nèikù, underpants) nílóng nylon pixie PÒ leather shoes to be worn out; to break, to tear qípáo close-fitting woman’s dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam qù qúnzi to go skirt shénmeyàng shēnshang -shuāng shūbāo shuìyī (yítào) like what, what kind on one’s body pair book bag, tote bag, carryall pajamas; nightgown -tào -tiāo (counter for suits, sets of things) (counter for long, winding things; counter for pants, translated ’’pair”) tuōxié slippers wàitào(r) coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) wàng wàzi to forget socks xie xīzhuāng shoe Western-style clothes; Western-style suit xūyào to need, to require yàngzi appearance; shape, form; style, yào design; pattern should; must; it is necessary, to need to yifu yòng yǔxié yǔyí clothes to use rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes raincoat zhào -zhǒng zìjī zuò according to kind, sort self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.) to make; to have made PART I REFERENCE LIST Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 Hair Care 1. Jīntiān wo you shi, qing ni kuài yidiǎn jiǎn. 2. A: Jiǎn duǎn yidiǎn ma? B: Bú yào jiǎn tài duǎn, liú cháng yidiǎn. 3. Liǎngbiān jiǎn duǎn yidiǎn. 4. Gòu duǎn le. 5. Wǒ yào xi tǒu. 6. Wǒ bú yào you. 7. Hái you tǒufa, bù shūfu, qíng ni nòng gānj ing yidiǎn. 8. Qing gei wǒ guā yíxià húzi. 9. Ni yào chuí bèi ma? 10. Ni yào ànmǒ ma? 11. Nimen zhèli you cā píxiéde ma? 12. liú húzi 13. li fà 14. lifàdiàn/lifàguǎn I have things to do today, please cut Cmy hair! faster. Do you want it cut short? Don’t cut it too short, leave it a little long. Cut the sides a little shorter. It's short enough now. I want a shampoo. I don’t want any (hair) oil. There's still some hair Ce.g., on my neck! and it’s uncomfortable; please clean it up a little. Give me a shave, please. (Literally, "Please shave the beard for me.") Do you want your back pounded? Do you want a massage? Can I get a shoeshine here? to grow a beard to have a haircut barbershop REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I you shi: "to be occupied, to have something to do," literally, "to have business." Nǐ xiànzài you shì ma? Mei shì. Are you busy now? No, I’m not busy. jian: "to cut (with a scissors), to clip, to trim" Chinese has several different words for English "to cut" depending on the method of cutting. Jian only refers to cutting with a scissors or clipper. bú yào: "don’t" In Transportation Module, Un t 3, you learned bié for "don’t" in negative commands. Bu yào means the same thing. liǎngbiān: "two sides, both sides" In English it is enough to say just "the sides" and to add "two" or "both" seems superfluous, but liǎng is necessary in Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as does the £ in English, "the sides_." Gou duǎn le: "it’s short enough now" There are two things to notice in this short sentence: (1) In English we say "short enough," but in Chinese you say literally "enough short"; in other words, gòu is used as an adverb to modify the adjectival verb duǎn. (2) le here indicates a new state of affairs: before, the hair wasn’t short enough, but now it is. Thus le can be rendered into English by the word "now." xǐ tóu: "to wash the hair" Tóu is literally "head," but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most Chinese barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and you would not have to specify that you want one. (Xǐ tou is translated as "to shampoo." Liquid shampoo is called xǐfàjǐng, "wash-hair-essence.") Notice that Wǒ yào xǐ tóu has been translated idiomatically as "I want a shampoo," although literally xǐ tóu is a verb-object "to wash the head." Many Chinese phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who performs the action. You might have been tempted to translate Wǒ yào xǐ tóu as "I want to wash the hair," but in this context the sentence actually means "I want to have (my) hair washed," that is, by someone else (the barber). The context should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example: Wǒ qù xǐ yifu. I am going to wash clothes. OR I am going to have clothes washed. Usually you won’t have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the situaticr. or other things the speaker says will make it clear. you: Literally, "oil," this word may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis). The specific word for "hair oil" is fàyóu or tóuyóu. Hai you tóufa...: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and say this sentence. shūfu: ”to be comfortable; to feel good" Zhèige yìzi zhēn shūfu.            This chair is really comfortable. Zhèige xiǎo fēng hǎo shūfu a! This breeze ("little wind") feels so good Bù shūfu can either mean "to be uncomfortable" or "not to be well," that is, to feel ill. A: Wáng Xiáojie wèishenme Jintiān méi lái? B: Tā Jintiān bù shūfu. Why didn’t Miss Wáng come today? She doesn’t feel well today. nòng: An extremely versatile verb because it has such a general meaning: "to do/manage/handle/make." Nòng often substitutes for a more specific verb. Also pronounced long or nèng. WS qù nòng fan. Wo qù nòng nèige. W8 zìjī nòng ba. Bié nòng nèixie shìqing. Tā nòngle hen duō qián. I’ll go get the meal ready. I’ll go take care of that. Let me de it myself. Don’t mess around with that sort of thing. He came up with a lot of money. But in the Reference List sentence, nòng is used in an even more common way, meaning "to make (someone/someth!ng a certain way)" or "to get (someone/ something into a certain condition)." Other examples: nònggānjing: "to make/get something clean" nònghuài: "to break, to put out of order, to ruin" nòngpò: "to tear, to break" guā húzi: "to shave", literally, "to scrape the beard." The verbobject phrase guā húzi, like xl tóu in Reference List Sentence No. 5, may be translated in either of two ways depending on the context: either "to shave (someone)" or "to have someone shave oneself." gěi wS guā húzi: "shave me" Gěi is the prepositional verb meaning "for."When you have a verb-object phrase like guā húzi you indicate the person upon whom the action is performed by using a gěi phrase. Qīng ni gěi wo xl tóu. Please wash my hair for me (i.e., give me a shampoo). chuí bèi: "to pound (someone’s) back" as in massage. Farbers in China often provide this service after the haircut. Here once again, chuí bèi is a verb-object phrase with the same ambiguity as xǐ tou and guā húzi: it may mean "to pound someone’s back" or "to have one’s back pounded. Again, the context determines the interpretation. When the barber asks you Nǐ yào chuí bèi ma?, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his. ànmó: This is the noun "massage." In recent years, an increasing number of barbershops in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and a few in the TRC have added massage to their list of services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic massage. cā pixie: "to shine shoes/to have one’s shoes shined" (Cā is literally, "to wipe, to rub.") Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer of the action. Also note that Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no noun corresponding to English "a shoeshine." The translation of the Reference List sentence using "a shoeshine" is idiomatic. Literally the sentence means, "is there someone who shines shoes here?" Cā píxiéde is a noun phrase meaning "someone who shines shoes, a shoeshiner." liú húzi: "to grow a beard," literally liú, "to leave, to let be," and húzi "beard, mustache." FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I Taipei. A Chinese man (A) walks into a barbershop and sits down in a barber’s chair. The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C. B: Jiǎnduǎn yidiǎn ma? A: Bù, wǒ yào liú cháng yidiǎn. B: Hǎo. A: Nǐmen zhèli you méiyou cā píxiéde? B: You, you. È, zhèwèi xiānshēng yào cā píxié, kuài lai.’ C: Hǎo.’ Do you want it a little shorter? I want to leave it a little long. All right. Do you have someone who shines shoes here? Yes, we do. (to the shoeshine boy) Hey, this gentlemen wants to have his shoes shined, come quickly! Okay! (Ten minutes later) B: Xiānshēng, nī kànkan hòubian zěnmeyang, hái yào bu yào zài jian yìdiǎn? A: Bu yào le, hòubian hěn hǎo. Liǎngbiān me... B: Liǎngbiān chángle yidiǎn? A: Liǎngbiān yě hěn hǎo. Jiù zhèyangzi ba! B: Hǎo. (A few minutes later) B: Gěi nī chuí yíxià bèi zěnmeyàng? A: Bú bì le. Sir, take a look at how the back is, do you want more off? No, the back is fine. As for the sides... The sides are a little long? The sides are okay, too. Just leave it this way. Pound your back for you? That’s not necessary. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE Liangbiān me.■.: me indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. It is translated here by the words "as for." SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I A barbershop in Běijīng. An American goes into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and he are already acquainted. B: Hèi! Nín zhè tóu3 gòu chángde le! A: Zhèiliǎngge yuè tài máng, méi shíjiān na! Duǎn yidiǎnr ba! B: Xing a! Hey, this hair of yours is getting awfully long! I've been two busy the past couple of months, I haven't had any time! Cut it short for me, okay? Sure! B: Zhèi hòubianr gòu duǎn le, liǎngbiānr zěnmeyàng? Duo liú yidiǎnr hao bu hǎo? A: Bu yào liú le, nín jiù jian ba. B: Xiàr.zài zěnmeyàng? A: Bu cuò.'4 B: Nà, dào nèibianr zuò, wǒ gěi nín xī tóu. A: Hǎo. B: Yào diǎnr you ma? A: Bu yào, bú yào. B: Guāgua húzi ba? A: Bú yòng le, duo xiè nín, húzi wo zìjī guā ba! Nín gěi wo bǎ tóufa nònggānjingle jiu xíng le. B: Hao. Xiànzài shūfu le ba? A: Shūfu duo le. Xièxie nín! B: Bú kèqi. It's short enough in back. How about the sides? How about leaving them a little long? Don't leave them long, just cut them. How is it now? Pretty good! Then, have a seat over there and I'll give you a shampoo. All right. Want some oil? No, I don't. How about a shave? That's not necessary, thank you. I'll shave myself! Just clean up the hairs for me and that will be all right. Okay, does that feel better? Much better. Thank you! You're welcome. PART II REFERENCE LIST 15. A: Míngtiān w3 yào zuò toufa, wǒ xūyào yùyuē ma? B: Bù xūyào, wǎnshàng bādiǎn zhōng yīqián lái jiù méi wèntí. 16. A: NǏ yào jiǎn duōshǎo? B: Wǒ yào jiǎn wufēn. 17. Hǎishi you diǎn chang. 18. Yào bu yao shìyishi liu cháng yidiǎn? Wǒ xiǎng yídìng hǎo kàn. 19. Wǒ xiǎng tàng toufa. 20. A: Nī yào juǎn toufa ma? B: Bu yào, chuīgǎn Jiù kéyi le. 21. shū tóu I want to have my hair done tomorrow; do I need to make an appointment? No. If you come before eight in the evening there won’t be any problem. How much do you want cut off? I want five fēn cut off. It’s still a little long. Do you want to try leaving it a little longer? I’m sure it will look good. I’d like to get a permanent. Do you want to have your hair curled? No, Just blow-dry it and that will be fine. to comb/brush one’s hair problem,” méi wèntí can also "be used to assure someone that you are extending a favor gladly. Ke bu kéyi qǐng ni gěi wo wen zhèijiàn shì? Mei wèntí. Could you please ask about this matter for me? No problem. fēn: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly more than 1/8 of an inch. Fēn originally meant ’’one tenth.” You have also seen it meaning "one cent" (1/10 of a dime, mao). As a unit of length, fēn is one tenth of a Chinese inch (cùn). We have drawn a ruler marking off cùn ("inches”) and fēn so that you can contrast it with our American (British) inch. cùn fēn 2                    3 ■J------------- English inches you diǎn: Used before a state verb, you (yì)diǎn means "a little, slightly," as in: you yìdiǎn rè                 a little hot you yìdiǎn nan                a little difficult The use of you yìdiǎn deserves your special attention, since English speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying yìdiǎn nan (which is incorrect) for "a little difficult" instead of the correct form ySu yìdiǎn nan. Remember to put in that you.* shìyishi: "to try, to give it a try" Shì is "to try” in the sense of "to experiment." It does not mean "try" in the sense of "to make an effort" to do something. yídìng: "certainly, surely, for sure, definite(ly)” Literally, sentence 18 means ”ī think it will surely be good-looking," which can be translated more smoothly as "I’m sure it will look good." The phrase "I’m sure ..." will often translate into Chinese as Wǒ xiǎng . . . yídìng . . . , for example: Wǒ xiǎng nǐ yídìng xǐhuan.         I’m sure you’ll like it. Wǒ xiǎng tā yídìng lai.            I’m sure he’ll come. tàng toufa; "to get a permanent” The use of the verb tàng for ”to get a permanent” has an interesting background and shows how Chinese adapts words already in the language rather than borrow from other languages. Tàng originally meant (and still does) ”to scald” or ”to apply heat to" something. For example, tàng yǐfu means "to iron clothes." The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in Beijing (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called diàn tàng, "electric permanent." After the introduction of chemical permanents, the verb tàng continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical permanents are called lěng tàng, "cold permanent." juǎn: "to curl, to roll up" You will find this verb used in many contexts, not Just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose word for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, and building materials. CCurly hair is Juǎnfà, straight hair is zhífà.1 chuǐgān: "to blow-dry" Chui is "to blow, to puff" and gān is the adjec-tival verb "to be dry." These two verbs used together to form a compound which indicates both the action and the result: "to blow until dry" or "to blow with the result that (something) becomes dry." Chuǐgān and the English word "blow-dry," look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word "blow" and Just say "to dry someone's hair," whereas in Chinese you cannot use gān to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with gān in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, cāgān means "to wipe (something) dry." FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II A Canadian woman (C) walks into the Beijing Hotel hairdresser's. First she talks with the cashier in front (A). Later the hairdresser (B) calls her. C: Jintiān rén zhème duo, wǒ míngtiān zài lai ba. Qǐng wen, wǒ kě bu kéyi yùyuē? A: Bu bì yùyuē, nín děng shífēn zhōng Jiù you dìfang le. There are so many people today. I'll just come back tomorrow. May I ask, can I make an appointment? No need to, there will be a seat if you Just wait ten minutes. B: Qǐng zuò. Nín xiang zěnme zuò? Yào bu yao Jian duan yidiǎnr? Have a seat, please. How would you like it done? Do you want it cut a little shorter? C: Wǒ xiǎng wǒde toufa you yidiǎnr cháng le, zuì hǎo JiǎnyiJiǎn. B: Jiǎn duōshao? Wǔfēnr gòu bu gou? C: Wǔfēnr? ’’Wǔfēnr" shi shénme yìsi? B: 0, wǔfēnr jiù shi zhème yidiǎnr. C: Ou, jiǎn wǔfēnr hǎo. B: Hǎo, women xiān gěi nín xǐ tǒu, Jiǎnduǎn, ránhòu zài zuò. C: Hǎode. B: Nín yào tàng háishi yào Juǎn? B: Wǒ bù xǐhuan tàng, jiù juǎn-yijuǎn hǎo le. B: Hǎo, jiù juǎnyijuǎn, chuīgǎn. You shihour tàng toufa ye hěn hǎo kàn. Xiàyicì nín kéyi shìyishi. C: Hǎo, xiàcì wǒ shìyishi. I think my hair is a little long, I’d better have it cut a little. How much? Is five fen enough? Five fen? What does ’’five fen” mean? Oh, five fen is this much. (Holds her thumb and index finger five fen apart.) Oh, (it would be good to) cut off five fen. All right, first we’ll give you a shampoo and cut, and then set it. Fine. Do you want to have a permanent or do you want to have it curled? I don’t like permanents. Just curl it a little. Okay, I’ll just curl it and blow-dry. Sometimes a permanent looks very good, too. Next time you can try . one. Okay, next time I’ll give it a try. (Afterwards, the woman gets up and the the front of the shop.) B: Xǐ tóu yíkuài qián, jiǎn tǒu yíkuài wǔ, Juǎn fà wǔ kuài wǔ, chuīgǎn yíkuài wǔ, o, yígòng shi jiǔkuài wǔmáo qián. C: Zhèr shi shíkuài, bú yòng zhǎo le. B: Bù, zhǎo nín wǔmáo qián. C: Zàijiàn. B: Zàijiàn. barber takes her to the cashier at A dollar for a shampoo, a dollar and a half for a cut, five fifty for the set, a dollar and a half for blow drying, urn, altogether that’s nine fifty. Here’s ten dollars, keep the change. No, here’s fifty cents change. Good-bye. Good-bye. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. This is why the barber insists on giving the woman her change. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II Taipei. A woman student about to have hairdresser. A: Xiǎojiě, nǐ yào zuò shénme yàng-zide tou? B: Wǒ méiyou zuòguo tóufa, měicì dōu shi xǐyixǐ, JiǎnyiJiǎn, chuīgān Jiu hǎo le. A: Zhèicì yào bu yào shìyishi ne? B: Wǒ xiǎng wǒ juǎn tóufa dàgài bù hǎo kàn. (A shows B a photograph.) A: Xiǎojiě, nǐ kàn, zhège yàngzi hěn hǎo kànde, zhǐ juǎn yìdiǎndiǎn, nǐ yào bu yào shì yíxià? B: Hǎo, wǒ shì yíxià. A: Wǒ xiǎng nǐ yídìng xǐhuan. . . . . Nà wǒ jiù bù jian le, tóufa chǎng yidiǎn zuòde hǎo kàn. B: Hǎo, xièxie ni. her hair done is talking with the What style do you want it, Miss? I’ve never had my hair done before, every time I’ve Just had it washed, cut and blow-dried, and that’s it. Would you like to try this time? I think I probably wouldn't look good with my hair curled. Miss, look, this sample is very pretty. It’s only a little curled. Would you like to give it a try? Okay, I’ll give it a try. I’m sure you’ll like it. . . . Well, then, I won’t cut it. The set will look better if the hair is a little long. Thank you. A: Bu kèqi.                              You’re welcome. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE hěn hǎo kànde: The -de here means "that's how it is." This usage is typical of southern dialects. yìdiǎndiǎn: "a very little bit", less than yìdiǎn. Unit 3, Vocabulary ànmó massage bú yào don’t cā chuí bèi chuigān to rub, to wipe to pound (someone’s) back to blow-dry (with a dryer) fēn one tenth of a Chinese inch (cùn) gānjing guā guā húzi to be clean to scrape to shave (the beard) húzi beard OR mustache Jiān JuSn to cut (with scissors) to curl, to roll up liǎngbiān liú both sides, two sides to remain, to stay; to keep, to save; liú húzi to grow, to let grow; to leave to grow a beard or mustache mei wèntí no problem nòng nòng gānjing to do, to handle, to manage, to make to clean up shi shì(yi)shi shūfu shū tou to try to give it a try to be comfortable to brush or comb hair tàng toufa to get a permanent hair (on the head) wèntí question, problem xl xl tou to wash to shampoo, to get a shampoo yídìng you you shi certainly, surely, for sure oil, grease to be occupied, to be busy, to have things to do you (yì)diǎn yùyuē a little bit, somewhat to make an appointment (PRC) zuò toufa to do one’s hair, to have one’s hair done H3 Personal Welfare Module, Unit U In the Home PART I REFERENCE LIST 1. Yǎnjìng gēn zhǐpiàoběn dōu dài le. I have both my glasses and checkbook with me (on me). 2 Xiǎoběnzi zài wo xīzhuāng kǒudàili. My notebook is in my suit pocket. 3. Zhàoxiàngjí zài xiāngzili. My camera is in the suitcase. 1*. Nǐ dàile yíge lùyǐnjǐ, duì bu duì? You have a tape recorder with you, don’t you? 5. Wǒ méi dài shǒushi lai. I didn’t bring any Jewelry with me. 6. Nǐ bǎ nǐ dàide dōngxi dōu xiě zai shēnbàodānshang le ma? Did you write everything you have with you on your declaration? 7. ; Wǒ dàile èrshijuǎn lùyǐndài. I have twenty reels of recording tape with me. 8. Wǒ zhīdao hěn dūo Zhōngguo fùnu bú dài shǒushi, suoyi wǒ yě méi dài shǒushi lai. I knew that a lot of Chinese women don’t wear jewelry, so I didn’t bring any either. 9. Qing nǐ bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wo kànkan. Please open your suitcase and let me take a look. 10. Méi shi le. Everything is all right OR There's no further business. 11. Nǐ yào dàide dōngxi dōu yùbei-hǎo le ma? Have you got all the things you want to take with you ready? 12. zhīpiào check (as in personal check) “REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I yanjìng; ’’eyeglasses" Don’t mix this up with yǎnjìng, "eye." In Běijīng speech these words are pronounced yǎnjìngr ("eyeglasses") and yǎnjing ("eye"), keeping them even more distinct from each other. zhipiàoběn: ’’checkbook" Zhípiào is a "check," literally "pay-ticket." Běn(r) is a booklet. dài: "to bring" This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2, dài, "to wear, to put on (glasses, gloves, a hat, a wristwatch, jewelry, etc.)." They are different words, however, written With different characters ( for "to bring" and for "to wear"). The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say "l have . . . with me" or "ī have ... on me" when Chinese says literally, "l have brought w xiǎoběnzi: "notebook," literally "small book." In Reference List sentence No. 2, xiǎoběnzi is translated specifically as "address book." Actually the word is more neutral in meaning ("notebook, booklet"), but picks up the specific translation from the context. xiāngzi: "box, trunk, case" Xiāngzi corresponds to the English "suitcase, " while xíngli is the equivalent of "luggage." shēnbàodān: "declaration form" Shēnbào is the verb "to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs. ’’ Dan is the noun meaning "bill, list, note." xiě zai shēnbàodānshang: "write it on the deci'- .icn form" Notice that the place phrase (zài . . . shang) is placed alter the verb here, rather than in its usual place before the verb. When the location tells where the result of the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the verb (a position where other "results" also show up). Compare these two sentences: Zài zhuōzishang xiě zì.             Write (with paper) on the desk. Bu yào xiě zai zhuōzishang!        Don’t write on the desk! (Said to a child making marks on the table.) fùnu: "women& womankind" This the term for "women" in the general sense. The term nurén is less polite and more biological: "female." (in Taiwan, fùnú refers only to married women. Nude may be used for "women, woman. ’’) Wo zhidao hen duo Zhongguo funu bu dai shoushi, suoyi wo ye mei dai shǒushi lai: The first verb dài means "to wear," and the second verb dai is "to bring with one." bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wo kànkan: "open the suitcase for me to take a look" or "open the suitcase and let me take a look." You have learned gěi as a main verb "to give" and as a prepositional verb meaning "for" (Qìng ni gěi wo huànhuan, "Please change it for me"). In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see gěi used in a longer type of sentence. Compare the following examples: bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi wǒ kànkan open the suitcase for me to take a look niàn gěi women tīngting            read it aloud for us to listen mai nèidíng màozi gěi tā dài       buy that hat to give to her to wear zuò nèige diǎnxīn gěi háizi chī    make that pastry for the child to eat When gěi comes after the verb, it can mean either "to give" or "for, let." For example, Bǎ nèiběn shǔ náchulai gěi wo kànkan could mean either "Take out the book and (actually) give it to me to look at,"  OR "Take out the book for me to see (show it to me, not necessarily hand it to me)."  The context will help you decide which is meant; often, only one will make sense. CAUTION: Although gěi is sometimes idiomatically translated as "to let," you should not take this to mean that English "to let" may always be trans lated into Chinese with gěi. There is a very limited correspondence between "let" and gěi. Usually you will translate "to let" as rang, which is introduced in Unit 6, Part III, of this module. Méi shi le: "Everything is all right now" OR "There's no further business." Here, this means "Now that I’ve looked over your suitcase I find that there isn't anything further we need to take up." yùbeihǎo le: "prepared" You have already learned the word zhǔnbèi, "to prepare, to get ready" or "to plan to." Yùbei is a close synonym. Yùbeihǎo or zhùnbèihǎo both mean "to get all ready." The ending -hǎo on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I An American woman is going M: NĪ bǎ ni dàide dōngxi dōu xiě zai shēnbàodānshang le ma? F:   Dou xiě le. M: Nī dàile yíge zhàoxiàngjī, yíge lùyīnjī, yíge shōuyīnjī, duì bu dui? F: Duì le. through customs in Guǎngzhōu (Canton). Did you write everything you have with you on your declaration? Yes, I wrote everything. You have a camera, a tape recorder and a radio with you, don't you? Right. M:   Nǐ dàile duōshao lùyǐndài? F:   Wǒ dàile èrshijuǎn. M:   Nǐ dàile shǒushi méiyou? F:   Wǒ zhīdao hěn duō Zhōngguo fùnu bú dài shǒushi, suóyi wǒ yě méi dài shǒushi lai. M:   Nǐ dàile duōshao Měijǐn? F:   Wǒ dàile sānqiān wùbǎikuài. M:   Qǐng ni bǎ xiāngzi dǎkai gěi women kànkan. F:   Hǎo. M:   Hǎo. Xièxie ni. Méi shi le. Nǐ kéyi zǒu le. How much tape do you have with you? I have twenty reels with me. Do you have any jewelry with you? I knew that many Chinese women don’t wear jewelry, so I didn’t bring any jewelry either. How much American money do you have with you? I have three thousand five hundred dollars. Please open your suitcase and let us take a look. Certainly. Okay, thank you. Everything is all right. You may go now. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking on a trip. F:   Nǐ yào dàide dōngxi dōu yùbeihǎo le meiyou? M:   Wǒ xiǎng wǒ dōu yùbeihǎo le. Yǎnjìng gēn zhǐpiàoběn dōu dài le. Xiǎoběnzi zài wo xīzhuǎng kǒudài lǐmiàn. F:   Nǐ shuō nǐ yào zhào xiàng. Nǐ dài zhàoxiàngjī le meiyou? M:   Wǒ dài le. Zài xiāngzili. just before the husband is to leave Have you got all the things you want to take with you ready? I think I have them all ready. I have my glasses and my checkbook with me. My address book is in my suit pocket. You said you wanted to take pictures. Do you have your camera with you? Yes. It’s in my suitcase. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE *zhào xiàng: ’’to take photographs’’ (WLF 6) PART II REFERENCE LIST 1U. Nǐ zhù fángzi háishi gōngyù? 15. Zhèige fángzi yígòng you jlge fángjiān? 16. Zhèige fángzi you sānjiān wòshì. 17. W3 dài ni kànkan. 18. Women ba fángzi zūchuqu le. 19. Wǒmen xiān dào kètǐng zuò yíxià, he diǎn chá. 20. Zhèige fángzi hǎoxiàng hěn dà. 21. Zènme dàde fángzi, gǎo wèishēng hěn máfan ba? 22. Píngcháng Xiao Lan gēn wo yìqǐ shōushi wūzi. 23. Women dào fàntíng chī fàn qu ba. 2U. Wo shi zìjǐ zuò fàn. 25. chúfáng 26. xǐzaofáng 27• shūfáng 28. wòfáng Do you live in a house or an apartment building? How many rooms does this house/ apartment have? This house/apartment has three bedrooms. I’ll take you and show you. We rented out the house/apartment. Let’s first go and sit in the living room and drink some tea. This house/apartment seems very large It must be a bother to do the cleaning with such a large house. Usually Xiao Lán straightens up the place (rooms) with me. Let’s go to the dining room and eat. I do my own cooking. kitchen bathroom study, library (of a house) bedroom (alternate word for wòshì) REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II gōngyù: "apartment building," literally "public residence" In the PRC, the word gōngyù is seldom used (only in the names of some buildings, and in technical contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. "Apartment building" may be translated as either gōngyù or gōngyùlōu. Gōngyù is sometimes used for an "apartment." Nǐmende gōngyù you jíjiān          How many rooms does your apartment fángjiān?                          have? But you would use dānyuán, "unit,” not gōngyù, for ’’apartment” in Zhèige gōngyùlóu you duō-          How many apartments are there shao dānyuán?                      in this apartment building? Although an apartment-dweller will usually refer in English to his ’’apartment,” in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their fángzi. In other words, any type of residence—house or apartment—can be called a fángzi. Use the word gōngyù when you need to distinguish clearly between ’’apartment" and "house. -Jiǎn: This is the counter for rooms. Don’t confuse it with the falling tone -jian, the counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2. dài: This is the verb you learned meaning "to bring (along), to take (along).’’ Here it is used with the extended meaning of "to take" or "lead" someone to a place. Wǒ dài ni qù. I’ll take you there. Xiàwu qing ni dài háizi dào gōngyuán qu wánr. In the afternoon, please take the children to the park to play. zūchuqu: "to rent out" The verb zū by itself means "to rent" in the opposite direction, that is, to rent something from the owner. Contrast: Wǒ bǎ fángzi zūchuqu le. I rented out the house. Wǒ zūle yige fángzi. I rented a house (to live in). kètīng: "living room," literally, "guest-hall." dào kètīng zuò yíxià: "go to the living room and sit a while" This is roughly the equivalent of dào kètīng qù zuò yíxià. The verb qù is sometimes omitted after a dào phrase when the meaning of "go" does not need to be emphasized. hē chá: "to drink tea" This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is not simply the taking of a beverage, either. Hē chá, in a social setting means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. We cannot do justice to the topic in this small note. Let us Just leave you with two tips: 1. Except with close friends, don’t turn down a cup of tea when offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of communication as it is a beverage. 2. Don’t ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant ordering it, lemon and milk will most likely be unavailable. It is a double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure tea. hǎoxiàng; ”to seem, it seems as if” Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb phrase. Tā haoxiàng bù dong. He seemed not to understand. OR He didn’t seem to understand. Nǐ hǎoxiàng bú tài xǐhuan zhèige fāngzi. You don’t seem to like this house too much. Nǐ hǎoxiàng zài xiǎng shénme shi. You seem to be thinking about something. Tā gēge hǎoxiàng chǎngchāng shēng bìng. His older brother seems to get sick very often. Hǎoxiàng is sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situation is so, but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, hǎoxiàng is best translated as "it seems to me that . . ."or "l think . . ."or "l seem to remember . . . ." Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same. Wǒ hǎoxiàng zài nǎr kànjianguo zhèige zì. It seems to me I’ve seen this character somewhere before. Nǐ hǎoxiàng gàosuguo wo zhèijiàn shìqing. I seem to remember your telling me about this before. Zài nèige shíhou, tā hǎoxiàng hái zhù zài Jiāzhōu. At that time, he was still living in California, I think. Mǎiguo hǎoxiàng méiyou zhèige duì bu dui? It seems to me you don’t have this in America, do you? gǎo wèishēng: "to. clean," literally "to do sanitation" This is an expression used in the PRC. The verb gǎo, "to do," originally a word found in southern dialects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standard Chinese, even in Běijǐng. In Taiwan, gǎo does not have as wide a usage as in the PRC, where many new expressions have been created since 19^9 using this ve1 b. máfan: "to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient" In the Money module, you learned the verb máfan for "to bother, to incon-venience (someone)," as in Mafan nǐ le, "Sorry to trouble you." Here you learn máfan as an adjectival verb. Nà tài máfan le. That’s too much trouble Zhen máfan. What a bother. pingcháng: "usually, generally, ordinarily" Like other two-syllable time words, pingcháng may come before or after the subject, but always before the verb. Pingcháng women dōu zài kètīng kàn diànshì.                      We usually watch television in Women pingcháng dōu zài kètíng       the living room, kàn diànshì. Wǒ pingcháng Jiǔdiǎn zhong cái I don’t usually get off work xià ban.                             until nine o’clock. shōushi: "to straighten up, to tidy up (a place)" or "to put away, to put in order, to clear away (things)." Use shōushi when you’re talking about neatening up a place, use gǎo wèishēng when you’re talking about soap and water cleaning in the PRC land gǎo qingjié "to (soap and water) clean" in Taiwan!. Tā hǎoxiàng you bànnián méi shōushi wūzi le. It looks as if he hasn't picked up his place in half a year. NÍ kuài yìdiǎnr shōushi xíngli, women yào zǒu le. Pack your things quickly, we want to leave. wūzi and fángjiān: Both of these words means "room, chamber." Wūzi is seldom used in Taiwan, however. For rooms in public places, like hotels, use fángj iān rather than wūzi. fànting: "dining room," literally "meal-hall." chi fàn: "to eat," literally "eat food." Fan is literally, "cooked rice," but in the expression chi fàn it refers to food in general or a meal. This is another example of a verb plus general object, like niàn shū, "to study" or shuō huà "to speak." (See BIO, Unit 7.) This verb chí may, of course, be followed by a specific object such as pingguǒ, "apples," as in: Wǒ chile yíge píngguǒ.              I ate an apple. But if you mean "eat" in the sense of "to eat food" or "to have a meal," then you should use the general object fan: Nǐ chi fan le meiyou?              Have you eaten? (Have you eaten a meal?) Tā zuì ài chi fan.                  He loves to eat most of all. zuò fan: "to cook," literally "to make food." This is another verbgeneral object combination. As with chi fan, the verb alone may be used with more specific objects. chúfáng: "kitchen," literally "kitchen-room." xǐzǎofáng: "bathroom" This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily a room with a toilet. Xǐzǎo, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means "to take a bathT” Remember, if you want to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the cèsuǒ, "toilet;" or use the polite Westernized term, xǐshǒujiān, "washroom." In rural areas, you would ask where the cèsuǒ is. In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usually have the toilet in the same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings built during the 1950’s may have a room with a bathtub in the apartment. Apartment buildings built since then usually only include a toilet and sink in each apartment, and no bathtub. You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is. Many people even consider it polite to put one’s hand in front of the mouth when asking Cèsuǒ zài náli? Another polite way to ask is Wǒ keyi yòng yixià nǐmende cèsuǒ ma? "May I use your toilet?" shūfáng: "study," literally "book-room." wòfáng: "bedroom," literally "sleeping-room." Wòfáng and wòshì are both used for "bedroom." FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II A Chinese woman (Fl) has been invited to dinner at the home of an American couple in Taipei. Fl: You! Nǐmen Jiā hěn piàoliang, Oh, your house is lovely, so neat shǒushide zhēn gānjìng!            and clean! F2: Xièxie ni. Wǒmen xiān dào         Thank you. Let’s first go and sit kètīng zuò yíxià hē diǎn chá. in the living room a while and and drink some tea. Fl: Hǎo. F2: Wo xiānshēng you shi dào Táizhōng qù le. Jintiān wǎnshàng jiù shi women liǎngge rén chi fan. Fl: Nà women yìqǐ zuò fàn, hǎo bu hǎo? F2: Bu yòng le. Chúfāng hen xiǎo. Wǒ yíjīng bǎ wǎnfàn dōu yùbeihǎo le. Fl: 0, zhèige fángzi hǎoxiàng hen dà. Nǐmen you jíjiān wòshì? F2: Zhèige fángzi bú tài dà. Women you liǎngjiān wòshì. Zài kè-tíng yòubiān. Kèting zuǒbiān you yíge shūfáng. Píngcháng women dōu zài shūfáng kàn diànshì. Wǒ dài ni kànkan, zěnmeyàng? Fl: Hěn hǎo. Fine. My husband has gone to T'aichung on business. This evening it will be Just the two of us eating. Well then, let’s cook together, all right? There’s no need to. The kitchen is small. I’ve already prepared dinner. Oh, this house seems to be quite large. How many bedrooms do you have? This house isn't very large. We have two bedrooms. They are to the right of the living room. To the left of the living room there’s a study. We usually watch television in the study. Would you like me to show you? Sure. F2: Hǎo, women dào fàntīng qu chi fàn ba. Fl: Hǎojíle. Okay, let’s go to the dining room and eat. Great. NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE Wǒ xiānshēng you shi dào Táizhōng qu le: "My husband has gone to T’aichung on business." More literally, "My husband had some business and went to T’aichung." SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II An American man (M) is talking with a Chinese women (F) in Běijīng. F: Nǐde jiā zài Měiguo shénme          Where is your home in America? dìfangr? M: Zài Huáshèngdùn. F: N? you fángzi ma? M: Women yěu yige fángzi. F: Nǐ lái Běijīng, fángzi zěnme ban? M: Wěmen bǎ fángzi zūchuqu le. F:   Nǐmende fángzi dà bu da? M: Bu hěn dà, yě bù hěn xiǎo. Louxià you kètīng, fàntīng, shūfáng, gēn chúfáng. Lou-shàng you sānjiān wòshì gēn liǎngjiàn xǐzǎofáng. F:   Ou, you zhème duo fángjiān. Gǎo wèishēngde shíhour hěn máfan ba. M:   Bú tài máfan. Háizimen dou dà le. Tāmen yě gǎo wèishēng. F:   Nǐ xǐhuan bu xǐhuan nǐ xiànzai zhùde gōngyù? M: Mámahūhū. Zhèrde gōngyù hái kéyi. In Washington. Do you have a house? Yes, we do. When you came to Běijīng, what did you do with the house? We rented it out. Is your house large? It’s not very large and it’s not very small. Downstairs there’s the living room, the dining room, the study, and the kitchen. Upstairs there are three bedrooms and two bathrooms. Oh, there are so many rooms. It must be troublesome when you do the cleaning. It’s not too troublesome. The children are all grown up. They do the cleaning, too. Do you like the apartment building where you’re living now? So-so. The apartment buildings here aren’t too bad. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE hái kéyi: Literally "still okay," this phrase actually means "isn’t too bad." FART III REFERENCE LIST 29. Háizi xǐngle yǐhòu Jiào tāmen xǐ liǎn. 30. Wǎnshàng shuì Jiao yǐqián Jiao tāmen shuā yá, xǐzǎo. 31. Xǐle liǎn gěi tāmen he niúnǎi. 32. Bǎ háizi gěi wo, wě bàoyibào. 33. Wáng Ayí, háizimen chi fàn yǐhòu děi shuì wǔjiào. 3U. Rè shuǐ shāohǎo le meiyou? 35. Guò mǎlùde shíhou yào xiǎoxǐn. 36. yágāo 37. shūshu After the children wake up, have them wash their faces. Before they go to sleep at night, have them brush their teeth and take a bath. When they’ve washed their faces, give them some milk to drink. Give the baby to me, I’ll hold him. Auntie Wáng, after they’ve eaten, the children have to take a noontime nap. Have you heated up the hot water? Be careful when crossing the street. toothpaste uncle REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART III xǐng: "to wake up" This is a process verb. It describes the change from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: "to become awake, to become conscious, to become sober." In completed affirmative sentences, you will see the marker le; in negative sentences you will see mei (not bù— this is not a state verbTT Some of the quirks you faced with a verb like bìng ("to get sick," not "to be sick"), you also face here. When you are thinking in English of "He IS NOT awake," you should think "He HAS NOT awakened" in Chinese. Tā xǐngle meiyou? Did he wake up? OR Is he awake yet? Tā hái méi xǐng. He is not awake yet. Jiào: "to ask, to order, to tell (someone to do something)" This is a prepositional verb, which means that it and its object precede the verb. Fùqin Jiao hàizimen huílai.        The father told the children to come back. Nǐ Jiao ta guòlai.                  Ask him to come over. shuì Jiào: "to sleep, to go to bed" Tā bādiǎn zhōng Jiù shuì Jiao le. He went to bed at eight o’clock (already). Nǐ Jǐdiǎn zhōng shuì Jiào?         What time do you go to bed? Tā měitiān shuì bāge zhōngtóu.     He sleeps eight hours a night. Nǐ shuìde hao bu hǎo?              Did you sleep well? N? shuìhǎole ma?                   Did you sleep well?  OR  Have you finished sleeping? shuā yá: "to brush teeth" Besides brushing teeth, you can shuā yǐfu, "brush clothes," and shuā xie, "brush (off) shoes." Do not use shuā for use for brushing hair, however Lsee shū tou "to comb or brush one’s hair, WLF, Unit 3). CThe noun for a "brush" is shuāzi.J niúnǎi: Literally, "cow-milk," and used only to refer to cow's milk. The word nǎi by itself does not specify the kind of milk. bào: "to embrace, to hug" people, or "to hold in one's arms" a child, package, etc. Lái, baba gěi ni bàobao.            Come, papa will hold you. (said to child as he is handed from mother to father) Ayí: "auntie" This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not blood relatives. shuì wǔjiào: "to take an afternoon nap," literally, "sleep noon-nap." The wǔjiào, a nap after lunch, is very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time off every day for this purpose. shǎo: "to heat, to cook" (Another meaning is "to burn.") Since the verb shǎo by itself means to put heat to something, a resultative ending is needed when you want to indicate "boiling" or "heated up." Wo qù shāo diǎnr shuī.              I'll go put some water on (the stove). Re shuǐ shāohǎo le.                The hot water has been heated up. Shuǐ yījīng shāokāi le.            The water is already boiling. mǎlù: ’’paved road.” This is the word usually used for paved city streets. Mǎlù is literally "horse-road,” that is, a road on which horses and people can go. A theory has also been advanced that the mǎ is a transliteration of the first syllable of "macadam" (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or asphalt base). xiǎoxln: "to be careful," literally "small-heart." É, xiǎoxln diǎnr!                  Hey, be a little more careful! shūshu: "uncle" This is a term of affection used by children for older male friends of the family. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III A Canadian woman (A) is talking to her A: Wang Ayí, háizimen chī fàn yǐhòu děi shuā yā, rànhòu zài shuì wǔjiào. Pingchang tāmen shuì yìliǎngge zhōngtóu. Xǐngle yǐhòu gěi tāmen xǐ liǎn, zài dài tāmen chūqu wānrwanr. C:   Hǎo. A:   Xiàwu sìwǔdiǎn zhǒng gěi tāmen hē niunǎi. C:   Tāmen wǎnshàng yào chi shénme? A:   Wǒ yijīng zuòhǎo le. Dōu zài zhèr. Wǎnshàng shuì jiào yǐqiān jiào tāmen shuā yā, xǐzǎo. Haizimen yìtiān yào shuā sāncì yā. new maid (C) in Běijīng. Auntie Wang, after lunch the children have to brush their teeth and then take their naps. Usually they sleep an hour or two. After they wake up, wash their faces for them, and then take them out to play. Okay. At four or five in the afternoon, give them some milk to drink. What will they eat in the evening? I’ve prepared it already. It’s all here. At night before they go to bed, have them brush their teeth and take a bath. The children are supposed to brush their teeth three times a day. C: Hǎo. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III In Taipei on a Sunday afternoon, a young mother (Huìmīn) and father (Tíngsōng) are at home: M:   Huìmǐn, wo xiǎng hē diǎn chā, Huìmǐn, I want some tea, do you? nǐ yào bu yào? F: Yào, dànshi rè shui meiyou le. Yes, but there’s no more hot water. Wǒ qù shāo.                          I’ll go put some on. M:   Bú yào, bú yào, wǒ zìjī qù.        No, no, I’ll go myself. F:   Hǎo, wǒ qù kànkan Xiǎo Bǎo         Okay, I’ll go check if Xiǎo Bǎo (the xǐng le meiyou.                     baby) is up yet. (They both leave the room. Later when Huìmǐn (the wife) returns, TÍngsōng is sitting on the sofa.) F: Ting,* Xiǎo Bǎo xingle. Nǐ bào Ting, Xiǎo Bǎo is up. You hold him yíxià. Wǒ qù bǎ niúnǎi             for a minute. I’m going to go nònghǎo.                             get his (cow’s) milk ready. M:   (To the baby) Lai, ràng bàba Here, let daddy hold you. bàobao. (Huìmǐn comes in with a bottle and hands it to TÍngsōng.) M: Nǐ kàn, shuì wǔjiào yǐhòu, tā Look, he’s so hungry after his nap. zhēn è. F:   Shi, tā měicì dōu shi zhèiyang. Yes, he’s like this every time. 5 6 Unit U, Vocabulary Syí auntie bào to hold, to embrace chá chi fan chúfáng tea to eat kitchen dài dài dǎkai to bring, to take with one to lead, to take to open f ángj iān fàntlng fùnu room dining room women gǎo gǎo wèishēng gōngyù gōngyùlōu to do, to engage in to do cleaning apartment building; apartment apartment building hǎoxiàng hē to seem (to be), to appear that to drink -Jian Jiao -Juǎn (counter for rooms) to tell/ask (someone to do something) reel (of recording tape); to curl, to roll up kètīng kǒudài living room pocket liǎn lùyīndài lùyīnjī face (of a person) recording tape tape recorder máfan to be troublesome, to be a bother; bother, trouble mǎlù méi shi (le) street, avenue (paved) everything is all right (now); there is no (further) business niúnǎi (cow’s) milk píngcháng usually, generally, ordinarily shāo shāohǎole to heat; to cook to have heated up; to have finished cooking shēribào shēribàodān shōushi shoushi (shoushi) shuā shuā yà shūfáng shuì shuì Jiào shuì wǔjiào shūshu to declare, to report customs declaration (form) to tidy up Jewelry to brush to brush one’s teeth study (room) water to sleep to take a noontime nap uncle wòfáng wòshì wūzi bedroom bedroom room xiāngzi xiaoběnzi xiāoxín xǐng w w xizao xīzāofáng suitcase, box small notebook to be careful, to take care to wake up to take a bath bathroom ya yágāo yǎnj*ng(r) yùbei yubeihǎo le tooth, teeth toothpaste glasses (spectacles) to prepare to have prepared zhàoxiàngjǐ zhīpiào zhìpiàoběn zūchūqu zuò fàn camera check (as in personal check) checkbook to rent out to cook Personal Welfare Module, Unit 5 Minor Physical Complaints PART I REFERENCE LIST 1. A: Nǐ nǎr bù shūfu a? Where do you feel bad? B: Wǒ tóu téng, hóulong yē diǎnr téng. you I have a headache and my throat is a little sore. 2. Wǒ xiǎng nǐ gǎnmào le. I think you’ve caught a cold. 3. Wǒ xiǎng wǒ bù fāshāo. I don’t think I have a fever. U. Nǐ zuì hǎo chǐ diǎnr zhèige ba. yào You’d better take some of this medicine. 5- A: Zuótiān wo qù kàn dàifu le. Yesterday I went to see a doctor. B: Nǐ kàn shénme? What did you want treated? A: Wǒ késou. I have a cough. 6. Nǐ dào neige yǐyuàn qù kàn bìng? Which hospital are you going to to see a doctor? 7. Liú Dàifu shi nèikē yǐshēng haishi wàikē yǐshēng? Is Dr. Liú a physician or a surgeon? 8. tong to hurt (another pronunciation for téng) 9. āsīpīlín aspirin REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I téng: "to hurt, to ache" When talking about body aches and pains, you use a topic-comment pattern. For example "I have a headache," in Chinese is literally "As for me, the head hurts": Wǒ tǒu téng. As for me, head hurts. gǎnmào: "to catch a cold; a cold" This may be used either as a verb or as a noun. CTo say "to have a bad cold," use gǎnmào hěn lìhai, lìhai meaning "severe."] Wǒ gǎnmào le. I’ve caught a cold. Nǐde gǎnmào hǎo yidiǎn le ma? Is your cold a little better now? fāshāo: "to have a fever," literally, "develop-fever" This may be used as a state or a process: STATE Wǒ fāshāo. I have a fever. I don’t have a fever. I’m a little feverish. I have a fever (more literally, "I have developed a fever"). I don’t have a fever (more literally "I haven’t developed a fever"). After the fever came on, I didn’t feel like eating anything. Wǒ bù fāshāo. Wo you diǎn fāshāo. PROCESS Wǒ fāshāo le. Wo méi fāshāo. Wǒ fāshāo yǐhòu jiu bù xiǎng chi dōngxi le. chī diǎn zhèige yào: "take some of this medecine," literally, "eat medicine," is the way to say, "to take medicine." Of course, for liquid medicines you could also say hē, "to drink," but one still usually says chǐ. kàn dàifu: "to see a doctor" Also kàn yǐshēng. Wǒ děi qù kàn dàifu. I have to go see a doctor. Nǐ kàn shénme?: In another context, this could mean "What are you looking at?"Here, however, kàn is used in the sense of "to have (a medical complaint) treated" or "diagnosed" by a doctor. Nǐ qù kàn gǎnmào le ma? Wǒde hóulong bú tài shūfu, děi qù kànkan. Zhèige bìng děi dào dà yīyuàn qù kàn. Did you go have that cold of yours treated? My throat doesn’t feel too well; I'll have to go get it treated. For this illness you have to go to a large hospital to get it treated. késou: "to cough" nèikē: (1) "department of internal medicine" (of a hospital), or (2) "internal medicine" (as a field). Nèi means "internal" and kē means either (1) "department, section" or (2) "branch (of a study)." yishēng: "doctor," literally, "heal-er." In Beijing, dàifu is the more conversational word and yishēng the more formal. In Taiwan, however, dàifu is not used much. nèikē yishēng: "physician" wàikē: (1) "department of surgery" (of a hospital), or (2) "surgery," (the branch of medicine). wàikē yishēng: "surgeon" tong: "to hurt, to ache," another pronunciation for těng. āsipilín: "aspirin" Also pronounced āsipilín, àsipilíng, àsipǐlíng. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I A man from Shànghài (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in Beijing. A: Nǐ shuō "tou tong" háishi "tóu těng"? B: Beijing rěn dóu shuō "tóu těng," wo xiǎng "tong" shi nǐmen Shànghǎi ren shuōde. Zěnme? Nǐ xiànzài tóu teng a? A: Ng, wo you dianr tóu teng. B: Shì ma? Nǐ hái you nǎr bù shūfu? A: Hóulong yě you diǎnr teng, hěn xiǎng chi diǎnr lěngde dōng-xi. Wǒ yídìng shi gǎnmào le. B: Fā shāo ma? A: Dàgài bù fā shāo, wǒ méi juéde rè. Do you say tóu tong ("to have a headache") or tóu teng? People from Běijīng all say tóu teng. I think tong is what is said by you people from Shànghǎi. Why? Do you have a headache now? A little. Do you? Where else do you feel bad? My throat hurts a little, too. I really feel like having something cold to eat. I must have caught a cold. Do you have a fever? Probably not, I don’t feel hot (OR haven’t felt hot). B: Jìntiān xiàwu women bú qù gōngyuánr le, nǐ zài jiā xiūxi xiuxi ba. Wǒ xiànzài qù gěi ni mǎi diǎnr yào, míngtiān zài dài ni qù kàn dàifu. A: Hǎo ba! This afternoon let’s not go to the park. You rest a little at home. Right now I’ll go buy you some medicine, and tomorrow I’ll take you to see the doctor. Okay! SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I In Beijing, a parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughter’s illness: A: Nǐ zhǎo wo you shénme shir a?       Are you looking for me for something in particular? B: Xiǎo Huá gǎnmàole, késoule yíge Xiǎo Hua caught a cold and has been xīngqī le, jìntiān fāshāo fāde coughing for a week. Today she hěn gāo, houlong yě hěn téng.       has a very high temperature and her throat hurts a lot. A: Nǐ dài ta qù kànguo le ma? B: Kànguo le. Tā chile hěn duo yào, kěshi hái méiyou hǎo. A: Nà wǒ qù zhǎo wo yíge zài Běijīng Yiyuàn gōngzuode péngyou, tā shi wàikē yīshēng. B: Wàikē yīshēng! Xiǎo Huá késou, fāshāo, zěnme qù kàn wàikē? A: Ou, wode yìsi shi qǐng wode nèige péngyou gěi Xiǎo Huá zài nèikē yùyuē yige shíjiān. Tā you hěn duo nèikēde péngyou. B: Hǎo, nà jiu tài máfan nín le. Have you taken her to have it treated? Yes. She’s taken a lot of medicine, but she still hasn’t gotten better. Then I’ll go look up a friend of mine who works at the Běijīng Hospital. He’s a surgeon. A surgeon! Xiǎo Huá is (just) coughing and has a fever. Why go to see the surgery department? Oh, I mean I’ll ask that friend to make Xiǎo Huá an appointment in the department of internal medicine. He has a lot of friends in the department of internal medecine. All right, then I’ll trouble you to do that. (OR I’m putting you to too much trouble.) A: Zhèi méiyou shénme. Jìntiān        This is nothing. Today have Xiǎo Huá ràng Xiǎo Huá duō xiūxi xiuxi.      get a lot of rest. Tomorrow I can Dàgài míngtiān jiu kéyi qǐng        probably ask a doctor to treat it dàifu gěi ta kàn le.                 for her. NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE rang: ”to let, to allow, to have (someone do something)’’ This is a prepositional verb which you will see more of in Unit 6. ...duō xiūxi xiuxi: ’’rest a lot” The adjectival verb ”to be many, to be much, to be a lot" is used here as an adverb modifying the verb "to rest", xiūxi. As an adverb, duō may mean "a lot," "more," or "too much," depending on the context. In duō xiūxi xiuxi it obviously means "a lot" or "more." Yǐhòu, wǒ yào duō xiàng nín xuéxí. Duō shuō yě bù hǎo, shǎo shuō ye bù hǎo. Lǐfà yǐhòu xiǎng chuí yixià bèi shi bu shi yào duō gěi qián? From now on, I shall learn from you more. It isn’t good to say too much, nor is it good to say too little. If you want to have your back pounded after a haircut, do you have to pay extra? Some students get into the bad habit of always translating duō as "more." Remember that the adverb duō can also mean either "a lot" or "too much." Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you Duō chǐ yidiǎnr! Since you haven’t yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, "Have some more"; it simply means "Eat amply." We might say in English, "Have as much as you like," or "Help yourself." Here are some more examples showing duō does not always mean "more." Zhèizhǒng píngguǒ zènme piányi a? Nà women Jiu duō mǎi diǎnr ba! Duō láile yíge rén. Tā duō gěile shíkuài qián. Duō mǎi Jǐbenr. These apples are this inexpensive? In that case, let’s get a whole bunch of them! One person too many came. He gave ten dollars too much. Buy a few extra volumes. Contrast Duō láile yíge rén, "One person too many came," with You láile yíge rén, "One more person came." PART II REFERENCE LIST 10. A: Wo dùzi hěn bù shūfu. B: Ni xiě dù ma? 11. Wǒ tóu yūn, xiang tù. 12. A: Ni tíwēn shi duōshǎo? B: Sānshibādù. 13. WS you wèibìng. 14. Wō yōu diǎnr dàbiàn bù tong. 15. Qǐng ni tǎng zài zhèr. 16. Qìng ni bǎ shàngyí tuō le. IT• Āiyòu! 18. Qíng ni gěi wo kāi ge yàofāng. 19. Wǒ tàitai shēng bìng shēngde hěn lìhai. 20. lā dùzi 21. xiǎobiàn My belly Clower abdomenl feels bad. Do you have diarrhea? I’m dizzy and nauseous. What’s your temperature? Thirty-eight degrees. I have stomach trouble. I'm a little constipated. Please lie down here. Please undress down to the waist. (Please take off your upper clothing.) Ouch.' Please write a prescription for me. My wife is seriously ill. to have diarrhea to urinate; urination REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II dùzi: "belly, lower abdomen" This has often been translated as "stomach," but actually when sonieone Bays Wǒ dùzi těng or Wǒ dùzi bu shūfu, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as "stomach," in the looser sense of "belly," for example: Nèige rénde dùzi hěn dà.            That man has a big stomach/belly. Wǒ dùzi è le.                       I'm hungry. (Literally, "My stomach is hungry.") A colloquial expression for "to be pregnant" is dùzi dà le, literally, the abdomen has become big," or dà dùzi le. xiè dù: "to have diarrhea" There are several expressions for "diarrhea" in Chinese; xiè dù is a good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too informal not too technical. (See also lā dùzi, below.) yūn: "to be dizzy" Often used after tóu, "head": tóu yūn. Pronounced with the Falling tone, yùn, this word is used in the expressions yùn chē, "to be carsick/trainsick," yùn chuan, "to be seasick," and yùn fēijǐ, "to be airsick." Wǒ kàn shū kànde tóu dōu yūn le! I've been reading so much that I'm dizzy! (In this sentence, dōu doesn't mean "all," but "even, to such an extent that." This type of dōu is always used with le at the end of the sentence.) tù: "to vomit" Xiang tù, literally "to feel like vomiting," means "to feel nauseous." tíwēn: "body temperature" Only used for the temperature of a body. CThe general word for "temperature" is wēndù, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.3 CTǐwēnbiāo is a medical thermometer.3 -dù: "degree" This noun does not take a counter. wèibìng: "stomach trouble; gastric disease," literally, "stomach illness." dàbiàn bù tōng: "to be constipated" Dàbiàn (literally "major-convenience) means "to have a bowel movement" or "feces.” (Xiǎobiàn, "minor-convenience," means "to urinate" or "urine.") Bù tōng means "doesn’t go through, is blocked up." tang: "to lie, to recline" Notice that the zài phrase goes after the verb tang in the sentence Qǐng ni tang zài zhèr. This is because the zài phrase shows the result of the verb tang: you end up being here (zài zhèr) as a result of the action of lying (tang) ■ Tāngxià or tSng xiàlái means Hto lie down." In some of the following sentences, notice that tang corresponds to "be in bed." Tā gānmào le, tangle yìtiān. Tā xǐhuan tangzhe kàn shū. Yǐjīng bādiǎn zhōngle, nǐ hái tangzhe ne! Tǎngxialai xiūxi yihuǐr ba. He got a cold and stayed in bed for a day (OR and has been in bed all day today). He likes to read lying down. It's eight o'clock already, and you're still in bed! Lie down and rest for a while. shàngyǐ: "upper garments" CAlso sometimes means "coat."3 tu5: "to take off" (clothes, shoes) This is the opposite of chuān, "to put on." Kuài bǎ dàyī tuōxialai.            Come on and take off your coat. Tā zhèng tuózhe yīfu, jìnlai Right when he was taking off yige ren.                            his clothes, someone came in. Qǐng ni tuōle xié zài jìnqu.       Please remove your shoes before going in.” *This is said by the host to a guest when he arrives. You might have thought that the use of the word kuài, usually translated as "hurry up and ..." sounds impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact opposite. Here, kuài indicates the host’s concern that the guest, although wanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do so immediately. ”ln Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during dry weather.) kāi: You have seen kāi meaning "to open." Here it means "to write out" a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc. shēng bìng: "to get sick" Sheng means literally, "to develop, to ”Tā shēng bìng le means virtually the same thing as Tā bìng le. happen. Jīnnián chūntiān shēng bìngde rén hěn duō. Tā shēng bìng shēngle liǎngge xǐngqī le, hāi méi hǎo. Nǐ hāi shēngzhe bìng ne, zěnme kéyi chūqu?.' Tā shēngde shi shénme bìng? Lots of people are getting sick this spring. He has been sick for two weeks now and hasn’t recovered yet. You’re still sick; how can you go out ?.' What illness is it that he has? lā dùzi: "to have diarrhea," improper, word for xiè dù. a more colloquial, but not at all Tā lā dùzi lāde hěn lìhai. He has a bad case of diarrhea. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II A man in Taipei calls a doctor’s office his wife’s illness. A: Wéi. B: Wéi, qīngwèn Zhang Yishēng zài bu zài? A: Zhang Yishēng xiànzài zài kàn bìng. Qīngwèn ni y3u shì ma? B: W3 tàitai shēng bìng le, bìngde hěn lìhai. Tā cóng zuótiān kāishí tóu yūn, fāshāo. Zuótiān tāngle yìtiān, jīntiān zāoshàng hái fāshāo, dùzi yě hěn bù shūfu, hái tù. A: Tā xiè dù ma? B: Xièle jīcì. A: Tāde tīwēn shi duōshǎo? B: N, sānshibādù wǔ. A: Nī gěi tā chī shénme yào le ma? B: Tā bù néng chī yào, měicì chile dōngxi jiù tù. A: Nà nī mashang bǎ ta song dao zhèli lái. B: Hǎo. Wǒmen mǎshàng jiù lái. to ask what he should do for Hello. Hello, is Dr. Zhāng there, please? Dr. Zhāng is seeing patients now. What can I do for you? My wife is very sick. Yesterday she began to be dizzy and to run a fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed all day, but this morning she still had a fever, and she has abdominal pains, and she’s even vomiting. Does she have diarrhea? She’s had it a few times. What’s her temperature? Uh, 38.5 degrees. Have you given her any medicines? She can’t take medicines, every time she takes any food or drink she vomits. In that case bring her here right away. All right. We’ll be there right away. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II In Běijīng, a young man (A) visits a N: Èrbǎiwǔshíhào! A: Shì w5• N: Qing j in. D: Nī zěnme bù shūfu a? A: W8 tou yūn, xiǎng tù, zǎoshang wě kāishī dùzi teng. D: Ou. Xiè dùzi ma? A: Bú xiè, hái yěu diǎnr dàbiàn bù tong. D: Ng? Qīng nín bǎ shàngyī tuōle, tǎng zài zhèr, w3 tīngting. Zhèr teng ma? A: Bù teng. D: Zhèr ne? A: Aiyòu! Zhèr hen teng. D: Nī congqiǎn y3u wèibìng ba? A: Xiǎode shihou you, kěshi hěn duo niǎn méiyou téngguo le. Zu6-tiān wǎnshàng yèu kǎishī bù shūfu le. Yèli shuì jiào yě shuìde bù hǎo, xīngle hǎo jīcì. D: Hǎo, w3 gěi ni kǎi ge yàofāng. Chile yào, xiūxi xiuxi, yàoshi bù hǎo, xiàge xfngql zài lái kànkan. A: Hǎo, xièxié ni! clinic. Two hundred fifty! That’s me. Please come in. What’s the matter with you? I’m dizzy, nauseaous, and since this morning my ’’stomach" has been upset. Oh. Any diarrhea? No, I'm even a bit constipated. Oh? Undress down to the waist, please, lie down here, and I'll have a listen. Does it hurt here? No. How about here? Ouch! It hurts there! Have you ever had stomach trouble before? When I was a child I did, but I haven't had any pain for many years. Last night it began to feel bad again. During the night I slept very poorly, too. I woke up several times. All right. I’ll write you a prescription. After you take the medicine, get some rest, and if it doesn't get better, come and see me again next week. Okay, thank you. PART III REFERENCE LIST 22. A: Nǐ liángguo tǐwēn le meiyou? B: Liángguo le, wēndù bù gǎo, sānshiqǐdù duo yìdiǎn. 23. Nǐ yào duō xiūxi xiūxi, duo he kāishuǐ. 2k. W3 gěi ni liáng yíxià xuěyā. 25. WS xuěyā gǎo. 26. Nǐ xiǎng bu xiǎng zhǎo zhēn j iū dàifu gěi ni kànkan? 2?. liúxíngxìng gǎnmào 28. kāi dāo 29. dǐ Have you taken your temperature? Yes. My temperature isn’t high, a little over 37 degrees. You need to rest a lot and drink a lot of (boiled) water. I’m going to take your blood pressure. I have high blood pressure. Do you want to see an acupuncturist? influenza, flu to operate; to be operated on to be low REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III liáng: "to measure” You first saw this verb in the context of taking measurements for clothing. Here you see it used for taking temperatures. It can also be used for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room. tǐwēn and wēndù: Both of these are translated as ’’temperature” in the sentences above, but they should be distinguished. Tǐwēn is literally ’’body temperature” and thus is used when talking about taking human temperatures. Wēndù is literally "temperature degree” and is generally used in measuring heat or cold. Nǐ wūzilide wēndù shi duōshǎo? What’s the temperature in your room? EThere is another word qìwén, literally "air temperature," used, for example, used in weather reports.! wēndù bù gǎo: "the temperature is not high" Normal body temperature (98.6’ F) is 37Celsius. Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit. kāishuǐ: ’’boiled water" This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often kāishuǐ is served as a hot beverage, however. The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not good. xuěyā: "blood pressure," literally "blood pressure." Xuěyā gāo is "high blood pressure," and xuěyā dǐ is "low blood pressure." zhēnjiū: "acupuncture and moxibustion" Also pronounced zhēn.1 iǔ. Acupuncture is a practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve pain. This is based on the idea that the body’s energy (qì) forms an integral system which must be maintained for good health. This is done by applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the balance of qì. Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times, a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs burned on top. Nǐ xiǎng bu xiang zhSo zhēnjiū dàifu gěi ni kànkan?: This has been translated on the Reference List as "Do you want to seean acupuncturist?" which is the conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the structure of the question might be: "Do you want to look for an acupuncture doctor to give you treatment?" liúxíngxìng gǎnmào: "influenza, flu," literally "epidemic cold." Liúxíng: the verb "to be prevalent, to be popular, to be common." -Xing means "quality, characteristic," and when used as a suffix corresponds to "-esque" in "picturesque," or "-like" in "childlike." Liúxíngxìng is then "having the characteristic of being prevalent," specifically "epidemic." kāi dāo: "to operate; to be operated on," literally "to open or operate the knife." DIALOGUE FOR PART III In Beijing a worker pays a return visit to a health clinic. D: Chile w3 gěi nide yào, hǎo yidiǎnr le ma? A: Haishi tou téng, houlong téng, shuì Jiào shuìde hěn bù hǎo, yèli chángcháng xǐng. D: W3 kànkan nide houlong. A: A. Are you a little better after having taken the medicine I gave you? I still have a headache, and I’m not sleeping well at all. I often wake up at night. Let me have a look at your throat. Ahhh. D: Nide hóulong hěn hong. Qǐng ba shàngyī tuōle. Kesou yishēng. Hǎo. Nǐ xiān liángliang tǐwēn, ránhòu wǒ zài gěi nǐ liáng xuěyā. . . . Wēndù bù gāo, sānshiqī dù. Nǐ congqian you xuěyā gāo ma? A: Méiyou. D: Jintiān nǐde xuěyā you diǎnr gāo, dàgài shi zuótiān yèli shuìde bù hǎo. A: Yishēng, yíge lǐbài le, zěnme hái méi hǎo? D: Liúxíngxìng gǎnmào hěn bù róngyi hǎo. Wǒ gěi nǐ kāi ge yàofāng, zài chī diǎnr āsipilín. Nǐ hái yào duo hē diǎnr kāishuǐ, duo xiūxi xiuxi. A: Hǎo, xièxie nǐ. Your throat is very red. Please take off your upper clothes. Cough. Okay. First I’ll take your temperature, and then I'll take your blood pressure. . . . Your temperature isn't high, 37 degrees. Have you had high blood pressure before? No. Your blood pressure is a little high today. It's probably that you didn't sleep well last night. Doctor, it's been a week. How come I’m still not better? Influenza is really not easy to get rid of. I'll write you a prescription, and you take some more aspirin. Also, drink a lot of (boiled) water, and get a lot of rest. Okay, thank you. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE *kesou yishēng: Literally, "cough one sound." -Sheng is the counter for utterances. āiyòu āsǐpīlín ouch; oh dear aspirin chi to take (medicine) dàbiàn bowel movement dàbiàn bù tōng dàifu di -dù dùzi to be constipated doctor to be low degree (e.g., on a thermometer) belly, abdomen, stomach fāshāo to have a fever gǎnmào to catch cold; a cold hōulóng (hóulong) throat kāi dāo kāi yàofāng kāishuǐ kàn bìng kàn dàifu késou to operate; to be operated on to write a prescription boiled water to have an illness treated/diagnosed to see a doctor to cough lā dùzi liáng liáng tǐwēn lìhai liúxíngxìng gǎnmào to have diarrhea to measure to take a person’s temperature to be severe, to be fierce influenza, flu nèikē internal medicine, general medicine; department of internal medicine nèikē yǐshēng internist, physician shàngyǐ shēng shēng bìng upper garment to develop (as in shēng bìng) to get sick, to become ill tǎng téng (tong) tǐwēn tóu tóu téng tù tuō to lie, to recline to hurt, to ache (body) temperature head to have a headache; headache to vomit to take off (clothing) wàikē wàikē yishēng wèi wèibìng wēndù surgical department surgeon stomach stomach trouble, gastric disease temperature xiang tù xiǎobiàn xiè dù(zi) xuěyā xuěyā di xuěyā gāo to feel nauseous to urinate; urination to have diarrhea blood pressure low blood pressure high blood pressure, hypertension yào yàofāng(r) yishēng yiyuàn yūn medicine prescription doctor hospital to be dizzy zhēnjiū (zhēnjiu) acupuncture and moxibustion PART I REFERENCE LIST Personal Welfare Module, Unit 6 Accidents and Difficulties 1. Zāogāo! Zěnme ban? Wǒde hùzhào diū le. 2. Wǒ xiǎng nǐ děi dào Jǐngchájú qù zhǎo jǐngchá tányitan. 3. Jǐngchájú yǒu fānyì ma? U.   "Wàishì" jiù shi wàiguo rénde shìqing. 5. Wǒ bǎ jiàshǐ zhízhào diū le. 6. Jintiān zǎoshang wǒ cái fāxiàn diū le. 7. Wǒ xǐwàng néng kuài yIdiǎnr ling yíge xlnde. 8. Yàoburān bù néng kāi chē, bù fāngbian. 9. Nǐ qù zhào xiàng. 10. Gōng'ānjú 11. wàishì jǐngchá Oh, no! What am I going to do? I've lost my passport. I think you should go to the police station and find a policeman to talk it over with. Are there interpreters at the police station? "Wàishì" means matters having to do with foreigners. I've lost my driver's license. I didn't discover I'd lost it until this morning. I hope I can get a new one quickly. Otherwise it will be inconvenient not being able to drive. Go and have your picture taken. Bureau of Public Security foreign affairs policeman REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I zāogāo: "too bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess," literally, "rotten-cake." This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often equivalent to "Oh no!": Zāogāo! Wǒ wàngle dài fēijǐ- Oh, no! I forgot to bring the piào le!                            plane tickets! As an adjectival verb, zāogāo means "to be in a mess, to be in a bad state," as in: Nàrde qíngxing hěn zāogāo.         The situation there is a mess. Zhèiběn shū xiěde zhēn zāogāo. This book is terribly written. Tā hěn zāogāo.                       He's in a very bad way. Yàoshi zhèige bìngrén láide zài If this patient had come any later wān yidiǎnr jiù zāogāo le.         than he did, he would have been in a real mess (in big trouble). diū: "to lose" You can analyze the sentence Wode hùzhào diū le this way: Wode hùzhào diū le. As for my passport, . (it has been) lost. In some areas of China (including Taiwan) you would hear the word diào instead of diū: Wode hùzhào diào le. fānyì: "to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter" Also pronounced fānyi (with a neutral-tone yi). shìqing: "matter, affair, business, thing." Shìqing refers to abstract things, while dōngxi refers to concrete things. jiàshǐ zhízhào: "driver's license" Jiàshǐ is "to drive (a vehicle)." Zhízhào is a "license, permit." fāxiàn: "to discover, to find, to find out" Wǒ zài zhèr fāxiànle yige          I've discovered a problem here, wèntí. Zhèi shi gāng fāxiànde yìzhǒng This is a new kind of medicine xǐnde yào.                          which has Just been discovered. The object of fāxiàn may also be a clause: Wo huílaile yǐhòu Jiu fāxiàn When I came back I discovered that tā yǐjīng zǒu le.                  he had already left. The expression Wǒ fāxiàn . . . can often be translated as "I notice that . . ."or "I find that . ì It often prefaces a personal observation, as in: Wǒ fāxiàn hěn duō Měiguo rén juéde you háizi hěn máfan. Wǒ fāxiàn nǐ hěn xǐhuan xīnde dōngxi. As a noun, fāxiàn means "discovery": Zhèi shi yíge hěn zhòngyàode fāxiàn. I find that many Americans feel that it’s a lot of trouble to have children. I notice (or, "l get the impression") that you like new things very much. This is a very important discovery. cái: "then and only then, not until" This adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: "not until this morning." Cái is the opposite of jiù, the word for "then" when something happens sooner or earlier. When a sentence using cái describes a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that fāxiàn in sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example: Tā zuótiān cái gàosu wo. He didn’t tell me until yesterday. kuài yidiǎnr: "a little more quickly," or as in No. 7, "soon." Kuài yidiǎnr gives the impression of being even sooner than zǎo yidiǎnr. Both mean "soon." lǐng: "to receive, to get, to pick up, to collect" something that is issued or given (a prize, salary, materials, passport, etc.) yàoburán: "otherwise," literally "if-not-thus." Like kěshi "but" and dànshi "but, however," yàoburán always comes at the front of the clause in which it occurs. Wǒ děi mǎshàng zǒu, yàoburán wǒ jiù wǎn le. Wǒ děi zuò fēijī qù, yàoburán jiù tài màn le. I have to go right away, otherwise I'll be late. I have to take a plane, otherwise it’ll be too slow. zhào xiàng: "to take a picture," literally, "illuminate-image." You already learned zhàoxiàngjǐ, "camera," in WLF Unit h, Part I. The counter for xiàng "-pictures" is -zhāng (the same one as for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things). Zhào jǐzhāng xiàng thus means "to take a few pictures." (When NOT using the word xiàng as the object of zhào, however, you should use zhàopiàn or xiàngpiàn for "photograph.") Like many verb-object expressions, zhào xiang has the potential ambiguity of meaning either "to (verb) an (object )’* or "to have an (object) (verb)-ed": "to take a picture" or "to have one's picture taken." You saw this with several verb-object expressions in Unit 3‘- jiǎn tóufa to cut hair to have one’s hair cut xǐ tóu to give a shampoo to get a shampoo guā húzi to shave to have a shave cā pixie to shine shoes to have one’s shoes shined tàng tóufa to give a permanent to get a permanent Juǎn tóufa to curl hair to have one's hair curled zhào xiàng to take a picture to have one’s picture taken For example, in the case of zhào xiang, a photographer might say Wo qù zhào xiàng, "I am going to take pictures"; but a person going to a photographer’s studio might say the same sentence, Wǒ qù zhào xiàng, meaning "I am going to have my picture taken." The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes any misunderstandings in practice. The context almost always makes it perfectly clear which meaning is intended. With these verb-object expressions, if you want to specify the person on whom the action is performed, you have to use a gěi phrase (you can’t make the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object). For example, to say "I’m going to take a picture of you," say:. Likewise: Wǒ gěi nǐ zhào xiàng. Tā tàitai gěi ta jian tóufa.       His wife cuts his hair. ’Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a short exchange illustrating how zhào xiàng might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up. (For this example you need to know zhàopiàn, "photograph," and zhàoxiàngguǎn, "photography studio.") A: Wǒ jīntiān zhào xiàng qu le. B: Zhào shénme? Zhào fēngjǐng ma? A: Bú shì a. Yīnwèi wǒ yào lǐng hùzhào, děi yǒu zhàopiàn, suóyi wǒ qù zhàoxiàngguǎn qǐng tamen gěi wo zhào xiàng. Today I went to take pictures/ to have my picture taken. What did you take pictures of? Did you take pictures of scenery? No. I’m going to get a passport and need photographs, so I went to a photo studio and had them take my picture. Here "A" meant by his first sentence "Today I went to have my picture taken." but "B" understood him to mean "Today I went to take pictures." wàishì Jǐngchá: "foreign affairs policemen," those who Heal with foreign national:’.. DIALOGUE FOB PAKT I A foreign official in Běijǐng talks with a Chinese colleague. M: Nǐ Jǐntiān zěnme lai zenme wan? How come you are so late today? F: Zhēn zāogāo! It's Just awful! M: Zěnme le? What happened? F: Wǒ bǎ Jiàshǐ zhízhào diū le. Wǒ shi zuò chūzū qìchē láide. I’ve lost my driver's license. I had to come by taxi. M: Zài nǎr diūd'a? Where did you lose it? F: Wǒ bù zhīdào. Jǐntiān zǎoshang wǒ cái fāxiàn diū le. Wǒ zěnme bàn? Yào dào jǐngchájú qù ma? I don't know. I didn't discover I'd lost it until this morning. What am I to do? Should I go to the police station? M: Wǒ wènyiwèn Gǒng'ánjú zěnme gěi ni lǐng yíge xǐnde. I'll ask the Bureau of Public Security how to get you a new one. F: Wǒ xǐwàng néng kuài yidiǎnr. Yàoburán bù néng kāi che bù fāngbiàn. I hope it will be soon. Otherwise it will be' inconvenient not being able to drive. M: Nà nǐ xiān qù zhào xiàng. Wǒ gěi ni wènwen zěnme bàn. Well, then, you go and get your picture taken. I'll ask for you what you should do. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Zài nǎr diūd'a?: "Where did you lose it?" d'a is a contraction of de and a. The whole sentence would be Nǐ shi zài nǎr diūde a? REFERENCE LIST 12. Ai! Shéi lai bangbang máng! 13. Tā bèi qìchē zhuàng le. 1U. Tā qí mōtuǒchē qíde tài kuài le. 15. Wǒde tuǐ téngsǐ le! 16. Nǐ liú xue le ma? 17. Women xiān bǎ tā tái dao lù-biānrshang qu ba. 18. Wode tuǐ dòngbuliǎo, dàgài gútou duàn le. 19- Qǐng ni māshàng gěi yǐyuàn dǎ diànhuà. 20. Bié zhāo j í. 21. Wǒ zài zhèr kānzhe ta. 22. -liáng 23. jiùhùchē Hey! Will someone please come help! He was hit by a car. He was driving his motorcycle too fast. My leg is hurting me to death! Are you bleeding? Let’s first carry him to the side of the road. I can’t move my leg, the bone is probably broken. Please call the hospital immediately. Don’t get upset. I’ll stay here and look after him (counter for vehicles) ambulance REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART II shéi: "someone” The question word shéi "who" can also be used to mean "someone." bèi: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English "by" in passive sentences. In sentences with bèi it is the subject (tā in sentence 12) which received the action and the object of bèi (qǐchē in sentence 12) which did the action. Wode zìdiǎn bèi xuésheng           My dictionary was taken by a názǒu le.                            student. Tā bèi rén dǎsǐ le.                 He was beaten to death by someone. (dǎsǐ is literally "hit to death) Bèi has a special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence: Wěde xǐn qìchē bèi zhuàng le. Wǒde yǔsān bèi názǒu le. £1: ”to ride/drive by straddling" generally - and specifically when sitting with horses, motorcycles and bicycles. téngsǐ le: "to hurt a lot," speaking)” liú xuě: "to bleed," literally "to xiě and xuè. tai: "to lift or carry (by two or Qǐng bS zhèige zhuōzi tái-jìnlái. Qǐng ba zhèi liǎngjiàn dà xíngli táishang chē qu. Bǎ diànshì táixià 16u lai. dong: "to move (either oneself or Bié dong! Xian bú yào dong ta. My new car was hit. My umbrella was taken. While zuò is the verb "to ride" down, qí is the verb "to ride" used literally "to hurt to death (figuratively (Dong can also mean "to touch" something, touch it.") dòngbuliǎo: "unable to move" "unable" are used with action verbs Zènme duō xíngli, w5 yíge rén nábuliSo. Tā kāi dāo bù jiǔ, hái zěu-buliāo lù. Xià zhème dà yǔ. Xiànzài zěubuliSo. flow blood" Xuě is also pronounced more persons)" Please carry this table in (with me or someone else). Please carry (with me or someone else these two large suitcases onto the train. Bring the television downstairs with me. something else)" Don’t move. Let’s not move him just yet. so Bié dong can also mean "Don’t The endings -deliǎo "able" and -buliǎo to show the result of the action. I can’t carry all this luggage by myself. It hasn’t been long since the operation. She’s not yet able to walk. It’s raining so hard. We can’t leave now. mashàng: ’’immediately, right away,” literally ”on a horse” dǎ diànhuà: ”to make a phone call,” literally ”to hit electric-speech.” To indicate who you are calling, use the prepositional verb gěi ’’for, to.” Nǐ gěi shéi dS diànhuà?            Who are you calling? Lao Wáng you gěi ni da diàn- Lao Wáng called you again, huà le. The noun diànhuà by itself can mean either ’’telephone” or ’’telephone call.” Nǐ hái méiyou diànhuà ma?          Are you still without a phone? You nǐde diànhuà.                  There’s a call for you. Sometimes you can use diànhuà where English would have ’’telephone number”: Nǐde diànhuà shi duōshao? zhǎo Jí: ”to get upset, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious” Nǐ tài zhāojí. Women zhèr         You’re too anxious/worried. We méiyou shénme wèntí.               don’t have any problems here. kān: ”to look after (something)” The verb kàn ”to look, to see” changes tones when it means ”to look after something.” Nǐ qù Xiānggāngde shíhou, shéi Who’ll be looking after your house gěi ni kān fángzi?                 when you go to Hong Kong? Shéi gěi ni kān háizi?             Who looks after the children (OR babysits) for you? -zhe: This is the marker of DURATION. It may be added to an action or process verb to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence Wo zài zhèr kānzhe ta ”1’11 stay here and look after him,” the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. -Zhe can be used whether the time is past, present or future. Tā zài nèibiān zuòzhe, Xiao Lán pāojinlai gàosu ta bàba huílai le. She was sitting there when Xiāo Lán ran in and told her papa had returned. Tā hāi bìngzhe ne. He’s still sick. (The -zhe tells you that the illness is lasting for some time. Without -zhe, bin, means ’’get sick,” not ”be sick. Ne tells you this is not a new situation [absence of change!.) Zudzhe ba. Sit for a while. DIALOGUE FOR PART II A passerby (B) on a street in Beijing is called by the driver of a motor cycle (A) who has Just had an accident A: Wèi, lai bangbang mang! B: Zěnme le? A: Zhèiwèi tóngzhì bèi wǒ zhuàng le. B: Bèi nī zhuàng le? Zhèiliàng mótuōchē shi nǐde? A: Hài, bié shuō le. Wo qíde tai kuài, méi kànjian ta. C: Aiyo, wode mā yo . . . Aiyo! Téngsī wo le. . . . Wǒde tuī with a pedestrian (C). Hey, someone quick come help us! What happened? This comrade was hit by me. Hit by you? Is this your motorcycle? (Sigh) Don’t even talk about it. I was riding too fast, I didn’t see him. Ow, my mother’ . . . Ow! It hurts like crazy. ... my leg . . . B: Liúle zhème duō xuě, zhēn zāogāo! Xiànzài zěnme bàn ne? Women xiān bǎ ta tai dao lù-biānrshang qu ba! C:   Ao, wǒde tuī dòngbuliǎo, dàgài gútou duàn le. A:   Wǒ xiǎng zuìhǎo xiān bú yào dong ta, wǑ zài zhèr, nī qù dǎ diànhuà Jiào liàng Jiùhùchē lai, zài dǎ ge diànhuà Jiào Jingchá lái. He’s lost so much blood. This is terrible. What should we do now? First, let's carry him to the side of the road. Oh, I can't move my leg. It's probably broken. I think it would be best not to move him for the time being. I'll stay here. You call for an ambulance, and then call for the police to come. He’s not calling for his mother; this is a moan. B:   Hao, nǐ zài zhèr kānzhe ta. Wo mashàng jiù qù. (to C): Nèiwei tongzhì nǐ bié zhāojí. Dale diànhuà jiùhùchē mashàng jiù dào. Okay, you stay here and watch him. I’ll go right away, (to C): Don’t get upset, comrade. The ambulance will be here right after I call. A: Nín . . . nín kuài qù ba! Xièxie You . . . you go quickly! Thank you. nín le! REFERENCE LIST 21*. Nǐ méi kànjian zhèige páizi ma? Didn't you see this sign? 25. Wǒ méi zhùyì■ I wasn't paying attention. 26. Yǐhòu nǐ yào xiaoxln. From now on you must be careful. 27. Nǐmen bù kéyi zài zhèli yóuyong. You can't swim here. 28. Nǐmen zài zhèli yóuyong yǒu wéixiǎn. It's dangerous for you to swim here. 29. Wǒ bú shi gùyì jìnlaide. I didn't enter here !the restricted areai on purpose. 30. Ràng wo kànkan nǐde hùzhào. Let me see your passport. 31. Zhèli shi jūnshì dìqū. This is a military area here. 32. Zhànzhu! Halt! REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III páizi: "sign, poster, plate," al so a "brand name, trademark" Nǐ mǎide shi shénme páizide zhàoxiàngjǐ? What brand of camera did you buy? Nèige hong páizishang xiède shi shénme? What is written on that red s i gn ? zhùyì: "to pay attention to, to take notice of" Wǒ méi zhùyì tā shi gēn shéi zǒude. I didn't notice who he left with. Zhùyì diǎnr! Please pay a little more attention! kéyi bù kéyi: "cannot" Of the three is the one to use when the "can" auxiliary verbs néng, huì and kéyi. or "cannot" is due to someone granting or withholding permission. yóuyǒng: ”to swim” Nǐ huì bu huì yóuyǒng?             Can you swim? Wǒ youyǒng youde bú tài hǎo. I don't swim too well. wéixiǎn: "to be dangerous, to be perilous" Also pronounced wéixiǎn. Zài Táiběi qí mōtuōchē tài        It's too dangerous to ride a motorcyle wéixiǎn le.                         in Taipei. Tā bú pà wéixiǎn, tā shénme dōu He's not afraid of danger. He'll yào zuò.                             do anything. gùyì: "intentionally, willfully, on purpose" Tā gùyì bǎ nèixie shū diū le. She lost those books on purpose. Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bú shi gùyì (zuò)de. I'm sorry, I didn't do it on purpose. ràng: "to let, to allow, to cause (someone to do something)." This is a prepositional verb, i.e. ràng and its object both precede the main verb. Tā bú ràng wo zǒu.                 She won't let me leave. Nǐ zěnme kéyi ràng tā zenme        How could you make her so unhappyI bù gāoxìng? FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART III A Canadian man (M) has Just entered an area in Běijīng prohibited to foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A policewoman (F) calls out to him. F:   Hài! Zhànzhu! M:   Shénme shir? F:   Nǐ méi kànjian zhèige páizi ma? M:   Ou, duìbuqǐ. Wǒ méi zhùyì. Wǒ bú shi gùyì jìnlaide. F:   Nǐ shi nǎiguo rén na? M:   Wo shi Jiānádà rén. Hey! Halt! What's the matter? Didn't you see this sign? Oh, excuse me. I wasn’t paying attention. I didn't enter here intentionally. What's your nationality? I'm Canadian. F:   Rang wo kànkan nǐde huzhào. M: Mm. (The policewoman writes down his name F:   Yǐhòu zhùyì diǎnr. Bié zài zǒucuò le. M:   Wǒ zhǐdao le. Let me see your passport. Mm. and passport number.) From now on pay more attention. Don’t walk into the wrong place again. Now I know. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE zhǐdao le: "now I know," or "I understand" This is the marker le for new situations. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART III An American woman and her two children Taiwan. A soldier calls to them. M:   Èi! Shànglai! Nǐmen shànglai. F:   You shénme shi a? M:   Nǐmen bù kéyi zài zhèli yóuyǒng. F:   Wèishénme? M:   Nǐ méi kàndao nèige páizi ma? F:   Kàndao le, búguò . . . M:   Paizishang shuō shénme? F:   Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bú huì kàn Zhōngwén. M:   Zhèli shi jūnshǐ dìqū. BÙ kéyi yóuyǒng. Nǐmen zài zhèli yóuyǒng you wéixiǎn. Xiàcì bú yào zài lai le. F:   Hǎo. Xièxie ni. are swimming along the beach in Hey! Come up! Come up here. What's the matter? You can't swim here. Why? Didn't you see that sign? Yes, but . . . What does it say on the sign? I'm sorry, I can't read Chinese. This is a military area here. You can't swim. It's dangerous for you to swim here. In the future you shouldn't come here any more Very well. Thank you. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE xiàcì bú yào zài lai le: ”in the future don’t come here again (any more” In addition to meaning ’’next time,” xiàcì can mean generally ”in the future.” Unit 6, Vocabulary bang máng bèi to help, to aid, to assist by (indicates the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence) -buliao unable to ... (verb ending) dS diànhuà diànhuà dìqū diū dong dòngbuliǎo duàn to make a phone call, to telephone telephone, telephone call area, region to lose to move unable to move to sever, to break fānyì faxiàn to interpret, to translate to discover Góng’ānjú gútou gùyì Bureau of Public Security (PRC) bone intentionally, willfully, on purpose jiàshǐ jiàshǐ zhízhào jǐngchá jǐngchájú j iùhùchē jūnshì driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot driver’s license policeman police station ambulance military kan to look after, to watch over -liàng ling (counter for vehicles) to collect, to pick up (something which is issued) liú xuě (xiě, xuè) lūbiān(r) to bleed side of the road mǎshàng motuōchē (mōtuōchē) immediately motorcycle páizi sign, poster, plate; brand name, trade mark QÍ to ride by straddling ràng to let, to allow, to cause someone to do something shéi shìqing -sǐle someone matter, affair, business, thing like crazy, to death (state verb ending) tai téngsí le to carry (by two or more people) to hurt like crazy, to hurt to death (figuratively) tuǐ leg wàishì wàiguó wéixiǎn (wéixiǎn) foreign affairs foreign country to be dangerous, to be perilous, danger yàoburǎn yóuyong otherwise, or else to swim zāogāo oh no! how awful! how terrible! what a mess!; to be awful zhāoJí to get upset, to be anxious, to be worried zhào xiàng -zhe to take a picture marker of duration for actions and states zhuàng to bump into, to run into, to collide with zhùyì (zhùyi) to pay attention, to take notice abdomen ankle appendix arm fù(bù) jiǎowànzi lánwěi gēbei, gēbo, shSubì back bèi blood xiě, xuě, xuè blood vessel xuěguǎn(r) bone gutou, gǔtou brain nSo(zi) breast rǔfáng, nai, rǔ buttocks pìgǔ cheek miànjiá, sai chest xiōngbù, xiōngtáng chin xiàba ear ěrduo elbow gēbeizh3u(r) eye yǎnjing eyeball yǎnzhūzi (colloquial), yǎnqiu eyebrow méimao face lian finger shǒuzhítou, shǒuzhǐtou fingernail zhǐjia, zhǐjiǎ foot Jiao gums yáchuáng hand sh3u head tou heart xīnzàng heel Jiaogēn intestines chángzi joint guānjié kidney shèn(zàng) knee qǐgài, xígài leg tuí lip zuíchún liver ganzàng lung fèi mouth muscle zuī, k3u jīròu neck nerve nose bózi shénjīng bí zi rib lèigǔ, lègǔ shoulder skin spine stomach j T ānbǎng pífu Jílianggǔ wèi; dùzi (belly) tendon thigh throat thumb toe tongue tonsils tooth Jiàn, Jīn (colloquial) dàtuī hóulong mǔzhī JiSozhítou, JiSozhī shétou biantáoxiàn ya, yáchī wrist wànzi Parts of the body may have several terras which differ as to (1) what areas of China they are used in, (2) the degree of formality, and (3) the contexts in which they are used. Here are examples of each kind of difference: (1) "arm" is gēbei in the speech of Běijīng, but shěubì in some other parts of the country; (2) "armpit" is gēzhiwō in colloquial Běijīng speech but yèwō in formal speech; (3) for "stomach," the medical term is wèi; colloquially, it may be called wèi or dùzi; and as a food (e.g. pig's stomach) it is called dǔzi. For this list, words were chosen which you could, for example, use to tell a physician where you have a medical problem. Words which are either very informal or technical have been omitted. It is interesting and important to realize that the Chinese and English languages sometimes differ on how they divide the human body into parts. The hip, for example, is a well-known "part of the body" in English, but the Chinese language has no commonly used word which includes all and only what we call the "hip." Rather, Chinese has a word for "buttocks" (formally, túnbù, or in spoken style, pìgu) which includes the buttocks and hips below the hipbone. Another example are the Chinese words xiōngkǒu and xīnkǒu, which refer to the center of the chest just below the breastbone, between the lower ribs. (One often feels indigestion there, for instance.) If English has a word for this part of the body, it is not nearly as common as these Chinese words. Appendix 2: Medical Conditions, Problems, and Illnesses abcess nóngzhǒng allergic to... duì...guòmǐn allergy- guòmǐnzhèng appendicitis lánwěiyán arthritis guǎnjiéyán asthma qìchuanbìng cholera huòluàn cold gǎnmào, shāngfēng, zhāoliáng cramp chōuj in diabetes tángniàobìng flu liúxíngxìng gǎnmào, liúgǎn food poisoning shívù zhòngdú fungus méi hemorrhoids zhìchuāng hepatitis gǎnyán hernia shàn indigestion xiāohuà bù liáng inflamed fāyán inflammation yánzhèng measles mázhěn nervous tension shénjíng jǐnzhāng pneumonia fèiyán rheumatism fēngshǐ stroke zhòngfēng sunburn shài tuō pi le (skin peeling) shàihóng le (red) jiào tàiyang shàide sunstroke zhòngshǔ tonsillitis biǎntáoxiànyán ulcer (gastric) ■wèikuìyáng Appendix 3: Furniture and Household Items bǐngxiāng refrigerator chāzuò chōushuǐ mātǒng chōutì chuáng chuānglián (electrical) outlet flush toilet drawer bed curtain dēng dèngzi diàndēng kāiguan diànhuà diànlúzi diànshàn dìtān .light, lamp stool light switch telephone electric stove; electric heater electric fan carpet, rug guìzi cabinet hōnggānj ī dryer jìngzi mirror lājl; lèsè (Taiwan) lājītǒng; lèsètǒng (Taiwan) lājíxiāng; lèsèxiāng (Taiwan) lěngqìjǐ lúzi garbage garbage pail garbage can air conditioner stove sàozhou, sàobǎ shāfā shuǐchízi shuǐlóngtóu shūjiàzi broom sofa kitchen sink faucet, tap bookshelf tuōbā mop xǐchénqì xiězìtái xǐliǎnpén xǐyǐjī xǐ zāopén vacuum cleaner desk (bathroom) sink, washstand washing machine bathtub yǐzi yùndǒu chair iron zhuozi zìzhǐlǒu table wastepaner basket bìchú cèsuo céng chuānghu chúfáng dì dìbǎn dìxiàshì fángdǐng fángjiān fàntīng kètlng lout I men qiáng shūfáng tiānhuābǎn wèishēngjiān wòfáng wòshì wūzi xǐzǎofáng zǒuláng closet toilet floor, story-window kitchen floor wooden floor basement room room dining room living room stairs door wall study, library- ceiling toilet, bathroom bedroom bedroom room bathroom corridor, hall Module Vocabulary Ayí auntie WLF 1+ āiyo ouch WLF 5 ànmó massage WLF 3 āsīpǐlín aspirin WLF 5 bang máng to help, to aid, to assist WLF 6 báo to be thin; to be light (of clothing) WLF 2 bào to hold, to embrace WLF U bèi by (indicates the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence) WLF 6 -buliǎo (verb ending) unable to... WLF 6 bú yào don't WLF 3 cā to rub, to wipe WLF 3 chá tea WLF 1| cháng to be long WLF 2 cháng often WLF 1 chángcháng often WLF 1 cháoshǐ to be humid WLF 1 cháng city, town WLF 1 chènshān shirt, blouse WLF 2 chǐ to take (medicine) WLF 5 chǐ fàn to eat WLF h chǐcun (chǐcùn) measurement; size WLF 2 chuān to put on (clothing) WLF 2 chúfáng kitchen WLF H chuí bèi to pound (someone's) back WLF 3 chuīgān to blow-dry WLF 3 chūntiān (chūntian) spring WLF 1 dàbiàn bowel movement WLF 5 dàbiàn bù tōng to be constipated WLF 5 dǎ diànhuà to make a phone call, to telephone WLF 6 dài to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, jewelry, etc) WLF 2 dài to bring, to take with one WLF U dài to lead, to take WLF h dàifu doctor WLF 5 dǎkāi to open WLF 1+ dàyī overcoat WLF 2 di to be low WLF 5 diànhuà telephone, telephone call WLF 6 -ding (counter for hats) WLF 2 dìqū area, region WLF 6 diū to lose WLF 6 dong to move WLF dòngbuliao unable to move WLF dōngtiān (dongtian) winter WFL -dù degree WLF duǎn to be short WLF duan to sever, to break WLF dùzi belly, abdomen WLF f ángj iān room WLF fanting dining room WLF fānyì to interpret, to translate WLF fāshāo to have a fever WLF fāxiàn to discover WLF fēn one tenth of a Chinese inch (cùn) WLF fēng wind WLF fēngjlng scenery WLF fùjìn (fùjìn) area, neighborhood WLF fùnu women WLF fúzhuāngdiàn clothing store WLF gànbufú cadre suit WLF gānj ing to be clean WLF gǎnmào to catch cold; a cold WLF gǎo to do, to engage in WLF gāo weishēng to do cleaning WLF Gōng’ānjú Bureau of Public Security (PRC) WLF gōngyù apartment building; apartment WLF gōngyùlou apartment building WLF gòu to be enough WLF guā to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.) WLF guā to scrape WLF guā húzi to shave (the face) WLF gútou (gùtou) bone WLF gùyì intentionally, willfully, on purpose WLF hāibiān(r) seashore WLF hàn and (Taiwan pronunciation) WLF haoxiàng to seem (to be), to appear that WLF hē to drink WLF he river WLF he and WLF héshì to fit; to be suitable WLF hòu to be think; to be heavy (of clothing) WLF houlong (houlong) throat WLF hú lake WLF huài to be bad; to go bad, to break WLF huānjìng environment WLF húzi beard OR mustache WLF Jiākè(r)/jiákè(r) jacket (cut above waist) WLF jiǎn to cut (with scissors) WLF -Jiàn (counter for articles of clothing) WLF J iào to ask/tell (someone to do something) WLF Jiàshǐ driver, pilot; to drive, to pilot WLF Jiàshǐ zhízhào driver's license WT F jǐngchá policeman WLF jǐngchájú police station WLF J iùhùchē ambulance WLF J uǎn to curl, to roll up; a roll (of something' 1 , WLF a reel (of tape) Juéde to feel WLF Jūnshì military WLF kái dāo to operate; to be operated on WLF kūishǐ to begin, to start WLF kái yàofāng to write a prescription WLF kāishuǐ boiled water WLF kān to look after, to watch over WLF kàn to have (a medical problem) treated WLF kàn bint; to see a doctor; to see a patient WLF kesou to cough WLF kètīng living room WLF kongqì (kōngqi) air WLF kōngqì wūrān air pollution WLF kǒudài pocket WLF kùzi (yìtiáo) pant s WLF lā dùzi to have diarrhea WLF lěng to be cold WLF liǎn face WLF liáng to measure                            WLF 2, WLF -liàng (counter for vehicles) WLF liǎngbiān both sides, two sides WLF liāngkuai to be cool WLF liáng tǐwēn to take a person's temperature WLF liàozi material, fabric WLF lìhai to severe, to be fierce WLF líkāi to leave WLF lǐng to collect, to pick up (something which is issued) WLF liú to remain, to stay; to keep, to save; to grow, to let grow; to leave WLF liú húzi to grow a beard or mustache WLF liúxíngxìng gǎnmào influenza, flu WLF liú xuě (xiě, xuè) to bleed WLF lùbiān(r) side of the road WLF lùyǐndài recording tape WLF lùyìnjī tape recorder WLF máfan trouble, bother WLF mǎlù street, avenue WLF máoyī sweater WLF màozi (yìdǐng) hat WLF mǎshàng immediately WLF méi shì (le) everything is all right (now); there's no (further) business WLF méi wèntí mián'ǎo mótuōchē (mōtuōchē) there's no problem (Chinese-style) cotton-padded Jacket motorcycle WLF 3 WLF 2 WLF 6 nà then, in that case WLF 2 nèikē internal medicine, general medicine; department of internal medicine WLF 5 nèikē yishēng internist, physician WLF 5 nèikù underpants WLF 2 nèiyī underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips, bras, etc.); Just undershirt (when used in contrast to nèikù, underpants) WLF 2 nílóng nylon WLF 2 niúnǎi (cow's) milk WLF U nòng (long, nèng) to do, to handle, to manage, to make WLF 3 nòng gānJing to clean something up WLF 3 nuǎnhuo to be warm WLF 1 páizi sign, poster, plate; brand name, trade mark WLF 6 píngcháng usually, generally, ordinarily WLF 14 pixie leather shoes WLF 2 pò to be worn out; to break, to tear WLF 2 qí to ride by straddling WLF 6 qìhòu (qìhòu) climate WLF 1 qín to be clear WLF 1 qingj ìng to be quiet WLF 1 qípáo close-fitting woman’s dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam WLF 2 qiūtiān (qi"tian) fall, autumn WLF 1 qù to go WLF 2 qúnzi skirt WLF 2 rang to let, to allow, to cause something to do something WLF 6 rè to be hot WLF 1 rénkòu population WLF 1 sēnlín forest WLF 1 shān mountain WLF 1 shàngyī upper outer garment WLF 5 shāo to heat, to cook; to burn WLF 14 shǎo to be few; seldom WLF 1 shāohāo le to have heated up; to have finished WLF cooking shéi someone WLF 6 shēng bìng to get sick, to become ill WLF 5 shēnbào to declare, to report WLF 14 shēnbàodān customs declaration WLF U shénmeyàng like what; what kind WLF 2 shēnshang on one's body WLF 2 shi to try WLF 3 shì(yi)shi to give (something) a try WLF 3 shìqing matter, affair, business, thing WLF 6 shǒushi to tidy up WLF 4 shǒushi Jewelry WLF 4 shuā to brush WLF 1 -shuāng pair WLF 2 shuā yá to brush one’s teeth WLF 1 shūbāo book bag, tote bag, carryall WLF 2 shūfáng library WLF 4 shūfu to be comfortable WLF 3 shuì water WLF 1 shuì jiao to sleep WLF 1 shuì wǔjiào to take a noontime nap WLF 1 shuìyī (yítào) pajamas; nightgown WLF 2 shūshu uncle WLF 1 shū tou to brush or comb hair WLF 3 tai to carry (by two or more people) WLF 6 táifēng typhoon WLF 1 tang to lie, to recline ' WLF 5 tàng to get a permanent WLF 3 -tào (counter for suits, sets of things) WLF 2 téng (tong) to hurt, to ache WLF 5 téngsí le to hurt like crazy, to hurt to death (figuratively) WLF 6 tiān sky; heaven; day WLF 1 tiānqi (tiānqi) weather WLF 1 -tiào (counter for pairs of pants) WLF 2 tlngshuō to hear that, to hear it said; I hear that, I understand that WLF 1 tīwēn (body) temperature WLF 5 tou head; head of hair WLF 2, WLF 5 toufa hair WLF 3 tou téng to have a headache; headache WLF 5 tù to vomit, to spit up WLF 5 tuǐ leg WLF 6 tuōxié slippers WLF 2 wàiguo foreign country WLF 6 wàikē surgical department WLF 5 wàikē yIshēng surgeon WLF 5 wàishì foreign affairs WLF 6 wàishì Jǐngchá foreign affairs policeman WLF 6 wàitào coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) WLF 2 wàng to forget WLF 2 wàzi socks WLF 2 wèi stomach WLF 5 wèibìng stomach trouble, gastric disease WLF 5 wéixiǎn (wēixiān) to be dangerous, to be perilous; danger WLF 6 wēndù temperature WLF 5 wèntí question, problem WLF 3 wòfáng bedroom WLF 1 wòshì wūrǎn wūzi bedroom pollution room WLF li WLF 1 WLF b xǐ to wash WLF 3 xiǎng to miss, to think of WLF 1 xiāngxià (xiāngxià) in the country, the countryside WLF 1 xiāngzi suitcase WLF h xiǎoběnzi notebook WLF h xiǎobiàn to urinate; urination WLF 5 xiaoxīn to be careful WLF h xiàtiān (xiàtiān) summer WLF 1 xià xuě to snow WLF 1 xià yu to rain WLF 1 xié shoe WLF 2 xiè dùzi to have diarrhea WLF 5 xǐng to wake up WLF h xīnxiān (xīnxian) to be fresh WLF 1 xǐ tou to shampoo, to get a shampoo WLF 3 xǐzǎo to take a bath WLF 4 xǐzǎofáng bathroom WLF U xǐ zhuāng Western-style clothes; Western-style suit WLF 2 xuěyā blood pressure WLF rj xuěyā dǐ low blood pressure WLF 5 xuěyā gāo high blood pressure WLF 5 xūyào to need, to require WLF 2 yá tooth, teeth WLF yágāo toothpaste WLF h yàngzi appearance; shape, form; style, design; pattern WLF 2 yǎnjìng(r) glasses (spectacles) WLF h yào should; must; it is necessary, to need to WLF 2 yào medicine WLF 5 yàoburán otherwise, or else WLF 6 yàofāng prescription WLF 5 yídìng certainly, surely, for sure, definitely WLF 3 yifu clothes WLF 2 yishēng doctor WLF 5 yīyuàn hospital WLF 5 yòng to use WLF 2 you oil, grease WLF 3 yǒu(de) shihou sometimes WLF 1 you shì to be occupied, to be busy WLF 3 you (yi)diǎn a little bit, somewhat WLF 3 yóuyong to swim WLF 6 yubei to prepare, to get ready WLF h yùbeihǎo le to have prepared WLF 1 yūn to be dizzy WLF 5 yuxié rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes WLF 2 yǔyī raincoat WLF 2 yùyuē to make an appointment (PRC) WLF 3 zāogāo oh no! how awful! how terrible! what a mess! •» to be awful zhao zhāoJí according to to get upset, to be anxkous, to be worried zhao xiang zhàoxiàngj ī -zhe to take a photograph camera (marker of duration for actions and states) zhēnjiū (zhēnjiǔ) zhlpiào zhīpiàoběn -zhǒng zhuàng acupuncture and moxibustion check (as in personal check) checkbook kind, sort to bump into, to run into, to collide with zhùyì (zhùyi) zìjǐ zūchuqu zuì zuò zuò fàn zuò toufa zuǒyòu to pay attention to self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.) to rent out most, -est to make; to have made to cook to do one’s hair, to have one’s hair done approximately, about 687-001743069 103 1 NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE 2 REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II guā fēng: "(there) blows wind" Guā literally means "to scrape," but when used in connection with fēng, "wind," it means "to blow." Like other weather expressions, such as xià xuě "to snow," the subject fēng usually follows the verb guā. To say "very windy," you say that the wind is big, either Fēng hěn dà or Guā dà fēng. Sānyuè: "by March" A time word before the verb may mean "by" a certain time as well as "at" a certain time. Sānyuè jiù kāishǐ nuǎnhuo le: "By March it is already starting to get warm.71 When the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb jiù indicates that the event in question happens earlier than might be expected. The marker le after the state verb nuǎnhuo, "to be warm," tells us that it is being used here as a process verb, "to get warm." yǒude shíhou: "sometimes" This is also said as you shíhou. xià yù: "to rain" Literally, "(there) falls rain." Now you have seen three weather expressions where the subject normally follows the verb: xià xuě, guā fēng and xià yǔ. 3 TÓu, literally "head," is used here for "head of hair." 4 REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II zuò toufa: ”to do hair” or ”to have one’s hair done" (See the Reference Notes for Part I on xǐ tou, guā húzi, chuí bèi, cā píxié.) yùyuē: "to make an appointment" literally "beforehand make-an-appointment." This is relatively new PRC usage; this word used to have only the meanings "a preliminary agreement" or "to pre-order a book which has not yet been published." In Taiwan (or the PRC for that matter), you may use instead the phrase xiān yuē yige shíjiān, "to arrange a time beforehand." Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan. wèntí: "problem" or "question." Méi(you) wèntí is just like the English "no problem." In addition to its literal meaning of "There is no 5 NOTES OK THE DIALOGUE •"Ting" is the wife’s affectionate abbreviation of her husband’s name, TÍngsōng. 6 è: "to be hungry"