STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

MODULE 8: TRAVELING IN CHINA (TVL)

August 1982

Copyright © 1980 by John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, Roberta S. Barry and Thomas E. Madden

PREFACE

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking.

The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.

A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder, III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff< III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenan Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).

The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.

Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institut Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Langua Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Delling of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.

The writers worked as a team, in close cooperation both with the plannir council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. John H. T. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, with Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry writing the tape scripts and the student text. Mr. Harvey designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher's guides, and Ms. Barale prepared the criterion tests. Starting with Module 7, Ms. Barale prepared both text and tape materials.

All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, ng-chi Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. ng, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, and Joseph Yu Hsu ng. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation ‘ a preliminary corpus of dialogues.

Administrative assistance was provided by Vincent Basciano, sa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T.C. Liang, im Madden, Susan C. Pola and Kathleen Strype.

The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ram-i re?, of the jreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by . Chao, Ms. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The glish script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, >. Pola, and Ms. Strype.

The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service istitute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. .dote, Chief of Audio-Visual.

Standard Chinese; A Modular Approach was field-tested with the co->eration of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign irvice Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force ademy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia.

The Defense Language Institute printed and distributed the preliminary terials used for field testing and has likewise printed and distributed is edition.

/James R. Frith, Chairman

Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board

Table of Contents

Objectives for the Traveling in China Module

About Module Seven

Unit 1

Map of the Peking Municipality..............

Reference List

Vocabulary List

Reference Notes

Tape 1 Review Dialogue

Tape 2 Workbook

Unit 2 Reference List

Vocabulary List

Reference Notes

Tape 1 Review Dialogue

Tape 2 Workbook

Unit 3

Map of the Great Wall

Reference List

Vocabulary List

Reference Notes

Tape 1 Review Dialogue

Tape 2 Workbook

Unit U Map of the Thirteen Tombs

Reference List

Vocabulary List

Reference Notes

Tape 1 Review Dialogue

Tape 2 Workbook

Unit 5 Map of a Typical Commune...............  .

Reference List

Vocabulary List

Reference Notes

Tape 1 Review Dialogue

Tape 2 Workbook

Unit 6 Reference List

Vocabulary List. . . .

Reference Notes

Tape 1 Review Dialogue

Tape 2 Workbook.

Unit 7 Reference List

Vocabulary List

Reference Notes

Tape 1 Review Dialogue

Tape 2 Workbook

Unit 8 Reference List

Vocabulary List

Reference Notes

Tape 1 Review Dialogue

Tape 2 Workbook

Vocabulary List for the Module

List of Tapes in this Module

OBJECTIVES

General

The purpose of the Traveling in China Module (TVL) is to give you a look at some situations you might encounter on a trip to China and to provide you with the language skills you might need in those situations.

Before starting the Traveling in China Module, you should have completed the Meeting Module or have enough background in Chinese to pass the Meeting Criterion Test. As you move into the more advanced level of Chinese, you may find it helpful to review the optional modules: Personal Welfare, Restaurant, Hotel, Post Office and Telephone, and Car. If you have not yet done these modules, it may be necessary to do so now.

The Criterion Test for Traveling in China will focus largely on this module, but material from the first six modules, of course, will also appear.

Specific

When you have finished this module you should be able to:

• 1. Give an English equivalent for any Chinese sentence from the Target List.

• 2. Give a Chinese equivalent for any sentence from the Target List.

• 3. Discuss with a guide or travel agent your plans for a trip

to China, what sort of things you want to see, what parts of the country you want to visit, and what aspects of the culture you want to make a point of learning about; and you should be able to name five different places or things that you would like to see.

U. Make a visit to a day-care center and understand the representative’s speech about the facility; be able to ask and understand questions about when the day-care center was established, why day-care centers are needed, how the parents and children react to being separated, the goals of taking care of the children, how the children spend their time, and what happens when a child gets sick.

• 5. Make a.visit to the Great Wall and understand the guide’s talk about the structure; be able to ask and understand questions about where the wall begins and ends, when the wall was built, what conditions led to its being built, what its purpose was, how it was built, whether it was repaired, and what its dimensions are; and you should also be able to use the expressions for B.C. and A.D. and. to convert distances from kilometers to Chinese miles and vice versa.

• 6. Make a visit to the Ming Tombs and understand the guide’s talk about it; be able to ask and understand questions about the lay-out of the Ming Tombs park, when the tombs were built, the archaeological findings in the tombs, how the tombs were built, and where the materials came from.

• 7. Make a visit to a commune and understand the representative’s talk about it; be able to ask and understand questions about when the commune was established, how large it is, how many people live and work there, what is grown there, whether production is mechanized, what is produced in addition to agricultural products, how the commune is organized

' administratively, and what health care facilities there are on the commune.

• 8. Make a visit to a commune and ask a commune member how the communes were originally organized, what conditions were like before communization, what stages there were leading up to communization, what conditions were like under these various stages, and how long it took to reach total communization throughout the country.

• 9. Make a visit to the Former Imperial Palace in Peking and understand the guide’s talk about it, be able to ask and understand questions about when the palace was built, what dynasties used it as the imperial residence and governmental center, how large the palace and its grounds are, what certain halls or palace rooms are and what their use was, what the conditions were leading to the end of the Ch’ing Dynasty, what revolution overthrew the government, and who led the revolution.

• 10. Make a visit to a factory and understand the guide’s talk about it, be able to ask and understand questions about what is produced there, what is the size or capacity of production and how much is produced each year, where the workers get their tools and materials, what wages and benefits the workers get, how many women workers there are, where the workers live, how much rent and utility fees they must pay, and what study programs are available to the worker.

About Module 7

Starting with Module 7, there will be only two tapes per unit, instead f five.

Tape 1 will introduce the material on the Reference List, giving you a hance to learn to understand these sentences and to practice saying them, ape 1 replaces both the C-l and P-1 tapes which you used in Modules 1-6.

You will find that the Tape 1 is denser in its content and faster aced than either the C-l or P-1 tapes. The number of new vocahnlary -fta-ms in ach unit has been increased from 20-25 to 30-35. You will also notice that he sentences are increasing in length. Since you must learn to comprehend^ is well as say these sentences from a single tape, you will need to develop' rour own new ways of using the tape. You may find that you will need to rewind he tape and review the presentation of each sentence several times. Also .here is less English explanation on the tape. Explanations which were 'ormerly found on the C-l and P-1 tapes are now found only in the Reference Votes. You will need to go over the Notes carefully since they are now your only source of grammatical explanation.

Tape 2 will replace the C-2 and P-2 tapes. Each Tape 2 will start off vith a review of the sentences from the Reference List. This will be followed by three dialogues. You should listen to each dialogue until you inderstand it thoroughly. The workbook which accompanies Tape 2 describes she situation in which the conversation takes place and provides you with my additional vocabulary you may need to understand it. You will not be aeld responsible for these additional vocabulary items. The workbook also contains questions about each dialogue. You will need to prepare answers to these questions in Chinese based on the information in each dialogue. Your teacher may ask you to answer these and other questions about the conversation in class.

In this module we have attempted to use the language of modern-day People’s Republic of China. Because most of the language in this module arises in situations where a representative of some organization is speaking to foreign visitors, the language often has an official flavor. Although you may not like to use this sort of language, it is important for you to master it in order to interact effectively when you have the opportunity. Since the first people whom foreign visitors meet are representatives of some sort, it is necessary to learn the language as it is presented here if .your questions are to be appropriately phrased and elicit the information you want.

A note on romanizations: The Chinese language transcribed in this course is written in the Hanyu Pinyin System. However, when Chinese proper names occur as part of the English, the traditional postal service spelling is used for the names of provinces and several well-known places, and the Wade-Giles system is used in all other cases.

BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY OF PEKING AMD PEKING MUNICIPALITY

Unit 1, Reference List

1. A: Wo jìhua zài BSijlng fSngwèn yíge xlngqi.

2. B: Wo bù zhldào nln yào canguande zhòngdiǎn shi neixiě fangmiàn■

A:   Shi gōngyè fangmiàn.

3« A:       dùì nftngyè hén

yí»u xlngqu.

U. A: Qīng ni gěi wo ānpai cānguānde dìfang, yuè duo yuè hǎo.

5. B: W8men mlngtian qù cBnguān BSijing ^iāoqū de rénmln gongshfe.

6. A: W3 hSn xiSng qù cānguān GùgSng Bowuyuàn.

• B: H&o, wb hùutian pèi ni

qù.

• 7- B:   Zài Beijíngde zhèi yíduàn

Changchéng jiao Bádàlìng.

• 8. B:   Shls&nllng jiù shi

Mingling.

• B: Dàj iÙ dōu shu3 JShísānllng,

yīnwei nàr you shfsSnge llngmù.

• B: Wàiguo péngyou d3u shùō Mingling, yinwei nà shi Mlngcháode llngmù.

I plan to visit Peking for one week.

I don’t know what aspect you would like to stress on your visit.

The industrial aspect.

I’m interested in agriculture.

Please arrange some places for * me to visit, the more the better.

Tomorrow we will go visit a people’s commune in the suburbs of Peking.

I very much want to go visit the Former Imperial Palace Museum.

Good, I’ll accompany you there the day after tomorrow.

The section of the Great Wall near Peking is called Pataling

The Thirteen Tombs are the Ming Tombs.

Everyone says the Thirteen Tombs because there are thirteen tombs there.

Foreigners all say Ming Tombs because they are tombs from the Ming Dynasty.

• 9. A: Wo yě ‘tīngshuō Béijīng Dàxué you zìjí bànde gōngchǎng.

B: Wo shìshi gěi ni ānpái yíxià.

• 10. A: W3 hái tingshuō xuésheng yé cānjiā láodòng, shì i

B: Búdàn xuésheng, lián gongzuò rényuán měinián dou cānjiā yìdiar l&odōng.

• 11. B : Xīngqīyī xiàwu women qù cānguān yíge yòuéryuán.

• A: Shénme yòuéryuán?

• B: Women qù kàn yíge quántuō yòuéryuán. Cānguān quántuō yòuéryuán bl rìtuō yòuéryuán you yìsi.

• 12. B: Yīhòu nèi liāngtiān nín kànkan qíngkuàng. hái xiāng qù shénme difang, wōmen zài zuò qítāde ānj

I have also heard that students participate in labor, is that right?

Not only students, even staff members, each year participate in some labor.

Monday afternoon we will go visit a kindergarten.

What kindergarten?

We’ll go see a full-care kindergarten. Visiting a full-care kindergarten is more interesting than visiting a day-care kindergarten.

As for the two days following th take a look at the situation and what other places you want to go, and we’ll make further arrangements.

- (Not on tape) -

• 13. Dōngběi

1U. she

Vocabulary

to arrange (see also WLF-1, HTL-1)

Pataling; area northwest of Peking, where the Great Wall is located

to visit as a tourist, to sightsee to participate in

everyone Mancnurìa

aspect, side to visit, to pay a formal visit

factory commune industry staff personnel the Imperial Palace Museum

suburb

to labor even tomb or mausoleum (of a distinguished person)

Ming Dynasty the Ming Tombs

agriculture

situation, conditions the others, the remainder full-care, boarding (kindergarten)

people’s commune personnel day-care (kindergarten)

'The Thirteen Tombs’ to try, to try on, to try out (see also WLF-3)

Unit 1, Reference Notes

Notes on Nos. 1 and 2

fangwèn. cānguān: Both of these verbs mean ’to visit’. While in many situations you can use either fǎngwèn or canguān. there are occasions where one and not the other is appropriate. Cānguān means ’to visit’ in the sense of ’sightsee’. You can cānguān monuments, museums, and parks. Fangwèn is used to mean ’to visit’ when there will be formal interaction between people. Fǎngwèn is also used when talking about formal visits between leaders, or visits to factories or offices where the visitors will have a chance to talk with the workers there.

• ♦.. nín yào canguande zhòngdiǎn shi neixiě fāngmiàn?: The noun zhòngdiǎn means ’key point, strong point, central point’. The noun fāngmiàn means ’area, side,, facet, aspect’. A fairly literal translation of the sentence above might be ’The key points which you want to visit are which aspects?*

Here are some example sentences using fāngmiàn.:

Liang fāngmiànde yìjian women dōu yīnggāi tīngting.

We should listen to the opinions of both sides.

I am prepared to speak with you today about the economic side of China's problems.

• 3. C: W3 duì nóngyè hen you xìngqu.

I’m very interesteǒ in agriculture.

A common way to use the yue ... yue ... pattern is with the verb lai in the first position. The yuè lai yuè ... pattern means ’increasingly ... ’.

Tiānqi yuè lai yuè nuanhuo.

• 5- B: .Women míngtian qù cānguān Beijing jīaoqùde yíge rénmín gōngshè.

Notes on Ko. 5

rénmín gōngshè: ’People’s commune’ You’ve seen rénmín before in phrases such as renminbi, ’People’s currency’.

Rénmín means ’people’ in the sense of ’citizens of the country’.

• 6. A: Wo hen xiang qù cānguān Gùgōng Bówuyuàn.

  I very much want to visit the Imperial Palace Museum.

  Good, I’ll accompany you there the day after tomorrow.

  
  

B: Hao, wo hòutian péi nǐ qù.

Notes on No. 6

Gùgōng Béwuyiièn; ’The (former ) Imperial Palace Museum’ This was the palace of the ruling families of the Ming and Ch'ing Dynasties. It is located in the center of Peking. In conversation it is sometimes referred to simply as the Gùgōng.

• 7. B: Zài Běijīngde zhèi yíduàn The section of the Great Chángchéng jiao Badàling.       Wall near Peking is

called Pataling.

Notes on No. 7

This sentence is a good example of the the word order to be used when there are modifiers, specifiers (zhèi, nèi, etc.), and counters (~ge, -jìuàn, etc.) before the noun which is modified. The order is:

• 1) modifying phrase with de (Zài Beijīngde)

• 2) specifier and counter (zhèi yíduàn)

• 3) modified noun.(Chángchéng)

Bádàlǐng: Pataling, also pronounced Bādálǐng, actually refers to a mountain area north of Peking where the Great Wall is located. Since the Great Wall is the main thing of interest there, when people say they are going to Bādálǐng it is understood that they are going to the Great Wall.

Notes on No. 9

gōngchang: ’factory’ In the sentence above, the American refers to the university-managed factory. Many universities in China have factories which are run by students and faculty. These factories serve two purposes. One is to give the students an opportunity to learn on-the-job skills, similar to some of the work-study programs in American universities. The other is to give the students an opportunity to participate in labor.

shìshi: ’to tyr, to attempt, to try out* Here are some examples:

Notes on No. 10

cānjiā: ’To participate, to take part in something’

lácdong: ’labor’ or ’to labor’, ’to do physical work' In the PRC the phrase cānjiā láodòng, literally 'to participate in labor', is often used to say someone does physical labor.

Zhèiwèi lǎo rén shēntǐ          This old person's health

hěn jiànkāng. Qīshi suì le, is very good. He's seventy hái néng láodòng.               years old and still

can do labor. .

lián ... dōu: ’Even ... (all)' Because the word lián can occur at the beginning of a sentence or a clause, it has been called a connective, like kěshi or suoyi. Because it seems to take an object, and occurs before the main verb in the sentence, it has also been called a prepositional verb, like cong or gěi. There are exceptions to both of these generalizations. You may find it helpful to think of lián simply as an adverb. Like other adverbs, the position of lián in the sentence may vary, but it always occurs before the verb. Lián can be followed by nouns or

• * verb phrases. Either the adverb cLōu or the adverb yě must be used in a sentence with lián. Here are some examples.

  Neige háizi lián tang dou bù xíhuan chī le.

  
  

That child doesn’t even like to eat candy anymore.

Tá mùqin zou le. Tā lián His mother has gone. He chūlai yě bù chūlai le.        won't even come out.

gōngzuò renyuán: 'Staff member’, literally 'Working personnel' In this situation gōngzuò renyuán refers to whitecollar workers other than the faculty members at the university such as administrators. In other situations, gōngzuò renyuán may refer to other types of white-collar workers. It is used in contrast to gōngren, 'workers'.

• 11. C: Xīngqīyī xiàwu women qù cānguān yíge yòuéryuán.

• A: Shénme yòuéryuán?

C: Women qù kàn yíge quántuō yòuéryuán. Cānguān quántuō yòuéryuán bī rìtuō yòuéryuán you yìsi.

Notes on No. 11

yòuěryuán: ’Kindergarten’ The Chinese system of day-care facilities provides nurseries, tuōěrsuo, for children up to three years of age, and kindergartens, yòuěryuán, for children from three to six years. Literally, yòuěryuán is 'yòuér*, ’young child’, plus yu&n, ’garden*.

quántuō yòuěryuán/rìtuō^yòuěryuán: There are two kinds of Chinese kindergartens: quántuō yòuěryuán, ’full-care kindergartens’, where children board from Monday through Saturday, and rìtuS yòuěryuán, ’day-care kindergartens’, where children spend part of the day while their parents work.

• 12. C: Yíhòu nèi liǎngtiān nín       As for the two days following

  that, take a look at the situation, and what other places you want to go, and we’ll make further arrangements.

  
  

  kànkan qíngkuàng, hái xiǎng qù shénme difang, wSmen zài zuò qítǎde anpái.

  
  

Notes on No. 12

qítā: ’the other one, the others’

qíngkuàng: ’situation, conditions’ You’ll often hear this word used in phrases such as zài...qíngkuàngxià, ’under... conditions’.

hái xiǎng qù ...: A closer translation of the rest of the sentence would be as ’if ... (then) ...’ clauses: 'and if you want to go to any other places, we’ll make further arrangements’.

Unit 1, Tape 1 Review Dialogue

(An American talks with his guide at his hotel about the plans for his trip in China.)

B:    Maikèěr Jiàoshou, nin xiuxihao Professor McKellar, did you

. le? Chiguo fan le ma?              rest well? Have you eaten?

• A: Xiūxile yìhùír. Gang chiguo fan. I rested awhile. I’ve just

Zhèrde canting zhēn bu cuò.        eaten. The dining room is

Zhōngcān, Xícān dōu fēicháng hSo. very good. Both the Chinese food and the Western food ar< extremely good.

• B: Nà hSo. Nín duì nóngyè y8u xingqu All right. Are you interested

ma? Míngtian shàngwu women qù in agriculture? How about cānguān Beijing jiāoqū yíge        going to visit a people’s

rénmín gongshè, hao bu hao?        commune in "Che suburbs of

Peking tomorrow morning ?

• A: Hao, na dagai yao yòng duōshao

shijian?

• B: Wo gījji yào yíge shàngwu.

• A_: Xiàwu ne?

  Fine, how long will that proba take?

  I estimate that it will take t whole morning.

  And the afternoon?

  
  

  B:

  
  

  Xiàwu wo keyi pěi ni huòzhe ni zìjǐ dào Gùgōng Bowuyuàn qù. LÍ fàndiàn hen Jin, keyi zōuzhe qìL Gùgōng, dìfang^hěn da. Wo xiang yige xíSwu kàn-buwán. Guò liangtiān nín you gōngfu keyi zài qù yici.

  
  

In the afternoon I can accompany you or you can go yourself to the Imperial Palace Museum. It's not far from the hotel. You can walk there. The Palace is large.

I don't think you can see it all in one afternoon. In a few days if you have time you can go again.

Xīngqǐyī wo zhūnbèi gěi ni ānpái fǎngwèn Beijing Dàxué.

I'm preparing for you to visit Peking University on Monday.

A: Hěn hSo. Wo tèbié xiang he Zhōngguo jiāo jīngji-xuéde jiàoshou duō tantan. Wo ye tingshuō dàxué you zìjǐ bànde gōngchāng. Vǒ yě xiang cānguān canguan, xíng bu xíng?

• B: Wo shìshi ānpái yixia.

Great. I especially want to talk at length with Chinese professors of economics. I have also heard that the university runs its own factory. I'd like to visit that too, is that all right?

I'll try to arrange it.

• A: Wǒ hái tíngshuō xuésheng

yě cānjiā láodòng, shi ma?

• B: Duì. Budàn xuésheng,

lián gōngzuò rényuán měinián dōu cānjiā yìdiǎr láodòng. Xīngqīyī xíàwu women qù cānguān yíge yòuěryuán.

• A: Shénme yòuěryuán?

• B: Women qù kùn yíge quántuō

yòuěryuán. Cānguān quántuō yòuěryuán bǐ rìtuǒ yòuér-yuán you yìsi.

A:   Hen hao.

B: Màikèěr Jiào.ihòu, yǐhòu liǎngtiān nín kànkan qíngkuàng, hái xiǎng qù shénme dìfang, cānguān shénme, women zài tántan zài zuò qítāde ānpái. Nín kàn zhèiyang hǎo bu hǎo?

T.’ve also heard, that the students participate in labor, is that right?

Yes. Not only students, but even staff personnel participate eacn year in some labor. Monday afternoon we⁴11 go visit a kindergarten.

What kindergarten?

We’ll go see a full-care kindergarten. It’s more interesting to go visit a full-care kindergarten than it is to go visit a day-care kindergarten.

Very good.

Professor McKellar, as for the two days following that, see what the situation is, and we’ll talk some more and make further arrangements about what other places you want to go and what you want to see.

Unit 1, Tape 2 Workbook

xercise 1

This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this lit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause ir you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm )ur answer.

All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may ant to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.

xercise 2

This exercise contains a conversation in which an. American talks with is guide in Peking about the plans for the rest of his trip.

The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely, ou'll probably want to rewind the tape and answer.the questions on page 22 s you listen a second time.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this onversation:

Guilin                            Kueilin, Capital of GuǎngxI province

a famous scenic city in Southern China

Note: In this conversation you will see the conjunction he used between two verbs.

Wo xiang kànkan nīmen             I’d like to see how you use and

zěnmeyàng shǐyòng he              manufacture tractors.

zhìzào tuōlājī.

In older usage, he was restricted to being used between two nouns or noun phrases.

Exercise 3 t

In this exercise you’ll hear a conversation in which an American professor of sociology arrives at the airport in Peking and later, after a rest, discusses the plans for her trip with her guide.

Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the

>te: In the Chinese speaker’s last line of the conversation, the verb iǎo is used to mean 'come around to get (someone), come around to see jomeone)', as in zhǎo péngyou, 'to go see a friend'.

cercise 4

In this exercise you will again hear an American discuss his plans for is trip in China with his guide.

Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the ipe and listen again. On the second time through, answer the questions

as beautiful as a painting

to contact someone (about a matter)

should, ought; it’s about time to...

Questions for Exercise 2

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. Why is the American interested in industrial and agricultural conditions?

• 2. In addition to touring and visiting, what else would the American like to do?

• 3. How long will he be staying in China this time?

U. What does the guide suggest is a good place to see tractors in us<

• 5. Why does the guide suggest the American visit Shanghai?

• 6. When it comes to having a good time, what is the best place to visit?

• 7. Where does the guide suggest the American visit first?

• 8. What is the suggested schedule for the rest of the trip?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 2U . You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

• Questions for Exercise 3

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. What does Ms. White want to stress on her visit?

• 2. What aspects of society is she particularly interested in?

• 3. How long will Ms. White be visiting in China?

if. What sorts of places does she want to visit?

5. What specific places does the guide suggest she visit in Peking?

After you answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a

Look at the translation for this conversation on page 27 • You may also rant to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.

ìuestions for Exercise U

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will oe able to give them orally in'class.

• 1. How long is Mr. Black staying in China?

• 2. What is the main reason he has come to China?

• 3. How does he know about China’s famous scenic places?

• U. Why does Mr. Black say that he will follow his guide’s suggestion as to which places to go?

• 5. What places does the guide suggest he visit in Peking?

• 6. What places in the south does the guide suggest he visit?

• 7. What is the schedule that the guide finally gives him? Where does he go after Peking? After Sian? After Shanghai?

íkfter you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a Look at the translation for this conversation on page 30 . You may also rant to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.

In this dialogue you will hear the sentence Xiànzài wSmen kě bu kěyi ■ántan nTde canpnan fangwèn jìhua?. Notice the question is formed using i variation of the VERB BU VERB pattern. There only the first syllable ,f kéyi is used in the first part of the pattern. This also happens with the •erb zhidao, as in Ni zhī bu zhìdào?

C: Dàiwéisī Xiansheng, zǎo.

A: Zǎo, Xiao «Sng-

C: Chī zǎofan le ma?

A: Chīguò le.

Good morning, Mr. Davis.

Good morning, Xiǎo Wǎng.

Have you had breakfast yet?

Yes, I have.

C: Women tǎntan nī cānguān fǎng-wènde jìhua, hǎo bu hǎo?

A: Hǎo.

C: NĪ zhèicì lai Zhōngguo fǎngwènde zhongdiǎn shi něixie fāngmian?

A: Women gongsī shi zhizǎo tuōlā-jīde. Zhèicì pāi wo lǎi shi kànkan Zhōngguode gōngyè he nongy è fāngmi ande qí ngkuàng. Wo xiǎng kànkan nīmen zěnme-yàng shīyōng he zhìzào tuōlājī. Chúle cānguān fǎngwèn yīwài wo yě yào dào you míngde fēngjīng hǎode dìfang qù warwar. Zhèi shi wo dìyīcì dào Zhōngguo lǎi. Wo zài Měiguode shihou jiù kànle yixie shū. Wo zhīdao Zhōngguo you hen duō hen piào-liangde dìfang. Wo hen xiǎng qù kànkan.

C: Nī zhèicì zài Zhōngguo keyi zhù duō jiu?

A: Sānge xīngqī.

C: Shīyōng tuōlājī zuì duōde dìfang shi Dōngběi. Dōngběi you dà píngyuǎn. You hen duō guōyíng nōngchǎng. Yě you hen duō tuōlājī zhìzào-chǎng. Lìngwài, zài Shàng-hǎi yě you tuōlājī zhìzào-chǎng. Shanghai fùjìnde hěn duo rénmín gōngshè dōu

The place where tractors are used the most is Manchuria. Manchuria has large plains. There are a lot of state farms. There are also a lo of tractor manufacturing plants. In addition, there are also tractor manufactur plants in Shanghai. A lot

shlyòng tuōlǎjī. Yào shuō-dao war, zài Beijing zuì you yìsi.

Duì le. Wǒ. yí ding, yào qù Cháng-cheng, Mingling, he Yihe-yuán.

Hái you Gùgōng Bowuyuàn. Nī you xìngqu ma?

Nín duì yòuěryuán, xuéxiào you xìngqu ma?

Wo zhèicì meiyou hen duo shí-jian. Deng xià yícì zài láide shíhou zài qù fǎngwèn ba.

Name wǒ xiǎng nǐ key! xiān zài Beijing wár sānsìtiān. Yǐhòu jiù qù Tianjin. Tianjin yě shi yíge gōngyè chengshì. Zài Tianjin cānguān fǎngwèn liāngtiān jiù qù Dōngběi.

Zài Dōngběi qù něixiě chengshì ne?

Shěnyáng hé ĀnshSn. Zhèi liangge difang yígong xūyao yíge xīngqǐ. Ránhòu fēi Shànghǎi. Zài Shanghai cānguān fǎngwèn sìwǔtiān, zài cǒng Shànghǎi zuò huǒchē qù Suzhou, Nánjīng. Mei yíge dìfang wár yìliǎngtiān jiù xíngle. Ránhòu qù Hangzhou.

Duì. Qù Guǎngzhǒu yǐqián, wǒ hái xiǎng qù Guilin zhù liāngtiān. Shíjian gòu bu gou? Néng bu neng ānpái? of people's communes in the vicinity of Shanghai use tractors. As far as having a good time is concerned, Peking is the best place.

Right. I want to be sure to go to the Great Wall, the Ming Tombs, and the Summer Palace.

And then there's the Imperial Palace Museum. Does that interest you?

Uh-huh, I'd like to go there.

Are you interested in kindergartens and schools?

I don't have much time this trip. Perhaps I'll go visit those the next time I come.

In that case I think you could first enjoy yourself in Peking for three or four days. Then go to Tientsin. Tientsin is an industrial city, too. You can visit in Tientsin for two days, and then go to Manchuria.

Which cities will I go to in Manchuria?

Shenyang and Anshan. These two places will take one week altogether. Then you’ll fly to Shanghai. In Shanghai you'll visit for four or five days, and then take the train from Shanghai to Soochow and Nanking. If you spend one or two days in each place, that'll be just about right. Then you'll go to Hangchow.

Right. Before I go to Canton, I'd also like to spend two days in Kueilin. Is there enough time? Can it be

C: Nín shi Huàitè Nushì ha. Wo shi Zhōngguo Lūxíngshède. Wo jiao Mǎ Jiànguo.

A: 0, Lao Mǎ, nǐ hǎo?

-C: Nín yílùshang lēi bu lei?

A: Hai hǎo, hǎi hǎo, bú tài lèi.

C: Qǐng ni bǎ nǐde xíngli piào gěi wo, wS qù gěi ni qù xíngli. Yě qǐng ni bǎ hùzhào gěi wo. Wo qù ban yixia shǒuxù. Nǐ zài zhèli zuò yixia, xiūxi xiūxi.

A: Hǎo.

You must be Ms. White. I’m from the China Travel Bureau. My name is Mǎ Jiànguo.

Oh, hello, Lǎo Mǎ.

Did you have a tiring trip?

It was all right; not too tiring.

Let me have your baggage ticket, please, and I’ll go pick up your luggage. And let me have your passport, too, please. I’ll go take care of customs. Have a seat here and rest a bit.

All right.

(Dàole lùguǎn, Huàitè Nushì xiūxile liǎnggeduō xiǎoshí yǐhou, Mǎ Tongzhì you huídao tāde fangjiSnli lǎi.)

(After they arrive at the hotel and Ms. White has rested for a little more than two hours, Comrade Mǎ comes back to her room.)

C: Huàitè Nushì, nín xiūxihǎole ma?

A: Xiūxihǎole.

C: Women tǎnyitǎn nínde fǎngwèn jìhua, zěnmeyàng? Nín canguande zhòngdiǎn shi shenme?

A: Hǎo. Wo shi xuě shèhuixuěde.

Wo yào canguande shi Zhōngguo shèhuìde gè fangmian. tèbiě shi guānyu fùnū fāng-miande qíngkuàng. WS tīng-shuō jiéle hūn ySu hǎizide Zhōngguo fùnū dàduōshù dōu gōngzuò. Wo xiang zhǐdao tāmen shi zěnme ānpǎi tāmen-de shíjian, yòu gōngzuò yòu gǎo jiālide shi.

Are you all rested, Ms. White?

Yes, I am.

How about discussing the plans for your trip? What do you want to stress ón your visit?

All right. I study soc iology. I’d like to observe various aspects of Chinese society, especially the situation with regard to women. I hear that the majority of Chinese women work after they marry and have children. I’d like to find out how they arrange their time, working and taking care of their homes at the same time.

C: Nín jìhua zài Beijing zhù jī-tiān?

A: Zài Zhōngguo yígòng cānguān fǎngwèn sìge xīngqī. Wō xīwang cānguān yòuéryuán. Quántuōde, rìtuōde, dōu yào kàn. Duì gōngyè hé nōngyè wō yě you xìngqu. Wō xiǎng cānguān yìliǎngge gōngchǎng he rénmín gōngshè.

C: Hǎo.

A: 0. Wō hái xiǎng cānguān xué-xiào hé yīyuàn. Wō xīwang nī gěi wo ānpái fǎngwèn jige Zhōngguo ^iātíng, hé tāmen tántan hua.

C: Beijing you míngde fēngjīng hǎode dìfang hen duō, nín yě yào qù wár ba?

A: Duì le, duì le. Wo zai Meiguo jiù tīngshuō Beijing you hen duō you yìsi hé hǎokànde dìfang. Wō yídìng děi qù wárwar. Nī shuō něixie dìfang zuì hǎo ne?

C: Wō xiǎng nī yídìng děi qù cānguān Gùgōng Bōwuyuàn, Cháng-chéng, Shísānlíng, yě jiù shi Mingling, hái you Yìhéyuán. Yàoshi you shíjian hái keyi qù kànkan Rénmín Dàhuìtáng.

A: Cōng Měiguo dào Zhōngguo lái bù rōngyi, nī gěi wo ānpái cānguān de dìfang, yuè duō yuè hǎo.

C: Hǎo. Wō shìshi. Xiànzài jiù qù dǎ diànhuà liánxi. Nín yě gāi chī fàn le. Cāntīng jiù zài yīléu. You Xīcān yě you Zhōngcān. Děng yìhuīr wō zài

lai zhǎo ni.

V: Hǎo, xièxie.

Bu kèqi.

Western-style food and Chinese food. I’ll come hack to see you in a while.

Okay, thank you.

Don't mention it.

C: Zǎo, Bùláikē Xiansheng.

A: Zao, Lī Tongzhì.

C: Xiànzài women kě bu keyi tán-yitán nīde cānguān fǎngwèn jìhua? Ni zài Zhōngguo yígòng zhù duōshao tiān? Nī yào cānguānde shi něi yì-fāngmian? Chúle Beijing nī hai xiǎng qù něixie dìfang?

A: Wo kěyi zài Zhōngguo cānguān fǎngwèn sānge xingqí. Gōng-chǎng, xuěxiào, renmín gong-shè, wǒ dōu yào kàn yìliǎng-ge, kǎshi wǒ shi lai Zhōngguo wǎrde. Wǒ cong xiǎo jiù tīngshuō Zhōngguo you hen duō you you yìsi, fēngjing you hen piàoliangde dìfang. Xīwang wǒ dōu néng qù kànkan. Zhōngguo nàme dà, you míngde dìfang nàme duō, wǒ bù něng dōu qù. Xīwang nī gěi wo ānpáide dìfang yuè duō yuè hǎo. Qù něixie dìfang, zěnme zǒu zuì shěna shijian, nī zhīdaode bī wǒ qīngchu. Wǒ jiù ting nīde ānpái ba.

C: Hǎo. Wǒ xiǎngxiang. Beijing yǒu hěn duō yōu you yìsi you hǎowárde dìfang, xiàng Gùgōng Bowuyuàn, Yìhěyuán, Chángchěng, Shísānlíng, shen-mede. Nī yídìng děi qù warwar . Zài nánfāng—Shànghǎi, Nanjing, Sūzhōu, Hangzhou, Guilin, Guǎngzhōu, fēngjīng dōu hěn hǎo. Zài běifāngde Dàtǒng, Tàiyuán, Xī’ān, dōu yǒu lìshī gǔj ì. bù zhīdào nī duì tamen yǒu meiyou xìngqu?

Good morning, Mr. Black.

Good morning, Comrade Lī.

May we talk about your sightseeing plans a bit now? How many days in all are you staying in China? Which aspec is it that you’d like to visit? Which places would you like to go in addition to Peking?

I’ll be able to sightsee and visit in China for three weeks. I’d like to see one or two each of factories, schools, and people’s communes, but I’ve come to China for a pleasure trip. Ever since I was a child I’ve heard that China had a lot of interesting, scenic places.

I wish I could go see them all China is so big, and there are so many famous places, that I can’t go to all of them. I hope you can arrange as many places as possible for me. You know better than I which places to go to and how to go to save the most time. I’ll just follow your arrangements .

All right, let me think. There are a lot of interesting and fun places right in Peking, like the         Imperial

Palace Museum, the Summer-Palace, the Great Wall, the Thirteen Tombs, and so on.

You certainly must go see them In the south, the scenery is n in Shanghai, Nanking. Soochow, Hangchow, Kueilin, and Canton. In the north, there are historic ancient remains at Tat’ung, Tǎiyùan, and Sian. I

wonder if you’d be interested in them?

Wo duì lìshī gǔjì hen you xìngqu. A:

I’m very interested in historic remains.

I think you should sightsee in Peking for three or four days. Then take the train to Tat’ung and. T’aiyǔan. Three or four days would be enough to enjoy yourself in these two places. Then take the train from Thiyùan to Sian. Sian used to be called Ch’sing’an. It’s an ancient capital. It has a lot of historical remains.

How’s the weather in Sian at this time?

Sian is a little warmer than here. From Sian you fly direct to Nanking. The ’Chung-snan Tomb’ in Nanking is Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s tomb. It’s very well constructed. You must go visit it. Wusih and Soochow are both near Nanking. Do you want to go there?

Are Wusih and Soochow nice?

The T’ai Lake in Wusih is much larger than West Lake in Hangchow, and it’s also beautiful. Stay in Soochow two days to see the historic remains, and then go to Shanghai. Shanghai is an industrial city, so you can visit factories and people’s communes there.

How many days do I spend in Shanghai ?

If you stay in Shanghai three days that would be enough

How long does it take to get from Shanghai to Hangchow by train?

C: Cong Shanghai dào Hangzhou zuò huǒchē wǔge xiǎoshí jiù dào-le. Hangzhou bú yòng wǒ jièshao le. Ni yídìng tīng-shuōle nèi shi yíge piào-liangjílede difang. Hang-zhōu yě shi yíge gǔdū. Cong Hangzhou zuò fēijī dào Guilin. Guilin shānshuǐ měide xiang huàr yíyàng. Nǐ yi-dìng huì xihuande. Cong Guilin zuò fēijǐ qù Guangzhou. Zài GuǎngzhSu war liǎngsāntiān. Nǐ kàn zhèige jìhua zěnmeyàng?

A: Èn. Zhèige jìhua tài hǎole. Jiù zhènme ban ba. Qǐng ni gěi wo gēn Luxíngshè liǎnxi. Xièxie ni.

C: By train from Shanghai to Hangchow you arrive in five hours. I don’t need to recommend Hangchow. You must have heard that it's an extremely beautiful place. Hangchow is also an ancient capital. You’ll take a plane from Hangchow to Kueilin. The scenery in Kueilin is as beautiful as a painting. I'n sure you'll like it. From Kueilin you take a plane to Canton. You relax in Canton for two or three days. How does that plan sound to you?

A: Uh-huh. It’s a great plan. That’s the way we'll do it. Would you please contact the Travel Bureau about this for me? (lianxi is original! transitive, the object is the matter in question-here the object is understood) Thank you.

C: Not at all.

Unit 2, Reference List

• 1. A: Zhèige yòuéryuán shi něinián chénglìde?

B: Shi Yījiǔsìjiùnián chénglìde.

• 2. A: Tāmende fùmS dōu shi gànbù ma?

B: Bù dou shi. Tāmende fùmù, yōude shi gonerén, yōude shi Jièfàngjùn, yē yōude shi gàhbù.

• 3. A: Tāmen dōu shi shuāngzhí gōng ma?

• B: Shi.

• II. A: Jiāzhāng wèishénme yào bā háizi sòngdao quántuō youéryuán?

B: JiāzhSng yōude shíhou yào qù wàidì chūchāi.

5. B: Tāmen dōu hěn máng, bù néng zhàogu haizi suoyi rang yòuéryuán bānezhu tāmen zhàogu háizi.

What year was this kindergarten established?

It was established in 19^9-

Are their parents all cadre members?

Not all. Some of their parents are workers, some are members of the Liberation Army, and some are cadre members.

Are they all working couples?

Yes.

Why do the parents want to send their children to a full-care kindergarten?

Sometimes the parents have to go out of town on business.

They are all very busy, and can't look after the children, so they have the kindergarten help them take care of the children.

6. A: Měibān měitiān dōu shàng jǐjié kè?

• B: Xiǎobān shàng yìjié kè. Zhōngban he dàbǎn dōu shàng liǎngjié kè.

  7. B:

  <8. A:

  B:

  9. A:

  A:

  B:

  10. A:

  B:

  
  

Qítāde shíjian dōu shi zuò yōuxi.

Chúle yōuxi yǐwài, hái zuò shénme?

Tāmen jiàoyu háizimen cōng xiǎo jiù yào ài láodòng, ài zǔguō, ài Gongchǎndǎng.

Háizi líkāi fùmǔ, zhùzai yòuéryuánli, xiǎng bu xiǎng jiā?

Fùmǔqin ye fàngxin ma?

Háizimen gang láide shíhou dāngrán you diar xiǎng jiā, kěshi hen kuài jiù huì xíguàn le.

Háizimen chide zěnmeyàng?

Chúle sāndùn fàn yiwài, háizi wushul yi-hòu hái chi yícì diǎnxin.

• 11, A: Zhèige yòuěryuán yǒu jijiān bìnefáng?

• B: Yǒu sānjiān bìngfáng.

• 12, A: Háizi shēng bìngle zěnme ban?

B: Háizi shēng bìngle, dàifu gěi tamen zhìliáo.

How many sessions does each class have every day?

The younger class has one session. The middle and older classes both have two sessions.

All the other time is for playing.

Besides play what else do they do?

They educate the children from the time they are small to love labor, love the fatherland, and love the Communist Party.

When the children leave their parents and live in the kindergarten, do they get homesick?

And are the parents’ minds at eas<

When the children first arrive, they are of course a little homesick, but they soon become accustomed to it.

How* do the children eat?

Besides their three meals, after the afternoon nap the children also eat a snack.

How many infirmary rooms does this kindergarten have?

There are three infirmary rooms.

What do you do when the children get sick?

When the children get sick, the doctor treats them.

• 13, ^B: Guānyu yòuéryuánde qíngkuàng, wǒ jiù jièshào dào zhèli.

B: Ruguo nǐmen you shenme wèntí, huānyíng nimen tíchulai.

lk, A: Xièxie nímende zhāodài.

As for the situation in the kindergarten, I will end my introduction here.

If you have any questions, you are welcome to bring them up.

Thank you for your hospitality.

to playj to play games; recreation, game, play

hospitality

to look after

staff and workers; employee (staff member or worker)

to treat, to cure ancestral homeland, fatherland

Unit 2, Reference Notes

1. A: Zhèige yòuéryuán shi                What year was this

něinián chenglìde?                  kindergarten estab

lished?

B: Shi Yījiùsìjiùnián                  It was established in

chenglìde.                           19^9-

Notes on No. 1

chénglì: ’To establish’, ’to set up*

Měiguo shi Ylqīqīliùnián           The United States was

chenglìde.                           established in 1776.

Notes on No. 2

gànbù: ’cadre’ For the most part cadre members are governinen bureau workers, although you find cadre members in other areas as wel In factories, cadre members are the clerks and managers in the office while the gǒngrén are the workers in the plant. In communes, cadre members may be found in the managing of the unit.

...yě youde shi gànbù: You have usually seen the adverb yě, ’also’ coming before the verb, but notice that here it starts off the last clause of the sentence.

Jiěfàng.1ūn: The army of the People’s Republic of China is the People’s Liberation Army, Rénmín Jiěfàngjùn. Jiěfàng is the word for ’liberation’.

Note on No.3 shuāngzhígōng: ’working couple’ More literally, this is 'a pair (shuāng) of ’staff members or workers’ (zhígōng).

• A: Jiāzhǎng wèishénme yào              Why do the parents want

ba haizi sòngdao                    to send their children

quántuō yòuéryuán?                  to a full-care kinder

garten?

• B: Jiāzhǎng yǒude shíhou               Sometimes the parents

yào qù wàidì chūchāi.               have to go out of town

on business.

Notes on No. jiāzhǎng: ’parent, mother or father’ Literally this means ;he head of the household*, but it has been expanded to mean ’parent, rther and/or father *.

chūchāi: ’to send out on duty, to go away on official isiness’ Since the verb chūchāi includes the idea of going AWAY i work, the use of the phrase qù wàidì, ’go to places out of town’ is ■r emphasis.

Note on No. 5

ràng yòuéryuán bāngzhu tamen...: The prepositional verb rang ìans ’to let, to allow, to have*. You may have seen ràng in the Personal □.fare Module, Unit 5. (Ràng wo kànkan nǐde hùzhào. ’let me see >ur passport *.) Here are some other examples.

Tā bú ràng wo qù.                    He won’t allow me to go.

You can’t let him handle this matter.

ō> A: Meibān meitiān dōu shàng             How many sessions does

jíjie ke?                             each class have every da;

• B: Xiaobān shang yìjie ke.              The younger class has one

Zhongbǎn he daban,                   session. The middle and

dōu shang liangjié kè.               older classes both have

two sessions.

Notes on No. 6

• -ban: This is the counter for a class in school when you are referring to the students in the class.

Women zhei yìbān you                  Our class has more than

sānshiduōge xuésheng.                  30 students.

• -.He: This is the counter for a session of a class.

• 7. B: Qítāde shíjian dōu                  All the other time is

shi zuo yōuxi.                       for playing.

Note on No. 7

yōuxi: This is the verb ’to play* in the sense of ’play games' It can also be the noun ’game’ or ’recreation*.

Notes on No. 8

chúle...yǐwài: This pattern is used to express the idea ’except for, besides...? or aside from...’. The second part, yǐwài, is sometimes omitted. (See also Unit 6, Reference Note 10.)

Gdngchǎngdǎng: ’Communist Party* You may also hear references made only to dang, ’party*.

Notes on Bo. 9

xiǎng jiā: ’To be homesick, more literally ’to think of home’

fàngxīn: ’To be unworried, to put one’s mind at ease’ Notice that the first definition describes a state, while the second describes an action. The verb fàngxīn acts in both ways.

Ta chúqule, hai meiyǒu             He’s gone out and he’s

huílai. Wo hěn bu                  not back yet! I'm

fàngxīn.                           very worried.

Nī bǎ dōngxi gěi wo»               If you give me the

nī fàngxīn bu fàngxīn?               things, will you be

worried?

Nī fàngxīn ba!                     Put your mind at ease!

(Don’t worry!)

The Chinese sometimes refer? to the heart (xīn) when in English we would refer to the mind. The verb fàngxīn (literally, ’to release the heart’) is one-example. Here’s another:

Nī xīnli ySu shénme shi?           What's on your mind?

Nī xīnli xiǎng shénme?             What are you thinking?

dāngrán: 'of course, naturally’ This is an adverb, and therefore occurs before the verb.

Notes on No. 10

...chide zěnmeyàng?: You’ll remember that the way to talk about how some action is done is to add the marker -de to the verb. Here instead of finding a word describing the manner of action following the verb, you have the question word zěnmeyàng, ’how*.

Ta shuo RÌwén, shuode               How does he speak

zěnmeyàng?                          Japanese?

Ta shuode hěn hǎo.                   He speaks very well.

-dùn: This is the counter for food in meals.

Notes on No. 12.

...dàifu gěi tamen zhìliáo: ’the doctor treats them’ Notice that the prepositional verb gěi is used here. A more literal translation might be ’the doctor treats it for them.* For the verb zhìliáo, the person treated is the indirect object and is so indicated by the prepositional verb gěi. The sickness treated would be the direct object and would follow the verb.

Notes on No. 13.

guānyu: ’As for, about’ Guānyu can occur in two places in the sentence. One is at the beginning of the sentence, the other is after the main verb. At the front of the sentence guānyu introduces the topic which follows. It can be translated as ’as for’ or ’about’. When guānyu leads off a phrase after the verb, it is part of a modifying phrase with the marker de.

tíchulai: ’to bring up (a question, an opinion), to mention’ The verb tí is ’to lift or to raise’.

Unit 2, Tape 1 Review Dialogue

(This is a talk delivered by a representative of the kindergarten to a group of foreign visitors.)

This kindergarten was estal in 19U9. It is a full-care kinde garten. The children come on Me morning and go home on Saturday afternoon. Altogether now there are three hundred children.

Some of the children’s pare are workers, some are members oí Liberation Army, some are teache and some are cadres. All are wc couples.

Sometimes in the evenings t parents go to meetings or study, times they go out of town on bus They are all very busy and can’t after the children, so they brin to a full-care kindergarten and the kindergarten help them take of the children.

Our kindergarten altogether ten classes. The younger class three to four years old, the mid class is from four to five years the older class is from five to years old. Altogether we have f younger classes, three middle cl and three older classes.

Every day the younger class one class, each class lasting fi minutes. Every day the middle c have two classes, each class las twenty minutes. Every day the 0 classes have two classes, each 1 thirty minutes.

All the other time is for p In addition to class and play, v educate the children from the ti are small to love labor, love th fatherland, and love the Communi Party.

(After the presentation, the representative entertains questions from the visitors.)

F:   Chi sìcì. Chúle sāndùn fan

yíwài. wǔghuì yíhòu hai chī yicì dianxin.

M: Ba yíge háizi sòngdao nǐmen yòuěryuán lái, yíge yuè děi duōshǎo qián?

F: Èrshijǐkuài qián.

M: Háizimende jiā dōu zài zhèr fùjìn ma?

F: Bu shi. Tāmende Jiā youde zài fùjìn, youde zài hen yuǎnde dìfang.

M: Hao. Wo xiǎng wo yǐj.ing wènde hen duō le. Xièxie nimende zhāodài.

Unit 2, Tape 2 Workbook

cercise 1

This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this lit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause >r you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm our answer.

All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may mt to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.

tercise 2

This exercise contains a conversation in which a Peking kindergarten Lrector answers an American visitor’s questions about the situation in the indergarten.

The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely 3u will probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on age 48 as you listen to it a second time.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this onvērsation:

tóuyícì                           the first time

kū                                to cry

dànshi                            but, however

baba                              dad, papa

yíngyǎng                          nourishment, nutrition

biǎoyǎn                           to give a performance xercise 3

In this exercise you will hear a conversation in which two university tudents, one Chinese and one foreign, discuss the situation in a Peking indergarten.

Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the econd time through, turn to page I19 and answer the questions.

Here are the new vocabulary items you will need to understand this onversation:

Mmicipality of Peking

boarding kindergarten

to live a communal life

to receive a communal education

to help (required)

to straighten up, to put in order bedroom

to water flowers

story

to sing

to dance

Note: Towards the end of this conversation you will hear the phrase

... zài lǎoshī bāngzhu xià ... ’with the help of the teacher’. In this phrase the English 'with’ or 'under' is expressed in two parts in the Chinese sentence, zài ... xià. You've seen words like xià, shàng, and lǐ used after nouns, as in Zài fànguǎrli, 'In the restaurant'. Here the locational ending xià comes at the end of a phrase, instead of after a nou

Exercise U

In this exercise you will again hear a conversation between a Chinese student and a foreign student in which they talk about a Peking kindergart-

Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then rewind the tape and listen to it again. On the second time through, answer the questions which are found on page U9

For this exercise you will need the following new vocabulary item:

liúxuésheng                       a student studying abroad

Questions for Exercise 2

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will b able to give them orally in class.

• 1. What is the age range of the children in the kindergarten?

• 2. Why do the children like to be in the kindergarten?

• 3. How do the parents of the children feel about their being in the kindergarten?

• U. Is there more than one class in the kindergarten? If so, what are they?

• 5. What happens when a child gets sick in the kindergarten?

• 6. Do parents pay for kindergarten care? If so, how much?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 51. You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

Questions for Exercise 3

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. When was the kindergarten established?

• 2. Since it is a full-care kindergarten, when do the children arrive and when do they leave?

• 3. Give some reasons why the parents send their children to a boarding kindergarten.

• U. Do the children attend kindergarten classes? If so, how many classes do they attend?

5. Besides attending classes, what else do the children do in the kindergarten?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation on page 53 . You may also want to listen to the conversation to help you practice saying the answers which you have prepared.

Questions for Exercise h

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. What place did the speaker visit?

• 2. How many classes are there altogether in the kindergarten and what are the ages of the children in these classes?

• 3. What sort of work do the parents of the children do?

U. How often do the children eat?

• 5. When the visitor went he got a chance to see the children eating lunch. What were they eating?

• 6. Do the children also have snacks? If so, what do they eat then?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation on page 5^ . You may also want to listen to the conversation again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.

C: Guānyu women yòueryuánde qíngkuàng wǒ jiù jièshào dào zhèli. Yàoshi nǐmen yǒu shenme wèntí, huānyíng ni-men tíchulai, women yìqǐ suíhiàn tántan.

A: Xièxie ni gěi women jièshào guānyu nǐmen yòueryuánde qíngkuàng. Nī gàosule women hen duō women yǐqián bù zhīdàode shìqing, dōu hen you yìsi. Wǒ yǒu jige xiǎo wèntí xiǎng wen ni.

C: Hǎo. Nī qīngwèn ba, shenme wèntí dōu huānyíng.

ì A: Zhèlide háizi shi cong sìsuì dào liùsuì, háizimen dōu hái hen xiǎo. Tāmen zhù-zai yòueryuánlí, xiǎng bu xiǎng jiā? Bàba mama xiǎng bu xiǎng háizi?

C: Háizi gang láide shihou huì you diǎn xiǎng jiā, kěshi zài yòueryuánlí you biáde háizi yìqǐ wár, bī jiāli rènao. Háizimen hen kuài jiu xíguàn le. Fùmǔ ne, yīnwei háizi shi tǒuyícì líkai tāmen, Buōyi you shihou háizi kū, mama yě huì kū. Danshi bàba mama zhī-dao zài yòueryuánlí women zhàogu háizi bī jiāli zhào-gude gèng hǎo. Tāmen yě jiu fàng xīn le. Fùmǔ you gōngfu yě keyi lái kàn háizi.

A: Mei yìbān yǒu duōshaoge háizi?

C: Xiànzài xiǎobān you èrshièrge

That’s all I’ll introduce about the situation in our kindergarten. If you have any questions, feel free to bring them up and we’ll chat about them together.

Thank you for giving us a presentation of the situation in your kindergarten. You’ve told us a lot of things we didn’t know before, and.they*re all very interesting. I have a few short questions I’d like to ask you.

All right. Please ask, we welcome any questions.

The children here are from four to six years old, so they’re still all quite young. Do they get homesick staying in the kindergarten? Do the parents miss their children?

When the children have just arrived they will get a bit homesick, but in the kindergarten there are other children to play with, so it’s livelier than at home. The children get used to it very soon. As for the parents, since their children are leaving them for the first time, sometimes when a child cries the mother will cry too. But the mother and father know that at the kindergarten we take even better care of the children than their family does, so they don’t worry. When the parents have time they can come to see their children, too.

How many children are there in each class?

The younger class has twenty-two

háizi. Zhōngbān you èrshili ùge. Dabān you sānshi-duōge.

A: Háizimen yìtiān chi jǐdùn?

C: Sāndùn. Chúle sāndùn fan yǐ-wài wǔshuì yǐhòu hái chi yícì diǎnxin. Women duì háizimende yíngyǎng hěn zhùyì.

A: Háizi shēng bìngle zěnme ban?

C: Women yòuéryuán méiyou dàifu, you yíge hùshi, liǎng-jiān bìngfáng. Ruguo háizi bìngle, hùshi dài ta dào fùjìnde yǐyuàn qu kàn bìng. Hui yòuéryuán yǐhòu, jiù zhùzai bìngfánglí. You hùshi zhàogu ta.

Yíge háizi měige yuè jiāzhǎng děi gěi yòuéryuán duōshao qián?

C: Èrshisì kuǎi qián.

• A: HSo. W3 xi&ng w3 méiyou shenme zài yào wènde le.

C: Name xiànzài qǐng nimen lái kànkan háizimen biǎoyǎn. children now. The middle cl a: has twenty-six. The older cli has over thirty.

How many meals do the children eí a day?

Three. Besides the three meals they also have a snack after their afternoon nap. We pay i great deal of attention to th< children’s nutrition.

What do you do when a child gets sick?

Our kindergarten doesn’t have a doctor, but there’s a nurse a; there are two infirmary rooms If a child gets sick, the nuri takes him to the hospital nea by to see a doctor. After he comes back to the kindergartei he stays in an infirmary. The: is a nurse to take care of hii

How much money do the parents há to give the kindergarten per month for one child?

Twenty-four dollars.

Okay, I don’t think I have anyth else to ask.

In that case, would you please come see the children perform now?

Zuǒtian shàngwu wǒmen qù cānguān Beijing Zhǎnlǎnguānde shihou, nǐmen qù nǎr le?

Wǒmen cānguān yòuéryuán qu le.

Nǐ qù cānguānde shi něige yòuéryuán?

Běijìngshì Dìsān Yòuéryuán.

Zhèige yòuéryuán shi něinián chénglìde?

Yījiǔsìjiǔ. Shi Jiefàng nèi-nián chénglìde.

Shi bu shi quántuō yòuéryuán?

Shide. Háizimen Xingqīrì xià-wu huòshi Xīngqxyi zǎoshang lái yòuéryuán. Xxngqxliù xiàwu huí jiā.

Fùmǔ wèishénme bǎ háizi sòngdao jisù yòuéryuán? Háizimen bù xiǎng jiā ma?

Yinwei háizimende fùmùqin dōu shi shuāngzhígōng, wǎnshang yǒude shíhou yào kāi hui, xuéxí; youde shíhou hái yào qù wàidì chūchāi. Tāmen dōu hen máng, bù néng zhàogu háizi, suoyi yòuéryuán gǎi tamen zhàogu háizi. Haizi cōng xiǎo jiù guòjítí shēnghuo shòu jítx jiaoyu.

Where did you go yesterday morning while we went to visit the Peking Exhibition Hall?

We visited a kindergarten.

Which kindergarten was it that you went to see?

Peking Municipal Kindergarten Number Three.

What year was the kindergarten established?

19^9. It was established the year of Liberation.

Is it a full-care kindergarten?

Yes. The children come to the kindergarten Sunday afternoon or Monday morning. They go home Saturday afternoon.

Why do the parents send their children to a boarding kindergarten? Don’t the children get homesick?

Because the children’s parents are all working couples, and sometimes they have to attend meetings or study in the evening; sometimes they are sent out of town on business, too. They’re all very busy and can’t take care of their children, so the kindergarten takes care of the children for them. The children live a communal life and received a communal education from the time they are little.

Do the children attend classes in the kindergarten?

Yes, they do.

: Yìtiān shàng jījié kè?

: Gèbān bù yíyàng. Xiǎobān měi-tiān shàng yìjié kè. Měi jié shíwúfēn zhōng. Zhōng-bān měitiān shàng l.iǎngjié kè měi jié èrshifēn zhō,ng. Dàbān měitiān shàng liǎngjié kè. Měi Jié sān-shifēn zhōng.

Qítāde shíjian haizimen zuò shénme?

: Qítāde shíjian dōu shi zuo yōuxi. Chúle shàng kè, yōuxi yīwài, yòuéryuán hái jiàoyu háizimen cōng xiǎo jiù ài láodòng. Dàbānde háizi zài lǎoshī bāngzhu xià ahěngliiqīnshìV jiao huār, shénmede. Lǎoshī hái chángcháng gěi háizimen jiǎng gùshi, jiāo tamen chàng gēr^tiào^., jiàoyu tamen ai zuguo, ai Gong-chǎndǎng.

: En, hen you yìsi.

How many classes do they attend a day?

Each class is different. The younger class has one session a day. Each session is fifteen minutes. The middle class has two sessions a day, and each session is twenty minutes. The older class attends two session a day, and each session is thirty minutes.

What do the children do the rest of the time?

All the rest of the time is for pl Besides attending classes and playing, the kindergarten also educates the children from the time ..they are small to love labor. The children in the older class straighten up their bedrooms, water the flowers, and s forth, with the help of their teacher. The teacher also ofte tells the children stories, teaches them to sing and dance, and educates them to love their homeland and the Communist Part

Hm, that’s interesting.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U

: Zuōtian xiàwu wǒ lái zhǎo ní, nī bú zài. Nī dào nǎr qù le?

: Wō hé jīge wàiguo liúxuésheng cānguān yíge yòuéryuán, hen you yìsi.

: Nèige yòuéryuán shi quántuō yòuéryuán háishi rìtuō yòuéryuán?

Yesterday I came to visit you but you were out. Where did you go?

I went with some foreign students studying here to visit a kindergarten. It was very interesting.

Was it a full-care kindergarten or a day-care kindergarten?

: Shi quántuō yòuéryuán. Háizimen dōu zhùzai nar.

It was a full-care one. The children all live there.

A: Tāmen nàr you duōshao háizi? Cong Jǐsuì dào jǐsuì?

• B: Háizimen cong sānsuì dào liù-suì. Yígòng you liùbān, yìbān sìshiduōge háizi.

A: Jiāzhǎngmen dōu shi zuò shénme gōngzuòde?

B: Yǒude shi gōngrén, yǒude shi gànbù, yǒude shi Jiěfàng— jun, ye yǒude shi lǎoshī. Jiāzhǎng dōu shi shuāngzhí-gōng.

• A: Háizimen chide zěnmeyàng?

• B: Háizimen yìtiān chi sìcì. Wo qùde shihou, tāmen zài chi zhōngfàn. Wo kànjian tamen chi mántou_s báicài tang, he qingjiāo chǎo ròusī.

A: Xiàwu chi diǎnxin chi shénme?

B: Tāmen gàosu wo, xiàwu chi diǎnxinde shihou, háizimen you shuǐguǒ, bǐnggān chi.

• A: En. Xià yícì ruguo ni zài péi biéren qu cānguān yòuéryuán ni gàosu wo. Wo he nimen yìqi qù.

• B: Hǎo.

How many children do they have there? What range are their ages?

The children are from three to six years old. Altogether there are six classes, and each class has over forty children.

What work do the parents do?

Some are workers, some are cadre members, some are in the People’s Liberation Army, and some are teachers. The parents are all working couples.

What’s the children’s food like?

The children eat four times a day. When I went, they were eating lunch. I saw them eat steamed rolls, cabbage soup, and shredded pork with green peppers.

What do they eat for their afternoon snack?

They told me that for the afternoon snack the children have fruit and cookies to eat.

• A: Uh-huh. Next time if you go with someone else to visit a kindergarten, tell me. I’ll go with you.

• B: Okay.

  Unit 3

  
  
  
  
  

Guan

Great Wall

—... province

Boundary

• 6. A:. Nei shíhou Zhōngguo hái mei tǔngyī "ba?

C: Duì. Nei shíhou Zhōngguo you qfge xiao guo. Zhèi-xie guō.j iā, wèile bǎohù zìjl, kāishi zài zhòng-yàode dìfang jiànqi chěngqiáng lai.

• 7. A: 0. Zhèixiē guojiā wèile fángbèi běifāng mín-zúde qinlùè jiù kāishi jiàn chengqiáng.

C: Duì.

• 8. c: Qfncháo tǒngyile Zhōngguo yǐhòu, ba chengqiáng liánchéngle yìtiáo hen chángdè Chángcháng.

• 9- C: Qincháo tongyīle Zhōngguo yìhōu ba nèixiē xiao guo jiànzhùde chengqiang liánchengle yìtiáo hen chángde Chángchéng.

At that time China had not yet been united, had it?

That’s right. At that time there ■were seven small states in China. In order to protect themselves, these countries began to build defense walls in important places.

Oh. In order to be on guard against the invasion of northern peoples, these countries began to build defense walls.

That’s right.

After the Ch’in Dynasty united China, they took these defense walls and connected them into one long Great Wall.

After the Ch’in Dynasty united China, they took these walls which were built by these small states and connected them into one long Great Wall.

• 10. A: Women xiànzài kànde shi Chángchéng zuì zǎode yí bùfen ma?

  C: Youde shi zuì zaode, youde shi hòulái xiū.1 iànde.

  
  

Is what we are looking at now one of those earliest sections of the Great Wall?

Some of it is the earliest, some of it is what was built later.

15. C: Jīntian women kandaode Chángchéng shi jingguo MÍngcháo dà guímo xiū-jiàn yìhùude Chángchéng.

16. A: Chángchéng zhènme cháng, xiūjiànqilāi kě zhēn bù róngyi a!

I?. C: Wànlí Chángchéng búdàn shi Zhōngguode wěidà Jiànzhù, zài shi.ìi§-shang yé hén ySu ming.

The Great Wall that we are looking at today is the Great Wall which underwent the large scale repair and building of the Ming Dynasty.

The Great Wall is so long, it really must have been hard to build.

So, the Great Wall is not only a great Chinese structure, it is also famous thoughout the whole world.

Vocabulary

Unit 3, Reference Notes

• 1. A: Wo zài Měiguode shíhou, tīngshuōguo Changchéng, yě kànjianguo Cháng-chéngde túpiàn.

Notes on No. 1

túpiàn; ’illustration, sketch’ Tupiàn refers to things that

• 2. A: Wǒ jIntian qīnyǎn kàndao               I’m really happy to

le, tèbié gāoxing.                     have seen it with my

own eyes today.

Notes on No. 2

qinyǎn: ’one’s own eyes^{1 1}CYou will also see words such as qīnshǒu, ’one’s own hand’, and qīnzi, ’personally, by oneself, in person¹.3

...oīnyǎn kàndao le, tebié gāoxing: In the above sentence, even though there are no connecting words such as ’therefore’, or ’and so¹ between the two clauses, the meaning is that the situation in the first clause CAUSES the feeling in the second clause. The use of the marker le shows the event in the first clause is completed, before the event in the second clause takes place.

• 3. A: Nī néng bu neng gàosu wo Chángchéng shi shénme shíhou jiànzhùde?

  Can you tell me when the Great Wall was built ?

  
  

C: Chángchéng shi liǎng-qianwubaiduō nián yīqián Zhōucháo màniánde shíhou kāishi jiànzhùde.

It was over 2,500 years ago, during the last years of the Chou Dynasty, that they began to build the Great Wall.

Notes on No. 3

jiànzhù: ’to build, to construct, a structure’ This word can be either a verb or a noun. Compare Reference List sentence No. 3 with No. 17-

Zhoucháo mònián: The word mònián.refers to the closing years of a life or some other period of time. Here you see it in one of its most common uses, referring to the last years of a dynasty.

Notes on No. U

gōngyuán/gōngyuán qián: ’A.D.’ and ’B.C.* Literally gōngyuán might be translated ’Common Era’- These time words are one way of indicating that a year is A.D. or B.C.. Notice that these phrases precede the year. Gōngyuán hòu may also be used for A.D..

Gongyuán qián èrbǎièrshi-èrnián

Gōngyuán sìbǎisānshi-liùnián

Notes on No. 5

chéngqiáng: ’defense walls’ This word may also be translated as ’city tjaiis¹, depending on the context. It refers to the type of fortified walls used fop defense,

jiàn: ’to build, to construct* This is equivalent to the verb jianzhù.

běifāng mínzú: ’northern peoples’ The reference here is to nomadic barbarians to the north and northwest of China. In other contexts, mínzú may be translated as ’race’, ’ethnic group’, or ’nation’, as in ’the.American Indian Nations’.

Notes on Nos. 6 and 7

tongyǐ: ’to become united, to unite* The verb tōngyī can act as a process verb or as an action verb. Here are examples of each:

Yuènán xiànzài tōngyī le. Vietnam has become united.

Qin Shi Huang tōngyì le         Ch’in Shih Huang united

Zhōngguo.                         China.

guó/guójiā: Guó refers to kingdoms, independent states, and countries. Guójiā refers to countries and nations.

yèì.le; ’in order to, for the purpose of, for the sake pf', Wèile introduces a phrase describing the purpose.of the main verb which follow: later in the sentence. A phrase with wèile may come at the very front of the sentence or after the subject.

In order to go visit a friend, I have to leave work a little early today.

In order for the children to go to that good school, we plan to move.

...jiànqi chengqiáng lai: ’...to start to build walls’ The compound verb jiànqilai, ’to start to build' is split up by the object, chengqiáng. Verbs with two-syllable directional endings can be split up by the direct object or a location. Here are some examples:

He took the suitcases on the bus.

-qilai: As an ending used to form compound verbs, -qilai has several meanings. One is close to its litersl meaning ’to rise upward’ Cas in zhànqilai, 'to stand up*J. Another meaning is 'to start*. (Tn this example, you need to know kū is the verb 'to crj

The child started to cry.

Notes on Nos. 8 and 9

liáncheng: ‘to connect into’ The verb ’to connect* is lián.

-Cheng is used with a number of verbs to make a compound verb, with the effect that the meaning 'to become* is added to the meaning of the first verb. Liáncheng would then literally be 'connect to become...’

Notes on No. 10

bùfen: ’portion, part, section’

xiūjiàn: This verb has two meanings. One is ’to build’, another is ’to repair and build, to renovate*.

11. A: Chángchéng shi cong shénme dìfang dào shénme dìfang?

the Shanhai Pass, passing through Hopeh, Shansi, Inner Mongolia, and Shensi, straight to the Chiayǔ Pass.

Notes on No. 11

...cong shénme dìfang dào shénme dìfang?: Notice that the main verb is omitted in the sentence, and only the prepositional vebs cong, ’from’, and dào, ’to’, are used.

The Great Wall is more than 6000 kilometers long. If you use Chinese miles to figure it out, it's more than 12,000 Chinese miles, so Chinese call it the '10,000 Li Long Wall'.

Notes on No. 12

yòng...lái jìsuan: 'if you use...to figure it out...' You may use other verbs instead of jìsuan, but notice that the verb lái remains the same.

You can't use his words to say it.

___you yíwànèrqiānduō Huáli, suoyi...: In the above passage, the guide explains that because the Great Wall is more than 12,000 Chinese miles long, they call it the 10,000 Li Long Wall. In Chinese they round off large numbers to the nearest unit of measurement, which is 10,000, while in English we would round off to the nearest 1,000.

The Great Wall probably has undergone repairs many times, hasn’t it?

Notes on No. 13

zhěngxiū: ’repairs’ This word is also heard as xiūzhěng.

zài lìshīshang: While in English we might say ’One finds many examples of this in history. ’, the Chinese say lìshīshang.

Notes on No. 16

xiūjiànqilai: Here you see another meaning of the compound verb ending -qilai, ’when doing it’. Adding -qilai to xiūjiàn here results in the meaning of ’while the building was going on’.

Here are some other examples:

Zhèige yizide yàngzi hen hǎokfiai, kěshi zuoqilai bù shùfu.

Tā changqi gēr lai zhēn nan ting.

Zuùqi gōng lai, tā bl shei dōu kuài.

kě: ’indeed’ Ke is an statement. For example:

At Tā hen hǎokàn!

B: Kě bu shi ma!

Xue Zhōngguohhuà, kě zhēn bù rōngyi.

This kind of chair is very attractive, but when you sit in it, it’s uncomfortable.

It sounds terrible when he sings.

When it comes to working he is faster than anyone else.

He’s really good looking!

Isn’t that the truth.

It’s really not easy to learn Chinese.

IT. C: Wanli Changchéng bùdàn

The Great Wall is not only a great Chinese structure, it is also famous throughout the whole world.

C: Bādálǐng dào le. Nà wǒmen jiù mànman wàng shàng zǒu, mànman kàn "ba. Zǒu lèile, wǒmen jiù xiūxi xiūxi.

A: Wǒ zài Méiguode shihou, tīngshuō-guo Chángchéng, y? kànjianguo Chángchéngde tùpiàn. Wo jīntian qīnyǎn kàndao le, tebié gaoxlng. Nī néng bu neng gàosu wo Chángchéng shi shénme shíhou jiàn-zhùde?

Chángchéng shi liǎngqiānwǔbǎi-duō nián yǐqián Zhōucháo mòniánde shihou, kāishī jiàn-zhùde.

A: Ou. Liǎngqiǎnwùbǎiduo nián yī-qián jiù kāishí jiànzhù le. Nèi shíhou wèi shénme yào jiàn Chángchéng ne?

C: Nèi shíhou Zhōngguo yōu qíge xiǎo guo. Zhèixiē guájiǎ wèile bǎohù zìjǐ, fángbèi bēifāng mínzúde qīnlūè, kāishī zài zhùngyàode dìfang jiànqi chéngqiáng lai. Zhèi jiù shi Chángchéng zuì zaode yí bùfen.

A: Women xiànzài kànde jiù shi nèixiē zuì zǎode chéngqiáng ma?

C: Youde shi zuì zǎode, yǒude shi houlái xiūjiànde. Gōngyuán qián èrbǎièrshiyīnián Qín-cháo tǒngyī le Zhōngguo yīhòu, bǎ nèixiē xiǎo guó jiànzhùde chéngqiáng liáncheng le yìtiáo hēn chángde Chángchéng.

A: Chángchéng shi céng shénme dìfang dào shénme dìfang?

We’ve arrived at Pataling. So let’s take our time walking up and looking around. If you get tired, we will rest.

In America I heard of the Great Wall and saw pictures of it. I’m really happy to have seen it today with my own eyes. Can you tell me when the Great Wall was built?

It was over 2,500 years ago, during the last years of the Chou Dynasty that they began to build the Great Wall.

Oh, it was over 2,500 years ago that they began to build it. At that time why did they want to build a ’Great Wall’?

At that time there were seven small states in China. In order to protect themselves and to be on guard against invasion from northern peoples, these countries began to build walls in important places. This was one of the earliest parts of the Great Wall.

Is what we are looking at now one of those earliest walls?

Some of it is the earliest, some of it is what was later repaired and built. In 221 B.C., after the Ch’in Dynasty united China, they took the walls which were built by the small states and connected then into one long Great Wall.

Where does the Great Wall begin and end?

C:   Chángchéng shi cong Zhongguo

zuì dōngbiarde Shānhai Guān jingguo Hebei, ShānxT, Nèi Měnggǔ, Shanxi, yìzhí dào Gānsùde Jiāyù Guān. Yígòng yǒu liùqiānduō gōng-lí cháng.

A:   Chángchéng you jiao Wanli

Chángchéng. Nei you shi wèishénme ne?

C: Duì. Chángchéng yǒu liùqiǎn-duō gōnglǐ. Rùguo yòng Huálǐ lai jìsuan, yǒu yí-wànèrqiānduō Huálǐ, suōyi Zhōngguo rén jiao WànlY Chángchéng. ...Zai Zhōngguo lìshǐshang, zài Hàncháo, Tangehao, Chángchéng dōu jingguo hen duō cìde zhěngxiū.

A:   Chángchéng you duō gāo, you

du6 kuān?

C: Dàgài gāo sānshichǐ, kuān shíwǔ dào èrshichǐ. Jǐntian women kàndaode Chángchéng shi jingguo Míngcháo dà guǐmo xiū-jiàn yǐhòude Chángchéng.

A:   Chángchéng zhènme cháng,

zhànme gāo, you zhènme kuān, xiūjiànqílai kě zhēn bù róngyi a!

C:   Suoyi Wanli Chángchéng bùdàn

shi Zhōngguode wěidà jiàn-zhù, zài shìjièshang yě hen yǒu míng.

The Great Wall goes from China’s easternmost Shanhai Pass, passing through Hopeh, Shansi Inner Mongolia, and Shensi straight to Kansu’s Chiayu Pass. Altogether it’s more than 6000 kilometers long.

The Great Wall is also called the ’10,000 Li Long Wall’. Why is that?

That’s right. The Great Wall is more than 6000 kilometers long. If you use Chinese miles to figure it out, it’s more than 12,000 Chinfese miles, so Chinese call it the ’10,000 Li Long Wall*. ...In the course of Chinese history, during the Han Dynasty ant the T’ang Dynasty, the Great Wall has gone through repairs many times.

How high and how wide is the Great Wall?

It’s annroximately 30 feet high and 15 to 20 feet wide. The Great Wall that we are looking at today is the Great Wall which underwent the large scale repair and building of the Ming Dynasty.

The Great Wall is so long, so high^. and so wide, it really must have been hard to build.

That’s why the Great Wall is not onl great Chinese structure, it is all famous throughout the world.

Exercise 1

This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.

from the Reference List will occur only once, tape and practice this exercise several times.

Exercise 2

This exercise contains a conversation in which a visitor chats with a Chinese guide about places he is seeing on his visit to China, especially about the Great Wall.

The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you will probably want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on page 75 as you listen to it a second time.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this

Note: In this conversation you will hear the verbs kàndao and mǎidao used. You've already seen the verb dào 'to arrive' used in compound verbs as in Zuòdao Xīdàn hùan chē, 'Ride to Xidan and change buses', and Tā shi zuotian pàidao zhèli láide, 'He was sent over here yesterday'. In those instances, forming a compound verb dào added the meaning of 'to' to the meaning of thè first verb. Here you will hear the compound verbs where dào adds the

meaning of ’successful completion’.

Exercise 3

In this exercise you will hear a talk about the history of defense walls in China.

Listen to the conversation once straight through. Then, on the second time through, turn to page 75 and answer the questions.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this

Exercise U

In this exercise you will hear an American visitor who has come to China on business conversing with his Chinese guide about the Great Wall.

Listen to the conversation straight through once- Then rewind the tape and listen to it again. On the second time through, answer the questions which are found on page 76

For this exercise you will need the following new vocabulary items:

gǔjì                               ancient remains, ruins

shìjièshang you míngde gǔjì       one of the most famous ancient remains

zhī yī                             on earth

míngbai                            to be clear, intelligible

yíxiàzi

Questions for Exercise 2

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. What does the American visitor like to do in China?

• 2. What has undergone repairs in China?

• 3. Throughout the history of city walls, how has the Great Wall been protected?

1. Can you give some reasons why the Great Wall was built?

5. See if you can name some places where the visitor has been and which he has liked best of all.

6. What does the visitor want to buy and where does the guide suggest they go to buy it?

Questions for Exercise 3

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. Is the Great Wall the only defense wall in China? If not, why were the other city walls built?

• 2. Were city gates always kept open?

• 3. What happened after city walls were built?

• U. The situation of the city walls changed in the latter years of the Ch’ing dynasty. Were the city walls still as important as before? If not, why not? What were some of the other changes that occurred?

Questions for Exercise U

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

1. What has the American businessman heard about the Great Wall? Has he been to see it already?

.    2. The American has not gone to Pataling yet. What is Pataling?

3. Was the Great Wall built all at once? If not, how was it built?

U. After Ch’in Shih Huang united China, how was the Great Wall then formed?

5. Why do the Chinese call it the ’Ten Thousand Li Long Wall’?

6. Has it been easy to preserve the Great Wall? Has it undergone repairs only once?

After you have answered all these questions yourself, you might want to take a look at the translation for these conversation on pages 77 through 81.

You may also want to listen to the conversations again to help you pronounce your answers correctly.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 2

Zhèixiē chengqiáng you gōng-yuán qiánhòu liǎngqiānwu-bǎiniánde lìshí. Shi Zhōucháo monián xiūjiànde. Zai Qíneháo, Hàncháo, Tangcháo, Mingcháo dōu jingguo jícì zhěngxiū. Jiěfàng yíhòu, guojiā you zuòle dà guimode zhengxiū. Suoyi bùfen Chángchéng bǎohùde bu cuò.

Hi, Xiǎo Wang! There aren’t any other arrangements for this afternoon, so let’s talk a bit, okay?

Okay! These last few days you went to see a few places. They were interesting I suppose?

Yes, very. I really like to go out and sightsee. In the China travel guide there are a lot of places that are historic remains from ancient times, all of which are very beautiful.

Yes, they are. The Chinese government has done a lot of work to protect historic remains.

I saw that the Shanhai Pass, the Chiayu Pass, and the Great Wall near Peking have all undergone repairs. They’re very well protected. I was really happy about that.

These city walls have a history spanning two thousand five hundred years, from B.C. to A.D.. They were built in the later part of the Chou Dynasty. They underwent repairs during the Ch’in, Han, T’ang, and Ming Dynasties. After Liberation, the country again made large-scale repairs. So sections of the Great Wall have been protected pretty well.

M: Shàngcì, ni shuō Qíncháode shihou, Zhōngguo ren bǎ hěn duō dìfangde chengqiáng liáncheng Chángchéng, shi ■wèile fángbèi biede mínzùde qinlūè.

F:   Shi a, you sānshi chi gāo,

< shíwù dào èrshi chi kuān.

Yíwànèrqiānduō Huáli chángde Chángchéng—zài gudài zhēn kéyi yòng lái bǎohù zìjǐde guojiā le.

Wō tōngyì. Cong túpiànshang kàn, Chángchéng zhēn shi hěn hǎo kàn. Dàole Zhōngguo yǐhòu, wō qùguo Shànghǎi, Guǎngzhōu, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Sùzhōu, Xǐān, Guilin, zhèixiē dìfang. Měige dìfang dōu you tèbiéde fēngjǐng, fēicháng piàoliang. Dànshi. wō zuì xihuande hái shi Chángchéng. Wō yìhou yào zài qù yícì.

F:   Shìde. Chángchéng búdàn shi

Zhōngguo, érqiě shi shìjièshang zuì wěidàde jiànzhù zhī vī. Míngtian you shíjian, women kéyi zài qù yícì.

M:   Zài Beijing, kéyi mǎidào

Chángchéngde túpiàn ma?

F: Kéyi•

M: Wō yào mǎi biJ iào dàde, hái yào duō mǎi yìxiē, sònggei péngyoumen.

Last time, you said that in the Ch*in Dynasty the Chinese people connected together the city walls in a lot or places to form the Great Wall in order to take precautions against invasions by other peoples.

That’s right. It’s thirty feet high, and fifteen to twenty feet wide. A Great Wall over twelve thousand Chinese miles long—in ancient times it could really be used to protect our country.

I agree. From the pictures, the Great Wall really looks beautiful. Since I’ve arrived in China I’ve been to Shanghai, Canton, Nanking, Hangchow, Soochow, Sian and Kueilin. Each place has a special scenery which is very beautiful. But I still like the Great Wall best of all. Later, I'd like to go there once again.

Yes. The Great Wall is one of the greatest structures not only in China but in the whole world. If there’s time tomorrow, we can go back once more.

Can you buy pictures of the Great Wall in Peking?

Yes, you can.

I want to buy a rather large one, and I also want to buy a few more to give to friends.

F:   Hao a. Women dào

Wángfùjing qù kànkan.

M: Xiànzài hái you shíjian, wǒmen mǎshàng Jiù qù.

F: Hǎo, qlng ba.

Okay. We’ll go to Wangfùjing to have a look.

There’s still time now; let’s go right away.

Okay, let’s go.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3

Chúle Wànli Chángchéng, Zhongguo hěn duō chéngshì yíqián yě you chéngqiáng. Tèbié shi zài běifǎng, weile fángbèi běibù mínzúde qīnlùè, bǎohù rénmínde ānauán, chángchéng zài chéngshì sìzhōu jiànzhù chéngqiáng. Chéngqiáng yǒu Jí.ge chén^nén.

Cóngqián you. xiě chéngshì chéng-mén zaoshang kāi, wǎnshang guan. Chengménkou hái you shìblng zhàn gang.

Zhōngguo you hěn duo chéngshì you chengqiáng, kěshi guìmo dou hěn xiao.

Chéngqiáng jiànzhùhǎo'e yīhòu, shíjian jiu le, yídìng yào zhěngxiū. Youde chéngshìde chéngqiáng dōu jíngguo hěn duō cìde zhěngxiū.

Qíngcháo mònián Zhōngguode qíngkuàng biànle, chéngqiángde zuòyong xiǎo le. Tèbié shi Jiěfàng yìhòu, chéngshì yào fāzhǎn. yào kuòdà. yǒu chéngqiáng hěn bù fāng-bian, suōyi Zhōngguo rén búdàn bú zài xiūjiàn chéngqiáng, hěn duō chéngshì hái bǎ chéngqiáng chāidiào le. Beijing yìqián yě yǒu chéngqiáng. Xiànzài yě dōu chāidiào le.

Besides the 10,000 Li Great Wall, a lot of cities in China also used to have city walls. Especially in the north, in order to take precautions against invasions by the northern tribes and to protect the people’s safety, they would often construct city walls around a city. There were several city gates in the city wall.

Formerly, in some cities, the city gates would open in the morning and close in the evening. There were also soldiers standing guard at the gates to the city.

China has many cities with city walls but their scale is very small.

After city walls were built, with the passage of time they had to be repaired. The walls of some cities underwent repairs many different times.

In the latter years of the Ch’ing Dynasty the situation in China changed, and the usefulness of the city walls decreased. Especially after Liberation, for cities to develop and expand it was very inconvenient to have city walls, so the Chinese did not continue building city walls, and a lot of cities even tore down their walls. Peking too used to have city walls, but now they also have been torn down.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise U

M: Wō zài Méiguode shíhou jiù tīngshuōguo Zhōngguode WànlY Chángchéng. Tā búdàn shi Zhongguo wěidàde jiànzhù, ye shi shijièshang you míngde gujì zhī yì. Xiànzài wo lái Zhōngguo le. Wo hěn xiang zǎo yìdiān qù cānguān cānguān.

F: Ni lái Zhōngguo yíhòu hěn mang, hái meiyou qùguo Bādálíng ne.

‘ Zhèige Xìngqǐtiān kéyi qù wárwar.

M: Ni shuō Bādálǐng?

F: Chángchéng zài Beijing zhèi yíduàn jiào Bādálíng.

M:   Ou, Wo míngbai le. Ní kéyi bu

keyi gàosu wo Chángchéng shi shénme shíhou kāishí jiànzhùde?

F: Shi liǎngqiānduō nián yiqián kāishí jiànzhùde.

M: Yígòng yōngle duōshǎo nián cái jiànzhùhāo?

Wanlí Chángchéng bú shi yíxiàzi jiànzhuqilaide. Nèi shíhou Zhōngguo hái méiyōu tōngyī. Zhōngguo beibù you yìxié xiāo guō, wèile bàohù zìjí, gèzì jiànzhù chéngqiáng fángbèi wàizúde qīnlúè. Hōulái dàole Qíncháo Qin. Shihuáng tōngyìle Zhōngguo. Zhōngguo chéngle yíge tongyīde guojiā. Jiù ba vuánlái yíduàn yíduànde chéngqiáng liánjiěqilai le. Zhèiyàng jiù chéngle Wànlí Chángchéng.

I heard of the Great Wall when I was in America. Not only is it a great structure of China, but it is also one of the famous ancient remains of the world. Now that I have come to China, I’d like very much to visit it soon.

You’ve been very busy since you came to China, and you haven’t gone to Pataling yet. You can go see it this Sunday.

Pataling you say?

The section of the Great Wall near Peking is called Pataling.

Oh, I see. Can you tell me when they began to build the Great Wall?

They began to build it more than two thousand years ago.

How many years did it take before the building was completed?

The Great Wall wasn’t built all at once. At that time China wasn’t unified yet. There were several small countries in the north of China. To protect themselves, they each built their owi defense walls to guard against invasions by foreign tribes. Later, during the Ch’in Dynasty, Ch’in Shih Huang united China. China became a unified country. Then the sections of original defense walls were joined together. In this way the Great Wall was formed.

M:   Chángchéng zhen yǒu yíwàn lì

cháng ma?

F:   Chángchéng yǒu liùqiānduō

gōnglǐ, xiāngdāngyu yíwànèrqiánduō Huálì, suoyi Zhōngguo rén Jiao ta Wanli Chángchéng.

M:   Liǎngqiānduō nián yíqián

jiànzhùde Chángchéng jingguo zhènme jiūde shíjian dào xiànzài hái néng bǎocún&jalai yídìng hen bù rongyi.

F: Duì le, Chángchéng zai hěn duō cháodài dōu J ìnxíngguo zhěngxiū.

M: Hǎo. Xièxie ni gàosu wo zenme duō guānyu Cháng-chéngde lìshí.

Is the Great Wall really 10,000 Li long?

The Great Wall is six thousand kilometers long, which is equal to over 12,000 Chinese li, so the Chinese call it the ’Ten Thousand Li Long Wall *.

It must have been very difficult for the Great Wall, which was built over two thousand years ago, to have passed through such a long time and to have been able to be preserved until now.

Right. The Great Wall has undergone repairs in many different dynasties.

All right. Thank you for telling me so much of the history of the Great Wall.

THE THIRTEEN TOMBS

Unit U, Reference List

1. A: Míngtian fang Jià. Wo xiǎng dào Mingling qu cānguān.

2. A: Nī zhidao zěnme zou ma?

B: Wo yě bù zěnme qīngchu. Wo j iù zhīdao chule. Déshèngmén yìzhí cháo běi zou, Jīngguo Chāng-píng Xian zài zou bu yuǎn, Jiu dao Shisānlíng le.

Li Beijing shìqū you wǔshi gōnglí.

Rongyi liaojie yě rongyi jì.

Neixiē shírén, shíshou dou zài shénme dìfang?

Ni yí dào nar, .1iù kàn-Jian le.

Zhèi shisānge ling yìtiān kàndewàn kàribuwan?

Zhǔyào shi cānguān liǎngge. Yíge shi Chan£Líng, yíge shi Dìnglíng.

Chānglíng shi Míngchāo dìjīge huángdìde língmùf

Tomorrow we have the day off. I’d like to visit the Ming Tombs.

Do you know how to get there?

I*m not real ly too clear on that. I only know that when you go out of Teshengmen, you go straight north, go through Ch'angp’ing county, ana nor far from there are the Thirteen Tombs. It’s fifty kilometers from Peking.

It’s easy to understand and easy to remember.

Where are those stone figures and stone animals?

As soon as you get there, you see them.

Can you see all thirteen tombs in one day?

The main thing is to visit two. One is Ch’angling, one is Tingling.

What emperor of the Ming Dynasty does the Ch’ang Tomb belong to?

• B: Yòngle liùnián.

• 11. A: Yongde cáiliào dōu shi cong shenme dìfang láide?

B: Yōngde cáiliào dōu shi cǒng quán guo gědi yùnlaide.

• 12. B: Nèi shíhou j iāotōng bu xiàng xiànzài zhènme fādá.

B: Yùnqilai fēicháng kùnnan.

The Ch’ang Tomb is the tomb of the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

It was built the earliest, and its scale is the largest.

I’ve heard that in 1958, archaeological workers discovered an underground palace.

Yesj that was in the Ting Tomb.

Ig the Ting Tomb built on a large scale?

Very large. There are three stone doors. Each door weighs eight tons.

Approximately how long did it take to build this tomb?

It took six years.

Where did the materials which were used come from?

The materials which were used were shipped there from all over the country.

At that time transportation was not as developed as it is now.

It was very difficult to ship things.

• 13. A: Wo xiang zài zhèige mùli yídìng hái fāxiànle hěn duō hěn you jiàzhide wenwù, duì ha?

  B: Duì, dōu fàngzai Dìnglíng Bo-wùguǎnli.

  
  

I suppose they must have discovered many more valuable artifacts in this tomb, right?

That’s right, all are in the Ting Tomb Museum.

Vocabulary

Unit U, Ref Notes

Unit U, Reference Notes

1. A: Míngtian fàng jià. Wǒ          Tomorrow we have the day off.

xiǎng dào Mingling qù           I’d like to visit the

cānguān.                         Ming Tombs.

Note on No. 1

fàng jià: ’to have vacation, to have a day off’, more literally 'to be let out on vacation'. This verb and object are used .when the government, a school, an employer or some other institution gives a day off. CAnother verb, qǐng jià, 'to request leave', is used when you ask to take time off yourself.!

Notes on No. 2

If you compare these directions to the map on page 1* in Unit 1 you'll see that the speaker was indeed not too clear on where the Ming Tombs are located. You must in fact go out Teshengmen and -into, not through the Ch’angp'ing County, where the tombs are located.

Běijīng shìqū: 'the Peking urban area'. This refers to the original city of Peking, which must be distinguished from Běijīngshì, 'the Peking Municipality*. Běijīngshì is made up of the following: Běijīng shìqū, which consists of four districts; the suburbs surrounding the city, which consist of five districts; and nine counties (of which Chāngping Xiàn is one). The Peking Municipality is an administrative division which is directly controlled by the central government, not the province of Hopei.

Note on No. 3

liǎojiě: 'to understand, to comprehend, to know, to grasp' This verb has a fairly wide range of reference, including people, difficulties, and complex situations. Like the verbs dōng and zhidao, liao.liě is a state verb. The original tones on this verb are llěo.liě. The first syllable automatically changes to liáo in front of another low tone. Some speakers drop the tone on the last syllable resulting in liáojie.

I'd like to understand your situation here.

He understands a lot about ny family affairs.

U. A: Nèixiē shíren, shíshòu dōu zài shenme dìfang?

B: Nǐ yí dào nar, jiù kànjian le.

Notes on No. 5

Tāde liān yíxiàzi jiù hong le.

He went to New York four times in two years.

... kàndewán kanbuwán?: Here you see the compound verb of’result kànwán with the toneless syllables -de- and -bu- inserted between the action and the result. This pattern is used to express the meaning of 'able to finish seeing it' and 'not able to finish seeing if. Using the affirmative and negative forms of the verb together forms the question. Usually, the negative alternative of a choice question is unstressed; dà bu da, 'large or not’. Here, kanbuwán is likewise unstressed, so when said at normal conversational speed, it may just have a low, falling pitch.

zhǔyào: ’to "be major, essential’. Another translation for the sentence above could be ’There are mainly two that you visit’. Zhǔyào is often used as an adverb, and therefore is found in front of other verbs in the sentence. But since it often corresponds to some noun phrase in English, the English word order may be very different from the Chinese word order.

Wǒ xiǎng zhèige went! zhǔyào I think that this question kàn nǐ zěnme xiǎng.               depends mainly on what you

think,

CNotice that in the above sentence kàn means ’depends 'J

What are the main things they exhibit there?

When you visit the Thirteen Tombs, you see chiefly the Chang Tomb and the Ting Tomb.

The translation ’to be main, essential* is potentially misleading because zhǔyào implies exclusivity. Often when zhǔyào is translated as ’mainly’, it also means ’only*. For example:

This sentence does not imply that there are any reasons of lesser importance. Because of this implication of zhǔyào, many speakers will not accept ?hěn zhǔyào ’very main*. This is similar to the English situation where many speakers find it odd to say ’very perfect*.

Chǎnglíng: This tomb contains the bodies of the Emperor Cheng Zǔ, whose reign title was Yong Lè, and his wife. The Emperor Cheng Zǔ ruled from 1UO3 to 1U22.

Dinglíng: This tomb contains the bodies of Emperor Shen Zōng. whose reign title was Wàn LÌ, and his two wives. The Emperor Shǎn Zōng ruled from 1573 to 1620.

Note on No. 7

-de: Here is another example of how to describe how some

• action has been performed. The action to be described comes first. To this verb the marker -de is added, followed by an adjectival verb describing the MANNER of the action. Here the adverb zuì, ’the most’, comes between the action verb and the adjectival verb.

Notes on No. 8

kǎogǔ gōngzuòzhě: ’archaeological worker’ -zhě is an ending which turns an action verb into the noun indicating the one who does the action, much like the English ’-er’, as in ’writer’. Other examples are: xuezhě, ’scholar’, láodòngzhě, ’worker, laborer’, zuòzhě, ’author*. The number of verbs which can have -zhě added to them is Hhit ted, however; you are advised not to make up words ending in -zhě without conferring first with a Chinese speaker. For example, there is no paozhě, ’runner’, or hēzhě, ’drinker’.

CAnother ending, - jiā, which is added to nouns as well as verbs, is used for professionals or specialists in some activity. Zuò jiā is ’professional writer’ (as opposed to a zuòzhě, for whom writing may not be a career, though one can say zhèipiān wenzhāngde zuòzhě, ’the author of this article’.

The ending -jiā is added to subjects of study, as in zhèngzhi-xué jiā, ’political scientist’, or jīng jixue jiā, ’economist’. In the PRC these forms carry an elitist overtone, and therefore you find kǎogǔxuejiā, ’archaeologist’, replaced by kǎogǔ gōngzuòzhě.J

fāxiàn: ’to discover, a discovery’ Here are some examples of fāxiàn used as both noun and verb. For the second example you need

... yǒu bādūn zhòng.: To give the weight of something, use the verb yǒu, the weight, and the verb zhòng, ’to be heavy’. To ask the weight, use the question word duǒ or a more specific question word such as jǐdūn, ’how many tons’, as in Yǒu duǒ zhòng?, ’How heavy is it?’, or Yǒu jǐdūn zhòng?, ’How many tons is it?*.

Note on No. 10

dàyuē; ’about, approximately*.

Note on No. 11

gèdì: ’everyplace, various places* The syllable gè- can combine with other words and counters to give the idea of ’each ______*'or

’various ’. Here are some examples:

gègè             each and every

gèguō            each and every nation

gèrén            everybody

gèwèi            ladies and gentlemen (polite address)

gèyàng           each and every sort

gèzhǒng          each and every type

Notes on No. 12

jiāotōng: ’traffic, transportation’

Zhèlide jiāotōng bù ānquán, The traffic here is not safe. Qìchē tài duō, kāide tài        There are too many cars, and

kuài.                            they go too fast.

Qǐng ni zhǎo yíge jiāotōng Please ask a traffic officer to jǐngchá lai.                     come here.

xiàng: ’to be similar to, to resemble’. Xiàng may be used as a prepositional verb, as in the sentence above, or as a full verb.

As a prepositional verb, xiàng is used in making comparisons. Notice the similarity of the word order between comparison sentences with xiàng and those with gēn.

Nǐ xiang tā name gāo.             You’re as tall as he is.

Nǐ gēn tā yíyàng gāo.             You’re as tall as he is.

Comparison sentences with xiang must have either yíyàng, zhènme (zènme), or name before the main verb. Note that xiang connotes rather imprecise comparison as opposed to gēn, which connotes exact comparison. When items are compared in precisely quantifiable terms, the pattern ... gēn ... yí-_Yàng ,,. is preferred. While Nǐ gēn tā yíyàng gāo states explicitly that you and he are the same height~Ni xiang tā name gāo is a bit more vague.

Nǐ Xiàng wo zhènme ná kuàizi. You hold the chopsticks like I do,

Xiàng huār nàme hāokàn.           As beautiful as a flower.

Xiànzàide tiānqi xiàng            The weather now is as comfortable

chūntian zènme shūfu.             as spring.

Xiàng hǎishuǐ yíyàng lān.         As blue as sea water.

The negative bù comes before the prepositional verb xiàng.

Tā bú xiàng tā mèimei             He’s not as intelligent as his

nàme cōngming.                     little sister.

kùnnan used both as a noun and as an

Wǒ xiang nǐ kàn zhèiběn shū méiyou shenme kùnnan.

Zuò zhèijiàn shi you hěn dàde kùnnan.

Nǐ yìtiān yào cānguān sānge dìfang hěn kùnnan.

Zhèijiàn shi bù néng zuò, tài kùnnan le.

adjectival verb.

I don’t think you’ll have any difficulty reading this book.

There is great difficulty in doing this thing.

It would be very difficult for you to visit three places in one day.

This thing can’t be done. It’s too difficult.

13. A: Wo xiang zài zhèige mùli yídìng hai fāxiànle hěn duo hěn you Jiàzhide wénwù, duì ba?

B: Duì, dōu fàngzai Dìnglíng Bōwuguǎnli.

I suppose they must have discovered many more valuable artifacts in this tomb, right?

That’s right, all are in the Ting Tomb Museum.

A: Míngtian fang jià. Wǒ xiǎng dào Mingling qù cānguān. Nī zhīdao zěnme zǒu ma?

B: Wǒ yě bù zěnme qīngchu. Wǒ shi zuo gōnggòng qìchē qùde. Wo jiù zhīdao chūle Déshèngmén yìzhí chǎo běi zǒu, jīngguǒ Chāng-píng Xiàn,zài zǒu bù yuan, jiù dào Shísānlíng le. Lí Běijīng shìqū yǒu wushi gōnglī.

• A: Nī shuo Shísānlíng, zhèi shi qhénme yìsi?

• B: Shísānlíng jiù shi Mingling.

Yīnwei you shisānge língmù, suóyi wǒmen jiào ta Shísānlíng. Yīnwei shi Míngcháode língmù, suóyi wàiguo rén jiào ta Mingling.

A: Wo zài diànshishang kànjian nàr you bù shāo shírén, shíshòu, zuì yǒu yìsi.

Duì, nī yí dào nàr, jiù kànjian nèixiē shírén, shíshòu le.

A: Zhèi shisānge ling yìtiān kàndewán kanbuwǎn?

B: Shísānlíng, dìfang hěn dà. Zhǔyào shi cāne-uān liǎngge dìfang. Yíge shi Chǎnglíng, yíge shi Dinglíng.

Tomorrow i have the day off. I' like to visit the Ming Tombs. Do you know how to get there?

I’m not really too clear on that. I took the bus there. I only know that when you go out of Teshengmen, you go straight north, go .through Changping county, and not far from there are the Thirte« Tombs. It’s fifty kilometers from Peking.

You said Shihsanling. What does that mean?

Shihsanling is the Ming Tombs. We call it Shihsanling because there are thirteen tombs there. Foreigners call it the Ming Tombs because they are the tombs of the Ming Dynasty.

I’ve seen on television that there are many stone figures and stone animals there. Really interesting.

.That’s right. As soon as you get there, you see those stone figures and stone animals.

Can you see all of these thirteen tombs in one day?

The area of the Thirteen Tombs is very large. There are mainly two that you visit. One is the Ch’ang Tomb. One is the Ting Tomb.

B: Chánglíng shi Míngcháo dìsānge huángdìde língmù. Xiūde zuì zào, guīmo yě zuì dà.

• A: Tīngshuō zài 1958 nián kāogǔ gōngzuōzhě fāxiànle yíge dìxià gōngdiàn.

• B: Duì. Nsi shi zài Dìnglíng. Dìnglíng shi Míngcháo dìshísānge huángdìde. Zhèige mù shi yòng shítou xiūjiànde. Y3u sānzuò shítou mén. Měizuò men you bādūn zhòng.

Xiū zhèige língmù yòngle liùnián. Měitiān dàyuē yǒu sānwàn gōngrén gōngzuò.

A: Yòngde cáiliào dōu shi cong quán guo gèdì yùnlaide ma?

B: Duì. Shénme dìfangde dōu yǒu. Nèi shíhou Jiāotōng bú xiàng xiànzai zhènme fādá. Yunqilai fēicháng kùnnan.

A: Zài zhèige mùli yídìng hái fāxiànle hen duō hen yǒu jiàzhide wénwù ba.

B: Duì. Dōu fàngzai Dìnglíng Bowuguǎnlì. Nī yídìng děi qù kànkan.

The Ch’ang Tomb is the tomb of the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. It was built the earliest, and its scale is the largest.

I’ve heard that in 1958, archaeological workers discovered an underground palace.

That’s right. That’s at Tingling. Tingling is the tomb of the thirteenth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Th^t tomb is constructed of

stone. There are three stone doors. Each door weighs 8 tons.

It took about six years to build the tomb, Everyday there were about 30,000 laborers working.

Were the materials that were used shipped there from all over the country?

Yes, from every place. At that time transportation was not as developed as it is now. It was very difficult to ship things.

They must have discovered many more valuable cultural artifacts in that. tomb.

Yes. And all are in the Ting Tomb Museum. You should really go see it.

Unit U, Tape 2 Workbook

Exercise 1

This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.

All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may

.want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.

Exercise 2

This exercise contains a conversation between a foreign student and his Chinese friend in which they talk about the Peking Museum of History which one of them visited the day before.

The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you might want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on page 100 as you listen to it a second time.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

zhǎnlUn                            to exhibit

gǔdài                              ancient times

8^e5^e                               each and every

shíqì                              time period, era

shōují                             to collect

zhēnguì                            to be precious, valuable

chuàngzào                          to create

Exercise 3

In this exercise you will hear a conversation between a member of the Canadian Embassy staff, who has been invited to a banquet in the Great Hall of the People, and a Chinese staff member of the Canadian Embassy, who provides the Canadian with some details about the Great Hall of the People.

Listen to the conversation once straight through, then listen a

second time and turn to page ¹⁰⁰ and answer the questions.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

Note: In this conversation you will hear another example of the verb dào used in compound verbs to indicate successful completion of the action:

Wo Jiēdao Wàijiāobùde qǐngtiē. I’ve received an invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Exercise U

In this exercise an American visitor who desires to visit the Ming Tombs asks his Chinese guide for some information about them.

Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then on the second time through answer the questions found on page 100 .

For this exercise you will need the following new words and phrases:

just right

Questions for Exercise 2

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. What did the Chinese friend go visit on Sunday? Where is this located?

• 2. What sort of exhibits can be found in the museum?

• 3. Are the things exhibited from modern times only? Were these *        products all discovered in one place?

It. What feeling do you get after visiting the museum?

5. When can a person go visit the Museum and does it take long to see it?

After you have answered these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 102 • You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

Questions for Exercise 3

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. Where is the Canadian staff member going and when does she plan to go?

• 2. How does the Canadian feel about going to the Great Hall of the People?

• 3. Is the Great Hall of the People large? Just how large is it? Is it decorated all the same?

• U. Why, according to the Chinese staff member in the Embassy, did the Great Hall not take a long time to build?

After having answered these questions yourself, you might want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 103 • You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

Questions for Exercise 4

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. Where are the Ming Tombs located?

• 2. Are ’Thirteen Tombs’ and ’Ming Tombs’ names for the same place? If so, why are the two names used?

• 3. How would you go from Peking to the Thirteen Tombs? Once you get there, will you visit all the tombs? If not, why not?

• U. What are the first things you see when you arrive at the Thirteen Tombs?

• 5. The guide suggests that the visitor go see the Thirteen Tombs at a certain time. When is this? Why does she make this suggestion?

After having answered these questions yourself, look on page lOU f or the translation to this dialogue, then listen again to the dialogue to help you prepare to say your answers orally.

• F: Zài Tiananmen dōngbiar.

M: Guīmo dà bu da?

F: Hěn dà.

M: Nàr zhǔyào zhǎnlǎn xiē shenme?

F: Zhǔyào you cong gǔdài yìzhí dào xiànzàide gègè shíqǐde lìshǐ wénwù, dōu shi kǎogǔ gōngzuòzhě zài quǎn guo gèdì fāxiàn he shoujíde, fēichǎng zhēnguì. Nǐ kànle Běijīng Lìshǐ Bowuguǎn yīhòu, yídìng huì juěde lìshǐ shi láodòng rěnmín chuàngzàode.

Yesterday was Sunday. Where did you go to have fun?

I went to visit the Peking Museun of History.

Where is the Peking Museum of History?

To the east of T’ien An Men.

Is it extensive?

Very extensive.

What are the main things they have exhibited?

The main things there are histor: cal cultural products of every period from ancient times all the way to the present. They were discovered and collected by archaeological workers in various places throughout the country, and are very valuable After you’ve seen the Peking Museum of History you will sun feel that history is created b; the working people.

F: Měitiān dōu kāi.

F: Zuì shǎo yào bàntiān.

M: Wō yǐhòu yídìng yào qù kànkan.

Is the Museum of History open every day?

Yes.

How long does it take to visit t Museum of History?

At least half a day.

I’ll have to go see it sometime.

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 3

Dialogue and Translation for Exercise 4

M: Wo zài Měiguode shíhou jiù tīng-shuō Mingling shi Zhōngguo gudàide wěidà jiànzhù. Wǒ hěn xiǎng qù kànkan. Mingling lí Běijīng shìqū yuǎn ma?

F: Bu tài yuan. Shísānlíng lí Běijīng shìqū yǒu wǔshi gǒnglī.

M: Nī shuō Shísānlíng, Shísānlíng shi shenme yìsi?

F: Shísānlíng jiù shi Mingling.

Women Zhōngguo rén jiào Shísānlíng yīnwei nàr you shísānge huángdìde língmù. Wàiguo rén jiào Mingling yīnwei nèi shi Míngcháode língmù.

M: Mingling shi zài Běijīngde něibiar?

F: Zài Běijīngde běibiar. Nī cōng Déshèngmén wàng běi zǒu, yǒu yìtiáo dà lù, yìzhí dào Shísānlíng. Shísānlíng dìfang hěn dà. Nī cānguān Shísānlíng zhǔyào kànde shi Changlíng hé Dinglíng.

M: Biéde língmù ne?

When I was in America I heard thi the Ming Tombs were a great structure from Chinese antiqui' I’d like to go see them very much. Are the Ming. Tombs far from the city of Peking?

Not too far. The Thirteen Tombs are fifty kilometers from the city of Peking.

The Thirteen Tombs, you say? What does that mean?

The Thirteen Tombs are the Ming Tombs. We Chinese call, them the Thirteen Tombs because the are thirteen emperors’ tombs there. Foreigners call them the Ming Tombs because they’re tombs of the Ming dynasty.

Which direction are the Thirteen tombs from Peking?

They’re to the north of Peking. From Teshengmen you go north. There’s a main road which goes directly to the Thirteen Tombs The Thirteen Tombs cover a lai area. The main things you wiJ see when you visit the Thirtee Tombs are the Ch’ang Tomb and the Ting Tomb.

And the other tombs?

Suīrán biéde língmù kéyi qù kàn, kěshi kànle Chánglíng hé Dìng-líng yīhòu zài qù kàn qítāde língmù, jiù juede méi shenme yìsi le. Ěrqiě měige língmù lí lìngwàide língmù yě hěn yuǎn. . . . Nī yídào Shísānlíng jiù kànjian yíge Dàhongmén, guòle Dàhongmén bù yuan, lùde liǎng-biār you èrshiwǔge shíshòu, shíèr-ge shíren, hěn hǎo kàn. . . • Shísānlíng shi zài Tiānsh&u Shān, shānshang you hěn duo shìzi shù, qiūtiande shíhou shìzi hong le, man shān dōu shi hong yánsè.

Zhēn shi piàoliangjíle. Xiànzài yījīng shi qiūtian le. Nī zài děng liǎngge xīngqī qù zhèng hǎo.

M: Hǎo, hǎo. Xièxie ni.

Although you can go see the other tombs, after you’ve seen the Ch’ang Tomb and the Ting Tomb, if you go look at the other tombs you don’t feel they're all that interesting. And what's more, each tomb is also very far from the other tombs. .... When you get to the Thirteen Tombs you see a Great Red. Gate. Not far from the Great Red Gate, along both sides of the road, there are twenty-five stone animals and twelve stone men. ... It’s very beautiful. ... The Thirteen Tombs are T’ien Shou Mountain, and there are a lot of persimmon trees on the mountain. In the fall, when the persimmons turn red, the whole mountain is red. It’s really very pretty. It’s already autumn now. If you wait and go in two more weeks it will be just right.

All right. Thank you.

RED FLAG PEOPLE’S COMMUNE

• □ o Q a production brigade belonging to this

• □ a □ □ commune

production brigade belonging to another

' '"' ^z commune

5  — all types of paved roads and dirt roads

• 1. A: Women qù cānguānde nèige gōngshè jiào shénme?

• B: Jiào Hongqí Rénmín Gōngshè.

• 2. 2: '’Nongyè Xué Dàzhai. *

• 3. B: Zhèi shi yíge ’Nōngyè Xué Dàzhài’de xiànj in dānwèi.

U. A: Nǐmen gōngshè tǔdì mianji duō da?

• B: Tǔdì miànji jiǔshi píngfāng gōnglǐ.

• 5. A: Gōngshè shi zěnme zǔzhide?

B: Gongshède zǔzhi fēn sānjí gōngshè xiàtou you liùge shēngchǎn dàduì, shengchǎn dàduì xiàtou you qǐshièrge shēngchǎn duì.

• 6. A: Nǐmen zhèige gōngshè shēngchǎn shénme?

B: Women gōngshè zhǔyào shi shēngchǎn liángshi, yě shēngchǎn shuǐguo, shǔcài, hǎi you yāzi. zhǔ he yǔ.

• 7 A: Zhèr youde shíhou fāshēng shuǐzāi ma?

B: Women zhèige dìqū zài Jiěfàng qian chǎngchǎng fāshēng hànzāi, shuǐzāi.

What’s the name of the commune that we are going to visit?

It’s called the Red Flag People’s Commune.

’In Agriculture Learn from Tachai.’

This is an advanced unit winch" ’In Agriculture Learns from Tachai.’

How much land does your commune have?

The land area is 90 square kilometers.

How is the commune organized?

The commune is divided into three levels: under the commune are six production brigades, and under the six production brigades are 72 production teams.

What does your commune produce?

Our commune mainly produces grain, but it also produces fruit, vegetables, ducks, pigs, and fish.

Do you sometimes have floods here?

Before Liberation this area of land often had droughts and floods.

• 8. B: Yǐqián tǔrǎng yě bù hao.

• 9. A: Nèige shíhou měi gongqíng tǔdì shěngchan duō-shao liángshi?

B: Měi gōngqíng tudì píngjūn yìnián zhí shěngchan bābǎi gōng-jīn zuoyònde liángshi.

• 10. B: Jiěfàng yihòu, tāmen , xiūjiànle shuíkù.

• 11. B: Xiànzàide shěngchan děngyú Jiěfàng ylqiánde bábèi duō.

• 12. B: Neige gōngshè hái you yíge huàfeichǎng he yíge nongyàochang.

• 13. A: Zhèige gōngshè jīxièhuàde qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng?

B: Women yíjíng shíxíng nongyè jíxièhua.

- Not on Tape -

1U. huàféi

15. nongyào

Unit 5, Reference Notes

1. A: Women qù canguande nèige        What’s the name of the

gōngshè Jiào                    commune that we are

shenme?                         going to visit?

It’s called, the Red Flag People’s Commune.

Note on No. 1

Hongqí Renmín Gōngshè: ’Red Flag People’s Commune’. There are many communes in China called hy this name. Another common name is Dōngfēng Rěnmín Gōngshè, ’East Wind People’s Commune’.

Note on No. 2

This is a slogan which came out in 196U. It encourages all who are involved with agriculture to learn from the model commune, Dàzhài, located in Shǎnxī Province.

Note on No. 3

xiānjin dānwèi: ’advanced unit*. This is a unit of a factory or a commune which has made excellent achievements. In order for a unit to qualify as an advanced unit, it must have 1) carried out all political movements successfully, 2) successfully put into effect each policy directive, and 3) completely fulfilled the national plan for its product.

How much land does your commune have?

The land area is 90 square kilometers.

Notes on No. U

miànji: ’surface area*. Notice that in the answer it is not necessary to use any verb when giving the area. This is similar to the situation when giving ages or prices.

Tā èrshiqī suì le.                 She is twenty-seven years old.

Nèibǎn shǔ sìkuài qián.           That book is four dollars.

Quán she miànji liùshiqí          The area of the whole commune is

píngfāng gōnglǐ.                  6? square kilometers.

Notes on No. 5

... shi zěnme zuzhide?: The marker de at the end of the question is the marker for modification. The modified noun whicn would follow the marker de is omitted because it is understood.

Gōngshè fēn sǎnjí: There are three levels of commune organization: the team, the brigade, and the commune itself. At the top is the commune’s revolutionary committee CGemìng WěiyuánhuìZ1. Below that, each commune may have six to eight production brigades. A production brigade consists of the original farm village, which is then divided and organized into production teams. Commune members live in individual houses.

All the land, buildings, shops, clinics, large machinery, electrical power stations, factories, and so on belong to the commune.

However, the planning of the production and the paying of the members, which depends on the amount of production, is done on the production team le4el. All the teams have their own livestock, but they take turns borrowing large machines such as planters or tractors from the commune. Production teams often specialize in one type of activity, such as crop raising, machinery repair, or animal husbandry. Production brigades handle tasks which are beyond the capacity of a team, such as irrigation.

Note on No, 7

fāshēng: ’to happen, to occur, to arise’. This verb is often used in connection with unpleasant things: fāshēng wèntí, ’a problem arises*, fāshēng kùnnan. ’difficulties occur’, fāshēng chēhuo, ’a car accident happens’. Notice that in these examples the subject in the Chinese is indefinite and follows the verb. As you may remember, in sentences with verbs indicating appearance or disappearance of something, that is the coming of something onto the scene or the leaving of something from the scene, the indefinite subject always follows the verb. (See also Note No. 2 in Meeting Unit 7«)

Notes on No. 9

píng.jūn: ’on the average’. Notice the word order in the answer:

SUBJECT ADVERBS VERB MODIFIERS OF OBJECT OBJECT

The adverbial phrase with píng.jūn may also occur at the beginning of the sentence:

MODIFIERS ADVERBS           SUBJECT        VERB            OF OBJECT OBJECT

gōngqǐng: ’hectare (approximately 21/2 acres)’ Here are the metric terms for measurement of area in Chinese:

square meter (See Unit 7)

are, 100 sq. meters (not taught in this module)

hectare, 100 ares

square kilometer, 100 hectares

Note on No. 11

-fold’ The syllable -bèi is used after a number an amount, as in:

sānbèi          three times

shíbèi          ten times

yìbāibèi        one hundred times

Amounts with -bèi can occur in two different patterns. One pattern expresses comparison; an example is Liù bǐ sān dà yíbèi, ’Six is twice as much as three’. The other pattern expresses equivalence and uses the verb shi, you or děngyu; for example, Liù shi sānde liǎngbèi, ’Six is two times three’. The interpretation of a sentence with -bèi depends on which pattern is used. For example, if you use sānbèi in a comparison sentence, the meaning is ’the base amount plus three times the base amount’, or in other words ’four times’. If you use sānbèi in an equivalence sentence, the meaning is ’three times’.

(comparison) Tā (bǐ wǒ) dà             He is four times as old (as l).

sānbèi.                    (Literally, ’He is older

by three times’)

(equivalence) Tā yǒu wǒde sānbèi        He is three times as old

name dà.                    as I.

Equivalence

Notice that in this pattern if -bèi is followed by an adjectival verb, the adjectival verb may be preceded by name, which does not change the meaning significantly.

13. A: Zhèige gōngshè jīxièhuàde What is the situation re-qíngkuàng zěnmeyàng?            garding mechanization

on this commune?

B: Women yǐjíng shíxíng           We have already put agricultural

nōngyè jīxièhuè.                mechanization into effect.

Note on No. 13

jīxièhuà: *to mechanize’ Jǐxiè is the word for ’machinery’, and -huà is the syllable which corresponds to ’-ize’ or ’make into’.

Womende gōngshè jiào Hongqí Renmín Gōngshè. Shi yíge ’Nōngyè Xue Dàzhài’de xiānjin dānwèi. Quan gōngshède rénkōu yígòng you s ì w§ nwǔai ānl iùbǎi a í s hi s an ge rén. Tudì miànji jiǔshi píngfāng gǒnglí. Gongshède zǔzhi fen sǎnjí: gōngshè xiàtou you liùge shengchan dàduì, shěngchan dàduì xiàtou you qǐshièrge shěngchǎnduì. Women gōngshè zhǔyào shi shengchan liangshi, ye shěngchan shuíguo, shucài, hái you yàzi, zhu he yu.

Women zhèige díqū zài Jiěfàng Qian chángcháng you hànzāi, shuizāi. Turǎng yě bù hǎo. Mei gōngqíng tǔdì píngjūn yínián zhí shengchan bābǎi gōngjín zuōyòude liangshi. Jiěfàng yihòu, women xiūjiànle shuíkù. Shěngchan yínián bí yinián hǎo. Xiànzài píngjūn měinián yi gōngqíng tǔdì keyi shengchan liùqiānbābǎiwǔshiduō gōngjín liángshi, děngyu Jiěfàng yíqiánde búbèiduō. Xiànzài women zhèige gōngshè yíjing you yíge huàfěichǎng, he yíge nōngyàochǎng.

Jiěfàng yíqián women zhèige dìfang zhí yōu sìge xiǎoxué, méiyou zhōngxué. Xiànzài you shíjiǔge xiǎoxué, liùge zhongxué•

Our commune is called the Red Flag People’s Commune. It is an advanced unit which^,Zn Agriculture LEarns From Tachai’. The whole commune's population is H5,6?3 people. The land area is 90 square kilometers. The organization of the commune is divided, into three levels: under the commune are six production brigades, and under the six production brigades are 72 production teams. Our commune mainly produces grain, but it also produces fruit and vegetables, as well as ducks, pigs, and fish.

Before Liberation, this area of land often had droughts or floods. The soil was not good, either. Each hectare of land on the average produced only about 800 kilograms of grain year. After liberation we constructed a reservoir. The production gets greater year by year. Now each hectare of land can produce on the average more than 6,850 kilograms of grain a year, which is equal to more than eight times the production before Liberation. This commune now has a chemical fertilizer factory and an agricultural pesticide factory.

Before Liberation, we only had four primary schools and no middle schools here. Now there ire nineteen primary schools and six middle schools.

X < w         **

Xianzai women ^ZU1 zhòngyàode gōngzuò jiù shi zěnmeyàng zao yìdiǎr shíxíng quán xiàn nóngyè jixièhuà.

Right now our most important work is how to put agricultural mechanization into effect for the entire county soon as possible.

Unit 5, Tape 2 Workbook

Exercise 1

This exercise is a review of the Reference List sentences in this unit. The speaker will say a sentence in English, followed "by a pause for you to translate it into Chinese. Then a second speaker will confirm your answer.

All sentences from the Reference List will occur only once. You may want to rewind the tape and practice this exercise several times.

Exercise 2

In this exercise a representative of the Red Flag People’s Commune welcomes a group of American visitors to the commune and gives them some information about it.

The conversation occurs only once. After listening to it completely you might want to rewind the tape and answer the questions on page 122 as you listen to it a second time.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

Exercise 3

In this exercise you will hear a conversation in which a representative of the Red Flag Commune asks the American visitor some questions about the situation of American farm villages.

Listen to the conversation straight through, then listen a second time and turn to page 122 and answer the questions.

Here are the new words and phrases you will need to understand this conversation:

Note: In this conversation you will hear a new usage of the verb zhàn, ’to occupy a space or area’. Here the verb zhàn is used to mean ’to occupy a proportion of an amount’.

Nongyè rénkǒu zhī zhàn quán The agricultural population is only guo rěnkǒude bàifēn zhī si.         four percent of the whole populatioi

Percentage is expressed by the phrase bǎifēn zhī ..., ’... of one hundred parts’. You'll learn more about this in Unit 8.

Exercise U

In this exercise a foreign visitor talks with a commune member about different aspects of a commune: its size, agricultural products, and the educational aspect.

Listen to the conversation straight through once. Then on the second time through answer the questions found on page 123-

For this exercise you will need the following new words and phrases:

Exercise 5

This exercise gives you a chance to work on your understanding of amounts with -bèi. It does not occur on the tape. Do it on your own before class. Be sure you have read and understood the note on the use of -bèi (Unit 5, Note on No. 11 ) before attempting this exercise.

Answers for this exercise can be found on page

Questions for Exercise 2

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. What are the group of American visitors visiting? (Why do they make a visit to this place?)

• 2. This representative says that the commune was established in 1958. Throughout the years it has achieved a certain status. What does he say the commune is now?

• 3. What is the population of the commune?

U. What occurred before Liberation that no longer occurs now in the commune?

5. What do the Americans learn about commune organization?

6. How does present day commune production compare with production before Liberation?

After answering these questions yourself, you may want to take a look at the translation for this conversation found on page 12h . You may also want to listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

Questions for Exercise 3

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class.

• 1. Did the American grow up on the farm? If not, how does he know about the farm situation?

• 2. What sort of farm did the American work on? Was it a small farm? Did the farm produce only one product? If not, can you name the products they grew on the farm?

• 3. How many workers were on the farm? Were these people hired?

• U. How large is the farm?

5. Were the vegetables the farm produced sold or did the farm members eat them all?

6. In America are there problems in agricultural development?

After having answered these questions yourself, look at the translation for the conversation on page 126 , then listen to the dialogue again to help you practice saying your answers.

Questions for Exercise U

Prepare your answers to these questions in Chinese so that you will be able to give them orally in class. '

• 1. How large is the commune?

• 2. Why couldn’t the commune members grow things before on the commune?

• 3. Does all the land belong to the commune or are there also private plots of land.

• U. What does the call ’a pig for every person’ mean and who issued it?

5. Do the children on the commune all go to school? Is there only one school? Who attends classes?

After answering these questions, look at the translation for the dialogue and listen to it once again to help you prepare your answers.

Dialogue and. Translation for Exercise 2

M: Wo xiān jièshào yixia. Women gōngshè jiào Eongqí Rénmín Gōngshè. Wo shi Wang Jiànguo. Jīntian you Měiguo péngyou lai women gōngshè cānguān, women hěn huānyíng, xīwang nīmen xiang kànde dōu néng kàndao.

FJ Xièxie. Women hěn gāoxìng Jin:ian you jīhui lái nīmen gōngshè cānguān. Women xīwang liáojie nīmen gōngshè shi zěnme zǔzhíde. Yě xīwang liáojie nīmende shēngchǎn qíngkuàng hé shèyuānde shènghuo qíngkuàng.

I will first make some brief introductory comments. Our commune is called the Red Flag People’s Commune. I’m Wang Jianguo. We welcome our American friends who have come to visit our commune today, and hope that you will be able to see everything you would like to see.

Thank you. We’re very happy to have the chance to come to your commune to visit today. We hope to understand how your commune is organized, and we also hope to understand your production situation and the way the commune personnel live.

All right. I’ll tell you a little about it. Our commune was established in 1958. Now it is an advanced unit which ’In Agriculture Learns from Tachai’.

The population of the whole commune is 38,769 people altogether. The commune is organized into three levels. Under the commune are five production brigades. Under the five production brigades are sixty production teams. Our commune mainly produces grain, but we have quite a bit of side-line production too. We raise cows, sheep, pigs and chickens, we also have planted a lot of fruit. We also have a chemical fertilizer plant and a flour factory. Before Liberatioi when it rained alot in this area floods would occur, when it didn’t rain there were droughts and we could only ’depend on Heaven for food*. After Liberation, the Communist Party led us in building a reservoir. Now flood and droughts hardly ever happen anymore. Moreover, now we have the chemical fertilizer plant.

Womende liángshi shěngchan yinián bi yínián duo. Qùniān píngjūn měi gōngqíng tǔdì shěngchan qíqiānduō gōngjín, děngyu Jiěfàng qiánde qíbèi. ...Hao, wo jiù jiǎndānde jièshào dào zhèli. Děng nímen cānguān yíhòu, you shenme wènti hái kéyi tíchu-lai. Women zài tantan.

Our grain production is greater and greater every year. Last year, on the average, every hectare of land produced over seven thousand kilos, or seven times the production before Liberation. ...All right, I’ll end my simple introduction here. After you have visited, if you have any questions you can still bring them up. We’ll talk some more.