1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,000
Standard Chinese, a modular approach.

2
00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:07,000
Resource module on pronunciation and romanization. Take two.

3
00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:11,000
On this tape we're going to take up most of the vowel sounds of standard Chinese,

4
00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:15,000
as well as their spellings in the pinyin system of romanization.

5
00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:20,000
These vowel sounds all have approximate equivalents in English,although not exact equivalents.

6
00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:25,000
And there's always some precedent if only in forward names for their spellings.

7
00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:30,000
We'll hold the consonants to the same fairly obvious ones we used on the first tape.

8
00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:34,000
Turn to display one for this tape in your workbook.

9
00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:37,000
The left column has five Chinese surnames.

10
00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:40,000
Listen to the vowel sound in the first surname.

11
00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:52,000
Notice that the vowel sound a is spelled with the letter a as in Okinawa.

12
00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:55,000
Try repeating the surname after the speaker.

13
00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:06,000
Listen to the vowel in the second surname.

14
00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:16,000
Notice that the sound e is spelled with an i as in Tahiti.

15
00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:27,000
Try repeating,mi,mi,mi.

16
00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:29,000
Here's the third surname.

17
00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:40,000
Notice that the sound u is spelled with a u.

18
00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:45,000
The English vowel u,which is not quite the same as spelled with a u in Honolulu.

19
00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:47,000
Try repeating.

20
00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:57,000
Here's the fourth one.

21
00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:08,000
Notice that this does not sound much like the English vowel we use for Hong Kong.

22
00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:12,000
It sounds more like the short double o vowel in Hook.

23
00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:16,000
About the only word with this sound spelled o in English is woman.

24
00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:18,000
Try repeating.

25
00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:28,000
Listen to the last surname.

26
00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:40,000
Notice that the sound a is spelled with an e as in chicken.

27
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:44,000
Notice also that this is not the vowel sound spelled with an e as in hen.

28
00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:46,000
Try repeating.

29
00:02:54,000 --> 00:03:01,000
You may find the sound a written e a bit close to the sound a written a and to the sound o written o.

30
00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:05,000
Exercise 1 will give you practice in making these distinctions.

31
00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:09,000
For each numbered item,the speaker will read a surname.

32
00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:13,000
Write in the appropriate vowel letter repeating as you do so.

33
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:41,000
Then I'll give you the correct vowel letter.

34
00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:45,000
O 6

35
00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:48,000
Hang

36
00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:51,000
E 7

37
00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:53,000
Hang

38
00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:57,000
E 8

39
00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:59,000
Hong

40
00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:03,000
O 9

41
00:04:03,000 --> 00:04:05,000
Heng

42
00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:09,000
E 10

43
00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:11,000
Heng

44
00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:15,000
E 11

45
00:04:15,000 --> 00:04:17,000
Hong

46
00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:21,000
O 12

47
00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:23,000
Hang

48
00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:26,000
A

49
00:04:26,000 --> 00:04:29,000
Now try pronouncing the names in exercise 2.

50
00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:32,000
Don't let it bother you if you're not sure of some of them.

51
00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:37,000
You'll have a chance to repeat each of them after the speaker and each vowel will come up several times.

52
00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:39,000
Don't ignore the tone marks.

53
00:04:39,000 --> 00:04:42,000
Now when I give you the item number,try reading the item.

54
00:04:42,000 --> 00:04:45,000
One

55
00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:48,000
Ma

56
00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:52,000
Two

57
00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:55,000
Yi

58
00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:58,000
Three

59
00:04:58,000 --> 00:05:01,000
Four

60
00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:05,000
Four

61
00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:08,000
Long

62
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:12,000
Five

63
00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:15,000
He

64
00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:19,000
Six

65
00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:22,000
Wu

66
00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:25,000
Seven

67
00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:28,000
Fang

68
00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:31,000
Eight

69
00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:34,000
An

70
00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:37,000
Nine

71
00:05:37,000 --> 00:05:40,000
Long

72
00:05:40,000 --> 00:05:44,000
Ten

73
00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:47,000
Yong

74
00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:50,000
Eleven

75
00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:54,000
Mang

76
00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:57,000
Twelve

77
00:05:57,000 --> 00:05:59,000
An

78
00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:03,000
Thirteen

79
00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:06,000
Yin

80
00:06:06,000 --> 00:06:09,000
Fourteen

81
00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:13,000
Ming

82
00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:16,000
Fifteen

83
00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:18,000
Hong

84
00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:24,000
Now look at display 2,which presents four diphthongs or vowel combinations.

85
00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:27,000
Listen to the first surname.

86
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:32,000
Li

87
00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:39,000
Notice that the diphthong i is spelled ai as in Shanghai,which is pronounced in Chinese like this.

88
00:06:39,000 --> 00:06:44,000
Shanghai

89
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:47,000
Try repeating the surname.

90
00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:53,000
Li

91
00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:56,000
Here's the second surname.

92
00:06:56,000 --> 00:07:03,000
Wei

93
00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:11,000
The diphthong a is spelled ei as in Taipei,the largest city in Taiwan,which is pronounced in Chinese like this.

94
00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:16,000
Taipei

95
00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:23,000
Remember that without the letter i,the letter e was pronounced 呃,try repeating the surname.

96
00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:25,000
Wei

97
00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:30,000
Wei

98
00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:34,000
Here's the third surname.

99
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:40,000
hao

100
00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:45,000
The diphthong o is spelled a-o as in Mao Zedong in Chinese.

101
00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:50,000
Mao Zedong

102
00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:52,000
Try repeating.

103
00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:59,000
How

104
00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:02,000
Here's the last surname.

105
00:08:02,000 --> 00:08:08,000
Lou

106
00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:14,000
The diphthong o is spelled o-u as in Zhou and Lai in Chinese.

107
00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:19,000
Zhou and Lai

108
00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:21,000
Try repeating.

109
00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:29,000
Lou

110
00:08:29,000 --> 00:08:34,000
Now try reading the surnames in exercise three and repeat after the speaker.

111
00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:37,000
One

112
00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:40,000
My

113
00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:43,000
Two

114
00:08:43,000 --> 00:08:45,000
Fei

115
00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:49,000
Three

116
00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:54,000
Four

117
00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:56,000
Hou

118
00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,000
Five

119
00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:01,000
He

120
00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:04,000
Six

121
00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:06,000
Hu

122
00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:08,000
Seven

123
00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:10,000
Ha

124
00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:12,000
Eight

125
00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:15,000
Li

126
00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:17,000
None

127
00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:19,000
Lou

128
00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:23,000
Ten

129
00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:25,000
Meng

130
00:09:25,000 --> 00:09:28,000
Eleven

131
00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:30,000
Mei

132
00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:33,000
Twelve

133
00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:36,000
Lao

134
00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:39,000
Thirteen

135
00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:41,000
Long

136
00:09:41,000 --> 00:09:45,000
Fourteen

137
00:09:45,000 --> 00:09:47,000
Li

138
00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:50,000
Fifteen

139
00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:52,000
O

140
00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:55,000
Sixteen

141
00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:57,000
Wei

142
00:09:57,000 --> 00:10:01,000
Seventeen

143
00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:03,000
N

144
00:10:03,000 --> 00:10:05,000
Eighteen

145
00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:08,000
Nine

146
00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:12,000
Nineteen

147
00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:15,000
Yong

148
00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:19,000
Twenty

149
00:10:19,000 --> 00:10:21,000
How

150
00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:26,000
Up until this point, we've treated the sounds spelled w and y as if they were regular consonants.

151
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:33,000
Fanatically, however, they're shortened vowels or semi-vowels, which glide into the full vowel of the syllable.

152
00:10:33,000 --> 00:10:41,000
They're so close to being vowels that when a semi- vowel is followed by a vowel with the same articulation, it might be difficult to hear any transition.

153
00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:49,000
The syllable written wu may sound like u and the syllable written yi may sound like e.

154
00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:52,000
Like vowels, semi-vowels may follow consonants.

155
00:10:52,000 --> 00:10:59,000
When they do, the pinyin system writes them with the equivalent vowel letter u instead of w and i instead of y.

156
00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:05,000
Listen to the speaker read the triplets of surnames in display three.

157
00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:12,000
Hang,Wang,Huang

158
00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:18,000
Lan,Wang,Luan

159
00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:24,000
Mao,Yao,Miao

160
00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:30,000
Lang,Yang,Liang

161
00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:36,000
In each triplet, the first surname starts with a regular consonant, the second with a semi-vowel,

162
00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:41,000
and the third with a regular consonant followed by a semi-vowel spelled as a vowel.

163
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:44,000
If you have any difficulty with semi-vowels following consonants,

164
00:11:44,000 --> 00:11:50,000
you can build up to them by starting with full vowels and speeding up until their semi-vowels.

165
00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:57,000
For example, we could build up to the surname huang by starting from the full name, surname, and given name.

166
00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:01,000
Listen.

167
00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:05,000
Huang,Huang

168
00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:07,000
Again

169
00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:11,000
Huang,Huang

170
00:12:11,000 --> 00:12:14,000
Try repeating after the speaker.

171
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:19,000
Huang,Huang

172
00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:21,000
Again

173
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:26,000
Huang,Huang

174
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:32,000
Try repeating after the speaker as she reads through the display again.

175
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:39,000
Huang,Huang

176
00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:43,000
Huang

177
00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:49,000
Lan,Wang

178
00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:55,000
Luan,Mao

179
00:12:55,000 --> 00:13:01,000
Miao,Miao

180
00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:07,000
Lang,Yang

181
00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:10,000
Liang

182
00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:15,000
Now try reading the surnames in exercise 4 and repeat after the speaker.

183
00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:21,000
One,Han

184
00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:26,000
Two,Huang

185
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:31,000
Three,Huang

186
00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:35,000
Four,Lang

187
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:39,000
Five,Yang

188
00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:44,000
Six,Liang

189
00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:49,000
Seven,Luan

190
00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:53,000
Eight,Miao

191
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:58,000
Nine,Huang

192
00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:03,000
Ten,Liao

193
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:09,000
Eleven,Huang

194
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:15,000
Twelve,Huai

195
00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:21,000
Thirteen,Liang

196
00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:27,000
Fourteen,Luan

197
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:33,000
Fifteen,Liao

198
00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:39,000
Display 4 presents three irregularities that crop up in combinations of semivol and vol.

199
00:14:39,000 --> 00:14:43,000
Listen to the speaker read the first triplet of surnames.

200
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:49,000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

201
00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:54,000
Notice the effect of the semivol written Y or I, again.

202
00:14:54,000 --> 00:15:00,000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

203
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:06,000
After the semivol written Y or I,the letter E has the same sound value as in English yet,

204
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:10,000
rather than the sound value Uh,which it has alone.

205
00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:15,000
The rest of the same sound value it has in the diphthong A written EI.

206
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:19,000
Try repeating these three surnames after the speaker.

207
00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:26,000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

208
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:33,000
Again,Uh,Yeh,Liang

209
00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:37,000
Now listen to the second triplet.

210
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:44,000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

211
00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:49,000
Notice the effect of the semivol,again.

212
00:15:49,000 --> 00:15:55,000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

213
00:15:55,000 --> 00:16:01,000
Here after the semivol the AN takes on the sound value of EN in hen.

214
00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:06,000
We include the N in the rule because this change only takes place where there is an N.

215
00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:08,000
Try repeating these surnames.

216
00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:16,000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

217
00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:26,000
Again,Uh,Yeh,Liang

218
00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:31,000
Now listen to the three surnames in the last row.

219
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:37,000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

220
00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:42,000
Listen for the effect of the semivol written W or U.

221
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:50,000
Uh,Yeh,Liang

222
00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:58,000
ONG is pronounced UN,but after the semivol written W or U,the letter O stands for another vowel sound.

223
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:04,000
The combination WO or UO is pronounced rather like the beginning of the English word WAL.

224
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:07,000
Try repeating after the speaker.

225
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:16,000
LONG,WO,LO

226
00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:26,000
Again,LONG,WO,LO

227
00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:30,000
Exercise 5 provides some practice in these combinations.

228
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:32,000
Read the surnames and repeat.

229
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:37,000
1,Yeh

230
00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:42,000
2,Yen

231
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:47,000
3,WO

232
00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:53,000
4,Lie

233
00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:58,000
5,Lian

234
00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:03,000
6,Luo

235
00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:09,000
7,Liang

236
00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:14,000
8,Long

237
00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:19,000
9,Nie

238
00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:23,000
10,Heh

239
00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:28,000
11,Huo

240
00:18:28,000 --> 00:18:33,000
12,Yang

241
00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:38,000
13,On

242
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:42,000
14,Yeh

243
00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:49,000
15,Nian

244
00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:53,000
16,Luo

245
00:18:53,000 --> 00:18:58,000
17,Uh

246
00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:03,000
18,Luo

247
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:09,000
19,Lian

248
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:14,000
20,Lie

249
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:17,000
Now let's review what we've covered on this tape.

250
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:22,000
Try reading the surnames in exercise 6 and repeat after the speaker.

251
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:27,000
1,Fang

252
00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:32,000
2,Luo

253
00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:38,000
3,Huang

254
00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:41,000
4,Mao

255
00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:46,000
5,Yi

256
00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:50,000
6,Way

257
00:19:50,000 --> 00:19:56,000
7,Miao

258
00:19:56,000 --> 00:20:01,000
8,Luo

259
00:20:01,000 --> 00:20:07,000
9,Lai

260
00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:12,000
10,Hu

261
00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:17,000
11,Hong

262
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:22,000
12,Liang

263
00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:27,000
13,Luan

264
00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:32,000
14,Wo

265
00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:37,000
15,Lian

266
00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:42,000
16,Yang

267
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:47,000
17,Lian

268
00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:52,000
18,Lie

269
00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:57,000
19,Heh

270
00:20:57,000 --> 00:21:02,000
20,Yeh

271
00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:05,000
Exercise 7 is a dictation exercise.

272
00:21:05,000 --> 00:21:08,000
Try filling in the blank in the romanization of each surname.

273
00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:10,000
Repeating as you do so.

274
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:13,000
I'll give you the correct answers as we go.

275
00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:19,000
1,Fang

276
00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:26,000
A,2,Miao

277
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:31,000
2,Iao

278
00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:36,000
3,Yi

279
00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:42,000
4,Way

280
00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:47,000
5,Wu

281
00:21:47,000 --> 00:21:54,000
6,Huang

282
00:21:54,000 --> 00:22:00,000
7,Yeh

283
00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:07,000
8,Lian

284
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:14,000
9,An

285
00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:21,000
10,Yang

286
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:28,000
11,Luan

287
00:22:28,000 --> 00:22:35,000
12,Hong

288
00:22:35,000 --> 00:22:41,000
13,Liang

289
00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:47,000
14,Wo

290
00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:53,000
15,Luo

291
00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:59,000
16,Lai

292
00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:05,000
17,Huang

293
00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:11,000
18,Lie

294
00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:18,000
18,Lian

295
00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:25,000
19,Yan

296
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:31,000
20,Luo

297
00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:34,000
Wu

298
00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:41,000
20,Liang

299
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:44,000
21,Liang

300
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:49,000
22,Liang

301
00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:54,000
23,Liang

302
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:59,000
24,Liang

303
00:23:59,000 --> 00:24:03,000
25,Liang