WEBVTT

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Standard Chinese, a modular approach.

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Resource module on pronunciation and romanization.

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Tape 6.

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So far in this series of tapes on pronunciation and romanization,

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we've been dealing with single syllables.

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All of our examples have been single syllable surnames.

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On this tape we're going to take up two syllable combinations.

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Most of our examples will be place names.

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We'll be primarily concerned with sequences of tones,

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but our examples just happen to review all the vowel and consonant sounds and spellings we've covered.

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You've probably already started on the orientation module.

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If you have,you've already come across syllables in what we call the neutral tone.

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That is unstressed syllables which cannot be assigned to any of the four tones.

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Examples from unit one are the second syllables of

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先生,小姐,你呢?

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in 太太.

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Display one gives you four examples of the neutral tone.

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We need four examples because what we call the neutral tone

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is actually slightly different after each of the four full tones.

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Listen to the high tone verb to fly,

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the rising tone verb to be fat,

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the low tone verb to slander,

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and the falling tone verb to waste,

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each with the neutral tone ending luh attached.

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Faila,faila,faila,faila.

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Again,faila,faila,faila,faila.

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Notice that there is no tone mark over the neutral tone syllable in the romanization.

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A toneless syllable or what we call a syllable in the neutral tone has a definite pitch,

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but this pitch doesn't belong to the syllable the way a tone does.

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Instead it's determined by the tone of the preceding syllable,

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as you can see in the tone diagrams in the display.

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Notice the different heights of the dots representing the neutral tone,

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and listen for the correspondingly different pitches of the neutral tone

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as the speaker reads the syllables.

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Faila,faila,faila,faila.

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Again,faila,faila,faila.

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We won't go into it on this tape,

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but the pitch of the neutral tone is also affected by the tone of a following syllable.

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We also won't go into a freestanding neutral tone syllable

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and sequences of neutral tone syllables.

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After the high tone,the pitch of the neutral tone is almost at the bottom.

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Listen for the drop.

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Faila,faila,faila.

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Try imitating it.

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Faila,faila,faila.

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After the rising tone,the pitch of the neutral tone is in the middle.

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Listen for the drop.

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Faila,faila,faila.

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Try imitating it.

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Faila,faila.

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Faila.

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You may have noticed that the low tone of two slanders stayed low before the neutral tone of low.

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There was no rising tail.

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As a matter of fact,the low tone only has its rising tail when nothing follows it immediately.

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We'll go further into this in a moment.

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After this tail is low tone,which is sometimes called the half third tone,

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the pitch of the neutral tone is near the top.

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Listen for the jump.

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Faila,faila,faila.

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Try imitating it.

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Faila,faila,faila.

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After the falling tone,the pitch of the neutral tone is at the bottom.

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It really takes the place of the tip of the tail of the falling tone.

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Listen for the steady fall.

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Faila,faila,faila.

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Try imitating it.

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Faila,faila,faila.

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Now try repeating each example after the speaker.

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Faila,faila.

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Faila,faila.

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Again.

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Faila,faila.

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Faila,faila.

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This time try saying each example ahead of the speaker.

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Here we go.

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Faila,faila.

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Faila,faila.

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Again.

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Faila,faila.

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Faila,faila.

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Exercise 1 has these four examples in scrambled order.

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Read and repeat.

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One,faila.

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Two,faila.

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Three,faila.

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Four,faila.

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Five,faila.

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Six,faila.

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Seven,faila.

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Eight,faila.

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Nine,faila.

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Ten,faila.

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Eleven,faila.

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Twelve,faila.

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We notice that the low tone stays low before the neutral tone.

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It also stays low before the high, rising and falling tones.

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In other words,it stays low before any tone except another low tone.

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Listen to examples in display too.

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台北,北京,永平,保定.Again.

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台北,北京,永平,保定.

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The syllable 北,which means north, is in the low tone.

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In台北,the name of the largest city in Taiwan,it comes at the end and so it has its rising tail.

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In Beijing,Peking,it comes before a different full tone and so it loses its rising tail.

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The same thing happens in 永平 and 保定.

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Try repeating these examples after the speaker.

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台北,北京,永平,保定.Again.

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台北,北京,永平,保定.

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When a low tone comes before another low tone,something quite different happens.

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It changes to a rising tone.

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Display 3 has the names of two lakes in Peking.

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Nanhai,literally South Sea and 北海,literally North Sea.

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Notice that the tone diagrams are the same for both names.

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Before the low tone of 海,the low tone of 北 becomes a rising tone,indistinguishable from the rising tone of 南.

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Listen.

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南海,北海.Again.

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南海,北海.Try repeating.

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南海,北海.Again.

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南海,北海.

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Try repeating the examples in exercise 2 and repeat after the speaker.

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台北,北海.

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北京,3.

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永平,4.

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北海,5.

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保定,6.

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北海,7.

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北京,8.

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台北,9.

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北海,10.

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保定,11.

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永平,12.

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北海.

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Now look at the 20 examples in display 4,representing all two tone sequences.

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Listen to the speaker read across the rows,paying particular attention to the neutral tone and to the irregular low tones.

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山西,昆明,香港,開花,飞了.

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延安,云南,台北,羅定,肥了.

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北京,永平,北海,廣信,肥了.

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四川,热河,上海,奉意,肥了.

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台北,北海,廣信,肥了.

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飞了,high neutral,3.

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羅定,rising falling,4.

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北海,rising low,the basic low tone of bay has become a rising tone,5.

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热河,falling rising,6.

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四川,falling high,7.

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永平,low rising,8.

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開花,high falling,10.

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香港,high low,11.

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云南,rising rising,12.

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北京,low high,13.

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飞了,falling neutral,14.

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上海,falling low,15.

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廣信,low falling,16.

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飞了,rising neutral,17.

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昆明,high rising,18.

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延安,rising high,19.

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飞了,low neutral,20.

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奉意,falling falling.

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Now read and repeat the examples in exercise 4,concentrating on getting the tone sequences right.

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3.云安,4.飞了,5.

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四川,6.昆明,7.廣信,8.

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奉意,9.北海,10.

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飞了,11.永平,12.上海,13.

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飞了,14.云南,16.台北,16.

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挪定,17.开化,18.飞了,19.北京,20.

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任何.

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昌州,泽州,武昌,浙江,芝芙,杰石,九龙,

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越南,青岛,隋原,浦儿,日本,

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波翼,盟字,旅顺,万千,飞了,飞了,飞了,飞了.

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exercise 5 is another tone dictation exercise. Mark the tones appropriately, repeating as you do so.

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falling rising,3.旅顺,low falling,4.武昌,low high,5.隋原,

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rising low,6.飞了,high neutral,7.之福,high rising,8.万千,falling falling,9.浙江,

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falling high,10.浦儿, rising low,the basic low tone of 浦 has become a rising tone.

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11.飞了, rising neutral,12.杰石, rising rising,13.波翼,high falling,14.

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藏州,high high,15.日本,falling low,16.飞了,low neutral,17.九龙,low rising,18.

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盟字,rising falling,19.泽州,rising high,20.青岛,high low.

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now read and repeat the examples in exercise 6, concentrating on the tone sequences.

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汤州,2.浙江,3.九龙,4.隋原,5.波翼,6.

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万千,7.飞了,8.泽州,9.之福,10.

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越南,11.浦儿,12.盟字,13.飞了,14.飞了,15.

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武昌,16.杰石,17.青岛,18.日本,19.

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隋原,20.飞了,20.