CM 0185 S

STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE J

UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS

INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO

DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE

FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER

NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 939^0

TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES ETC., WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF VIEW ARE SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY FIND THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSATIONS OR WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE PRESENCE OF CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN THESE MATERIALS IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS OF THE WRITERS, OF THE DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT.

IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS "HE," "HIM," AND "HIS" DENOTE BOTH MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT APPLY TO TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.

STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

AUGUST 1979

PREFACE

Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei.

The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.

A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).

The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.

Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.

Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.

All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.

Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.

The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.

The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.

Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.                                         _

James R. Frith, Chairman

Qninese Core Curriculum Project Board

CONTENTS

Preface

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

Objectives

Map of Beijing

Map of Taipei

Target Lists

UNIT 1

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Using buses

’’When"

"First," "last," "next," "previous"

Duō, "to be many," and. shǎo, "to be few"

Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation)

Drills

UNIT 2

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

The marker a and its variant ya

The locational endings -shang and -li

More on the marker ba

The aspect marker ne

"Then": j iù, zài, cái Drills

UNIT 3 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

The prepositional verb bǎ

Adverbs expressing manner Drills

UNIT U Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Choice questions with háishi

More on topics and comments

Compound verbs of result Drills

UNIT 5 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Distances

Approximate numbers

Ban, "one half" Drills

UNIT 6 Reference List ................. .....

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)

Compound verbs of direction

More on new-situation le Drills

UNIT 7 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

More on compound verbs of result

"If"

Vocabulary Booster (Animals)

Drills

UNIT 8 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes .

"Why" and "because"

Time NOT spent

"All," "not all," "all...not"

"Again": you, zài Drills

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

Objectives

Target Lists

UNIT 1 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Making an appointment

Gēn for "and" and gēn for "with"

Three words for "time"

The prepositional verb duì, "to," "towards," "facing"

Comparisons: "more than"

More on compound verbs of result Drills..........................155

UNIT 2

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Making phone calls

The aspect marker zài for ongoing action "Whatever," "whenever," "whoever," "wherever"

Verbs and general objects

Vocabulary Booster (Occupations)

Drills

UNIT 3

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Extending an invitation

"Not only...but also..."

Comparisons: "equal to," "alike"

"Anyone," "anything," "anyplace," "anytime"

Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs "Furthermore"

Drills

UNIT 1

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Meeting people

More on completion le

The prepositional verb xiàng, "facing"

Duō and shǎo as adverbs Vocabulary Booster (Opposites)

Drills

UNIT 5

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Taking and leaving messages

Changing an appointment

The prepositional verb bǎ

Gang and gāngcái

More on compound verbs of result

Drills

UNIT 6

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Invitation to lunch

Comparisons: "less than" "even more"

Comparison overview

Sentence patterns: "although" and "both...and..." Drills..........................235

UNIT T

Reference List......................2U1

Vocabulary........................2^3

Reference Notes ...................... 2hU

Arranging an introduction

Using word order to express "the" and "a"

Objects of reduplicated verbs

Three-part motion verbs

Verbs for "remember" and "forget"

Drills

UNIT 8

Reference List....................  .

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Declining invitations

The prepositional verb tì, "in place of"

More on compound verbs of result

Comparison: něng, kéyi, huì

Drills..........................266

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

The Meeting Module (MTG) will provide you with the skills needed to arrange meetings or social gatherings, to greet people, to make introductions, and to accept or decline invitations in Chinese.

Before starting this module, you must take and pass the TRN Criterion Test.

The MTG Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, hut material from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, TRN, and associated resource modules is also included.

OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this module, the student should he able to

• 1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists.

• 2. Say any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists when cued with its English equivalent.

• 3. Make and respond to introductions with appropriate polite questions and answers.

• U. Make phone calls and leave messages.

• 5. Arrange a meeting (time and place) with someone hy talking with him or his secretary either in person or hy phone.

• 6. Request that the time of a meeting he changed.

• 7. Invite a person to lunch, deciding on the time and the restaurant.

• 8. Arrange a social gathering for a specific time of day, inviting guests to his home and encouraging them to accept the invitation.

• 9. Greet guests upon their arrival at his home.

• 10. Accept/decline a social/husiness invitation with the appropriate degree of politeness.

• 1. Wei, nl shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?

Shi. Nín shi něiwèi?

W3 shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.

Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jièn.

• 2. W3 y8u diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan.

• 3. Nín y3u gōngfu meiyou?

U. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?

• 5. Sāndiǎn bi liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr. Yīnwei w3 yìhuir chūqu, yěxǔ liangdian huíbulái.

Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì děng nín.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 6. huídelǎi

• 7. k3ng(r)

• 8. loushàng

• 9. shāngliang

• 10. y3u kòng(r)

Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?

Yes. Who is this, please?

I’m William Martin.

Oh, Mr. Martin— I haven’t seen you for a long time.

I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.

Do you have any free time?

What time would suit you?

Three would be more convenient than two. Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back by two.

Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock.

to be able to get back in time free time, spare time upstairs

to discuss, to talk over to have free time

• 1. Wei, Měidàsī.

W3 shi Jiānádà Dàshiguānde Qiāozhì Dāfēi. W8 y8u yíjiàn shi xiāng gēn Wèng Kēzhang jiǎng-yijiǎng.

• 2. WÉng Kēzhāng xiànzài zài kāi huì. Deng tā kāiwèn huì w8 gàosong tā gēi ni hui diànhuà.

• 3. Hao, xièxie ni.

Bú xiè.

U. NÌ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wo méi shiJian gēn ni shuō huà.

Mei guānxi.

W8 gěi ni da diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tāntan.

Nī míngtiān néng bu néng dào wo zhèr lái?

Keyi. Míngtiān shēnme shíhou dōu kéyi.

Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.

I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wāng.

Section Chief Wáng is at a meeting now. When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your call.

Fine. Thank you.

Don’t mention it.

When you called here, I didn’t have time to speak with you.

It doesn’t matter.

The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.

Can you come over here tomorrow?

Yes. Any time tomorrow would be fine.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 6. guānxi

• 7. Jiang huà

• 8. lingshiguǎn

• 9. shìqing (yíjiàn)

• 10. sīzhang

• 11. you guānxi relation, relationship, connection to speak, to talk; a speech consulate

matter, business, affair department chief

to relate to, to have a bearing on, to matter

• 1. Wo xiǎng xiàge Xīngqīliù qīng nín dào women jiā lái chī ge biùnfàn.

Nín hébì zhème kèqi?

• 2. Wo you yige Měiguo péngyou zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo shū. Hen xiSng gěi nīmen liangwèi Jièshao Jièshao.

Na tài hao leI

• 3. Wo hen xīwang gěn ni péngyou tāntan.

Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.

Búdàn shuōde bù hao, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.

• U. Nī shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hao.

• 5. Wo méi qīng shénme rén; hen suíbiàn.

Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 6. bù tong

• 7. chá

• 8. chī fan

• 9. dànshi

• 10. érqiě

• 11. fan

• 12. he

• 13. Jiāo shū

I would like to invite you to come to our house for a simple meal on Saturday of next week.

Why is it necessary to be so polite?

I have an American friend who teaches at Taiwan University. I would very much like to introduce the two of you.

That's wonderful’

I wish very much to talk with your friend.

However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.

Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I hear either.

You speak as well as an American.

I haven’t invited anyone special; it’s very informal.

Well then, I'll thank you in advance.

to be different

tea

to eat, to have a meal

but

furthermore, moreover (cooked) rice

to drink

to teach

• 1. He Jiàoshòu, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qǐng jin.

Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.

• 2. Wo zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuī huà.

Tèhié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.

• 3. Zhèiwèi shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiao shū.

Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.

1. Wo hái you hěn duō bù shōuxide dìfang yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào.

Professor Hollins, welcome. Pie come in.

Here is a small token of appreciation.

I know you like landscape painting

I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.

This is Professor Hollins, who teaches at Taiwan University.

Glad to meet you.

There is still much I’m not famil with that I need to ask your advice about.

• 1. Wài.

Wei, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn SIzhang shuō huà.

Nín shi nǎr a?

Wǒ shi Fǎguo Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.

• 2. Lin Sīzhǎng zhèihuǐr hú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?

• 3. Wǒ bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr xiěxiàlái.

• H. Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.

• 5. Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole Jīntiān dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan.

Yīnwei wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suóyi bù néng Jīntiān qù.

Gài dào míngtiān xíng bu xíng?

Hello.

Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief Lin.

Who is this?

I am the French Commercial/Economics Officer.

Department Chief LÍn is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?

I’ll write down your phone number.

I’m sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn’t in.

The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office today for a talk.

Because I have an urgent business matter, I can’t go today.

Would it be all right to change it Cthe appointment] to tomorrow?

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 6. háishi

• 7. wàiguo

• 8. wàiguo rén

• 9. wūzi (yìjiān)

• 10. yāo

still

foreign, abroad

foreigner (non-Chinese)

room

one (telephone pronunciation)

• 1. Women dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo bu hǎo?

Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài name hǎo.

• 2. Suírǎn bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí zhèli Jin.

Hǎi you yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jin.

• 3. Tāmen nàlide cài fēichǎng hǎo. Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.

Nà bù hǎo yìsi!

U. Dàhuǎde cài you hǎo you piǎnyi.

Yě you hǎoxiē cài biéde dìfang chībuzhǎo.

5. Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

Let’s go to the East Gate Restaurant to eat lunch. Okay?

The food at the East Gate isn't as good as the food at the Great China.

Even though it CEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.

There is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.

The food there is extremely good. Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.

I can't let you do that!

(That would be too embarrassing!)

The food at the Great China is both good and cheap.

They also have a good many dishes that you can't find (at) other places.

Any place you suggest is sure to be good.

• 1. Wǒ you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.

Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.

• 2. Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi shàngge lǐbài pài dào women zhèli laide.

Zenme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?

• 3. Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède.

1+. Nǐ néng bu néng màshàng dào wo bàngōngshì lai?

Mei wèntí. Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu jiù dào.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 5- jìde

• 6. rènde

• 7. renshi zì

• 8. wàng

• 9. wánquán

• 10. xiǎngqilai

• 11. zuǒyòu

I have something I would like to ask you about.

I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fang join you. I have forgotten his given name.

That’s right. Fang Deming was sent over here last week.

Why? Do you know him?

I graduated from the University of California.

Can you come to my office right away?

No problem. I’ll be there in about half an hour.

to remember

to recognize, to know (alternate word for rènshi)

to know how to read (literally, "to recognize characters")

to forget (alternate word for wàngji, especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)

completely

to think of, to remember

approximately

• 1. Wài, zhèi shi Llbīnsī.

Wei, wǒ shi Laidēng Dàshīde mìshū.

• 2. Dàshǐ jiēzháo nīmende qǐngtiě le.

Hen kěxī yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lai.

Qīng ni zhuǎngào Qiao Bùzhǎng.

Hen bàoqiàn.

• 3. Hen yíhàn, tā bù néng lai.

Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.

• 4. Xīwang yīhòu zài zhǎo jīhui jùyijù ba.

• 5. Zhēn bù qiǎo, méi bànfa qù.

• 6. Women you jige tǒngxué jìhua dào Chāngchéng qù wánr.

Hello. This is the Protocol Department.

Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.

The ambassador received your invitation.

Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9.

Please inform Minister Qiao.

I’m very sorry.

We very much regret that he cannot come.

I will pass on the message for you.

I hope that later we will find another opportunity to get together.

I really couldn’t make that; I have no way of going.

A few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall for an outing.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

everybody, everyone

to receive (alternate form of jiēzháo)

fellow worker, colleague

should, ought to, must

UNIT 1

REFERENCE LIST

* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape

• 7. B: Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì deng nín.

• A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn Jiàn.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

• 8. huídelǎi

• 9. kòng(r)

• 10. loushàng

• 11. shāngliang

• 12. yǎu k8ng(r)

Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock.

Fine. I’ll see you at three.

to be able to get back in time

free time, spare time

upstairs

to discuss, to talk over

to have free time

VOCABULARY

REFERENCE NOTES

Notes on No. 1

Wei is a greeting used, in telephone conversations for "hello." Some speakers pronounce this greeting as wài. Unlike most Chinese words, wèi has no fixed tone. The intonation varies according to the speaker’s mood.

Nín shi něiwèi? Note the use of the polite terms nín and něiwèi. In the English translation, politeness is expressed by the use of the more indirect "Who is this" instead of "Who are you" and also by "please."

Hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn, "I haven’t seen you for quite a while," is changeable with hǎo jiǔ měi jiàn.

Notes on No. 2

Gēn: In No. 2 the word gēn is a prepositional verb translated as "with." The preposition gēn, "with," differs from the conjunction gēn, "and," in two important ways: a) where stress may be placed b) where the negative may be placed.

• (a) When gēn is used as the conjunction "and," both items being joined are stressed and keep their tones. When gēn is used as the prepositional verb "with," a pronoun which follows is unstressed and loses its tone. Notice the contrasting tones on tā in the following sentences:

Wǒ gēn tā dōu lai le. Both he and I came.

Wǒ gēn ta lai.              I’ll come with him.

• (b) To make negative a sentence containing the conjunction gēn, "and," the negative is placed with the main verb. In sentences containing the prepositional verb gēn, "with," the negative precedes the prepositional verb. (You have seen this pattern with other prepositional verbs, for example, zài Csee BIO, Unit 2, notes on Nos. 8-113.) Notice the contrasting positions of the negatives in the examples below:

Wǒ gēn tā dōu měiyou qù. Neither he nor I went.

Wǒ měiyou gēn ta qù. I didn’t go with him.

• 3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu I don’t know whether you have the meiyou.                         time or not.

B: You gōngfu.                      I have the time.

Gōngfu, however, is used only for amounts of time which a person has available for his own use.

Notes on No, 4

Duì, "to," "towards," "with regard to," "with respect to," is a prepositional verb which originally meant "facing." In modern Chinese, its object introduces either the target of the action or the thing concerned. Contrast this with gěi, "for": the object introduced by gěi receives the benefit of the action. These generalizations may help you sort out some of the differences between duì and gěi. You might find it helpful to memorize some examples, as well.

duì INTRODUCING THE TARGET OF THE ACTION ("to")

Nīde huà shi duì shéi shuōde? To whom were you speaking?

Tā duì wo hen kèqi.               He is very polite to me.

Nī duì wo tài hǎo.                You are too good to me.

duì INTRODUCING THE THING CONCERNED ("with regard to," "with respect to")

Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?     What time suits you?

Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? What time is convenient for you?

Notice that the English is "for you" in the last example, but in Chinese you must say "What time is convenient with regard to you?"

gěi INTRODUCING THE BENEFICIARY

Wǒ gěi ta xiěle xìn le.          I wrote him a letter.

Zhè shi yìzhāng shíkuàide,       Here's a ten-dollar bill. Please

qīng ni gěi wo huànhuan.         change it for me.

Qīng ni gěi wo xiě nīde dìzhī. Would you write down your address for me, please?

Héshì is an adjectival verb meaning "to fit," "to suit," "to be suitable/appropriate." When trying on clothes in a store, you might say Zhèige bù héshì, "This doesn't fit." In another situation, héshì could be translated very freely as "best": Něitiān duì nín héshì? "What day would be best for you?"

Note on No. 5

Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr: Bǐ is a prepositional verb used to make comparisons between two things which are different.¹ In translating, you may find it helpful to think of bǐ as the English "compared with" or "than."² Notice that the bǐ phrase precedes the adjectival verb or another predicate in a sentence.

"Three is more convenient than two."

"He has more free time than I do."

The two elements being compared may be nouns, pronouns, verb phrases, or even full sentences. Actually, all elements Joined by bǐ act as nouns, as seen in the English translations of the examples below.

"Going by plane is faster than going by train."

"It’s more convenient for you to come than for me to go."

6. B: Yinwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxù Since I’m going out in a little liǎngdiǎn huíbulái.            while, I might not (he able to)

get back by two.

A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo.          Three is fine also.

Notes on No. 6

Yìhuǐr, "a little while": When r_ is added to a syllable ending in i_, the pronunciation changes to /er/. Yìhuǐr is actually pronounced yìhuěr.

Sentence placement of time phrases: Wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu is translated as "I’m going out IN a little while."Contrast this with wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr, "I’m going out FOR a little while." Let’s review the placement of different kinds of time expressions in a Chinese sentence.

If you want to say when something happens ("yesterday") or in how long something happens ("in two years"), you are using time phrases which in Chinese are considered to be POINTS IN TIME. Not only is a time phrase such as "two o’clock" a point in time, but a phrase such as "five days" can also be a point in time if the focus is on the end of this period of time. In English, this focus is expressed by "in five days," "by the end of five days," or "at the end of five days." In Chinese, you do not need to use words such as "in," "at," or "by" because the position of the time phrase in the sentence indicates the meaning. Time phrases which are considered points in time are placed BEFORE THE VERB.

WHEN (a point in time)

Wǒ zuōtiān kànjian ta le.      I saw him yesterday.

Wǒ cóngqián láiguo zhèli.      I have been here before.

Wǒ liǎngdiǎn zhōng huílai.     I’ll be back at two o’clock.

Wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng huíbulái.      I can’t make it back by one o’clock.

AT THE END OF/BY THE END OF (a period of time which is treated as a point in time because the focus is on the end point)

Wǒ sāntiān Jiu zuòwán le. I finished doing it in (by the end of) three days.

Wǒ wǔfēn zhōng Jiu zou.        I’m leaving in fat the end of) five

minutes.

Ni jítiān huilai?              In (at the end of) how many days will

you come back?

Ni duōJ iǔ kéyi xiěwán?         How long will it be before you can

finish writing it? (by the end of how long)

On the other hand, phrases which express CONTINUATION OF TIME have a different place in sentences. To express an amount of time which passes, put the time expression AFTER THE VERB.

DURATION (the length of time something continues)

Wǒ xiǎng gēn tā tán yìhuìr. I would like to talk with him for awhile.

Tā zài Xiānggǎng zhùle yíge She stayed in Hong Kong for one week. xīngqī.

TIME SINCE (the length of time which has passed since something happened)

Tā sìle sānnián le.            He died three years ago.

Wǒ zudwánle yíge zhòngtou le. It has been an hour since I finished.

Because yìhuir follows the verb in wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr, it indicates the length of time which will pass after I go out (chūqu). Yìhuìr precedes the verb in wǒ yìhuìr chūqu, indicating when I will go out (”in a little while").

Yěxǔ literally means "perhaps." The word is often used where "may" or "might" tfould be appropriate in English.

Yěxǔ liǎngdiān huíbulái, "I might not (be able to) get back by two": Notice that this expression liǎngdiān, in time-when position, before the verb, means "by" a certain time. Other time phrases in this position may also mean "by" a certain time.

Huíbulái is another form of huílái, "to come back." Compound verbs of result may be split by the negative bu or the syllable de. Huílái may become either huídelái, "can come back"/³" or huíbulái, "can’t come back." These two forms are called the potential forms of the verb; that is, the meaning "can/be able to" or "cannot/unable to" becomes part of the meaning of the compound. The following are examples of compound verbs of result and their potential forms.

to finish doing

able to finished doing, able to be completed

not able to finish doing, not able to be completed

Compound verbs of direction may also occur in the potential form:

Notice that the last syllables of these compound verbs (except for toneless qu) have full tones when they occur with -de- and -bu-.

J. B: Name, wo sāndiǎn zhōng zài Well then, I’ll wait for you in the lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín. reception room downstairs at three o’clock.

A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn.              Fine. I’ll see you at three.

Notes on No. 7

Word order: The first sentence of exchange 7 illustrates the rule TIME—PLACE—ACTION.

Huìkèshì is also pronounced huìkèshì.

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Here are some sentences illustrating the use of these vocabulary items:

Ni sāndiǎn zhōng huídelái Can you make it back by three o’clock? huíbulái?

Loushàng hái ySu rén?          Are there still people upstairs?

Wǒ xiǎng he nǐ shāngliang I would like to talk over a matter yíjiàn shi.                     with you.

Nǐ Jīntiān xiàwǔ you kòngr Do you have time this afternoon? ma?

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

• 1. Speaker: Wǒ you dian shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tantan.

(cue) Zhang Kēzhang (I have something I

would like to talk with you about in person.)

• 2. WǑ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

tā

• 3. Wo you diǎn shi xiang gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan.

Wèi Wuguān

U. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Wèi Wuguān dāngmiàn tántan.

Wáng Shàoxiào

• 5. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.

LÍn Xiānsheng

• 6. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Lin Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan. Lift Kēzhǎng

• 7. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

You: Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

(I have something I would like to talk with Section Chief Zhāng about in person.)

Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan.

Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wèi Wuguān tántan.

Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.

Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn LÍn Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan.

Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

• B. Transformation Drill

1. Speaker: Nín míngtiān lái ma? (Are you coming tomorrow?)

OR Tā zǒu le ma?

(Has he gone?)

You: Bù zhīdào nín míngtiān lái bu lái.

(I don’t know whether you are coming tomorrow or not.)

Bù zhīdào tā zǒu le meiyou.

(I don’t know whether he has gone or not.)

• C. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?

(cue) sāndiǎn

(What time would suit you?)

• 2. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīèr

• 3. Zài jīlóu duì nín héshì? wǔlōu

U. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān

• 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? zǎoshang

• 6. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? wǎnshang

• 7. Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì?

shídiǎn

Xīngqīèr duì nín héshì ma?

Zài wǔlou duì nín héshì ma?

Míngtiān duì nín héshì ma?

Zǎoshang duì nín héshì ma?

Wǎnshang duì nín héshì ma?

Shídiǎn duì nín héshì ma?

• D. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?

(cue) jīntiān

(What time would suit you?)

• 2. Jīdiān duì nín héshì? sāndiān

• 3. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīyī

U. Jīhào duì nín héshì? sìhào

• 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? shàngwǔ

• 6. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān

• 7. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīliù

You; Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi (Either today or tomorrow would be fine.)

Sāndiān, sìdiān dōu kéyi.

Xīngqīyī, Xīngqīèr dōu kéyi.

Sìhào, wǔhào dōu kéyi.

Shàngwǔ, xiàwǔ dōu kéyi.

Míngtiān, hòutiān dōu kéyi.

Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān dōu kéyi.

E. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shénme dìfang duì nín fāngbian?

(cue) léushàng

(What place would be convenient for you?)

• 2. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? sāndiān

• 3. Jīhào duì nín fāngbian? liùhào

• U. Něitiān duì nín fāngbian? míngtiān

• 5. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? shàngwǔ

You: Loushàng duì nín fāngbian, háishi léuxià duì nín fāngbian?

(Would upstairs or downstairs be more convenient for you?)

Sāndiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi sìdiān duì nín fāngbian?

Liùhào duì nín fāngbian, háishi qíhào duì nín fāngbian?

Míngtiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi hòutiān duì nín fāngbian?

Shàngwǔ duì nín fāngbian, háishi xiàwǔ duì nín fāngbian?

• 6. Tā màide duō yìdiǎn.

Tā màide bi wǒ duō yìdiǎn.

• 7. Tā xuéde màn yìdiǎn.

Tā xuéde bi wǒ màn yìdiǎn.

• H. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nǐ shénme shíhou chūqu? (What time are you going out?)

OR Nǐ chūqu duō jiu?

(For how long are you going out?)

• 2. Ni shénme shíhou chūlai?

• 3. Ni qù duō jiu?

U.  Tā shénme shíhou lai?

5.  Tā kàn duó jiu?

6.  Ni shénme shíhou zǒu?

You: Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūqu.

(I’m going out in Just a little while.)

Wǒ Jiù chūqu yìhuir.

(I’m Just going out for a little while.)

Wǒ yìhuir jiù chūlai.

Wo jiù qù yìhuir.

Tā yìhuir jiù lái.

Tā Jiù kǎn yìhuir.

Wǒ yìhuir Jiù zǒu.

I. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiānsheng míngtiān huídelái huíbulái?

(Will Mr. Zhāng be able to come back tomorrow?)

• 2. Wang Nushì Xíngqīsì huídelái huíbulái?

• 3. Li Tōngzhì shíyīdiǎn huídelái huíbulái?

• 4. LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshihào huídelái huíbulái?

• 5. Wèi Shàoxiào zhèige yuè huídelái huíbulái?

You: Zhāng Xiānsheng hòutiān cái huílai.

(Mr. Zhāng won’t be able to come back until day after tomorrow.)

Wáng Nushì XÍngqīwǔ cái huílai.

Li Tōngzhì shíèrdiǎn cái huílai.

LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshiyīhào cái huílai

Wèi Shàoxiào xiàge yuè cái huílai

• 6. Yáng Xiānsheng zaoshang huídelái Yang Xiānsheng wǎnshang cái huílái. huíbulái?

• 7. Zhào Tǒngzhì jīntiān huídelái Zhao Tǒngzhì míngtiān cái huílái. huíbulái?

  • J. Expansion Drill

  • 1. Speaker: Name, wǒ zài zhèr děng nín.

  (cue) in a moment

  (in that case, I’ll wait for you here.)

  • 2. Name, wǒ zài lǒuxià deng ta. for a moment

  • 3. Name, wǒ zài lǒushàng děng ta. at one o’clock

  U. Name, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín. for ten minutes

  • 5. Nàme, wǒ zài tā jiā děng nín. in a moment

  • 6. Nàme, wǒ zài xiāomàibù děng nín. for five minutes

  • 7. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta. for a moment

  
  

  You: Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài zhèr děng nín.

  (In that case, in a moment I’11 wait for you here.)

  Nàme, wǒ zài lǒuxià děng ta yìhuīr.

  Nàme, wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng zài lǒushàng děng ta.

  Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín shífēn zhōng.

  Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài tā jiā děng nín

  Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎcmàibù děng nín wǔfēn zhōng.

  Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta yìhuīr.

  
  

  UNIT 2

  
  

  REFERENCE LIST

  
  

(in Beijing)

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

to matter

VOCABULARY

(introduced, on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

REFERENCE NOTES

• 1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī.

• A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshíguǎnde Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiang gēn Wáng Kēzhǎng JiǎngyiJiǎng.

Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.

I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wáng.

Notes on No. 1

Měidàsī: In Chinese, abbreviations are made up of one syllable from each word in a term. In Měidàsī, měi stands for Měizhōu, ’’American continent.” Dà stands for Dàyángzhōu, ’’Oceania” (the islands of the South Central Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand). The ending sī means ’’department." It is used only within organizations on the national level.

Yíjiàn shi: The counter -Jiàn in this expression is also the counter for luggage. Yíjiàn shi literally means "a piece of business."

Jiang and Jiang huà: The English word "speak," meaning the activity in general, must be translated into Chinese with a verb and its GENERAL OBJECT: Jiǎng huà In other uses, the verb "to speak," Jiǎng, may be followed by a specific object or a phrase showing duration, or it may be changed into a multisyllabic verb, such as Jiǎngyijiǎng. Other verbs which are used the same way are shuō huà, xiě zi, and niàn shū.

Tā zài Jiǎng Zhōngguode        He is talking about Chinese affairs,

shìqing.

Tā yījīng Jiǎngle bù shǎo. He has already said a lot.

Tāde Jiǎng huà hen you yìsi. His talk was very interesting.

Jiǎng is not used to say that someone said something. Instead, shuō is used.

Tā shuō tā bù néng lái.        He said he could not come.

• 2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. Oh, she is at a meeting now.

C: Deng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong When she is finished with the meet-tā gěi ni hui diànhuà.         ing, I will tell her to return

your call.

Notes on No. 2

Zài is the aspect marker for ongoing actions. It indicates that the action is in progress. The corresponding verb in the English translation usually ends in -ing. Zài is used only with verbs which express actual dynamic action. State and process verbs may not be used with zài. Many

le, guo, and de.

Are the students having class?

They are not having class. They have already left.

Weren’t you studying when he came over?

No, I wasn’t studying. I had already gone out to play.

Is he watching television?

The aspect marker zài and the aspect marker ne often occur in the same sentence, indicating absence of change.

Tā zài kàn bào ne.              She is reading the paper.

Sometimes ne is used without zài.

Tā kàn bào ne.                  She is reading the paper.

Deng, literally "to wait": In the second sentence of No. 2, the verb děng is used at the beginning of a phrase to mean "when." Deng may be used with de shíhou, "when," in the same phrase. Often, the second part of a sentence beginning with děng will contain an adverb meaning "then"—Jiù, zài, or cái.

Kāi huì, "to meet," "to hold a meeting," is an example of a verb and its general object.

Kāiwán, "finish holding Lthe meeting]": Wán is the verb "to finish." It is used as an ending in a compound verb of result in No. 2.⁴ Wán expresses the idea of "over," "up," as in "Class is over," "All the paper has been used up."

But be careful: wán is not used as a main verb when an object follows the verb. Instead of saying "finish this," using wán by itself, you would say bā zhèige chǐwán, "finish eating this"; bǎ zhèige zuòwán, "finish doing this"; or bǎ zhèige kànwán, "finish reading this."

Wan may sometimes be used as a main verb when there is no object, as in Diànyǐng wán le, "The movie is finished." But far more often wán occurs as an ending which indicates result.

Diànhuà (literally, "electric speech") may mean either "telephone" or "telephone call."

Hui diànhuà, "to return a phone call," "to call back": You have learned the verb hui, "to return," as in Nǐ shenme shíhou huíqu? "When are you going back?" In No. 2, hui takes a direct object, diànhuà. Compare hui diànhuà with da diànhuà, "to make a phone call," which is found in exchange U.

Gěi ni huí diànhuà, "call you 'back": You have learned the prepositional verb gěi, meaning "for Cthe benefit of]." In gěi ni huí diànhuà, gěi is translated as "to." Because there are two meanings for gěi, occasionally a sentence may be ambiguous. For example, Wǒ gěi ta jìqule liǎngbāo cháyè means either "I sent two packages of tea to him" or "I mailed out two packages of tea for him."

Duì is also translated as "to." Duì introduces the target; gěi introduces the receiver. In other words, duì expresses the intended direction but does not necessarily imply that the target is reached. Gěi usually implies receiving, as you might expect, since it means "give" as a full verb.

You use gěi to indicate the receiver when you say

But, to indicate the target, you say

duì ta hao duì ta kěqi duì ta shēngqì

Notice that duì is used especially to indicate the target of feelings and attitudes, while gěi is used with actions such as calling, mailing, and sending.

• 3. A: Hao, xièxie ni. C: Bú xiè.

Note on No. 3

Bú xiě is an idiom meaning something like "don’t thank Cmel." (Literally, "Don’t thank me" would be Bié xiě wǒ.)

Notes on No. U

Dǎ diànhuà means "to make a phone call. ’’ (Literally, dǎ means "to hit.")

Wǒ zuotiān wǎnshang gēi Mǎ I called Mrs. Mǎ last night.

Tàitai dǎle yige diànhuà.

Wǒ dǎ liǎngge diànhuà jiù I'll be right there after I make lai.                            a couple of phone calls.

Shuō huà, "to speak," is a verb with a general object—literally, "speak words." Verb + general object is often translated into English by a verb alone: niàn shū, "to study"; kāi chē, "to drive."

Mei guānxi: Other translations for this very useful expression are "that’s okay," "don't worry about it," "it doesn’t make any difference." Literally, mēi guānxi would be translated as "there isn't any connection."

Note on No. 5

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi...: In English, the word "reason," or "purpose," begins the phrase, with the modifying clause following. In Chinese, everything modifying "the purpose" precedes mùdi.

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuà -de mùdi shi ....

(The reason why I called you is . . . .)

Mùdi, "purpose," "aim," "objective": Although translated idiomatically as "reason" in exchange 5, mùdi does not really mean "reason"/"cause." The English terms should be translated as yuányǐn: wǒ láiwǎnde yuányǐn, "the reason I came late"

Note on No. 6

Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi, ’’anytime is okay’’ (more literally, "whatCeverl time, all is okay”), illustrates a pattern for expressing the idea of "any" in Chinese: a question word, such as shéi, shénme, nār, and něitiān, followed by dōu, "all."

Shéi dōu néng qù.               Anyone can go.

Nǎr dōu kéyi.                   Anyplace will do.

The ideas of "nobody," "nowhere," "nothing," and "none" are expressed by adding bù or méi after dōu in the pattern above.

Shéi dōu bú yào zōu.           Nobody wants to leave.

Nār dōu bu duì.                 No place is right.

Zěnme dōu bù xíng.             No way will do.

Shénme dōu méiyou.             There is nothing.

The "any/no" expression need not be the subject of a sentence; it may also be the object. Even if the expression is the direct object, it must precede the verb.

Tā shéi dōu xīhuan.            He likes anyone/everyone.

Wǒ nār dōu bu qù.               I won’t go anywhere.

Nèige shāngdiàn shénme dōu That store sells everything, mài.

Tā něige dōu bù xìhuan.        He doesn’t like either/any of them.

(As objects, many of these expressions must be translated as "every....")

An "any/no" expression may also be the object of a prepositional verb.

Wǒ gēn shéi dōu méi shuō huà. I didn’t speak with anyone.

Notes on No. 7

Dào wǒ zhèr lái means, literally, "come over to the place where I am." While plurals such as women zhèr and nlmen nàr often refer to institutions, the singular wǒ zhèr, nǐ nàr, and tā nàr usually refer to any place where a person might be. In an office shared by two people, for instance, you could say Wǒ zhèr meiyou Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn; nín nàr you méiyou? "I don’t have an English-Chinese dictionary over here; do you have one over there?"

Dào, like zài, is a verb which requires a place word as its object. Sentences like "Come over here to me" and "Go over there to Mr. Wáng" must be translated as Dào wǒ zhèr lái and Dào Wáng Xiānsheng nar qù. Zhèr and nàr make wǒ and Wáng Xiānsheng parts of place-word phrases.

to matter

Note on Additional Required Vocabulary

You guānxi: To talk about the relationship of two things, use ...gēn...you guānxi or ...he...you guānxi.

Lǐngshiguǎn he dàshiguǎn What is the relationship between you shénmeyàngde guānxi? the consulate and the embassy?

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Occupations

accountant

actor, actress architect athlete

author, writer

barher blue-collar worker builder businessman

carpenter

chemical engineer civil engineer civil servant composer cook customs official

diplomat doctor

(newspaper) editor electrical engineer electrician employee, clerk, attendant

farmer, peasant fisherman

gardener governess government minister

housewife

lawyer

manager mayor mechanic mechanical engineer movie star musician

kuàijìshī yǎnyuán jiànzhùshī yùndòngyuán zuōj iā

līfàshī, lǐfàde gōngrén

yíngzàoshāng shāngrén

mùjiang, mùgōng huàxué gōngchéngshī tǔmù gōngchéngshī gōngwùyuán zuòqǔj iā

chúshī hǎiguān guānyuán

wàij iāoguān dàifu, yīshēng

biānji

diànjǐ gōngchéngshī diàngōng fúwùyuán

nongmín yumín

yuándīng, huājiàng bǎomǔ

bùzhǎng

Jiātíng zhǔfù, jiātíng fùnu lushī

J īnglī shizhang jīxièshī, jīxièyuán jīxiè gōngchéngshī diànyīng míngxīng yīnyuèj iā

nuclear engineer nurse

office staff worker (Chinese) opera performer

painter (artist) pharmacist pilot policeman postman professor

reporter

sailor salesman secretary servant shoemaker shoe repairman store clerk, salesperson

teacher typist

(star) vocalist

waiter, waitress

hézǐ gōngchéngshī hùshi

zhíyuán

Jīngjù yǎnyuán

huàjiā yàojìshī fēixíngyuán jǐngchá yóudìyuán jiàoshòu

Jìzhě

hǎiyuán, shuǐshǒu, chuányuán tuīxiāoyuán

mìshū

yòngren

xiéjiàngshīfu xiūxiéde shòuhuòyuán

j iàoyuán dazìyuán

gēxīng

fàndiàn fúwùyuán

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

• 1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (cue) dǎ diànhuà

(He is at a meeting now.)

• 2. Tā xiànzài zài dā diànhuà. děng ni

• 3. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni. gēn Wang Xiānsheng shuō huà

U. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà. gōngzuò

• 5. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò. J iǎng huà

• 6. Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà. huàn qián

• 7. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.

You: Tā xiànzài zài da diànhuà.

(He is making a phone call now.)

Tā xiànzài zài děng ni.

Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà.

Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò.

Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà.

Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.

• B. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (cue) yìhuǐr

(He is at a meeting now.)

• 2. Wáng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài Jiang huà. xiàwǔ

• 3. Zhāng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xué Zhōngguo huà. shàngwǔ

U. Mǎ Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà. míngtiān

You: Yìhuǐr qǐng tā gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

(In a little while please ask him to call me back. All right?)

Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

Shàngwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

Míngtiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu haō?

• 5. Wang Tōngzhì xiànzài zài gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jiǎnghuà. yìhuǐr

• 6. Lǐ Nushì xiànzài zài gēn Wang Dàshī kāi huì. jīntiān

• 7. Zhū Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xuē Zhōngwén. xiàwǔ

Yìhuǐr qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo hu hǎo?

Jīntiān qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

C. Expansion Drill

D. Substitution Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (cue) shéi

(Any time would be fine.)

• 2. Shéi dōu kéyi.    nǎr               Nǎr dōu kéyi.

• 3. Nǎr dōu kéyi.     něige             Něige dōu kéyi.

• U.  Něige dōu kéyi.   shénme dìfang     Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.

• 5. Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.             Duōshao dōu kéyi.

duōshao

• 6. Duōshao dōu kéyi. dué jiǔ        Dué jiǔ dōu kéyi.

• 7. Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.

• E. Substitution Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (cue) any length of time

(Any time would be fine.)

• 2. Jīdiǎn zhōng dōu kéyi. any number of hours

• 3. Něitiān dōu kéyi. any number of days

• 4. Něiniǎn dōu kéyi. any number of years

• 5. Xīngqījī dōu kéyi. any number of weeks

• 6. Jīhào dōu kéyi.

any number of days

• 7. Jīyuè dōu kéyi.

any number of months

You: Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.

(Any length of time would be fine.)

Jīge zhōngtou dōu kéyi.

Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.

Jīniǎn dōu kéyi.

Jīge xīngqī dōu kéyi.

Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.

Jīge yuè dōu kéyi.

G. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shǎi lǎi? (Who is coming?)

• 2. Shǎnme dìfang bù hǎo?

• 3. Neige dìfang kǎyi?

U. Shǎi bú hui?

• 5. Nǎr hǎo?

• 6. Tā shǎnme shíhou nǎng qù?

• 7. Ni nǎitiān bù mǎng?

You: Shǎi dōu lǎi.

(Everyone is coming.)

Shǎnme dìfang dōu bù hǎo.

Nǎige dìfang dōu kǎyi.

Shǎi dōu bú hui.

Nǎr dōu hǎo.

Tā shǎnme shíhou dōu nǎng qù

Wo nǎitiān dōu bù mǎng.

• H. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Ní qù nǎr? (Where are you going?)

• 2. Ni dào nǎr qù?

• 3. Tā qù shénme dìfang?

U. Tā dào shénme dìfang qù?

• 5. Ni mǎi nǎige?

• 6. Ni kàn něibǎn?

• 7. Nī zuò shénme?

You: Wō nǎr dōu qù.

(I'm going everywhere.)

Wō nǎr dōu qù.

Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.

Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.

Wō nǎige dōu mǎi.

Wo nǎibǎn dōu kàn.

Wō shénme dōu zuō.

I. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Shéi lǎi?

(cue) everyone

(Who is coming?)

• 2. Shéi kéyi? anyone will do

• 3. Shéi lǎi? no one

U. Nì mǎi nǎige?    all of them

• 5. Ní dào nǎr qù?   nowhere at all

• 6. Nǎige hǎo? all of them

• 7. Shéi huì shuō Zhōngguo huà? everyone

You: Shéi dōu lǎi.

(Everyone is coming.)

Shéi dōu kéyi.

Shéi dōu bù lǎi.

Wō nǎige dōu mǎi.

Wō nǎr dōu bú qù.

Nǎige dōu hǎo.

Shéi dōu huì shuō Zhōngguo huà

(in Taipei)

• 1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?

• A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.

• 2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?

• A: Bú shi kèqi.

A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cóng Měiguo lǎi.

A: Tā xiànzài zài Tǎiwān Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.

A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nīmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.

• 3. B: Nà tài hǎo le!

• B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tǎntan.

• B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.

• B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.

• U. A: Nǎli, nǎli.

• A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hǎo.

• 5. ⁵A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?

• B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.

6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suíbiàn.

B: Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.

Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week?

I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a simple meal.

Why is it necessary to be so polite?

It’s not politeness.

I have a friend who has Just come from America.

She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.

I would very much like to introduce the two of you.

That's wonderful!

I wish very much to talk with her.

However, I'm afraid that my English isn’t good enough.

Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I hear either.

Not at all, not at all.

You speak as well as an American.

How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?

That would be fine.

I haven't invited anyone special.

It's very informal.

Well then, I'll thank you in advance.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and P-1 tapes)

VOCABULARY

(introduced on C-2 tape)

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?

A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.

Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week?

I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a simple meal.

Notes on No. 1

Xiàge Xīngqīliù means "Saturday of next week." "Saturday of this week" is zhèige Xīngqīliù, and "Saturday of last week" is shàngge Xīngqīliù.⁶

Chī ge biànfàn; Here the verb chī, "to eat Csomething}," takes the object (yi)ge biànfàn, "a simple/informal family meal." When talking about the general activity of eating, however, use chī with the general object fàn, literally "(cooked) rice": chī fàn, "to eat"

The word biànfàn is used as a modest description in inviting guests for a meal served in the home. The meal is generally "simple" only in the sense of not being a banquet. A Chinese family meal usually consists of several dishes plus a soup.

2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?

A: Bu shi kèqi.

A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cōng Měiguo lai.

A: Tā xiànzài zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo JīngJixué.

A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.

Why is it necessary to be so polite? It’s not politeness.

I have a friend who has Just come from America.

She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.

I would very much like to introduce the two of you.

Notes on No. 2

Hébì is a somewhat formal way of saying ’’Why is it necessary to...?” He is a literary word for ’’why.” Bì is a literary word for ’’must.” (You may recognize it from bú bì, ’’need not,” "to be unnecessary.’’)

Notice that the first speaker in exchange 2 does not respond to the dinner invitation with an immediate ’’Thank you, I would love to," as one might do in English. Instead, the Chinese prefer the equivalent of ’’That’s too kind of you" or "Oh, you really shouldn't." When you receive an indefinite invitation (like "I hope you can come over to my house for dinner some day"), do not ask immediately for the date and time. Rather, you should thank the person for his politeness and say that you also hope that you can get together. Vague invitations may simply be in superficial accordance with the rules of etiquette, and you might put your acquaintance on the spot by accepting.

Bu shi kèqi is the appropriate response when a person suggests that you are treating him too politely.

Jiāo, "to teach," is a verb which requires a general object when no specific object is mentioned. Contrast Jiāo shū, "to teach," with Jiāo Jǐngjixué, "to teach economics."

Nǐmen liǎngwèi means "the two of you," or "you two." The other plural pronouns may be used similarly:

Tāmen sìge rén dōu yǐjing Those four have all been there already, qùguo le.

Tāmen sānge rén dōu xiang All three of them are planning to niàn lìshǐ.                     study history.

A number phrase may also follow a list of nouns or pronouns in Chinese. Either the listing or the number is usually omitted in the English translation.

Wō, nǐ, tā sānge rén dōu qù, Why don’t all three of us go? hǎo bu hǎo?

Lǐ Xiānsheng gēn Wáng          Both Mr. Lī and Mr. Wáng (the two of

Xiānsheng liǎngwèi dōu         them) called me.

gěi wo dǎle diànhuà le.

Gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao: There are two things to note in this sentence. First of all, while the English language "introduces two people TO each other," the Chinese language "introduces FOR the two people," gěi...jièshao. Secondly, the speaker has chosen to repeat the verb Jièshao. In a sentence expressing the speaker's desired course of action, the reduplicated form of the verb makes the statement less blunt and demanding.

Notes on No. 3

Tài hǎo le, ’’wonderful,’’ or, more literally, ’’too good.’’ You have seen tài translated as ’’excessively,” or ’’too”: ”It’s too expensive!” Tài guì le! In other contexts, tài simply indicates an extreme degree and is translated as ’’very.” When used this way, tài is commonly heavily stressed.

Zhèiběn shū zhēn shi tài you This book is really very interesting! yìsi le!

Búguò, ’’however,” is often interchangeable with kěshi, ’’but,” and is therefore used more frequently than the English ’’however.”

Kongpà means ”to be afraid that Csomething is/is not the easel.” It sometimes means "probably," as in Zhèiběn shū kǒngpà shi tāde, "This book is probably his.”

Búdàn...yě... is equivalent to the English "not only...but also....”

Not only can he speak Chinese, but he can also speak Japanese.

Not only doesn’t he like the red one, but he doesn’t like the blue one either.

Tīngbudǒng, "can’t understand": The verb dǒng is used to indicate the result in a compound verb of result. Here is another example of dǒng used in this way:

Zhōngwén bàozhī nī kàndedǒng Can you read (and understand) Chinese kànbudǒng? newspapers?

Shuōde bù hǎo VS. tīngbudǒng: The many ways in which one-syllable Chinese verbs may be combined to make patterns and compounds can be confusing. In No. 3, you see both an action verb and its manner adverb (in the negative), shuōde bù hǎo, and a compound verb of result (in its "unable" form), tīngbudǒng. Compare these two forms:

ACTION                                ACTION MARKER or NEG.

VERB   MARKER NEG. ADV. MANNER VERB (not both)    RESULT

The marker de is always part of the manner adverb expression but alternates with bù in compound verbs of result. Manner adverb expressions expand to allow not only for negation but also for additional adverbs such as hen and tài. Compound verbs of result cannot do this. There are always three, and only three, parts to the compound verb of result.

Notes on Nos. 1+-5

Gēn...yíyàng hǎo: Yíyàng is an adjectival verb meaning "to be the same." When a sentence tells you in what respect the compared items are alike, yíyàng acts as an adverb and may be translated as "equally."

"Our cars are alike."

"Our cars are equally expensive."

The area of comparability may be described by predicates other than adjectival verbs.

"The two of them are equally studious."

The items being compared may be expressed separately, using gēn. In this case, gēn is the prepositional verb meaning "with." The item preceding gēn is compared WITH the object of gēn.

"My car is like his."

Gēn may be used to compare nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, and clauses. Often one of the two phrases or clauses is a shorter form of the other.

"You speak as well as an American."

"My car is like his (car)."

"You drive as fast as I do."

Notes on No. 6

Méi qīng shénme rén: In this sentence, shénme is not the question word "what" but is theindefinite "any." When used with bù or méi, shénme rén means "anyone special," or "anyone in particular." All question words may follow the verbs in negative statements to give similar meanings. Here are some examples of "any___ special" meanings:

Wǒ méi chī shénme fàn.         I didn’t eat much of anything.

Wǒ méi gēn shéi qù.            I didn’t go with anybody special.

Wǒ méi dào nǎr qù.              I didn’t go anyplace in particular.

I don’t have any money to speak of.

I don't want hut a few. (I want only a few.)

Suíbiàn is a frequently used expression which has connotations of "casual," as contrasted with kèqi, "proper" or "formal." Literally, suíbiàn means "according to convenience." Here are some examples:

Zenme zuò?                      How shall we do it?

Suíbiàn.                        However you like.

Suíbiàn shenme shíhou lái. Come anytime you like.

Suíbiàn zuò nǎr dōu kéyi. You may sit anywhere you like.

Nà jiù xiān xiè le: In this sentence, nà is acting as an adverb meaning "in that case," "if so," or "then." The English translation "I'll thank you in advance, then" is very formal. You would be more likely to say something like "Great. I'm looking forward to it."

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Bù tong may be used in much the same way as bù yíyàng. Note that bù tong occurs only in the negative. (There is no tǒng.^

Shànghǎi huà he Běi jIng huà The. Shànghǎi dialect and the Běi jIng hen bù tong.                    dialect are very different.

Chi fàn, "to eat," is an example of a verb plus a general object used to express a general activity. The verb chi may also take specific objects, such as miàn, "noodles."

Dànshi, "but," is used much like kǎshi, "but."

Hebei rén tīngdedǒng Beijing Can people from Héběi understand huà ma?                        the Beijing dialect?

Tingdedǒng, dànshi Héběi huà Yes, but the Héběi dialect and the hé BěiJIng huà bù yíyàng. Běijlng dialect are different.

Érqiě, "furthermore,” ’’moreover”: Use érqiě at 'the beginning of a sentence or clause.

Zhèige huāpíng tài guì, érqiě This vase is too expensive, and yě tài dà le. Wǒ bù xiǎng furthermore it’s too big. I don’t mǎi.                            want to buy it.

Fàn, "(cooked) rice”: The definition of fàn is qualified as "cooked” because the Chinese use several words for "rice," depending on whether it is in the field, ready to cook, or on the table.

Jiāo shū is a verb plus a general object meaning "to teach." Jiāo may be used without its general object, as in Jiāo Zhōngwén, "teach the Chinese language.”

A. Substitution Drill

• 1. Speaker: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī          You: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī míngtiān

míngtiān wǎnshang you           zǎoshang you gōngfu ma?

gōngfu ma?                     (Section Chief Huang, are you

(cue) míngtiān                  free tomorrow morning?)

zǎoshang

(Section Chief Huang, are you free tomorrow evening?)

• 2. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni míngtiān zǎoshang you gōngfu ma? Xīngqīsì

• 3. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma? jīntiān wǎnshang

U. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma? xià Xīngqīliù

• 5. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?

zhèige Xīngqīwǔ

• 6. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma? zhèige yuè qíhào

• 7. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?

• B. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Wo xiǎng qing nín. (cue) women jiā

(l would like to invite you.)

OR Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. (cue) fànguǎnr

(I would like to invite you.)

• 2. Tā xiǎng qíng nín.

Mínzú Fàndiàn

• 3. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín. wǒ fùmǔ jiā

U. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín.

Beijing Fàndiǎn

5. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. neige fanguǎnr

6. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. wǒ jiā

You: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.

(I would like to invite you to our house for a simple meal.)

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.

(l would like to invite you to go to a restaurant for a simple meal.)

Tā xiǎng qīng nín dào Mínzú Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ fùmǔ Jiā lái chī ge biànfàn.

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào Běijīng Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào neige fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.

C. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma? (cue) jīngjixué (Does he work at Taiwan University?)

• 2. Tā zài Dezhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? lìshī

• 3. Lī Xiānsheng zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? zhèngzhixué

U. Chén Xiānsheng zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Zhōngwén

• 5. Andesēn Xiānsheng zài Taiwān Dàxué gōngzuò ma?

Yīngguo wénxué

You: Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.

(That’s right. He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)

Duì le. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué jiāo lìshī.

Duì le. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo zhèngzhixué.

Duì le. Tā zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué jiāo Zhōngwén.

Duì le. Tā zài Taiwān Dàxué Jiāo Yīngguo wénxué.

• 6. Wang Xiānsheng zài Tàiwan Dàxué gōngzuè ma?

Zhōngguo wénxué

• 7. Zhào Xiáojie zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma?

Zhōngguo lìshǐ

Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo wénxué.

Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo lìshǐ.

D. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker; Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.

(cue) Wàng Tongzhì (i’ll introduce you.)

• 2. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Liu Tōngzhì

• 3. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhào Tōngzhì

• U. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Xiānsheng

• 5. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Yang Nushì

• 6. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Kēzhǎng

• 7. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Lǐ Shàoxiào

You; Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Wang Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao (l would very much like to introduce you and Comrade Wang.)

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Liu Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhào Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Xiānsheng Jièshao Jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Yang Nushì Jièshao Jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jièshao jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Lǐ Shàoxiào Jièshao Jièshao.

• E. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Tā tīngbujiàn.             You: Tā búdàn tīngbujiàn yě

(cue) kànbujiàn                 kànbujiàn.

(He can’t hear.)                 (Not only can’t he hear, CbutJ

he can’t see either.)

• F. Combination Drill

• 1. Speaker: Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Tā tīngbudǒng.

(He speaks poorly. He can’t understand.)

OR Tā shuōde bù hao. Wō shuōde bù hāo.

(He speaks poorly. I speak poorly.)

• 2. Tā niànde hǎo. Tā xiědehǎo.

• 3. Tā niànde hǎo. Wō niànde hǎo.

U. Tā tīngbudǒng. Tā shuōbuhǎo.

• 5. Tā kāide bù hǎo. Wō kāide bù hǎo.

• 6. Tā kànbujiàn. Tā tīngbudǒng.

You: Tā búdàn shuōde bù hǎo yě tīngbudǒng.

(He not only speaks poorly, Cbutl he can’t understand either.)

Búdàn tā shuōde bù hǎo wǒ yě shuōde bù hǎo.

(Not only does he speak poorly, LbutJ I speak poorly too.)

Tā búdàn niànde hǎo yě xiědehǎo.

Búdàn tā niànde hǎo wǒ yě niànde hǎo.

Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuhǎo.

Búdàn tā kāide bù hǎo wǒ yě kāide bù hǎo.

Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbudǒng.

• G. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker: Wǒ bù néng dào Zhōngguo qù. Wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng.

(I can’t go to China. My Chinese isn’t good enough.)

• 2. Tā bù kéyi xué Zhōngwén. Tā méiyou gōngfu.

• 3. Wo bù kéyi mai dōngxi. Wode qién bú gōu.

U. W3 bù néng qù kàn péngyou. W3 méiyou gōngfu.

• 5. Wǒ bù néng shuō Zhōngguo hui. Wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.

• 6. W3 bù néng gēn tā qù chī fàn.

W3 méiyou shíjiān.

• 7. Wo bù kéyi qù kāi huì. W3 tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.

You: W3 hen xīwàng dào Zhōngguo qù, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng.

(I hope very much to go to China, but I’m afraid my Chinese isn’t good enough.)

Tā hen xīwàng xué Zhōngwén, búguō kǒngpà tā méiyou gōngfu.

Wǒ hen xīwàng mai dōngxi, búguō kǒngpà wǒde qián bú gòu.

Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kàn péngyou, búguō kǒngpà w3 méiyou gōngfu.

Wǒ hen xīwàng shuō Zhōngguo huà, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.

Wǒ hen xīwàng gēn tā qù chī fàn, búguō kongpà wǒ méiyou shíjiān.

Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kāi huì, búguō kǒngpà wǒ tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.

• H. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nīde chá gēn tāde yíyàng duō.

(cue) hē

(You have as much tea as he does.)

• 2. Nīde dōngxi gēn tāde yíyàng piányi. mai

• 3. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng duō. niàn

• U. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng hao. jiāo

You: Nī hē chā, hēde gēn tā yíyàng duō.

(You drink as much tea as he does.)

Nī mai dōngxi, maide gēn tā yíyàng piényi.

Nī niàn shū, niànde gēn tā yíyàng duō.

Nī jiāo shū, jiāode gēn tā yíyàng hāo.

• 5. Nīde fan gēn tāde yíyàng duo. chī

• 6. Nīde diànhuà gēn tāde yíyàng duō. dǎ

• 7. Níde Zhōngguo huà gēn tāde yíyàng hǎo.    shuō

Nī chī fàn, chide gēn tā yíyàng duō.

Nī dǎ diànhuà, dǎde gen tā yíyàng duō.

Nī shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde gēn tā yíyàng hǎo.

I. Response Drill

• 1. Speaker: Nī qīngle jīge rén? (How many people did you invite?)

OR Tā hē shénme? (What does he drink?)

• 2. Nī qīng shéi?

• 3. Tā mǎile jīběn shū?

U. Nī qīng shénme rén?

5. Tā dào nǎr qù le?

6. NĪ you duōshao qián?

You: Wō méi qīng jīge rén.

(I didn’t invite many at all.)

Tā bù hē shénme.

(He doesn’t drink much of anything.)

Wō bù qīng shéi.

Tā méi mǎi jīben shū.

Wō bù qīng shénme rén.

Tā méi dào nǎr qù.

Wō méiyōu duōshao qiān.

UNIT 4

REFERENCE LIST

• 1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.

• A: Qǐng jin.

• 2. B: FÙ Tàitai, nín hǎo?

• B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.

• 3. B: Wo zhīdào nín xīhuan shānshuǐ huà.

• B: Tebié qīng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.

*A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie.

A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao jièshao.

• 4. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Tǎidà jiāo Jīngjixué.

A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Tǎiwān Yínhǎng gōngzuò.

• A: Zhèiwei shi Huang Tàitai.

• 5. B: Jiuyǎng, jiùyǎng.

• B: Nín lǎile duo jiǔ le?

• C: Jiuyǎng. Wǒ gāng lǎi liāngge yuè.

• 6. C: Hǎi you hen duō bù shǒuxide dìfang.

• C: Yīhòu hǎi yào xiàng nín qīngjiào.

Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome.

Please come in.

How are you, Mrs. Franklin?

Here is a small token of appreciation.

I know you like landscape paintings.

I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.

You are really too polite. Thanks.

Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.

This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.

Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huǎng, who works at the Bank of Taiwan.

This is Mrs. Huǎng.

Glad to meet you.

How long have you been here?

Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.

There is still much I’m not familiar with.

Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.

*The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

VOCABULARY

(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.

A: Qing J in.

2. B: Fù Taitai, nín hǎo?

B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.

Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome.

Please come in.

How are you, Mrs. Franklin?

Here is a small token of appreciation.

Note on Nos. 1-2

Xiǎo yìsi: You have already seen yìsi in the expression you yìsi, "to he interesting." Yìsi means "meaning," "significance," "intention," "idea." In No. 2, above, xiǎo yìsi (literally, "small CgoodH intent") is an idiomatic expression meaning "a small (token of my) feelings of appreciation."

Notes on No. 3

Shānshuī, "mountains and rivers," "scenery with hills and water," is a compound made up of shān, "mountain," and shuī, "water." In shānshuī, shuī refers to rivers or lakes.

Tèbiě qǐng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng: Notice that the verb huà is followed by the completion marker le. For this reason, the sentence means that the painting has been finished. The completed-action sense of huàle might be captured by looser translations of the sentence, like "I asked a friend, and he painted one for you" and "I asked a friend, who painted one for you."

The sentence Wǒ tèbiē qīng pēngyou gěi nín huà yìzhāng, without le, does not indicate whether the painting has been finished or not. The sentence might be used when a speaker thinks that a painting has not yet been finished.

Zhēn ahi tài kèqi, "really too polite," is a variation of Nín zhēn tài kèqi. Shi is sometimes used simply to show that the subject of a sentence fits the description that follows.

Notes on No. U

Jiàoshòu, "professor": The first syllable in this word means "teaching. Notice that the tone on Jiào is different from the tone on the verb "to teach," Jiāo.

Táidà is the abbreviation for Tǎiwān Dàxué, "Taiwan University."

Zhèiwei shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínhǎng gōngzuò looks like a run-on sentence, with the pronoun tā dropped from the second part of the sentence. In Chinese, this is a perfectly good way to add a second clause to a sentence. To characterize a person or thing Just identified, the Chinese simply attach a descriptive sentence and omit the subject. You have already learned this pattern: Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē yōu yige Xīnhuá Shūdiàn, hen dà. Here are some additional examples:

His wife is Japanese; she is in Shànghǎi now.

I have a friend named Wú who teaches at Dōnghǎi University. He is planning to go to America next year.

Glad to meet you.

How long have you been here?

Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.

Notes on No. 5

Jiǔyǎng means, literally, "I have looked up to you for a long time" or "I have looked forward to meeting you." It is used when meeting someone of higher status. Because Jiǔyǎng implies a status difference, the expression is not often used in the PRC.

Gang, "only Just": You have learned the sentence Wǒ láile liǎngge yuè le, "I have been here two months now." In the last sentence of exchange 5, notice that no le is needed. The focus has shifted from the coming to the shortness of the period; that is, the focus is on gang.

Notes on No. 6

Shóuxi, "to be familiar Lwith the details of something]," is also pronounced shúxi.

Dìfang means "areas," "aspects" (NOT "places") in the first sentence of No. éT Thus shouxide dìfang means "areas/aspects one is familiar with."

Xiàng nín qíngjiào is a polite way of requesting advice from someone— for example, a teacher, an advisor, or a senior colleague. Here, the prepositional verb xiàng means "from." (You learned xiàng as "towards" in the Directions Module.) Literally, it means "facing." Less formally, you may also say gēn nín qíngjiào. Qíngjiào (literally, "request instruction") may be reduplicated or used with an object in sentences like the following:

Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào        I would like to consult with you

yíjiàn shi.                     about something.

Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào qíngj iào.

Yíhdu hái yào...: In this sentence, hái means "still more," or "additionally."

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Here are a few sentences illustrating some of the words:

You learned your sociology so well! How do you study it?

I spend four hours in the library everyday.

Boy! Thére’s no way I can sit in the library for four hours.

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Opposites

kú to be bitter

z8u

to go to walk

IS to pull

jin to be near

wan to be late

jiǎ to be false to be fake to be artificial

DRILLS

• A. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker: Wo xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng huàr.

(I'm thinking of asking him to paint a painting.)

• 2. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta chī yícì Zhōngguo fàn.

• 3. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta mǎi liǎngzhāng Tǎiběi dìtú.

U. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta Jiāo liǎngniān.

• 5. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.

• 6. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta lǎi yícì.

• 7. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta kàn yícì diànyǐng.

You: Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng huàr.

(I asked him especially to paint a painting.)

Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta chile yícì Zhōngguo fàn.

Wǒ tèbié qīng ta mǎile liǎngzhāng Táibei dìtú.

Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta Jiāole liǎngniān.

Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.

Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta láile yícì.

Wǒ tèbié qīng ta kànle yícì diànyǐng

• B. Combination Drill

• 1. Speaker: Tā shi Hé Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo JīngJixué.

(He is Professor Hé.

He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)

• 2. Tā shi Wáng Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.

• 3. Tā shi Shen Shàoxiào. Tā zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.

• U. Tā shi LÍn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū.

You: Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàozhòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué.

(This is Professor Hé, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.)

Zhèiwèi shi Wang Kēzhǎng, zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.

Zhèiwèi shi Shen Shàoxiào, zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.

Zhèiwèi shi Lin Jiàoshòu, zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū.

X      V          K

• 5. Tā shi Lu Kēzhǎng. Tā zai Tāiwān Yínhāng gōngzuò.

• 6. Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě. Tā zài Taidà niàn shū.

• 7. Tā shi HÚn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo zhèngzhixué.

Zhèiwèi shi Lu Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwān YÍnháng gōngzuò.

Zhàiwèi shi Liú Xiaojiě, zài Taidà niàn shū.

Zhèiwèi shi Han Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiāo zhèngzhixué.

• C. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker; You hěn duō dìfang wo bù shǒuxi.

(There is much I’m not familiar with.)

OR Zài zhèr, you hěn duō ren bù hē chā.

(There are many people here who don’t drink tea.)

• 2. Yōu hěn duō dìfang wǒ tīngbudǒng.

• 3. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú kàn bào.

U. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huà.

• 5. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ bú huì zuò.

• 6. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ kànbudǒng.

You: Wǒ hái you hěn duō bù shéuxide dìfang.

(There is still much I’m not familiar with.)

Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bù hē chāde rén.

(There are many non-tea drinking people here.)

Wǒ hái you hěn duō tīngbudǒngde dìfang.

Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú kàn bàode rén.

Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huàde rén.

Wǒ hai you hěn duō bú huì zuòde dìfang.

Wǒ hai you hěn duō kànbudǒngde dìfang.

• D. Transformation Drill

• 1. Speaker: Women yīhòu jiànmiànde You: Xīwang yīhòu you Jīhui duō Jīhui hěn duō.                   jiānmiān.

(We will have many more         (I hope that in the future we

opportunities to meet           will have an opportunity to

• E. Expansion Drill

• 1. Speaker: Huǎng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng.

(cue) zuò

(Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome.)

• 2. Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? zuò zuo

• 3. Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? hē yìdiǎn chǎ

U. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? zuò

• 5. Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. zuò

You: Huǎng Kezhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò.

(Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome. Please come in and sit down.)

Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai zuòzuo.

Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai hē yìdiǎn chǎ.

Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Qīng jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò.

Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng jìnlai zuò.

• 6. Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? zuò yìhuǐr

• 7. Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiú bú jiàn. zuò zuo

Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? Qǐng jin, qǐng jìnlai zuò yìhuǐr.

Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn.

Qǐng Jin, qīng jìnlai zuòzuo.

UNIT 5

REFERENCE LIST

(in Beijing)

• 1. B: Wài.

• A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?

A: Wǒ yào zhào LÍn SIzhang shuō huà.

• 2. B: Nín shi nàr a?

• A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù JIngjiguān.

• B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.

• 3. B: Wài, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?

• A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qing ta gěi wo da ge diànhuà.

U. B: Hāo, qing nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomār gàosong wǒ. Wǒ xiěxiàlái.

A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo-sān sān yào.

5. C: Duìbuql, ni gāngcái géi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.

C: Nī yǒu shi ma?

A: Shi a! Wǒ neitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiān dào nín bàngōng-shì qu tántan.

6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suǒyi xiǎng wèn nín women néng bu néng gǎi dào xià-wu.

Hello.

Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?

I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.

Who is this?

My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Ecomonics Officer from the French Embassy.

Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.

Hello. He is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?

When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.

All right. Please tell me your phone number. I’ll write it down.

My phone number is 521-331.

I’m sorry. When you called me just now, I wasn’t in.

Can I help you with something?

Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office at ten o’clock tomorrow for a talk.

Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask you whether we can change it Cthe appointment! to the afternoon.

*C: Xiàwǔ shenme shíhou?

A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn zǎnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?

C: Sìdiǎn bí sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng dǎi kāi hui.

A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn.

C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng deng ni.

What time in the afternoon?

What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient for you?

Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three o’clock.

All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.

All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.

VOCABULARY

(introduced on C-2 and drill tapes

manager

personally, privately head, of the delegation director

oneself (’’myself,” ’’yourself,” etc.

(introduced in Communication Game)

garage

ground, earth

Street scene in Shanghai

REFERENCE NOTES

1. B: Wai.

A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?

A: Wǒ yào zhāo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.

Hello.

Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?

I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.

Notes on No. 1

Wàijiāobù: WàiJiāo is the word, for "diplomacy" (more literally, "foreign relations"). Bù designates an organizational unit; in speaking of the Chinese government, bù is translated as "ministry."⁷ The head of a bù is a bùzhāng, "minister."

Wài-, "foreign," is used in terms such as wàiguo, "overseas" (literally, "foreign country") and wàiguo ren, "foreigner" (most frequently referring to a person from a non-Asian country). Literally, wài- means "outside," as in wàimian.

Yào zhāo...shuō huà means, literally, "I would like to look for . . . to speak I with himl."

Telephone conversations: Telephone courtesy in the United States requires that a person identify himself before beginning a conversation. In China, however, it is normal for the caller to ask "Who is this?" and for the person who answers the phone to inquire "Who is calling?"

Notes on No. 2

Nín shi nar a? is one polite way to ask who is calling. Nǎr asks for the name of the office or organization which the caller represents. You may also say Nī nǎr a? To ask for the caller’s name, use Qīngwèn ni shi...? or Qīngwèn nī guìxìng?

Fǎguo: In the PRC, the word for ’’France" usually has a low tone instead of a falling tone (Faguo).

The syllable -guān means "government official," "officer," or "officeholder ."

Tā zài bu zai: Zài means "to be present" here. With this meaning, zài does not have to be followed by a place word.

Notes on No. 3

Zhèihuīr is a colloquial word for "now," "at the moment." The word is made up of zhè plus yìhuīr. Its position preceding the verb shows that it refers to a point in time.

Liú ge huàr: Liú means "to leave C something/someone!] behind." Huàr, translated in exchange 3 as "message," is the word for "speech." Directly following a verb (in this case, liú), the yī of unstressed yige may be omitted.

U. B: Hǎo, qīng nín bǎ nínde diàn- All right. Please tell me your huà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Wǒ phone number. I’ll write it down, xiěxiàlāi.

A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wú èr yāo- My phone number is 521-331. sān sān yāo.

Notes on No. U

Hàomǎr is used for "number" in speaking of identification numbers such as a passport number. (Shùmu, "number," expresses an amount.)

Yao is used, in Beijing for giving room numbers and telephone numbers whenever those numbers are given orally.

Xiěxialai is a compound verb which is formed like náxialai. However, while náxialai literally means "to bring down and towards the speaker," xiěxialai does NOT mean "to write in a downward direction towards the speaker." The compound xiěxialai corresponds to the English idiom "to write down."

Qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ illustrates some of the rules concerning the use of the prepositional verb bǎ. (Read the Transportation Module notes on bǎ.)

Bǎ is a prepositional verb used to bring the direct object of a sentence to a position preceding the main verb. To do so has certain effects on the meaning of a sentence. There are reasons why bǎ must be used, why it may not be used, and why it is optional in different kinds of sentences.

In the first sentence of exchange U, the use of the bǎ construction is optional. You may also say Qǐng ni gàosong wo nínde diànhuà hàomǎr. The sentence fulfills the requirements for the optional use of bǎ but has none of the features which make the use of bǎ a necessity. Let’s look more closely at these different requirements and features.