The next section закуски hors d'œuvres is divided into холодные закуски cold hors d'oeuvres and горячие закуски hot hors d'oeuvres. Here are some закуски:
икра черная, зернистая | black caviar |
икра паюсная | pressed caviar |
икра красная (кетовая) | red caviar |
лососина копчёная | smoked salmon |
осетрина | sturgeon |
ветчина | ham |
сыр | cheese |
салат | salad |
грибы | mushrooms |
маринованные грибы | marinated mushrooms |
маслины | olives |
Salads are also popular as закуски:
зелёний салат | gree salad |
салат из огурцов | cucumber salad |
салат из лука | spring onion salad |
салат из помидоров | tomato salad |
салат из редиски | radish salad |
A Russian салат is ususally potato salad, unless indixcated otherwise (as the above list shows).
The next section on the menu is супы soups. They will be designated on the menu as первое (literally "fisrt soup"). Russians consider soup an important part of the middday meal. Some soups are served with sour cream, fresh chopped dill or spring onions. Пирожки meat pies or small bowl of каша cooked buckwheat may accompany certain kind of soup.
Russain soups include:
Борщ made with beef stocks, beets, onions, cabbage, potatoes and carrots. It is often served with sour cream.
Щи made with cabbage but no beets. It is considered to be Russian while Борщ is Ukrainian. Different types of щи include:
мясные щи | meat щи |
вегетарианские щи | vegetarian щи |
свежие щи | fresh cabbage щи |
кислые щи | щи made with pickled cabbage |
суточные щи | yesterday's щи (supposed to improve but standing overnight) |
Рассольник made with chicken giblets, veal kidneys, vegetables and pickles and served with sour cream.
Бульон clear broth. Often contains фрикадельки little meat balls; sometimes served с яйцом with chopped hard-boiled eggs or accompanied by пирожки с мясом meat pies.
Уха fish soup.
Солянка spicy soup made with fish, meat or sausage.
Окрошка cold summer soup made with квас kvas, beets, fresh cucumbers and hard-boiled eggs and served with fresh dill, sour cream and spring onions.
Свекольник sweet and sour beet soup, served cold with sour cream.
Харчо thick spicy soup made with lamb; a traditional Georgian soup.