Lesson №8 IN A RESTAURANT УРОК № 8

«Щи да каша, пища наша» "A loaf of bread, a jug of wine..." If only it were that simple! Food: how to get it, how to cook it and finally, how to eat it, has occupied the thoughts of Russians in everything from classic works of literature to everyday life. Open Gogol's famous novel «Мёртвые души» Dead Souls to almost any page, and you'll be greeted with detailed descriptions of all kinds of culinary delights as experienced by the intrepid Chichikov. And this is just one example! Even the casual reader of Russian literature or the viewer of Russian painting will find that food has played an integral part in Russian life down through the years, across class lines and in and out of the arts. As you read in the previous lesson, shopping for food in the Soviet period was, more often than not, an adventure. The same could be said for a night out at а ресторан restaurant. Just as good-quality housing was in short supply, good restaurants were few and far between in those days. And the best ones were simply off limits to the common folk. Not so any more! Moscow and St. Petersburg alike now boast a large number of restaurants which cater to nearly every cuisine and taste imaginable. As with stores, some of these are foreign-owned, some are joint ventures and still others belong wholly to Russians. In any case, you will find that together with variety comes unpredictability: high-priced isn't always a guarantee of high-quality; high-quality one day does not guarantee it the next... And service? The same holds true: sometimes you're lucky, and sometimes you're not. The Russians themselves are painfully aware of the reputation their service has acquired over the years and many establishments are trying hard to emulate what they consider a Western standard of good service. They've even gone so far as to state in their help-wanted ads that "anyone having prior experience in Soviet restaurants need not apply". It is a good idea to keep in mind that, for many Russians, a night out in a restaurant is an event, and there is little reason to rush. What we might perceive as slow service is simply the staff's understanding that, if you're out to enjoy yourself, why hurry? If you are in a hurry, on the other hand, you'd best tell your официант waiter or официантка waitress that ahead of time. As in most restaurants in this country, reservations are encouraged at Moscow and St. Petersburg establishments. It's now possible, and quite easy to pick up the phone and call for reservations by saying: Я хочу заказать столик I'd like to reserve a table на имя... (your last name) for... (your name) на субботу на 20 часов. for Saturday at 8:00pm. When you get to the restaurant, tell the швейцар doorman that you have a reservation by saying: Для меня заказан столик. I have a reservation. Моя фамилия (your name) My name is (your name). In most hotels you'll find in addition to the ресторан буфеты snack bars on some floors; pretty handy when all you want is a cup of coffee or tea and a sandwich. You'll also find кафе cafe or ночной бар night bar which caters to the late-night crowd and serves alcoholic and other beverages, coffee and snacks. The night bars will often have some kind of "show", either in the form of live entertainment or recorded music. If you're staying in hotels, regardless of whether they're in Moscow, St. Petersburg or elsewhere, you'll find that завтрак breakfast is usually included in your room charge. In many of the tourist hotels, this is in the form of a шведский стол breakfast buffet which might include cheese, sausages and bread for sandwiches; some sort of salad, каша hot cereal, fried eggs, fruits, mineral water, juice, coffee and tea. Of course, if you're travelling first-class, there'll be room service as well. Keep in mind that most Russians like to have обед dinner, a big meal in the middle of the day. In a restaurant, this will likely include appetizers, soup and a main course. Ужин supper, the evening meal is lighter and soups are usually not offered in restaurants then. However, you'll always find exceptions to this "rule". What follows is a list of restaurants in Moscow and St. Petersburg. We don't guarantee that any or all of these establishments will still be operating when you get there, and we can't vouch for their quality as well! Приятного аппетита!

Moscow restaurants «АРАГВИ» Тверская ул. 6 тел. 229-37-62 «ГЛАЗУРЬ» Смоленский бульвар 12 тел. 248-44-38 «ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ ЗАЛ» Гостиница «Метрополь» тел. 927-60-39 «РАЗГУЛЯЙ» Спартаковская 11 тел. 267-76-13 «РУССКАЯ ИЗБА» Деревня Ильинское тел. 561-42-44 «САВОЙ» Рождественка 3 тел. 929-86-00 «СОРОК ЧЕТЫРЕ» Ленинградский пр. 44 тел. 159-99-51 «СЛАВЯНСКИЙ БАЗАР» Никольская 13 тел. 921-18-72 «У БАБУШКИ» Ул. Большая Ордынка тел. 230-73-33 «МАКДОНАЛДС» Пл. Пушкина тел. 200-16-55 «ПИЦЦА ХАТ» Кутузовский пр. 17 тел. 229-20-13 In St. Petersburg: «АСТОРИЯ» Исаакиевская площадь 2 «БАКУ» Садовая 12/73 «КАВКАЗСКИЙ» Невский проспект 25 «САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ» Пироговская набережная 5 «МЕТРОПОЛЬ» Садовая 25 «МОСКВА» Невский проспект 49 «НЕВА» Невский проспект 46

The American has arrived at a restaurant without a reservation. Listen to the dialog several times with your books closed. Do not repeat it. Try to understand what the speakers are saying. Working as a group, discuss what was said. Then listen to the American's lines. You are responsible for learning these. You are also responsible for being able to understand the Russian's lines and to respond to them in the appropriate manner.

В ресторане А. Скажите, пожалуйста, этот столик свободен? Pardon me, is this table free? Р. Да, садитесь, пожалуйста. Вот меню. Yes. Please, have a seat. Here's a menu. А. Спасибо. Thank you. Р. Что будете заказывать? What will you be ordering?

A. У вас есть свободный стол? Do you have any free tables? P. Да, пожалуйста, вот этот. Yes, this one [is free]. A. Принесите, пожалуйста, меню. Bring me a menu, please. P. Одну минуту, сейчас принесу. Just a minute. I'll get it for you.

Listen to the following and choose the appropriate responses from those given below. У вас есть свободный стол? Этот столик свободен? Принесите, пожалуйста, меню. a. Одну минуту, сейчас принесу. b. Да, садитесь, пожалуйста. c. Да, пожалуйста, вот этот.

Translate into Russian. Pardon me, is this table free? Do you have any free tables? Here's a menu. What will you be ordering?

With your teacher playing the role of the Russian, act out the dialogs. At first adhere closely to the original. Then use as many variations as possible.

The menu often begins with a section called «фирменные блюда» specialty dishes (or "specials of the day"), and the notation «шеф-повар рекомендует сегодня» "the chef recommends..."

The next section закуски hors d'œuvres is divided into холодные закуски cold hors d’œuvres and горячие закуски hot hors d’œuvres. Here are some закуски: икра черная, зернистая black caviar икра паюсная pressed caviar икра красная (кетовая) red caviar лососина копчёная smoked salmon осетрина sturgeon ветчина ham сыр cheese салат salad грибы mushrooms маринованные грибы marinated mushrooms маслины olives Salads are also popular as закуски: зелёний салат green salad салат из огурцов cucumber salad салат из лука spring onion salad салат из помидоров tomato salad салат из редиски radish salad A Russian салат is usually potato salad, unless indicated otherwise (as the above list shows). The next section on the menu is супы soups. They will be designated on the menu as первое (literally "first soup"). Russians consider soup an important part of the midday meal. Some soups are served with sour cream, fresh chopped dill or spring onions. Пирожки meat pies or small bowl of каша cooked buckwheat may accompany certain kind of soup. Russian soups include: Борщ made with beef stocks, beets, onions, cabbage, potatoes and carrots. It is often served with sour cream. Щи made with cabbage but no beets. It is considered to be Russian while Борщ is Ukrainian. Different types of щи include: мясные щи meat щи вегетарианские щи vegetarian щи свежие щи fresh cabbage щи кислые щи щи made with pickled cabbage суточные щи yesterday's щи (supposed to improve but standing overnight) Рассольник made with chicken giblets, veal kidneys, vegetables and pickles and served with sour cream. Бульон clear broth. Often contains фрикадельки little meat balls; sometimes served с яйцом with chopped hard-boiled eggs or accompanied by пирожки с мясом meat pies. Уха fish soup. Солянка spicy soup made with fish, meat or sausage. Окрошка cold summer soup made with квас, beets, fresh cucumbers and hard-boiled eggs and served with fresh dill, sour cream and spring onions. Свекольник sweet and sour beet soup, served cold with sour cream. Харчо thick spicy soup made with lamb; a traditional Georgian soup.

Второе (literally "second course") is the main course after закуски and суп in a full Russian meal. As in the West, the main course may be fish, poultry or meat. РЫБА fish осетрина sturgeon форель trout камбала flounder щука pike карп carp палтус halibut сом catfish треска cod окунь perch Fish is prepared in a variety of ways: паровая steamed жареная fried под белым соусом in a white sauce с лимоном with lemon в белом вине in a white wine sauce по-польски «à la polonaise» по-русски «à la Russe» в тесте batter-fried ПТИЦА poultry: курица, цыплёнок chicken индейка, индюшка turkey гусь goose утка duck ЦЫПЛЯТА ТАБАКА pressed chicken with garlic; a dish from the Caucasus. КОТЛЕТЫ ПО-КИЕВСКИ Chicken Kiev. МЯСО meat: говядина beef свинина pork телятина veal баранина lamb lamb ШАШЛЫК shishkebab; usually lamb, sometimes beef БИФШТЕКС beef steak КОТЛЕТЫ similar to hamburgers but without a bun АНТРЕКОТ steak ЛАНГЕТ filet mignon ШНИЦЕЛЬ schnitzel БЕФСТРОГАНОВ beef stroganoff СВИНАЯ ОТБИВНАЯ pork chop СОСИСКИ frankfurters ПОДЖАРКА roast meat in a casserole with potatoes АЗУ spicy stew Vegetarians take heart! The following dishes are often offered as main courses: БЛИНЫ Russian style pancakes (similar to crepes) which are eaten with caviar, herring, melted butter, sour cream and for dessert, preserves. БЛИНЧИКИ crepes filled with ricotta cheese, meat or preserves. ПИРОЖКИ pastry filled with meat, cabbage, hard-boiled eggs or rice. СЫРНИКИ fried ricotta cheese patties ОЛАДЬИ fritters МАКАРОНЫ macaroni (and spaghetti as well) ЛАПША flat egg-noodles ОМЛЕТ omelet ЯИЧНИЦА scrambled or fried eggs ТВОРОГ similar to ricotta cheese, served with sour cream or sugar СМЕТАНА sour cream

ПИРОЖНОЕ pastry, tart ТОРТ layer cake МОРОЖЕНОЕ ice cream СЛИВОЧНОЕ vanilla ШОКОЛАДНОЕ chocolate БЛИНЧИКИ crepes С ВАРЕНЬЕМ with jam СВЕЖИЕ ФРУКТЫ fresh fruit КОМПОТ stewed fruit КОНФЕТЫ candy

ЧАЙ tea ЧАЙ С САХАРОМ tea with sugar ЧАЙ С ЛИМОНОМ tea with lemon КОФЕ coffee ЧЁРНЫЙ КОФЕ black coffee КОФЕ СО СЛИВКАМИ coffee with cream КИСЕЛЬ thickened fruit juice (almost Jello) МОРС, СОК fruit juice ЛИМОНАД carbonated drink similar to V-Up МИНЕРАЛЬНАЯ ВОДА mineral water «НАРЗАН»«БОРЖОМИ»«ЕССЕНТУКИ»«БОРОДИНО» (different brands of mineral water)

СУХОЕ dry СЛАДКОЕ sweet КРАСНОЕ red РОЗОВОЕ rose БЕЛОЕ white ШИПУЧЕЕ sparkling ХОЛОДНОЕ chilled КОМНАТНОЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЫ room temperature ШАМПАНСКОЕ champagne ПИВО beer КОНЬЯК cognac, brandy ВОДКА vodka «СТОЛИЧНАЯ» considered the best brand «СМИРНОВСКАЯ» Smirnoff, produced in the West

And finally: nothing is complete without condiments! СОЛЬ salt ПЕРЕЦ pepper уксус vinegar ГОРЧИЦА mustard САХАР sugar On the following pages you'll find a menu from a now-defunct Russian restaurant in Baltimore. It will give you some idea of what the better restaurants in Moscow and St. Petersburg are offering these days.

The American is ordering a mid-day meal in a restaurant. Listen to the dialog several times with your books closed. Do not repeat it. Try to understand what the speakers are saying. Working as a group, discuss what was said. Then listen to the American's lines. You are responsible for learning these. You are also responsible for being able to understand the Russian's lines and to respond to them in the appropriate manner.

в pectopaнe A. Девушка, примите, пожалуйста, заказ. Excuse me, Miss! Could you please take my order? P. Я вас слушаю. I'm listening. A. На закуску принесите, пожалуйста, чёрную икру. For an appetizer, please bring me some black caviar. P. Чёрной икры нет. Есть только красная. There's no black caviar, just red. A. Хорошо. Принесите красную. OK. Bring me the red. P. Что вы хотите на первое? What would you like for the first course? A. На первое борщ. I would like some borshch. P. А что на второе? And what about the main course? A. На второе котлеты по-киевски с гарниром. I would like Chicken Kiev and vegetables. P. Сладкое будете заказывать? Are you going to order dessert? A. Принесите мороженое и кофе. Ice cream and some coffee. P. Что ещё? What else? A. Это всё. Спасибо. That's all thank you.

Listen to the following phrases and choose the appropriate responses from those given below. Девушка, примите, пожалуйста, заказ. Что вы хотите на первое? А что на второе? Сладкое будете заказывать? Что ещё? a. Принесите мороженое и кофе. b. Это всё. Спасибо. c. На второе котлеты по-киевски с гарниром. d. Я вас слушаю. е. На первое борщ.

Translate into Russian. Take my order, please. I would like black caviar as an appetizer. I would like salad as an appetizer. I would like borshch for the first course. I would like Chicken Kiev for the main course. I would like ice cream and coffee for dessert. I would like a pastry for dessert. Nothing else, thank you.

With your instructor playing the role of the Russian, act out the dialog. At first adhere closely to the original. Then use as many variations as possible.

Here are some phrases you will find helpful in creating your own dialogs. На закуску принесите салат. I'd like salad as an appetizer. На закуску принесите икру. I'd like caviar as an appetizer. На закуску принесите рыбное ассорти. I'd like some fish as an appetizer. На первое дайте мне борщ. I'd like borshch for the first course. На первое дайте мне щи. I'd like cabbage soup for the first course. На второе принесите бифштекс. I'd like steak for the main course. На второе принесите рыбу. I'd like fish for the main course. На второе принесите котлеты по-киевски. I'd like Chicken Kiev for the main course. На сладкое принесите компот. I'd like stewed fruit for dessert. На сладкое принесите торт. I'd like cake for dessert. На сладкое принесите мороженое. I'd like ice cream for dessert. На сладкое принесите фрукты. I'd like fruit for dessert. Я голоден. I'm hungry, (m.) Я голодна. I'm hungry, (f.) Я хочу есть. I want to eat. Я хочу пить. I want to drink. Я сыт. I'm full, (m.) Я сыта. I'm full, (f.)

Your server (played by your instructor) tells you that they don't have the following dishes. What should your response be? Икры сегодня нет. Салата сегодня нет. Борща сегодня нет. Бифштекса сегодня нет. Мороженого сегодня нет. Сока нет. Есть только лимонад. Сливочного мороженого нет. Есть только шоколадное. Торта нет. Есть только пирожные.

You have out-of-town guests and you want to take them to a nice restaurant. Choose one from the list on page 5 and call to make reservations. Don't forget to tell the person answering the phone: Я хочу заказать стол на имя... (insert your name) на субботу (insert the correct day) на 20 часов, (insert the correct time)

Once at the restaurant, find out if your table is ready. Ask your server to bring menus. Try to get his/her attention when you are ready to order.

You're now ready to order. With your instructor playing the role of the waiter or waitress, order food for your entire table. Use phrases such as: На первое я хочу... На первое принесите... На второе он хочет... На сладкое она хочет... Принесите нам ...

Act as an interpreter for one of your classmates who wants to order dinner in a restaurant. Your instructor will play the part of the waiter/waitress.

Tell your waiter/waitress that you're thirsty. Ask him/her to bring you something to drink: Принесите мне, пожалуйста, яблочный сок. 1. апельсиновый сок 2. кофе со сливками 3. чай с сахаром 4. вода со льдом 5. минеральная вода 6. молоко 7. пиво 8. красное вино 9. шампанское

Look at the wine list on page 15 and choose a wine you would like to order. Tell the waiter/waitress your choice and ask him/her to bring it. Here are some toasts that will come in handy at receptions and private parties. RUSSIAN TOASTS За ваше здоровье! То your health! За здоровье хозяина! То the health of the host! За здоровье хозяйки! To the health of the hostess! За ваше здоровье и благополучие! To your health and good fortune! За наше будущее сотрудничество! To our future cooperation! За мир и дружбу! To peace and friendship!

Examine the following menus from different Moscow restaurants. Order a meal for your party.

The American is paying for a meal in a restaurant. Listen to the dialog several times with your books closed. Do not repeat it. Try to understand what the speakers are saying. Working as a group, discuss what was said. Then listen to the American's lines. You are responsible for learning these. You are also responsible for being able to understand the Russian's lines and to respond to them in the appropriate manner.

«Принесите счёт.» A. Девушка, принесите, пожалуйста чек. Miss, bring the check, please. P. Одну минуту. Вам вместе или отдельно? Just a minute. Do you want one check or separate checks? A. Вместе, пожалуйста. One check, please. P. Вот ваш счёт. Here you go. A. Пожалуйста, получите. Сдачи не надо. Thanks. Keep the change.

Though a service charge of 15% is usually included in most restaurant checks, you may also tip the usual 15%-20%. Either leave it on the table when you leave or use the phrase Сдачи не надо: keep the change. You usually pay your server, and not at the door.

Listen to the following phrases and choose the appropriate responses from those given below. Принесите, пожалуйста, чек. Вам вместе или отдельно? Вот ваш счёт. a. Вместе, пожалуйста. b. Пожалуйста, получите. Сдачи не надо. c. Одну минуту.

Translate the following into Russian. Please bring the check. Do you want separate checks? One check, please. Separate checks, please. Here you go. Keep the change.

With your teacher playing the role of the Russian, act out the dialog. At first adhere closely to the original. Then use as many variations as possible.

Write down the totals you owe on your bills as your instructor reads the amounts aloud. Не/She will read different amounts for each student. Read them back; asking if you wrote the amount correctly. Watch your intonation! P. 2000 рублей. (Две тысячи рублей.) А. 2000 рублей? (Две тысячи рублей?) Р. Точно.

You found the restaurant checks shown on the next page among your papers. They're not yours and you have no idea how you got them. All the same, you're curious. Take a look and determine the following: Where did the diners eat? When did they eat? What did they have? What was their server's name? Did he/she figure the total correctly? Did he/she add a service charge?

You don't see a certain object. Ask where it is, using the model. Have a classmate answer. Где стакан? Вот он. Где тарелка? Вот она. Где блюдце? Вот оно. Где салфетки? Вот они. 1. стакан 5. ложка 2. нож 6. вилка 3. тарелка 7. салфетка 4. чашка 8. блюдце

Using the model, ask the waiter/waitress for another item to replace a dirty one. Этот стакан грязный. Принесите другой. Эта тарелка грязная. Принесите другую. Это блюдце грязное. Принесите другое. 1. стакан 5. ложка 2. нож 6. вилка 3. тарелка 7. салфетка 4. чашка 8. блюдце

Using the model, tell the waiter/waitress that you're missing an item. Ask him/her to bring it. У меня нет стакана. Принесите стакан. У меня нет тарелки. Принесите тарелку. У меня нет блюдца. Принесите блюдце. 1. стакан 5. ложка 2. нож 6. вилка 3. тарелка 7. салфетка 4. чашка 8. блюдце

Listen as your instructor reads the following phrases aloud. Which of them would you use in a restaurant? 1. Я хочу заказать столик. 2. Сколько стоит этот сувенир? 3. Дайте, пожалуйста, полкило сахара. 4. Принесите вилку, ложку и нож. 5. Где меню? 6. Мой сын тоже официант. 7. На второе мясо, рис и овощи. 8. Как ваша фамилия? 9. Вы любите фрукты и овощи? 10. Примите, пожалуйста, заказ. 11. Скажите, пожалуйста, где гастроном? 12. На первое, дайте мне борщ. 13. У вас есть дети? 14. У вас есть сливочное мороженое? 15. На закуску принесите зелёный салат. 16. Какая следующая остановка? 17. 3а ваше здоровье! 18. Вы сейчас выходите? 19. Принесите, пожалуйста, счёт. 20. Кто вы по специальности? 21. Сколько с меня? 22. Скажите, пожалуйста, где здесь ресторан «Прага»?

Choose the most appropriate responses to the following: а. Вон там. b. Нет, садитесь, пожалуйста. c. Что будете заказывать? 1. Этот столик занят? a. Вон там. b. Нет, садитесь, пожалуйста. c. Что будете заказывать? 2. Вот меню. a. Где меню? b. Спасибо большое. c. Где он? 3. Что будете заказывать на первое? a. Картофельный салат. b. Борщ со сметаной. c. Бефстроганов. 4. Что будете заказывать на сладкое? a. Чёрный кофе и мороженое. b. Маринованные грибы. c. Пирожки с мясом. 5. Что ещё будете заказывать? a. Столик в тихом месте. b. Больше ничего, спасибо c. С сахаром и сливками

A. Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F): There will be no music in the restaurant tonight. Maureen is very fond of gypsy music. The restaurant doesn't serve the soup Maureen would like to try. Neither Maureen nor Igor want black caviar. The ice cream in Russia is supposed to be very good. B. Answer the following questions: Why is Igor glad that Maureen was free to come to the restaurant that evening? When will they have the chance to hear the gypsy band? What was Igor's way of convincing Maureen to try the main dish he suggested? Who is worried (or not worried) about their diet?

The imperative is the form of the verb used when you are asking/telling someone to do something. As such, it is often referred to as the command form. In English, we often add a "please" to the command form to turn it into a request. In Russian, the presence or absence of пожалуйста does not determine the difference between a command and a request. That function is performed by something called aspect (imperfective and perfective verbs). More about this later. Here are the most basic rules for forming the imperative: Start with the они form of the verb. Completely remove that ending: принесут принес- покажут покаж- скажут скаж- платят плат- идут ид- поздравят поздрав- работают работа- читают чита- and add -и or -ь (if what is left ends in a consonant): принесите покажите скажите платите идите будьте поздравьте or add -й (if what is left ends in a vowel): работайте читайте Of course, you will find exceptions to this rule, so your best bet will be to simply memorize those imperative forms which you will hear or use most often. As Russian makes a distinction between the informal ты and the formal/plural вы, you will need to make that distinction with the imperative forms. The forms shown above are for вы. То make the ты forms, simply drop the ending -те: принеси покажи скажи будь работай, etc. A command/request NOT to do something is made by simply adding не in front of the imperative. Negative commands are usually formed using imperfective verbs. The imperatives работай and читай are examples of these. He работай (-те) He читай (-те)

Go back through Lessons 1-6 and find imperative forms. Take note of when and how they are used; explain what they mean. With your instructor's help try to use them yourself.

Translate the following: Show me, please... Tell me, please... Please bring (me)... Be so kind. Don't work!

As in English, there are two types of numbers in Russian: the CARDINAL (or counting) numbers and the ORDINAL (or descriptive) numbers. Examples of cardinal numbers are: один, два, три, десять, двадцать, сто, тысяча, миллион Examples of ordinal numbers are: первый, второй, третий, десятый, двадцатый, сотый, тысячный, миллионный The ordinal numbers are actually adjectives which answer the questions какой? какая? какое? какие? Remember these from Lesson 2? Therefore, they'll behave just as any adjective does, agreeing with the nouns they modify in GENDER, NUMBER AND CASE. In this lesson, you saw the expressions на первое, на второе where there were only ordinal numbers (in the neuter) and no noun. The understood noun in these instances was блюдо. So, первое блюдо means first course, второе блюдо means second course. You will also use the ordinal numbers to indicate the date: Сегодня десятое (число-understood, not expressed) апреля. Here are a few ordinal numbers and their corresponding cardinal forms. The ordinals are given in the masculine. первый один второй два третий три четвёртый четыре пятый пять шестой шесть седьмой семь восьмой восемь девятый девять десятый десять двадцатый двадцать двадцать первый двадцать один двадцать второй двадцать два тридцатый тридцать сороковой сорок пятидесятый пятьдесят сотый сто тысячный тысяча миллионный миллион

Go back through Lessons 1-7 and find examples of ordinal numbers. Explain how they were used and with your instructor's help, try to use them yourself.

Translate the following: the first course the second course the fifth house the tenth apartment the fortieth president

Now you have seen all six of the cases in Russian. Like the Genitive, Dative and Accusative cases, the Instrumental may be used both with and without a preposition. Recall that the Nominative is NEVER used with a preposition and the Locative/Prepositional is ALWAYS used with one. Most often, the Instrumental is used with the preposition "с" to indicate accompaniment; "with" in English: Я хочу хлеб с маслом. На закуску принесите грибы со сметаной. Мы обедаем с друзьями. The Instrumental is also used without a preposition to indicate the means by which something is done (English "with" again), or the manner in which the action is accomplished: Он ест суп ложкой. Он говорит громким голосом. The Instrumental is used to answer the question Когда? When? with parts of the day and seasons of the year: Что? Когда? утро утром день днём вечер вечером ночь весна ночью весной лето летом осень осенью зима зимой The table below shows the Instrumental Case forms for the singular and plural forms of nouns and adjectives and compares them to the Nominative (N), Genitive (G), Dative (D), Accusative (A) and Locative (L). 0H ОНА ОНО ОНИ N новый студент старый дом новая студентка старая квартира новое слово старое кресло новые студенты старые костюмы A нового студента старый дом новую студентку старую квартиру новое слово старое кресло новых студентов старые костюмы G нового студента старого дома новой студентки старой квартиры нового слова старого кресла новых студентов старых костюмов L о новом студенте о/в старом доме о новой студентке о/в старой квартире о/в новом слове о/в старом кресле о новых студентах о/в старых костюмах D новому студенту старому дому новой студентке старой квартире новому слову старому креслу новым студентам старым костюмам I новым студентом старым домом новой студенткой старой квартирой новым словом старым кеслом новым студентами старыми костюмами

The table below shows the Instrumental Case forms for the personal pronouns and compares them to the Nominative (N), Accusative (A), Genitive (G), Dative (D) and Locative (L). N я ты он она мы вы они A меня тебя его её нас вас их G меня тебя его её нас вас их L обо мне о тебе о нём о ней о нас о вас о них D мне тебе (н)ему (н)ей нам вам (н)им I мной тобой (н)им (н)ей нами вами (н)ими

Go back through Lessons 1-7 and find examples of the Instrumental Case. Explain how it was used and with your instructor's help, try to use it yourself.

Translate the following into Russian: We want tea with sugar. Bring me coffee with milk. We eat breakfast in the morning. I work during the day. I don't work in the summer.

блюдо dish; course блюдце saucer вместе together вилка fork гарнир side dishes грязный грязное, грязная, грязные dirty; soiled другой другое, другая, другие another (one); other завтрак breakfast заказывать/заказать to order закуски hors d'oeuvres занят occupied кружка (beer) mug ложка spoon нож knife обед lunch/dinner официант/официантка waiter/waitress отдельно separately, individually первое first course повар/шеф-повар chef (cook) порция portion, serving рюмка wine glass салфетка napkin свободен free, unoccupied, vacant сладкое/десерт dessert стакан (water) glass стол, столик table счёт check, bill тарелка plate ужин supper чашка cup чек check, receipt, bill Я хочу заказать столик. I would like to reserve a table. Это всё. That's all. Этот столик свободен? Is this table free? Этот столик занят. This table is occupied. Примите заказ. Take our order. У вас есть..? Do you have..? Принесите, пожалуйста,.. Please bring... Что ещё? What else? Больше ничего. Nothing else. Сколько с меня? How much do I owe you? Получите, пожалуйста. Here you go. (when paying) Сдачи не надо. Keep the change. Я голоден/голодна. I'm hungry, (m/f) Я сыт/сыта. I'm full, (m/f) Я хочу есть. I want to eat. Я хочу пить. I want to drink.