A Return to the top
Antony, Robert J. Like froth floating on the sea: the world of pirates and seafarers in late imperial south China. China research monograph; 56. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, 2003.
Antony, Robert James. Pirates, bandits, and brotherhoods: A study of crime and law in Kwangtung Province, 1796-1839. Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Hawaii. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, 1988.
B Return to the top
Bakken, Borge. Crime, Punishment, and Policing in China. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004.
Baumler, Alan. The Chinese and Opium under the Republic: Worse Than Floods and Wild Beasts. Albany New York: State University of New York Press, 2008.
Baumler, Alan. The Chinese and opium under the Republic: worse than floods and wild beasts. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2007.
Billingsley, Phil. Bandits in Republican China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988.
Booth, Martin. The dragon syndicates: The global phenomenon of the triads. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, Incorporated, 2000.
C Return to the top
Chesneaux, Jean. Secret societies in China in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. (trans. Nettle, Gillian). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1971.
Chin, Ko-Lin. Chinatown Gangs: Extortion, Enterprise and Ethnicity. Studies in Crime and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Chin, Ko-lin. Heijin: Organized Crime, Business, and Politics in Taiwan. East Gate Book. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe Incorporated, 2003.
Chu, Yiu Kong. Triads as Business. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia, 6. New York: Routledge, 2000.
Crime and social control in a changing China. (ed. Liu, Jianhong; Zhang, Lening F.; Messner, Steven). Contributions in Criminology & Penology Series, Vol. 53. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 2001.
D Return to the top
Dikotter, Frank. Crime, punishment, and the prison in modern China, 1895-1949. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
Dutton, Michael R. Policing and punishment in China: from patriarchy to "the people". New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
G Return to the top
Gilley, Bruce. Model Rebels: The Rise and Fall of China's Richest Village. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
H Return to the top
Hegel, Robert E.. True crimes in eighteenth-century China: twenty case histories. Seattle, Washington: University of Wasington Press, 2009.
K Return to the top
Keith, Ron. New Crime in China: Public Order and Human Rights. London: Routledge, 2005.
Keith, Ronald. New Crime in China: Public Order and Human Rights. New York: Routledge, 2009.
Kong, Chu Yiu. Triads As Business. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005.
L Return to the top
Lilius, Aleko E. I Sailed with Chinese pirates. New York: Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 1991.
Lo, Shiu Hing. The politics of cross-border crime in greater China: case studies of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008.
M Return to the top
Martin, Brian G. The Shanghai Green Gang: politics and organized crime, 1919-1937. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996.
Murray, Dian H. Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790-1810. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987.
Murray, Dian H.; Qin, Baoqi. The Origins of the Tiandihui: The Chinese Triads in Legend and History. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995.
N Return to the top
Nicaso, Antonio; Lamothe, Lee. Global Mafia: The New World Order of Organized Crime. Collingdale: DIANE Publishing Company, 2000.
O Return to the top
Ownby, David. Brotherhoods and Secret Societies in Early and Mid-Qing China: The Formation of a Tradition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
R Return to the top
Robinson, David M. Bandits, eunuchs, and the son of heaven: rebellion and the economy of violence in mid-Ming China. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2001.
Rogozinski, Jan. The Wordsworth Dictionary of Pirates. Reprint. Collingdale: DIANE Publishing Company, 2002.
S Return to the top
Stapleton, Kristin Eileen. Police reform in a late-imperial Chinese city: Chengdu, 1902-1911. Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Harvard University, 1993. Microfiche HT 93807 Microfiche. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1994.
Sun, Yan. Corruption and market in contemporary China. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2004.
T Return to the top
Tai, Hsuan-chih. The Red Spears, 1916-1949. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies; No. 54. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1985.
Tanner, Harold. Strike Hard!, Anti-Crime Campaigns and Chinese Criminal Justice, 1979-1985. Ithaca: Cornell University East Asia Program, 1999.
Ter Haar, B. J. Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads: Creating an Identity. Sinica Leidensia Series, 43. Boston: Brill Academic Publishers, 2000.
Triad Societies: Western Accounts of the History, Sociology and Linguistics of Chinese Secret Societies. (ed. Bolton, Kingsley). Colonial Encounters Series. New York: Routledge, 2000.
U Return to the top
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia. Pirates of the 21st century: the curse of the black market: hearing before the Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia Subcommittee of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, April 20, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.
W Return to the top
Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime, 1937-1941. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Wakeman, Frederic, Jr. Policing Shanghai 1927-1937. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
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Marilyn Shea
Department of Psychology
University of Maine at Farmington
mshea@maine.edu
http://hua.umf.maine.edu/China/gangs.html
Last update: September 2010
© Marilyn Shea 1996, 2010