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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
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  2. <!DOCTYPE html
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  3.   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
    4. 

  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><title>Unit 1</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/></head><body><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="d0e2138"/>Unit 1</h1></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e2141"/>Introduction</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e2144"/>Topics Covered in this Unit</h3></div></div></div><p>
    5. 

  5.                     </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>Questions and answers about full names and surnames.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Titles and terms of address ("Mr. ," etc.).</p></li></ol></div><p>
    6. 

  6.                 </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e2157"/>Prerequisites to the Unit</h3></div></div></div><p>(Be sure to complete these before starting the unit.)</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>Background Notes</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>P&amp;R 1 (Tape 1 of the resource module on Pronunciation and
    7. 

  7.                                 Romanization), the tones.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>P&amp;R 2 (Tape 2 of the resource module on Pronunciation and
    8. 

  8.                                 Romanization), the tones.</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e2172"/>Materials You Will Need</h3></div></div></div><p>
    9. 

  9.                     </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference
    10. 

  10.                                 Notes.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The drill tape (lD-l)</p></li></ol></div><p>
    11. 

  11.                 </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e2185"/>About the C-l and P-l Tapes</h3></div></div></div><p>The C-l and P-l tapes are your introduction to the Chinese words and
    12. 

  12.                     structures presented in each unit. The tapes give you explanations and practice
    13. 

  13.                     on the new material. By the time you have worked through these two tapes, you
    14. 

  14.                     will be competent in understanding and producing the expressions introduced in
    15. 

  15.                     the unit. </p><p>With the C-l tape, you learn to understand the new words and structures. The
    16. 

  16.                     material is presented in short conversational exchanges, first with English
    17. 

  17.                     translations and later with pauses which allow you to translate. Try to give a
    18. 

  18.                     complete English translation for each Chinese expression. Your goal when using
    19. 

  19.                     the C-l tape is to learn the meanings of all the words and structures as they
    20. 

  20.                     are used in the sentences.</p><p>With the P-l tape, you learn to put together these sentences. You learn to
    21. 

  21.                     pronounce each new word and use each new structure. When the recorded
    22. 

  22.                     instructions direct you to pronounce a word or say a sentence, do so out loud.
    23. 

  23.                     It is important for you to hear yourself speaking Chinese, so that you will know
    24. 

  24.                     whether you are pronouncing the words correctly. Making the effort to say the
    25. 

  25.                     expression is a big part of learning it. It is one thing to think about how a
    26. 

  26.                     sentence should be put together or how it should sound. It is another thing to
    27. 

  27.                     put it together that way or make it sound that way. Your goal when using the P-l
    28. 

  28.                     tape is to produce the Target List expressions in Chinese when given English
    29. 

  29.                     equivalents. At the end of each P-l tape is a review of the Target List which
    30. 

  30.                     you can go over until you have mastered the expressions.</p><p>At times, you may feel that the material on a tape is being presented too
    31. 

  31.                     fast. You may find that there is not enough time allowed for working out the
    32. 

  32.                     meaning of a sentence or saying a sentence the way you want to. When this
    33. 

  33.                     happens, stop the tape. If you want to, rewind; Use the control buttons on your
    34. 

  34.                     machine to make the tape manageable for you most and to get the most out of
    35. 

  35.                     it.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e2197"/>About the Reference List and the Reference Notes</h3></div></div></div><p>The Reference List and the Reference Notes are designed to be used before,
    36. 

  36.                     during, or directly after work with the C-l and P-l tapes.</p><p>The Reference List is a summary of the C-l and P-l tapes. It contains all
    37. 

  37.                     sentences which introduce new material, shoving you both the Chinese sentences
    38. 

  38.                     written in romanization and their English equivalents. You will find that the
    39. 

  39.                     list is printed so that either the Chinese or the English can be covered to
    40. 

  40.                     allow you to test yourself on comprehension, production, or romanization of the
    41. 

  41.                     sentences.</p><p>The Reference Notes give you information about grammar, pronunciation, and
    42. 

  42.                     cultural usage. Some of these explanations duplicate what you hear on the C-l
    43. 

  43.                     and P-l tapes. Other explanations contain new information. </p><p>You may use the Reference List and Reference Notes in various ways. For
    44. 

  44.                     example, you may follow the Reference Notes as you listen to a tape, glancing at
    45. 

  45.                     an exchange or stopping to read a comment whenever you want to. Or you may look
    46. 

  46.                     through the Reference Notes before listening to a tape, and then use the
    47. 

  47.                     Reference List while you listen, to help you keep track of where you are.
    48. 

  48.                     Whichever way you decide to use these parts of a unit, remember that they are
    49. 

  49.                     reference materials. Don't rely on the translations and romanizations as
    50. 

  50.                     subtitles for the C-l tape or as cue cards for the P-l tape, for this would rob
    51. 

  51.                     you of your chance to develop listening and responding skills.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e2209"/>About the Drills</h3></div></div></div><p>The drills help you develop fluency, ease of response, and confidence. You can
    52. 

  52.                     go through the drills on your own, with the drill tapes, and the teacher may
    53. 

  53.                     take you through them in class as well. </p><p>Allow more than half an hour for a half-hour drill tape, since you will
    54. 

  54.                     usually need to go over all or parts of the tape more than once to get full
    55. 

  55.                     benefit from it. </p><p>The drills include many personal names, providing you with valuable
    56. 

  56.                     pronunciation practice. However, if you find the names more than you can handle
    57. 

  57.                     the first time through the tape, replace them with the pronoun <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tā</em></span> whenever possible. Similar
    58. 

  58.                     substitutions are often possible with place names. </p><p>Some of the drills involve sentences which you may find too long to understand
    59. 

  59.                     or produce on your first try, and you will need to rewind for another try.
    60. 

  60.                     Often, particularly the first time through a tape, you will find the pauses too
    61. 

  61.                     short, and you will need to stop the tape to give yourself more time. The
    62. 

  62.                     performance you should aim for with these tapes, however, is full comprehension
    63. 

  63.                     and full, fluent, and accurate production while the tape rolls. </p><p>The five basic types of drills are described below.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist"><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong>Substitution Drills</strong></span>: The teacher
    64. 

  64.                                 (T) gives a pattern sentence which the student (S) repeats. Then the
    65. 

  65.                                 teacher gives a word or phrase (a cue) which the student substitutes
    66. 

  66.                                 appropriately in the original sentence. The teacher follows
    67. 

  67.                                 immediately with a new cue.</p><div class="example"><a id="d0e2231"/><p class="title"><strong>Example 1.1. Here is an English example of a substitution
    68. 

  68.                                         drill:</strong></p><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>T: Are you an American?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: Are you an American?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>T: (cue) English</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: Are you English?</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>T: (cue) French </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: Are you French?</p></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="listitem"><p><span class="bold"><strong>Transformation Drills</strong></span>: On the
    69. 

  69.                                 basis of a model provided at the beginning of the drill, the student
    70. 

  70.                                 makes a certain change in each sentence the teacher says.</p><div class="example"><a id="d0e2258"/><p class="title"><strong>Example 1.2. Here is an English example of a transformation drill, in
    71. 

  71.                                     which the student is changing affirmative sentences into
    72. 

  72.                                     negative ones:</strong></p><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>T: I'm going to the bank. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: I'm not going to the bank. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>T: I'm going to the store. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: I'm not going to the store.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Response Drills: On the basis of a model given at the beginning of
    73. 

  73.                                 the drill, the student responds to questions or remarks by the
    74. 

  74.                                 teacher as cued by the teacher.</p><div class="example"><a id="d0e2277"/><p class="title"><strong>Example 1.3. Here is an English example of a response drill:</strong></p><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>T: What is his name? (cue) Harris </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: His name is Harris.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>T: What is her name? (cue) Noss </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: Her name is Noss.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Expansion Drills: The student adds something to a pattern sentence
    75. 

  75.                                 as cued by the teacher.</p><div class="example"><a id="d0e2296"/><p class="title"><strong>Example 1.4. Here is an English example of an expansion drill:</strong></p><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>T: He isn't Chinese, (cue) Japanese.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: He isn't Chinese. He's Japanese. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>T: She isn't German. (cue) French.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: She isn't German. She's French. </p></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="listitem"><p>Combination Drills: On the basis of a model given at the beginning
    76. 

  76.                                 of the drill, the student combines two phrases or sentences given by
    77. 

  77.                                 the teacher into a single utterance.</p><div class="example"><a id="d0e2315"/><p class="title"><strong>Example 1.5. Here is an English example of a combination drill:</strong></p><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"><li class="listitem"><p>T: I am reading a book. John gave me the book. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: I am reading a book which John gave me. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>T: Mary bought a picture. I like the picture. </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>S: Mary bought a picture which I like.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e2332"/>References</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e2335"/>Reference list</h3></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col style="text-align: left" class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>1.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shì
    78. 

  78.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who are you?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shì Wáng
    79. 

  79.                                         Dànián.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是王大年。</em></span></td><td>I'm <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    80. 

  80.                                         Dànián</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shì
    81. 

  81.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who are you?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shì Hú
    82. 

  82.                                         Měilíng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是胡美玲。</em></span></td><td>I'm <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    83. 

  83.                                         Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    84. 

  84.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    85. 

  85.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></td><td>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    86. 

  86.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>4.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    87. 

  87.                                         Mínglǐ.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></td><td>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    88. 

  88.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Hú
    89. 

  89.                                         Měilíng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是胡美玲。</em></span></td><td>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    90. 

  90.                                         Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>5.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ xìng
    91. 

  91.                                         shénme?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你姓什么？</em></span></td><td>What is your surname?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ xìng
    92. 

  92.                                         Wáng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我姓王。</em></span></td><td>My surname is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>6.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā xìng
    93. 

  93.                                         shénme?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他姓什么？</em></span></td><td>What is his surname?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā xìng
    94. 

  94.                                         Mǎ.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他姓马。</em></span></td><td>His surname is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>7.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    95. 

  95.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    96. 

  96.                                         xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span> .</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>8.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    97. 

  97.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ
    98. 

  98.                                         xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    99. 

  99.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>9.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng, tā
    100. 

  100.                                         shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ
    101. 

  101.                                         xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    102. 

  102.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>10.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng, tā shì
    103. 

  103.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生，他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Sir, who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    104. 

  104.                                         xiānsheng</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>11.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng, tā shì
    105. 

  105.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Sir, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    106. 

  106.                                         tàitai.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马太太。</em></span></td><td>She is Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>12.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng, tā
    107. 

  107.                                         shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ
    108. 

  108.                                         tàitai.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马明理太太。</em></span></td><td>She is Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    109. 

  109.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>13.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng, tā
    110. 

  110.                                         shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    111. 

  111.                                         xiǎojiě.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马小姐。</em></span></td><td>She is miss <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>14.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    112. 

  112.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ
    113. 

  113.                                         tóngzhì.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理同志。</em></span></td><td>He is comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>15.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tóngzhì, tā shì
    114. 

  114.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Comrade, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Fāng
    115. 

  115.                                         Bǎolán.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是方宝兰。</em></span></td><td>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Fāng
    116. 

  116.                                         Bǎolán</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>16.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tóngzhì, tā shì
    117. 

  117.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Comrade, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Fāng Bǎolán
    118. 

  118.                                         tóngzhì.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是方宝兰同志。</em></span></td><td>She is comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Fāng
    119. 

  119.                                         Bǎolán</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e2897"/>Vocabulary</h3></div></div></div><div class="striped"><table class="striped" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nĭ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你</em></span></td><td>you</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">谁</em></span></td><td>who</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shénme</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">什么</em></span></td><td>what</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">是</em></span></td><td>to be</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tā</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他，她，它</em></span></td><td>he, she, it</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tàitai</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">太太</em></span></td><td>Mrs. , wife, married woman, lady</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tóngzhì</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志</em></span></td><td>comrade</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wǒ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我</em></span></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiānsheng</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生</em></span></td><td>Mr. , sir, husband, teacher</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiǎojiě
    120. 

  120.                                         (xiǎojie)</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">小姐</em></span></td><td>Miss, lady, daughter (polite)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xìng</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">姓</em></span></td><td>to be surnamed</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e3006"/>Reference notes</h3></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d0e3009"/>Notes on № 1-4</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>1.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    121. 

  121.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who are you?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Wáng
    122. 

  122.                                             Dànián.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是王大年。</em></span></td><td>I'm <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    123. 

  123.                                             Dànián</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    124. 

  124.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who are you?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Hú
    125. 

  125.                                             Měilíng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是胡美玲。</em></span></td><td>I'm <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    126. 

  126.                                             Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    127. 

  127.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    128. 

  128.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></td><td>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    129. 

  129.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>4.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    130. 

  130.                                             Mínglǐ.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></td><td>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    131. 

  131.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Hú
    132. 

  132.                                             Měilíng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是胡美玲。</em></span></td><td>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    133. 

  133.                                             Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span>
    134. 

  134.                         means "to be" in the sense of "to be someone or something," as in "I am
    135. 

  135.                         Daniel King." It expresses identity. (In Unit 4 you will learn a verb which
    136. 

  136.                         means "to be" in another sense, "to be somewhere," as in "I am in
    137. 

  137.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Bĕijĭng</em></span>." That
    138. 

  138.                         verb expresses location.) The verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span> is in the <span class="bold"><strong>Neutral
    139. 

  139.                             tone</strong></span> (with no accent mark) <span class="underline">except</span> when <span class="underline">emphasized</span>. </p><p>Unlike verbs in European languages, Chinese verbs do not distinguish
    140. 

  140.                         first, second, and third persons. A single form serves for all three
    141. 

  141.                             persons.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c4"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    142. 

  142.                                                 Dànián.</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center">I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    143. 

  143.                                                 Dànián</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    144. 

  144.                                                 Měilíng.</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center">You are <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    145. 

  145.                                                 Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    146. 

  146.                                                 MÍnglĭ.</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center">He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    147. 

  147.                                                 MÍnglĭ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Later you will find that Chinese verbs do not distinguish singular and
    148. 

  148.                         plural, either, and that they do not distinguish past, present, and future
    149. 

  149.                         as such. You need to learn only one form for each verb. </p><p>The pronoun <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tā</em></span>
    150. 

  150.                         is equivalent to both "he" and "she." (and it), but the writing is
    151. 

  151.                         different: he ↠ <span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他</em></span> , she ↠
    152. 

  152.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她</em></span> , it ↠
    153. 

  153.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">它</em></span>.</p><p>The question <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nĭ shi
    154. 

  154.                             shéi?</em></span> is actually too direct for most situations,
    155. 

  155.                         although it is all right from teacher to student or from student to student
    156. 

  156.                         . (A more polite question is introduced in Unit 2.) </p><p>Unlike English, Chinese uses the same word order in questions as in
    157. 

  157.                             statements.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c4"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi?</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center">Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    158. 

  158.                                                 Mínglǐ?</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center">He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    159. 

  159.                                                 Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>When you answer a question containing a question word like <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi</em></span>. "who," simply replace
    160. 

  160.                         the question word with the information it asks for.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d0e3290"/>Notes on № 5-6</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>5.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ xìng
    161. 

  161.                                             shénme?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你姓什么？</em></span></td><td>What is your surname?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ xìng
    162. 

  162.                                             Wáng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我姓王。</em></span></td><td>My surname is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>6.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā xìng
    163. 

  163.                                             shénme?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他姓什么？</em></span></td><td>What is his surname?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā xìng
    164. 

  164.                                             Mǎ.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他姓马。</em></span></td><td>His surname is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xìng</em></span> is a verb,
    165. 

  165.                         "to be surnamed." It is in the same position in the sentence as
    166. 

  166.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span>, "to
    167. 

  167.                             be."</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    168. 

  168.                                                 Dànián.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">I</td><td style="text-align: center">am</td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    169. 

  169.                                                 Dànián.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xìng</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">I</td><td style="text-align: center">am surnamed</td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Notice that the question word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shénme</em></span>. "What," takes the same position as the question
    170. 

  170.                         word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi</em></span>
    171. 

  171.                             "who."</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">You</td><td style="text-align: center">are</td><td style="text-align: center">who?</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xìng</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shénme?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center">You</td><td style="text-align: center">are surnamed</td><td style="text-align: center">what?</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Shénme</em></span> is the
    172. 

  172.                         official spelling. However, the word is pronounced as if it were spelled
    173. 

  173.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shémma</em></span>, or
    174. 

  174.                         even <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéma</em></span> (often
    175. 

  175.                         with a single rise in pitch extending over both syllables.) Before another
    176. 

  176.                         word which begins with a consonant sound, it is usually pronounced as if it
    177. 

  177.                         were spelled <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shém</em></span>.
    178. 

  178.                     </p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d0e3486"/>Notes on № 7-8</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>7.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    179. 

  179.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    180. 

  180.                                             xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span> .</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>8.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    181. 

  181.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    182. 

  182.                                             Mínglǐ xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    183. 

  183.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>After the verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span> you may have the full name alone, the surname plus
    184. 

  184.                         title, or the full name plus title.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col style="text-align: center" class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c4"/><col style="text-align: center" class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mínglĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mínglĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng</em></span>,
    185. 

  185.                         literally "first-born," has more of a connotation of respectfulness than
    186. 

  186.                         "Mr. " <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng</em></span> is
    187. 

  187.                         usually applied only to people other than oneself. Do not use the title
    188. 

  188.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng</em></span> (or
    189. 

  189.                         any other respectful title, such as <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiàoshòu</em></span>, "Professor" when
    190. 

  190.                         giving your own name. If you want to say "I am Mr.  Jones," you may say
    191. 

  191.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ xìng
    192. 

  192.                         Jones</em></span>.</p><p>When a name and title name are said together, logically enough it is the
    193. 

  193.                         name which gets the heavy stress: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">WÁNG Xiānsheng</em></span>, You will often hear the title
    194. 

  194.                         pronounced with no full tones: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">WÁNG Xiansheng</em></span>.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d0e3641"/>Notes on № 9-12</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>9.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng,
    195. 

  195.                                             tā shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    196. 

  196.                                             Mínglǐ xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    197. 

  197.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>10.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng, tā
    198. 

  198.                                             shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生，他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Sir, who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    199. 

  199.                                             xiānsheng</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>11.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng, tā
    200. 

  200.                                             shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Sir, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    201. 

  201.                                             tàitai.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马太太。</em></span></td><td>She is Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>12.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng,
    202. 

  202.                                             tā shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    203. 

  203.                                             Mínglǐ tàitai.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马明理太太。</em></span></td><td>She is Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    204. 

  204.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>When you address someone directly, use either the name plus the title or
    205. 

  205.                         the title alone. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng</em></span> must be translated as "Sir" when it is used
    206. 

  206.                         alone, since "Mr. " would not capture its respectful tone. (<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tàitai</em></span>, however, is less
    207. 

  207.                         respectful when used alone. You should address Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span> as <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ tàitai</em></span>.)</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="d0e3803"/>Notes on № 13-16</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>13.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng,
    208. 

  208.                                             tā shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    209. 

  209.                                             xiǎojiě.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马小姐。</em></span></td><td>She is miss <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>14.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    210. 

  210.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    211. 

  211.                                             Mínglǐ tóngzhì.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理同志。</em></span></td><td>He is comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>15.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tóngzhì, tā shì
    212. 

  212.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Comrade, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Fāng
    213. 

  213.                                             Bǎolán.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是方宝兰。</em></span></td><td>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Fāng
    214. 

  214.                                             Bǎolán</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>16.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tóngzhì, tā shì
    215. 

  215.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Comrade, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Fāng
    216. 

  216.                                             Bǎolán tóngzhì.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是方宝兰同志。</em></span></td><td>She is comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Fāng Bǎolán</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>See the Background Notes on Chinese Personal Names and Titles for
    217. 

  217.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tóngzhì</em></span>.
    218. 

  218.                         "Comrade," and the use of maiden names.</p></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="d0e3953"/>Drills</h2></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e3956"/>Substitution drill.</h3></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="newCol3"/><col class="c3"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="background-color: #b3d9ff"/><th style="text-align: center">Cue</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center">Answer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    219. 

  219.                                     <p>1.</p>
    220. 

  220.                                 </td><td>
    221. 

  221.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    222. 

  222.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span></p>
    223. 

  223.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">马明理</em></span></p>
    224. 

  224.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    225. 

  225.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    226. 

  226.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span></p>
    227. 

  227.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></p>
    228. 

  228.                                     <p>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    229. 

  229.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</p>
    230. 

  230.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    231. 

  231.                                     <p>2.</p>
    232. 

  232.                                 </td><td>
    233. 

  233.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    234. 

  234.                                             Měilíng</em></span></p>
    235. 

  235.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">胡美玲</em></span></p>
    236. 

  236.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    237. 

  237.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Hú
    238. 

  238.                                             Měilíng</em></span></p>
    239. 

  239.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是胡美玲。</em></span></p>
    240. 

  240.                                     <p>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    241. 

  241.                                             Měilíng</em></span>.</p>
    242. 

  242.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    243. 

  243.                                     <p>3.</p>
    244. 

  244.                                 </td><td>
    245. 

  245.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    246. 

  246.                                             Dànián</em></span></p>
    247. 

  247.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王大年</em></span></p>
    248. 

  248.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    249. 

  249.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Wáng
    250. 

  250.                                             Dànián</em></span></p>
    251. 

  251.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是王大年。</em></span></p>
    252. 

  252.                                     <p>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    253. 

  253.                                             Dànián</em></span>.</p>
    254. 

  254.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    255. 

  255.                                     <p>4.</p>
    256. 

  256.                                 </td><td>
    257. 

  257.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Lǐ
    258. 

  258.                                             Shìmín</em></span></p>
    259. 

  259.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">李世民</em></span></p>
    260. 

  260.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    261. 

  261.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Lǐ
    262. 

  262.                                             Shìmín</em></span></p>
    263. 

  263.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是李世民。</em></span></p>
    264. 

  264.                                     <p>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Lǐ
    265. 

  265.                                             Shìmín</em></span>.</p>
    266. 

  266.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    267. 

  267.                                     <p>5.</p>
    268. 

  268.                                 </td><td>
    269. 

  269.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    270. 

  270.                                             Lìróng</em></span></p>
    271. 

  271.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">刘丽容</em></span></p>
    272. 

  272.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    273. 

  273.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Liú
    274. 

  274.                                             Lìróng</em></span></p>
    275. 

  275.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是刘丽容。</em></span></p>
    276. 

  276.                                     <p>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    277. 

  277.                                             Lìróng</em></span>.</p>
    278. 

  278.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    279. 

  279.                                     <p>6.</p>
    280. 

  280.                                 </td><td>
    281. 

  281.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng
    282. 

  282.                                             Bǎolán</em></span></p>
    283. 

  283.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">张宝兰</em></span></p>
    284. 

  284.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    285. 

  285.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Zhāng
    286. 

  286.                                             Bǎolán.</em></span></p>
    287. 

  287.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是张宝兰。</em></span></p>
    288. 

  288.                                     <p>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng
    289. 

  289.                                             Bǎolán</em></span>.</p>
    290. 

  290.                                 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e4209"/>Response Drill</h3></div></div></div><p>When the cue is given by a male speaker, male students should respond. When
    291. 

  291.                     the cue is given by a female speaker, female students should respond.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="newCol3"/><col class="c3"/><col class="newCol5"/><col class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="background-color: #b3d9ff"/><th style="text-align: center">Question</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center">Cue</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center">Answer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    292. 

  292.                                     <p>1.</p>
    293. 

  293.                                 </td><td>
    294. 

  294.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    295. 

  295.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    296. 

  296.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    297. 

  297.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    298. 

  298.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    299. 

  299.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    300. 

  300.                                             Dànián</em></span></p>
    301. 

  301.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王大年</em></span></p>
    302. 

  302.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    303. 

  303.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Wáng
    304. 

  304.                                             Dànián</em></span></p>
    305. 

  305.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是王大年。</em></span></p>
    306. 

  306.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    307. 

  307.                                             Dànián</em></span>.</p>
    308. 

  308.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    309. 

  309.                                     <p>2.</p>
    310. 

  310.                                 </td><td>
    311. 

  311.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    312. 

  312.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    313. 

  313.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    314. 

  314.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    315. 

  315.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    316. 

  316.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    317. 

  317.                                             Měilíng</em></span></p>
    318. 

  318.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">胡美玲</em></span></p>
    319. 

  319.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    320. 

  320.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Hú
    321. 

  321.                                             Měilíng.</em></span></p>
    322. 

  322.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是胡美玲。</em></span></p>
    323. 

  323.                                     <p> I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    324. 

  324.                                             Měilíng</em></span>.</p>
    325. 

  325.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    326. 

  326.                                     <p>3.</p>
    327. 

  327.                                 </td><td>
    328. 

  328.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    329. 

  329.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    330. 

  330.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    331. 

  331.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    332. 

  332.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    333. 

  333.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    334. 

  334.                                             Shìmín</em></span></p>
    335. 

  335.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">李世民</em></span></p>
    336. 

  336.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    337. 

  337.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Liú
    338. 

  338.                                             Shìmín.</em></span></p>
    339. 

  339.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是李世民。</em></span></p>
    340. 

  340.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    341. 

  341.                                             Shìmín</em></span>.</p>
    342. 

  342.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    343. 

  343.                                     <p>4.</p>
    344. 

  344.                                 </td><td>
    345. 

  345.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    346. 

  346.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    347. 

  347.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    348. 

  348.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    349. 

  349.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    350. 

  350.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Chén
    351. 

  351.                                             Huìrán</em></span></p>
    352. 

  352.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">陈蕙然</em></span></p>
    353. 

  353.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    354. 

  354.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Chén
    355. 

  355.                                             Huìrán.</em></span></p>
    356. 

  356.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是陈蕙然。</em></span></p>
    357. 

  357.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Chén
    358. 

  358.                                             Huìrán</em></span>.</p>
    359. 

  359.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    360. 

  360.                                     <p>5.</p>
    361. 

  361.                                 </td><td>
    362. 

  362.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    363. 

  363.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    364. 

  364.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    365. 

  365.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    366. 

  366.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    367. 

  367.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Huáng
    368. 

  368.                                             Déxián</em></span></p>
    369. 

  369.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">黄德贤</em></span></p>
    370. 

  370.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    371. 

  371.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Huáng
    372. 

  372.                                             Déxián.</em></span></p>
    373. 

  373.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是黄德贤。</em></span></p>
    374. 

  374.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Huáng
    375. 

  375.                                             Déxián</em></span>.</p>
    376. 

  376.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    377. 

  377.                                     <p>6.</p>
    378. 

  378.                                 </td><td>
    379. 

  379.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    380. 

  380.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    381. 

  381.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    382. 

  382.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    383. 

  383.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    384. 

  384.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào
    385. 

  385.                                             Wǎnrú</em></span></p>
    386. 

  386.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">赵婉如</em></span></p>
    387. 

  387.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    388. 

  388.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Zhào
    389. 

  389.                                             Wǎnrú.</em></span></p>
    390. 

  390.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是赵婉如。</em></span></p>
    391. 

  391.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào
    392. 

  392.                                             Wǎnrú</em></span>.</p>
    393. 

  393.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    394. 

  394.                                     <p>7.</p>
    395. 

  395.                                 </td><td>
    396. 

  396.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    397. 

  397.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    398. 

  398.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    399. 

  399.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    400. 

  400.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    401. 

  401.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiǎng
    402. 

  402.                                             Bǐngyíng</em></span></p>
    403. 

  403.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">蒋冰莹</em></span></p>
    404. 

  404.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    405. 

  405.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Jiǎng
    406. 

  406.                                             Bǐngyíng.</em></span></p>
    407. 

  407.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是蒋冰莹。</em></span></p>
    408. 

  408.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiǎng
    409. 

  409.                                             Bǐngyíng</em></span>.</p>
    410. 

  410.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    411. 

  411.                                     <p>8.</p>
    412. 

  412.                                 </td><td>
    413. 

  413.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    414. 

  414.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    415. 

  415.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    416. 

  416.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    417. 

  417.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    418. 

  418.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Gāo
    419. 

  419.                                             Yǒngpíng</em></span></p>
    420. 

  420.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">局永平</em></span></p>
    421. 

  421.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    422. 

  422.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Gāo
    423. 

  423.                                             Yǒngpíng.</em></span></p>
    424. 

  424.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是局永平。</em></span></p>
    425. 

  425.                                     <p> I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Gāo
    426. 

  426.                                             Yǒngpíng</em></span>.</p>
    427. 

  427.                                 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="d0e4626"/>Response drill.</h3></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="newCol3"/><col class="c3"/><col class="newCol5"/><col class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th style="background-color: #b3d9ff"/><th style="text-align: center">Question</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center">Cue</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center">Answer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    428. 

  428.                                     <p>1.</p>
    429. 

  429.                                 </td><td>
    430. 

  430.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    431. 

  431.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    432. 

  432.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></p>
    433. 

  433.                                     <p>Who is he? </p>
    434. 

  434.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    435. 

  435.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    436. 

  436.                                             xiānsheng</em></span></p>
    437. 

  437.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">马先生</em></span></p>
    438. 

  438.                                     <p>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></p>
    439. 

  439.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    440. 

  440.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    441. 

  441.                                             xiānsheng.</em></span></p>
    442. 

  442.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></p>
    443. 

  443.                                     <p>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</p>
    444. 

  444.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    445. 

  445.                                     <p>2.</p>
    446. 

  446.                                 </td><td>
    447. 

  447.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    448. 

  448.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    449. 

  449.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是谁？</em></span></p>
    450. 

  450.                                     <p>Who is she?</p>
    451. 

  451.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    452. 

  452.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    453. 

  453.                                             tàitai</em></span></p>
    454. 

  454.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">胡太太</em></span></p>
    455. 

  455.                                     <p>Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú</em></span></p>
    456. 

  456.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    457. 

  457.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Hú
    458. 

  458.                                             tàitai.</em></span></p>
    459. 

  459.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是胡太太。</em></span></p>
    460. 

  460.                                     <p> She is Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú</em></span>.</p>
    461. 

  461.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    462. 

  462.                                     <p>3.</p>
    463. 

  463.                                 </td><td>
    464. 

  464.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    465. 

  465.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    466. 

  466.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></p>
    467. 

  467.                                     <p>Who is he? </p>
    468. 

  468.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    469. 

  469.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Máo
    470. 

  470.                                             xiānsheng</em></span></p>
    471. 

  471.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">毛先生</em></span></p>
    472. 

  472.                                     <p>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Máo</em></span></p>
    473. 

  473.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    474. 

  474.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Máo
    475. 

  475.                                             xiānsheng.</em></span></p>
    476. 

  476.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是毛先生。</em></span></p>
    477. 

  477.                                     <p>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Máo</em></span>.</p>
    478. 

  478.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    479. 

  479.                                     <p>4.</p>
    480. 

  480.                                 </td><td>
    481. 

  481.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    482. 

  482.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    483. 

  483.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></p>
    484. 

  484.                                     <p>Who is he? </p>
    485. 

  485.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    486. 

  486.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng
    487. 

  487.                                             tóngzhì</em></span></p>
    488. 

  488.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">张同志</em></span></p>
    489. 

  489.                                     <p>Comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng</em></span></p>
    490. 

  490.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    491. 

  491.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Zhāng
    492. 

  492.                                             tōngzhì.</em></span></p>
    493. 

  493.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是张同志。</em></span></p>
    494. 

  494.                                     <p>He is Comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng</em></span>.</p>
    495. 

  495.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    496. 

  496.                                     <p>5.</p>
    497. 

  497.                                 </td><td>
    498. 

  498.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    499. 

  499.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    500. 

  500.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是谁？</em></span></p>
    501. 

  501.                                     <p>Who is she?</p>
    502. 

  502.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    503. 

  503.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    504. 

  504.                                             xiǎojiě</em></span></p>
    505. 

  505.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">刘小姐</em></span></p>
    506. 

  506.                                     <p>Miss <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú</em></span></p>
    507. 

  507.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    508. 

  508.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Liú
    509. 

  509.                                             xiǎojiě.</em></span></p>
    510. 

  510.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是刘小姐。</em></span></p>
    511. 

  511.                                     <p> She is Miss <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú</em></span>.</p>
    512. 

  512.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    513. 

  513.                                     <p>6.</p>
    514. 

  514.                                 </td><td>
    515. 

  515.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    516. 

  516.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    517. 

  517.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></p>
    518. 

  518.                                     <p>Who is he? </p>
    519. 

  519.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    520. 

  520.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    521. 

  521.                                             xiānsheng</em></span></p>
    522. 

  522.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">马先生</em></span></p>
    523. 

  523.                                     <p>Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></p>
    524. 

  524.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    525. 

  525.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    526. 

  526.                                             xiānsheng.</em></span></p>
    527. 

  527.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生</em></span></p>
    528. 

  528.                                     <p>He is Mr.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</p>
    529. 

  529.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    530. 

  530.                                     <p>7.</p>
    531. 

  531.                                 </td><td>
    532. 

  532.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    533. 

  533.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    534. 

  534.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是谁？</em></span></p>
    535. 

  535.                                     <p>Who is she? </p>
    536. 

  536.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    537. 

  537.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào
    538. 

  538.                                             tàitai</em></span></p>
    539. 

  539.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">赵太太</em></span></p>
    540. 

  540.                                     <p>Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào</em></span></p>
    541. 

  541.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    542. 

  542.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Zhào
    543. 

  543.                                             tàitai.</em></span></p>
    544. 

  544.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是赵太太。</em></span></p>
    545. 

  545.                                     <p>She is Mrs.  <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào</em></span>.</p>
    546. 

  546.                                 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div></body></html>
    547.