Trang chủ Khám phá Trợ giúp
Đăng nhập
Demipuppet
/
FSI-Chinese-docbook
1
0
Fork 0
Các tập tin
Tree: 6864a69dde
Branches Tags
FSI-Chinese-...
/
out
/
epub3
/
ch01s07.xhtml

ch01s07.xhtml 107 KB
Lịch sử Raw

123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543 
  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><!DOCTYPE html><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon" xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><head><title>Unit 1</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"/><link rel="prev" href="ch01s06.xhtml" title="Unit 4 Target List"/><link rel="next" href="ch01s08.xhtml" title="Unit 2"/></head><body><header/><section class="section" title="Unit 1" epub:type="subchapter" id="d0e2138"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">Unit 1</h2></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Introduction" epub:type="division" id="d0e2141"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">Introduction</h3></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Topics Covered in this Unit" epub:type="division" id="d0e2144"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Topics Covered in this Unit</h4></div></div></div><p>
    2. 

  2.                     </p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Questions and answers about full names and surnames.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Titles and terms of address ("Mr.," etc.).</p></li></ol></div><p>
    3. 

  3.                 </p></section><section class="section" title="Prerequisites to the Unit" epub:type="division" id="d0e2157"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Prerequisites to the Unit</h4></div></div></div><p>(Be sure to complete these before starting the unit.)</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Background Notes</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>P&amp;R 1 (Tape 1 of the resource module on Pronunciation and
    4. 

  4.                                 Romanization), the tones.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>P&amp;R 2 (Tape 2 of the resource module on Pronunciation and
    5. 

  5.                                 Romanization), the tones.</p></li></ol></div></section><section class="section" title="Materials You Will Need" epub:type="division" id="d0e2172"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Materials You Will Need</h4></div></div></div><p>
    6. 

  6.                     </p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference
    7. 

  7.                                 Notes.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The drill tape (lD-l)</p></li></ol></div><p>
    8. 

  8.                 </p></section><section class="section" title="About the C-l and P-l Tapes" epub:type="division" id="d0e2185"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">About the C-l and P-l Tapes</h4></div></div></div><p>The C-l and P-l tapes are your introduction to the Chinese words and
    9. 

  9.                     structures presented in each unit. The tapes give you explanations and practice
    10. 

  10.                     on the new material. By the time you have worked through these two tapes, you
    11. 

  11.                     will be competent in understanding and producing the expressions introduced in
    12. 

  12.                     the unit. </p><p>With the C-l tape, you learn to understand the new words and structures. The
    13. 

  13.                     material is presented in short conversational exchanges, first with English
    14. 

  14.                     translations and later with pauses which allow you to translate. Try to give a
    15. 

  15.                     complete English translation for each Chinese expression. Your goal when using
    16. 

  16.                     the C-l tape is to learn the meanings of all the words and structures as they
    17. 

  17.                     are used in the sentences.</p><p>With the P-l tape, you learn to put together these sentences. You learn to
    18. 

  18.                     pronounce each new word and use each new structure. When the recorded
    19. 

  19.                     instructions direct you to pronounce a word or say a sentence, do so out loud.
    20. 

  20.                     It is important for you to hear yourself speaking Chinese, so that you will know
    21. 

  21.                     whether you are pronouncing the words correctly. Making the effort to say the
    22. 

  22.                     expression is a big part of learning it. It is one thing to think about how a
    23. 

  23.                     sentence should be put together or how it should sound. It is another thing to
    24. 

  24.                     put it together that way or make it sound that way. Your goal when using the P-l
    25. 

  25.                     tape is to produce the Target List expressions in Chinese when given English
    26. 

  26.                     equivalents. At the end of each P-l tape is a review of the Target List which
    27. 

  27.                     you can go over until you have mastered the expressions.</p><p>At times, you may feel that the material on a tape is being presented too
    28. 

  28.                     fast. You may find that there is not enough time allowed for working out the
    29. 

  29.                     meaning of a sentence or saying a sentence the way you want to. When this
    30. 

  30.                     happens, stop the tape. If you want to, rewind; Use the control buttons on your
    31. 

  31.                     machine to make the tape manageable for you most and to get the most out of
    32. 

  32.                     it.</p></section><section class="section" title="About the Reference List and the Reference Notes" epub:type="division" id="d0e2197"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">About the Reference List and the Reference Notes</h4></div></div></div><p>The Reference List and the Reference Notes are designed to be used before,
    33. 

  33.                     during, or directly after work with the C-l and P-l tapes.</p><p>The Reference List is a summary of the C-l and P-l tapes. It contains all
    34. 

  34.                     sentences which introduce new material, shoving you both the Chinese sentences
    35. 

  35.                     written in romanization and their English equivalents. You will find that the
    36. 

  36.                     list is printed so that either the Chinese or the English can be covered to
    37. 

  37.                     allow you to test yourself on comprehension, production, or romanization of the
    38. 

  38.                     sentences.</p><p>The Reference Notes give you information about grammar, pronunciation, and
    39. 

  39.                     cultural usage. Some of these explanations duplicate what you hear on the C-l
    40. 

  40.                     and P-l tapes. Other explanations contain new information. </p><p>You may use the Reference List and Reference Notes in various ways. For
    41. 

  41.                     example, you may follow the Reference Notes as you listen to a tape, glancing at
    42. 

  42.                     an exchange or stopping to read a comment whenever you want to. Or you may look
    43. 

  43.                     through the Reference Notes before listening to a tape, and then use the
    44. 

  44.                     Reference List while you listen, to help you keep track of where you are.
    45. 

  45.                     Whichever way you decide to use these parts of a unit, remember that they are
    46. 

  46.                     reference materials. Don't rely on the translations and romanizations as
    47. 

  47.                     subtitles for the C-l tape or as cue cards for the P-l tape, for this would rob
    48. 

  48.                     you of your chance to develop listening and responding skills.</p></section><section class="section" title="About the Drills" epub:type="division" id="d0e2209"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">About the Drills</h4></div></div></div><p>The drills help you develop fluency, ease of response, and confidence. You can
    49. 

  49.                     go through the drills on your own, with the drill tapes, and the teacher may
    50. 

  50.                     take you through them in class as well. </p><p>Allow more than half an hour for a half-hour drill tape, since you will
    51. 

  51.                     usually need to go over all or parts of the tape more than once to get full
    52. 

  52.                     benefit from it. </p><p>The drills include many personal names, providing you with valuable
    53. 

  53.                     pronunciation practice. However, if you find the names more than you can handle
    54. 

  54.                     the first time through the tape, replace them with the pronoun <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tā</em></span> whenever possible. Similar
    55. 

  55.                     substitutions are often possible with place names. </p><p>Some of the drills involve sentences which you may find too long to understand
    56. 

  56.                     or produce on your first try, and you will need to rewind for another try.
    57. 

  57.                     Often, particularly the first time through a tape, you will find the pauses too
    58. 

  58.                     short, and you will need to stop the tape to give yourself more time. The
    59. 

  59.                     performance you should aim for with these tapes, however, is full comprehension
    60. 

  60.                     and full, fluent, and accurate production while the tape rolls. </p><p>The five basic types of drills are described below.</p><div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span class="bold"><strong>Substitution Drills</strong></span>: The teacher
    61. 

  61.                                 (T) gives a pattern sentence which the student (S) repeats. Then the
    62. 

  62.                                 teacher gives a word or phrase (a cue) which the student substitutes
    63. 

  63.                                 appropriately in the original sentence. The teacher follows
    64. 

  64.                                 immediately with a new cue.</p><div class="example" id="d0e2231"><div class="example-title">Example 1.1. Here is an English example of a substitution
    65. 

  65.                                         drill:</div><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: Are you an American?</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: Are you an American?</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: (cue) English</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: Are you English?</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: (cue) French </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: Are you French?</p></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p><span class="bold"><strong>Transformation Drills</strong></span>: On the
    66. 

  66.                                 basis of a model provided at the beginning of the drill, the student
    67. 

  67.                                 makes a certain change in each sentence the teacher says.</p><div class="example" id="d0e2258"><div class="example-title">Example 1.2. Here is an English example of a transformation drill, in
    68. 

  68.                                     which the student is changing affirmative sentences into
    69. 

  69.                                     negative ones:</div><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: I'm going to the bank. </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: I'm not going to the bank. </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: I'm going to the store. </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: I'm not going to the store.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Response Drills: On the basis of a model given at the beginning of
    70. 

  70.                                 the drill, the student responds to questions or remarks by the
    71. 

  71.                                 teacher as cued by the teacher.</p><div class="example" id="d0e2277"><div class="example-title">Example 1.3. Here is an English example of a response drill:</div><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: What is his name? (cue) Harris </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: His name is Harris.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: What is her name? (cue) Noss </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: Her name is Noss.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Expansion Drills: The student adds something to a pattern sentence
    72. 

  72.                                 as cued by the teacher.</p><div class="example" id="d0e2296"><div class="example-title">Example 1.4. Here is an English example of an expansion drill:</div><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: He isn't Chinese, (cue) Japanese.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: He isn't Chinese. He's Japanese. </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: She isn't German. (cue) French.</p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: She isn't German. She's French. </p></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Combination Drills: On the basis of a model given at the beginning
    73. 

  73.                                 of the drill, the student combines two phrases or sentences given by
    74. 

  74.                                 the teacher into a single utterance.</p><div class="example" id="d0e2315"><div class="example-title">Example 1.5. Here is an English example of a combination drill:</div><div class="example-contents"><div class="itemizedlist" epub:type="list"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: I am reading a book. John gave me the book. </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: I am reading a book which John gave me. </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>T: Mary bought a picture. I like the picture. </p></li><li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>S: Mary bought a picture which I like.</p></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ol></div></section></section><section class="section" title="References" epub:type="division" id="d0e2332"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">References</h3></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Reference list" epub:type="division" id="d0e2335"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Reference list</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col style="text-align: left; " class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>1.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shì
    75. 

  75.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who are you?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shì Wáng
    76. 

  76.                                         Dànián.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是王大年。</em></span></td><td>I'm <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    77. 

  77.                                         Dànián</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shì
    78. 

  78.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who are you?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shì Hú
    79. 

  79.                                         Měilíng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是胡美玲。</em></span></td><td>I'm <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    80. 

  80.                                         Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    81. 

  81.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    82. 

  82.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></td><td>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    83. 

  83.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>4.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    84. 

  84.                                         Mínglǐ.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></td><td>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    85. 

  85.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Hú
    86. 

  86.                                         Měilíng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是胡美玲。</em></span></td><td>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    87. 

  87.                                         Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>5.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ xìng
    88. 

  88.                                         shénme?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你姓什么？</em></span></td><td>What is your surname?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ xìng
    89. 

  89.                                         Wáng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我姓王。</em></span></td><td>My surname is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>6.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā xìng
    90. 

  90.                                         shénme?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他姓什么？</em></span></td><td>What is his surname?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā xìng
    91. 

  91.                                         Mǎ.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他姓马。</em></span></td><td>His surname is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>7.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    92. 

  92.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    93. 

  93.                                         xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span> .</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>8.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    94. 

  94.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ
    95. 

  95.                                         xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    96. 

  96.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>9.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng, tā
    97. 

  97.                                         shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ
    98. 

  98.                                         xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    99. 

  99.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>10.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng, tā shì
    100. 

  100.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生，他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Sir, who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    101. 

  101.                                         xiānsheng</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>11.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng, tā shì
    102. 

  102.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Sir, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    103. 

  103.                                         tàitai.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马太太。</em></span></td><td>She is Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>12.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng, tā
    104. 

  104.                                         shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ
    105. 

  105.                                         tàitai.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马明理太太。</em></span></td><td>She is Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    106. 

  106.                                         Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>13.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng, tā
    107. 

  107.                                         shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    108. 

  108.                                         xiǎojiě.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马小姐。</em></span></td><td>She is miss <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>14.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    109. 

  109.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ Mínglǐ
    110. 

  110.                                         tóngzhì.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理同志。</em></span></td><td>He is comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>15.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tóngzhì, tā shì
    111. 

  111.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Comrade, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Fāng
    112. 

  112.                                         Bǎolán.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是方宝兰。</em></span></td><td>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Fāng
    113. 

  113.                                         Bǎolán</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td style="text-align: left; "> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>16.</td><td>A:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tóngzhì, tā shì
    114. 

  114.                                         shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Comrade, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td style="text-align: left; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Fāng Bǎolán
    115. 

  115.                                         tóngzhì.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是方宝兰同志。</em></span></td><td>She is comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Fāng
    116. 

  116.                                         Bǎolán</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="Vocabulary" epub:type="division" id="d0e2897"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Vocabulary</h4></div></div></div><div class="striped"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">nĭ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你</em></span></td><td>you</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">谁</em></span></td><td>who</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shénme</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">什么</em></span></td><td>what</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">是</em></span></td><td>to be</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tā</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他，她，它</em></span></td><td>he, she, it</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tàitai</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">太太</em></span></td><td>Mrs., wife, married woman, lady</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tóngzhì</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志</em></span></td><td>comrade</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">wǒ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我</em></span></td><td>I</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiānsheng</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生</em></span></td><td>Mr., sir, husband, teacher</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiǎojiě
    117. 

  117.                                         (xiǎojie)</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">小姐</em></span></td><td>Miss, lady, daughter (polite)</td></tr><tr><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xìng</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">姓</em></span></td><td>to be surnamed</td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="Reference notes" epub:type="division" id="d0e3006"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Reference notes</h4></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Notes on № 1-4" epub:type="division" id="d0e3009"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on № 1-4</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>1.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    118. 

  118.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who are you?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Wáng
    119. 

  119.                                             Dànián.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是王大年。</em></span></td><td>I'm <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    120. 

  120.                                             Dànián</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>2.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    121. 

  121.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who are you?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Hú
    122. 

  122.                                             Měilíng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是胡美玲。</em></span></td><td>I'm <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    123. 

  123.                                             Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>3.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    124. 

  124.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    125. 

  125.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></td><td>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    126. 

  126.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>4.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    127. 

  127.                                             Mínglǐ.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></td><td>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    128. 

  128.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Hú
    129. 

  129.                                             Měilíng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是胡美玲。</em></span></td><td>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    130. 

  130.                                             Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span>
    131. 

  131.                         means "to be" in the sense of "to be someone or something," as in "I am
    132. 

  132.                         Daniel King." It expresses identity. (In Unit 4 you will learn a verb which
    133. 

  133.                         means "to be" in another sense, "to be somewhere," as in "I am in
    134. 

  134.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Bĕijĭng</em></span>." That
    135. 

  135.                         verb expresses location.) The verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span> is in the <span class="bold"><strong>Neutral
    136. 

  136.                             tone</strong></span> (with no accent mark) <span class="underline">except</span> when <span class="underline">emphasized</span>. </p><p>Unlike verbs in European languages, Chinese verbs do not distinguish
    137. 

  137.                         first, second, and third persons. A single form serves for all three
    138. 

  138.                             persons.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c4"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; " xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    139. 

  139.                                                 Dànián.</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; ">I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    140. 

  140.                                                 Dànián</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    141. 

  141.                                                 Měilíng.</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; ">You are <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    142. 

  142.                                                 Měilíng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    143. 

  143.                                                 MÍnglĭ.</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; ">He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    144. 

  144.                                                 MÍnglĭ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Later you will find that Chinese verbs do not distinguish singular and
    145. 

  145.                         plural, either, and that they do not distinguish past, present, and future
    146. 

  146.                         as such. You need to learn only one form for each verb. </p><p>The pronoun <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tā</em></span>
    147. 

  147.                         is equivalent to both "he" and "she." (and it), but the writing is
    148. 

  148.                         different: he ↠ <span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他</em></span> , she ↠
    149. 

  149.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她</em></span> , it ↠
    150. 

  150.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">它</em></span>.</p><p>The question <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nĭ shi
    151. 

  151.                             shéi?</em></span> is actually too direct for most situations,
    152. 

  152.                         although it is all right from teacher to student or from student to student
    153. 

  153.                         . (A more polite question is introduced in Unit 2.) </p><p>Unlike English, Chinese uses the same word order in questions as in
    154. 

  154.                             statements.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c4"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi?</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; ">Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    155. 

  155.                                                 Mínglǐ?</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; ">He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    156. 

  156.                                                 Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>When you answer a question containing a question word like <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi</em></span>. "who," simply replace
    157. 

  157.                         the question word with the information it asks for.</p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on № 5-6" epub:type="division" id="d0e3290"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on № 5-6</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>5.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ xìng
    158. 

  158.                                             shénme?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你姓什么？</em></span></td><td>What is your surname?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ xìng
    159. 

  159.                                             Wáng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我姓王。</em></span></td><td>My surname is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>6.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā xìng
    160. 

  160.                                             shénme?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他姓什么？</em></span></td><td>What is his surname?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā xìng
    161. 

  161.                                             Mǎ.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他姓马。</em></span></td><td>His surname is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xìng</em></span> is a verb,
    162. 

  162.                         "to be surnamed." It is in the same position in the sentence as
    163. 

  163.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span>, "to
    164. 

  164.                             be."</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    165. 

  165.                                                 Dànián.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">I</td><td style="text-align: center; ">am</td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    166. 

  166.                                                 Dànián.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xìng</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">I</td><td style="text-align: center; ">am surnamed</td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Notice that the question word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shénme</em></span>. "What," takes the same position as the question
    167. 

  167.                         word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi</em></span>
    168. 

  168.                             "who."</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéi?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">You</td><td style="text-align: center; ">are</td><td style="text-align: center; ">who?</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xìng</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shénme?</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; ">You</td><td style="text-align: center; ">are surnamed</td><td style="text-align: center; ">what?</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Shénme</em></span> is the
    169. 

  169.                         official spelling. However, the word is pronounced as if it were spelled
    170. 

  170.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shémma</em></span>, or
    171. 

  171.                         even <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shéma</em></span> (often
    172. 

  172.                         with a single rise in pitch extending over both syllables.) Before another
    173. 

  173.                         word which begins with a consonant sound, it is usually pronounced as if it
    174. 

  174.                         were spelled <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shém</em></span>.
    175. 

  175.                     </p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on № 7-8" epub:type="division" id="d0e3486"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on № 7-8</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>7.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    176. 

  176.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    177. 

  177.                                             xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span> .</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>8.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    178. 

  178.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    179. 

  179.                                             Mínglǐ xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    180. 

  180.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>After the verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span> you may have the full name alone, the surname plus
    181. 

  181.                         title, or the full name plus title.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; "><colgroup><col style="text-align: center; " class="c1"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c2"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c3"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c4"/><col style="text-align: center; " class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mínglĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "> </td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "> </td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng.</em></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mínglĭ</em></span></td><td style="text-align: center; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng.</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng</em></span>,
    182. 

  182.                         literally "first-born," has more of a connotation of respectfulness than
    183. 

  183.                         "Mr." <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng</em></span> is
    184. 

  184.                         usually applied only to people other than oneself. Do not use the title
    185. 

  185.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng</em></span> (or
    186. 

  186.                         any other respectful title, such as <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiàoshòu</em></span>, "Professor" when
    187. 

  187.                         giving your own name. If you want to say "I am Mr. Jones," you may say
    188. 

  188.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ xìng
    189. 

  189.                         Jones</em></span>.</p><p>When a name and title name are said together, logically enough it is the
    190. 

  190.                         name which gets the heavy stress: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">WÁNG Xiānsheng</em></span>, You will often hear the title
    191. 

  191.                         pronounced with no full tones: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">WÁNG Xiansheng</em></span>.</p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on № 9-12" epub:type="division" id="d0e3641"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on № 9-12</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>9.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng,
    192. 

  192.                                             tā shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    193. 

  193.                                             Mínglǐ xiānsheng.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    194. 

  194.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>10.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng, tā
    195. 

  195.                                             shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生，他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Sir, who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    196. 

  196.                                             xiānsheng</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></td><td>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>11.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng, tā
    197. 

  197.                                             shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Sir, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    198. 

  198.                                             tàitai.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马太太。</em></span></td><td>She is Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>12.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng,
    199. 

  199.                                             tā shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    200. 

  200.                                             Mínglǐ tàitai.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马明理太太。</em></span></td><td>She is Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    201. 

  201.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>When you address someone directly, use either the name plus the title or
    202. 

  202.                         the title alone. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Xiānsheng</em></span> must be translated as "Sir" when it is used
    203. 

  203.                         alone, since "Mr." would not capture its respectful tone. (<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tàitai</em></span>, however, is less
    204. 

  204.                         respectful when used alone. You should address Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span> as <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ tàitai</em></span>.)</p></section><section class="section" title="Notes on № 13-16" epub:type="division" id="d0e3803"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">Notes on № 13-16</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="c3"/><col class="c4"/><col class="c5"/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>13.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng xiānsheng,
    205. 

  205.                                             tā shì shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王先生，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng</em></span>, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    206. 

  206.                                             xiǎojiě.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是马小姐。</em></span></td><td>She is miss <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>14.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì
    207. 

  207.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></td><td>Who is he?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Mǎ
    208. 

  208.                                             Mínglǐ tóngzhì.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理同志。</em></span></td><td>He is comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mínglǐ</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>15.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tóngzhì, tā shì
    209. 

  209.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Comrade, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Fāng
    210. 

  210.                                             Bǎolán.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是方宝兰。</em></span></td><td>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Fāng
    211. 

  211.                                             Bǎolán</em></span>.</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>16.</td><td>A:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tóngzhì, tā shì
    212. 

  212.                                             shéi?</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">同志，她是谁？</em></span></td><td>Comrade, who is she?</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>B:</td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shì Fāng
    213. 

  213.                                             Bǎolán tóngzhì.</em></span></td><td><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是方宝兰同志。</em></span></td><td>She is comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Fāng Bǎolán</em></span>.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>See the Background Notes on Chinese Personal Names and Titles for
    214. 

  214.                             <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">tóngzhì</em></span>.
    215. 

  215.                         "Comrade," and the use of maiden names.</p></section></section></section><section class="section" title="Drills" epub:type="division" id="d0e3953"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">Drills</h3></div></div></div><section class="section" title="Substitution drill." epub:type="division" id="d0e3956"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Substitution drill.</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="newCol3"/><col class="c3"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th bgcolor="#b3d9ff"/><th style="text-align: center; " bgcolor="#b3d9ff">Cue</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center; " bgcolor="#b3d9ff">Answer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    216. 

  216.                                     <p>1.</p>
    217. 

  217.                                 </td><td>
    218. 

  218.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    219. 

  219.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span></p>
    220. 

  220.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">马明理</em></span></p>
    221. 

  221.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    222. 

  222.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    223. 

  223.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span></p>
    224. 

  224.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马明理。</em></span></p>
    225. 

  225.                                     <p>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    226. 

  226.                                             Mínglǐ</em></span>.</p>
    227. 

  227.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    228. 

  228.                                     <p>2.</p>
    229. 

  229.                                 </td><td>
    230. 

  230.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    231. 

  231.                                             Měilíng</em></span></p>
    232. 

  232.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">胡美玲</em></span></p>
    233. 

  233.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    234. 

  234.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Hú
    235. 

  235.                                             Měilíng</em></span></p>
    236. 

  236.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是胡美玲。</em></span></p>
    237. 

  237.                                     <p>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    238. 

  238.                                             Měilíng</em></span>.</p>
    239. 

  239.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    240. 

  240.                                     <p>3.</p>
    241. 

  241.                                 </td><td>
    242. 

  242.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    243. 

  243.                                             Dànián</em></span></p>
    244. 

  244.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王大年</em></span></p>
    245. 

  245.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    246. 

  246.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Wáng
    247. 

  247.                                             Dànián</em></span></p>
    248. 

  248.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是王大年。</em></span></p>
    249. 

  249.                                     <p>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    250. 

  250.                                             Dànián</em></span>.</p>
    251. 

  251.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    252. 

  252.                                     <p>4.</p>
    253. 

  253.                                 </td><td>
    254. 

  254.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Lǐ
    255. 

  255.                                             Shìmín</em></span></p>
    256. 

  256.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">李世民</em></span></p>
    257. 

  257.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    258. 

  258.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Lǐ
    259. 

  259.                                             Shìmín</em></span></p>
    260. 

  260.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是李世民。</em></span></p>
    261. 

  261.                                     <p>He is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Lǐ
    262. 

  262.                                             Shìmín</em></span>.</p>
    263. 

  263.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    264. 

  264.                                     <p>5.</p>
    265. 

  265.                                 </td><td>
    266. 

  266.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    267. 

  267.                                             Lìróng</em></span></p>
    268. 

  268.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">刘丽容</em></span></p>
    269. 

  269.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    270. 

  270.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Liú
    271. 

  271.                                             Lìróng</em></span></p>
    272. 

  272.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是刘丽容。</em></span></p>
    273. 

  273.                                     <p>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    274. 

  274.                                             Lìróng</em></span>.</p>
    275. 

  275.                                 </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    276. 

  276.                                     <p>6.</p>
    277. 

  277.                                 </td><td>
    278. 

  278.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng
    279. 

  279.                                             Bǎolán</em></span></p>
    280. 

  280.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">张宝兰</em></span></p>
    281. 

  281.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    282. 

  282.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Zhāng
    283. 

  283.                                             Bǎolán.</em></span></p>
    284. 

  284.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是张宝兰。</em></span></p>
    285. 

  285.                                     <p>She is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng
    286. 

  286.                                             Bǎolán</em></span>.</p>
    287. 

  287.                                 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="Response Drill" epub:type="division" id="d0e4209"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Response Drill</h4></div></div></div><p>When the cue is given by a male speaker, male students should respond. When
    288. 

  288.                     the cue is given by a female speaker, female students should respond.</p><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="newCol3"/><col class="c3"/><col class="newCol5"/><col class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th bgcolor="#b3d9ff"/><th style="text-align: center; " bgcolor="#b3d9ff">Question</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center; " bgcolor="#b3d9ff">Cue</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center; " bgcolor="#b3d9ff">Answer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    289. 

  289.                                     <p>1.</p>
    290. 

  290.                                 </td><td>
    291. 

  291.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    292. 

  292.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    293. 

  293.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    294. 

  294.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    295. 

  295.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    296. 

  296.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    297. 

  297.                                             Dànián</em></span></p>
    298. 

  298.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">王大年</em></span></p>
    299. 

  299.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    300. 

  300.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Wáng
    301. 

  301.                                             Dànián</em></span></p>
    302. 

  302.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是王大年。</em></span></p>
    303. 

  303.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wáng
    304. 

  304.                                             Dànián</em></span>.</p>
    305. 

  305.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    306. 

  306.                                     <p>2.</p>
    307. 

  307.                                 </td><td>
    308. 

  308.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    309. 

  309.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    310. 

  310.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    311. 

  311.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    312. 

  312.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    313. 

  313.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    314. 

  314.                                             Měilíng</em></span></p>
    315. 

  315.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">胡美玲</em></span></p>
    316. 

  316.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    317. 

  317.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Hú
    318. 

  318.                                             Měilíng.</em></span></p>
    319. 

  319.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是胡美玲。</em></span></p>
    320. 

  320.                                     <p> I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    321. 

  321.                                             Měilíng</em></span>.</p>
    322. 

  322.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    323. 

  323.                                     <p>3.</p>
    324. 

  324.                                 </td><td>
    325. 

  325.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    326. 

  326.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    327. 

  327.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    328. 

  328.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    329. 

  329.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    330. 

  330.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    331. 

  331.                                             Shìmín</em></span></p>
    332. 

  332.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">李世民</em></span></p>
    333. 

  333.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    334. 

  334.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Liú
    335. 

  335.                                             Shìmín.</em></span></p>
    336. 

  336.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是李世民。</em></span></p>
    337. 

  337.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    338. 

  338.                                             Shìmín</em></span>.</p>
    339. 

  339.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    340. 

  340.                                     <p>4.</p>
    341. 

  341.                                 </td><td>
    342. 

  342.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    343. 

  343.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    344. 

  344.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    345. 

  345.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    346. 

  346.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    347. 

  347.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Chén
    348. 

  348.                                             Huìrán</em></span></p>
    349. 

  349.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">陈蕙然</em></span></p>
    350. 

  350.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    351. 

  351.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Chén
    352. 

  352.                                             Huìrán.</em></span></p>
    353. 

  353.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是陈蕙然。</em></span></p>
    354. 

  354.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Chén
    355. 

  355.                                             Huìrán</em></span>.</p>
    356. 

  356.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    357. 

  357.                                     <p>5.</p>
    358. 

  358.                                 </td><td>
    359. 

  359.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    360. 

  360.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    361. 

  361.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    362. 

  362.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    363. 

  363.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    364. 

  364.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Huáng
    365. 

  365.                                             Déxián</em></span></p>
    366. 

  366.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">黄德贤</em></span></p>
    367. 

  367.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    368. 

  368.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Huáng
    369. 

  369.                                             Déxián.</em></span></p>
    370. 

  370.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是黄德贤。</em></span></p>
    371. 

  371.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Huáng
    372. 

  372.                                             Déxián</em></span>.</p>
    373. 

  373.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    374. 

  374.                                     <p>6.</p>
    375. 

  375.                                 </td><td>
    376. 

  376.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    377. 

  377.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    378. 

  378.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    379. 

  379.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    380. 

  380.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    381. 

  381.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào
    382. 

  382.                                             Wǎnrú</em></span></p>
    383. 

  383.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">赵婉如</em></span></p>
    384. 

  384.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    385. 

  385.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Zhào
    386. 

  386.                                             Wǎnrú.</em></span></p>
    387. 

  387.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是赵婉如。</em></span></p>
    388. 

  388.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào
    389. 

  389.                                             Wǎnrú</em></span>.</p>
    390. 

  390.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    391. 

  391.                                     <p>7.</p>
    392. 

  392.                                 </td><td>
    393. 

  393.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    394. 

  394.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    395. 

  395.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    396. 

  396.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    397. 

  397.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    398. 

  398.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiǎng
    399. 

  399.                                             Bǐngyíng</em></span></p>
    400. 

  400.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">蒋冰莹</em></span></p>
    401. 

  401.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    402. 

  402.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Jiǎng
    403. 

  403.                                             Bǐngyíng.</em></span></p>
    404. 

  404.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是蒋冰莹。</em></span></p>
    405. 

  405.                                     <p>I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiǎng
    406. 

  406.                                             Bǐngyíng</em></span>.</p>
    407. 

  407.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    408. 

  408.                                     <p>8.</p>
    409. 

  409.                                 </td><td>
    410. 

  410.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi
    411. 

  411.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    412. 

  412.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">你是谁？</em></span></p>
    413. 

  413.                                     <p>Who are you? </p>
    414. 

  414.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    415. 

  415.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Gāo
    416. 

  416.                                             Yǒngpíng</em></span></p>
    417. 

  417.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">局永平</em></span></p>
    418. 

  418.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    419. 

  419.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ shi Gāo
    420. 

  420.                                             Yǒngpíng.</em></span></p>
    421. 

  421.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">我是局永平。</em></span></p>
    422. 

  422.                                     <p> I am <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Gāo
    423. 

  423.                                             Yǒngpíng</em></span>.</p>
    424. 

  424.                                 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></section><section class="section" title="Response drill." epub:type="division" id="d0e4626"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">Response drill.</h4></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table style="border: none;"><colgroup><col class="c1"/><col class="c2"/><col class="newCol3"/><col class="c3"/><col class="newCol5"/><col class="c4"/></colgroup><thead><tr><th bgcolor="#b3d9ff"/><th style="text-align: center; " bgcolor="#b3d9ff">Question</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center; " bgcolor="#b3d9ff">Cue</th><th> </th><th style="text-align: center; " bgcolor="#b3d9ff">Answer</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td>
    425. 

  425.                                     <p>1.</p>
    426. 

  426.                                 </td><td>
    427. 

  427.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    428. 

  428.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    429. 

  429.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></p>
    430. 

  430.                                     <p>Who is he? </p>
    431. 

  431.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    432. 

  432.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    433. 

  433.                                             xiānsheng</em></span></p>
    434. 

  434.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">马先生</em></span></p>
    435. 

  435.                                     <p>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></p>
    436. 

  436.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    437. 

  437.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    438. 

  438.                                             xiānsheng.</em></span></p>
    439. 

  439.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生。</em></span></p>
    440. 

  440.                                     <p>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</p>
    441. 

  441.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    442. 

  442.                                     <p>2.</p>
    443. 

  443.                                 </td><td>
    444. 

  444.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    445. 

  445.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    446. 

  446.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是谁？</em></span></p>
    447. 

  447.                                     <p>Who is she?</p>
    448. 

  448.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    449. 

  449.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú
    450. 

  450.                                             tàitai</em></span></p>
    451. 

  451.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">胡太太</em></span></p>
    452. 

  452.                                     <p>Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú</em></span></p>
    453. 

  453.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    454. 

  454.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Hú
    455. 

  455.                                             tàitai.</em></span></p>
    456. 

  456.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是胡太太。</em></span></p>
    457. 

  457.                                     <p> She is Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Hú</em></span>.</p>
    458. 

  458.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    459. 

  459.                                     <p>3.</p>
    460. 

  460.                                 </td><td>
    461. 

  461.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    462. 

  462.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    463. 

  463.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></p>
    464. 

  464.                                     <p>Who is he? </p>
    465. 

  465.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    466. 

  466.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Máo
    467. 

  467.                                             xiānsheng</em></span></p>
    468. 

  468.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">毛先生</em></span></p>
    469. 

  469.                                     <p>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Máo</em></span></p>
    470. 

  470.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    471. 

  471.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Máo
    472. 

  472.                                             xiānsheng.</em></span></p>
    473. 

  473.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是毛先生。</em></span></p>
    474. 

  474.                                     <p>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Máo</em></span>.</p>
    475. 

  475.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    476. 

  476.                                     <p>4.</p>
    477. 

  477.                                 </td><td>
    478. 

  478.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    479. 

  479.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    480. 

  480.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></p>
    481. 

  481.                                     <p>Who is he? </p>
    482. 

  482.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    483. 

  483.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng
    484. 

  484.                                             tóngzhì</em></span></p>
    485. 

  485.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">张同志</em></span></p>
    486. 

  486.                                     <p>Comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng</em></span></p>
    487. 

  487.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    488. 

  488.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Zhāng
    489. 

  489.                                             tōngzhì.</em></span></p>
    490. 

  490.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是张同志。</em></span></p>
    491. 

  491.                                     <p>He is Comrade <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhāng</em></span>.</p>
    492. 

  492.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    493. 

  493.                                     <p>5.</p>
    494. 

  494.                                 </td><td>
    495. 

  495.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    496. 

  496.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    497. 

  497.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是谁？</em></span></p>
    498. 

  498.                                     <p>Who is she?</p>
    499. 

  499.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    500. 

  500.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú
    501. 

  501.                                             xiǎojiě</em></span></p>
    502. 

  502.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">刘小姐</em></span></p>
    503. 

  503.                                     <p>Miss <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú</em></span></p>
    504. 

  504.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    505. 

  505.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Liú
    506. 

  506.                                             xiǎojiě.</em></span></p>
    507. 

  507.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是刘小姐。</em></span></p>
    508. 

  508.                                     <p> She is Miss <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Liú</em></span>.</p>
    509. 

  509.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    510. 

  510.                                     <p>6.</p>
    511. 

  511.                                 </td><td>
    512. 

  512.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    513. 

  513.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    514. 

  514.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是谁？</em></span></p>
    515. 

  515.                                     <p>Who is he? </p>
    516. 

  516.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    517. 

  517.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ
    518. 

  518.                                             xiānsheng</em></span></p>
    519. 

  519.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">马先生</em></span></p>
    520. 

  520.                                     <p>Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span></p>
    521. 

  521.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    522. 

  522.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Mǎ
    523. 

  523.                                             xiānsheng.</em></span></p>
    524. 

  524.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">他是马先生</em></span></p>
    525. 

  525.                                     <p>He is Mr. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Mǎ</em></span>.</p>
    526. 

  526.                                 </td></tr><tr><td>
    527. 

  527.                                     <p>7.</p>
    528. 

  528.                                 </td><td>
    529. 

  529.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi
    530. 

  530.                                             shéi?</em></span></p>
    531. 

  531.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是谁？</em></span></p>
    532. 

  532.                                     <p>Who is she? </p>
    533. 

  533.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    534. 

  534.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào
    535. 

  535.                                             tàitai</em></span></p>
    536. 

  536.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">赵太太</em></span></p>
    537. 

  537.                                     <p>Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào</em></span></p>
    538. 

  538.                                 </td><td> </td><td>
    539. 

  539.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi Zhào
    540. 

  540.                                             tàitai.</em></span></p>
    541. 

  541.                                     <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">她是赵太太。</em></span></p>
    542. 

  542.                                     <p>She is Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Zhào</em></span>.</p>
    543. 

  543.                                 </td></tr></tbody></table></div></section></section></section><footer/></body></html>
    544.