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  3.    <title xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng">Unit 5</title><meta xmlns:ng="http://docbook.org/docbook-ng" name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Standard Chinese"><link rel="up" href="ch02.html" title="Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Module 2: Biographic Information"><link rel="prev" href="ch02s14.html" title="Unit 4"><link rel="next" href="ch02s16.html" title="Unit 6"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Unit 5</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s14.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Module 2: Biographic Information</th><td width="20%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch02s16.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="d5e28226"></a>Unit 5</h2></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e28229"></a>Introduction</h3></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e28232"></a>Topics covered in this unit</h4></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>Date and Place of birth.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Days of the week.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>Ages.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The marker <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span> for new situations.</p></li></ol></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e28244"></a>Material you will need</h4></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><p>The C-1 and P-1 tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The C-2 and P-2 tapes.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>The 5D-1 tape.</p></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e28253"></a>References</h3></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e28256"></a>Reference List</h4></div></div></div><p></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">1.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Andesen F&#363;ren, n&#464;
    4. 

  4.                                         sh&igrave; z&agrave;i n&#462;r sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#23433;&#24503;&#26862;&#22827;&#20154;&#65292;&#20320;&#26159;&#22312;&#21738;&#20799;&#29983;&#30340;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>Mrs. Andersen, where were you born?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; sh&igrave; z&agrave;i D&eacute;zh&#333;u
    5. 

  5.                                         sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#26159;&#22312;&#24471;&#24030;&#29983;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I was born in Texas.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">2.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464;men sh&igrave; X&#299;ngq&#299;s&igrave;
    6. 

  6.                                         d&agrave;ode ma?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#20204;&#26159;&#26143;&#26399;&#22235;&#21040;&#30340;&#21527;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>Did you arrive on Thursday?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">B&uacute; sh&igrave;, w&#466;men sh&igrave;
    7. 

  7.                                         X&#299;ngq&#299;w&#468; d&agrave;ode.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#19981;&#26159;&#65292;&#25105;&#20204;&#26159;&#26143;&#26399;&#20116;&#21040;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>No, we arrived on Friday.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">3.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464;men x&#299;ngq&#299;j&#464;
    8. 

  8.                                         z&#466;u?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#20204;&#26143;&#26399;&#20960;&#36208;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>What day of the week are you leaving?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466;men X&#299;ngq&#299;ti&#257;n
    9. 

  9.                                         z&#466;u.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#20204;&#26143;&#26399;&#22825;&#36208;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>We are leaving on Sunday.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">4.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; sh&igrave; n&#283;ini&aacute;n
    10. 

  10.                                         sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#26159;&#21738;&#24180;&#29983;&#30340;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>What year are you born?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; sh&igrave; Y&#299; ji&#468; s&#257;n
    11. 

  11.                                         ji&#468; ni&aacute;n sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#26159;&#19968;&#20061;&#19977;&#20061;&#24180;&#29983;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I was born in 1939.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">5.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; sh&igrave; j&#464;y&uuml;&egrave;
    12. 

  12.                                         sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#26159;&#20960;&#26376;&#29983;&#30340;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>What month were you born?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; sh&igrave; Q&iacute;y&uuml;&egrave;
    13. 

  13.                                         sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#26159;&#19971;&#26376;&#29983;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I was born in July.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">6.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; sh&igrave; j&#464;h&agrave;o
    14. 

  14.                                         sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#26159;&#20960;&#21495;&#29983;&#30340;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>What day of the month were you born?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; sh&igrave; S&igrave;h&agrave;o
    15. 

  15.                                         sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#26159;&#22235;&#21495;&#29983;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I was born on the fourth.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">7.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; du&oacute; d&agrave;
    16. 

  16.                                         le?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#22810;&#22823;&#20102;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>How old are you?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; &egrave;r shi s&igrave;
    17. 

  17.                                         le.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#20108;&#21313;&#22235;&#20102;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I'm 24.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">8.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; du&oacute; d&agrave;
    18. 

  18.                                         le?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#22810;&#22823;&#20102;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>How old are you?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; s&#257;n shi w&#468;
    19. 

  19.                                         le.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#19977;&#21313;&#20116;&#20102;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I'm 35.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">9.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464;men n&#474;h&aacute;izi j&#464;su&igrave;
    20. 

  20.                                         le?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#20204;&#22899;&#23401;&#23376;&#20960;&#23681;&#20102;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>How old is your girl?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">T&#257; b&aacute;su&igrave;
    21. 

  21.                                         le.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#22905;&#20843;&#23681;&#20102;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>She's eight years old.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">10.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464;men n&aacute;nh&aacute;izi d&#333;u
    22. 

  22.                                         j&#464;su&igrave; le?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#20204;&#30007;&#23401;&#23376;&#37117;&#20960;&#23681;&#20102;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>How old are your boys?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Y&iacute;ge ji&#468;su&igrave; le,
    23. 

  23.                                         y&iacute;ge li&ugrave;su&igrave; le.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#19968;&#20010;&#20061;&#23681;&#20102;&#65292;&#12288;&#19968;&#20010;&#20845;&#23681;&#20102;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>One is nine, and one is six.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e28481"></a>Vocabulary</h4></div></div></div><p></p><div class="striped"><table class="striped" border="0"><colgroup><col class="col1"><col class="col2"><col class="col3"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">du&oacute;
    24. 

  24.                                         d&agrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#22810;&#22823;</em></span></td><td>how old</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">h&ograve;uni&aacute;n
    25. 

  25.                                         (h&ograve;unian)</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#21518;&#24180;</em></span></td><td>the year after next</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#464;h&agrave;o</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20960;&#21495;</em></span></td><td>what day of the month?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#299;nni&aacute;n
    26. 

  26.                                         (j&#299;nnian)</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20170;&#24180;</em></span></td><td>this year</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#464;su&igrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20960;&#23681;</em></span></td><td>how old</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#464;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20960;&#26376;</em></span></td><td>what month</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">m&iacute;ngni&aacute;n
    27. 

  27.                                         (m&iacute;ngnian)</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26126;&#24180;</em></span></td><td>next year</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">n&#283;ini&aacute;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#21738;&#24180;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>which year</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">ni&aacute;nni&aacute;n
    28. 

  28.                                         (ni&aacute;nnian)</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#24180;&#24180;</em></span></td><td>every year</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">qi&aacute;nni&aacute;n
    29. 

  29.                                         (qi&aacute;nnian)</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#21069;&#24180;</em></span></td><td>the year before last</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">q&#476;ni&aacute;n
    30. 

  30.                                         (q&#476;nian)</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#21435;&#24180;</em></span></td><td>last year</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&agrave;ngge
    31. 

  31.                                         y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#19978;&#20010;&#26376;</em></span></td><td>last month</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&#275;ng</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#29983;</em></span></td><td>to be born</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-su&igrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#23681;</em></span></td><td>year (of age)</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xi&agrave;ge
    32. 

  32.                                         y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#19979;&#20010;&#26376;</em></span></td><td>next month</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">X&#299;ngq&#299;&egrave;r</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26143;&#26399;&#20108;</em></span></td><td>Tuesday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;j&#464;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26143;&#26399;&#20960;</em></span></td><td>what day of the week</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">X&#299;ngq&#299;li&ugrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26143;&#26399;&#20845;</em></span></td><td>Saturday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">X&#299;ngq&#299;s&#257;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26143;&#26399;&#19977;</em></span></td><td>Wednesday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">X&#299;ngq&#299;s&igrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26143;&#26399;&#22235;</em></span></td><td>Thursday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">X&#299;ngq&#299;ti&#257;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26143;&#26399;&#26085;&#65292;&#26143;&#26399;&#22825;</em></span></td><td>Sunday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">X&#299;ngq&#299;w&#468;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26143;&#26399;&#20116;</em></span></td><td>Friday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">X&#299;ngq&#299;y&#299;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#26143;&#26399;&#19968;</em></span></td><td>Monday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zhe&igrave;ge
    33. 

  33.                                         y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#36825;&#20010;&#26376;</em></span></td><td>this month</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e28634"></a>Reference Notes</h4></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e28637"></a>Notes on &#8470;1</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">1.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Andesen F&#363;ren,
    34. 

  34.                                             n&#464; sh&igrave; z&agrave;i n&#462;r sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#23433;&#24503;&#26862;&#22827;&#20154;&#65292;&#20320;&#26159;&#22312;&#21738;&#20799;&#29983;&#30340;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>Mrs. Andersen, where were you born?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; sh&igrave; z&agrave;i
    35. 

  35.                                             D&eacute;zh&#333;u sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#26159;&#22312;&#24471;&#24030;&#29983;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I was born in Texas.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&igrave;...de</em></span>
    36. 

  36.                         construction is used to focus on place expressions as well as on time and
    37. 

  37.                         manner expressions.</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"><col class="c3"><col class="c4"><col class="c5"><col class="c6"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">z&agrave;i
    38. 

  38.                                                 M&#283;igu&oacute;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&#275;ng</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-de.</em></span></td><td>I was born in America. WHERE</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zu&oacute;ti&#257;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">d&agrave;o</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-de.</em></span></td><td>I arrived yesterday. WHEN</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466;</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">y&iacute;ge
    39. 

  39.                                                 r&eacute;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">l&aacute;i</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-de.</em></span></td><td>I came alone. HOW</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e28710"></a>Notes on &#8470;2-3</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">2.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464;men sh&igrave;
    40. 

  40.                                             X&#299;ngq&#299;s&igrave; d&agrave;ode ma?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#20204;&#26159;&#26143;&#26399;&#22235;&#21040;&#30340;&#21527;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>Did you arrive on Thursday?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">B&uacute; sh&igrave;, w&#466;men
    41. 

  41.                                             sh&igrave; X&#299;ngq&#299;w&#468; d&agrave;ode.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#19981;&#26159;&#65292;&#25105;&#20204;&#26159;&#26143;&#26399;&#20116;&#21040;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>No, we arrived on Friday.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">3.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464;men x&#299;ngq&#299;j&#464;
    42. 

  42.                                             z&#466;u?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#20204;&#26143;&#26399;&#20960;&#36208;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>What day of the week are you leaving?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466;men
    43. 

  43.                                             X&#299;ngq&#299;ti&#257;n z&#466;u.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#20204;&#26143;&#26399;&#22825;&#36208;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>We are leaving on Sunday.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Days of the week:</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;j&#464;</em></span></td><td>What day of the week?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;y&#299;</em></span></td><td>Monday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;&egrave;r</em></span></td><td>Tuesday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;s&agrave;n</em></span></td><td>Wednesday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;s&igrave;</em></span></td><td>Thursday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xingq&#299;w&#468;</em></span></td><td>Friday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;li&ugrave;</em></span></td><td>Saturday</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;ti&#257;n</em></span></td><td>Sunday</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Until now, you have always seen <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#464;</em></span>, "how many," at the beginning of a word
    44. 

  44.                             (<span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#464;ge h&aacute;izi, j&#464;w&egrave;i xi&#257;nsheng,
    45. 

  45.                             j&#464;h&agrave;o</em></span>). In <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;j&#464;</em></span>, <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-j&#464;</em></span> is at the end of the word. In both places, occupies
    46. 

  46.                         the position of a number and acts like a number: <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">x&#299;ngq&#299;j&#464;</em></span>, "What number day of
    47. 

  47.                         the week?"</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e28803"></a>Notes on &#8470;4</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">4.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; sh&igrave; n&#283;ini&aacute;n
    48. 

  48.                                             sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#26159;&#21738;&#24180;&#29983;&#30340;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>What year are you born?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; sh&igrave; Y&#299; ji&#468;
    49. 

  49.                                             s&#257;n ji&#468; ni&aacute;n sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#26159;&#19968;&#20061;&#19977;&#20061;&#24180;&#29983;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I was born in 1939.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The word for "year," -<span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">ni&aacute;n</em></span> is a bound word (like the word for "day,"
    50. 

  50.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ti&#257;n</em></span>). The
    51. 

  51.                         question word <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">n&#283;ini&aacute;n</em></span>, "which year," is formed with the bound word
    52. 

  52.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">n&#283;i</em></span>
    53. 

  53.                         "which."</p><p>The year is given as a sequence of digits, so that 1972, <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Y&#299;ji&#468;q&#299;&egrave;rni&aacute;n</em></span> would literally
    54. 

  54.                         be "one-nine-seven-two year." In a sequence of digits, the word
    55. 

  55.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">&egrave;r-</em></span> (not
    56. 

  56.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">li&#462;ng-</em></span> is used
    57. 

  57.                         for 2, and the words for 1, T, and 8 keep their basic high tones. (See notes
    58. 

  58.                         on No. 10 for cases in which these tones change.)</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e28838"></a>Notes on &#8470;5</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">5.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; sh&igrave; j&#464;y&uuml;&egrave;
    59. 

  59.                                             sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#26159;&#20960;&#26376;&#29983;&#30340;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>What month were you born?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; sh&igrave; Q&iacute;y&uuml;&egrave;
    60. 

  60.                                             sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#26159;&#19971;&#26376;&#29983;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I was born in July.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span class="bold"><strong>Months:</strong></span></p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"><col class="c3"><col class="c4"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#464;y&uuml;&egrave;?</em></span></td><td>What month?</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">y&iacute;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>January</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">q&iacute;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>July</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">&egrave;ry&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>February</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">b&aacute;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>August</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">s&#257;ny&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>March</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">ji&#468;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>September</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">s&igrave;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>April</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&iacute;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>October</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">w&#468;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>May</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&#464;y&#299;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>November</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">li&ugrave;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>June</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&iacute;&egrave;ry&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td>December</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Since the names of the months are formed with numbers, <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#464;-</em></span> "how many," is the
    61. 

  61.                         appropriate question word to use for "what month." <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">J&#464;-</em></span> is used in <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">B&#283;ij&#299;ng</em></span> to ask for a number
    62. 

  62.                         expected to be around 10 or 11. </p><p>Notice the tones on the words for 1, 7 and 8, which most Peking speakers
    63. 

  63.                         pronounce as Rising before Falling-tone words such as <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span>. The syllable
    64. 

  64.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-y&#299;-</em></span> in the
    65. 

  65.                         word for "November," however, is usually pronounced with the High tone:
    66. 

  66.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&iacute;y&#299;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span> (See
    67. 

  67.                         the notes on No, 10 for a summary of tone changes.)</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e28929"></a>Notes on &#8470;6</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">6.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; sh&igrave; j&#464;h&agrave;o
    68. 

  68.                                             sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#26159;&#20960;&#21495;&#29983;&#30340;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>What day of the month were you born?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; sh&igrave; S&igrave;h&agrave;o
    69. 

  69.                                             sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#26159;&#22235;&#21495;&#29983;&#30340;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I was born on the fourth.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>Days of the month are expressed by the number of the day followed by the
    70. 

  70.                         bound word <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ha&ograve;</em></span>.
    71. 

  71.                         You will remember that <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-h&agrave;o</em></span> is also used in giving addresses. </p><p>In asking about days of the month, "how many," is used, even though the
    72. 

  72.                         question may be answered by a number as high as 31. The month and day of the
    73. 

  73.                         month may be given together. For example:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; shi j&#464;y&uuml;&egrave;
    74. 

  74.                                             j&#464;h&agrave;o sh&#275;ngde?</em></span></td><td>What is your month and day of birth?</td></tr><tr><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; shi b&#257;y&uuml;&egrave;
    75. 

  75.                                             ji&#468;h&agrave;o sh&#275;ngde.</em></span></td><td>I was born on August 9.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e28972"></a>Notes on &#8470;7-8</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">7.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; du&oacute; d&agrave;
    76. 

  76.                                             le?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#22810;&#22823;&#20102;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>How old are you?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; &egrave;r shi s&igrave;
    77. 

  77.                                             le.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#20108;&#21313;&#22235;&#20102;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I'm 24.</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td align="center">8.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; du&oacute; d&agrave;
    78. 

  78.                                             le?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#22810;&#22823;&#20102;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>How old are you?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; s&#257;n shi w&#468;
    79. 

  79.                                             le.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#25105;&#19977;&#21313;&#20116;&#20102;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>I'm 35.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464; du&#333; d&agrave; le?</em></span>
    80. 

  80.                         "How old are you?" literally means "How big (in years of age) are you?" This
    81. 

  81.                         is a common way to ask a person's age. The question is appropriate for
    82. 

  82.                         asking the age of a child or a young adult, but the expression is not
    83. 

  83.                         considered polite enough for asking an older adult his age. (More formal
    84. 

  84.                         ways to ask a person's age will be introduced on the C-2, P-2, and drill
    85. 

  85.                         tapes.)</p><p> The marker <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>_which ends these sentences calls attention to the fact
    86. 

  86.                         that something is true now that was not true before. </p><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="file:/home/eric/bin/Xml/Oxygen%20XML%20Editor%2021/frameworks/docbook/css/img/note.png"></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>Ages may also be asked and given without using the new-situation
    87. 

  87.                                     <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>.</p></td></tr></table></div><p>Le has only this new-situation meaning in these sentences. It has no
    88. 

  88.                         meaning of completion, since in fact, there is no completed event. </p><p>One way to reflect the new-situation <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span> in the English translation
    89. 

  89.                         is to add the word "now": I'm 35 now." Essentially, however, "new situation"
    90. 

  90.                         (sometimes called change of state") is a Chinese grammatical category with
    91. 

  91.                         no simple English equivalent. </p><p>The marker <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>
    92. 

  92.                         for new situations is always found at the end of a sentence and is sometimes
    93. 

  93.                         called "sentence <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>."</p><p>Notice that neither answer contains a verb. The verb that has been left
    94. 

  94.                         out is <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">y&#466;u</em></span> "to
    95. 

  95.                         have." The verb may not be left out in the negative: <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">W&#466; m&eacute;iyou s&#257;nshiw&#468;.</em></span> "I&#8217;m not
    96. 

  96.                         35."</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e29035"></a>Notes on &#8470;9</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">9.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464;men n&#474;h&aacute;izi
    97. 

  97.                                             j&#464;su&igrave; le?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#20204;&#22899;&#23401;&#23376;&#20960;&#23681;&#20102;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>How old is your girl?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">T&#257; b&aacute;su&igrave;
    98. 

  98.                                             le.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#22905;&#20843;&#23681;&#20102;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>She's eight years old.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-su&igrave;</em></span>: In the
    99. 

  99.                         traditional Chinese system of giving ages, a person is one -sui old at birth
    100. 

  100.                         and becomes another <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-su&igrave;</em></span> old on the New Year's following his birth. A baby
    101. 

  101.                         born the day before New Year's would thus be two <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-su&igrave;</em></span> old on the day after his
    102. 

  102.                         birth. Most Chinese, however, have now switched to the Western style of
    103. 

  103.                         computing age and use <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-su&igrave;</em></span> just as we use years old. </p><p>The word <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-su&igrave;</em></span>
    104. 

  104.                         like the word <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-h&agrave;o</em></span>, is a bound word shoving what kind of thing a number
    105. 

  105.                         is counting. </p><p>In a date or address you are listing a number and use <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">&egrave;r</em></span> for 2, while in giving an
    106. 

  106.                         age you are counting an amount of something and use <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">li&#462;ng</em></span>: <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">li&#462;ngsu&igrave;</em></span>, "two years
    107. 

  107.                         old."</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e29073"></a>Notes on &#8470;10</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col align="center" class="col1"><col align="center" class="col2"><col class="col3"><col class="col4"><col class="col5"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center">10.</td><td align="center">A:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">N&#464;men n&aacute;nh&aacute;izi
    108. 

  108.                                             d&#333;u j&#464;su&igrave; le?</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#20320;&#20204;&#30007;&#23401;&#23376;&#37117;&#20960;&#23681;&#20102;&#65311;</em></span></td><td>How old are your boys?</td></tr><tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">B:</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Y&iacute;ge ji&#468;su&igrave; le,
    109. 

  109.                                             y&iacute;ge li&ugrave;su&igrave; le.</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase">&#19968;&#20010;&#20061;&#23681;&#20102;&#65292;&#12288;&#19968;&#20010;&#20845;&#23681;&#20102;&#12290;</em></span></td><td>One is nine, and one is six.</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>The word <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">d&#333;u</em></span> is
    110. 

  110.                         used when "both" or "all" would probably not be used in English, namely,
    111. 

  111.                         when expecting different information about each of the things (or persons)
    112. 

  112.                         being discussed. "All" tends to be collective, asking or telling about
    113. 

  113.                         something the members of a group have in common. <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">D&#333;u</em></span> can be distributive,
    114. 

  114.                         asking or telling something about the members of a group as
    115. 

  115.                         individuals.</p><p><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Y&iacute;, q&iacute;, b&aacute;</em></span>: In
    116. 

  116.                         the spoken language of Peking, the basic High tones of <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">y&#299;</em></span>, <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">q&#299;</em></span> and <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">b&#257;</em></span> usually change to Rising
    117. 

  117.                         tones before Falling-tone words (such as <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-h&agrave;o</em></span>, <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span>, and <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-su&igrave;</em></span>). This change is most
    118. 

  118.                         common when the complete number given has only one digit. When there are two
    119. 

  119.                         or more digits, the <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">q&#299;</em></span> and <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">b&#257;</em></span> of numbers ending in 7 and 8 are more likely to have
    120. 

  120.                         Rising tones than the <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">y&#299;</em></span> of numbers ending in 1 (which is usually in the High
    121. 

  121.                         tone). </p><p>Compare:</p><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="1"><colgroup><col align="center" class="c1"><col align="center" class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td align="center"><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&iacute;q&iacute;h&agrave;o</em></span></td><td align="center">the 17th</td></tr><tr><td align="center"><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">sh&iacute;y&#299;y&uuml;&egrave;</em></span></td><td align="center">November</td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In all cases, the High tone is more likely to be kept in rapid speech. You
    122. 

  122.                         may also encounter speakers who never make changes in the tones of
    123. 

  123.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">y&#299;</em></span>,
    124. 

  124.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">q&#299;</em></span> and
    125. 

  125.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">b&#257;</em></span>.</p><p>Remember that, in the digit-by-digit form of giving the year, the numbers
    126. 

  126.                         1, 7, and 8 keep their basic High tones: <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Y&#299;ji&#468;b&#257;li&ugrave;ni&aacute;n</em></span> 1986.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"><a name="d5e29133"></a>Notes on additional required vocabulary</h5></div></div></div><div class="informaltable"><table class="informaltable" border="0"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"><col class="c3"><col class="c4"><col class="c5"><col class="c6"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>Days</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">qi&aacute;nti&#257;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>zu&oacute;ti&#257;n</strong></span></em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#299;nti&#257;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">m&#299;ngti&#257;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">h&ograve;uti&#257;n</em></span></td></tr><tr><td>Years</td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">qi&aacute;nni&aacute;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><span class="bold"><strong>q&#476;ni&aacute;n</strong></span></em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">j&#299;nni&aacute;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">m&iacute;ngni&aacute;n</em></span></td><td><span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">h&ograve;uni&aacute;n</em></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>In the Chinese system of expressing relative time in terms of days and
    127. 

  127.                         years, only one pair of terms is not parallel: <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zu&oacute;ti&#257;n</em></span> "yesterday," and
    128. 

  128.                             <span lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">q&#476;ni&aacute;n</em></span> "last
    129. 

  129.                         year."</p></div></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e29173"></a>Drills</h3></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e29176"></a>Criterion test</h3></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="d5e29179"></a>Appendices</h3></div></div></div><p></p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e29182"></a>Appendix </h4></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e29185"></a>Appendix </h4></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e29188"></a>Appendix </h4></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e29191"></a>Appendix </h4></div></div></div><p></p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a name="d5e29194"></a>Appendix </h4></div></div></div><p></p></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ch02s14.html">Prev</a>&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="ch02.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right">&nbsp;<a accesskey="n" href="ch02s16.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Unit 4&nbsp;</td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top">&nbsp;Unit 6</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
    130.