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- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops"
- xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
- xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon"
- xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
- <head>
- <title>Unit 3</title>
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css" />
- <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2" />
- <link rel="prev" href="ch01s12.xhtml" title="Unit 2" />
- <link rel="next" href="ch01s14.xhtml" title="Unit 4" />
- </head>
- <body><header></header><section class="section" title="Unit 3" epub:type="subchapter"
- id="d0e5912">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h2 class="title" style="clear: both">Unit 3</h2>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <section class="section" title="Introduction" epub:type="division" id="d0e5915">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h3 class="title">Introduction</h3>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <section class="section" title="Topics covered in this unit" epub:type="division"
- id="d0e5918">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title">Topics covered in this unit</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list">
- <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Members of a
- family.</p></li>
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The plural ending -<span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >men</em></span>.</p></li>
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The question word <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >jǐ</em></span>- "how many."</p></li>
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The adverb <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >dōu</em></span> "all."</p></li>
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Several ways to express
- "and."</p></li>
- </ol>
- </div>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Material you will need" epub:type="division"
- id="d0e5946">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title">Material you will need</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list">
- <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The C-l and P-l tapes, the
- Reference List and Reference Notes.</p></li>
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the
- Workbook.</p></li>
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The 3D-1 tape.</p></li>
- </ol>
- </div>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="References" epub:type="division" id="d0e5960">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h3 class="title">References</h3>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p></p>
- <section class="section" title="Reference List" epub:type="division" id="d0e5964">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title">Reference List</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
- <col class="col3" />
- <col class="col4" />
- <col class="col5" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >1.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu háizi
- ma?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们有孩子吗？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Do you have
- children?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Yǒu, wǒmen
- yǒu.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >有，我们有。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Yes, we have.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >2.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Liú xiānsheng yǒu Měiguó
- péngyou ma?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >刘先生有美国朋友吗？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Does Mr <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Liú</em></span> have any American friends?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Tā meíyǒu Měiguó
- péngyou.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他没有美国朋友。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He doesn't have any
- American friends.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Tā yǒu Yīngguó
- péngyou.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他有英国朋友。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He has English friends.
- (or an English friend)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >3.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu jǐge
- háizi?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们有几个孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How many children do you
- have?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu sānge
- háizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >我们有三个孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">We have three
- children.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >4.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu jǐge nánháizi, jǐge
- nǚháizi?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们有几个男孩子，几个女孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How many boys and how
- many girls do you have?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu liǎngge nánháizi,
- yīge nǚháizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >我们有两个男孩子，一个女孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">We have two boys and one
- girl.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >5.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Shì nánháizi, shì
- nǚháizi?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >是男孩子，是女孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are they boys or
- girls?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Tāmen dōu shì
- nǚháizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他们都是女孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">All of them are
- girls.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >6.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Hú xiānsheng, tàitai ne? tāmen
- yǒu jǐge háizi?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >胡先生，太太呢？他们有几个孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How about Mr. and Mrs.
- <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Hú</em></span>? How many
- children do they have?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Tāmen yǒu liǎngge
- háizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他们有两个孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">They have two
- children.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Shì nánháizi, shì nǚháizi?
- </em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >是男孩子，是女孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are they boys or
- girls?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Dōu shì
- nǚháizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >都是女孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Both of them are
- girls.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >7.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen háizi dōu zài zhèli
- ma?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们孩子都在这里吗？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are all your children
- here?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Bù, liǎngge zài zhèli, yíge
- hái zài Měiguó.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >不，两个在这里，一个还在美国。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">No. Two are here, and
- one is still in America.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >8.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu shénme
- rén?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你家里有什么人？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What people are (there)
- in your family?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Yǒu wǒ tàitai gēn sānge
- háizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >有我太太跟三个孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">There's my wife and
- three children.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >9.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu shénme
- rén?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你家里有什么人？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What people are (there)
- in your family?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiù
- (yǒu) wǒ fùqin, mǔqin.</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
- class="foreignphrase">就（有）我父亲，母亲。</em></span></td>
- <td>Just my father and mother.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Vocabulary" epub:type="division" id="d0e6291">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title">Vocabulary</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p></p>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col class="col1" />
- <col class="col2" />
- <col class="col3" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zhǐ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >只</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">only</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">dìdi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >弟弟</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">younger brother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">gēge</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >哥哥</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">older brother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jiějie</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >姐姐</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">older sister</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">mèimei</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >妹妹</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">younger sister</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >兄弟</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jiěmèi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >姐妹</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">sisters</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì
- jiěmèi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >兄弟姐妹</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers and
- sisters</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">fùmǔ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >父母</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">parents</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zǔfù</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >祖父</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">paternal
- grandfather</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zǔmǔ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >祖母</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">paternal
- grandmother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wàizǔfù</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >外祖父</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">maternal
- grandfather</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wàizǔmǔ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >外祖母</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">maternal
- grandmother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">bàba</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >爸爸</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">papa, dad, father</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">māma</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >吗吗</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">momma, mom, mother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">bàba</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >爸爸</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">papa, dad, father</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">dìdi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >弟弟</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">younger brother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">dōu</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >都</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">all, both</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">fùmǔ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >父母</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">parents</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">fùqin</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >父亲</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">father</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">gēge</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >哥哥</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">older brother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">gēn</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >跟</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">and, with, and (in
- addition to)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >还</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">still, yet</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">háizi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >孩子</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">children, child</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jǐ-</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >几－</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">how many</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jiāli</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >家里</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">family</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jiějie</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >姐姐</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">older sister </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jiěmèi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >姐妹</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">sisters</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jǐge</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >几个</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">how many</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jiù</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >就</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">only, just</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">liǎng-</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >两</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">two</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">māma</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >妈妈</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">momma, mom, mother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">méi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >没</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">not, not to have</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">mèimei</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >妹妹</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">younger sister</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">mèiyou</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >没有</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">not to have, there is
- not</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">-men</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >们</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">plural suffix</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">mǔqin</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >母亲</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">mother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nán-</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >男－</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">male</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nánháizi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >男孩子</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">boy</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nǐmen</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">you (plural)</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nǚ-</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >奴－</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">female</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nǚháizi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >奴孩子</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">girl</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">tāmen</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他们</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">they, them</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wàizǔfù</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >外祖父</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">maternal
- grandfather</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wàizǔmǔ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >外祖母</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">maternal
- grandmother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wǒmen</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >我们</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">we, us</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >兄弟</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì
- jiěmèi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >兄弟姐妹</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">brothers and
- sisters</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">yǒu</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >有</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">to have, there is</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zhǐ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >只</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">only</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zǔfù</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >祖父</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">paternal
- grandfather</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zǔmǔ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >祖母</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">paternal
- grandmother</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >yíng le</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
- class="foreignphrase">赢了</em></span></td>
- <td>I('ve) won</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Reference Notes" epub:type="division" id="d0e6779">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h4 class="title">Reference Notes</h4>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p></p>
- <section class="section" title="Notes on №1" epub:type="division" id="d0e6783">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h5 class="title">Notes on №1</h5>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
- <col class="col3" />
- <col class="col4" />
- <col class="col5" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >1.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu háizi
- ma?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们有孩子吗？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Do you have
- children?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Yǒu, wǒmen yǒu.</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >有，我们有。</em></span></td>
- <td>Yes, we have.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p>The plural pronouns are formed by adding -men to the singular
- pronouns</p>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c3" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c4" />
- </colgroup>
- <thead>
- <tr>
- <th
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- colspan="2"><span class="bold"
- ><strong>singular</strong></span></th>
- <th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- colspan="2"><span class="bold"
- ><strong>plural</strong></span></th>
- </tr>
- </thead>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wǒ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >I</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wǒmen</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >we</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nǐ</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >you</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nǐmen</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >you</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">tā</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >he/she</td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">tāmen</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; ">they</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p>(You have already seen these pronoun forms used as possessives: "my,"
- "our," etc. Later you will find that they are also used as objects:
- "me," "us," etc.)</p>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Háizi</em></span>: Chinese nouns have the same form for singular
- and plural.</p>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Háizi</em></span> may be either "child" or "children."<a
- href="#ftn.d0e6879" class="footnote"><sup class="footnote"
- id="d0e6879">[3]</sup></a>Usually the context will make clear
- whether a noun should be translated as singular or as plural, but not
- always. Chinese does not require that the matter be pinned down to the
- same extent that English does.</p>
- <p>
- <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu
- háizi</em></span> is a perfectly good sentence, even though the
- only accurate translation is the clumsy "We have one or more children."
- We would prefer to have enough information to translate it either as "We
- have a child" or as "We have children." </p>
- <p>At times this ambiguity is an advantage. When you ask <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu háizi
- ma?</em></span> you do not, after all, know whether you are
- referring to one child or to more than one child. To cover both bets in
- the same way in English, we have to say "Do you have any children?"</p>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Notes on №2" epub:type="division" id="d0e6899">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h5 class="title">Notes on №2</h5>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
- <col class="col3" />
- <col class="col4" />
- <col class="col5" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >2.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Liú xiānsheng yǒu Měiguó
- péngyou ma?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >刘先生有美国朋友吗？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Does Mr <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Liú</em></span> have any American friends?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Tā meíyǒu Měiguó
- péngyou.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他没有美国朋友。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He doesn't have any
- American friends.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Tā yǒu Yīngguó péngyou.</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他有英国朋友。</em></span></td>
- <td>He has English friends. (or an English friend)</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Méiyou</em></span>: All the verbs discussed so far form the
- negative with <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">bù</em></span>,
- with the single exception of <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">yǒu</em></span>, "to have," which has the
- irregular negative form <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">méiyou</em></span>.</p>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Notes on №3-4" epub:type="division" id="d0e6963">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h5 class="title">Notes on №3-4</h5>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
- <col class="col3" />
- <col class="col4" />
- <col class="col5" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >3.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu jǐge
- háizi?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们有几个孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How many children do
- you have?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu sānge
- háizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >我们有三个孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">We have three
- children.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >4.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen yǒu jǐge nánháizi,
- jǐge nǚháizi?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们有几个男孩子，几个女孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How many boys and
- how many girls do you have?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Wǒmen yǒu liǎngge nánháizi, yīge
- nǚháizi.</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >我们有两个男孩子，一个女孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td>We have two boys and one girl.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p>In Peking speech,<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">
- jǐ-</em></span>, "how many," is usually used only when the number
- expected in an answer is about 10 or less. In many other parts of China,
- speakers use jl- no matter how large a number is expected in the
- answer.</p>
- <p><span class="bold"><strong>Counters</strong></span>: In Chinese, a noun
- cannot be counted or specified (i.e., used with <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >něi-</em></span> "which," <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nèi-</em></span>, "that," <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >zhèi-</em></span>, "this") without the addition of a bound word, a
- counter, to indicate the sort of thing being specified or counted.
- English has a few such counters, as "head" in "how many head of cattle"
- and "loaves" in " seven loaves of bread."</p>
- <p>The counter used in a particular instance depends on the noun "being
- specified or counted. Many nouns have special counters. You have already
- learned the polite counter for persons, <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">-wèi</em></span>. Other special counters
- refer in some way to the kind of thing the noun represents. The word for
- "hotel," for instance, has a special counter <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >-jiā</em></span>, "house," used for counting or specifying business
- establishments.</p>
- <p>The general counter <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span> is used with nouns that do
- not have special counters. For example, there is no special counter for
- the word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >pùbù</em></span>, "waterfall," so you would say <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yíge
- pùbù</em></span>, "one waterfall." You have already found the
- general counter <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >-ge</em></span> in specifying expressions such as <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">něige
- háizi</em></span>, "which child," and <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">zhèige
- fàndiàn</em></span>,"this hotel."</p>
- <p>You may find that, in colloquial speech, nouns that have special counters
- are sometimes used with <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span> anyway, but this tendency
- is looked down upon by many speakers.</p>
- <p>Here are the numbers 1 through 10 with the counter <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >-ge</em></span>:</p>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yíge liǎngge
- sānge sìge wǔge liùge qíge báge jiǔge shíge</em></span></p>
- <p>The number 2 has a special form before a counter: l<span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >iǎng-</em></span>. Notice that the words for 1, 2, and 8 have
- Rising tones before <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span>, because <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">-ge</em></span>
- is basically a Falling-tone syllable. (See also Unit 5, notes on No. 9
- and No. 10.)</p>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nán-
- nǚ-</em></span>: The "bound words <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nán-</em></span> "male," and <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >nǚ-</em></span>, "female," are often used in compounds; for example,
- <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >nánpéngyou</em></span>, "boyfriend," and <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >nǚtóngzhì</em></span> "(woman) Comrade."</p>
- <p>"<span class="bold"><strong>And</strong></span>": In Chinese, a word for
- "and" is not needed between parallel phrases like <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">liǎngge
- nánháizi, yíge nǚháizi</em></span> "two boys, (and) one
- girl."</p>
- <p>A pause is usual between the two phrases, but even the pause is sometimes
- omitted.</p>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Notes on №5-7" epub:type="division" id="d0e7126">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h5 class="title">Notes on №5-7</h5>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
- <col class="col3" />
- <col class="col4" />
- <col class="col5" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >5.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Shì nánháizi, shì
- nǚháizi?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >是男孩子，是女孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are they boys or
- girls?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Tāmen dōu shì
- nǚháizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他们都是女孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">All of them are
- girls.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >6.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Hú xiānsheng, tàitai ne?
- tāmen yǒu jǐge háizi?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >胡先生，太太呢？他们有几个孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">How about Mr. and
- Mrs. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Hú</em></span>? How many
- children do they have?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Tāmen yǒu liǎngge
- háizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >他们有两个孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">They have two
- children.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Shì nánháizi, shì nǚháizi?
- </em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >是男孩子，是女孩子？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are they boys or
- girls?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Dōu shì
- nǚháizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >都是女孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Both of them are
- girls.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >7.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐmen háizi dōu zài zhèli
- ma?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你们孩子都在这里吗？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Are all your
- children here?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Bù, liǎngge zài zhèli, yíge hái zài
- Měiguó.</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >不，两个在这里，一个还在美国。</em></span></td>
- <td>No. Two are here, and one is still in America.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><span
- class="bold"><strong>Shi nánháizi, shi
- nǚháizi?</strong></span></em></span> In Chinese, an "or"
- question (i.e., a question asking which of two alternatives is true) may
- be asked simply by stating the two alternatives with a pause between. In
- this kind of question, the verb must appear in each alternative. (You
- will learn other ways of making "or" questions in later modules.)</p>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Dōu</em></span>
- may usually be translated in a sentence as "all (of)," or, if it refers
- to only two things, as both (of)." Literally, <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">dōu</em></span>
- means "in all cases," "uniformly," "entirely," "completely." Since it is
- an adverb), it must be placed after the subject of a sentence and before
- the verb (like the adverb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">yě</em></span>, "also".)</p>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Notes on №8-9" epub:type="division" id="d0e7266">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h5 class="title">Notes on №8-9</h5>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
- <col class="col3" />
- <col class="col4" />
- <col class="col5" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >8.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu shénme
- rén?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你家里有什么人？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What people are
- (there) in your family?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Yǒu wǒ tàitai gēn sānge
- háizi.</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >有我太太跟三个孩子。</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">There's my wife and
- three children.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >9.</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >B:</td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli yǒu shénme
- rén?</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >你家里有什么人？</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What people are
- (there) in your family?</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >A:</td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Jiù yǒu wǒ fùqin, mǔqin.</em></span></td>
- <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
- >就有我父亲，母亲。</em></span></td>
- <td>Just my father and mother.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p>Literally, the phrase <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">nǐ jiāli</em></span> means "in your home"
- (<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >jiā</em></span>, "home"; <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">-li</em></span>, "in"）. In this sentence
- it is extended to mean "the people in your home, " that is, "your
- family."</p>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ jiāli - yǒu
- - shénme rén?</em></span> Phrase by phrase, this question is:
- "In your family - there are - what people?,’ The word "family" can be
- taken to mean either all your relatives or only those living in your
- household.</p>
- <p>By itself, the verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">yǒu</em></span> means "to "be," "to
- exist." You have now seen it translated two ways: </p>
- <div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list">
- <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>as "have," with a
- personal subject: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Wǒmen yǒu sānge
- háizi</em></span> . "We have three children." </p></li>
- <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>as "there is/are," in
- the so-called impersonal construction: <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Nǐ
- jiāli yǒu shénme rén?</em></span> "What people are
- (there) in your family?"</p></li>
- </ol>
- </div>
- <p>In exchange 8, the verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">yǒu</em></span> in the answer is
- translated as "there's." Some English speakers may find this translation
- too colloquial. The answer can also be translated Just by listing the
- family members, with no verb in the English, as was done in exchange 9«
- Chinese almost always keeps the verb in the answer to a question, while
- English tends to leave it out.</p>
- <p><span class="bold"><strong>How to say "and":</strong></span> Chinese has
- several words for "and." <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Gēn</em></span> is the word for "and" when
- joining nouns or noun phrases. <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Yě</em></span> is the word for "and" when
- Joining verbs, verb phrases, or whole sentences:</p>
- <div class="example" id="d0e7381">
- <div class="example-title">Example 1.1. Example:</div>
- <div class="example-contents">
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ bú
- xìng Lǐ, yě bú xìng Lǔ. Wǒ xìng Lǚ.</em></span></p>
- <p>I'm not surnamed <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Lǐ</em></span> and I'm not
- surnamed <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Lǔ</em></span>. I'm surnamed <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Lǚ</em></span>.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>Chinese tends to use a word for "and" when the noun phrases being Joined
- are not parallel and not to use one when the phrases are parallel:</p>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c3" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c4" />
- <col class="c5" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- colspan="5"><span class="bold"><strong>Not
- parallel</strong></span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Yǒu</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >wǒ tàitai</em></span></p>
- <p>Possessor noun</p>
- </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">gēn</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >sānge háizi.</em></span></p>
- <p>number noun</p>
- </td>
- <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">There's my wife and
- 3 children.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- colspan="5"><span class="bold"
- ><strong>Parallel</strong></span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Yǒu</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >liǎngge nánháizi</em></span></p>
- <p>number noun</p>
- </td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">,</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >yíge nǚháizi.</em></span></p>
- <p>number noun</p>
- </td>
- <td>There are 2 boys and one girl.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p>While "and" is often omitted in Chinese, it may be added for emphasis
- between nouns and between noun phrases just as in English.</p>
- <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Jiù</em></span>, "only," "Just," is an advert (like <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yě</em></span>
- and <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >dōu</em></span>. The use of <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jiù</em></span> to mean "only" is probably
- mostly confined to the Peking dialect.<a href="#ftn.d0e7485"
- class="footnote"><sup class="footnote" id="d0e7485">[4]</sup></a>
- Speakers from other parts of the country will not necessarily use <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">jiù</em></span>
- to mean "only" or understand it as such. A more widely used and
- understood word for "only" is <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zhǐ</em></span>. Thus the answer in
- exchange 9 could also be: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">Zhǐ yǒu wǒ fùqin, mǔqin.</em></span></p>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Notes on additional vocabulary"
- epub:type="division" id="d0e7499">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h5 class="title">Notes on additional vocabulary</h5>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p>Chinese is much more precise than English in its terms for family
- members. There is not Just one word for "brother," or "sister" but words
- for "older brother," "younger brother," "older sister," and "younger
- sister."</p>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c3" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c4" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c5" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span class="bold"
- ><strong>older</strong></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span class="bold"
- ><strong>younger</strong></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >brother</td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">gēge</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">dìdi</em></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- >brothers</td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì</em></span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >sister</td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">jiějie</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">mèimei</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- >sisters</td>
- <td style="text-align: center; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >jiěmèi</em></span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p>When referring to both older and younger sisters, the term <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >jiěmèi</em></span> is used. When referring to both older and
- younger brothers, the term <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì</em></span> is used. When
- referring to sisters and brothers, the phrase <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">xiōngdì
- jiěmèi</em></span> is used.</p>
- <p>Chinese also distinguishes between grandparents on the father's side of
- the family and grandparents on the mother's side:</p>
- <div class="informaltable">
- <table
- style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
- <colgroup>
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
- <col style="text-align: center; " class="c3" />
- </colgroup>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- > </td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span class="bold"><strong>father's
- side</strong></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span class="bold"><strong>mother's
- side</strong></span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span class="bold"
- ><strong>grandfather</strong></span></td>
- <td
- style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zǔfù</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wàizǔfù</em></span></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- ><span class="bold"
- ><strong>grandmother</strong></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
- ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">zǔmǔ</em></span></td>
- <td style="text-align: center; "><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >wàizǔmǔ</em></span></td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <p>The syllable <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >wài-</em></span> in <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
- class="foreignphrase">wàizǔfù</em></span> and <span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >wàizǔmǔ</em></span> literally means "outer" or "outside."</p>
- </section>
- </section>
- </section>
- <section class="section" title="Drills" epub:type="division" id="d0e7609">
- <div class="titlepage">
- <div>
- <div>
- <h3 class="title">Drills</h3>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <p></p>
- </section>
- <div class="footnotes" epub:type="footnotes">
- <br />
- <hr class="footnote-hr" />
- <div id="ftn.d0e6879" class="footnote" epub:type="footnote">
- <p><a href="#d0e6879" class="para"><sup class="para">[3] </sup></a>A few nouns
- referring to people may be made explicitly plural by adding -<span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">men</em></span> .
- <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
- >Háizimen</em></span> can only be ''children"</p>
- </div>
- <div id="ftn.d0e7485" class="footnote" epub:type="footnote">
- <p><a href="#d0e7485" class="para"><sup class="para">[4] </sup></a><span
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
- xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Jiù</em></span> has
- several other meanings, which will be presented to you as you continue
- through this course.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </section><footer></footer></body>
- </html>
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