Demipuppet
/
FSI-Chinese-docbook


			
				
					
						
						
							12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091929394959697989910010110210310410510610710810911011111211311411511611711811912012112212312412512612712812913013113213313413513613713813914014114214314414514614714814915015115215315415515615715815916016116216316416516616716816917017117217317417517617717817918018118218318418518618718818919019119219319419519619719819920020120220320420520620720820921021121221321421521621721821922022122222322422522622722822923023123223323423523623723823924024124224324424524624724824925025125225325425525625725825926026126226326426526626726826927027127227327427527627727827928028128228328428528628728828929029129229329429529629729829930030130230330430530630730830931031131231331431531631731831932032132232332432532632732832933033133233333433533633733833934034134234334434534634734834935035135235335435535635735835936036136236336436536636736836937037137237337437537637737837938038138238338438538638738838939039139239339439539639739839940040140240340440540640740840941041141241341441541641741841942042142242342442542642742842943043143243343443543643743843944044144244344444544644744844945045145245345445545645745845946046146246346446546646746846947047147247347447547647747847948048148248348448548648748848949049149249349449549649749849950050150250350450550650750850951051151251351451551651751851952052152252352452552652752852953053153253353453553653753853954054154254354454554654754854955055155255355455555655755855956056156256356456556656756856957057157257357457557657757857958058158258358458558658758858959059159259359459559659759859960060160260360460560660760860961061161261361461561661761861962062162262362462562662762862963063163263363463563663763863964064164264364464564664764864965065165265365465565665765865966066166266366466566666766866967067167267367467567667767867968068168268368468568668768868969069169269369469569669769869970070170270370470570670770870971071171271371471571671771871972072172272372472572672772872973073173273373473573673773873974074174274374474574674774874975075175275375475575675775875976076176276376476576676776876977077177277377477577677777877978078178278378478578678778878979079179279379479579679779879980080180280380480580680780880981081181281381481581681781881982082182282382482582682782882983083183283383483583683783883984084184284384484584684784884985085185285385485585685785885986086186286386486586686786886987087187287387487587687787887988088188288388488588688788888989089189289389489589689789889990090190290390490590690790890991091191291391491591691791891992092192292392492592692792892993093193293393493593693793893994094194294394494594694794894995095195295395495595695795895996096196296396496596696796896997097197297397497597697797897998098198298398498598698798898999099199299399499599699799899910001001100210031004100510061007100810091010101110121013101410151016101710181019102010211022102310241025102610271028102910301031103210331034103510361037103810391040104110421043104410451046104710481049105010511052105310541055105610571058105910601061106210631064106510661067106810691070107110721073107410751076107710781079108010811082108310841085108610871088108910901091109210931094109510961097109810991100110111021103110411051106110711081109111011111112111311141115111611171118111911201121112211231124112511261127112811291130113111321133113411351136113711381139114011411142114311441145114611471148114911501151115211531154115511561157115811591160116111621163116411651166116711681169117011711172117311741175117611771178117911801181118211831184118511861187118811891190119111921193119411951196119711981199120012011202120312041205120612071208120912101211121212131214121512161217121812191220122112221223122412251226122712281229123012311232123312341235123612371238123912401241124212431244124512461247124812491250125112521253125412551256125712581259126012611262126312641265126612671268126912701271127212731274127512761277127812791280128112821283128412851286128712881289129012911292129312941295129612971298129913001301130213031304130513061307130813091310131113121313131413151316131713181319132013211322132313241325132613271328132913301331133213331334133513361337133813391340134113421343134413451346134713481349135013511352135313541355135613571358135913601361136213631364136513661367136813691370137113721373137413751376137713781379138013811382138313841385138613871388138913901391139213931394139513961397139813991400140114021403140414051406140714081409141014111412141314141415141614171418141914201421142214231424142514261427142814291430143114321433143414351436143714381439144014411442144314441445144614471448144914501451145214531454145514561457145814591460146114621463146414651466146714681469147014711472147314741475147614771478147914801481148214831484148514861487148814891490149114921493149414951496149714981499150015011502150315041505150615071508150915101511151215131514151515161517151815191520152115221523152415251526152715281529153015311532153315341535153615371538153915401541154215431544154515461547154815491550155115521553155415551556155715581559156015611562156315641565156615671568156915701571157215731574157515761577157815791580158115821583158415851586158715881589159015911592159315941595159615971598159916001601160216031604160516061607160816091610161116121613161416151616161716181619162016211622162316241625162616271628162916301631163216331634163516361637163816391640164116421643164416451646164716481649165016511652165316541655165616571658165916601661166216631664166516661667166816691670167116721673167416751676167716781679168016811682168316841685168616871688168916901691169216931694169516961697169816991700170117021703170417051706170717081709171017111712171317141715171617171718171917201721172217231724172517261727172817291730173117321733173417351736173717381739174017411742174317441745174617471748174917501751175217531754175517561757175817591760176117621763176417651766176717681769177017711772177317741775177617771778177917801781178217831784178517861787178817891790179117921793179417951796179717981799180018011802180318041805180618071808180918101811181218131814181518161817181818191820182118221823182418251826182718281829183018311832183318341835183618371838183918401841184218431844184518461847184818491850185118521853185418551856185718581859186018611862186318641865186618671868186918701871187218731874187518761877187818791880188118821883188418851886188718881889189018911892189318941895189618971898189919001901190219031904190519061907190819091910191119121913191419151916191719181919192019211922192319241925192619271928192919301931193219331934193519361937193819391940194119421943194419451946194719481949195019511952195319541955195619571958195919601961196219631964196519661967196819691970197119721973197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030203120322033203420352036203720382039204020412042204320442045204620472048204920502051205220532054205520562057205820592060206120622063206420652066206720682069207020712072207320742075207620772078207920802081208220832084208520862087208820892090209120922093209420952096209720982099210021012102210321042105210621072108210921102111211221132114211521162117211821192120212121222123212421252126212721282129213021312132213321342135213621372138213921402141214221432144214521462147214821492150215121522153215421552156215721582159216021612162216321642165216621672168216921702171217221732174217521762177217821792180218121822183218421852186218721882189219021912192219321942195219621972198219922002201220222032204220522062207220822092210221122122213221422152216221722182219222022212222222322242225222622272228222922302231223222332234223522362237223822392240224122422243224422452246224722482249225022512252225322542255225622572258225922602261226222632264226522662267226822692270227122722273227422752276227722782279228022812282228322842285228622872288228922902291229222932294229522962297229822992300230123022303230423052306230723082309231023112312231323142315231623172318231923202321232223232324232523262327232823292330233123322333233423352336233723382339234023412342234323442345234623472348234923502351235223532354235523562357235823592360236123622363236423652366236723682369237023712372237323742375237623772378237923802381238223832384238523862387238823892390239123922393239423952396239723982399240024012402240324042405240624072408240924102411241224132414241524162417241824192420242124222423242424252426242724282429243024312432243324342435243624372438243924402441244224432444244524462447244824492450245124522453245424552456245724582459246024612462246324642465246624672468246924702471247224732474247524762477247824792480248124822483248424852486248724882489249024912492249324942495249624972498249925002501250225032504250525062507250825092510251125122513251425152516251725182519252025212522252325242525252625272528252925302531253225332534253525362537253825392540254125422543254425452546254725482549255025512552255325542555255625572558255925602561256225632564256525662567256825692570257125722573257425752576257725782579258025812582258325842585258625872588258925902591259225932594259525962597259825992600
							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops"
    xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
    xmlns:pls="http://www.w3.org/2005/01/pronunciation-lexicon"
    xmlns:ssml="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
    <head>
        <title>Unit 4</title>
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-epub.css" />
        <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.2" />
        <link rel="prev" href="ch01s13.xhtml" title="Unit 3" />
        <link rel="next" href="ch01s15.xhtml" title="Unit 5" />
    </head>
    <body><header></header><section class="section" title="Unit 4" epub:type="subchapter"
            id="d0e7614">
            <div class="titlepage">
                <div>
                    <div>
                        <h2 class="title" style="clear: both">Unit 4</h2>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <p></p>
            <section class="section" title="Introduction" epub:type="division" id="d0e7618">
                <div class="titlepage">
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <h3 class="title">Introduction</h3>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <p></p>
                <section class="section" title="Topics covered in this unit" epub:type="division"
                    id="d0e7622">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Topics covered in this unit</h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list">
                        <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
                            <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>Arrival and departure
                                    times,</p></li>
                            <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The marker <span
                                        xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                        >le</em></span></p></li>
                            <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The <span
                                        xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì …
                                            de</em></span> construction.</p></li>
                        </ol>
                    </div>
                </section>
                <section class="section" title="Material you will need" epub:type="division"
                    id="d0e7640">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Material you will need</h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="orderedlist" epub:type="list">
                        <ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
                            <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The C-l and P-l tapes» the
                                    Reference List and Reference Notes.</p></li>
                            <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The C-2 and P-2 tapes» the
                                    Workbook.</p></li>
                            <li class="listitem" epub:type="list-item"><p>The UD-1 tape.</p></li>
                        </ol>
                    </div>
                </section>
            </section>
            <section class="section" title="References" epub:type="division" id="d0e7654">
                <div class="titlepage">
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <h3 class="title">References</h3>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <section class="section" title="Reference List" epub:type="division" id="d0e7657">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Reference List</h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p>in <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                        >Běijīng</em></span></p>
                    <div class="informaltable">
                        <table
                            style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                            <colgroup>
                                <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
                                <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
                                <col class="col3" />
                                <col class="col4" />
                                <col class="col5" />
                            </colgroup>
                            <tbody>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >1.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Nǐ àiren lái
                                        ma?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >你爱人来吗？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Is your wife
                                        coming?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Tā lái.</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >她来。</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">She is coming.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >2.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Nǐ àiren lái le
                                            ma?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >你爱人来了吗？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Has your wife come?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Lái le, tā lái
                                        le.</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >来了，她来了。</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Yes, she has come.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >3.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Nǐ àiren yě lái le
                                            ma?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >你爱人也来了吗？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Has your wife come
                                        too?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Tā hái méi
                                        lái.</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >她还没来。</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">She hasn't come
                                        yet.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >4.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Tā shénme shíhou
                                            lái?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >她什么时候来？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When is she coming?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Tā míngtiān
                                        lái.</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >她明天来。</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">She is coming
                                        tomorrow.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >5.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Nǐ péngyou shénme shíhou
                                                dào?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >你朋友什么时候到？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When is your friend
                                        arriving?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Tā yǐjīng dào
                                        le.</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >他已经到了。</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He has already
                                        arrived.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >6.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Tā shì shénme shíhou
                                                dàode?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >她是什么时候到的？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When did she
                                        arrive?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Tā shì zuótiān
                                            dàode.</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >她是昨天到的。</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">She arrived
                                        Yesterday.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >7.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shì yíge rén láide
                                            ma?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >你是一个人来的吗？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Did you come alone?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Bú shì, wǒ bú shì yíge rén
                                                láide.</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >不是，我不是一个人来的。</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">No, I didn't come
                                        alone.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >8.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shénme shíhou
                                            zǒu?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >你什么时候走？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When are you
                                        leaving?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Wǒ jīntiān
                                        zǒu.</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >我今天走。</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">I'm leaving today.</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >9.</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                        >A:</td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">Nǐ něitiān
                                        zǒu?</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >你哪天走？</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What day are you
                                        leaving?</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                        > </td>
                                    <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                        >B:</td>
                                    <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Wǒ
                                                jīntiān zǒu.</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
                                            class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
                                                class="foreignphrase">我今天走。</em></span></td>
                                    <td>I'm leaving today.</td>
                                </tr>
                            </tbody>
                        </table>
                    </div>
                </section>
                <section class="section" title="Vocabulary" epub:type="division" id="d0e7946">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Vocabulary</h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="informaltable">
                        <table
                            style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                            <colgroup>
                                <col class="col1" />
                                <col class="col2" />
                                <col class="col3" />
                            </colgroup>
                            <tbody>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">hòutiān</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >后天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">the day after
                                        tomorrow</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">qiántiān</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >前天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">the day before
                                        yesterday</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">tiāntiān</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >天天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">every day</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">érzi</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >二字</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">son</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">nǚér</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >女儿</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">daughter</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">dào</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >到</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">to arrive</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">érzi</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >二字</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">son</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">hòutiān
                                        (hòutian)</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >后天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">the day after
                                        tomorrow</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">jīntiān
                                        (jīntian)</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >今天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">today</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">lái</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >来</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">to come</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">le</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >了</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">combined le:
                                        new-situation and completion marker</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">míngtiān
                                            (mīngtian)</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >明天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">tomorrow</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">něitiān</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >哪天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">what day</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">nǚér</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >女儿</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">daughter</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">qiántiān
                                            (qiántian)</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >前天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">the day before
                                        Yesterday</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">shénme shíhou</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >什么时候</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">when</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">shì de</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >十的</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">focus construction</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">-tiān</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">day</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">tiāntiān</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >天天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">every day</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">yíge rén</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >一个人</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">singly, alone</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">yǐjīng
                                        (yǐjing)</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >已经</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">already</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">zǒu</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >走</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">to leave</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">zuótiān</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >昨天</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Yesterday</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">jiéhūn</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >结婚</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">to get married, to be
                                        married</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">méi jiéhūn</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >没结婚</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">not to be married</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase">kěshi</em></span></td>
                                    <td
                                        style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                            >可是</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">but</td>
                                </tr>
                                <tr>
                                    <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                            xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >xiǎng</em></span></td>
                                    <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
                                            class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Hani"
                                                class="foreignphrase">想</em></span></td>
                                    <td>to think, to think that</td>
                                </tr>
                            </tbody>
                        </table>
                    </div>
                </section>
                <section class="section" title="Reference Notes" epub:type="division" id="d0e8199">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Reference Notes</h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <section class="section" title="Notes on №1" epub:type="division" id="d0e8202">
                        <div class="titlepage">
                            <div>
                                <div>
                                    <h5 class="title">Notes on №1</h5>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
                                    <col class="col3" />
                                    <col class="col4" />
                                    <col class="col5" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >1.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Nǐ àiren lái
                                            ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >你爱人来吗？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Is your wife
                                            coming?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                >她来。</em></span></td>
                                        <td>She is coming.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>These sentences refer to future time, but <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">lái</em></span>
                            is not a future-tense form. Strictly speaking, Chinese verbs do not have
                            tenses. The same form of the verb can be used in present, past, and
                            future contexts.</p>
                        <p>We translated the sentence <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">Tā zài Táinán gōngzuò.</em></span> as "He
                            works in Tainan" assuming a present context. But in a past context we
                            could translate It as "He <span class="bold"
                                ><strong>worked</strong></span> in Tainan; and in a future context
                            we could translate it as "He <span class="bold"><strong>will
                                    work</strong></span> in Tainan." The verb form <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >gōngzuò</em></span> does not tell you what time is being talked
                            about. You have to look elsewhere for that information, perhaps to a
                            time expression like "last year" or "now" or "tomorrow," or to the
                            conversational setting.</p>
                    </section>
                    <section class="section" title="Notes on №2" epub:type="division" id="d0e8257">
                        <div class="titlepage">
                            <div>
                                <div>
                                    <h5 class="title">Notes on №2</h5>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
                                    <col class="col3" />
                                    <col class="col4" />
                                    <col class="col5" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >2.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Nǐ àiren lái le
                                                ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >你爱人来了吗？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Has your wife
                                            come?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Lái le, tā lái le.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >来了，她来了。</em></span></td>
                                        <td>Yes, she has come.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p><span class="bold"><strong>Aspect</strong></span>: <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Le</em></span>
                            is an aspect marker. Through the use of and other one-syllable markers
                                (<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">de, zhe, ne,
                                    guo</em></span>), the Chinese language indicates whether the
                            occurrence being talked about is completed, ongoing, about to occur, or
                            experienced for the first time. Aspect markers may also be used to
                            indicate whether the whole situation in the sentence is a new, changed
                            situation.</p>
                        <p>"<span class="bold"><strong>Completion</strong></span>" and "new
                            situation" are not <span class="bold"><strong>tenses</strong></span> but
                                <span class="bold"><strong>aspects</strong></span>. Aspect is a way
                            of talking about events or activities in relation to time. While tenses
                            categorize action in terms of features such as completeness and change.
                            Aspect markers are very different from tense markers because the same
                            aspect may be used in past, present, and future contexts. We may speak
                            of an action that will be completed as of a future time, for example, or
                            of a situation that was new as of a past time. English communicates
                            these ideas to a certain extent through the use of many different tenses
                            for the verb (future perfect, simple past, etc,). Chinese does this
                            through the use of aspect markers and time words. The verbs themselves
                            do not change form.</p>
                        <p>Le is used in exchange 2 to indicate two aspects-completion and new
                            situation, (it is, however, often used to indicate only one aspect.)</p>
                        <p>Here, it indicates that the person has come, meaning that the action is
                            completed, and that the person is now here, a changed situation. When
                            the marker <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>
                            refers to both these aspects, we call it "combined <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                            >le</em></span>." Combined le can be thought of as a telescoping of the
                            completion le followed by a new-situation <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>:
                                <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le
                                le</em></span> becomes <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>. In the next two units, you
                            will see the marker <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">le</em></span> used to Indicate each of
                            these aspects separately.</p>
                    </section>
                    <section class="section" title="Notes on №3" epub:type="division" id="d0e8336">
                        <div class="titlepage">
                            <div>
                                <div>
                                    <h5 class="title">Notes on №3</h5>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
                                    <col class="col3" />
                                    <col class="col4" />
                                    <col class="col5" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >3.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Nǐ àiren yě lái le
                                                ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >你爱人也来了吗？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Has your wife come
                                            too?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā hái méi lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >她还没来。</em></span></td>
                                        <td>She hasn't come yet.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>Negative of combined <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>: Compare these affirmative
                            and negative forms:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: left; " class="c1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c3" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c4" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c5" />
                                    <col class="c6" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span class="bold"
                                                ><strong>affirmative</strong></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">is coming.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span class="bold"
                                            ><strong>negative</strong></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">bù</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td>isn't coming.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: left; " class="c1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c3" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c4" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c5" />
                                    <col class="c6" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span class="bold"
                                                ><strong>affirmative</strong></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">le</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">has come (now).</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: left; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span class="bold"
                                            ><strong>negative</strong></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">méi(you)</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td>hasn't come (yet).</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>Notice that the marker le does not appear in the negative answer in the
                            exchange.</p>
                        <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                            >Hái</em></span>: The negative of a sentence containing combined le_
                            will include the adverb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span>, "yet," as well as the
                            negative <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >méi(you)</em></span>. In English, the "yet" is frequently left
                            out.</p>
                        <p>Like other adverbs such as <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">yě</em></span>, <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span>
                            always precedes the verb, although not always directly. Elements such as
                            the negatives and <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >méi</em></span> may come between an adverb and a verb,</p>
                        <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >Méiyou</em></span>, "not have" is used to negate the aspect of
                            completion; that is, to say that a certain event did not take place.
                                <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >Méiyou</em></span> may be shortened to <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                            >méi</em></span>. Here are three possible negative answers to the
                            question.</p>
                        <p><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā lái le
                                    ma?</em></span> "Has he come?"</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c3" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c4" />
                                    <col class="c5" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">méiyou</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He hasn't come
                                            yet.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">méi</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He hasn't come
                                            yet.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">méiyou.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td>Not yet.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                    </section>
                    <section class="section" title="Notes on №4-5" epub:type="division" id="d0e8537">
                        <div class="titlepage">
                            <div>
                                <div>
                                    <h5 class="title">Notes on №4-5</h5>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
                                    <col class="col3" />
                                    <col class="col4" />
                                    <col class="col5" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >4.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shénme shíhou
                                                lái?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >她什么时候来？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When is she
                                            coming?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā míngtiān
                                            lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >她明天来。</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">She is coming
                                            tomorrow.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >5.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Nǐ péngyou shénme shíhou
                                                  dào?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >你朋友什么时候到？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When is your friend
                                            arriving?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā yǐjīng dào le.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >他已经到了。</em></span></td>
                                        <td>He has already arrived.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>Position of time words: Time phrases occupy the same position in a
                            sentence as adverbs such as <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">yě</em></span> and <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">hái</em></span>
                            between the subject and the verb.</p>
                    </section>
                    <section class="section" title="Notes on №6-7" epub:type="division" id="d0e8612">
                        <div class="titlepage">
                            <div>
                                <div>
                                    <h5 class="title">Notes on №6-7</h5>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
                                    <col class="col3" />
                                    <col class="col4" />
                                    <col class="col5" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >6.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shì shénme shíhou
                                                  dàode?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >她是什么时候到的？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When did she
                                            arrive?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shì zuótiān
                                                dàode.</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >她是昨天到的。</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">She arrived
                                            Yesterday.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >7.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shì yíge rén láide
                                                  ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >你是一个人来的吗？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Did you come
                                            alone?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Bú shì, wǒ bú shì yíge rén
                                            láide.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >不是，我不是一个人来的。</em></span></td>
                                        <td>No, I didn't come alone.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>
                            <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >(shì)...de</em></span>: <a href="#ftn.d0e8684" class="footnote"
                                    ><sup class="footnote" id="d0e8684">[5]</sup></a> This is
                            another way to indicate the aspect of completion. The aspect marker
                                <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>
                            and the pattern <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    >(shì...de)</em></span> perform different functions and convey
                            different meanings. This is how they are different:</p>
                        <p>The aspect marker <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >le</em></span> or its negative <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">méi (you)</em></span> is used when the
                            center of interest is whether or not an action took place. For example,
                            if you do not know whether Mr. Sun came or not, you would ask:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā léile
                                            méiyou?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; ">Did he come?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>and you would be answered either</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā láile.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; ">He came.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>or</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā méi lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; ">He didn't come.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>In this question and answer, you use <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">le</em></span> or its negative <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >méi(you)</em></span> because the focus is on whether the action
                            took place or not.</p>
                        <p>The purpose of the <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    >(shì)...de</em></span> construction, on the other hand, is to
                            focus on additional information about a completed action; that is, the
                            construction is used when the center of interest is NOT whether or not a
                            certain action took place. </p>
                        <p>For example, once it has been established that Mr. Sun did in fact come,
                            the <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >(shì)...de</em></span> construction will probably be used for any
                            additional questions and answers about his coming. For example:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shi shénme shíhou
                                                  láide?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When did he
                                            come?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shi zuótiān
                                                láide.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He came
                                            yesterday.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shi yíge rén láide
                                                  ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Did he come
                                            alone?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā shi yíge rén láide.</em></span></td>
                                        <td>He came alone.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>These questions and answers use the <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">(shì)...de</em></span> construction
                            because you already know that Mr. Sun came and now you are asking for
                            additional information about his visit. Many types of additional
                            information can be focus points for which the <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >(shì)...de</em></span> construction is used. </p>
                        <p>In <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi shénme
                                    shíhou láide?</em></span> the additional information is the time
                            when something happens. </p>
                        <p>In <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">Tā shi yíge rén
                                    láide ma?</em></span> the information asked for is the manner in
                            which something takes place. </p>
                        <p>Other possible focus points are place, cause of action, goal of action,
                            and performer of action.</p>
                        <p>Now let's take a look at how <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span> and <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">de</em></span>
                            function separately in this construction. The verb <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                            >shì</em></span>, coming before the phrase which is the center of
                            interest, serves as a signal that what follows is emphasised. The verb
                            "to "be" is often used in a similar way in English to mark the center of
                            interest:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shi zuótiān láide
                                                  ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; ">Was it yesterday that he
                                            came?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>Another way of showing the center of interest in English is by word
                            stress. Here is a comparison between focusing in Chinese with <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >(shì)...de</em></span> and focusing in English with stress:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā lái le
                                            ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Has he come?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Lái le.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Yes, he has.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shi zuótiān láide
                                                  ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Did he come
                                            YESTERDAY?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Shì, tā shi zuótiān láide.</em></span></td>
                                        <td>Yes, YESTERDAY.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>The marker <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">de</em></span>
                            coming after the verb indicates completion. When the marker <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">de</em></span>
                            is not used in the sentence, that sentence no longer describes a
                            completed event. The marker <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span> by itself emphasizes
                            something about the action.</p>
                        <p> Compare these sentences:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā shi jīntiān
                                                lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">She is coming
                                            (later) today.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā shi jīntiān láide.</em></span></td>
                                        <td>She came (earlier) today.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>For the time being, you will not use <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span> without <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                            >de</em></span>.</p>
                        <p>The negative form of the <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">(shì)...de</em></span> construction is
                                <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">bú
                                    shi...de</em></span> . Compare this with the negatives you have
                            already learned:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                    <col class="c3" />
                                    <col class="c4" />
                                    <col class="c5" />
                                    <col class="c6" />
                                    <col class="c7" />
                                    <col class="c8" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">shi</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">zuótiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">-de</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">It was YESTERDAY
                                            that he came.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >bú</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >zuótiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >lái</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >-de</em></span></td>
                                        <td>It wasn't YESTERDAY that he came.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                    <col class="c3" />
                                    <col class="c4" />
                                    <col class="c5" />
                                    <col class="c6" />
                                    <col class="c7" />
                                    <col class="c8" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">le.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He has come.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >hái</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >méi</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                        <td>He hasn't come.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                    <col class="c3" />
                                    <col class="c4" />
                                    <col class="c5" />
                                    <col class="c6" />
                                    <col class="c7" />
                                    <col class="c8" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">míngtiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">He is coming
                                            tomorrow.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >míngtiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >bù</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >lái.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                        <td>He isn't coming tomorrow.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>Notice that in a <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    >(shì)...de</em></span> construction the negative <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">bú</em></span>
                            precedes the verb <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >shì</em></span> rather than the main verb. Short answers are also
                            formed with <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span>
                            rather than with the main verb:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shi yíge rén láide
                                                  ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Did you come
                                            alone?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Shì, wǒ shì yíge rén
                                                  láide.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Yes, I came
                                            alone.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Búshì, wǒ bú shi yíge rén láide.</em></span></td>
                                        <td>No, I didn't come alone.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>The <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >(shì)...de</em></span> construction is not used in every
                            completed-action sentence containing a time, place, or manner phrase. If
                            the center of interest is still whether or not the action took place,
                                <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">le</em></span>
                            is used. If, for example, you knew that someone was expected to come
                            yesterday and you wanted to find out only whether he actually did come,
                            the conversation might go as follows:</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table style="border: none;">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                    <col class="c3" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Tā zuótiān méi lái
                                                ma?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">Didn't he COME
                                            yesterday?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Tā zuótiān lái le.</em></span></td>
                                        <td>He DID COME yesterday.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>Literally, <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase">yíge
                                rén</em></span> means "one person." When the expression is used to
                            describe how someone does something, translate it as "alone"</p>
                    </section>
                    <section class="section" title="Notes on №8-9" epub:type="division" id="d0e9124">
                        <div class="titlepage">
                            <div>
                                <div>
                                    <h5 class="title">Notes on №8-9</h5>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col1" />
                                    <col style="text-align: center; " class="col2" />
                                    <col class="col3" />
                                    <col class="col4" />
                                    <col class="col5" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >8.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Nǐ shénme shíhou
                                                zǒu?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >你什么时候走？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">When are you
                                            leaving?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Wǒ jīntiān
                                            zǒu.</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >我今天走。</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">I'm leaving
                                            today.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; "> </td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >9.</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                            >A:</td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">Nǐ něitiān
                                            zǒu?</em></span></td>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >你哪天走？</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">What day are you
                                            leaving?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            > </td>
                                        <td style="text-align: center; border-right: 1px solid ; "
                                            >B:</td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >Wǒ jīntiān zǒu.</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Hani" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >我今天走。</em></span></td>
                                        <td>I'm leaving today.</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>The word for "day" is the bound word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">-tiān</em></span>. To ask "what day"
                            (literally "which day"), the bound word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">něi-</em></span> "which," is combined with
                            the bound word <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                    ><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >-tiān</em></span>, "day": <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">něitiān</em></span> (like <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >něiguó</em></span>, "which country").</p>
                        <div class="informaltable">
                            <table
                                style="border-collapse: collapse; border-top: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; border-left: 1px solid ; border-right: 1px solid ; ">
                                <colgroup>
                                    <col class="c1" />
                                    <col class="c2" />
                                </colgroup>
                                <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">něitiān?</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">what day?/which
                                            day?</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">qiántiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">day before
                                            yesterday</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">zuótiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">yesterday</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">jīntiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">today</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td
                                            style="border-right: 1px solid ; border-bottom: 1px solid ; "
                                                ><span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                                  class="foreignphrase">míngtiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td style="border-bottom: 1px solid ; ">tomorrow</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td style="border-right: 1px solid ; "><span
                                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                                  xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                                  >hòutiān</em></span></td>
                                        <td>day after tomorrow</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </tbody>
                            </table>
                        </div>
                        <p>Some speakers say the <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">-tiān</em></span> in these words in the
                            Neutral tone: <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >qiántian</em></span>,<span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">zuótian</em></span>, <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >jīntian</em></span>, <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                    class="foreignphrase">míngtian</em></span>, <span
                                xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"><em
                                    xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin" class="foreignphrase"
                                >hòutian</em></span>.</p>
                    </section>
                </section>
            </section>
            <section class="section" title="Drills" epub:type="division" id="d0e9270">
                <div class="titlepage">
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <h3 class="title">Drills</h3>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <p></p>
            </section>
            <section class="section" title="Criterion test" epub:type="division" id="d0e9275">
                <div class="titlepage">
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <h3 class="title">Criterion test</h3>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <p></p>
            </section>
            <section class="section" title="Appendices" epub:type="division" id="d0e9280">
                <div class="titlepage">
                    <div>
                        <div>
                            <h3 class="title">Appendices</h3>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <p></p>
                <section class="section" title="Appendix" epub:type="division" id="d0e9284">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Appendix </h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p></p>
                </section>
                <section class="section" title="Appendix" epub:type="division" id="d0e9288">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Appendix </h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p></p>
                </section>
                <section class="section" title="Appendix" epub:type="division" id="d0e9292">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Appendix </h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p></p>
                </section>
                <section class="section" title="Appendix" epub:type="division" id="d0e9296">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Appendix </h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p></p>
                </section>
                <section class="section" title="Appendix" epub:type="division" id="d0e9300">
                    <div class="titlepage">
                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <h4 class="title">Appendix </h4>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <p></p>
                </section>
            </section>
            <div class="footnotes" epub:type="footnotes">
                <br />
                <hr class="footnote-hr" />
                <div id="ftn.d0e8684" class="footnote" epub:type="footnote">
                    <p><a href="#d0e8684" class="para"><sup class="para">[5] </sup></a>On occasion,
                        a speaker may omit the <span xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                            class="foreignphrase"><em xml:lang="cmn-Latn-pinyin"
                                class="foreignphrase">shì</em></span> (which is why it is written in
                        parentheses in these notes).</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </section><footer></footer></body>
</html>