Demipuppet
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FSI-Chinese-text


			
				
					
						
						
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<p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">CM 0180 S</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><a name="bookmark0"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">STANDARD CHINESE</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:12pt 0pt 222pt 18pt;"><a name="bookmark1"></a><span class="font9">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:222pt 0pt 27pt 18pt;"><a name="bookmark2"></a><span class="font10">STUDENT TEXT</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 19pt 138pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark3"></a><span class="font5">MODULE 1: ORIENTATION MODULE 2: BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:138pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font3">SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">This publication is to be used primarily in support of instructing military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Defense Language Institute</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Foreign Language Center</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Nonresident Training Division</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 25pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of view, are sometimes included in the language instruction for DLIFLC students since military personnel may find themselves in positions where a clear understanding of conversations or written materials of this nature will be essential to their mission. The presence of controversial statements-whether real br apparent-in DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, the DLIFLC, or the Department of Defense.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional materials to provide instruction in pronunciations and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the language. It does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise, nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not mentioned.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">In DLIFLC publications, the words </span><span class="font3" style="font-style:italic;">he, him,</span><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"> and/or </span><span class="font3" style="font-style:italic;">his</span><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"> denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">The DLIFLC may not have full rights to the materials it produces. Purchase by the customer does net constitute authorization for reproduction, resale, or showing for profit. Generally, products distributed by the DLIFLC may be used in any not-for-profit setting without prior approval from the DLIFLC.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 193pt;"><a name="bookmark4"></a><span class="font8">PREFACE</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:24pt 10pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U«S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials, to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 53pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department<sup>f</sup>s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined &quot;by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins» and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI);</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 64pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Kazuo Shitaaia (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 30pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and CaQadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 10pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia 0*Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977* Lucille A. Barale vas appointed deputy project coordinator• David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development•</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Writers for the first half of the materials vere John H. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">T.</span><span class="font24"> Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and rioberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;"><sub>9</span><span class="font24"></sub> and also designed the communica-tion-'based classroom activities and wrote the teacher's guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 30pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">By 19</span><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">8 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Jtodule 6.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chi Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 31pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bovden, Jill W. ELlis，Donna Fong, Renee T. C. l^iang,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:15pt 11pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The production of tape recordings vas directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script vas voiced *by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 31pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 31pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Standard Chinese: A Modular </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Approach</span><span class="font24"> vas field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:9pt 31pt 30pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.</span></p><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-1.png" style="width:245pt;height:80pt;"/>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 8pt;"><a name="bookmark5"></a><span class="font8">CONTENTS</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark4">Preface...............................iii</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Introduction</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:3pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark6">Section I: About the Course...................1</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:3pt 3pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark7">Section II: Background Notes...................8</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">MODULE 1: ORIENTATION</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Objectives........................ . . . . 16</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark8">List of Tapes...........................17</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark9">Target Lists ........................... 18</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 1</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark10">Introduction.........................22</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark11">Reference List........ • • • .............26</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark12">Vocabulary..........................27</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Reference Notes...................* .... 28</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 48pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark13">Full names and surnames Titles and terms of address Drills............................32</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 2</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark14">Introduction ......................... 3U</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark15">Reference List........................35</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark16">Vocabulary..........................</span><span class="font16">36</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark17">Reference Notes ........................ 37</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 72pt;"><span class="font24">Given names Yes/no questions Negative statements Greetings</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Drills.......................</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">. .... kl</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 3</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark18">Introduction ......................... U8</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark19">Reference List........................“9</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark20">Vocabulary....................... . . .</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark21">Unit Map...........................52</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark22">Reference Notes ........................ 53</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 72pt;"><span class="font24">Nationality</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 48pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark23">Home state, province, and city Drills............................56</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT U</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark24">Introduction ......................... 60</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark25">Reference List........................6l</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark26">Vocabulary..........................62</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark27">Unit Map...........................63</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark28">Reference Notes....................... • 6U</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 72pt;"><span class="font24">Location of people and places Where people's families are from</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark29">Drills...........................69</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark30">Criterion Test Sample ......................75</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font24">Appendices</span></p>
<p><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark31">I &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I. Map of China......................80</a></span></p>
<p><span class="font32"><a href="#bookmark32">：</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;II. Map of Taiwan......................8l</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark33">III. Countries and Regions..................82</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark34">IV, American States.....................8U</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark35">V. Canadian Provinces................. • • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font16">85</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark36">VI* ConiDon Chinese Names..................86</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark37">VII, Chinese Provinces ........................................</span><span class="font16">87</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 57pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark38">VIII, Chinese Cities.....................88</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">MODULE 2: BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark39">Objectives...........................</span><span class="font16">89</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark40">List of Tapes..........................90</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark41">Target Lists..........................91</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 1</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark42">Introduction........................99</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark43">Reference List.......................99</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark44">Vocabulary........................100</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark45">Reference Notes ...................... 101</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 97pt;"><span class="font24">Where people are staying (hotels)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 97pt;"><span class="font24">Short answers</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 97pt;"><span class="font24">The question word neige &quot;which?&quot;</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark46"></a><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark47">Drills...............<sub>.</sub>..........105</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 51pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 2</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:3pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark48">Introduction ......................Ill</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark49">Reference List......................、112</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark50">Vocabulary........................llU</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark51">Reference Rotes ......................115</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 97pt;"><span class="font24">Where people are staying (houses)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 97pt;"><span class="font24">Where people are working Addresses The marker de The marker ba The prepositional verb zal Drills..........~...............120</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 51pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 3</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark52">Introduction.......................12 </span><span class="font32">了</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark53">Reference List .......................</span><span class="font16">128</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark54">Vocabulary........................130</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark55">Reference Notes ..................... 131</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 97pt;"><span class="font24">Members of a family</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 97pt;"><span class="font24">The plural ending -men</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 97pt;"><span class="font24">The question word jl- <sup>!f</sup>how many”</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 25pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark56">The adverb dou all Several ways to express <sup>n</sup>and<sup>M</sup> Drills • • ............... • • ..........136</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">[JNIT </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark57">Introduction...................... • • • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 </span><span class="font32">从</span></a></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark58">Reference List.....•...................1^5</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark59">Vocabulary..........................1^6</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark60">Reference Notes ................ ••••••• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1^7</a></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Arrival and departure times The marker le The shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">…de</span><span class="font24"> construction Drills............................153</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 5</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark61">Introduction.........................1^2</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark62">Reference List........................163</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark63">Vocatxilary..........................165</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark64">Reference Notes ....................... 166</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">Date and place of birth Days of the week Ages</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 25pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark65">The marker le </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">for</span><span class="font24"> new situations Drills . . . . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;....................1T1</span></a></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 6</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Introduction.............<sub>.</sub>......... • • 1T8</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark66">Reference List • • • ...............................179</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Vocabulary........................ . • 180</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark67">Reference Notes ................................l8l</a></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Duration phrases</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">The marker le for completion</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">The &quot;double </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">le”</span><span class="font24"> construction</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">The marker guo</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Action verts</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">State verbs</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Drills.....................188</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">UBIT </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">7</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Introduction. ......................* • • 196</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Reference List..................... • • • 19</span><span class="font32">了</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Vocabulary.......... ......</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">.</span><span class="font24">.........199</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Reference Notes ............ ••••••«••*• 200</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where someone vorks</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where and vhat someone has studied</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">What languages someone can speak</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Auxiliary verbs</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">General objects</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark68">Drills............................20U</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">UNIT 8</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark69">Introduction.........................213</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark70">Reference List........................2lU</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark71">Vocabulary..........................215</a></span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark72">Reference Notes ....................... 216</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">More on duration phrases</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 58pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">The marker le for nev situations in negative sentences Military titles and branches of service The marker </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font24"> Process verbs</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">Drills............................223</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 22pt;"><a name="bookmark10"></a><span class="font8">INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 21pt 1pt;"><a name="bookmark6"></a><span class="font8">SECTION I: ABOUT THE COURSE</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:21pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">This course is designed to give you a practical command of spoken Standard Chinese. You will learn both to understand and to speak it. Although Standard Chinese is one language, there are differences betveen the particular form it takes in Beijing and the form it takes in the rest of the country. There are also, of course, significant nonlinguistic differences between regions of the country. Reflecting these regional differences</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> the settings for most conversations are Beijing and Taipei.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">This course represents a nev approach to the teaching of foreign languages. In many ways it redefines the roles of teacher and student, of classvork and homework, and of text and tape. Here is what you should</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">expect:</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The focus is on communicating in Chinese in practical situations—the obvious ones you will encounter upon arriving in China. You vill be communicating in Chinese most of the time you are in class. You will not always &quot;be talking about real situations, &quot;but you will almost alvays be purposefully exchanging information in Chinese.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">This focus on communicating means that the teacher is first of all your conversational partner. Anything that forces hizn^ back into the traditional roles of lecturer and drillmastar limits your opportunity to interact with a speaker of the Chinese language and to experience the language in its full spontaneity, flexibility</span><span class="font16"><sub>5</span><span class="font24"></sub> and responsiveness.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Using class time for communicating, you will complete other course activities out of class whenever possible. This is vhat the tapes are for. They introduce the nev material of each unit and give you as much additional practice as possible vithout a conversational partner.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The texts suminarize and supplement the tapes, vhich take you through new material step &quot;by step and then give you intensive practice on vhat you have covered. In this course you will spend almost all your time listening to Chinese and saying things in Chinese, either vith the tapes or in class.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Hov the Course Is Organized</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:12pt 39pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The subtitle of this course, &quot;A Modular Approach,&quot; refers to overall organization of the materials into MODULES vhich focus on particular situations or language topics and which allow a certain amount of choice as to vhat is taught and in what order. To highlight equally significant features of the course, the subtitle could Just as well have &quot;been ”A Situational Approach,&quot; <sup>11</sup>A Taped-Input Approach，&quot; or <sup>11</sup>A Communicative Approach/<sup>1</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ten situational modules form the core of the course:</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">ORIENTATION (ORN) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Talking about who you are and where</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">you are from.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION (BIO) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Talking about your &quot;background</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">family,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 6pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">studies, and occupation and about your visit to China.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">MONEY (MON) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Making purchases and changing money.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">DIRECTIONS (DIR) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Asking directions in a city or in a</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">building.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">TRANSPORTATION (TRH) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taking buses, taxis, trains, and</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 6pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">planes, including finding out schedule information, &quot;buying tickets, and making reservations•</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">ARRANGING A MEETING (MTG) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arranging a business meeting or a</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 6pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">social get-together, changing the time of an appointment, and declining an invitation.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">SOCIETY (SOC) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Talking about families, relationships</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 39pt 6pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">betveen people, cultural roles in traditional society, and cultural trends in modern society.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">TRAVELING IN CHINA (TRL) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Making travel arrangements and visit</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 6pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">ing a kindergarten, the Great Wall, the Ming Tombs, a comune, and a factory.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">LIFE IN CHINA (LIC) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Talking about daily life in Beijing</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 19pt 6pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">street committees, leisure activities, traffic and transportation, buying and rationing, housing.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">TALKING ABOUT THE NEWS (TAN) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Talking about government and party</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 19pt 12pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">policy changes described in newspapers: the educational system, -agricultural policy, international policy, ideological policy, and policy in the arts.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Each core module consists of tapes, a student textbook, and a workbook.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 14pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In addition to the ten CORE modules, ther.e are also RESOURCE modules and OPTIONAL modules*. Resource modules teach particular systems in the language, such as numbers and dates. As you proceed through a situational core module, you vill occasionally take time out to study part of a resource module. (You vill begin the first* three of these while studying the Orientation Module.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">PRONUNCIATION AND ROMANIZATION (P&amp;R) The sound system of Chinese and the</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">Pinyin system of romanization.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">NUMBERS (NUM) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Numbers up to five digits•</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS (CE) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expressions &quot;basic to the classroom</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">learning situation•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">TIME AND DATES (T&amp;D) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dates, days of the week, clock time,</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">parts of the day.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">GRAMMAR &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Aspect and verb types, word order,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 9pt 223pt;"><span class="font24">multisyllabic verbs and auxiliary verbs„ complex sentences, adverbial expressions.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 18pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Each module consists of tapes and a student texfbook.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:18pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The eight optional modules focus on particular situations:</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">RESTAURANT (RST)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">HOTEL (HTL)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">PERSONAL WELFARE (WLF)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">POST OFFICE AND TELEPHONE (PST/TEL)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">CAB (CAB)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">CUSTOMS SURROUNDING MARRIAGE, BIRTH, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">MD</span><span class="font24"> DEATH </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">{MED)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">NEW YEAR<sup>!</sup>S CELEBRATION (NYH)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS (l&amp;0)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 14pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Each module consists of tapes and a student textbook. These optional modules may be used at any time after certain core modules,</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:33pt 14pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The diagram on page </span><span class="font32">紅</span><span class="font24"> shows hov the core modules<sub>9</sub> optional modules，and resource modules fit together in the course. Resource modules are shown where study should begin. Optional modules are shovn where they may be introduced.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;"><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-2.png" style="width:467pt;height:625pt;"/></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Inside a Core Module</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Each core module has from four to eight units. A module also includes</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Objectives</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> The module objectives are listed at the beginning of the text for each module. Read these before starting work on the first unit to fix in your mind what you are trying to accomplish and what you vill have to do to pass the test at the end of the module.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 10pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Target Lists: These follow the objectives in the text. They summarize the language content of each unit in the form of typical questions and answers on the topic of that unit. Each sentence is given both in roman-ized Chinese and in English. Turn to the appropriate Target List before, during, or after your work on a unit, whenever you need to pull together what is in the unit.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 31pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Review</span><span class="font24"> Tapes </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(R-l)</span><span class="font24">: The Target List sentences are given on these tapes. Except in the short Orientation Module, there are two R-l tapes for each module</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 10pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Criterion Test: After studying each module, you will take a Criterion Test to find out which module objectives you have met and which you need to work on &quot;before &quot;beginning to study another module.</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Inside a Unit</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Here is what you vill be doing in each unit. First, you will vork</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">through two tapes:</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Comprehension Tape 1 (C-l): This tape introduces all the new words and structures in the unit and lets you hear them in the context of short conversational exchanges. It then works them into other short conversations and longer passages for listening practice, and finally reviews them in the Target List sentences. Your goal when using the tape is to under-stand all the Target List sentences for the unit.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 20pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Production Tape 1 (P-l): This tape gives you practice in pronouncing the new words and in saying the sentences you learned to understand on the C-l tape. Your goal when using the P-l tape is to &quot;be able to produce any of the Target List sentences in Chine” when given the English equivalent.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 10pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The C-l and P-l tapes, not accompanied by workbooks, are ”portable,’ in the sense that they do not tie you down to your desk. However, there are some written materials for each unit which you will need to work into your study routine. A text Reference List at the beginning of each unit contains the sentences from the C-l and P-l tapes. It includes both the Chinese sentences and their English equivalents. The text Reference Notes restate and expand the comments made on the C-l and P-l tapes concerning grammar, vo-cabulary, pronunciation, and culture.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 20pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">After you have worked with the C-l and P-l tapes, you go on to two class activities: 3. Target List </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Review</span><span class="font24">: In this first class activity of the unit, you find out how well you learned the C-l and P-l sentences. The teacher checks your understanding and production of the Target List sentences. He also presents any additional required vocabulary items, found at the end of the Target List, vhich were not on the C-l and P-l tapes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 16pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">U. Structural Buildup: During this class activity, you work on your understanding and control of the new structures in the unit. You respond to questions from your teacher about situations illustrated on a chalkboard or explained in other ways.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 28pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">After these activities, your teacher may want you to spend some time vorking on the drills for the unit.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 16pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Drill Tape: This tape takes you through various types of drills based on the Target List sentences and on the additional required vocabulary.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 16pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Drills: The teacher may have you go over some or all of the drills in class, either to prepare for work with the tape, to review the tape, or to replace it.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 16pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Next，you use two more tapes. These tapes vill give you as much additional practice as possible outside of class.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 16pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Comprehension Tape 2 </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(C-2)</span><span class="font24">: This tape provides advanced listening practice with exercises containing long, varied passages which fully exploit the possibilities of the material covered. In the C-2 Workbook you answer questions about the passages.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Production Tape 2 </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(P-2)</span><span class="font24">: This tape resembles the Structural Buildup</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 16pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">in that you practice using the new structures of the unit in various situations. The P-2 Workbook provides instructions and displays of information for each exercise.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 68pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Following work on these two tapes, you take part in two class activities:</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 16pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exercise </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Review</span><span class="font24">: The teacher reviews the exercises of the C-2 tape by reading or playing passages from the tape and questioning you on them. He reviews the exercises of the P-2 tape by questioning you on information displays in the P-2 Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 16pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">10. Communication Activities: Here you use what you have learned In the unit for the purposeful exchange of information. Both fictitious situations (in Communication Games) and real-world situations involving you and your classmates (in ”intervievs</span><span class="font32">”）</span><span class="font24"> are used.</span></p>
<table>
<tr><td>
<p><span class="font24">Materials and Activities for a Unit</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">TAPED MATERIALS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">WRITTEN MATERIALS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">CLASS ACTIVITIES</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">C-l, P-l Tapes</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 21pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Target List Reference List Reference Notes</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Target List Review</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">D-l Tapes</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Drills</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 36pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Structural Buildup Drills</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">C-2, P-2 Tapes</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 21pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Reference Notes C-2, P-2 Workbooks</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Exercise Review Communication Activities</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;"><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-3.png" style="width:284pt;height:199pt;"/></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Wen wu Temple in central Taiwan (courtesy of Thomas Madden)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 226pt 24pt 4pt;"><a name="bookmark73"></a><span class="font8">SECTION II BACKGROUND NOTES: ABOUT CHINESE</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:24pt 0pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">The Chinese Languages</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">We find it perfectly natural to talk about a language called ”Chinese.&quot; We say, for example, that the people of China speak different dialects of Chinese, and that Confucius wrote in an ancient form of Chinese• On the other hand, we would never think of saying that the people of Italy,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 20pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">France, Spain, and Portugal speak dialects of one language, and that Julius Caesar wrote in an ancient form of that language. But the facts are almost exactly parallel.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 33pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Therefore, in terms of vhat we think of as a language when closer to home, &quot;Chinese” is not one language, but a family of languages. The language of Confucius is partway up the trunk of the family tree. Like Latin, it lived on as a literary language long after its death as a spoken language in popular use. The seven modern languages of China, traditionally known as the &quot;dialects,&quot; are the branches of the tree. They share as strong a family resemblance as do Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, and are about as different from one another.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:33pt 12pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">The predominant language of China is now known as Pǔtonghua, or &quot;Standard Chinese” (literally ”the common speech”). The more traditional term, still used in Taiwan, is Guoyu<sub>%</sub> or &quot;Mandarin” (literally ”the national language&quot;). Standard Chinese is spoken natively by almost two-thirds of the population of China and throughout the greater part of the country.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">The term &quot;Standard Chinese&quot; is often used more narrowly to refer to the true national language which is emerging. This language, which is already the language of all national broadcasting, is based primarily on the 'Peking dialect, but takes in elements from other dialects of Standard Chinese and even from other Chinese languages. Like many national languages, it is more widely understood than spoken, and is often spoken with some concessions to local speech, particularly in pronunciation.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 33pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">The Chinese languages and their dialects differ far more in pronunciation than in grammar and vocabulary. What distinguishes Standard Chinese most from the other Chinese languages, for example» is that it has the fewest tones and the fevest final consonants.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:33pt 12pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">The remaining six Chinese languages, spoken by approximately a quarter of the population of China, are tightly grouped in the southeast, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">telov</span><span class="font24"> the Yangtze River. The six are: the Wu group (Wu), which includes the ”Shanghai dialect</span><span class="font32">”；</span><span class="font24"> Hunanese (Xiang); the &quot;Kiangsi dialect&quot; (Gan</span><span class="font32">)；</span><span class="font24"> Cantonese (Yuě</span><span class="font32">)， </span><span class="font24">the language of Guāngdōng, widely spoken in Chinese communities in the United States; Fukienese (Min), a variant of which is spoken by a majority</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 24pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">on Taiwan and hence called Taiwanese; and Hakka (Kě.Hā), spoken in a belt above the Cantonese area, as well as by a minority on Taiwan. Cantonese, Fukienese, and Hakka are also widely spoken throughout Southeast Asia.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 10pt 57pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">There are minority ethnic groups in China who speak non-Chinese languages • Some of these, such as Tibetan, are distantly related to the Chinese languages. Others, such as Mongolian, are entirely unrelated.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:57pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Some Characteristics of Chinese</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:15pt 10pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">To us, perhaps the roost striking feature of spoken Chinese is the use of variation in tone (&quot;tones</span><span class="font32">”）</span><span class="font24"> to distinguish the different meanings of syllables which vould otherwise sound alike. All languages» and Chinese is no exception, znaKe use of sentence intonation to indicate how whole sentences are to &quot;be understood. In English, for example, the rising pattern in &quot;He’s gone?&quot; tells us that the sentence is meant as a question.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The Chinese tones, however, are quite a different matter. They &quot;belong to individual syllables, not to the sentence as a whole. An inherent part of each Standard Chinese syllable is one of four distinctive tones. The tone does just as much to distinguish the syllable as do the consonants and vowels. For example, the only difference between the verb ”to buy,'<sup>f</sup> and the verb ’’to sell, mai, is the Low tone (<sup>w</sup>) and the Falling tone (<sup>v</sup>). And ye.t these vords are Just as distinguishable as our words ”&quot;buy” and <sup>Tl</sup>guy,&quot; or ”&quot;buy” and ’’boy•” Apart from the tones, the sound system of Standard Chinese is no more different from English than French is.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 10pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Word formation in Standard Chinese is relatively simple. For one thing, there are no conjugations such as are found in many European languages . Chinese verbs have fever forms than English </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">verbs</span><span class="font24">, and nowhere near as many irregularities • Chinese grainmar relies heavily on word order, and often the word order is the same as in English. For these reasons Chinese is not as difficult for Americans to learn to speak as one might think.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">It is often said that Chinese is a monosyllabic language. This notion contains a good deal of truth. It has been found that, on the average, every other vord in ordinary conversation is a single-syllable word. Moreover, although most words in the dictionary have two syllables, and some have more，these vords can almost alvays be broken down into singlesyllable units of meaning, many of which can stand alone as words.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Written Chinese</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 12pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Most languages with vhich ve are familiar are written with an alphabet. The letters may &quot;be different from ours, as in the Greek alphabet, *but the principle is the same: one letter for each consonant or vovel sound, more or less. Chinese, however, is written with &quot;characters&quot; which stand for whole syllables--in fact, for </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">yhole</span><span class="font24"> syllables vith particular meanings. Although there are only about thirteen hundred phonetically distińct syllables in standard Chinese, there are several thousand Chinese characters in everyday use, essentially one for each single-syllable unit of meaning. This means that many words have the same pronunciation &quot;but are written with different characters, as </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiān,</span><span class="font24"> ”sky</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">&quot;</span><span class="font32">天</span><span class="font24">，and tiān, &quot;to add,” &quot;to increase，&quot; </span><span class="font32">添</span><span class="font24">. Chinese characters are often referred to as <sup>Tf</sup>ideographs,which suggests that they stand directly for ideas. But this is misleading. It is better to think of them as standing for the meaningful syllables of the spoken language.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 20pt 33pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Minimal literacy in Chinese calls for knowing about a thousand characters .These thousand characters» in combination, give a reading vocabulary of several thousand words. Full literacy calls for knowing some three thousand characters. In order to reduce the amount of time needed to learn characters, there has been a vast extension in the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic of China (PRC) of the principle of character simplification, which has reduced the average number of strokes per character by half.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:33pt 12pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">During the past century, various systems have been proposed for representing the sounds of Chinese with letters of the Roman alphabet. One of these romanizations, Hanyu Pinyin (literally ”Chinese Language Spelling, generally called <sup>n</sup>Pinyin in English), has &quot;been adopted officially in the PRC, with the short-term goal of teaching all students the Standard Chinese pronunciation of characters. A long-range goal is the use of Pinyin for written communication throu^iout the country. This is not possible, of course, until speakers across the nation have uniform pronunciations of Standard Chinese. For the time being, characters<sub>s</sub> which represent meaning, not pronunciation, are still the most widely accepted way of coaaaunicating in witing.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 30pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Pinyin uses all of the letters in our alphabet except v, and adds the letter u. The spellings of some of the consonant sounds are rather arbitrary from our point of view, but for every consonant sound there is only one letter or one combination of letters, and vice versa. You vill find that each vowel letter can stand for different vowel sounds, depending on what letters precede or follow it in the syllable • The four tones are indicated by accent marks over the vowels, and the Neutral tone by the absence of an accent mark:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">High:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">mā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Falling: mā</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Rising:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">ma</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Neutral</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> ma</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Low:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">mǎ</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 59pt;"></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 14pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">One reason often given for the retention of characters is that they can be read, with the local pronunciation, by speakers of all the Chinese languages. Probably a stronger reason for retaining them is that the characters help keep alive distinctions of meaning between words, and connections of meaning between vords, which are fading in the spoken language. On the other hand, a Cantonese cotild learn to speak Standard Chinese, and read it alphabetically, at least as easily as he can learn several thousand characters.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 14pt 57pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Pinyin is used throughout this course to provide a simple written representation of pronunciation. The characters, which are chiefly responsible for the reputation of Chinese as a difficult language, are taught separately.</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font8">BACKGROUND NOTES: ABOUT CHINESE CHARACTERS</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Each Chinese character is written as a fixed sequence of strokes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">There are very few &quot;basic types of strokes, each with its ovn prescribed direction, length, and contour. The dynamics of these strokes as written with a &quot;brush, the classical writing instrument, shov up clearly even in printed characters. You can tell from the varying thickness of the stroke how tlje brush met the paper, hov it swooped, and how it lifted; these effects are largely lost in characters vritten with a 'ball-point pen.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 14pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The sequence of strokes is of particular importance. Let's take the character for &quot;moutli,” pronounced kou. Here it is as normally written, vith the order and directions of the strokes indicated.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">If the character is written rapidly, in &quot;running-style writing,<sup>M</sup> one stroke glides into the next, like this.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;"><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-4.png" style="width:71pt;height:48pt;"/></div><br clear="all"/><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-5.png" style="width:66pt;height:56pt;"/>
<p style="padding:24pt 14pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">If the strokes were written in any but the proper order, quite different distortions would take place as each stroke reflected the last and anticipated the next, and the character would be illegible.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The earliest surviving Chinese characters, inscribed on the Shang Dynasty &quot;oracle bones&quot; of about 1500 B.C., already included characters that vent beyond simple pictorial representation. There are some characters in use today vhich are pictorial, like the character for &quot;mouth.&quot; There are also some which are directly symbolic, like our Roman numerals I, II, and III. (The characters for these numbers—the first numbers you learn in this course--are like the Roman numerals turned on their sides.) There are some which are indirectly symbolic, like our Arabic numerals 1,2, and 3. But the most common type of character is complex, consisting of two parts: a &quot;phonetic, which suggests the pronunciation, and a ”radical,，’ which broadly characterizes the meaning. Let<sup>f</sup>s take the following character as an example.</span></p><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-6.png" style="width:59pt;height:69pt;"/>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 18pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">This character means &quot;ocean” and is pronounced yāng« The left side of the character, the three short strokes, is an abbreviation of a character which means &quot;water” and is pronounced shui. This is the &quot;radical.&quot; It has been borrowed only for its meaning, &quot;vater. The right side of the character above is a character which means &quot;sheep” and is pronounced ysbig. This is the ”phonetic/’ It has been borrowed only for its sound value, yang.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">A speaker of Chinese encountering the above character for the first time could probably figure out that the only Chinese word that sounds like yang and means something like <sup>f</sup>Vater<sup>,?</sup> is the word </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">y£ng</span><span class="font24"> meaning &quot;ocean,” We, as speakers of English<sub>9</sub> might not &quot;be able to figure it out. Moreover, phonetics and radicals seldom work as neatly as in this example. But we can still learn to make good use of these hints at sound and sense.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Many dictionaries classify characters in terms of the radicals.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">According to one of the two dictionary systems used, there are 1</span><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">6 radicals; in the other system, there are </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">2lk.</span><span class="font24"> There are over a thousand phonetics</span><span class="font32">。</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 18pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chinese has traditionally been vritten vertically, from top to bottom of the page, starting on the right-hand side, with the pages bound so that the first page is where ve would expect the last page to be* Nowadays, however, many Chinese publications paginate like Western publications, and the characters are written horizontally, from left to right</span><span class="font32">。</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark74"></a><span class="font8">BACKGROUND NOTES: ABOUT CHINESE PERSONAL NAMES AND TITLES</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:21pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">A Chinese personal name consists of two parts: a surname and a given name. There is no middle name. The order is the reverse of ours: surname first, given name last.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The most common pattern for Chinese names is a single</span><span class="font32">二</span><span class="font24">syllable surname followed by a two-syllatle given name:<a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark75">1</a></sup></span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Mao Zedōng (Mao Tse-tung)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōu Enlai (Chou En-lai)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Jiǎng Jiěshf (Chiang Kai-shek)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Song Qingling (Soong Ch<sup>f</sup>ing-lingMme Sun Yat-sen)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Song Meillng (Soong Mei-iing--Mme Chiang Kai-shek)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">It is not uncommon, however, for the given name to consist of a single syllable:</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Zhū De (Chu Teh)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Lin Biāo (Lin Piao)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Hu Shi (Hu Shih)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Jiang Qlng (Chiang Ch</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">ing—Mme Mao Tse-tung)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 16pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">There are a few tvo-syllable surnames. These are usually followed by single-syllable given names:</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">SImǎ Guāng (Ssu-ma Kuang)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Ōuyang Xiū (Ou-yang Hsiu)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Zhūgě Liang (Chu-ke Liang)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">But two-syllable surnames may also be folloved by two-syllable given names</span><span class="font32">：</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 36pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Sīma Xiǎngrū (Ssu-ma Hsiang-ju)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:36pt 16pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">An exhaustive list of Chinese surnames includes several hundred written with a single character and several dozen written vith tvo characters.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Some single-syllable surnames sound exactly alike although written vith different characters, and to distinguish them</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> the Chinese nay occasionally have to describe the character or &quot;write&quot; it vith a finger on the palm of a hand. But the surnames that you are likely to encounter are fever than a hundred, and a handful of these are so common that they account for a good majority of China’s population.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:0pt 24pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Given names, as opposed to surnames, are not restricted to a limited list of characters, Men<sup>f</sup>s names are often but not always distinguishable from women</span><span class="font16"><sup>1</span><span class="font24"></sup>s; the difference, however, usually lies in the meaning of the characters and so is not readily apparent to the beginning student with a limited knowledge of characters.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:33pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Outside the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic the traditional system of titles is still in use. These titles closely parallel our own &quot;Mr”” &quot;Mrs•，” and ”Miss•” Notice, however, that all Chinese titles follow the name--either the full name or the surname alone—rather than preceding it.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The title &quot;Mr•” is Xiānsheng.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 300pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font24">MS Xiānsheng J45 MlnglI Xiānsheng</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The title &quot;Mrs.&quot; is Taitai* It follows the husband<sup>1</sup>s full name or surname alone.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">MS Taitai</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">MS MlnglI TeLitai</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:28pt;padding:9pt 24pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The title ”Miss” is XiSoJiě. The Ma family<sup>f</sup>s grown daughter, Děfēn, would *be</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:vertical-ideographic;">
<p><span class="font11">s &gt;a</span></p>
<p><span class="font11">M M</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Xiaojie Děfēn Xiaojie</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Even traditionally, outside the People<sup>T</sup>s Republic, a married woman does not take her husband<sup>1</sup>s name in the same sense as in our culture. If Miss Fang BSolfin marries Mr. MS MlnglS, she becomes Mrs, MS MinglY，but at the same time she remains Fang BSolan, She does not become Ma Baolan; there is no equivalent of ”Mrs. Mary Smith。” She may, however, add her husband<sup>?</sup>s surname to her own full name and refer to herself as Ma Fang BSolin. At work she is quite likely to continue as Miss Fang.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">These customs regarding names are still observed by icany Chinese today in various parts of the world. The titles carry certain connotations, however, when used in the PRC today: Taitai should not be used &quot;because it designates that woman as a member of the leisure class. Xiao.lig should not be used because it carries the connotation of being from a rich family.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:33pt 36pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In the People's Republic, the title &quot;Comrade，” TSngzhi, is used in place of the titles </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiānsheng</span><span class="font24">, Taitai</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> and Xiaojie. Ma Mlnglī would be</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 312pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">MS Tongzhi Ma MlnglI Tongzhi</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27pt;padding:0pt 33pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The title &quot;Comrade&quot; is applied to all, regardless of sex or marital status. A married* woman does not take her husband</span><span class="font16"><sup>1</sup>8</span><span class="font24"> name in any sense. MS Mlngli</span><span class="font16"><sup>1</span><span class="font24"></sup> s wife would be</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 306pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Fang T</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">ngzhi Fang Bǎolān Tongzhi</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:27pt;padding:9pt 33pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Children may *be given either the mother<sup>1</sup>s or the father<sup>f</sup>s surname at birth. In soxoe families one child has the father<sup>f</sup>s sumaiae, and another child has the mother's surname• MS Mlnglī<sup>f</sup>s and Fang BSolan<sup>9</sup>s grown daughter could be</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">MS T</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">ngzhi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">MS. Děfēn T</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">ngzhi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Their grown son could be</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Fang Tongzhi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Fang Ziqiang TSngzht</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27pt;padding:36pt 15pt 36pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Both in the PRC and elsewhere, of course, there are official titles and titles of respect in addition to the connnon titles ve have discussed here* Several of these will be introduced .later in the course.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27pt;padding:36pt 33pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">The</span><span class="font24"> question of adapting foreign </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">nameB</span><span class="font24"> to Chinese calls for special consideration. In the People<sup>1</sup>s Republic the policy is to assign. Chinese phonetic equivalents to foreign names. These approximations are often not as close phonetically as they might &quot;be</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> since the choice of appropriate written characters may *bring in nonphonetic considerations. (An attempt is usually made when transliterating to use characters with attractive meanings•) For the most part<sub>9</sub> the resulting names do not at all resemble Chinese names. For example, the official version of ”David Andersonis Daiwěi Anděsēn.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:27pt;padding:9pt 33pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">An older approach, still in use outside the PRC, is to construct a valid Chinese name that suggests the foreign name phonetically. For </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">exaxsple <sub>9</span><span class="font24"></sub> ”David Anderson&quot; might be An Dāwěi.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27pt;padding:9pt 33pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Sometimes, when a foreign surname has the same meaning as a Chinese surname, semantic suggestiveness is chosen over phonetic suggestiveness.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 15pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">For example, Wang, a common Chinese surname, means &quot;king,&quot; so &quot;Daniel King” might be rendered Wang Děniān.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:27pt;padding:9pt 33pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Students in this course will *be given &quot;both the official PRC phonetic equivalents of their names and Chinese-style names.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark76"></a><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">MODULE 2: BIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:24pt 18pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The Biographic Information Module provides you with linguistic and cultural skills needed for a simple conversation typical of a first-meeting situation in China. These skills include those needed at the beginning of a conversation (greetings, introductions, and forms of address), in the middle of a conversation (understanding and answering questions about yourself and your immediate family), and at the end of a conversation (leave-taking) -</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 18pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Before starting this module</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> you must take and pass the ORN Criterion Test. The resource modules Pronunciation and Romanization and Numbers (tapes 1-U) are also prerequisites to the BIO Module.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 18pt 57pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, &quot;but material from Module 1 and associated resource modules may also be included.</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 24pt 26pt;"><a name="bookmark39"></a><span class="font8">OBJECTIVES</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:24pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Upon successful completion of the module, the student should be able to</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 9pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pronounce correctly any word from the Target Lists of ORN or BIO, properly distinguishing sounds and tones, using the proper stress and neutral tones, and making the necessary tone changes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 9pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pronounce correctly any sentence from the BIO Target Lists, vith proper pauses and intonation, that is, vithout obscuring the tones vith English intonation.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 9pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Use polite formulas in asking and answering questions about identity (neune), health, age，and other basic information.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">U. Reply to questions with the Chinese equivalents of ”yes&quot; and ”no•”</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 9pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ask and answer questions about families, including who the members are, hov old they are, and where they are.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 18pt 9pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ask and answer questions about a stay in China, including the. date of arrival, location-purpose-duration of stay, previous visits, traveling companions, and date of departure.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 9pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ask and answer questions about work or study--identification of occupa-tion</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> the location, and the duration.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the BIO Target Lists.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">BIO</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 10pt 9pt 29pt;"><span class="font16">9</span><span class="font24">. Be able to say any Chinese sentence in the BIO Target Lists vhen cued with its English equivalent.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 81pt 29pt;"><span class="font24">10. Take part in a short Chinese conversation, using expressions included in the BIO Target List sentences.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:81pt 0pt 15pt 6pt;"><a name="bookmark77"></a><span class="font8">TAPES FOR BIO AND ASSOCIATED RESOURCE MODULES</span></p>
<table>
<tr><td>
<p><span class="font24">Biographic Information (BIO)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unit 1:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font16">1</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">C-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">1</span><span class="font24"> p-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1&amp;2 D-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">1 C-2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1 P-2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unit 2:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font16">2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">C-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">2 P-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">2 C-2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">2 P-2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unit 3</span><span class="font32">：</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">3</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">C-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">3 P-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">3&amp;“ D-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">3 C-2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">3 P-2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unit </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">C-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font24"> P-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font24"> C-2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font24"> P-2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unit 5</span><span class="font32">：</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">C-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">5 P-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">5&amp;6 D-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">5 C-2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">5 P-2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unit </span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font16">6</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">C-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24"> P-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24"> C-2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24"> P-2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unit 7</span><span class="font32">：</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">7</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">C-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24"> P-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7&amp;8 D-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24"> C-2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">7</span><span class="font24"> P-2</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unit </span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font16">8</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">C-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> P-l</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> C-2</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> P-2</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:15pt 10pt 21pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Units </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">1-h</span><span class="font24"> R-l Units 5-8 R-l</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 10pt 21pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Classroom Expressions </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(CE)</span><span class="font24"> CE 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 0pt 15pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Time and Dates </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(T&amp;D)</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">T&amp;D 1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T&amp;D 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">BIO</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:33pt 1pt 24pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark78"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 1 TARGET LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font16">1</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Qingvěn </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;"><sub>y</span><span class="font24"></sub> nl zhO. zai nar?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">May I ask, where axe you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Wo zhū zai Beijing F&amp;ndiSn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying at the BSijlng Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font16">2</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zhū zai něige filndiiin?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">Which hotel are you staying at?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">WS zhū zai něige fandian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying at that hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zhu zai zheige flǔidiān ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">Are you staying at this hotel?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Boi, w5 *bū zhň zai zheige fāndiSn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">No, I’m not staying at this hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">U.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl ziiO. zai Mlnzl Fandi&amp;n ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">Are you staying at the Nationalities Hotel?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bň</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> v5 bū zhū zai Mlnzū Fāndiān.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">No, I’m not•staying at the Nationalities Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Neivěi shi Gāo Těngzhi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">Which one is Comrade Gāo?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Něiwěi shi Gāo Těngzhi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">That one is Comrade Gāo.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">ZSo. Nudmkě Nushī </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">I</span><span class="font24"> Nln hǎo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">Good morning. Miss Novak! Hov are you.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">W5 hSn hSo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">I,m very veil.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi Měiguo narde rěn?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">Where are you from in America?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">WS shi Jiāzhōu Jivljīnshān rěn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">I’m from San Francisco, California.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:78pt 1pt 24pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark79"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 2 TARGET LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyou Jiā zsLi nali?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Where is your friend<sup>f</sup>s house?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Jiā zai DeLlI Jiē.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">His house is on Dali Street.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyoude dizhi shi•••?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">What is your friend’s address?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde dizhl shi DluLǐ Jiē Sishiěr-hao.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">His address is No. U2 Dali Street.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi Wěi ShiLoxlāo *ba?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">You are Major Weiss, aren*t you?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Shide.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Yes.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">NeL shi Guobln Dafandian ba?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">That is the Ambassador Hotel, isn<sup>f</sup>t it?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Shlde</span><span class="font16"><sub>9</span><span class="font24"></sub> na shi Guobln Dafilndiān.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Yes</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">that<sup>f</sup>s the Ambassador Hotel•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">NX zhū zai nelli ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Are you staying there?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Bň, vS zh\i zai zhěli.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">No, I<sup>f</sup>m staying here.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">NX pěngyou </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Tai*bSi gōngzud ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Does your friend work in Taipei?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ &quot;b1i zfiLi TaibSi gongzud; tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">He doesn^ work in Taipei; he works</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">z</span><span class="font32">盔</span><span class="font24">i Tiizhong gongzud.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">in Taichung.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Ni </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> n^li gōngzud?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where do you work?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zeli Wuguānchu gongzud.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">I work at the defense attache's</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p><span class="font24">OR</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">office•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">W</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> zcli ylnhing gongzud.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">I vork at a bank.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 219pt 12pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">lū</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">road</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:66pt 4pt 21pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark80"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 3 TARGET LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Nimen ySu hāizi ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Do you have any children?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Y8u, wSmen y5u.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, we have.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Liu Xiānsheng měiyou M?iguo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Mr. Liu doesn’t have any American</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">pěngyou.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">friends•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Nlmen y5u Jige nanhaizi, Jīge</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">How many boys and how many girls</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">nuhaizi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">do you have?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 23pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Women you liǎngge nanhaizi, ylge nuhaizi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">We have tvo boys and one girl.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Hū Xiānsheng Hu Taitai you jīge haizi?*</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">How many children do Mr. and Mrs. Hū have?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen ySu liangge haizi.</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">They have two children.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Shi nānhāizi, shi nuhaizi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Are they boys or girls?</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">D5u shi nuhaizi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Both of them are girls.</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Nīmen hāizi dōu zai zhěli ma?</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Are all your children here?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Bu, liǎngge zai zhěli</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> ylge hāi zai Měiguo.</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">No* Two are here, and one is still in America.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Nl jiali y5u shěnme rěn?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">What people are in your family?</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">YSu wo tāitai gēn sānge haizi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">There<sup>1</sup>s my wife and three children.</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">T.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Nl jiāli you shěnme rěn?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">What people are in your family?</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Jiu you wS fdqin, mǔqin</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Just my father and mother.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:39pt 230pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIOML REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">8.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">zht</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">only</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ālāi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">younger brother</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">10.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">gēge</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">older &quot;brother</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">11.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">JiSjie</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">older sister</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">12.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">měimei</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">younger sister</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">13.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">xlongdi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">brothers</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">lU.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">JiSměi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">sisters</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">15.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">xlongdi JiSměi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">brothers and sisters</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font16">16</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">f^mǔ</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">parents</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">17.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">zǔf\i</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">paternal grandfather</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font16">18</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">w w</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">zumu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">paternal grandmother</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">19.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">wāizǔfii</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">maternal grandfather</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">20.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">vaizum&amp;u</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">maternal grandmother</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">21.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">baba</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">papa, dad, father</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">22.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 117pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">mama</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">momma, mom, mother</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 159pt;"><a name="bookmark81"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 4 TARGET LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">1</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā ntfngtiān lai ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Is he coming tomorrow?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā yījlng lāi le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">He has already come.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">2</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyou lāi le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Has your friend come?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā hit měi(you) lai.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">She hasn't come yet.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ shi shěnme shfhou diLode?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">When did he arrive?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ shi zu</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">tiān dāode.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">He arrived yesterday.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">U.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi ylge rěn lāide ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Did you come alone?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bfl shi, w5 Wi shi ylge rěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">No, I didn<sup>f</sup>t come alone.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">JLaide.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl nSitiān z</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">u?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">What day are you leaving?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">W</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> Jintiān z</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">u.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">I’m leaving today.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 196pt 12pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">bdutiǎn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">the day after tomorrow</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">7-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">qiāntlān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">the day before yesterday</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">tiāntiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">every day</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">ěrzi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">son</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font16">10</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">nuer</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">daughter</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:78pt 0pt 24pt 159pt;"><a name="bookmark82"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 5 TARGET LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. Ni shi zeli nar shēngde?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">Where vere you born?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">WS shi zai Dězh5u shēngde.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">I was &quot;born in Texas.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. Nlmen xīngqijī zou?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">What day of the week are you leaving?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Women XIngq.Itiān zSu,</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">We are leaving on Sunday.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi nSiniān shěngde?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">What year were you born?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Wo shi yīj iǔsānj iunian shěngde.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">I was born in 1939.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi Jlyiiě jXhao shēngde?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">What is your month and day of birth?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Wo shi Qlyiie sthao shěngde.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">I vas born on July </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nī du5 dS le?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">How old are you?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">W5 sānshivu le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">I,m 35.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nlmen nanhaizi dou Jlsut le?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Hov old are your boys?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Ylge Jiǔsui le, ylge liūsui le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">One is nine, and one is six.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 230pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">houniān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">the year after next</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">jīnian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">this year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">zningnian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">next year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font16">10</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">qiajinian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">the year before last</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font16">11</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">quniān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">last year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font16">12</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">niinnian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 80pt;"><span class="font24">every year</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:78pt 3pt 21pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark83"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 6 TARGET LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font16">1</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">NI zhii duo Jiǔ?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Hov long are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zhu yinian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">rm staying one year.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. Nl teiitai zai Xianggang zhii</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">How long is your wife staying in</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">duo Jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Hong Kong?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">W5 xiSng tā zhii liSngtiān.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I think she is staying two d&amp;ys.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Nl xiǎng zai Taiwan zhū du</span><span class="font16">6</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Hov long are you thinking of</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Jiǔ?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">staying in Taiwan?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Wo xiāng zhū Huge yuě.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m thinking of staying six months.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Nī laile duo Jiu le?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">How long have you 'been here?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">WS laile liǎngge xīngql le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I have been here two weeks.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 23pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Nl tSitai zai Xianggang zhiile duo Jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Hov long did your wife stay in Hong Kong?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Ta zhule liǎngtiān.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">She stayed tvo days.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Li Taitai měi lai.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Mrs. Li didn't come.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Nl congqian laiguo ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Have you ever been here before?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 23pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">W5 congqian mei laiguo. Wo taitai liiguo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">I have never &quot;been here before. My wife has been here.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 227pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">to go</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Niǔ Yilē</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">New York</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:78pt 0pt 24pt 3pt;"><a name="bookmark84"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 7 TARGET LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. Nln zii nili gongzud?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Where do you work?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zai MSiguo GuovUyuiln gōngzuS.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I work vith the State Department.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. NI zii nāli gōngzuo?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Where do you work?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">WS shi xuěsheng.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m a student.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. NX l£i zu5 shěnme?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">What did you come here to do?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">W</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> lai niān shū.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I came here to study.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">U. Nl nieui shěnme?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">What are you studying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">WS xūě Zhōngwěn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m studying Chinese.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5, Nl zsLi delxiie niānguo Itshi ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Did you study history in college?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">Niitnguo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Yes.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">, Nlmen hui shuō Zhōngwěn ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Can you speak Chinese?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">W5 tāitai bū hui shuō, wo hui shuō yidian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Vfy</span><span class="font24"> wife can't speak it; I can speak a little.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Nīde Zhōngguo huā hSn hǎo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 12pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Nāli <sub>9</sub> nali. WS Jiii hui shuō yidiSn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Your Chinese is very good.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Not at all, not at all. I can speak only a little.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">8.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nali xuěde Zhōngvěn? W5 shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Huashěngd\hi xtiěde.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Where did you study Chinese? I studied it in Washington.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 227pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">JlngJixUě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">economics</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">10.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Riwěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">Japanese language</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">11.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">wěnxuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">literature</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">12.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">zhěngzhixiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">political science</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">13.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">nan</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">to &quot;be difficult</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Ik.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">rongyi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">to be easy</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">15.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">xuěxl (xuěxi)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 65pt;"><span class="font24">to study，to learn (PRC)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:78pt 6pt 21pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark85"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 8 TARGET LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">NX Jīntiān hai y5u kě ma? Měiyou kě le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Do you have any more classes today? I don't have any more classes.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl c6ngqiin ni&amp;i YIngwěn nilbcile du6 Jiǔ?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">How long did you study English?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">WS niān YIngwěn niānle lidnian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">I studied English for six years.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 3pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl nisln Filwěn niānle duo Jiǔ le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">W</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> nianle ytnian le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">How long have you &quot;been studying French?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>ve been studying it for one .year.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">U.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 3pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Quniin w5 hai *bū hui xiS Zhōngguo </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">XiānzSi w5 hui xie yidian le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 3pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Last year I couldn’t write Chinese characters.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Now I can vrite a little.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl f^qin shi Junrěn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Shi, tā shi hSiJxin Junguān.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Is your father a military man? Yes, he's a naval officer.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 42pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">. W5 Jīntiān &quot;bu lai le. W</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> *btng le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m not coming today• I<sup>f</sup>m sick.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 42pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">7- JIntiān hǎo le měiyou? Jīntiān hao le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font24">Are you better today? Today I'm better.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 141pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">kongjun</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">air force</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">lUjvn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">army</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font16">10</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">shibīng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">enlisted man</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font16">11</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">zu</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">to work</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font16">12</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Děwěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">German language</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">BIO</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:33pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><a name="bookmark86"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Topics Covered in This Unit</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1, Where people are staying (hotels),</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2• Short answers•</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. The question word nSige, ’’which•”</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Materials You Will Need</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 72pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The drill tape (lD-l).</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:72pt 0pt 24pt 22pt;"><a name="bookmark11"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(in</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">BSijlng)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Qlngvěn, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ńi</span><span class="font24"> zhu zai nar?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">May I ask, where are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zhu zai BSiJīng Fandian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">I*m staying at the BSijīng Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">NI zhu zai Mihzū F^ndiiin ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Are you staying at the Nationalities Hotel?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Shi, w5 zhu zai Mlnzū Fandian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, I<sup>f</sup>m staying at the Nationalities Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">3-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">NI zhu zai nSige fandian?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Which hotel are you staying at?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zai BSiJIng Fandiim-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying at the Beijing Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">N?iwěi shi Zhāng Tongzhi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Which one is Comrade Zhāng?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Zhāng Tongzhi•</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">She is Comrade Zhāng.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">5.*</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Něige rěn shi Měi Tongzhi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Which person is Comrade Měi?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Něige rěn shi Měi Tongzhi•</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">That person is Comrade Měi.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">. B: Neivěi shi Gāo TSngzhi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Which one is Comrade Gao?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">A: Neivěi shi Gāo TSngzhi-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">That one is Comrade Gāo.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">•* A: Hi zhū zai zhěige fandiSn ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Are you staying at this hotel?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">B: Bii, vo bū zhū zai zheige</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">No, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Vm</span><span class="font24"> not staying at this hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">fibidiSn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">8. B: Jiang T</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">ngzhi! Nln zSo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Comrade Jiāng! Good morning.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">A: ZSo. Nudmkě Nushl! Nln hS.o.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Good morning. Miss Novak! How are you.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">B: W5 hen h&amp;o.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">I.m very veil.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">9. A: QXngvěn, nl shi Měiguo nSrde rěn?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">May I ask, where are you from in America?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">B: VS shi Jiāzhou JiiiJ Znshan rěn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m from San Francisco, California.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr><td>
<p><span class="font8">VOCABULARY</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">fandieLn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">hotel</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">-ge</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(general counter)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">hSn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">very</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">JiňJ In shan</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">San Francisco</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Mlnzū FitndiSn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">Nationalities Hotel</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">něi-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">which</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">nSige?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">which?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">něige</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">that</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">něiwěi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">which one (person)?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">neivěi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">that one (person)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">nushi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(polite title for a married or unmarried woman) Ms. ; lady</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Shi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, that<sup>f</sup>s so.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">-wěi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(polite counter for people)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Zao.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">Good morning.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zhěi-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">this</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zhěige</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">this</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zhěivěi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">this one (person)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">to stay, to live</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">★This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 23pt;"><a name="bookmark17"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngvěn </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;"><sub>9</span><span class="font24"></sub> nl zh^ zai n&amp;r?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">May I ask, where are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zhū zai BSiJīng </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Fknāiin.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying at the BSijXng Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:30pt 0pt 12pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Notes </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">on No.</span><span class="font24"> 1</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 31pt 12pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">The verb zhū, &quot;to live/’ or &quot;to reside,<sup>M</sup> may &quot;be used to mean ”to stay at” (temporary residence) or &quot;to live in&quot; (permanent residence).</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 31pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Zhň zai n&amp;r literally means &quot;live at where •” The verb </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">z&amp;i</span><span class="font24">, &quot;to &quot;be in/ at/on,<sup>11</sup> is used here as a preposition, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It loses its tone in this</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 31pt 12pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">position in a sentence. (The use of </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> as a preposition is treated more fully in Unit 2.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 31pt 51pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">FSndiSn has two meanings”restaurant&quot; and &quot;hotel” (a relatively large hotel with modern facilities).<a name="footnote2"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark87">2</a></sup> Literally, fctndiSn means ”rice shop.”</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zh^ zai Mlnzū FiLndiSn ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Are you staying at the Nationalities Hotel?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Shi, wS zhit zai Mlnzli F&amp;idiin.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, I,m staying at the Nationalities Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:30pt 0pt 12pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Mote on Mo. 2</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 31pt 51pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Shi: The usual way to give a short affirmative answer is to repeat the verb used in the question. Some verbs, however, may not be repeated as short ansvers. Zhū is one such verb. Others not to </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">&quot;be</span><span class="font24"> used are xing, &quot;to &quot;be 8urnamed,<sup>ff</sup> and JiiLo, ”to &quot;be given-named.&quot; Many speakers do not repeat the vert zcli as a short answer. To give a short &quot;yes” answer to questions containing these verts, you use </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font24">.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">3_</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zhū zai neige fāndiim?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Which hotel are you staying at?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zhii zai B§iJ Ing Fāndiin.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">I*m staying at the BSiJIng Hotel•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Neivěi shi Zhang Tōngzhi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Which one is Comrade Zhāng?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Zhang T6ngzhi«</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">She is Comrade Zhang.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">.B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">NSige rěn shi Měi Tongzhi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Which person is Comrade Mei?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Něige rěn shi Měi Tongzhi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">That person is Comrade Měi.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">.B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Neivěi shi Gāo Tongzhi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Which one is Comrade Gāo?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Něivěi shi Gāo Tongzhi•</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">That one is Comrade Gāo.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">.A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">NX zhū zai zhěige fāndilua</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Are you staying at this hotel?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 22pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Bň, w5 bu zhū zai zheige </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">thiāihi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">No, I<sup>f</sup>m not staying at this hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:36pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font24"> on Nos, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">3-T</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 4pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">K</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">ige is the question word &quot;which</span><span class="font16">.<sup>11</span><span class="font24"></sup> In the compound neiguo^ you found the &quot;bound word nSi-, which vas attached to the noun </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">gu</span><span class="font16" style="text-decoration:underline;">6</span><span class="font24">. In the phrase nSlge rěn&gt; ”vhich person,” the bound word nSi- is attached to the general counter -ge&gt; (You will learn more about counters in Unit 3_ For now, you nay think of -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">ge</span><span class="font24"> as an ending which turns the bound word n§i- into the full word nSige.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 4pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">N</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">ige rěn/Ngivěi: To be polite vhen referring to an adult, you say něivěi or nSivěi, using the polite counter for people </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-wěi</span><span class="font24"> rather than the general counter -ge, though -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">ge</span><span class="font24"> is used in many informal situations.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notice that the noun rěn is not used directly after -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">věi</span><span class="font24">:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Něiwěi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">MSiguo rěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">shi shěi?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">NSivěi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">zhū zai Mlnzu Fandian?</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:27pt 4pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Compare the specifying words ”which?” &quot;that，&quot; and &quot;this” vith the location words you learned in Unit U of ORN:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="3">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">specifyinK words</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">location words</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">nSige? (n&amp;ge?)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">(which?)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">nar?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">(where?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">něige (nage)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">(that)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">nar (něr)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">(there)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">zheige (zhěge)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">(this)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">zhěr (zhar)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">(here)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:15pt 4pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Both question words are in the Low tone, while the other four words are in the Falling tone.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 4pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Many people pronounce the words for ”which?&quot; ”that,” and &quot;this” with the usual vowels for &quot;where?” &quot;there/<sup>1</sup> and &quot;here</span><span class="font32">”：</span><span class="font24"> nage? </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">nage</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> and zhěge.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 13pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Bu: A short negative answer is usually formed by bii plus a repetition of the vert used in the question. When a verb, like zīīS^ </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(zai)</span><span class="font24">• cannot be repeated, is used as a short answer and is folloved by a complete answer. Notice that when used &quot;by itself bu is in the Falling tone，&quot;but vhen folloved ty a Falling-tone syllable tu is iń the Rising tone.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 57pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">Bu, tā xianzai tū zai zher. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> he<sup>f</sup>s not here nov.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">. B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Jiāng Tōngzhi! Nin zao.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Comrade Jiāng! Good morning.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Zāo. NudvSke Nushi! Nln hǎo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Good morning. Miss Novak! How are you.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Wo hen hǎo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I.m very veil.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on No. </span><span class="font16">8</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Name as greeting: A greeting may consist simply of a person<sup>f</sup>s name:</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Tongzhi</span><span class="font16">?<sup>11</span><span class="font24"></sup> Comrade Wfing!&quot; The name may also be used vith a greeting phrase: Wang </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">T</span><span class="font16" style="text-decoration:underline;">6</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">ngzhU</span><span class="font24"> Hln </span><span class="font16">2</span><span class="font24">§o&gt; ”Comrade W&amp;igJ Good morning.<sup>M</sup>~or, in reverse order, Nln </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">z&amp;o.</span><span class="font24"> V^ng T</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">nezhl! &quot;Good morning. Comrade Wfing!<sup>M</sup> The naj&amp;e is pronounced as an independent exclamation acknowledging that person's presence and status. It is not de-emphasized like &quot;Comrade WSng<sup>,f</sup> in the English sentence <sup>11</sup> Good morning, Comrade WSng.&quot;</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nin zǎo</span><span class="font24"> means &quot;good morning”</span><span class="font32">一</span><span class="font24">literally, <sup>,f</sup>you are early</span><span class="font16">.<sup>11</span><span class="font24"></sup> You may also say either </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ńi</span><span class="font24"> zǎo or simply zǎo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 29pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nushi</span><span class="font24">, &quot;Ms.,” is a formal, respectful title for a married or unmarried woman. It is used after a woman's own surname, not her huslDand's. Traditionally, this title vas used for older, educated, and accomplished vomen.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">In the PRC, where people use T$ngzhi</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> &quot;Comrade,&quot; in general only foreign vomen are referred to and addressed as (so-and-so) Mushi• On Taiwan, however, any woman may be called (so-and-so) Nusbt in a formal context, such as a speech or an invitation.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 29pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Nin hao: This greeting may be said either with or without a question marker, just as in English we say &quot;Hov are you?” as a question or ”Hov are you<sup>1</sup>' as a simple greeting.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">Ni hǎo ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How are you?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">Nl hao* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov are you.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 13pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Also Just as in English, you may respond to the greeting ty repeating it rather than giving an answer.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">Li TongzhīJ Nin hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Comrade Li! Hov are you.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">Nin hao. Gāo Tongzhi! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hov are you. Comrade Gāo!</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 25pt 9pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Literally, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">hSn</span><span class="font24"> means &quot;very•” The word often accompanies adjectival verts (like </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">hio</span><span class="font24">, <sup>,T</sup>to be good&quot;)，adding little to their meaning. (See also Module 3, Unlt&quot;3.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 25pt 9pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Hov to identify yourself: You have now learned several ways to introduce yourself. One simple, direct way is to extend your hand and state your name in Chinesefor instance, Ma Mlngli. Here are some other ways:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">W5 shi MS Mlngli.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">I am Mǎ Mlngli•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">W8 </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xing</span><span class="font24"> MS.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Ify</span><span class="font24"> surname is Ma.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">W</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24"> xtng MS, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">jllo</span><span class="font24"> MS Mlngli.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">My surname is Ma; I </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">am</span><span class="font24"> called Ma Mlnglī•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">WSde Zhōngguo mlngzi jiao MS Mlngli.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">My Chinese name is M5 Mfngll.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">9_</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">.A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Qlngvrěn, nl shi MSiguo nǎrde rěn?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">May I ask, where are you from in America?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">W5 shi Jiāzhōu Jiujīnshān rěn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>1</sup>!!! from San Francisco, California</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 9pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on No. 9</span></p>
<table>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Order of place names: Notice that Jiāzhōu JiuJinshān is literally ”California» San Francisco.” In Chinese<sub>?</sub> the larger unit </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">cones</span><span class="font24"> tefcre the smaller. Similarly, in the questicn Ni shi Měiguo nǎrde ren? the nane of the country comes before the question word nar</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> vhich is asking for a nc detailed location. The larger unit is usually repeated in the ansver:</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Ki shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Shandong | nar</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">-de</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">I 6x* i |</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Wo shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Shandong | v,īngdāo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">rěn.</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;"><span class="font24">Literally, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiu^ir.shān</span><span class="font24"> means <sup>M</sup> Old Gold Mount air.<sup>Tf</sup> The Chinese ^;ave </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">this </span><span class="font24">name to San Francisco daring the C-cIi Push days. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font32">、</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 18pt;"><a name="bookmark47"></a><span class="font8">DRILLS</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">A. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">Respond according to the cues.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā zhū zai nar? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Ta zhii zai BSijlng Fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Běijlng Fandian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she is staying at the</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(Where is he/she &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Běijīng Hotel.) staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NS airen zhii zai nar? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhii zai Mlnzu Fandian.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 19pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Mlnzū Fajidian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she is staying at the National-</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Where is your spouse staying?) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ities Hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Li Tongzhi zhu zai nar? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhū zai zheige fandiin.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 12pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">zheige fIndian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she is staying at this hotel.) (Where is Comrade Li staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Fang Tongzht zhū zai nār? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhi zai něige fandlin.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 12pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">něige fandiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she is staying at that hotel.) (Where is Comrade Fang staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chen Tongzhi zhu zai nar? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta zhu zai BSiJIng Find!an.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 19pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">BSiJIng Fāndiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she is staying at the Beijing</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Where is Comrade Chen staying?) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lin Tongzhi zhu zai nSr? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zh\i zai Mlnzla F&amp;rxdian.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 19pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Mlnzō. Fandian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she is staying at the National-</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Where is Comrade Lin staying?) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ities Hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Huang Tongzhi zhu zai nar? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta zhii zai zhěige fěnditn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 54pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">zhěige fandian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she is staying at this hotel.) (Where is Comrade Hufing staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:54pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">£. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">Give affirmative responses to all questions.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Gāo Nushi zhu zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Shi, tā zhū zai Mlnzii Findiān.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">Mlnzu Fandian ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Yes, she is staying at the</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(Is Miss Gao staying &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nationalities Hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 19pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">at the Nationalities Hotel?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhang Nushi zhu zai BSiJIng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shi, tā zhu zai Beijing Fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">Fandian ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">3. Jiāng Nusht zhu zai zhěige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shi, tā zhu zai zhěige fSndian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">feLndisji ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">'t. Huang Nushi zhxi zai něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shi, tā zhu zai něige fIndian,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fIndian ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Nushi zhu zai BSiJIng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shi, ta zhū zai BSiJIng FandiSn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Fotndiān ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">6.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lin Nushi zhu zai Minzu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shi, ta zhu zai Mlnzu Fěndian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">FlndiSn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">V&amp;o</span><span class="font24"> Nusht zhū zai zhěige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shi，tā zhō. zai zhěige fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 60pt 35pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">fknāiin</span><span class="font24"> ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">C. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Give negative responses to all questions.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Jiāng Xiānsheng zhu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Bu shi, tā &quot;bu zhii zai zhěge</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">zai zhěge f&amp;Lndiān ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fāndiān.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(Is Mr. Jiāng staying &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(No，he isn<sup>f</sup>t staying at this</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">at this hotel?) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MS Xiānsheng zht zai nelge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Btl shi, tā bu zhū zai nage fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fdndlSn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Li Xiānsheng zhu zai Guěbln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bii shi, tā bu zhii zai Gu6bln</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">BsLfGLndian ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dafanditn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 17pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">U. Zhilo Xiānsheng zhū zai Yuanshan Btx shi, tā bH zhū zai Yuanshān Detf^ndiim ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DāfIndian &lt;</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liū Xiānsheng zhu zal Yuanshan Bu shi* tā &quot;bu zhu zai Yuanshān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">DafiLndlan ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dāfandiiui.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tang Xiānsheng zhu sai nage &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu shi, tā bu zhū zai nage fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fandian ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">T. Song Xiānsheng zhii zai zhege &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu shi, tā bu zhu zai zhěge fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fandiaii ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">D. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21pt;padding:12pt 45pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Give either a negative or an affirmative response, according to the cues.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font24">: Tang Tongzhi zhu ?al &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Sht, tā zhū zai zhěige fiLndiSn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">zhěige fandian ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Yes, he is staying at this</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) zhěige fāndian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(Is Comrade Tang staying at this hotel?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">OR Ma Tongzht zhii zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu shi, ta bu zhō. zai něige</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">něige fIndian ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fetndian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) zhěige fandiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(No, he isn’t staying at that</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(Is Comrade MS staying &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">at this hotel?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ma Tongzht zhū zai něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu shi, ta &quot;bū zhū zai něige fSndlSn.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:33pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">fandian ma? zhěige faLndian</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">3* Li TSngzhi zhii zai BSiJIng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shi ta zhū zai BSiJIng Fandian.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:33pt;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Fāndiltn na? BSiJīng FāndiSn</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k. Zhko</span><span class="font24"> Tongzhi zh&amp; zai Mlnzū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu shi, tā *b1i zhū zai MlnzU F^ndiSn.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:33pt;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Filndiān ma? BSijīng FandiSn</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liu Tongzhi zhxi zai zhěige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu shi, ta bū zhū zai zhěige</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:33pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">fandi</span><span class="font16">6^1</span><span class="font24"> ma? něige fandian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fSndiSn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiāng T6ngzhi zhū zai něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sht, ta zhii zai něige fandiSn.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:33pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">fandian ma? něige fāndiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">TV Zhang Tongzhi zhii zai B?ijlng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bu shi, tā &quot;bu zhň zai BSiJIng</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:33pt;padding:0pt 0pt 57pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Fandiān ma? Mlnzū Fāndiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FSndiibi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">E. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:33pt;padding:9pt 17pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Change the less polite forms něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rěn and zhěige rěn to the more polite forms neivěi and zhěivěi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">1, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Něige rěn shi Li &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Něivěi shi Li Tongzhi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">Těngzht. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(That one is Comrade Lī.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 9pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(That person is Comrade LI.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zheige rěn shi Fang Tongzhi• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhěivěi shi Fang Tongzhi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">3- Něige rěn shi Jiāng Tongzht. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něiwěi shi Jiāng T6ngzhi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhěige rěn shi Zhōu Tongzhi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhěivěi shi Zhōu Tongzhi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige rěn shi Zhāng T6ngzhi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něiwěi shi Zhang Tongzht.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhěige rěn shi Chěn Tongzhi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhěiwěi shi Chen Tongzhi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 45pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige rěn shi Hū TSngzhi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Neivěi shi Hu Tongzht.</span></p>
<p style="padding:45pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">F. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Respond to nSige fIndian? &quot;vhich hotel?<sup>11</sup> according to the cues.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā zhii zai nSige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Ta zhū zai Mlnzū FandiiLn,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">fandiSn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she is staying at the</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Mlnzfl Ftndian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nationalities Hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 38pt 12pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(Which hotel is he/she staying at?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhāng Tongzhi zhii zai nSige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhū zai Beijing Fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">feLndian? BSiJIng Fāndiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiāng Tongzhi zhu zai něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhū zai něige fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fandian? neige fandian</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Wang Tongzhi zhti zai n§ige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhu zai zhěige fandian«</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fandian? zhě ige fāndian</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huang Tongzhi zhu. zai něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhu zai Mlnzu FandiSn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fandian? Mlnzli Fāndian</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lin TSngzhl zhu zal nSige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta zh\i zai Běijīng Fandian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fandian? BSijlng Fandian</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liu T6ngzhi zhū zai nSige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhū zai zhěige fěndian *</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 60pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">fandian? zhěige fandiin</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">G, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Respond to nSige rěn? 'Vhich person?’’ vith něige rěn, ’’that person. <sup>M</sup></span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Qlngwěn, neige rěn shi You: Něige rěn shi Wang rěxian,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Děxian? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(That person is Wang Dexian,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 38pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask, which person </span><span class="font23">is Wang Děxian?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngvěn, nSige rěn shi Zhao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige rěn shi Zhlk) Shimln.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Shis^tn?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qīngwěn, nSige rěn shi Lin &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige rěn shi Lin Baolan.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Baolan?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">I</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Qingvěn, nSige rěn shi Gāo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige rěn shi Gao Tfngfěng.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tlngfēng?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;QSngven, nSige ren shi Zhāng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige ren shi Zhing W5nr1l.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">W&amp;nru?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngvěn, nSige rěn shi Hu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige rěn shi H1l MSillng.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">MSillng?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngvěn <sub>9</sub> nSige rěn shi Sdng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige rěn shi Sdng ZhīyuSn.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 60pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Zhlyuin?</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">H. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:12pt 54pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ask the appropriate &quot;vhich” or &quot;where&quot; question according to the statements,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā laojiā </span><span class="font24" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> QIngdSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Tā lSojia </span><span class="font24" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nSr?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 22pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her family is &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Where is his/her family from?) from Qingdao•)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">OR Tā xiEnzeli </span><span class="font24" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Jiānadā. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xi&amp;nzāl zāi n&amp;r?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 22pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is in Canada &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Where is he/she now?) nov.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">OR Ta </span><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">zh\i</span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;"> zai BSijīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta zhii zai nSige findiebi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">FeUidiiln. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(In which hotel is he/she</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 22pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is staying at &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;staying?) the BSiJIng Hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xianzai zeli Shandong. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiinzeii </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zil</span><span class="font24"> nar?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is in Shandong now.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Where is he/she now?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zh\i</span><span class="font24"> zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;FSndiiui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta zhū zai nSige findi&amp;i?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is staying at the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(In vhich hotel is he/she staying?)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Nationalities Hotel,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā l&amp;ojiǎ zai HubSi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā l&amp;ojiǎ zil nSr?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her family is from Hubei •) (Where is his/her family farom?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5- Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xiknzki</span><span class="font24"> zai MSigu6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xianzai zai nSr?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is in America nov.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Where is he/she nov?)</span></p>
<p><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhu zai zhěige fandian. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhii zai něige fIndian?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is staying at this &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(In vhich hotel is he/she staying?) hotel*)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā lSoJiā zai Gi^ngdōng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā laojiā zsLi nar?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 11pt 102pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her family is from &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Where is his/her family from?) Guangdong.)</span></p><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-7.png" style="width:203pt;height:333pt;"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 170pt;"><a name="bookmark18"></a><span class="font8">INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Topics Covered in </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">This</span><span class="font24"> Unit</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where people are staying (houses).</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where people are working.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Addresses.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. The marker de.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The marker ba,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The prepositional vert </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki.</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Materials You Vill Weed</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes<sub>9</sub> the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The 2D-1 tape.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font8">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(in Taipei)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font16">1</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zhii zai nali?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">WS zh^ zai Gu</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">bln Dafandian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying at the Ambassador Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font16">2</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zhu zai nali?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">WS zhū zai zhěli.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying here.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Tā ne?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">How about him?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhd zai nali.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">He is staying there.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zh^ zai nali?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zhii zai pěngyou Jiā.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying at a friend*s house.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyou Jia z&amp;i nSli?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where is your friend's house?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Jiā zSi Dālī Jiē.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">His house is on Dali Street.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">NIC pěngyoude dizhl shi...?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">What is your friend*s address?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde dizhl shi Děll Jiē SishiěrhlLo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">His address is No. 1*2 Dali Street.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">.*</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi Wěi Sh^oxi^o *ba?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">You are Major Weiss, aren<sup>f</sup>t you?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B</span><span class="font32">：</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Shide.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Yes.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">7.**A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nā shi Guobīn Dafandian ba?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">That is the Ambassador Hotel</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> i</span><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">n<sup>f</sup>t it?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Shide.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Yes.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyou </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xiknzti</span><span class="font24"> zali nill gongzud?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where does your friend work now?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai Tainan gongzud</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">He works in Tainan.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">9.*</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zai nali gongzuō?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where do you work?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Wo zai Vuguānch\i gongzud.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">I work at the defense attache’s office.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font16">10</span><span class="font24">.^A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nī zai </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">nil!</span><span class="font24"> gongzuS?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Where do you work?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Wo zai ylnhang gongzud.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">I work at a bank.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font16">11</span><span class="font24">.*</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 44pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyou zai Taiběi gongzud ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">Does your friend work in Taipei?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Tā bō. zai Tāiběi g5ngzu5; tā zai Tāizhōng gōngzuS</span><span class="font32">、</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">He doesn<sup>f</sup>t work in Taipei; he works in Taichung•</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 9pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">12</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">lū</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 174pt;"><span class="font24">road</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 127pt;"><a name="bookmark20"></a><span class="font8">VOCABULARY</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ba</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 45pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">(question marker expressing supposition of vhat ansver vill be)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">dafSndi^n</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">hotel</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">-de</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">(possessive marker)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">dlzhī</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">address</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">to work</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Gu</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">bln Dāfandian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">Ambassador Hotel</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">-hao</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">number (in addresses)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Jiā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">home</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> house</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Jiē</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">street</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">road</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">nS-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">that</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">nāge</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">that (one)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">nali</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">vrhere</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">nāli</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">there</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">pěngyou</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">friend</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">8</span><span class="font24">h^oxiGLo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">major (military title)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Shlde•</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, that<sup>T</sup>s so.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">W&amp;guānchū</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">defense attache’s office</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ylnhing</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">bank</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zii</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">to *be in/at/on (prepositional </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">verb)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zhě-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">this</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zhěge</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">this (one)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zhěli</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">here</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr><td>
<p><span class="font24">(introduced on C-2, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">P-2</span><span class="font32" style="text-decoration:underline;">，</span><span class="font24"> and drill taprg)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">DiyI D&amp;fSndiěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;"><span class="font24">First Hotel</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">MSiguo Guěji Jiaoliti ZSngshQ</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 29pt;"><span class="font24">U.S. International </span><span class="font32">、 </span><span class="font24">Coznmuni cat ions Agency</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Měiguo Ylnhāng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;"><span class="font24">Bank of America</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Tāivan Ylnhāng youzhěngjǔ</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;"><span class="font24">Bank of Taiwan</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 29pt;"><span class="font24">post office</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 164pt;"><a name="bookmark22"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1. A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zh^ zai nili?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Where are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zhu zai Gu6bīn DctfandiSn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">I'm staying at the Ambassador Hotel.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">2. A.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zhū zai n&amp;li?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Where are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Wo zhū zai zhěli.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying here.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā ne?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">How about him?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhū zai nāli.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">He is staying there.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nos* 1-2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 28pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">The word gu</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">bin actually refers to any official state guest, not Just an ambassador. (The word for ”ambassador” is ditshi•) The translation &quot;Ambassador Hotel” has been used for years by that hotel and, although inaccurate, has been retained in this text.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 28pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">D</span><span class="font32" style="text-decoration:underline;">盔</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">fSndlňn</span><span class="font24"> means &quot;great hotel<sup>11</sup> or &quot;grand hotel.<sup>11</sup> It is commonly used in the names&quot;of Taiwan and Hong Kong hotels.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 39pt 21pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Nāli, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">nilli</span><span class="font24">，and zhěli are common variants of n|r, netr, and zhěr in non-Peking dialects of Standard Chinese• The forms with r are Peking dialect forms • Compare:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Peking</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Other</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">nSr?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">nSli?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">(where?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">nar</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">ntli</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">(there)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">zhěr</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">zhěli</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(here)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:21pt 28pt 57pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Notice the difference in tone &quot;betveen nSr and </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">nill.</span><span class="font24"> This is because -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">li</span><span class="font24"> has a basic Lov tone, and the first of two adjoining Low-tone syllables changes to a Rising tone: na + -ll = </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">něl±</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">.Nl </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zhvi</span><span class="font24"> zai nili?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Where are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">WS zhu zai pěngyou Jia.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m staying at a friend<sup>f</sup>s house.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">u.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyou jia </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nfili?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Where is your friend's house?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā jiā zai DSll Jiē.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">His house is on DillI Street.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 14pt 57pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The possessive relationships in pěngyou </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jia</span><span class="font24">, &quot;friend,s house,&quot; n£ pěngyou Jia, &quot;your friend’s house,&quot; and ta Jiā, &quot;his house,” are unmarked, while the English must include </span><span class="font32">生</span><span class="font24"> or the possessive form of the pronoun (&quot;your,&quot; ”his”）. In Chinese, possessive relationships may be expressed by simply putting the possessor in front of the possessed vhen the relationship between the tvo is particularly close, like the relationship &quot;between a person and his hone, family, or friends.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyoude dlzhi shi...?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">What,s.your friend*s address?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde dizhl shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Dkll</span><span class="font24"> Jiē</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">His address is No. U2 Dali Street</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">Slshiěrh^o.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No.</span><span class="font24"> 5</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 14pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Pěngyoude dizhi: &quot;īhe marker -de in this phrase is Just like the English possessive ending </span><span class="font32">昱</span><span class="font24">.With the exception of close relationships, this is the usual way to form the possessive in Chinese.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ni</span><span class="font24"> pěngyou</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">-de</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āizhl</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">(your friend</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font16"><sup>f</sup>8</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">address)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Unlike the English </span><span class="font32">-，！</span><span class="font24"> ending, -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font24"> is also added to pronouns.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">w5de</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(my)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">nīde</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(your)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">tāde</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(his/her)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:18pt 41pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You are learning possessive phrases in which the marker </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de</span><span class="font24"> is used (tāde dizhl) and some possessive phrases which do not contain -de (nl pěngyou </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">jia</span><span class="font24">). There are certain reasons for the inclusion or omission of -de. If a close relationship exists between the possessor and the possessed, the marker -de might not *be used. If a phrase is long and complex</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> as Xiānsheng pěngyoude taitai, the marker -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font24"> is used to separate the possessor from the possessed.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">short or simple</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">nī jia</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">vo pěngyou</span></p></td></tr>
</table></div><br clear="all"/>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">lonft or complex</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Hti Měillng -de l&amp;ojiā ni pěngyou -de dizhS Li Xiānsheng pěngyou -de taitai</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:0pt 30pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">But these are not hard and fast rules. The use or omission of -de is not determined solely by the number of syllables in a phrase or by the closeness between the possessor and the possessed, although both of these considerations do play a Mg part in the decision.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 53pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">While some common nouns are usually used vithout </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de</span><span class="font24"> &quot;before them, most nouns are more likely to be preceded by -de, and many even require it. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Dizhl</span><span class="font24">, &quot;address,&quot; is the only noun you have learned which REQUIRES the possessive marker </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de</span><span class="font24"> added to the possessor. But other nouns such as Jia are not alvays preceded by -de. This is also the case with nouns indicating personal relationships, like </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">fňmg</span><span class="font24">, &quot;father,” and tāitai^</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 30pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">&quot;wife•” Pěngyou, ”friend</span><span class="font16">,<sup>11</span><span class="font24"></sup> xuěsheng• <sup>,f</sup>student and iSoshl &gt;&nbsp;&quot;student are commonly used vithout -de, but may also lōe used with the marker.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 17pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You might expect the question Hi pěngyoude dizhl shi.»&gt; ? to &quot;be completed vith a word such as </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">shěnme</span><span class="font24">• <sup>w</sup>vhat.^ However, the incomplete form given in this exchange, with the voice trailing off, inviting completion, is also commonly used.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 17pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Addresses</span><span class="font24">: The order in which addresses are given in Chinese is the reverse of that used in English. In Chinese, the order is from the general to the specific: country, province or state, city, street name, street nuoi'ber.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">-hao: A street number is alvays given with the <a name="footnote3"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark88">3</a></sup>bound vord -hSo,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 147pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">&quot;number,<sup>11</sup> after it.*</span></p>
<p style="padding:147pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nos.</span><span class="font24"> 6-7</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 17pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ba is a marker for &amp;&nbsp;question which expresses the speaker's supposition as to vhat the ansver will be. It is the type of question which asks for a confirmation from the listener.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 17pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">There are three ways to translate the two questions in exchanges </span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24"> and </span><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24"> into English:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Něi shi Guotln Dāfimdian? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Isn’t that the Ambassador Hotel?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 238pt;"><span class="font24">That is the Ambassador Hotel, isn’t it?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 238pt;"><span class="font24">That must be the Ambassador Hotel.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 20pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Each translation reflects a different degree of certainty on the part of the speaker. (While the differences in certainty are expressed in English by variation in wording, they can &quot;be expressed in Chinese &quot;by intonation.) You will pro*ba*bly find that the &quot;isn’t it”/”aren*t you” translation fits most situations.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The short ansver shide is an expanded form of the short ansver shi, with the same meaningl &quot;Yes, that<sup>1</sup>s so.” Shide is also the word used for the ”yes” in the military ”Yes</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> sir•”</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 20pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font32" style="text-decoration:underline;">舱</span><span class="font24">(něi</span><span class="font32">)：</span><span class="font24"> In the subject position, n&amp; (</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">něi</span><span class="font24">), &quot;that,&quot; and zhě (</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhěi</span><span class="font24">), &quot;this,” may be used either as free vords or as bound words, with -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">ge</span><span class="font24"> following. Compare:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font32">舱</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">ski Guobln Dāfandiān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">(That</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">is the Ambassador Hotel.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">NeL</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">-ge</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">shi GuSbln DtfsLndiibci.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">(That</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">one</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">is the Ambassador Hotel.)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:15pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">However, the question form </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">nS-</span><span class="font24"> (n§i-) is a bound vord.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">NSge (fandieLn) shi Gu</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">*bīn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Which one (hotel) is the</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">DsLfiLndidn? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ambassador Hotel?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:0pt 47pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǔguānchū</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> &quot;defense attache’s office,” literally means ”military attache<sup>f</sup>s office-<sup>ff</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:9pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Zki.</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">•</span><span class="font24">,gōngzuS: Compare these two sentences:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"></p></td><td rowspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(He</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">is in</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tainan.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zk±</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tiinln</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(He</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">in</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tainan</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">vorks•)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:15pt 14pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The sentence Tā ziLl T&amp;inĀn. g5ngzu3 seems to have tvo verbs: zai, &quot;to be in/at/on,<sup>11</sup> and gongzud, ”to vork*<sup>&gt;!</sup> But there is only one verb in the translation: ”He works in Tainan•” The translation reflects the fact that </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> loses its full verb status in this sentence and plays a role like that of the English preposition ”in•” The </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> phrase in Chinese, like the &quot;in&quot; phrase in English, gives more information about the main verb gōngzud; that is, it tells vhere the action takes place. ”He works，” and the work takes place <sup>M</sup>in Tainan.<sup>M</sup> In sentences like this, the word </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> is a prepositional verb. Most relationships expressed ty prepositions in English are expressed *by prepositional verbs in Chinese•</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:9pt 14pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You have also seen </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> used as a prepositional verb in the sentence Nl zhň. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nllli? &quot;Where do you live?”</span><span class="font32">一</span><span class="font24">literally, ”You live at vhere?” Notice that in this sentence the prepositional verb phrase zeii n&amp;li comes after the main verb zhā* In the sentence </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">N3C</span><span class="font24"> </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zk±</span><span class="font24"> nSli gōngisuo? the prepositional verb phrase zai n&amp;li conies &quot;before the main </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">verb</span><span class="font24"> g5ngzud« Many things, such as stress, contrast, and other objects in the sentence, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">can </span><span class="font24">influence the order of the prepositional verb phrase and the main vert.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">In some cases&gt; either order may be used, as in Nl </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> n&amp;li zhu? or Nl zh^. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nāli? In other cases, the word order is fixed, ās In MI </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">zli</span><span class="font24"> n^li gōngzu5~ For text examples, it vill be pointed out whether or not the word order may be changed, and the reasons will &quot;be given,</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:9pt 14pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta bd zai T&amp;ibei gōngzuS, &quot;He doesn<sup>f</sup>t work in Taipei&quot;: In this sentence, the negative adverl? bu comes before the prepositional verb zai (which starts the complete predicate </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">zai</span><span class="font24"> Tltibei gōngzuō), not before the main verb gōngzuS. This makes sense, for you are not saying *<sup>?</sup>He does NOT WORK，” but you are saying ”He does NOT work IN TAIPEI•”</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">gōngzuo•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">zai Taibei</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Ta</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">b</span><span class="font16">1</span><span class="font24">a</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zk±</span><span class="font24"> TSibei</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud•</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><span class="font24">BIO, Unit 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 172pt;"><a name="bookmark29"></a><span class="font8">DRILLS</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Li Xiānsheng zhu zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Tā zhu zai Guobln DāfIndian,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">nali? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He is staying at the</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Guotln Dafibadian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ambassador Hotel. )■</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 54pt;"><span class="font24">(Where is Mr. Li staying?)</span></p>
<table cellpadding="22pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gāo Xiānsheng zhū zai nSli?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Yuanshān DafSndiSn</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yang Xiānsheng zh^. zai nali?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">DǏyī Dafandian</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 2pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">U, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">T&amp;ng</span><span class="font24"> Xiānsheng zh\i zal nali? zhěli</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SīmS. Xiānsheng zhū zai nāli?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">pěngyou jiā</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lit! Xiānsheng zh^. zai nali?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">nili</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wing Xiānsheng zhd zai nlli?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">DiyI DeLfandiiLn</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font24">Tā zhd zai Yuanshān Dafandian. Tā zhu zai DiyI Dafandian.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font24">Tā zhu zai zhěli•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font24">Ta zhū zai pěngyou jiā*</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font24">Ta zhii zai nSli.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font24">Tā zhii zai DiyI Dafibidiin.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="63%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">B. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Tā pěngyou Jiā zai n£li? You: (cue) B</span><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">āi Lū (Where is his/her friend*s house?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="36%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta Jiā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> BoSi (His/her house is on Boai Road.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lī Xiānsheng jiā zsli nāli? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā Jiā zai DunhuS L^i.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Dūnhu^ Lu</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Xiānsheng Jia </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nali? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tǎ Jiā zai Nongān Jiē.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">N6ngan Jiē</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. Hě Xiānsheng Jiā zāi nāli? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā Jiā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Dali Jiē.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">D&amp;lī Jiē</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. Bāo Xiānsheng Jiā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nāli? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā jiā zai Nanjing Lň.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Nanjing Lu</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">. MS Xiānsheng jia z</span><span class="font32">盔</span><span class="font24">i nali? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā Jiā zai ZhSngshān Lu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Zhongshān LO.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">BIO, Unit 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">7. Lin Xiānsheng Jiā zai nali? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā Jia zdi Zhějlang Jie.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:0pt 0pt 57pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhějiing Jiē *</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">C. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:29pt;padding:12pt 10pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">According to each cue, respond with the appropriate street nuoiber on Dali Jiē. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'■</span></p>
<table cellpadding="14pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font24">: Nl pěngyoude dizhī shi...?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) U</span><span class="font16">2</span><span class="font24">hilo (What is your friend</span><span class="font16"><sup>1</span><span class="font24"></sup> ( address?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">You: Tāde </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āizhl</span><span class="font24"> shi Dali Jiē Sishiěrhik).</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her address is No. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h2 </span><span class="font24">Dalī Street•)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="15pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nī pěngyoude</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">UOhfllo</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nl pěngyoude</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">95hSo</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font24">. Nī pěngyoude </span><span class="font16">26</span><span class="font24">hio</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font16">5</span><span class="font24"> • Nl pěngyoude TThio</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font16">6</span><span class="font24">. Nl pěngyoude</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">L pengy^ </span><span class="font16">68</span><span class="font24">heU&gt;</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">7. Ni pěngyoude UUhāo</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="20%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">dizhī shi.&quot;? dizhl shi.&quot;? </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āizbl</span><span class="font24"> shi.•.? dizhī shi</span><span class="font32">…？ </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āizhl</span><span class="font24"> shi...? dizhī shi...?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="54%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde dizhi shi DSlI Jie Stshihdo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:24pt 8pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Aizhī</span><span class="font24"> shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Dkll</span><span class="font24"> Jie JIushiw3-hāo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āizhl</span><span class="font24"> shi Dfill Jie ěrshiliū-</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hko.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tade dizhl shi Dial Jiē Qīshiqlhio.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:24pt 8pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde dtzhl shi D&amp;LĪ Jiē LiftshitS-</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hko.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde dizhl shi Dill Jiē S^shisihāo.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="29pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="54%">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Ni pěngyoude dizhi shi...?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">Give the appropriate Taiwan street addresses according to the cues.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 211pt;"><span class="font24">You:</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 63pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) DSlī Jiē U2hao (What is your friend<sup>1</sup>s address?)</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tāde dizhl shi Boai Lu JiSshisthao.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyoude dtzhl shi... ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">BoiLi Lu 9**hao</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="45%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Tade dtzhl shi Dali Jiē Sishiěrhāo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her address is No. U2 DillI Street •)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="29pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="46%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">3. Nī pěngyoude dizhl shi...? Dūnhua Lu 55hSo</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">U. Nī pěngyoude dizhl shi...? Nongān Jiē </span><span class="font30">了</span><span class="font23">5h5o</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">5. Ni pěngyoude dizhS shi•••? </span><span class="font15" style="font-style:italic;">Dkli</span><span class="font23"> Jiē U2hao</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhl shi DunhusL Lu Wushiwu-hao.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 5pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhl shi Nongān Jiē Qlshiwu-hilo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">Tade dizhi shi D^ll Jiē StshiěrhSo.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font23">6. Nl pěngyoude dizhī shi...? DūnhuS LS. 55bSo</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font30">了</span><span class="font23">. Nl pěngyoude dizhl shi...? B6Hi L\i 9Uh&amp;o</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhl shi Dunhut Lxi Wushiwu-</span><span class="font24">h^o.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhī shi Boai L\i Jiǔshisihao.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font23">Trans formation Drill</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker</span><span class="font30">:瓶</span><span class="font23"> Taitai Jiā zal DiLli</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font23">Jiē Stshiěrhāo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 84pt;"><span class="font23">(Mrs. </span><span class="font15" style="font-style:italic;">VSk<sup>%</sup>s</span><span class="font23"> house is at </span><span class="font24">No. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h2</span><span class="font24"> Dali Street.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhao Taitai Jiā zlLl Boai Lu</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">Jiǔshisihao.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">3. Li Tditai jiā zai Dūnhua Lil Wushiwuhěo•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font15" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font23"> He Taitai jiā zSi Nfingan Jiē Qīshivǔhao•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">5. Bao Tāitai Jiā zai DalX Jiē Sishiěrhao.</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">You: Tāde dtzhl shi D&amp;li Jiē Sishiěrhdo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 9pt 38pt;"><span class="font23">(His/her address is No. U2 Dali Street.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhl shi Boai Lu Jiǔshisih^o.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:24pt 2pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhī shi Dūnh\ia Lū WǔshiwS-</span><span class="font24">hāo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 2pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhi shi N6ngǎn Jiē Qlshivu-</span><span class="font24">h</span><span class="font32">在</span><span class="font24">o.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhl shi Dali Jiē Sishiěrli5o.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">6. Wang Taitai Jiā zai Boai Lu JiǔshisthSo.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dtzhl shi Boai Lu Jiushisihio,</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font23">7. Lin Taitai jia zai DunhuS Lū Wǔshiwuhao </span><span class="font15" style="font-style:italic;">•</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font23">Tāde dizhī shi Dūnhua Lvl Wǔshivfi-</span><span class="font24">hao.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Nln shi Wěi ShaoxiiLo ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">F, Trans formation Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">Change each ma question to a ba question.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 12pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">(Are you Major Weiss?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta shi Zhāng Shaoxiao ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nin shi Huang Xiaojie ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font23">Nā shi Guobln DSf^ndicbi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhě shi </span><span class="font24" style="font-style:italic;">&quot;DiyI</span><span class="font23"> Dafandiān ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Navěi shi V^Lng TSitai ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Nā shi Yuanshān Dstfiindiān ma?</span></p></td>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">You</span><span class="font32">.：</span><span class="font23"> Nln shi Wěi Shaoxiao ba?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font23">(You are Major Weiss, aren<sup>f</sup>t you?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">Ta shi Zhang Shaoxisto ba?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">Nln shi Huāng XiǎoJie ba?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">Nel shi Guobln Dcifanditn ba?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">Zhě shi </span><span class="font24" style="font-style:italic;">Diyī.</span><span class="font23"> Dafāndiān ba?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">Neivěi shi Wing Tfiitai ba?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">N</span><span class="font32">备</span><span class="font23"> shi Yuanshān DcLfdndiSn l)a?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font23" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font23"> Drill</span></p>
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<p><span class="font23">Speaker: Tā zai nali gongzud?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font23">(cue) TaibSi (Where does he/she work?)</span></p></td>
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<p><span class="font23">You: Tā zai TaibSi gongzud•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font23">(He/she works in Taipei.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">nali</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">gōngzud?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Tāinān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zki</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zeti</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">nali</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">gōngzuō?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Ti,izh5ng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zai</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">U.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">nS.li</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">gōngzuS?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Gāoxi6ng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zsli</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zki</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">nali</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">gōngzud?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Jllong</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zai</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">6.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">nali</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">gongzud?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">TiibSi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font23">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">zai</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td><td>
<p><span class="font23">TainSn gōngzud. Taizhōng gōngzuS. GSoxiSng gōngzud. Jllong gongzud. TaibSi gongzud.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p><span class="font32">了。</span><span class="font23"> Tā zai nali gōngzuS?</span></p>
<p><span class="font23">Taizhōng</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">Tā zāi Taizhōng gōngzud</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">H. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> yěuzhěngju</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 43pt;"><span class="font24">You: Dui le, tā zāi youzhěngju gongzud•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 43pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, he/she works at the post office.)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she work at the post office?)</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le, tā</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 1pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Dut le, tā</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 1pt 12pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le, tā gongzud•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 1pt 12pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le, tā gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 1pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le, tā</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le, tā</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zili Wǔguanchu gōngzuS ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta zai ylnhang gongzud ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">U. Ta zti MSiguo Ylnhang gongzuo ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">5* Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Taiwan Ylnhang gongzud ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 7pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6* Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Vuguanchil gongzud ma? </span><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Tā z&amp;i yěuzhěngju gongzud ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="40%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 7pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Wǔguanchu gongzud. zai ylnhSng gongzud• zai MSiguo Ylnhang</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">zai Tiivān Yinhang</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:24pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">zai Wuguānchu gongzud• zāl y6uzhěngju gongzud.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">I. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 16pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Add xiānzSi, ”nov,” to each statement.</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Zhōu Xiānsheng zai TaitSi gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 32pt 9pt 61pt;"><span class="font24">(Mr. Zhōu works in Taipei•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng Xiānsheng zai Taizhōng gōngzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 5pt;"><span class="font32">的</span><span class="font24"> Xiaoji? zai Tainan gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">MS XiSoJiS zai Gāoxi6ng gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 6pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāo Xiānsheng zal Jīlong gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn Xiānsheng zai Taiběi gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Jiāng XiǎoJiS zai Gāoxiong gongzud.</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">You: Zh5u Xiānsheng xlsLnzSi zai TaibSi gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 37pt 9pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(Mr. Zhou is working in Taipei now.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng Xiānsheng xiānzāi zāi Taizhōng gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 37pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Hō. XiSoJiS xiānzai zai Tiinan gōngzuS.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 15pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">MS XiaoJiS xisLnzeLi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Gāoxiong gongzud</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Zhao Xiānsheng xianzai zai Jllong gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn Xiānsheng xi&amp;izai zai Taiběi gōngzuo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Jiāng Xiaojie xianzai zai Gāoxiong gongzud.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Hu T6ngzht zlii BSiJIng</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">.</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Prill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Make each statement negative &quot;by changing z&amp;i to buzfii.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(Comrade Hu vorks in </span><span class="font23">Beijing.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Ll</span><span class="font24"> T6ngzhi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Nanjing gSngzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta zāi QIngdSo gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 5pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">U. Lin T6ngzhi zeti QuSngzhǒu gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Zhko</span><span class="font24"> TSngzht z^i Shin^i&amp;i</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">gōngzud•</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chěn Tongzhi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> QIngd£o</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 5pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font22">了</span><span class="font24">. Hu&amp;ng TSngzhi zii BSijlng gōngzud.</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font24">You: Hd TSngzht iKi zlti BSiJIng gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 9pt 39pt;"><span class="font24">(Comrade Hu doesn't work in Beijing.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Lī Tongzhi bū </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Ninjing g5ngzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Ta </span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">b</span><span class="font22">1</span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">i zili Qīngdao gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Lin TSngzhi b{L </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> GuSngzhou gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">ZheLo TSngzht b(x zili StaāngtaSi gōngzuā.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn T6ngzhi Wi zili QīngdSo gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">Huing T</span><span class="font22">6</span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">ngzhi b&lt;i </span><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">z&amp;i</span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;"> BSiJIng </span><span class="font24">gongzud•</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:32pt;padding:0pt 3pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Give negative responses to the according to the cues.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">questions, adding correct information</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Hu XiSoJiS </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> TaibSi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">gongzud ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 9pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Tainan (Does Miss Hu work in Taipei?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Li Taitai zlii Tiizhong gongzuo</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:32pt;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">ma? Jll6ng</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ma Xiānsheng zai zhěli gongzuS</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:32pt;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">ma? GāoxiSng</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā zal Wuguānchu gongzud ma? MSiguo Ylnhang</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">5. Tā zai youzhěngju gongzud ma? Taiwan Ylnhang</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 30pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Ta *bH zai Taiběi g5ngzud; tā zai Tainan gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 4pt 24pt 39pt;"><span class="font24">(She doesn<sup>f</sup>t work in Taipei; she vorks in Tainan •)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 4pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā bū zai Taizhōng gongzud; tā zal JIl6ng gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 15pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Ta bū zai zhěli gongzud; tā zai Gāoxi6ng g5ngzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā bu zai Wuguānchu gongzud; tā zai Měiguo Ylnhang gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā &quot;bū </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> youzhěngju gōngzud; ta zlii Taiwan Ylnhang gongzud •</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lin Xiānsheng zai nali gongzuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā &quot;bu zSi nali gongzuo; tā zai</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">ma? zhěli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhěli gōngzuS.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Li&lt;x</span><span class="font24"> XiSoJiS zai TaibSi gōngzuo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā bū zai Taiběi gongzuo; tā zai</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">ma? Taizhōng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Taizhōng gōngzuo.</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai THibSi gongzud na?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-indent:23pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Give an affirmative or negative response according to each cue 1. Speaker: Ta zai TaibSi gongzud &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You:</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 3pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Tai&quot;běi (Does he/she work in Taipei?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 5pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">OR Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> TaibSi gongzud ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 9pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Tainan (Does he/she vork in Taipei?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 5pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai Taizhōng g5ngzud ma? Jll6ng</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 39pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā z^i zhěli gongzud ma? zhěli</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 5pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai youzhěngju gongzud ma? Taivān Ylnhang</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 5pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zk±</span><span class="font24"> Wǔguānchii gōngzuo ma? zhěli</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 5pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai MSiguo Ylnhang gōngzuo ma? MSiguo Ylnhang</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 39pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dut le, ta </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> TaibSi gongzud. (Yes, he/she works in Taipei.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:39pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā bū zai Taibei gōngzuo; tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Tiinan gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 36pt 9pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she doesn’t work in Taipei; he/she works in Tainan•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Tdu zai Taizhōng gōngzuo; tā zai Jllong gongzud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 13pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Dui</span><span class="font24"> le, tā zai zhěli gongzud•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:24pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā &quot;bū zāi youzhěngju gōngzuo; tā zai Taivān Yfnhang gongzud•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā bu zeli Wǔguanchu gēngzuo; tā zai zhěli gongzuo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> tā zai Měiguo Ylnhang gōngzuo.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 42pt 0pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark89"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 3 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Topics</span><span class="font24"> Covered In This Unit</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Members of a family.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The plural ending -men.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The question word </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jt-</span><span class="font24"> &quot;hov many.”</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The adverb d5u ”all.&quot;</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. Several ways to express &quot;and.</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Materials</span><span class="font24"> You Will Heed</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The 3D-1 tape.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark53"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(in Taipei)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nīmen you haizi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: You, women you.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B: Liu Xiānsheng you Měiguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font23">pěngyou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 18pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">A: Tā měiyou M§iguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 24pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">A: Tā you Ylngguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A:' Nlmen you Jige haizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: Women you sānge haizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">U. A: Nlmen you jige nanhaizi,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">Jige nuhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 15pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: WSmen you liǎngge nanhaizi» ylge nuhaizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B: Shi nanhaizi, shi nuhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font23">A: Tāmen d5u shi nuhaizi•</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B: Hu Xiānsheng, Hu Taitai ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen you Jige haizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">A: Tāmen you liangge haizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: Shi nanhaizi, shi nuhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font23">A: Dōu shi nShaizi,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font30" style="font-style:italic;">飞</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•</span><span class="font24"> A: Nlmen haizi dōu zai zhěli ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 15pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: Bu, liangge zai zhěli</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> ylge hai zai Měiguo,</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">8</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> A: Nī Jiali you shěnme rěn?</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 15pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: You wo taitai gēn sānge </span><span class="font23">hāizi,</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">9- B: Nl Jiāli you shěnme rěn?</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 0pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">A: Jiu you wo fňqin, mSqin.</span></p></td>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Do you have any children?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, we have.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Does Mr. Liu have any American friends?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">He doesn’t have any American friends.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">He has .English friends.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">OR He ha? an English friend.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">How many children do you have?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">We have three children.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Hov many &quot;boys and hov many girls do you have?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 24pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">We have two boys and one girl.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Are they boys or girls?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">All of them are girls.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">How about Mr. and Mrs. Hu? Hov many children do they have?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">They have tvo children.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Are they boys or girls?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Both of them are girls,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Are all your children here?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">No. Two are here, and one is still in America.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Vhat people are (there) in your family?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 24pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">There’s my wife and three children</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 3pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">What people are (there) in your family?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Just </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">my</span><span class="font24"> father and mother.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table border="1">
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<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">10.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">zhX</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">only</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">11.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">dtdi</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">younger brother</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">12.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">gēge</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">older brother</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">13.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">ji5jie</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">older sister</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Ik.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">měimei</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">younger sister</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">15.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">xiōngdi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">brothers</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">16</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">JiSměi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">sisters</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">17.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">xlongdi JiSměi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">brothers</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">and sisters</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">18</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">fdmǔ</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">parents</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">19.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">aufii</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">paternal</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">grandfather</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">20.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zvmx</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">paternal</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">grandmother</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">21.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">vāizǔfu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">maternal</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">grandfather</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">22.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">viizǔani</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">maternal</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">grandmother</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">23.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">bllba</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">papa, dad, father</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">2k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">mama</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">momma, mom, mother</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><a name="bookmark54"></a><span class="font8">VOCABULARY</span></p>
<table cellpadding="34pt">
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<td valign="top" width="36%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ji-</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:vertical-ideographic;">
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:60pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font11">ni a i &gt;uiez t d u Iqgnii </span><span class="font23" style="font-style:italic;">s</span><span class="font23"> </span><span class="font11">VI ō /lele£ </span><span class="font31">汐</span><span class="font11">a</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font11">b d d ^ f s </span><span class="font22">8</span><span class="font11"> ^ h</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">jiali</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ji</span><span class="font32">各</span><span class="font24">Jie</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">jiěměi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Jige</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">Jiu</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">liang-</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">māma</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">mělmei</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">měiyou</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">-men</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">mǔqin</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">nān-</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">nlnhaizi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">nimen</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">n</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">nu-</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">nuhaizi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">tāznen</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">waizǔfū</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">grandfather</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">grandmother</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">wāizumu</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">women</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">xiōngdi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">xiongdi jiěměi</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">and sisters ther® If</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 5pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">grandfather grai</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Jinothel*</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">you</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">zhi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">zǔfu</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="63%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">zumǔ papa, dad, father</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">younger brother all, &quot;both</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">parents</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">father</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">older &quot;brother and</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">still, yet children, child</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">hov many family</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">older sister sisters how many only, just</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">tvo</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">momma, room, mother</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">not, not to have</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">younger sister</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">not to have, there is not</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">(plural suffix)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">mother</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">male</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">boy</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">you (plural)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">female</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">girl</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">they, them</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">maternal maternal we, us</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">brothers</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">brothers</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to have,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">onlj</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">paternal</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">paternal</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">(introduced in</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 89pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Communication</span><span class="font24"> Game)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(I’ve) won</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">ylng le</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 84pt 159pt;"><a name="bookmark55"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
<p style="padding:84pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on No, 1</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">The plural pronouns are formed by adding -men to the singular pronouns</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">plural</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">women</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Cve)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">nimen</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">(you)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">tāmen</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">(they)</span></p></td></tr>
</table></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">singular</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">w5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">(I)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">nl</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">(you)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">(he/she)</span></p></td></tr>
</table></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">(You have already seen these pronoun forms used as possessives:</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">&quot;our,&quot; etc. Later you will find that they are also used as objects: &quot;me,&quot; &quot;us</span><span class="font28">，</span><span class="font24">&quot; etc•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Haizi: Chinese nouns have the same form for singular and plural.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hllzi</span><span class="font24"> may be either &quot;child” or &quot;children/,<a name="footnote4"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark90">4</a></sup> Usually the context will make clear whether a noun should be translated as singular or as plural, but not alvays* Chinese does not require that the matter be pinned down to the same extent that English does. WSmen y5u haizi is a perfectly good sentence, even though the only accurate translation is the clumsy <sup>lf</sup>We have one or more children.<sup>19</sup> We would prefer to have enough inforniation to translate it either as <sup>f?</sup>We have a child” or as <sup>,f</sup>We have children •” At times this ambiguity is an advantage. When you ask Nlmen </span><span class="font23">ySu </span><span class="font24">haizi ma? you do not, after all, knov whether you are referring to one child or to more than one child. To cover both bets in the same way in English, ve have to say <sup>f1</sup>Do you have any children?’^</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 13pt 150pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou: All the verbs discussed so far form the negative with bu, </span><span class="font23">vith the single exception of ySu, <sup>u</sup>to have,&quot; vhich has the irregular negative form </span><span class="font23" style="text-decoration:underline;">měiyou</span><span class="font23">.</span></p>
<p style="padding:150pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font24"> on Nos* </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">3</span><span class="font32" style="text-decoration:underline;">-紅</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">In Peking speech, j</span><span class="font32">!-，</span><span class="font24"> &quot;hov many,” is usually used only vhen the number expected in an ansver *is about 10 or less. In many other parts of China, speakers use jl- no matter how large a number is expected in the ansver*</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Counters</span><span class="font24">: In Chinese, a noun cannot be counted or specified (i.e., used with nēi-» &quot;which，<sup>11</sup> </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">něi-</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">&quot;that，&quot; zhěi-, &quot;this&quot;) vithout the addition of a bound word, a counter, to indicate the sort of thing &quot;being specified or counted. English has a fev such counters, as &quot;head,* in ,，hov many head of cattle<sup>11</sup> and &quot;loaves&quot; in <sup>11</sup> seven loaves of bread.&quot;</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The counter used in a particular instance depends on the noun &quot;being specified or counted. Many nouns have special counters. You have already learned the polite counter for persons, -věi. Other special counters refer in some way to the kind of thing the noun represents. The word for &quot;hotel,&quot; for instance, has a special counter </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-jiā</span><span class="font24">, &quot;house,&quot; used for counting or specifying business estatlishznents.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The general counter -ge is used vith nouns that do not have special counters. For example, there is no special counter for the word pubu, &quot;waterfall,，，so you would say yige pubū, ’’one waterfall.&quot; You have already found the general counter -ge in specifying expressions such as neige hfiizi, &quot;vhich child,” and zhěige </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">fSndiSn</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> &quot;this hotel.&quot;</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You may find that, in colloquial speech, nouns that have special counters are sometimes used vith </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">_ge</span><span class="font24"> anyway，but this tendency is looked dovn upon *by many speakers.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Here are the numbers 1 through 10 vith the counter -ge:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">yige, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎngg</span><span class="font24">e, sānge, sige</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">wǔge</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">liuge</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">q_ig</span><span class="font24">e</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">jbage, Jiǔge</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> shlge</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 13pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The number 2 has a special form before a counter: liang-. Notice that the words for 1, </span><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">，and 8 have Rising tones &quot;before -ge，because </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-ge</span><span class="font24"> is basically a Falling-tone syllable. (See also Unit 5, notes on No. 9 and No. 10.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">N|n-, nu-: The &quot;bound words nĀn-&gt; ”male,&quot; and nu-, &quot;female,<sup>11</sup> are often used in compounds; for example, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">n&amp;npěngyou</span><span class="font24">, &quot;boyfriend,” and nutňngzhi•</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">” (woman) Comrade •&quot;</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">&quot;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">And”</span><span class="font24">: In Chinese, a vord for ”e^d&quot; is not needed between parallel phrases like liǎngge n$nhaizi<sub>%</sub> ylge nuh£izi&gt; <sup>,f</sup>two boys, (and) one girl.”</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 25pt 225pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">A pause is usual between the two phrases, but even the pause is sometimes omitted.</span></p>
<p style="padding:225pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font24"> on Nos* 5-7</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">Shi </span><span class="font23" style="text-decoration:underline;">ninhSlzi,</span><span class="font23"> shi nuhaizi? In Chinese» an &quot;or&quot; question (i.e., </span><span class="font24">a question asking which of two alternatives is true) may be asked simply by stating the tvo alternatives vith a pause between. In this kind of question, the verb must appear in each alternative. (You will learn other vays of making &quot;or&quot; questions in later modules.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Dōu may usually &quot;be translated in a sentence as <sup>11</sup> all (of),</span><span class="font32">，，</span><span class="font24">or, if it refers to only two things, as <sup>M</sup>lx)th (of).&quot; Literally, dōu means </span><span class="font23">&quot;in </span><span class="font24">all cases,&quot; &quot;uniformly,” ”entirely，” ”completely.” Since it is an advert), it must be placed after the subject of a sentence and before the verb (like the adverb </span><span class="font23">y</span><span class="font30">§，</span><span class="font23"> </span><span class="font24">&quot;also”）.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 35pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Literally, the phrase nl Jiāli means &quot;in your home&quot; (jia, &quot;home&quot;; -li, &quot;in”）. In this sentence it is extended to mean <sup>lf</sup>the people in your home，&quot; that is, &quot;your family.&quot;</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 35pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ni</span><span class="font24"> Jiāli </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-</span><span class="font24"> y5u - shěnme rěn? Phrase by phrase, this questipn is: &quot;In your family - there are - vhat people?，’ The vord <sup>?,</sup>family<sup>n</sup> can <a name="footnote5"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark91">5</a></sup>be taken to mean either all your relatives or only those living in your household.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 24pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">By itself, the verb you means &quot;to &quot;be,” &quot;to exist•” You have now seen it translated tvo vays: 1) as ”have,” vith a personal subject: WSmen y5u </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">sǎnge h£izi</span><span class="font24">. &quot;We have three children.<sup>If</sup> 2) as &quot;there is/are,<sup>fT</sup> in the so-called impersonal construction: Nl jiāli shěnme rěn? &quot;What people are (there) in your family?<sup>n</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 24pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In exchange 8，the verb ySu in the ansver is translated as <sup>ft</sup>there<sup>f</sup>s.<sup>,T</sup> Some English speakers may find this translation too colloquial. The answer can also &quot;be translated Just &quot;by listing the family members, with no vert in the English, as vas done in exchange 9« Chinese almost always keeps the verb in the ansver to a question, while English tends to leave it out.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 54pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Hov to </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">say &quot;and&quot;</span><span class="font24">: Chinese has several words for ”and/’ Gēn is the word for &quot;and when Joining nouns or noun phrases. Yě^ is the vord for ••and&quot; vhen Joining verts, verb phrases, or whole sentences:</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 49pt;"><span class="font24">Wo bd. xlng Li, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">tix</span><span class="font24"> xlng Lǔ. WS xing Lu*</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 49pt;"><span class="font24">(I'm not surnamed </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Lit</span><span class="font24"> </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">and</span><span class="font24"> I<sup>f</sup>m not surnamed Lu. I<sup>f</sup>m surnamed Lu.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 35pt 21pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chinese tends to use a vord for &quot;and*’ when the noun phrases *being Joined are not parallel and not to use one vhen the phrases are parallel:</span></p>
<table>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Y5u</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">wS taitai (possessor) (noun)</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">gēn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">sānge hāizi. (number) (noun)</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">(There*s my wife and three children.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font24">PARALLEL</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Y5u</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">liSngge nānhěizi (number) (noun)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font0" style="font-style:italic;">9</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">yige nuhāizi. (n\imber) (noun)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">(There are two boys and one girl.)</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font24">While &quot;and&quot; is often omitted in Chinese, it may be added for emphasis between nouns and between noun phrasesJust as in English.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 24pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Jiū, &quot;only</span><span class="font32">，丨</span><span class="font24">’ ”Just，” is an advert (like ye and dōu)• The, use of jiu to mean &quot;only&quot; is probably mostly confined to the Peking dialect.* Speakers from other parts of the country will not necessarily use jiu to mean ”only<sup>IT</sup> or understand it as such. A more widely used and understood word for ’’only” is zhl. Thus the ansver in exchange 9 could also be </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Zhl</span><span class="font24"> you v5 fuqin, muqin.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21pt;padding:0pt 21pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chinese is much more precise than English in its terms for family members. There is not Just one vord for brother<sup>,f</sup> or &quot;sister&quot; but words for &quot;older brother,” &quot;younger brother&quot;older sister,&quot; and &quot;younger sister.<sup>11</sup></span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">older</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">younger</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">(brother)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">gēge</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">didi</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">(brothers)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">xiōngdi</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">(sister)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">JigJie</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">měimei</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">(sisters)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">jiěměi</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:12pt 10pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">When referring to both older and younger sisters, the term .liěměi is used* When referring to both older and younger &quot;brothers, the term xiōngdt is used. When referring to sisters and brothers, the phrase xiSngdi Jlgměi is used.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:21pt;padding:12pt 21pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chinese also distinguishes between grandparents on the father<sup>f</sup>s side of the family and grandparents on the mother<sup>1</sup>s side:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">father<sup>1</sup>s side</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font23">mother's side</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">(grandfather</span><span class="font23">)|</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">zǔfu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">vaizǔfu</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font23">(</span><span class="font24">grandmother)!</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">zǔmǔ</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font23">v</span><span class="font21">在</span><span class="font23"> izǔmǔ</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:15pt 48pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The syllable vSi- in vaizufň and vSizSinu literally means &quot;outer&quot; or &quot;outside•”</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark92"></a><span class="font8">DRILLS</span></p>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">A. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">Give affirmative ansvers, using </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">y5u</span><span class="font24">.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Ta y5u Měiguo pěngyou</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 35pt 9pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she have any American friends?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta y5u Zhōngguo pěngyou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she have Chinese</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">friends?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta y5u Děguo pěngyou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she have German</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">friends?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font24"> Tā y5u RibSn pěngyou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she have Japanese friends?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā y5u Jiānada pěngyou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she have Canadian</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">friends?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā y5u Ěguo pěngyou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she have Russian</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">friends?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā ySu Ylngguo pěngyou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she have English</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">friends?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="46%">
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 24pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You: YSu, tā y5u MSiguo pěngyou. (Yes, he/she has some American friends.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">You, tā you Zhōngguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, he/she has Chinese friends.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Y5u, ta you Děguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, he/she has German friends.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">You, tā y5u Rtben pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> he/she has Japanese friends.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">YSu, ta ySu Jiānada pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">(Yes,</span><span class="font24"> he/she has Canadian friends•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">You, tā y5u Ěguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, he/she has Russian friends.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 2pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Y5u</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> tā ySu Ylngguo pěngyou-(Yes, he/she has English friends.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="54%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">B.</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 36pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 15pt 0pt;"><span class="font7">2,</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Give affirmative answers, using </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">y5u</span><span class="font24">.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font24">: Ta ySu gěge ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 39pt 12pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he/she have an older brother?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā you Jiejie ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā you didi ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="45%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Y5u, tā you gēge.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, he/she has an older brother.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You, tā y5u jiSjie,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You, tā you didi.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="42pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p><span class="font24">U, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā you měimei ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāmen ySu haizi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāmen ySu nanhaizi ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāmen you nuhāizi ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">YSu, tā ySu měimei.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Y5u, tāmen you haizi. Y5u, tāmen y5u nanhaizi. YSu, tāmen you nuhāizi.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="52%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">C. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Give negative ansvers, using měiyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font16">1</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Zhang Xiānsheng ySu</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">JiSjie ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 22pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(Does Mr. Zhāng have an older sister?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Xiānsheng ySu nUhaizi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lin Xiānsheng ySu něimei ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā taitai y5u gēge ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huang XiSoJiS y8u didi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;M&amp; Xiānsheng MS Taitai y5u haizi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yang Taitai ySu nanhaizi ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="47%">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Měiyou, Zhāng Xiānsheng n^iyou JiSjie.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(No, Mr. Zhang doesn<sup>f</sup>t have an older sister.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, WSng Xiānsheng měiyou nuhiizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, Lin Xiānsheng mliyou mělmei•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, tā taLitai meiyou gēge.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, Huing Xiaojie měiyou dtdi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, Ma Xiānsheng MS Tāitai měiyou haizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Meiyou, Yang Tititai měiyou nanhāizi.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">D</span><span class="font32">。 </span><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 16pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Give a negative or affirmative response to each question according to the cue.</span></p>
<table cellpadding="17pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="40%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Nī ySu didi ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">1. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font24">:</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-indent:7pt;padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) ySu (Do you have a younger brother?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Nl you didi ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:7pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) měiyou (Do you have a younger brother?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="59%">
<p><span class="font24">You: YSu, wS you didi,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, I have a younger brother</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, wo měiyou didi,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">(No, I don<sup>f</sup>t have a younger &quot;brother.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="17pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā you měimei ma? meiyou</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Tongzhi you gēge ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">měiyou</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tāmen y5u haizi ma? you</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Gu5 Tongzhi you Ylngguo pěngyou</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">ma? měiyou</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chěn Xiānsheng you Faguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">pěngyou ma? you</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, tā měiyou měimei.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 24pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, Wang Tongzhi měiyou gēge.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 12pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">You, tāmen you hāizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 4pt 12pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou, Gu5 Tongzhi měiyou Ylngguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 4pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">You</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> Chěn Xiānsheng you Faguo pěngyou.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">TransformatIon Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Change each ma question to a jī question.</span></p>
<table cellpadding="7pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="54%">
<p><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Tāmen y5u hāizi ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font24">(Do they have children?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="21%">
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tāmen y5u (How many have?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="23%">
<p><span class="font24">jige haizi? children do they</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="23pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="52%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Xiānsheng you Jiejie ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">you Jīge Ji</span><span class="font32">各</span><span class="font24">Jie?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">nanhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">nuhaizi?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāmen you nanhaizi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nīmen you nuhaizi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fang Xiaojie you gēge ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhao Taitai you didi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā you Zhōngguo pěngyou ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="47%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Xiānsheng Tāmen you jige Nlmen you Jige Fang Xiaojie you Jige gēge? Zhao Taitai you Jige didi?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā you Jige Zhōngguo pěngyou?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Respond to the questions according to the cues.</span></p>
<table cellpadding="14pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="54%">
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Zhāng Tongzhi you Jīge haizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) 2 (How many children does Comrade Zhāng have?)</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">Zhao Tongzhi you yige nūhāizi,</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">2. Zhao Tongzhi you Jige niihaizi?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/></td>
<td valign="top" width="45%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">You: Zhāng Tongzhi y5u liangge haizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(Comrade Zhāng has two children.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="7pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">3. Chěn Tongzhi you Jige nanhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">3</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 5pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Jiāng Tongzhi you Jige Meigua pěngyou? 5</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fang Tongzhi y5u Jige měimei?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">1</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Xiānsheng you Jīge Zhōngguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">pěngyou? 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 60pt 34pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Tā ySu Jīge gēge? 3</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">G. Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">Add the cues to the questions*</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font23">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā you Jīge nanhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font23">(cue) nuhiizi (Hov many sons does he/ she have?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huang Xiānsheng you jīge Měiguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">pěngyou? Faguo pěngyou</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font23">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Li Taitai you Jīge gēge? didi</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 20pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">Sun Xiaojie you jige jiějie? měimei</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">5</span><span class="font32">。</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāmen y5u Jīge Ylngguo pěngyou?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">Děguo pěngyou</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Song Xiānsheng y5u jige nanhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">nuhaizi</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">7* Tā you jige gēge? jiejie</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn Tongzhi you sānge nanhiizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Jiāng Tongzhi you wuge MSiguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Fang Tongzhi you yfge měimei.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Wsuig Xiānsheng y5u liSngge Zhōngguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 105pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā you sānge gēge.</span></p>
<p style="padding:105pt 1pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">You</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Tā you jSge nanhaizi, Jige nuhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">(How many sons and how many daughters does he/she have?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Kuang Xiānsheng you jige Měiguo pěngyou, jige Faguo pěngyou?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">LS Taitai you jīge gēge</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> jīge didi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Sun Xiaojie you jīge- jiějie, jSge měimei?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tamen y5u jīge Yīngguo pěngyou, jige Děguo pěngyou?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Song Xiānsheng y5u jige nanhaizi <sub>4</sub> jīge nuhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā you jīge gēge<sub>s</sub> j£ge jiějie?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 62pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Tā you jige nanhaizi, Jīge nuhaizi?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">1.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Use 1) jiu + the num&quot;ber and 2) měiyou to answer each question.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 9pt 62pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) 2 (How many sons and how many daughters does he/she have?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Lī Xiānsheng you Jīge gēge,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Jige JiSjie? 1</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng XiǎoJiě you Jige jiejie, Jige měimei? 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōu Taitai you Jige gēge, jige didi? 1</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 60pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">U.</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font18" style="font-style:italic;">6</span><span class="font26" style="font-style:italic;">.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">T.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Hū Xiānsheng you Jige didi, jige měimei? 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">ySu jige Fāguo pěngyou, Ige Děguo pěngyou? 2</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">Tǎ</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 5pt;"><a name="bookmark93"></a><span class="font24">Jige</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen you jīge nanhaizi, jige nūhaizi? 1</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">You: Ta Jiu you liangge nanhaizi, měiyou nuhaizi.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 33pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she has only two sons, no daughters.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 8pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā jiu y5u ylge gēge, měiyou JiěJie.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā jiu you liǎngge JieJie</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> měiyou měimei </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Jiu you yige gēge, meiyou didi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 8pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā jiu you liangge didi, měiyou měimei.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā jiu you liSngge Faguo pěngyou, měiyou Děguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen Jiu you ylge nanhaizi, měiyou niahāizi.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">I. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā you j5ge nanhaizi,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">Jige nuhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 10pt 12pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) 2</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> 3 (How many sons and how many daughters does he/she have?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhōu Tongzhi you jige gēge,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Jige didi? 1</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhāng Tongzhi you jīge jiejie,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Jige měimei? 3</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> 1</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 10pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font24"> Tāmen you jīge Zhongguo pěngyou, jige Ri&quot;ben pěngyou? 5</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> 1</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā you liangge nanhaizi, sānge nuhaizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 25pt 33pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she has two sons and three daughters.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 48pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōu Tongzhi you ylge gēge, liangge didi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 25pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng Tongzhi you sānge jiejie, yige měimei.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 25pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen you wuge Zhōngguo pěngyou, yige Riten pěngyou.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn Tongzhi ySu jige Ylngguo pěngyou, jige Děguo pěngyou?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="52%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn T6ngzhi y5u sānge Yīngguo pěngyou, liSngge Děguo pěngyou.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Liti T6ngzhi y5u Jige n£nh^izi，<sup>k</sup> jige nuhāizi? 2, 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7. Tā ySu Jīge JigJie, Jige gēge?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Lili Tongzhi<sub>w</sub>ySu liǎngge nānhaizi, liǎngge nuhiizi.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Tā y5u yfge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sānge gēge.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">The speaker will ask you two questions for each exchange. Use the niunber cue to ansver the first question. Answer the second question vith dōu and the first alternative.</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speakert Qingvěn, tāmen y5u Jige</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 83pt;"><span class="font24">h£izi?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 5pt 3pt 83pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) 2 (May I ask, how many children do they have?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 5pt 12pt 83pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Shi</span><span class="font24"> nānhaizi, shi nuhaizi? (Are they boys or girls?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngwěn, tā ySu jīge xiSngdl?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 6pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Shi gēge, shi didi?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3- Qingwěn, tā y5u jige JiSmli?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">měimei?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Jige Zhongguo</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:18pt 7pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">shi nupěngyou? Jige MSiguo</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 7pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">shi niipěngyou? Jīge haizi?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">SM JiSjie, shi</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 5pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Qlngwěn，tā ySu pěngyou? U</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Shi nānpěngyou,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngvěn，tā ySu</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">pěngyou? 2</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Shi nānpěngyou,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngwěn, ta you</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Shi nānhaizi, shi nuhaizi?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Qingwěn, tāmen you Jige haizi?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="43%">
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 39pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tāmen y5u liSngge hāizi. (They have tvo children.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:39pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">Dōu shi nanhaizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">(Both of them are toys.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā ySu sānge xiongdt.</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Dōu shi gēge.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta ySu liSngge J iSměi•</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Dōu shi JiSjie.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 4pt 18pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā you sige Zhōngguo pěngyou,</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Dōu shi nanpengyou.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 4pt 18pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā you liSngge Měiguo pěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Dōu shi nanpěngyou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā you sānge haizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Dōu shi nanhaizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen you wuge hatzi *</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">Shi nanhaizi, shi nShaizi?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Dōu shi nanhaizi.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
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<td valign="top" width="59%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">K. Substitution Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Qlngwen, nīmen jiāli</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">You: QJngwěn, tāmen jiāli you shěnme rěn?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 88pt;"><span class="font24">you shěnme rěn?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 88pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) tāmen</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngvěn, tāmen Jiāli ySu shěnme</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Qlngvěn,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">shěnme</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">Qīngven,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">shěnme</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">rěn? Fang Xiānsheng</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qīngvěn, Fang Xiānsheng jiāli</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">ySu shěnme ren?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng XiǎojiS</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="40%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 3pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Fang Xiānsheng Jiali you ren?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 3pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhang XiaoJjg jiāli y5u ren? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;~</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="66%">
<p><span class="font24">Qingwěn, Zhāng^XiSoJig Jiāli &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qīngwěn,</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">U,</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">y5u shěnme ren? Li MlngH &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shěnme</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qīngwěn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Lī</span><span class="font24"> Mlngli jiāli y5u &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qingwěn,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 12pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">shěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ren? ni gēge &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rěn?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font32">边</span><span class="font24">ngwěn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nl gēge jiali you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qīngwěn,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">shěnme &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rěn? nl pěngyou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shěnme</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qingvěn，nl pěngyou Jiāli y5u</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">shěnme ren?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="33%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Li Mlngli Jiāli ySu rěn?~</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">nl gēge Jiāli you shěnme</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">ni pěngyou Jiali ySu rln?~</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Add the cue and </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font24"> to each sentence.</span></p>
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<td valign="top" width="47%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Tā y8u yige hiizi.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">1.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 7pt 9pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) tSitai </span><span class="font23">(He/she has one child•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Hū Xiānsheng y5u ylge měimei• muqin</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Lī Xi&amp;ojie you liSngge didi. jiejie</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Liu Xiānsheng y5u ylge nuhaizi. muqin</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">6.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Lin Taitai you sānge nanhaizi• xiānsheng</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">Tā </span><span class="font24">you yige jiejie.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">fuqin</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Xiānsheng you sige haizi. taitai</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="52%">
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You: You ta těitai gēn ylge haizi. (There*s his wife and one child.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 24pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You tā mǔqin gēn ylge měimei.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">YSu tā JiSjie gēn liSngge didi*</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">YSu tā muqin gēn ylge nuhaizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You tā xiānsheng gēn sānge nanhaizi,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You tā fuqin gēn ylge JiěJie.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">YSu tā tāitai gen sige haizi.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
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<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tamen haizi dou zai</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">zhěli na?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) MSiguo •</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 39pt 12pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(Are all of their children here?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta gēge, ji5jie dōu zsli zhěli</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">ma? Jiāzhōu</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta </span><span class="font32">搞</span><span class="font24">iguo pěngyou dōu zai zhěli</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">ma? Taizhōng</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 3pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Tā didi, měimei dou </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Zhōngguo ma? Dězhōu</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wing Xiānshengde hilzi dōu zai</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Dezh5u ma? Jiāzhōu</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něi liSngwěi Xiānsheng dōu zai</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">ShiLn^iSi ma? QīngdSo</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 3pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font32">了《</span><span class="font24"> Tāmen h&amp;izi dōu z^i XiānggSng ma? MSigu6</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">You: Bū, ylge </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> zhěli, ylge hai zai MSiguo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 7pt 21pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(No. One is here, and one is still in America.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:21pt 7pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bix, yige zili &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhěli, ylge h&amp;i zai Jiāzhōu.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bu, ylge zai &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhěli, ylge hai zai Taizhōng.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">BCl, ylge zili Zhōngguo, yfge hii </span><span class="font23">zāl Dězhou.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bū, ylge zeLi Dezhōu, ylge hai zai Jiāzhōu.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Bu, ylge zclI ShinghSi, ylge hāi </span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">zai Qīngdao.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 7pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bň, ylge zaLi XiānggSng, ylge hāi zili MSiguō.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 30pt 0pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark94"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 4 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Topics</span><span class="font24"> Covered In This Unit</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arrival and departure times,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The marker</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">&quot; • de</span><span class="font24"> construction.</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Materials You Will Need</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes» the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes» the Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The UD-1 tape.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 172pt;"><a name="bookmark15"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(in Beijing)</span></p>
<table>
<tr><td>
<p><span class="font24">Nl </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">kiren</span><span class="font24"> lai ma?</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">Is your wife coming?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B</span><span class="font32">：</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">She is coming.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl airen lai le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Has your wife come?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Lai le, tā lai le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, she has come.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nī ftlren yS lai le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Has your wife come too?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B</span><span class="font32">：</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Ta hgi měi lai.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">She hasn't come yet.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shěnme shlhou lāi?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Vhen is she coming?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā mlngtiān l£i.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">She is coming tomorrow.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 23pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyou shěnme shlhou dāo?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">When is your friend arriving?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā yījlng </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āko</span><span class="font24"> le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">He has already arrived.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 23pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ shi shěnme sh£hou deLode?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">When did she arrive?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi zuotiān daode.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">She arrived yesterday.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nī shi ylge rěn liide ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Did you come alone?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 23pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">BG. shi <sub>9</sub> v5 bu shi ylge rěn lāide.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Ho, I didn^t come alone.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">8.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Hi shěnme shlhou z5u?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Vhen are you leaving?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">WS jīntiān z5u.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">rm leaving today.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl něitiān z5u?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">What day are you leaving?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B</span><span class="font32">：</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">W5 JIntiān z5u.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">I*m leaving today•</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 44pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hSutian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the day after tomorrow</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qiantiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the day before yesterday</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tiāntiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;every day</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 4pt;"><a name="bookmark12"></a><span class="font8">VOCABULARY</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font24">13. ěrzi li|. nuěr</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">son</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">daughter</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āho</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">to arrive</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ěrzi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">son</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">hdutiān (hěutian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">the day after tomorrow</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">JIntiān (JIntiān)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">today</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">l£i</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">to come</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">le</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(combined le_: new-situat: and completion marker)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">mlngtiān (mlngtian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">tomorrow</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">něitiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">what day</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">nuěr</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">daughter</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">qiantiān (qiāntian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">the day before yesterday</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">shěnme shlhou</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">vhen</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">shi...de</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(focus construction)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">-tiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">day</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">tiāntiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">every day</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ylge rěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">singly, alone</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">yījlng (yljing)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">already</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zSu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">to leave</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zuStian (zuotian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">yesterday</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:33pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">to get married, to be married not to be married</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Jiěhūn měi Jiěhūn</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p><span class="font24">(introduced in </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Communication Game)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">but</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">keshi</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">xiǎng</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">to think, to think that</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 84pt 161pt;"><a name="bookmark28"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
<p style="padding:84pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Hotes on Ho. 1</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 15pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">These sentences refer to future time, but lSi is not a future-tense form. Strictly speaking, Chinese ver*bs do not have tenses. The same form of the verb can be used in present, past, and future contexts.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 15pt 114pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">We translated the sentence Tā zai T&amp;inňn gongzud as &quot;He vorks in Tainan/<sup>1</sup> assuming a present context• But in a past contepct we could translate It as &quot;He worked in Tainan</span><span class="font32">”；</span><span class="font24"> and in a future context we could translate it as &quot;He vill vork in Tainan •” The verb form gongzud does not tell you vhat time is being talked about. You have to look elsewhere for that information, perhaps to a time expression like &quot;last year” or &quot;nov” or &quot;tomorrow,<sup>M</sup> or to the conversational setting.</span></p>
<p style="padding:114pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 15pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Aspect: Le is an aspect marker. Through the use of and other one-syllable markers (de, zhe, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font24">, guo), the Chinese language indicates vhether the occurrence being talked a*bout is completed, ongoing, about to occur, or experienced for the first time. Aspect markers may also *be used to indicate vhether the whole situation in the sentence is a nev, changed situation.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 15pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">&quot;Completion” and &quot;nev situation<sup>11</sup> are not tenses &quot;but aspects. Aspect is a vay of talking about events or activities in relation to time. While tenses categorize action in terms of features such as completedness and change. Aspect markers are very different from tense markers because the same aspect may be used in past, present, and future contexts.. We may speak of an action that vill &quot;be completed as of a future time, for example, or of a situation that was new as of a past time. English conmunicates these ideas to a certain extent through the use of many different tenses for the verb (future perfect, simple past, etc,). Chinese does this through the use of aspect markers and time vords. The verbs themselves do not change form.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 22pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Le is used in exchange 2 to indicate tvo aspects</span><span class="font32">一</span><span class="font24">completion and nev situation, (it is, however, often used to indicate only one aspect.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 22pt 114pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Here, it indicates that the person has come, meaning that the action is completed, and that the person is now here, a changed situation. When the marker Ie refers to both these aspects, ve call it ”combined le.<sup>f?</sup> Combined le can &quot;be thought of as a telescoping of the completion le folloved by a nev-situatioxi le: le_ le becomes le. In the next two units, you will see the marker le used to Indicate each of these aspects separately.</span></p>
<p style="padding:114pt 0pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font24"> on No, 3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:15pt 0pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Negative of combined le: Compare these affirmative and negative forms:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">affirmative</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Hi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(is coming)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">negative</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">bii</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(isn*t coining)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">affirmative</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">111</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">le</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(has come [nov])</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">negative</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">hāi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">měi(you)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">lSi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(hasn<sup>f</sup>t come [yet])</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:18pt 22pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Notice that the marker le does not appear in the negative ansver in the exchange.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">H|i</span><span class="font32">_：</span><span class="font24"> The negative of a sentence containing combined le_ will include the adverb hai, ”yet,” as well as the negative měi (you) • In English, the ”yet” is frequently left out.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Like other adverbs such as </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">ye</span><span class="font24">, hai alvays precedes the verb, although not alvays directly. Elements such as the negatives and měi may come between an adverb and a verb,</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měiyou</span><span class="font24">, &quot;not have，” is used to negate the aspect of completion; that is, to say that a certain event did not take place. Měiyou may *be shortened to měi. Here are three possible negative ansvers to the question Ta lai le ma? &quot;Has he come?”</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">hāi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">•měiyou</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">lai.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(He hasn<sup>f</sup>t come yet.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">hai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">mei</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">lai.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(He hasn't come yet.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Hai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">měiyou.</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 32pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">| (Not yet.)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:156pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Note on Nos, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k-5</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:15pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Position of time vords: Time phrases occupy the same position in a sentence as adverbs such as jr? and haibetween the subject and the verb.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">shlnme shfhou</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">lai?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(When is she coming?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">mlngtiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">lgi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(She is coming tomorrow.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Ta</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">yS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(She has come too.)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:156pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on Nos* </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">6</span><span class="font32" style="text-decoration:underline;">•了</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:26pt;padding:15pt 17pt 27pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(Shi), &quot;de</span><span class="font24">:* This is another way to indicate the aspect of completion. The aspect marker l«e and the pattern (shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">). • • de</span><span class="font24"> perform different functions and convey different meanings. This is how they are different:</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 38pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">^On occasion, a speaker may omit the shi (which is why it is written in parentheses in these notes).</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 27pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The aspect marker </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">le_</span><span class="font24"> or its negative měi (you) is used when the center of interest is whether or not an action took place. For example, if you do not knov whether Mr. Sun came or not, you would ask</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lāile měiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did he come?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">and you would &quot;be answered either</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lāile. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He came.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">or</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font24">Tā měi ldi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He didn't come.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 13pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In this question and ansver, you use le_ or its negative měi (you) because the focus is on whether the action took place or not.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 27pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The purpose of the (shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">).&quot;de</span><span class="font24"> construction, on the other hand, is to </span><span class="font23">focus on additional information about a completed action; that is, the </span><span class="font24">construction is used when the center of interest is NOT vhether or not a certain action took place. For example, once it has been established that Mr. Sun did in fact come, the (shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">)• &quot;de</span><span class="font24"> construction will probably be used for any additional questions and ansvers a&quot;bout his coming. For example:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi shěnme shlhou laide? When did he come?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zuotiān lāide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He casie yesterday•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi yige rěn liide ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did he come alone?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 71pt;"><span class="font23">Tā shi yige rěn IdicLe. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He came alone.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 27pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">These questions and ansvers use the (shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">)...de</span><span class="font24"> construction because you already knov that Mr. Sun came and nov you are asking for additional information about his visit. Many types of additional information can be focus points for which the </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(shi)...de</span><span class="font24"> construction is used. In Tā shi shěnme shlhou lěide? the additional information is the time vhen something happens. In Tā shi yige </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">rěn</span><span class="font24"> lāide ma? the information asked for is the manner in which something takes place. Other possible focus points are place, cause of action, goal of action, and performer of action.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Now let*s take a look at how shi and de_ function separately in this construction. The vert </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font24">，coming before the phrase vhich is the center of interest, serves as a signal that what follows is emphasised. The ver&quot;b ”to &quot;be” is often used in a similar way in English to mark the center of interest:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zuStiān lāide ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Was it yesterday that he came?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 13pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Another vay of showing the center of interest in English is &quot;by word stress. Here is a comparison &quot;between focusing in Chinese with (shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">)…de</span><span class="font24"> and focusing in English with stress:</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Has he come?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 71pt;"><span class="font24">Lai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, he has.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">Tā shi zuotiān lāide ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did he come YESTERDAY?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 71pt;"><span class="font24">ShiTTā shi zuStiāīTlaide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, YESTERDAY.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:0pt 23pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The marker de coming after the verb indicates completion. When the marker de is not used in the sentence, that sentence no longer describes a completed event. The marker shi by itself emphasizes something about the action. Compare these sentences:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi JIntiān l&amp;i. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She is coming (later) today.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi JIntiān laide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She came (earlier) today.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">For the time being, you vill not use </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font24"> without </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font24">.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:15pt 37pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The negative form of the (</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi)••.de</span><span class="font24"> construction is bň shi,</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">•.de.</span><span class="font24"> Compare this with the negatives you have already learned:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">zu6tiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Iii</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">-de. | (It vas YESTERDAY ■ .that he came.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">zu6tiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">l&amp;i</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">-de. 1 (It vasn<sup>f</sup>t YESTERDAY | that he came.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="8">
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Iii</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(He has come.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">hāi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Iii.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(He hasn’t come.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="8">
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">(mlngtiān)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">lāi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(He is coming Ctomorrov].)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">(mlngtiān)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">lāi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(He isn<sup>f</sup>t coming CtomorrowD.) </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:15pt 23pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notice that in a shi*</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">•</span><span class="font24">&gt;de construction the negative bi precedes the verb shi rather than the main verb. Short ansvers are also formed vith shi rather than with the main verb:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi ylge rěn lāide ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did you come alone?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Shi, vS shi ylge rěn lāide• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yes, I came alone.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 13pt 15pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">wS </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">tix</span><span class="font24"> shi ylge rěn laide. No, I didn’t come alone.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:15pt 23pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The (shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">)...de</span><span class="font24"> construction is not used in every completed-action sentence containing a time, place, or manner phrase. If the center of interest is still vhether or not the action took place, le_ is used. If, for example, you knew that someone was expected to come yesterday and you wanted to find out only whether he actually did come, the conversation might go as follows:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">A: Tā zu6tiān mei lSi ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Didn<sup>f</sup>t he COME yesterday?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">B; Tā zu6tiān lāi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He DID COME yesterday.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 15pt 150pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Literally, yige rěn means &quot;one person.&quot; When the expression is used to describe hov someone does something, translate it as &quot;alone•”</span></p>
<p style="padding:150pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Note on Nos. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">8-9</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 15pt 18pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The word for &quot;day” is the bound vord -tiān. To ask &quot;vhat day&quot; (literally &quot;vhich day”), the bound vord </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">nSi</span><span class="font32" style="text-decoration:underline;">、</span><span class="font24"> &quot;vhich,” is combined with the bound vord </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-tiSn</span><span class="font24">, &quot;day</span><span class="font32">”：</span><span class="font24"> nSitian (like nSlguo, &quot;vhich country”）.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">nSitiān?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">(what day?/which day?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">qiantiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">(day before yesterday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">zuotiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">(yesterday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">JIntiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">(tod®^)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">mlngtiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">(tomorrow)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">hdutiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">(day after tomorrow)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:18pt 15pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Some speakers say the -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">tiān</span><span class="font24"> in these words in the Neutral tone: qiantian,, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">zu6tian</span><span class="font24">, jlntlan^ mlngtiān, hōutian.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark95"></a><span class="font8">DRILLS</span></p>
<table cellpadding="9pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="56%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">A. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transformation Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Nl Siren lai ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font24">(Is your spouse coming?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nl funtu zou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nī pěngyou zSu ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nī gēge zou ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font22">5</span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nl JigJie l£i ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">6.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NX měimei ill ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NX didi zSu ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="43%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Nī airen lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font24">(Has your spouse come?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Nl fuzmi z5u le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Nī pěngyou z5u le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Nl gēge zou le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Nl JiSjie lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Nī měimei lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Nī didi zSu le ma?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="25pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">B. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā lSi le ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she come?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">M£o</span><span class="font24"> Tongzhi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">dko le</span><span class="font24"> ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lī T6ngzh3t zSu le ma? </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MS TSngzht z5u le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhāng TSngzht l£i le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huang Tongzhi dao le nsa?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了，</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sūn Tongzht zou le ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Ta yījlng lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she already come?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Mao Tongzhi yijlng d</span><span class="font32">备</span><span class="font24">。le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Li Tongzhi yijlng zSu le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Mǎ TSngzhl yījlng z5u le ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng Těngzht yījlng ill le ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Huang Tongzhi yījlng diLo le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Sun TSngzhi yījlng zSu le ma?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">C. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Ta lai le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Tā hai měi lai.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 11pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she come?) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she hasn’t come yet.)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Wang T6ngzhī zSu le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">hai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">m4i</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zou.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Li Tongzhi dao le jna?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">hāi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">dao.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Hě TSngzhi lāi le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">hāi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">lai.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Zhao Tongzhi lěi le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">hai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">mei</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">lai.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Liu Tongzhi z5u le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">hSi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zou.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Sun Tongzhi lai le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">hai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">l&amp;i.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 0pt 26pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<table cellpadding="11pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Ta z8u le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 76pt;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she left?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 76pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Siren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 76pt;"><span class="font24">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Ta eLiren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta dSo le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Tā āiren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font24"> Li Tongzhi zSu le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Tā gēge ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang TSngzhi lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Tā airen ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 27pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhao Xiānsheng dao le ma? Tā didi ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 27pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhāng Tongzhi zSu le ma? Chěn Tongzht ne?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: ZSu le, ta yījlng z5u le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, he/she has already left.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 30pt 6pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">Tā airen yS yījlng zSu le. (His/her spouse has already left too*)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Lai le, ta yījlng lāi le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta. &amp;iren y§ yjjing Iii le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dao le, tā yījlng dlto le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta airen y? yījlng dao le,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zou le, tā yījlng zSu le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā gēge y§ yljing zSu le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Lai le, ta yījīng lai le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta airen y5 yījlng lai le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dao le, tā yījīng dao le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā didi yS yījīng dao le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zou le, tā yījlng zou le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn Tongzhi ye yijīng zou le.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="17pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">E. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 77pt;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she come?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 77pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ āiren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 77pt;"><span class="font24">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta zSu le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Ta Siren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā dao le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Tā airen ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. Fāng Nushi 1</span><span class="font32">基</span><span class="font24">i le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ didi ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lī Xiānsheng deU&gt; le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Tā fihoii ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chěn T6ngzhi z5u le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Jiāng T6ngzhi ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. 、Tā muqin dao le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">Tā JiSjie ne?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā hai mei l&amp;i.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she hasn’t come yet.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Siren yS hāi měi l£i. (His/her spouse hasn’t come yet either.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;^</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta h^i </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">m$i</span><span class="font24"> zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta ^iren y2 hai měi zSu»</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā </span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">hai měi diLo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta Siren y8 h£i měi ddo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Fāng Nusht hii měi l&amp;i.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta didi y8 tail zoěi lāi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">LX Xiānsheng h£i mei dsLo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta funǔ yS h£i měi d&amp;o.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn T6ngzht </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h&amp;i</span><span class="font24"> měi zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Jiāng T6ngzhi y8 hSi mSi z8u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā mǔqin hii měi d§o.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā JiSjie yS h£i měi dāo.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">F<sub>#</sub> </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 16pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Give an affirmative response to the first question in each exchange, </span><span class="font23">and </span><span class="font24">include h&amp;i and měi in your response to second question.</span></p>
<table cellpadding="17pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 77pt;"><span class="font24">Tā z5u le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 77pt;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she left?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 77pt;"><span class="font24">Tā airen ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 77pt;"><span class="font24">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 66pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker:</span></p>
<p style="padding:66pt 102pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">2. Tā lai le ma? Tā &amp;iren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 102pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">3- Tā dao le ma? Tā airen ne?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Ta yījlng aSu le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she has already left.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 3pt 6pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">Ta </span><span class="font23">Siren h</span><span class="font21">豸</span><span class="font23">i měi zSu. </span><span class="font24">(His/her spouse hasn<sup>?</sup>t left yet.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā yījīng 1 </span><span class="font32">签</span><span class="font24">i le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā airen hāi měi lai.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā yījlng dao le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā airen hai měi dao.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="32pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 6pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">U. W&amp;ig Xiānsheng zSu le ma? Tā mǔqin ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 6pt 6pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qian Tongzhi lSi le ma? Jiāng Tongzhi ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MSo Nūshi dao le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">Tā měixnei ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">•7. Zēng Fūren zSu le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">Tā tmiqin ne?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 10pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Wing Xiānsheng yījlng z5u le Ta mǔqin h£i měi z5u.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 10pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Qian Tongzht yījlng lSi le. Jiāng T6ngzhi hāi měi lai.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">MSo Nusht yījlng dao le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">měimei</span><span class="font24"> hai měi dao.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zēng Furen yījlng z5u le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā mǔqin hai měi z5u.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<table cellpadding="17pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Tā lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 76pt;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she come?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 76pt;"><span class="font24">Tā iliren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 76pt;"><span class="font24">(And his/her spouse?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font23">2,</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zSu le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Ta Siren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā dSo le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Siren ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font24"> Cāo T6ngzhi l£i le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Sun TSngzht ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 20pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhāng Xiānsheng lai le ma? Tā didi ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā mǔqin dao le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Ta měimei ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 20pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Nushi zou le ma? Zhāng Nlishi ne?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font24">: Tā hāi mil lāi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she hasn’t come yet.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">Tā cliren yījlng lai le. (His/her spouse has already come.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta h£i měi zou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ airen yijlng zSu le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā hāi měi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">dko.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Siren yijīng </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āko</span><span class="font24"> le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Cao T6ngzhi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hti</span><span class="font24"> měi lāi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Sun TSngzhi yījlng lai le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng Xiānsheng hāi měi lāi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā didi yijīng lai le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā muqin hii měi ddo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā měimei yījlng deto le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Nushi hāi měi zou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhang N\isht yījlng z8u le.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="8pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Tā zSu le ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Respond to each question with a completed-action ansver or a yet-to-be-completed answer, depending on the cue.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 36pt 3pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) zu6tian (Has he/she left?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">Ta </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">kiren</span><span class="font24"> ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) zuStian (And his/her spouse?)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā l&amp;i le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">mlngtiān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā &amp;iren ne?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">mlngtiān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ dāo le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">zu6tiān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ aliren ne?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">mlngtiān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zSu le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">mlngtiān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ gege ne?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">zuotian</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 3pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhio TSngzhi ddo le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">zu6tiǎn</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Wing T6ngzhi ne? zu6tiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 3pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā fttaǔ zSu le ma? mlngtiān Tāmen hiizi ne? zuotiān</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 0pt 51pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Tǎ ^iren l£i le ma? zu6tiān Tāmen hllzi ne? mlngtiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:51pt 0pt 9pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">I- </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1* Speaker: Tā shěnme shlhou lai?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 82pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) mlngtiān (When is he/she coining?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="46%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā yijīng zSu le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 6pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her spouse has already left.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font30" style="font-style:italic;">、</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 6pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Siren y2 yījlng zSu le, (His/her spouse has already left too.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">TS hai měi l&amp;i.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta </span><span class="font21">在</span><span class="font24">iren y8 hii měi lil.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><a name="bookmark96"></a><span class="font24">Ta </span><span class="font23">yījlng dSo le:</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Iliren hai měi dao.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ h£i měi zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta gēge yījlng z5u le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāo Tongzhi yijīng dfio le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:18pt 6pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Vang Tongzht yījlng dao le,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ fōinu hai měi z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen haizi yījlng z5u le,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā āiren yijīng lāi le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 81pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen h^izi hii měi</span></p>
<p style="padding:81pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā mlngtiān lai.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is coming tomorrow</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Li Xiānsheng shěnme shlhou zSu? Tā JIntiān z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">JIntiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hū Xiaojiě shěnme shlhou dao? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hōutiān dao.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">hōutiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 16pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">b.</span><span class="font24"> Huang Taitai shěnme shlhou z5u? Tā mlngtiān zou. mlngtiān</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24">Zeng Xiānsheng shěnme shfhou</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">lāi? hdutiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang XiSojiS shěnme shlhou dao?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">JIntiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24">Tā shěnme shlhou z5u?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 60pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">hdutiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">J. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">For each item, ask &quot;vhich d^... .<sup>M</sup></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā lai.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 79pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is coming.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W&amp;ng Xiānsheng z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Li TSitai d&amp;o.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">U. Hu TSitai zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhǎng Xiānsheng dāo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font22">6</span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huong TSitai ill.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 45pt 2pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:45pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">K. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Tā shěnme shlhou lai?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 79pt;"><span class="font24">(When is he/she coming?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wing Xiānsheng shěnme shlhou</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">delo?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lī Taitai shenme shlhou z5u?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">U. Hū Xiānsheng shenme shlhou lai?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. Huang Tilitai shěnme shlhou dao?</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 115pt 90pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā hdutiān iii. Tā JIntiān dao. Tā hdutiān zSu.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:90pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You: Ta nSitiān lSi?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(Which day is he/she coming?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Wing Xiānsheng nSitiān zSu?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">UC TeLltai nSitian dSo?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font32">时</span><span class="font24"> Tāitai nSitiān zSu?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Zhang Xiānsheng nSitiān d</span><span class="font32">爸</span><span class="font24">o?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Hutng Taitai nSitiǎn lāi?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 69pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta nSitiān zSu?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:69pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">You; Tā shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">shenme</span><span class="font24"> shlhou laide?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">(When did he/she come?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 7pt 12pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Xiānsheng shi shěnme shlhou daode?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 7pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Li Taitai shi shěnme shlhou zSude?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 7pt 12pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Hu Xiānsheng shi shěnme shlhou iSide?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 7pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Huang Tāitai shi shěnxne shlhou daode?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lin Taitai shěnme shlhou zǒu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shěnme shlhou lai?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font23">Lin Taitai shi shěnme shlhou soude? Tā shi shenme shlhou lāide?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">L. </span><span class="font23" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font23"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 4pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">Respond with a shi</span><span class="font23" style="text-decoration:underline;">…de</span><span class="font23"> sentence</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">1, Speaker: Tā lai.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 26pt 3pt 87pt;"><span class="font23">(cue) mlngtiān (He/she is coining.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 39pt;"><span class="font23">OR Tā </span><span class="font24" style="font-style:italic;">Iii</span><span class="font23"> le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 48pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font23">(cue) zuotiān (He/she came.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">•2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Taitai z5u. JIntiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">3T &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huěng TSitai 7,5u le. qiSntiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">U<sub>0</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font22" style="font-style:italic;">Li</span><span class="font23"> Xiānsheng lai. hdutiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">5« &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lin Xiānsheng lai le, zuotiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">6, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ma Xiaojie dao le. qiantiān</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">when the cue makes it appropriate•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">You: Tā mingtian lāi.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 18pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">(He/she is coming tomorrow.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:18pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zuStlān- laide.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 49pt;"><span class="font23">(He/she came yesterday-}</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">Wang TiEitai JIntiān z5u.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font23">Huěng Taitai shi qiantiān z5ude. </span><span class="font24">Li Xiānsheng hSutian </span><span class="font23">lai.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font23">Lin Xiānsheng </span><span class="font22" style="font-style:italic;">shi</span><span class="font23"> </span><span class="font22">2</span><span class="font23">uotiaii laide &lt;</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font23">Ma Xiaojie shi oiantian daode.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">CVive affirmative responses to th^ quer/t'lcnr</span><span class="font31">’。</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 83pt;"><span class="font23">1 * Speaker</span><span class="font30">：</span><span class="font23"> Tā shi auction laide (Did he/-he come </span><span class="font24">yesterday?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">?. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xiānsheng shi Jīntiān daode</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">m^?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">3. Li Tongzhi shi qiantiān zǒude ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">U, Mao Fūren mlngtiān lai ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāmen haizi houtiān dao ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font23">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā fumu JIntiān zou ma?</span></p></td>
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<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 21pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">You: ^hide. shi zuotiān 1 </span><span class="font32">系</span><span class="font24">W' </span><span class="font23">(Yer». &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;she came yesterd^/* )</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">FliJVr . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Xiānsheng shi J Inti an</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">daode</span><span class="font22" style="font-style:italic;">,</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">Shide, Li Tongzhi shi qiaiitian </span><span class="font24">zoude</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 21pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Shide. Mao Fūren ialng^lān lai. </span><span class="font23">Shide. Tamen haizi houtiān dao. </span><span class="font24">Shide. Tā fumǔ Jintiān sou.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">7. Zhang NUshi shi zuotiān laide &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shide. Zhāng Nushi shi zuotiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 57pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;laide.</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">N. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Give negative responses to the shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">&quot; •de</span><span class="font24"> questions.</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Ta shi zuotiān l£ide</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 34pt 12pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(Did he/she come yesterday?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiǎng Xiānsheng shi JIntiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">dāode ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhāng TSngzhī shi qiintiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">z5ude ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font24"> Tamen shi zuStlān lāide ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tamen hiizi shi qiāntiān dSode</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hě Tongzhi shi Jīntiān zSude ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">7. Tā ^iren shi zu6tiǎn lāide na?</span></p></td>
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<p style="padding:0pt 7pt 21pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You: Bū. Tā &quot;bu shi zuotiān laide. (No. He/she didn't cone yesterday.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 7pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Bil. Jiāng Xiānsheng tu shi JIntiān d^ode.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">B\i. Zhāng Tongzhi bu shi qiāntian z5ude.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Bū. Tāmen &quot;bū shi zuotiān lāide.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Bū. Tamen h£izi bu shi qiantian diode•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Bfi. He Tongzhi bū shi jīntiān zSude•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">B\i. Tā eLiren bu shi zuotiān l4ide.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">0. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">According to the cues, give an affirmative or a negative response to each shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">…de</span><span class="font24"> question.</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi zu6tiān lāide ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 42pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:42pt 11pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">OR</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-indent:7pt;padding:0pt 30pt 3pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) affirmative (Did he/she come yesterday?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi zuotiān l&amp;ide ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) negative (Did he/she come yesterday?)</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 27pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">You: Shide. Tā shi zuotiān lāide. (Yes. He/she came yesterday.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:27pt 5pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi zuStian laide &lt;&nbsp;(No. He/she didn<sup>f</sup>t come yesterday.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Tongzhi shi qiantian daode ma? neg.</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Bu. Wang Tongzhi bu shi qiantiān daode•</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;"><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-8.png" style="width:300pt;height:243pt;"/></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 42pt 0pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark97"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 5 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Topics Covered in This Unit</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Date and place of Mrth.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Days of the week.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3<a name="footnote6"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark98">6</a></sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ages.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The marker </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">le_</span><span class="font24"> for new situations.</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Materials You Will Need</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l </span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">and </span><span class="font24">P«1 tapes, the Reference List and Refererce Nc'-</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> the Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The 5D-1 tape.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark62"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">(in BSiJīng)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Anděsěn Pǔren, ni shi zeli</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xi&amp;r</span><span class="font24"> shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: W5 shi zsli Dězhōu shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nīmen shi XIngqIsi daode ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 14pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: Bū shi, women shi XIngqIwfi daode•</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 18pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nimen xīngqlJi z5u?</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: WSmen XIngqītiān zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k<sub>9</span><span class="font24"></sub> A: Nl shi nSini^n shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 14pt 0pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: W5 shi Yij iǔsānj iunian shěngde•</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 18pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Mrs. Anderson, where were you born</span><span class="font32">嗲</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">I vas born in Texas• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Did you arrive on Thursday?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 24pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">No, we arrived on Friday.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 6pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">What day of the veek are you leaving?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">We are leaving on Sunday.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">What year were you bora?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">I was bom in 1939.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">8.<a name="footnote7"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark99">7</a></sup>A</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font12">10</span><span class="font27">.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">WS ěrshisi le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Ni du6 del le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">W8 sānshivǔ le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Nlmen nuhaizi Jisui le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Tā basu</span><span class="font32">文</span><span class="font24"> le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Nlmen nanhaizi dōu Jlsut le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 8pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Yfge Jiǔsui le, ylge liusut le.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">5</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">NI</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Jlyiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">W5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Qlyiie</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ni</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ilhko</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">wS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Sih^o</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7.<sup>d</sup></span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">NI</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">duo</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">dā le?</span></p></td></tr>
</table></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Hov</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">old</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">are</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">you?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">I,m</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">2U.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">How</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">old</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">are</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">you?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">35.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">How</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">old</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">is your girl?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">She<sup>1</sup></span></p></td><td colspan="3">
<p><span class="font24"><sup>f</sup>s eight years old.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Hov</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">old</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">are</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">your boys?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">One</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">is nine</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">,and one is</span></p></td></tr>
</table></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">What month were you born?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 15pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">I vas born in July.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:15pt 5pt 6pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">What day of the month were you &quot;born?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">I vas born on the fourth.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<table>
<tr><td>
<p><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(not</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">11.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">hSunian (hSxinian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">the year after next</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">12.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Jlnnian (jlnnian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">this year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">13.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">mlngniān (mlngnian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">next year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Ik.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">niānnlān (nlannian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">every year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">15.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">qiānnian (qiannian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">the year before last</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">16</span><span class="font24">.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">K s</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">qunian (qunian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">last year</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark63"></a><span class="font8">VOCABULARY</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">duo diL</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font24">how old</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">hdunian (hduaian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font24">the year after next</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Jlhao</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">jīnnian (jīnnian)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Jisui</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Jīyiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font24">what day of the month this year how old what month</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">mlngniān (mlngnian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font24">next year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">nSinitn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">nlannian (ni&amp;nnlan)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font24">vhich year every year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">qianniān (qiānnian) quniān (qunian)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font24">the year before last last year</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">shēng</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">-sul</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font24">to be born year (of age)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xīngqlJI Xīngqītiaci Xīngqlyl (XIngqIěr</span><span class="font32">， </span><span class="font24">Xīngqīsān, Xīngqǐsi, Xīngqīwǔ, Xīngq.Ili\i)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font24">what day of the veek</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font24">S\inday</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 56pt;"><span class="font24">Monday (Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday Friday, Saturday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(introduced on C-2, P-2,</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">and drill tapes)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 85pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">shangge yiiě xicLge yiiě zheige yiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 67pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font24">last month next month this month</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-indent:22pt;padding:0pt 12pt 15pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">The </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi.</span><span class="font24">.tde construction is used to focus on place expressions as well as on time and manner expressions.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">W5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> MSiguo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">shēng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(I vas born in America.)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">WHERE</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">W5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">zu6tian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">deto</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">_de*</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(I arrived yesterday.)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">WHEN</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">W5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">ylge rěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">lSi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">■de*</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(I came alone•)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">HOW</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:144pt 326pt 15pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on Hos. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">2_3</span><span class="font24"> </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Days</span><span class="font24"> of the veek;</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">xīngqijī?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(vhat day of the veek?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Xīngqīyl</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(Monday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Xīngqīěr</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(Tuesday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Xīngqisan</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(Wednesday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Xlngqīs</span><span class="font32">玄</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(Thursday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Xīngqlvǔ</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(Friday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Xīngqīli^</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(Saturday)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Xīngqltian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(Sunday)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 15pt 114pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Until nov, you b^ve alvays seen JI-, <sup>M</sup>hov many，&quot; at the beginning of a word (jige </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">hfiizi</span><span class="font24">, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jlvěi</span><span class="font24"> xiānsheng, J^Ch|o). In xingqljit </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-Jl</span><span class="font24"> is at the end of the word. In both places, occupies the position of a numter and acts like a number: xingqiJl* ^rtiat number day of the veek?”</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:114pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on No* U</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 27pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The word for &quot;year,” -nlSn&gt; is a &quot;bound word (like the vord for &quot;day,&quot; -tian)« The question word neini&amp;n, &quot;vhich year,” is formed with the &quot;bound vord </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">nSi-</span><span class="font24">» &quot;vhich•”</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 15pt 102pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The year is given as a sequence of digits, so that 1972, YiJigqlěrnifin. would literally be <sup>M</sup>one-nine-seven-two year。&quot; In a sequence of digits, the word ěr (not liSng-) is used for 2, and the vords for 1, T, and 8 keep their &quot;basidigh tones. (See notes on No. 10 for cases in which these tones change.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:102pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Note8 </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">on No*</span><span class="font24"> </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">5 </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Months</span><span class="font24">:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">jīyiiě?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">(what month?)</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Yiyuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">(January)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Qiyuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(July)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Eryuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">(February)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Běyiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">(August)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Sānyiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">(March)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Jiǔyuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(September)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Siyuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">(April)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Shlyīiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(October)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">WSyiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">(May)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Shlylyuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(November)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Liňyuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">(June)</span></p></td><td>
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Shlěryiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(December)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Since the names of the months are formed with numbers, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;hov many,”</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 34pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">is the appropriate question word to use for &quot;vhat month.&quot; </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ji-</span><span class="font24"> is used in Běijlng to ask for a number expected to be around 10 or 11.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 34pt 126pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Notice the tones on the vords for 1, T» and 8, which most Peking speakers pronounce as Rising before Falling-tone words such as </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">yiiě</span><span class="font24">. The syllable -yi- in the vord for &quot;November*” however</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> is usually pronounced with the High tone: Shiyiyiiě• (See the notes on No, 10 for a summary of tone changes.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:126pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font24"> on No, 6</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 34pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Days of the month are expressed by the numter of the day folloved by the bound word </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">-h&amp;o</span><span class="font24">. You will remember that -h|o is also used in giving addresses.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">In asking about days of the month, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;hov many,” is used, even though</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">the question may &quot;be answered by a nuniber as high as 31.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The month and day of the month may &quot;be given together. For example,</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ni shi JJyuě JlhSo shěngde? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What is your month and day of</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 253pt;"><span class="font24">birth?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">W8 shi B&amp;yuě Jiǔhao shěngde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I was &quot;born on August 9.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 13pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ni du$ da le? ”Hov old are you?&quot; literally means &quot;Hov big (in years of age) are^you?^~This is a common 'way to ask a person<sup>f</sup>s age. The question is appropriate for asking the age of a child or a young adult* but the expression is not considered polite enough for asking an older adult his age. (More formal ways to ask a person<sup>1</sup>s age will be introduced on the C-2, P-2, and drill tapes.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The marker le_vhich ends these sentences calls attention to the fact that something is true now that was not true before • * Le has only this nev-situation meaning in these sentences. It has no meaning of completion, since<sub>9</sub> in fact, there is no completed event.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 24pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">One way to reflect the new-situation le^ in the English translation is to add the word &quot;now&quot;: <sup>,f</sup>I<sup>,</sup>m 35 nov•” Essentially, however, ”nev situation&quot; (sometimes called change of state&quot;) is a Chinese grammatical category with no simple English equivalent.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 24pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The marker le for nev situations is alvays found at the end of a sentence and is sometimes called <sup>H</sup>sentence le.<sup>M</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 114pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notice that neither ansver contains a verb. The verb that has been left out is y5u% &quot;to have•” The verb may not be left out in the negative: WS měiyou sānshivu<sub>%</sub> &quot;I’m not 35•&quot;</span></p>
<p style="padding:114pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on Ho. 9</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">-sul: In the traditional Chinese system of giving ages, a person is one -sui old at birth and becomes another -sui old on the New Year<sup>1</sup>s following his &quot;birth. A &quot;baby born the day before New Year<sup>f</sup> s would thus be two -8ui old on the day after his birth. Most Chinese, however, have nov switched to the Western style of computing age and use -sul Just as ve use &quot;years old.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 24pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The word -sui&gt; like the word -h|o, is a &quot;bound word shoving what kind of thing a number is counting.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 13pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">In a date or address you are listing a number and use er for 2, while </span><span class="font23">in giving an age you are counting an amount of something and use liSng: liSngsui, &quot;two years old.&quot;</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The vord dōu is used when &quot;toth&quot; or &quot;all” would probably not *be used in English, namely, when expecting different information about each of the things (or persons) being discussed. <sup>M</sup>A11&quot; tends to &quot;be collective</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> asking or telling about something the members of a group have in common• Dōu can *be distributive, asking or telling something about the members of a group as individuals.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 18pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Yl» gl, bS: In the spoken language of Peking, the &quot;basic High tones of yī, ql<sub>t</sub> and ba usually change to Rising tones before Falling-tone words (such as -hāo, </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">yiiě</span><span class="font24">, and -sut)• This change is most common vhen the complete number given has only one digit• When there are two or more digits, the </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">gl</span><span class="font24"> and *bǎ of numbers ending in 7 and 8 are more likely to have Rising tones than the of niambers ending in 1 (which is usually in the High tone). Compare:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Shlqlhiio &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the 17th</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 0pt 9pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Shiyiyiiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;November</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In all cases, the High tone is more likely to &quot;be kept in rapid speech. You may also encounter speakers who never make changes in the tones of and ]bā.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 18pt 57pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Remember that, in the digit-ty-digit form of giving the year, the numbers 1</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">7，and 8 keep their &quot;basic High tones: </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">YIj</span><span class="font24"> iubāliuntan. 1986</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Note on Additional Required </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Vocabulary</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">DAYS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">qiSntiǎn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">zuStian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">JIntiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">mlngtiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">houtiān</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">YEARS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">qiannian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">qunian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">jīnnian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">mlngniān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">hSunian</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:15pt 31pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In the Chinese system of expressing relative time in terms of days and years, only one pair of terms is not parallel: zu6tiān&gt; &quot;yesterday,” and qunian&gt; &quot;last year•&quot;</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark68"></a><span class="font8">DRILLS</span></p>
<table cellpadding="14pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">A. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> QXngvěn, tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ahl</span><span class="font24"> zai nSr</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 9pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Dězhou (May I ask, where vas he/she born?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;QXngvěn, nl airen shi zii nSr</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 38pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde? Jiāzhōu (May I ask, where was your spouse born?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qīngwěn, tā airen shi zeti nSr</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde? Shltn </span><span class="font32">功</span><span class="font24"> Si (May I ask, where vas his/her spouse bom?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">U. Qingvrěn, nl h&amp;izi shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nSr shěngde? Stchuān (May I ask, where vas your child born?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;^QXngvěn, nlmen nuhaizi shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 38pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ń&amp;r</span><span class="font24"> shěngde? BSiJIng (May I ask, where vas your daughter ^</span><span class="font16">0171</span><span class="font24">?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngvěn, nlmen nanhāizi shi zai</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">n&amp;r shěngde? I^zhou (May I ask, vhere vas your son born?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qlngvěn, Zěng Xiānsheng shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zk±</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">nSr shěngde? Ňiu Yiiē (May I ask, where vas Mr. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Zēng </span><span class="font24">born?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="46%">
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 8pt 45pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You: Ta shi zal Dezhou shěngde. (He/she vas born in Texas.</span></p>
<p style="padding:45pt 8pt 33pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Jiāzhōu shěngde• (He/she was </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">bovn</span><span class="font24"> in California.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 8pt 33pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> ShdhghSl shengde. (He/she was born in ShinghSi.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 8pt 33pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi zcli Sichuan shěngde * (He/she vas born in Stchuǎn.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 8pt 33pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zdi BSijlng shěngde. (She was born in B?iJIng.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi ziLi Mazhōu shěngde •</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 8pt 33pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He was </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">tom</span><span class="font24"> in Massachusetts.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 8pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zeli Nifi Yiiē shěngde. (He vas born in New York.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">B. Substitution Drill</span></p>
<table cellpadding="23pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="46%">
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font24">: Qīngvěn, nl shenme shlhou zou?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 63pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) něitiān (May I ask, when are you leaving?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p><span class="font24">You: Qīngwěn, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">nl</span><span class="font24"> něitiān z5u?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask, what day are you leaving?)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn, nī Jīyiiě zou?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 9pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> nī Jīyiiě</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngvěn, nī Jlhāo</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngvěn, nl nSinian</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn, nī jīhāo z5u?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">3.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 5pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">5.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngven, nl nSinlan zSu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn, nī Jīyiiě Jīhao zou?</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn, nl xīngqlJī z5u?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 9pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngven, ni nSinian z5u? Jīyiiě JīhSo</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 5pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Qingvěn, n£ jīyiiě JlbSo zou? xīngqlJI</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">nSitiān zSu? jīyiiě zSu? Jīhao zou?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p><span class="font24">T. Qīngvěn, nl xīngqījl zou?</span></p>
<table cellpadding="22pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">C. Substitution Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: WSmen Xīngqīyl zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Xlngqlěr (We are leaving on Monday.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">W8men Xīngqlěr zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Xīngqīsān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">WSmen Xīngqīsān zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">XīngqXsi</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 50pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">WSmen Xīngqīsi z§u. xīngqlJI</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">W5men xīngqlJī zSu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Xlngqlvu</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 50pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">WSmen Xlngqlvu z5u. Xīngqītiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 50pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">WSmen Xīngqītiān z5u. Xlngqlliū</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">WSmen Xlngqlliū zou.</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: WSmen XIngqIěr zSu.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(We are leaving on Tuesday.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">WSmen Xīngqīsān z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">WSmen Xingqīsī zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Women xlngtjIJI z5u?</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Women Xlngqlvu zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">W5men Xīngqītiān z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">WSmen Xlngqlliū z5u.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="11pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">D. Response Drill </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Nl haizi shi nSinian</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 26pt 12pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) 1971 (What year was your child born?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Lī</span><span class="font24"> Xiānsheng shi něiniān shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">19</span><span class="font32">认</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nī didi shi nSinlan shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">19^0</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 5pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">U. Něige hiizi shi nSiniān shěngde? 1967</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zheige ninhiizi shi nSinlan</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">shengde? 1968</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige rěn shi něinian shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1927</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font22">了</span><span class="font24">. Tā shi nSini^n shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 60pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1933</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">E. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā shi Jlyuě shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 12pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Eryiiě (What month vas he/she born?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta airen shi jīyiiě shěngde?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 45pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">You; Ta shi YIJiǔqlylnifin shěngde, (He/she was born in 1971.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:45pt 0pt 24pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi Yljiǔststniin shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi YIJ iǔstllngniSn shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Yljiuliiqlnifin shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi YĪJiǔlliibǎni&amp;i shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi YlJiǔěrqlniSn shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 93pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi YXJiǔsansānni&amp;i shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:93pt 0pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā shi Eryuě shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 1pt 36pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she was bom in February.</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Wuyiiě shěngde.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 8pt 9pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">3. Zhǎng Tōngzhi shi Jīyiiě shěngde? Siyiiě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 40pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font24"> Wang Tongzhi shi jiyiiě shěngde? Shiyiyiiě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">5. Nl airen shi Jīyiiě shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 40pt;"><span class="font24">Bāyuě</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Nl gēge shi jīyiiě shěngde? Shiěryiiě</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Siyiiě shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Shiyiyiiě shěngde,</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Bayuě shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Shlěryiiě shěngde.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p><span class="font24">7. Tā měimei shi Jīyiiě shěngde? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi Liōyuě shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Liňyuě</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">F, Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā shi Ylyiiě shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) ylhao (He/she vas born in January.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi Ylyuě shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">shlyīhilo</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi Ylyuě shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">ěrshilidh^o</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 5pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā shi Ylyiiě shěngde. qlhio</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi Ylyiiě shengde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">shlsihilo</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tǎ shi Ylyūě shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">^rshib^iilo</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 5pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Tā 8hi Yiyuě shěngde. shfhāo</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 24pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā shi Ylyiiě ylhSo shěngde. (He/she was *born January first.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Ylyiiě shlyīhio shěngde _</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Ylyuě ěrshiliuhdo shengde &lt;</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Ylyuě </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">qthko</span><span class="font24"> shengde•</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Ylyuě </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">shisihko</span><span class="font24"> shěngde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ shi Ylyiiě ěrshib£h&amp;Lo shengde.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Ylyuě </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">shihko</span><span class="font24"> shěngde•</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 23pt;"><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•</span><span class="font24"> Speaker; Nlmen nShSizi Jlsut le? (cue) 5 (How old is your daughter?)</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 33pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā wttsui le. (She is five.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:33pt 6pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ 8hiyīsui le. Ta shlsānsui le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā qlsuī le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font23">Tā liusut le.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nanhaizi .llsui le? 11</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3</span><span class="font32">-邮</span><span class="font24"> Taitai nuhaizi Jisui le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">13</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font22" style="font-style:italic;">h</span><span class="font23">. fi </span><span class="font22" style="font-style:italic;">(neiwi</span><span class="font23"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;le? T</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">s. Ki ninhaizi Jīsut le? 6</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark100"></a><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">nk</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NX nuhaizi jXsut le? </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta sisui le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 60pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige nanhaizi Jīsui le? 8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā basui le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 0pt 23pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tǎ duo da le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 83pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) 35 (How old is he/she?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nl gēge duo da le? </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">kk</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 5pt;"><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">TS</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Ta</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NX didi duo dS le? 30 U. TS JigJie duo </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āk</span><span class="font24"> le? U7</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NX měimei duo del le? 32</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā iliren duo del le? 28</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Wing Tongzhi du6 dd le? Ul</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="37%">
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā sānshivS le. (He/she is 35.]</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:21pt 36pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">sishisi le. sānshi le. 8i8hiqī le. sanshiěr le. ěrshibā le. sishiyl le«</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">I. Response Drill</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font23">1* Speaker: Nfn muqin duS dā suishu </span><span class="font24">le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) 65 </span><span class="font23">(Kow old is your mother?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">2<sub>e</sub> Nln fuqin duo da suishu le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><a name="bookmark101"></a><span class="font24">6 </span><span class="font32">了</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3. Ta jiejie du6 da suishu le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1*6</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 5pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā gēge du6 da suishu le? </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">kh</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhāng Xiānsheng duo da suishu le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24"> 2</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Taitai duo da suishu le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">59</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="37%">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">You</span><span class="font33">：</span><span class="font23"> Ta liūshiwusui le. </span><span class="font24">(She is </span><span class="font16">65</span><span class="font24">.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:33pt 31pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā liu^hiqlsut le. Tā sishiliusui le. Tā sishisisui le, Tā qīshiěrsut le. Tā wǔshiJiǔsui le.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 51pt 57pt 29pt;"><span class="font24">7. ^ng Tāitai měimei du6 da suishu Tā wushibasui le. le? 58</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">J. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Substitute shangge yiiě, <sup>f</sup>’last month&quot; (May), zhěige yuě<sub>%</sub> ’’this month”</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 15pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(Jxine), or xi&amp;ge yuěT </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">next</span><span class="font24"> month<sup>11</sup> (July)，according to the month mentioned in the speaker's sentence.</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Tā shi Wuyiiě liide.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she came in May.)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">You:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Ou. Tā shi shangge yiiě laide. (Oh, He/she came last month.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Qlytiě lāi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Ou.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā xilLge yuě lāi*</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is coming in July.)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(Oh.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">He/she is coining next month.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Liiiyiie lai.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Ou.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhěige yuě lai.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is coming in June.)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(Oh.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">He/she is coming this month.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">li.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Liuyiiě lāide.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Ou.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zhěige yuě laide.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Qlyuě z5u.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Ou.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Ta xiāge yiiě z5u.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6,</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Vuyiiě daode.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Ou.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi shangge yiiě daode.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font22">•T</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">TS shi LitJyūě z5ude.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Ou.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zhěige yiiě zSude.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">K. Transformation Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Each of the speaker<sup>f</sup>s statements is the answer to a question. After </span><span class="font21">：</span><span class="font23">ve?*ring </span><span class="font24">each ansver, ask the question which could have prompted the response</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">i. Speaker: Tā shi YIJifisānwQnian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Tā shi nSiniin shěngde?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 89pt;"><span class="font24">shěngde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(What year vas he/she born?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 15pt 9pt 89pt;"><span class="font24">He/she vas born in 1935.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">)T5. shi Siyuě laide. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi Jlyuě lāide?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">vH^/she came in April.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(What month did he/she come?)</span></p>
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<tr>
<td valign="top" width="42%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi Xlngqlvu zSude. vr^/she left on Friday.)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="57%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shi xīngqlJi zoude?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">(What day of the week did he/she leave?)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;"><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-9.png" style="width:297pt;height:261pt;"/></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 43pt 0pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark102"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 6 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Topic8 Covered in This Unit</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Duration phrases•</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The marker Le for completion.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The ”double </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">le&quot;</span><span class="font24"> construction.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. The marker -guo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Action verts•</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;State verts.</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Materials</span><span class="font24"> You Will </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Need</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1* The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The 6D-1 tape.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 14pt 24pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark70"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">(in</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Taipei)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl zhu duo Jiǔ?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">How long are you staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zhū ytni&amp;i.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">I'm staying one year.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl taitai zhu duo Jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Hov long is your wife staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhu liSngtiān.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">She is staying two days.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nī taitai </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> XiānggSng zh\l du6 Jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">How long is your vife stewing in Hong Kong?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">WS xiSng tā zhii liSngtiān.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">I think she is staying two days.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">U.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl xiSng zhti duo JiS?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Hov long are you thinking of staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">W8 xiSng </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zb^L</span><span class="font24"> ytnian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>1</sup>® thinking of staying one year.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font32">坑</span><span class="font24"> xiSng zsLl TiivSn zhtl du6 Jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Hov long are you thinking of staying in Taiwan?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">WS xiSng zhū bage yiiě.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">I'm thinking of staying eight months•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">6<a name="footnote8"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark103">8</a></sup></span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl pěngyou xiSng zhu duo Jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">How long is your friend thinking of staying?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Bi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā xiSng zhu liSngge xīngql.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">He is thinking of staying two veeks•</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">7<sub>a</sub></span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">NI iSile du6 Jiu le?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Hov long have you been here?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">W5 liile 8antian le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">I have 'been here three days.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">8.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nī teLitai </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Xianggang zhūle du6 jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">How long did your wife stay in Hong Kong?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhdle liSngtian,</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">She stayed two days.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Did he come?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Lai le, tā lai le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, he came.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">10.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai le ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Did he come?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Měi lai, tā měi lāi•</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">No, he didn<sup>f</sup>t come.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">11.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Nl congqian laiguo ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">Have you ever been here before?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Wo congqian měi laiguo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">I have never &quot;been here before.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:0pt 119pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qū &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 81pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">13, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Niu Yuě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nev York</span></p>
<p style="padding:81pt 0pt 24pt 178pt;"><a name="bookmark16"></a><span class="font8">VOCABULARY</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 70pt;"><span class="font24">congqiSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;before</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 70pt;"><span class="font24">du6 jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;how long</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 70pt;"><span class="font24">-guo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(experiential marker)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 70pt;"><span class="font24">Niu Yūē &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;New York</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 70pt;"><span class="font24">qō &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to go</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">xiSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to think that<sub>9</sub> to want to</span><span class="font32">；</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 251pt;"><span class="font24">would like to</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 70pt;"><span class="font24">Xiangg&amp;ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hong Kong</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 70pt;"><span class="font24">xīngql &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;veek</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 251pt;"><span class="font24">to live somewhere</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 84pt 8pt;"><a name="bookmark45"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
<p style="padding:84pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font24"> on No, 1</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:20pt;padding:12pt 21pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Expressions like duōjiu, &quot;hov long,” and yini&amp;n&gt; &quot;one year,” called duration phrases, come after the vert.* Notice the contrast vith time-when phrases, like shěnme shlhou, ’’when,&quot; and .1 inni£n&gt; ”this year,” vhict come &quot;before the verb.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">NX</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">shěnme shlhou</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">zSu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">(When are you leaving?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">NI</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">zhii</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">du6 jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">(Hov long are you staying?)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:20pt;padding:24pt 21pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">If a duration phrase is used with the verb zhň, this phrase preempts the position after the vert; and any place phrase, like zSi </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">BSiJIng</span><span class="font24">, must come before the vert.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">W5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">zhū</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">zai BSijīng.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(I,m living in Běijlng.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Ni</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Běijīng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">du6 Jiu?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(Hov long are you staying in Beijing?)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:20pt;padding:24pt 21pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Yiniňn: In telling how many years (giving an amount) no counter is used'~The tone on </span><span class="font32">这，</span><span class="font24">&quot;one,&quot; changes to Falling before a Rising tone.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">LiSngtiān: -tiān, &quot;day，&quot; like -ni|n, &quot;year，” is used vithout a counter. When telling how many of something, the number 2 takes the form liang.*</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 171pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(See Unit 3</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> notes on Nos. 3-</span><span class="font32">总•）</span></p>
<p style="padding:171pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font24"> on Nos. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">3」*</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 3pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">The verb </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiSng</span><span class="font24">, &quot;to think that，” ”to want to<sub>9</sub>&quot; &quot;vould like to，” may be used as a main verb or as an auxiliary verb. As a main vert it means &quot;to think that.<sup>,f</sup> It is used this vay in the answer of exchange 3 and in the following examples.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">W8 xiǎng tā mlngtiān iSi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think he is coining tomorrow.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">W5 xiǎng tā &quot;bti qū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I think he is not going.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 12pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">When xiSng is used as a main vert meaning &quot;to think that,” it is not made negative. This may be a special problem for English speakers who are used to saying &quot;I don't think he is going.” In Chinese, it is <sup>H</sup>I think he is not going/<sup>1</sup> W5 xiSng tā &quot;bň </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">qn.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 3pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">When xiSng is used as an auxiliary verb，it means <sup>,f</sup>to want to,&quot; &quot;vould like to•” It is used this vay in exchange U, which could also *be translated as <sup>,f</sup>How long vould you like to stay?” Here are other examples:</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">A: Nī xiǎng zou ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would you like to leave? OR</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 254pt;"><span class="font24">Do you want to go?</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">B: Wo bu xiang zSu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I don<sup>r</sup>t want to leave.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 0pt 54pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Ni xiSng zai Taibei gōngzud ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you want to work in Taipei?</span></p>
<p style="padding:54pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">*”One day&quot; is yitiān. The tone on jri_ changes to Falling &quot;before a High -tone.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 49pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">You already knov that ylniSn and yttiǎn are used without counters. The words for *<sup>f</sup>month<sup>M</sup> and week,&quot; however, are used with counters• Compare:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">sǎntiān</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(three days)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">sānnian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(three years)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">sānge xīngql</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(three veeks)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">sǎnge yiiě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(three months)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:108pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Note3 on No, </span><span class="font32" style="text-decoration:underline;">了</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 11pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">le…le</span><span class="font24">, &quot;up until nov,” <sup>,f</sup>so far</span><span class="font32">”：</span><span class="font24"> The use of conqpleted-action le after the verb and of new-situation le after the duration phrase telīi&quot; you how long the activity has been going on and that it is still going on. The ansver could also have &quot;been translated <sup>tf</sup>I have been here three days so far •” This pattern is sometimes called &quot;double le^.&quot;</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 11pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notice that when ig is in the middle of a sentence (in this case</span><span class="font32">， </span><span class="font24">because it is followed by a duration phrase), ve write it attached to the verb before it: laile duo .Hu le</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 17pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Completion le; Here you see the marker le used to indicate one aspect, completion. Compare a sentence vith one le to a sentence with tvo le_<sup>f</sup>s:</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zai nar zhule sǎntiān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I stayed there three days.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zai zhěr zhule sǎntiān le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have been here (stayed here) for</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 245pt;"><span class="font24">three days nov (so far).</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 28pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Completion le is used with verbs that describe actions or processes, not vith verbs that describe a state or condition, or a continuing situation. The following sentences, describing states or ongoing situations, have past-tense verts in English but no in Chinese.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Něige shlhou tāmen zhi ySu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At that time they had only two</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">liSngge hāizi_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;children.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā quniān bu zai Shanghai, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He vasn<sup>T</sup>t in ShSnghāi last year;</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">zsli BSiJIng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;he vas in Běijlng.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 17pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Verb types in Chinese: In studying some languages, it is important to learn vhether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. In Chinese, it is important to learn whether a verb is an action, state, or process verb. These three vert categories are meaning (semantic) groups• A verb is a member of one group or another depending on the meaning of the vert. For instance, &quot;running” and &quot;dancing&quot; are actions; ^being good” and &quot;being beautiful<sup>11</sup> are states; and <sup>M</sup>getting sick&quot; and ^melting<sup>11</sup> are processes • In Chinese, grammatical rules are applied differently to each semantic verb category. For the most part, you have learned only action and state verbs </span><span class="font23">in this course; so these comments vill be confined to those tvo verb </span><span class="font24">categories. (See Unit 8 of this module for process verts,)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 17pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Action verbs: These are verbs vhich describe physical and mental activities. The easiest to classify are verbs of movement such as &quot;walking,&quot; &quot;running,” and &quot;riding</span><span class="font32">*’；</span><span class="font24"> however, action verbs also include </span><span class="font23">verbs with not too much motion, such as &quot;vorking” and ”writing,’’ and verbs </span><span class="font24">with no apparent motion, such as &quot;studying.&quot; One test for determining if a verb is an action is asking ”What did he do?” &quot;He arrived,” ”He spoke,&quot; and ’’He listened” are answers which contain action verbs. ”He knew/<sup>1</sup> ”He wanted/* and &quot;He is here&quot; are answers which contain state ver*bs, not action verbs. Some of the action verbs you have learned are:</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">dao (to arrive) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lSi (to come)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">gōngzuo (to work) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhu (to live, to stay)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:34pt;padding:0pt 21pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">State verbs: These verbs describe qualities</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> conditions, and states. All adjectival verbs, &amp;uch as hǎo<sub>9</sub> <sup>M</sup>to be good，’’ and </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiǔ</span><span class="font24">, &quot;to be long (in time),&quot; are state verts. Emotions, such as <sup>fl</sup>being happy” and &quot;being sad,” are expressed with state verts. &quot;Knowing,<sup>w</sup> &quot;liking,” &quot;wanting,” and &quot;understanding,&quot; which may be called* mental states, are also expressed with state verbs. Also, all auxiliary verbs, such as xlSng^ <sup>,f</sup>to want to,&quot;</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">&quot;would like to,&quot; are state verbs. Here are some of the state verbs:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:34pt;padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">dS (to be large) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shi (to be) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:34pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">dui (to be correct) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ji&amp;o (to be called)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:34pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">xing (to be surnamed) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;z5i (to </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">te</span><span class="font24"> at)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:34pt;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">xiSng (to want to) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zhīdao (to know)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:34pt;padding:9pt 21pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Aspect </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">and</span><span class="font24"> verb types</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Not every aspect marker in Chinese may be used with all type8 of verbs. Completion le does not occur with state verbs•</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">It does occur with action verts.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">ACTION Tā yijīng </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āko</span><span class="font24"> le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has already arrived.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">Tā gōngzudle yiniān. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He worked one year,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ lai le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did he come?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">STATE Tā qunian bu zai zhěr. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He wasn’t here last year*</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Ta zuotiān xiSng qu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yesterday he wanted to go.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 150pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zu6tlān bxi zhīdao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He didn<sup>ta</sup>t knov yesterday.</span></p>
<p style="padding:150pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes</span><span class="font24"> on </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nos. 9-10</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:34pt;padding:9pt 21pt 21pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Compare the two possible interpretations of the question Tā </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">ill</span><span class="font24"> le ma? and the ansvers they receive</span><span class="font32">：</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:34pt;padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Completion le</span></p>
<table>
<tr><td>
<p><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Combined</span><span class="font24"> le</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">le</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">(Has she come?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">(She has come, OR She<sup>f</sup>s here.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">hai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">lāi.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">(She hasn<sup>f</sup>t come yet.)</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:15pt 20pt 114pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The first question, with completion ie, asks only if the action took place. The second question, with combined le. asks both whether the action has been completed and whether the resulting new situation still exists.</span></p>
<p style="padding:114pt 0pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on No. 11</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:15pt 10pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The aspect marker -guo means literally ”to pass over,&quot; &quot;to cross over. The implication is that an event took place and then ceased at some time in the past.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">It may help you to conceptualize -guo in terms of a bridge. The whole &quot;bridge is the event. The marker -guo stresses the fact that not only have you crossed over the bridge but at present you are no longer standing on it.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The meaning of -guo changes slightly depending on what type of verb it is used with: action or process, (-guo may not &quot;be used with state verts.) With an action verb, -guo means that the action took place and then ceased at some time before the present. With a process vert, -guo means that the process took place and that the state which resulted from the process ended at some time before the present.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 20pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Remember that aspect markers like Le and -guo are used only when the speaker feels it necessary to stress some feature or aspect of an event.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Le is used to stress finishing, or completion, -guo is used to stress that a situation occurred in the past and vas &quot;over or &quot;undone,’ before the time of speaking (that is, the absence of that situation followed the situation).</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 20pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Let's contrast -guo vith completion le_: Both le^ and -</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">guo</span><span class="font24"> express completion, tut -guo stresses that an action is no longer being performed, or that a state resulting from a process no longer exists. For example,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai le means ’’He came’，or &quot;He has come,<sup>n</sup> not indicating vhether or not he is still there. But Tā laiguo means ”He came&quot; with the specification that he is not there anymore--that is, he came and left.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 12pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">One of the uses of the aspect marker -guo,is in sentences which express experience or having * experienced something at least once in the past, that is, <sup>ff</sup>to have had the experience of doing something.<sup>11</sup> This is hov -guo is used in exchange 11. In a question, the marker -guo can </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">he</span><span class="font24"> reflected *by the English word <sup>,f</sup>ever,<sup>11</sup> and in a negative statement by &quot;never.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">NI</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">c6ngq.iin</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">-guo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(Have you ever been [come] here before?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">WS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">congqian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">lSi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">-guo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(I have never been [come] here &quot;before.)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">WS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">congqian</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">-guo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(I have &quot;been [come] here before•)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:27pt 12pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The negative of Ta lai le does not include a le, but the negative of Tā laiguo does have a -guo* The negative adverb m?i is used to negate both completion le and -guo*</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">le.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4">
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">-guo.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">měi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">lai</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">-guo.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p><a name="bookmark104"></a><span class="font8">DRILLS</span></p>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">A. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Zhāng Xiānsheng </span><span class="font16">2</span><span class="font24">hu duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">Jiu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font32">、</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) ylge yiie (How long is Mr. Zhāng staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang XiaoJiS zhii du6 Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">liSngge xīngql (How long is Miss Wāng staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hū Taitai zhū duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">sānge yuě (How long is Mrs. Hu staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Tā zhū duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">sīge xīngql (Hov long is he/she staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5* Tā taitai zhū duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">liSngge xīngql (Hov long is his wife staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Li Xi&amp;ojiS zhu duo jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">wfige yuě (Hov long is Miss </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Ll</span><span class="font24"> staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiānsheng zhū duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 31pt;"><span class="font24">liuge xīngql (Hov long is her husband staying?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 8pt 33pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You: Zhāng Xiānsheng zhū yfge yiiě. (Mr. Zhāng is staying one month•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 8pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Vang XiaojiS zhu liangge xīngql. (Miss Wang is staying tvo veeks.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Hu Taitai zhu sānge yuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(Mrs. Hu is staying three months.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhū sige xīngql.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is staying four veeks.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 8pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā taitai zhu liSngge </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xīngql</span><span class="font24">• (His wife is staying two weeks.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Lī Xiaojie zhū wuge yiiě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(Miss Li! is staying five months.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā xiānsheng zhu liuge xīngql.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(Her hus*band is staying six veeks.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="14pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">B. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Zhāng Tongzhi zhu duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) sāntiān (How long is Comrade Zhāng staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā mǔqin zhu duo jiu? yinian</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā fuqin zhu duo jiu? vutiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 5pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Wajig Tongzhi zhu duo Jiǔ? bātiān</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="46%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 2pt 33pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You: Zhāng Tongzht zhu sāntiān. (Comrade Zhāng is staying three days.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:33pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Tā mǔqin zhu yinian*</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 41pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā fuqin zhu vutiān. Wang Tongzhi zhū bātiān.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">VH</span><span class="font24"> ji5jie zhū duo Jiu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W5 Ji?Jie zh^ liSngnian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">liSngnian</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hū T6ngzhi zhū du6 Jiu? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hū Tongzhi zhū </span><span class="font23">sttian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">8itiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font32">了，</span><span class="font24"> Tā zhti duo Jiu? sānnian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zh\i</span><span class="font24"> sānni&amp;n.</span></p>
<table cellpadding="17pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">C. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Ta muqin zhii du6 Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 9pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) liSngge yiiě (How long is his/her mother staying?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2* Tā měimei zhū duo Jiu? ylge xīngql</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3. Zhāng Taitai zhii du6 Jiu? JiutiSn</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><a name="bookmark105"></a><span class="font24">U. Ta gēge zhvl du6 JiS? sige xIngq.X.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">5- Wang Xiānsheng zhii dud Jiu? ylge yuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">iiii</span><span class="font24"> zhu du6 Ji3?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">yinian</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā jiSjie </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zhu</span><span class="font24"> duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">shitiān</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 4pt 21pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">You: TS muqin zhū liSngge yuě. (His/her mother is staying </span><span class="font23">two months•)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ měimei zhū ylge xīngql.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Zhǎng Tiitai zhd JiStiān*</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Tā gēge zhu sige xingqī.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Xiānsheng zhū yfge yuě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">āiāi</span><span class="font24"> zhu ytnian.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Ta jiSjie zhu shftiān.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">D. Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">You: Zhāng Taitaide gēge zāi Xianggang zhu duo Jiu? (Hov long is Mrs. Zhang's older &quot;brother staying in Hong Kong?)</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 46pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Zhāng Taitaide gēge zhū duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Xianggang (How long is Mrs. Zhāng<sup>1</sup>s older brother staying?)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">2. Jiāng Xiānshengde didi zhu du6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiāng Xiānshengde didi zěi</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">Jiu? Guangzhou &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GuSngzhou zh5 duo Jiu?</span></p>
<table cellpadding="8pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 10pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3. Zēng XiǎoJi?de měimei zhu duo Jiu? Zhōngguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 10pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">U, Chěn Tongzhtde JiSjie zbū duo jiu? ShanghSi</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Qian T6ngzhide airen zhū duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font23">Jiǔ? MSiguS</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><a name="bookmark106"></a><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cao XiaoJi§de fuqin zhū duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">jiǔ? QīngdSo</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 10pt 57pt 36pt;"><span class="font32">了，</span><span class="font24"> Xia Xiānshengde mǔqin zhu duo Jiu? BSiJIng</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">E. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transformation Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā zh\i Jltiān?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 10pt 12pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(How many days is he/ she staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hu Xiānsheng zh^ Jige yuě?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Taitai zhu Jige xīngql?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font32">炫</span><span class="font24">.Tā xiānsheng zhu JlniSn?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhōu XiSoJiS zhū Jige yiiě?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W5 fūqin zhň Jīge xīngql?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 45pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā měimei zhu jltiān?</span></p>
<p style="padding:45pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">F. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā zhu ylge xīngql.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 10pt 12pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is staying one week,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhu liSngniān*</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3- Tǎ zhū sānge yiiě,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h</span><span class="font24"> . Ta zh'1 liSngge xīngqī.</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Zēng XiaoJiSde měimei zai Zhōngguo zhū duo Jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn Tongzhide Jiejie zai Shanghai zhu du6 Jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Qian TSngzhīde airen </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> MSiguo zhu duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Cāo XiaoJi§de fuqin zai QIngdSo zhu duo Jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 78pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Xia Xiānshengde mǔqin zai BSiJIng zhti duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:78pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā xiang zhu Jltiān?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(Hov many days is he/she planning on staying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">Hū Xiānsheng xiang zhū Jīge yiiě?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Taitai xiSng zhū Jige xīngql?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">Ta xiānsheng xiSng zhu JlniSn?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">Zhou XiaoJiS xiang zhii jīge yiiě?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">W5 fňqin xiǎng zhu jīge xīngql?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 69pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">Tā měimei xiǎng zhu Jltian?</span></p>
<p style="padding:69pt 3pt 9pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">You: W5 xiǎng tā zhxl ylge xīngql. (I think he/she is staying one veek.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">W5 xiSng tā zhu liSngnian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">Wo xi&amp;ng tā zhu sānge yuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">Wo xiǎng tā zhxi liangge xīngql.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="8pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">G. Transformation Drill</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhii</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">qītiān.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">W5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiang</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhū</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">qltiān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">sini&amp;i.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">W5</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiang</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">stnian.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">li^ge yuě.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">WS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiSng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">liuge yuě</span></p></td></tr>
</table></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Ta zh\i ylge xīngql.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 12pt 83pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is staying one veek.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;MS. Tongzht zhu ytnian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">(Comrade M5 is staying one year,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wing Těngzht zhu sige yuě-</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">(Comrade Wang is staying four months•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. Zēng T$ngzht zhū vutiān.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">(Comrade Zēng is staying five days,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. W5 zhu liSngge xīngql*</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">(I am staying tvo veeks.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6* Tā hāizi zhu liutiān.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her child is staying six days.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">TS měimei zhu liangnian*</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her younger sister is staying tvo years.)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">You</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Tā zhule ylge xīngqī.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she stayed one veek.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Ma Tongzhi zhule yinian.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(Comrade stayed one year.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 7pt 21pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Wang T6ngzhī zhule sige y\lě. (Comrade Wang stayed four months.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 7pt 21pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Zēng Tongzht zhule vfitiān* (Comrade Zēng stayed five days.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">W8 zhiile liSngge xīngql.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(I stayed tvo weeks,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā haizi zhr.le liutiān.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 21pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her child 3tayed six days.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Ta měimei zhule liSngnlin.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(His/her younger sister stayed tvo yrars.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">H, Transformation Drill</span></p>
<table cellpadding="11pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Ta zhule sāntiān.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 83pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she stayed three days.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo zhule ylge xīngqī.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 25pt;"><span class="font24">(I stayed one week.)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font24">: Tā zhule sāntiān le,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she has stayed three days.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 67pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Wo zhule yige xīngql le. (I have stayed one veek.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="13pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 23pt 9pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">3. Tā f^qin zhule liǎngge yuě. (His/her father stayed two months</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">•)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 23pt 9pt 28pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h.</span><span class="font24"> Tā JiSjie zhule shlyltiān. (His/her older sister stayed eleven days.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 23pt 9pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">5- Wang Xiānsheng zhule yinian. (Mr. Wing stayed one year.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">6. Wing Tāitai zhiile sānge xīngqī. (Mrs. Wāng stayed three veeks.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">T. H(x XiSoJiS zhūle qltiān.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 23pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(Miss Hū stayed seven days.)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 27pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā fuqin zhule liSngge yiiě le. (His/her father has stayed two months•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā JiSjie zhule shlyltiān le. (His/her older sister has stayed eleven days.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Xiānsheng zhule </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">yinian</span><span class="font24"> le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(Mr. Wang has stayed one year.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Taitai zhule sānge xīngql le. (Mrs. Wang has stayed three veeks.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Hu XiSoJiS zhule qītiān le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(Miss Hfi has stayed seven days.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">I. Trans format ion Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Respond by adding xiSng </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhň</span><span class="font24">, zhule, each statement, according to the cue.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">or zhule + duration phrase + le to</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<table cellpadding="14pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="38%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhū yitiān.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 42pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:42pt 11pt 42pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">OR</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:42pt 11pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">OR</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-indent:7pt;padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) hai měi lai (HeTihe is staying one day.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ zhū yitiān.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:7pt;padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">yījlng zSu le (He/she is staying one day.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ zhū yttian.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:7pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">hai zili zhěr (He/she is staying one day.)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="61%">
<p><span class="font24">You: Tā xiǎng zhu yitiān.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 15pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is planning on staying one day.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhtlle yitiān.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 30pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she stayed one day.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:30pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhūle yitiān le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she has stayed one day.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="14pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhū liSngge xīngql.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">yījlng z5u le (He/she is staying two veeks•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 4pt 21pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhu sāntiān. hai měi lai (He/she is staying three days.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 4pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhū yinian. hai zai zhěr (He/she is staying one year.</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 21pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhdle liSngge xīngqī. (He/she stayed two veeks.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā xiang zhti sāntiān.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 9pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is planning on staying three days.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zh\ile yinian le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she has stayed one year.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhu wfige xīngqī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zhūle wǔge xīngql.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">yījlng zou le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He/she stayed five weeks.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is staying five veeks.)</span></p>
<table cellpadding="13pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">J. Trans format ion Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Ta Xīngqīyl lSi,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">Xīngqīsān z5u.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 12pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is coining on Monday, leaving on Wednesday.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā ylyiiě lāi, Siyuě z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā Wuyiiě lāi, Qlyuě z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Tā ylhāo lai, liuhao z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā Liiiyuě lai, Shlyiiě z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā YIJiǔqllixinian lai,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Yljiuqībānian zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā Xlngqlwu lai, xiāge Xīngqīyl</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">zSu.</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Ta xiSng zh\l liSngtiān.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is planning on staying two days.)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiang</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhū</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">sānge yiiě.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiǎng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">liSngge yūě</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiSng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">vutiān.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiSng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhu</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">stge</span><span class="font24"> yuě.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiSng</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhū</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">llSngniin.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">xiang</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">zhū</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">sāntiān.</span></p></td></tr>
</table></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">K. Trans format ion Drill</span></p>
<table cellpadding="9pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="55%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā shi ěrhāo laide»</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">sihāo zSude.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 12pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she came on the second, left on the </span><span class="font23">foiirth.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi Yljiuqlylniān laide,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">YIJiǔqīsiniān zSude.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">3- Tā shi Sānyuě lSlde，Wuyiiě zSude,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 2pt 0pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā shi XIngqIěr lāide, XIngqīliu zoude.</span></p></td>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā zhule liSngtiān.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 48pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she stayed two days.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:48pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhūle sanniān.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 36pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhule liǎngge yiiě, Tā zhule sltian.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">5. Tā shi Jiǔhao laide, Shfyīhao zoude.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhule liǎngtiān.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 24pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zuotiān laide, jīntiān zSude.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 11pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi shangge yuě sānshiylhao laide, zhěige yuě wuhāo </span><span class="font16">2</span><span class="font24">Sude.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zhule yītiān. Tā zhule vutiān.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">7.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
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<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">L. Transformation Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā mlngtiān bū lai.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 12pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) zu6tiān (He/she isn’t coming tomorrow.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hdutiān &quot;bū. zSu. qiantiān</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tǎ mlngniān bu 111. qunian</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. Ta </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xikge</span><span class="font24"> yuě tu z5.u. shangge yuě</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiige xīngqī *bū </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">iii.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">shdngge xīngqī</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hdianlān bū lai. qiannian </span><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Ta jīntiān bxi zSu. Jīntiān</span></p></td>
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<p><span class="font24">You: Tā zuotian měi lai.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she didn’t come yesterday.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">TS qiantiān měi zSu.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā quniěn měi l&amp;i.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Ta shāngge yiiě měi zou.</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">Tā shlbigge xīngqī měi lāi.</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">TS qiazinian mei lai.</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">Tā JIntiān měi z5u.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">M. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker; Ta Ifii le ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font24">(Did he/she come?)</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">been here?)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā Iliren lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā mǔqin lāi le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">U.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hti Tongzhi ill le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā didi lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wang Dānlān lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zhao T6ngzhi lai le ma?</span></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">You: Ta laiguo ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she ever</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta Siren lāiguo ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta muqin laiguo na?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Hu Tongzhi laiguo ma? Ta didi lSiguo ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Danian laiguo ma? Zhao Tongzhi laiguo ma?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Wāng XiSojiS ill le ma? (Did Miss Wfing come?)</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Give a negative response to each question.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Lin Xiānsheng l&amp;i le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Liu Taitai lai le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta lāi le ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Huing Xiānsheng l£i le ©a?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn XiSoJiS lai le zna?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Sun TSital l£i le ma?</span></p></td>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Wang XiǎojiS měi lai.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font24">(Miss Wang didn*t come.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Lin Xiānsheng l&amp;i.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Liu TSitai měi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">l&amp;i.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā měi iSi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Huang Xiānsheng měi lāi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn XiSoJiS mSi l&amp;l.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Sun Tditai měi 1</span><span class="font32">基</span><span class="font24">i.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">0. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 6pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Give a negative response to each</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker; Ta lěiguo ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 12pt 83pt;"><span class="font24">(Has he/she ever been here?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā airen liiguo ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nlnhāizi laiguo ma?</span></p></td>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">question•</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā měi lāiguo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she has never </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">teen</span><span class="font24"> here.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 12pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Tā airen měi laiguo</span><span class="font32">。</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"><span class="font24">Tā nanhaisi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">měi</span><span class="font24"> laiguo.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">u.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen haizi dōu lāiguo ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Tāmen haisi dou měi lāiguo.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā cltdi laiguo ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Tā didi měi laiguo.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Ta jiSjie laiguo ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Tā JiSjie měi laiguo.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Ta nniqin lāiguo ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Ta muqin měi laiguo.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 44pt 0pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark107"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 7 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Topics Covered In This Unit</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where someone works.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where and vhat someone has studied.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What languages someone can speak.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Auxiliary verbs.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. General objects.</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Materials You Will Need</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-l and P-l tapes, the Reference List and Reference Notes,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The TD-1 tape.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 24pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark19"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">(in</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Taipei)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">1.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nln zai nāli gōngzuo?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Where do you work?</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zai MSiguo Gu6wi5yuan gōngzuo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">I vork with the State Department.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">2.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nln </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> nali gōngzuō?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Where do you work?</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B</span><span class="font32">：</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">W5 shi xuěsheng.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">rm a student.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nln lai zuō shěnme?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">What did you come here to do?</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">W5 </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">l&amp;i</span><span class="font24"> niiLn shū.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">I came here to study.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Ou, w5 yS shi xiiěsheng.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Oh, I<sup>f</sup>m a student too.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Qlngvěn, nl nitn shěnme?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">May I ask, what are you studying?</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">W5 nidn llshī.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">studying history.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Kē Xiānsheng, nī niin shěnme?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">What are you studying, Mr. Cook?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">W5 </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> zhěli xuě Zhōngwěn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ī^m</span><span class="font24"> studying Chinese here.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">6.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn, nl xiiiguo Yīngwěn ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">May I ask, have you ever studied English?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Xuěguo.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Yes.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">T.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn, nl hui shuō YIngwěn ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">May I ask, can you speak English?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">W5 hui shu5 yidian.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">I can speak a little.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">8.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl tSitai yS hui shuō Zhōngguo huā ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Can your wife speak Chinese too?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Bu hui, tā bu hui shuō.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">No, she can<sup>?</sup>t.</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">9.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nīde Zhōngguo huā h§n hao.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Your Chinese is very good.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nali, nali. Wo Jiu hui shuō ytdiSn.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Not at all, not at all. I can speak only a little.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">10.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi zai nali xuěde?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Where did you study it?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Wo shi zai Huāshěngdun xuěde.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">I studied it in Washington.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">11.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">B:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Nl shi zai dāxūě xiiěde Yīngwěn ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Did you study English at college?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">A:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 17pt 0pt 20pt;"><span class="font24">Shide, wo shi zai Taiwan Daxiiě xuěde Yingwen.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 22pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, I studied English at Taiwan University.</span></p></td></tr>
</table><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:vertical-ideographic;">
<p><span class="font23">BIPUnit</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:vertical-ideographic;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">ADOITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on ell §&lt;J </span><span class="font21">匁</span><span class="font23">II -tapes)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19">12</span><span class="font11">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jlngjixiiě</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wivěn lrvěnxiiě</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">15 • NllA/ngzllixiiě </span><span class="font19">16</span><span class="font11">* nin </span><span class="font23">IT. r6ngyi </span><span class="font19">18</span><span class="font11">- xūěxl (</span><span class="font31">岛</span><span class="font11">gxH</span><span class="font11" style="layout-flow:horizontal;">*</span><span class="font11">)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:vertical-ideographic;">
<p><span class="font23">economicw</span></p>
<p><span class="font11">J*8bpan(</span><span class="font19" style="layout-flow:horizontal;">0</span><span class="font11">s6 langup&gt;g6</span></p>
<p><span class="font23">li*terpture</span></p>
<p><span class="font23">polic+ical science</span></p>
<p><span class="font23">to be difficult:</span></p>
<p><span class="font23">c+o be easy</span></p>
<p><span class="font23">to study,c+o Mearn (PRC)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font23">vo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Co</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark26"></a><span class="font8">VOCABULARY</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">m K.</span><span class="font22"> •• </span><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">^</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">daxue</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">hua</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Huāshěngdun</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">hui</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 54pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">JlngJixuě lishi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Měiguo GuSwuyuān nan</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">nieLn (shū)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Rīwěn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">rSngyi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">shuō (hua)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">wěnxuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">xuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">xū</span><span class="font32">各</span><span class="font24">shēng (xuěsheng) xūexl (xuexi)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">yidiān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Yingwen</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">zhengzhixuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngwěn</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="55%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">sud university</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">language, words</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Washington</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to know how to, can</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">economics</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">history</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U.S. Department of State</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to *be difficult to study &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Japanese language to be easy</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to speak, to talk</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">literature</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to study student</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to study, to learn (PRC)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">a little English</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">political science</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chinese</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to do</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="text-align:justify;"><span class="font24">(introduced on </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">C-2 and</span><span class="font24"> P-2 shenme dlfang</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="42%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 15pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">tapes)</span></p>
<p style="padding:15pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">where, what place</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 132pt 165pt;"><a name="bookmark51"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
<p style="padding:132pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Note on Nos* </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">1*2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 162pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Zai MSiguo Guov^jyuSn gōngzuo means either &quot;vork at the State Department” (i.e., at main State in Washington, D,C.) or <sup>!,</sup>work in the organisation of the State Department<sup>u</sup> (no matter where assigned). Here the expression is translated loosely as ”vork with the State Department,” meaning ”in the organization.</span></p>
<p style="padding:162pt 0pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on Nos* 3-^</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Purpose: When lai, &quot;to come, is followed by another verb, the second verb expresses the purpose of the subject *s coming. The &quot;purpose of coming&quot; may be emphasized by the shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">. &quot;de</span><span class="font24"> construction, with the marker shi before the verb lai: Wo shi lai nian shūde<sub>t</sub> ”1 </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">came</span><span class="font24"> to study.<sup>11</sup></span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Nian shū: Nian &quot;by itself means &quot;to read aloud,<sup>?t</sup> When followed by an object, the expression means ”to study -<sup>,f</sup> Shū is <sup>?,</sup>*book(s),<sup>,f</sup> &quot;but nian shū simply means，’to study.<sup>tf</sup> Shū is used as a general object, standing for whatever is &quot;being studied.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Nian lishi: When you are talking about studying a particular subject, nian is followed *by the name of that subject rather than by the general object </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">shū</span><span class="font24">.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 12pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">To have the meaning ”to study,&quot; nian must be followed &quot;by either the general object shū or a specific object such as the name of a subject.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 4pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Verb types: Zuo<sub>%</sub> &quot;to do，” and nian </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">(stiū)</span><span class="font24">, &quot;to study,&quot; are action vert</span><span class="font32">匕 </span><span class="font24">Both are made negative with bu vhen referring to actions not yet finished Both may take completion le_or its negative měi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 47pt;"><span class="font24">Tā bu nian shū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He doesn't study.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 47pt;"><span class="font24">Tā mei niān shū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He didn<sup>T</sup>t study.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 174pt 47pt;"><span class="font24">Tā yiJIng nian shū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He has already studied.</span></p>
<p style="padding:174pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on Nos. 5*6</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 4pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Xuě, &quot;to study” （an action verb): You vill recognize xuě from the word for</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">’studentxuěsheng* </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiiě</span><span class="font24"> may refer to acquiring either knowledge or ^ skill. For example, you can </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuě</span><span class="font24"> history, economics, a language, piano</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> and tennis*. On the other hand, nlSn is used for &quot;study&quot; in the sense of taking a course or courses in a field of knowledge• Nian is not used for a skill.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 25pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In some contexts, the verb xuě means ”to learn. The following sentence may be interpreted two ways, depending on the situation.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 47pt;"><span class="font24">W5 zai MSiguo yījlng xiieguo, I learned it in America.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 6pt 251pt;"><span class="font24">(e.g., how to use chopsticks)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 3pt 213pt;"><span class="font24">OR I studied it in America.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 251pt;"><span class="font24">(e.g., the Chinese language)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 4pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhongvěn is used for either the Chinese spoken language or the written language</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> including literature. In general, use xuě for &quot;learning&quot; to speak Chinese and nian for &quot;studying’，Chinese literature.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:25pt;padding:0pt 14pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Hui, ”to knov how to,” ”can，” is an auxiliary </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">verb.</span><span class="font24"> It is used before the main verb to express an attitude toward the action or to express the potential of action, Xiang, ”to want to，&quot; &quot;vould like to,<sup>n</sup> is also an auxiliary verb. ”Should,&quot;must,” and ”may&quot; are other examples of auxiliary verbs. All auxiliary verbs in Chinese are state verbs, vhich means that bu is alvays used to make them negative. Auxiliary verbs never take the </span><span class="font23">aspect marker le for completed action, regardless of whether you are talking about past, present, or future.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:3pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">Tā qunian bu hui shuō Yīngwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He couldn’t speak English last year.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Vhen the marker le is used, it is the aspect marker for new situations.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 14pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā qunian &quot;bu hui shuō YIngvěn</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Last year he couldn’t speak English,</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:25pt;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">xianzai hui le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but now he can.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:25pt;padding:9pt 14pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font22">Wo hui shuō yidian, </span><span class="font29">”工</span><span class="font22"> can speak a little<sup>1</sup>': The word yidian<sub>%</sub> literally </span><span class="font24"><sup>f,</sup>a dot,” functions as a noun. It is used in a sentence to mean <sup>,f</sup>a little </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">bit<sup>9</sup>'</span><span class="font24"> where a noun object, such as YIngvěn, &quot;English,” might be used*</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 32pt 15pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Yidian may not be used directly after an auxiliary verb, which must be followed by another verb.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:25pt;padding:15pt 14pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shuō</span><span class="font24">, ”to speak，&quot; &quot;to talk,&quot; is another example of a verb vhich must always have an object,* Shuō must be followed </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">'by</span><span class="font24"> either</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 14pt 3pt 72pt;"><span class="font24">(1) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the general object hua, &quot;words,&quot; in which case the meaning of shuō huat is simply ”to speak，&quot; &quot;to talk，” as in Tā hai </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">mil</span><span class="font24"> shuō hua, <sup>,f</sup>He hasn't yet spoken”</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 72pt;"><span class="font24">OR</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 9pt 72pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">(2)</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a specific object such as the name of a language.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:25pt;padding:9pt 14pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Bň hui: The short yes/no answer to a question containing the auxiliary verb hui is formed with hui rather than vith the main ver&quot;b,</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:25pt;padding:9pt 14pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngguo huS: This expression refers only to the spoken language, in contrast to Zhōngwěn, which refers to both the spoken and written language.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Literally, nali means &quot;where.&quot; As a reply to a compliment, we have translated nali as &quot;not at all.&quot; Jn China, it has traditionally been considered proper and a matter of course to deny any compliment received, no matter how much truth there is to it. Many people still regard xiěxie• &quot;thank you,” as an immodest reply to a compliment, since that would amount to agreeing that the compliment vas completely correct.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:9pt 11pt 183pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Jiu, <sup>ff</sup>only</span><span class="font32">”：</span><span class="font24"> As was noted in Unit 3，notes on Nos. 8-9，Jiň meaning ”only&quot;is not as widely understood as </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zhl.</span><span class="font24"> The last sentence in exchange 9 could Just as well be W8 zhl </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui shuō</span><span class="font24"> ytdian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:183pt 0pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Note on Nos. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">10-11</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:15pt 11pt 15pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">In the Peking dialect of Standard Chinese, which is the model for-grammatical patterns presented in this course, the -de of a shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">&quot;,de</span><span class="font24"> construction comes betveen the verb and its object. The object, therefore, is outside the shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">…de</span><span class="font24"> construction. Compare <sup>M</sup>I studied here,，vith </span><span class="font23">”1 studied English here<sup>n</sup>:</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Wo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">zai zhěr</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font22">•• </span><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;font-variant:small-caps;">a</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">xue</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">-de.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Wo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">shi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">zai zhěr</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">xuě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">-de</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">Yingwen.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:15pt 20pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">However, you may hear some Standard Chinese speakers who place the object inside the shi</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">• &quot;de</span><span class="font24"> construction.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark108"></a><span class="font8">DRILLS</span></p>
<p><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
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<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Tā zai n4li gongzuo?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Gu6vuyuān (Where does he/she vork?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai nili gōngzuo?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 29pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">ySuzhěngjū (Where does he/she vork?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā zai GuSwuyuan gōngzuo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 3pt 9pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she works with the State Department•)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai youzhěngju gōngzuo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she works at the post office.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="14pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">gongzuo? ylnhang he/she vork?)</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">3. Tā zii nali (Where does</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 0pt 27pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā zai nāli Wǔguānch^ (Where does</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">gēngzuo?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">he/she vork</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">^)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zai nali gongzuo?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 36pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">GuStln DaLfiuidiān (Where does he/she vork?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā ziti nSli gōngzuo?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 36pt 12pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Běijlng Fāndiān (Where does he/she work?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zSi nfili gōngzuS?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 36pt 0pt 30pt;"><span class="font24">Minzd Fandiajx (Where does he/she vork?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">Tā zSi ylnhSng gōngzuo.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she works at a &quot;bank.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai Wuguānchu gōngzuo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she vorks at the defense attached office.}</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 17pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai Gu6&quot;bln DāfSndian gōngzuo. (He/she vorks at the AmlDassador Hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 17pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">Tā </span><span class="font22" style="font-style:italic;">zkx</span><span class="font23"> Běijīng F^ndiān gongzud. </span><span class="font24">(He/she works at the Běijlng Hotel.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zk±</span><span class="font24"> Mlnzti FsLndisji gongzud* (He/she vorks at the Nationalities Hotel.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
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<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">B. Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 17pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Tā shi xUěsheng, tā xuě Zhōngwěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) zhěli (He/she is a student; he/she studies Chinese.)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="46%">
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā shi xuěsheng, tā zSi zhěli xiiě Zhōngwěn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is a student; he/she studies Chinese here.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi xuěsheng, tā</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">hua. nili</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi xuěsheng, tā</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">zhěli</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="17%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">xuě Zhōngguo nian shenme?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 17pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi xuěsheng, tā zai Zhongguo huā.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/></td>
<td valign="top" width="23%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi xuěsheng, shěnme?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p><span class="font24">nāli xuě tā zSi zhěli nian</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="12pt">
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<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font24"> Tā shi xuěsheng, tā nian lishi. nili?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">&gt;.Tā shi xuěsheng, tā nian věnxūě. zhěli</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">6. Tā shi xuěsheng, tā xuě Fawěn. nilli</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">7. Tā shi xuěsheng, tā xiiě shěnme? zhěli</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 9pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi xuěsheng, tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> n^li nian lishī?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 9pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi xuěsheng, tā zāi zhěli nian wěnxuě•</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 9pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi xuěsheng, tā zāi nelli xuě Filwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 6pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi xūěsheng，tā zāi zhěli xuě shěnme?</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">C. Response Drill</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">,tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">niixi</span><span class="font24"> shěnme?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Qīngwěn (cue)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">_ J Ingj ixiiě</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask, vhat is he/ she studying?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">You: Tā niin jlngjixuě. (He/she is studying economics.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">2. Qīngven, Wāng Dāniin nian shěnme? wěnxuě</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask, what is Wang Dāni£n studying?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="43%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">niěxi</span><span class="font24"> wěnxuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">(He is studying literature-)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Qīngwěn</span><span class="font24">, Fāng </span><span class="font23">Xiaojie nian </span><span class="font24">shenme? Zhōngguo wěnxuě</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font23">3</span><span class="font31">。</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 10pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask, what is Miss Fāng studying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn, tā měimei niln shěnme? zhěngzhixuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 30pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> what is his/her younger sister studying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn <sub>9</sub> tā airen nian shenme? llshī</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 30pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask, vhat is his/her spouse studying?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Qlngvěn, Sūn KuirSn nian shěnme? </span><span class="font24">Zhōngguo lishi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> vhat is Sūn Huxran studying?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">Tā </span><span class="font24">nian Zhōngguo věnxuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(She is studying Chinese literature.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā nian zhěngzhixiiěc</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(She is studying political science.</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā nian lishi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 36pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she is studying history,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Tā nian Zhōngguo lishi*</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(She is studying Chinese history.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="9pt">
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā nanhaizi nian jingjixuě (What is his/her shěnme?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="24%">
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">son studying?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="47%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā niěn jingj ixuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">(He is studying economics.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:vertical-ideographic;">
<p><span class="font11">5</span></p>
<p><span class="font11">o</span></p>
<p><span class="font20">2</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
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<td valign="top" width="47%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Wang Xiānsheng nian llshī.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 2pt 12pt 61pt;"><span class="font24">(Mr. Wang is studying history.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">MS Xiānsheng niin wěnxuě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng Xiānsheng nian JlngJixiiě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Li Xiānsheng niiLn Rīwěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā niān llshī.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Hti Xiānsheng ni^n Yingwen.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn Xiānsheng nian Fawěn.</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="52%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 2pt 21pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">You: Wang Xiānsheng lai nian llshif (Mr. Wang is coining to study history.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:21pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ma Xiānsheng lai nian wěnxuě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhāng Xiānsheng lai nifin Jlngjixiiě Li Xiānsheng lai nian Riwěn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai niān itshī.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Hu Xiānsheng lai nian Yīngwěn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Chin Xiānsheng lāi niiln Fāwěn.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Sūn TSngzhi lai zu3 shěnme?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) gongzuo (What did Comrade Sun come to do?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p><span class="font24">You</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Tā 111 gōngzuo•</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;"><span class="font24">(He/she is coming to work.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="11pt">
<tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">MS Tongzhi lai zud shěnme? niān shū</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn TSngzhi lai zud shěnme? xiie Riwěn</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai zuō shěnme? nian lishi</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Huāng Xiānsheng 1</span><span class="font32">疰</span><span class="font24">i zud shěnme? nieUi zhěngzhixuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 3pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Qiān Tongzhi lai zuo shěnme? xuě Yīngwěn</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="42%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai ni^n shǔ,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta lai xiiě Riwěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lai niān lishī.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā Ifii nian zhěngzhixuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lāi xūě Yīngwěn.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">Tā 1</span><span class="font32">疰</span><span class="font24">i zuo shenme? gongzud</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā lāi gongzud•</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<table cellpadding="6pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 110pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Response Drill, Speaker</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn, tā lai nian shū ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">1.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 9pt 60pt;"><span class="font24">(May I ask, did he/she come to study?)*</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">tā lai nian Zhōngvěn tā lai nian jīngjixuě</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngwěn,</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Qlngvěn,</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 60pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 30pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Qlngvěn, tā měimei lai nian Yīngwěn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Qingvěn, Chěn Xiānsheng lai ni§n zhěngzhixuě ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Qlngvěn, Wing Xiānsheng lai xiiě F&amp;wěn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 8pt 0pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Qīngvěn, Zhāng XiEojiS lai xuě Riwěn ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Dui le, tā lai nian shū.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 24pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">(That’s right, he/she came to study.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le, ta lai ni&amp;i Zhōngyěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dut le, tā lai niSn jlngjixiiě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le, tā lai nieLn YIngvěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dui le，tā l£i niiLn zhěngzhixuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dut le, tā lai xuě Fawěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Dut le, tā lai xiiě Rtwěn.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 16pt 63pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">*A11 these sentences could be translated with &quot;is coming” instead of &quot;did come.<sup>M</sup></span></p>
<p style="padding:63pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<table cellpadding="7pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Speaker: Tā shi zai dāxuě xiiěde Zhōngvěn ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font24">You</span><span class="font32">：</span><span class="font24"> Shide, tā shi zěi dāxiiě xuěde Zhōngwěn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 44pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, he/she studied Chinese in college.)</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 5pt 9pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(Did he/she study Chinese in college?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 5pt 9pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zai Měiguo xuěde Zhōngvěn ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 5pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zai Taivān Daxuě niande Yīngwěn ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">3.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 5pt 9pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā shi zai Měiguo niande lishi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 38pt 0pt 28pt;"><span class="font24">5. Tā shi zai Jiāzhōu niande zhěngzhixuě ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="25%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Shide, tā shi zai Zhōngwěn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Shide, tā shi zai niande YIngwěn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Shide, ta shi zāi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">lishi.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Shide, tā shi zai zhěngzhixuě.</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="21%">
<p style="padding:0pt 3pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Měiguo xuěde Taiwan Dāxue Měiguo niande Jiāzhōu niande</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="20pt">
<tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zai Zhongguo niande Zhōngguo wěnxuě ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zai Huāshěngdun niānde jlngjixuě ma?</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="53%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Shide, tā shi zai Zhōngguo nistnde Zhongguo věnxūě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Shide</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> tā shi zai Huāshěngdun niande jlngjixuě.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="54%">
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:0pt 2pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Give negative responses to all the according to the cues.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">questions, and complete your ansvers</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker: Tā shi zai Zhōngguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">xiiěde Zhōngguo huS ma? (cue) Měigu6 (Did he/she study Chinese in China?)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="45%">
<p style="text-align:center;"><span class="font24">You: Bii shi, tā shi z&amp;i Měiguo xiiěde Zhōngguo hua.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(No, he/she studied Chinese in America.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<table cellpadding="5pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zāi Měiguo niande Fěvěn ma? Jiānāda</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi z </span><span class="font32">在</span><span class="font24">i Taiwan Dajciiě niande zhěngzhixuě ma? Měiguo Daxūě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zcli Ylngguo niānde Ylngguo wěnxuě ma? Měiguo Dāxiiě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zai Jiāzhou niande</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">jlngj ixuě ma? Taiwan Dāxxiě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Zhōngguo niSnde</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngguo lishī ma? Jiāzhōu DeLxuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā shi zeLi Jiānlldā nieLnde Zhōngwěn ma? Taiwan</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Bu shi, ta shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Jiān£dā niande Favěn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Bu shi, tā shi zlii Měiguo Dāxūě niande zhěngzhixuě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Bū shi, tā shi z£ii Měiguo Dāxūě niande Ylngguo wěnxuě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Bii shi, tā shi zai Taiwan Dāxūě niande Jlngjixuě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Bu shi, tā shi zlLi Jiāzhōu Dsbcūě niande Zhōngguo lishi.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 8pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Bfi shi, tā shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> Tāivān niltnde Zhōngwěn.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">I. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 13pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Give a negative or an affirmative response to each question, according </span><span class="font32">十</span><span class="font24">,.</span><span class="font32">；</span><span class="font24">th* cnes,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. Speaker•• Tā shi </span><span class="font24" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">zeii</span><span class="font24"> Huāshěngdun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Shide, tā shi zal Huashěngdūn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">xiiěde Zhōngguo huS ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xuěde Zhōngguo hua.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Huěshěngdūn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Yes, he/she studied Chinese</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 59pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(Did he/she study Chinese &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in Washington.) in Washington?)</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">OR Tā shi zai Taivān Dāxiiě ni </span><span class="font22">Guide </span><span class="font24">Zhōngguo lishi ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 10pt 9pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Měiguo Daxiiě (Did he/she study Chinese history at Taiwan University?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">2« Tā shi zai dāxuě xuěde Zhōngwěn ma? dāxue</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">3, Tǎ shi zai Taiwan Dcboiě niande Zhōngguo wěnxuě ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">Jiāzh5u Daxuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 10pt 9pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">U, Tā shi zai MSiguo Daxuě niitnde wěnxuě ma? MSiguo DeLxiiě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi zai Jiāzhōu Dāxuě niande</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">zhěngzhixuě ma? T&amp;ivan Dāxuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 35pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā shi zāi Figuo nisLnde Ftwěn</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 86pt;"><span class="font24">(”French”) ma? MeiguS</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">J• Substitution Drill</span></p>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 89pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">1,</span><span class="font24"> Speaker: NX hui shuō </span><span class="font23">Yīngwěn </span><span class="font24">ma? (cue) Děvln</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font23">You: </span><span class="font24">NJ </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hui</span><span class="font24"> shuo Děvěn ma? (Can you speak German?)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 16pt;"><span class="font24">(Can you</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">speak</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">English?)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2»</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">NI</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hui</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shuo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Děwěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Riven</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">NJ </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hui</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shuo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Riwěn </span><span class="font32">腿？</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nī</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">hui</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shuo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">Rtvěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">Fě.ven</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Nl </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hui</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shuo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Filwěn ma?</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Nī</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font23">hui</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shuo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">FSwěn</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">Nī hui</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shuō</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Zhongguo huE m?</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td colspan="4">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Zhongguo hua</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">5</span><span class="font29">，</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font23">HI</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">hui</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shuō</span></p></td><td colspan="3">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngguo huā ma?</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font23">Nī</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">shuo</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Děguo hut ma?</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="text-indent:35pt;"><span class="font24">Děguo hua 6. Nl hut shuō Děguo huā ma?</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bū shi, tā shi zai MSiguo Dāxtiě niande Zhōngguo lishī.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 45pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">(No, he/she studied Chinese history at American University.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:45pt 26pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Shide，tā shi zai dcboiě xiiede Zhōngwěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 21pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bū shi, tā shi z</span><span class="font32">盔</span><span class="font24">i Jiāzhōu DlLxūě niānde Zhōngguo wěnxuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 26pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Shide，tā shi zai MSiguo Dāxuě niande věnxiie»</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 26pt 9pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">BU shi, tā shi zeti Taivān Dāxūě ni^nāe zhěngzhixuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 18pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Bu shi, tā shi zai MSiguo niānde Fawěn.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Wo xue Zhōngwěn.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">Combination Drill</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 21pt 83pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) Riwěn (l<sup>f</sup>m studying Qiinese.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:21pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">OR WS xiiě Zhōngwěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 83pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) tā (I'm studying Chinese.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta xiiě Fawěn. Děwěn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W8 xūě Fawěn. tā</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. WS xuě zhěngzhixuě, tā</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. Wo xuě zhěngzhixiie. jlngjixiiě</span></p></td>
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<p style="padding:0pt 65pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font23">You</span><span class="font31">;筋</span><span class="font23"> xiiě Zhōngvěn, wS ye xuě </span><span class="font24">Rlwen.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">(l<sup>f</sup>m studying Chinese, and I'm studying Japanese too.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Wo xiiě Zhōngwěn, ta yS xuě Zhōngvěn. (l<sup>f</sup>m studying Chinese; he/she is studying Chinese too.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font15">Tā xuě Fawěn<sub>%</sub> tā yě xūě Děvěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Wo xiiě Fawen, tā ye xuě Fawěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 65pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">W6 xiiě zhěngzhixuě, tā yS xiiě zhěngzhixuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 65pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Wo xue zhěngzhixuě, wo ye xue jlngjixiiě.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font15">Wo xiiě věnxiiě, wS </span><span class="font15" style="font-style:italic;">yě</span><span class="font15"> xiiě lishī.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">!. W3 xuě věnxuě. lishī</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
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<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">L. Combination Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Lin Xiānsheng zai</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 38pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">Huāshěngdun. Tā xuěguo Fawěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 38pt 9pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(Mr. Lin was in Washington. He studied French.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Huang XiSoJiS zili MSiguo. Tā</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">nilnguo zhěngzhixuě•</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">(Miss Huang vas in America.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">She studied political science.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Liu Taitai zai Jiāzhōu Daxiiě,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">Tā niānguo jlngjixiiě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 9pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">(Mrs. Liu vas at the University of California. She studied economics.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 22pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">U. Sdng Xiānsheng zai Měigu6, Tā niānguo itshl.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 33pt;"><span class="font24">(Mr. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Sbng</span><span class="font24"> vas in America. He studied history.)</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">You: Lin Xiānsheng zai Huāshěngdun xuěguo Fawěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 33pt 38pt;"><span class="font24">(Mr. Lin studied French in Washington.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 12pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Huang Xi&amp;ojiS zai Měiguo nieuiguo zhěngzhixuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 12pt 9pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">(Miss Huang studied political science in America.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 34pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Liu Taitai zai Jiāzhōu Dāxiiě nianguo jlngjixiiě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 21pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">(Mrs. Liu studied economics at the University of California.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:21pt 1pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">Sňng Xiānsheng zai Měiguo niānguo lishi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 34pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">(Mr. Song studied history in America.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
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<p><a name="bookmark109"></a><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā z5i BSiJIng. Tā xuěguo</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngvěn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she vas In BSiJIng. He/she studied Chinese.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sūn Xi&amp;oJIS </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> JiānSdS. Ta</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">niānguo Ylngguo věnxiiě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 11pt 9pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">(Miss Sun vas in Canada. She studied English literature.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zeli Zhōngguo • Tā niānguo</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngguo věnxiiě.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 32pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she vas In China. He/she studied Chinese literature.;</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Ta zai BSiJIng xuěguo Zhōngvěn. (He/she studied Chinese in BSijlng.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 27pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Sūn XiSoJiS zal Jlān^dfil nidnguo Yīngguo věnxuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 13pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">(Miss Sūn studied English literature in Canada.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 27pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zai Zhōngguo nieuiguo Zhōngguo wěnxuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">(He/she studied Chinese literature in China.)</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
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<p style="text-indent:31pt;padding:0pt 4pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Give an affirmative or a negative to the cues.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">response to each question, according</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font24">: Nī hui shuo YIngwěn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) xuěguo (Can you speak English?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 9pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">OR Nl hui shuo YIngwěn ma? (cue) mei xuěguo (Can you speak English?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NJ hui shuō Zhdngvěn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">xuěguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hut shuo Děwěn </span><span class="font32">腿？</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">měi xuěguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">Nī hut shuo Rtwěn ma? xiieguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tǎ hui shuo Yīngguo huā ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">xiieguo</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nl hui shuō FSvěn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 84pt;"><span class="font24">měi xuěguo</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="42%">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: W8 hui shuo yidiSn.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 0pt 18pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(I can speak a little.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:18pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">W5 </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">bix Yini</span><span class="font24"> shuō.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 18pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(I can’t speak it,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">W5 </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hui</span><span class="font24"> shuo ytdiSn,</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 24pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ta bu hui shuo.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 45pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">WS </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hui</span><span class="font24"> shuo yidian. Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hui</span><span class="font24"> shuo ytdiSn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">WS bu hui shuō.</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">Give an affirmative or a negative the cues*</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">response to each question, according</span></p></div><br clear="all"/><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">to</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<table cellpadding="20pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="34%">
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Tā hui shuō Zhōngguo hua ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p><span class="font24">Speaker:</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 6pt 3pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) xuěguo (Can he/she speak Chinese?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 6pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">Tā hui shuo Zhōngguo huā ma?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 6pt 9pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) měi xuěguo (Can he/she speak Chinese?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">hui shuō Fawěn ma?</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Tā airen xuěguo</span></p></div><br clear="all"/></td>
<td valign="top" width="65%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">You: Hui, tā hui shuō Zhōngguo hua.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 42pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(Yes, he/she can speak Chinese.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:42pt 3pt 0pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">Bu hui, tā bu hui shuō Zhōngguo hua.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 34pt;"><span class="font24">(No, he/she can't speak Chinese*)</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Hux</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> tā airen hui shuō Fawen,</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">B1l hui, tā f^qin bu hui shuō Riven.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 99pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Tā fuqin hui shuō Riven ma? měi xuěguo</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Bu hui, Li Těngzhi bu hui shuō Děwěn.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 7pt 9pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">Li TSngzhi hui shuō Děwěn ma? měi xuěguo</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">U.</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">5.</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:9pt 7pt 24pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">hui shuō YIngvěn ma? Hui, Wang Těngzhi hui shuō Yingwen.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 1pt 9pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Wang Tongzhi xuěguo</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 1pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">Chěn Těngzhi xiieguo</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:24pt 7pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Hui, Chěn T6ngzhi hui shuō Favěn.</span></p><div style="display:inline;layout-flow:horizontal;">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">hui shuō Favěn ma:</span></p></div><br clear="all"/>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 42pt 0pt 0pt;"><a name="bookmark110"></a><span class="font8">UNIT 8 INTRODUCTION</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Topic8 Covered in This Unit</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;More on duration phrases.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The marker le_ for new situations in negative sentences.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Military titles and 'branches of service,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">U. The marker ne.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">5_ Process verbs.</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Materials</span><span class="font24"> You Will Need</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">1.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The </span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">C-l </span><span class="font24">and </span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">P-l </span><span class="font24">tapes, </span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">the </span><span class="font24">Reference List </span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">and Reference </span><span class="font24">Notes</span><span class="font15" style="font-weight:bold;">.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The C-2 and P-2 tapes, the Workbook.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The 8D-1 tape.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark25"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE LIST</span></p>
<table cellpadding="8pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(in Taipei)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B: Nl JIntiān hai ySu kě ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">A: Měiyou kě le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nl cSngqiSn niān Yīngwěn</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">niānle du6 jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 5pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: Wo nian YIngwěn niānle liūniin.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font23">A: </span><span class="font24">Nl xiitozāi nieLn shěnme ne?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">B: Wo nian Fawěn ne.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 24pt 6pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">U. A: Nī niān Favěn niinle du6 Jiu le?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 24pt;"><span class="font23">B: Wo nianle yiniSn le,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B: Nl hui xiě Zhōngguo </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zi</span><span class="font24"> ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">A: Hui yidian.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Quniin vS hSi bii hui xiě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">A: Xianzai w5 hui xie yidian le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: Nl fūqin shi Junrěn ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: Shi, tā shi hSiJiin Junguān,</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;B: Wo jīntiān bu lāi le,</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: Wo bing le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 18pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A: JIntiān hao le měiyou?</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 36pt 59pt;"><span class="font24">B: JIntiān hao le,</span></p>
<p style="padding:36pt 5pt 6pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY </span><span class="font24">(not presented on C-l and P-l tapes)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kōngjūn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">11. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lijun</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 148pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">12. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shiUng 13- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zuo shi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">Ik</span><span class="font24">• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Děvěn</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="50%">
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 6pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Do you have any more classes today? I don<sup>f</sup>t have any more classes.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 18pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">How long did you study English?</span></p>
<p style="padding:18pt 0pt 24pt 3pt;"><span class="font32">工</span><span class="font24"> studied English for six years.</span></p>
<p style="padding:24pt 0pt 6pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">What are you studying now?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">I*m studying French.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 4pt 6pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">How long have you been studying French?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">iWe</span><span class="font24"> been studying it for one year.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Can you write Chinese characters?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">I can a little.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 4pt 6pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Last year I couldn’t write them. Now I can write a little.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Is your father a military man?</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Yes, he<sup>f</sup>s a naval officer.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 6pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">I<sup>f</sup>m not coming today.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 12pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">I<sup>?</sup>m sicko</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 4pt 6pt 14pt;"><span class="font23">Are you &quot;better today? (Are you recovered?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 66pt 3pt;"><span class="font23">Today I<sup>f</sup>m better.</span></p>
<p style="padding:66pt 4pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">air force army</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">enlisted man to work</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">German language</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p><a name="bookmark71"></a><span class="font8">VOCABULARY</span></p>
<table cellpadding="23pt">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="44%">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">&quot;bing</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Děvěn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Fdvěn (FSvěn)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">l^LiJun</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Junguān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Junrěn</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark111"></a><span class="font24">kě</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">kōngjib</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Itijun</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">shibīng</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark112"></a><span class="font24">xiS</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><a name="bookmark113"></a><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zi</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">zud shi</span></p></td>
<td valign="top" width="55%">
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to become ill German language French language navy</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">military officer military person</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 45pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">class air force</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">army</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">enlisted man</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">to vrite</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 45pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">character to vork</span></p></td></tr></table><hr/>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 105pt 13pt;"><a name="bookmark72"></a><span class="font8">REFERENCE NOTES</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:105pt 31pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Hai, ”additionally,” ”also</span><span class="font32">”：</span><span class="font24"> You have already learned the word hai used as an adverb meaning <sup>tf</sup>still/* In this exchange you learn a second vay to use hai.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 13pt;"><span class="font24">Nī hai xiǎng z5u na? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you still want to leave?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">Nl hai yāo xūě shěnme? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What else do you want to study?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 31pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou.■&gt;le: You will remember that in the negative of a completed action, měi or měiyou replaces the completion marker le~is never used together vith it.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">iSi</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 3pt 0pt;"><span class="font13"><sup>1</span><span class="font22">1</span></sup></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">(He came)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">měi(you)</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 14pt;"><span class="font24">lai.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 6pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He did not come)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:18pt 14pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">In the sentence Měiyou kě </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font24">. le is a nev-situation marker, and měiyou is simply the negative of the full verb y5u. (Remem'ber that the vert you is alvays made negative vith mei, never vith ^u.)</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">y6u kě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">(Now he has class. CDue to a change in the schedule, he now has class at this time,1)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"><span class="font24">Tā</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">měi-</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">you kě</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 10pt;"><span class="font24">le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 24pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">(He doesnft have any more classes.)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:27pt 14pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bū.•</span><span class="font24">«le/měiyou&gt;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">•</span><span class="font24">.le: When the marker le_ for new situations is used with a negative ver*b, there are two possible meanings: one is that something that vas supposed to happen is now not going to happen; the other is that something that vas happening is not happening anymore. Thus the following sentence is ambiguous:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 17pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ bu lāi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is not coining now. CEither</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 31pt 0pt 248pt;"><span class="font24">he vas expected to come but changed his mind, or he used to come at this time &quot;but nov has stopped.D</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 22pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In the context of a conversation, the meaning of the sentence would </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">\yecome </span><span class="font24">clear. Here are more-examples with the <sup>lf</sup>anymcre<sup>ff</sup> meaning:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 19pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Ta bu </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">nikn</span><span class="font24"> shū le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is not going to study anymore.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 55pt 3pt 246pt;"><span class="font24">[He vill no longer attend college•D</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">Tā bu shi wode pěngyou le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is not my friend anymore.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 141pt 51pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There is no more.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:141pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Note on Ho&gt; 2</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 11pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">More on duration: In Unit </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">6</span><span class="font24"> of this module, you learned to express duration in a sentence with no object (W8 zaLi XlSnggSng zhiile Huge yuě le)&gt; In this unit, you learn one </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">vay</span><span class="font24"> to express the duration of an activity vhich involves using both a </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">verb</span><span class="font24"> and an object (e.g。* ”studying economics”）. In such cases, the verb appears twice in the sentence: first when the object is stated, and again vhen the duration is stated.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 22pt 3pt 51pt;"><span class="font24">Tā niln jlngjixui, nianle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He studied economics for one year, yinian.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 19pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Tā xiiě Zhōngguo xuěle &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ke has been studying Chinese for</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 51pt;"><span class="font24">sānge yiiě le* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;three months.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 22pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Notice that aspect markers do not occur after the first verb in each sentence, but only after the second verb and at the end of the second</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 117pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">sentence.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:117pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Note on No. 3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:23pt;padding:12pt 11pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Ne is an aspect marker used to emphasize the fact that something is in progress. With action verbs, ne^ indicates that the action is going on.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 11pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">With state verbs, ne shovs that the state exists. Vith some process verbs, ne indicates that the process is going on. Ne may not &quot;be used vith certair process verbs. (See also notes on No. 8, about verbs.)</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:0pt 15pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">XiS</span><span class="font24"> Zhongguo zt: The verb xie, ”to write/<sup>1</sup> can occur with specific objects, such as Zhōngguo </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">zi</span><span class="font24">, as well as vith the general object z|_. The combination xie </span><span class="font15" style="font-style:italic;">zi</span><span class="font15"> </span><span class="font24">can mean either <sup>n</sup>to write charactersor simply &quot;to write.”</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 50pt;"><span class="font24">Tā xiǎng xuě xiS Zhōngguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He wants to learn to write Chinese</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font32">、</span><span class="font24"> </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zi,</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;characters.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:3pt 11pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">Xiao didi sisui le, yījīng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Little younger brother is four</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 50pt;"><span class="font24">hui xiě zi le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years old and already can write.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 15pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">In the reply Hui ytdian, hui is used as a main verb--not as an auxiliary </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">verb,</span><span class="font24"> as in the question• As a main verb, hui means ”to have the skill of,&quot; <sup>ī?</sup>to have the knowledge of,&quot; ”to knov.<sup>,f</sup></span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 117pt 50pt;"><span class="font24">WS hui YIngwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I know English.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:117pt 0pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Notes on No, 6</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 15pt 9pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Quniān vo hii bii hui xie: Notice that here it is the auxiliary ver&quot;b hui, not the verb xie, that is made negative. Auxiliary verts such as hui and xiang are STATE verts and so are made negative with the prefix </span><span class="font32">应</span><span class="font24">，regardless of whether the context is past, present</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> or future.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:9pt 15pt 3pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Xianzai v5 hui xiě yidiSn le: The marker used is Le for new situations. It is always placed at the end of a sentence.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:3pt 15pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The time word xianzSi cones at the beginning of the sentence here. Most time words of more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case before the verb.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">The verb bing, &quot;to get sick,&quot; &quot;to become ill，” is a process verb; that</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:0pt 18pt 9pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">the activity described includes some changes in the situation. Process verbs tell of an action vhich has caused a change from one state to another, as from whole to broken (&quot;to break”）and from frozen to melted (&quot;to melt<sup>11</sup>). Bing is typical of process verts: not only is an action described (coming dovn with an illness) but also a resulting state (being ill). Because of this typical combination» process verbs are sometimes thought of as combining the semantic characteristics of action and state verbs.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:9pt 35pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">One of the main purposes of talking </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">about</span><span class="font24"> verbs in terms of action, state, and process is to drav attention to the fact that the Chinese way </span><span class="font32">。多</span><span class="font24"> expressing something may not correspond to the English. For instance,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 18pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">”1 am sick” in Chinese is WS btng le (”I have gotten sick&quot;). For <sup>,f</sup>I am not sick,” you say WS měi btng (”I didn<sup>f</sup>t get sick&quot;).</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 18pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Process verbs are always made negative with m|i<sub>9</sub> regardless of vhether you are referring to past, present, or future.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">NX bing le měiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you sick?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 48pt;"><span class="font24">Měiyou. WS měi *blng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No. I'm not sick.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 3pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">(State verbs are alvays made negative vith bň.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:22pt;padding:3pt 18pt 24pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Another reason for putting verbs into categories according to the type of meaning is to discover how verbs behave in sentences. Knowing whether a verb is in the action, state, or process category, you vill knov vhat aspect markers and negatives may be used with that verb. In the following chart8, a check mark means that this combination of verla and aspect occurs in the language.</span></p>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="3">
<p></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">ASPECT MARKERS</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"><span class="font24">completion le</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">combined le</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"><span class="font24">new-situation le</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">ACTION</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">VERBS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">STATE</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">u</span><span class="font24">^</span><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">PROCESS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 41pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 11pt;"></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ACTION</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zuotiān gōngzuS le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 99pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">He worked yesterday, (completion Le)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā yiJIng lai le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 99pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">He has already come, (combined le)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Gēge xianzai nian daxuě le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">Older brother goes to college now. (nev-situation le)**</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">STATE</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā xianzai hui xiě zi le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 99pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">He can write now, (nev-situation le_)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">PROCESS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zu6tiān bing le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 84pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">He got sick yesterday, (completion 1^)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā xiiLnz^i bing le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 131pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">He is sick-(combined le)</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">Tā &quot;bīngle </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">yige</span><span class="font24"> yuě le.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 8pt 0pt 12pt;"><span class="font24">He has been sick for one month now, (nev-situation le and completion le)</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">VERBS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2">
<p></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24">ACTION</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">STATS</span></p></td><td>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 2pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">PROCESS</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font32">迠</span><span class="font24"> </span><span class="font17">!</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 6pt;"><span class="font24">f</span></p>
<p><span class="font17">[</span><span class="font24">'Zj</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">NEGATION</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">měi(you)—negation of completion le</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font17">•z</span></p></td><td colspan="2">
<p></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 1pt 0pt 9pt;"><span class="font24">hai měi—negation of combined le</span></p></td><td colspan="3">
<p><span class="font24">「Z ! ! Z</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="1">
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">Examples:</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 7pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">ACTION</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā &quot;bu nian shū.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">He doesn’t (isn<sup>?</sup>t going to) study-</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā měi nian shū.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">He didnft study.</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā hai měi nian shū.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">He hasn’t studied yet,</span></p></td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">STATE</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 21pt 0pt 19pt;"><span class="font24">Tā quniān bu xiǎng nian shū.</span></p></td><td>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 21pt;"><span class="font24">Last year* she didn<sup>f</sup>t vant to study.</span></p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="padding:30pt 24pt 3pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">★Most of the time you can figure out from a verb<sup>1</sup> s meaning the semantic category in vhich that verb &quot;belongs. However, process verlDs may not &quot;be so predictable.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 24pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">**In affirmative sentences containing action verbs, the marker le for new situations is used to describe a change in a general habit.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">PROCESS Tā Jīntiān měi bing. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is not sick today.</span></p>
<p style="padding:6pt 0pt 24pt 58pt;"><span class="font24">Tā hai měi hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He hasn't yet recovered.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:24pt 24pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">Notice that only action verbs use the vhole range of negatives to mark the negative of future or present action, completed action, or new situations. State verbs use the negative prefix bū even vhen referring to past states. Process verbs use the negative prefix měi even when referring to something in the present.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;padding:6pt 24pt 57pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">If you find a verb occurring with a negative or an aspect marker you had not expected, you might discuss with your teacher hov the verb behaves in terms of these charts. You might discover that what you thought vas a state verb is actually a process vert, or vice versa.</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">9. A: JIntiān h&amp;o le měiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you tetter today?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 33pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">B: JIntiān h&amp;o le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Today I’m better.</span></p>
<p style="padding:33pt 0pt 12pt 1pt;"><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No</span><span class="font32" style="text-decoration:underline;">，</span><span class="font24"> 9</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 11pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">JIntiān hSo le: HSo is one of many state verbs which can become process verbs. When such a verb becomes a process verb, it takes on a different meaning. While the state vert h&amp;o means ”to be good<sup>,f</sup> or &quot;to be veil,” the process verb hSo means &quot;to get tetter,” &quot;to recover.<sup>11</sup> Compare these sentences:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 6pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Tǎ hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He<sup>f</sup>s in good health.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 11pt 6pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Tā zuotiān </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">'bing</span><span class="font24"> le. Tā Jīntiān Yesterday he became sick. Today he yījlng h&amp;o le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is already recovered.</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:6pt 11pt 6pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">The difference between the state verb hSo and the process vert hSo is even more evident in negative sentences. State verbs, as you remember, are made negative only with bň. Process verts are made negative only vith měi or hai </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">měi</span><span class="font24">.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 3pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Ta bō. hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He<sup>f</sup>s not good. [He’s not a good</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 6pt 248pt;"><span class="font24">person</span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">.1</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:6pt 0pt 3pt 26pt;"><span class="font24">Tā hai měi hSo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He hasn<sup>1</sup>t yet recovered. [He is</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 12pt 248pt;"><span class="font24">still sick.3</span></p>
<p style="text-indent:24pt;padding:12pt 11pt 0pt 1pt;"><span class="font24">It can be difficult to remem'ber that bing and hao, sometimes translated as &quot;to be sick&quot; and &quot;to be better,” are actually process verbs in Chinese, not state verbs. The English sentence <sup>n</sup>I am better (recovered)” translates as WS hao le (&quot;I have &quot;become veil”) and would be incorrect without the le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-indent:25pt;padding:0pt 37pt 3pt 5pt;"><span class="font24">JIntiān hǎo le měiyou? Questions may be formed from statements containing completion le_ or combined le_ &quot;by adding měiyou at the end of the statements • You will learn more about forming questions in the first unit of the next module.</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 54pt;"><span class="font24">Tā laile měiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Did he come?</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 3pt 54pt;"><span class="font24">Nl hSole měiyou? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are you recovered (from your</span></p>
<p style="padding:3pt 0pt 135pt 253pt;"><span class="font24">illness)?</span></p><img src="0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText_files/0040-FSI-StandardChinese-Module02BIO-StudentText-10.png" style="width:473pt;height:351pt;"/>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 27pt 197pt;"><a name="bookmark114"></a><span class="font8">DRILLS</span></p>
<p style="padding:27pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">A. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font23">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā Jīntiān hai y5u kě You: Tā měiyou kě le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He doesn't have any more</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(Does he have any more &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;classes.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">classes today?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā jīntiān </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">b&amp;± li.1</span><span class="font24"> ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā b{i lSi le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font23">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiānz^i hii hui shuō Zhōngguo Tā bu hui shuō Zhongguo </span><span class="font15" style="font-style:italic;">huk</span><span class="font23"> le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">hui na?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 15pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā xiiUizii hai ySu Zhōngguo shū Ta měiyou Zhongguo shū le. ma?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font23">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hai niin lishī ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā bu niSn lishl le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font23">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiiLnzili hai ziLi kongjun &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta bu sili kǒngjun gōngzuS le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font23">gōngzud ina?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 60pt 37pt;"><span class="font23">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tǎ </span><span class="font24" style="font-style:italic;">xiknzki</span><span class="font23"> hai xiSng z5u ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā b\i xiSng zSu le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">B. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā cSngqiin niiLn lishl. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Ta cSngqian niibi lishī,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He formerly studied &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xilnzti bu niin le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">history.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He formerly studied history,</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 15pt 12pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">but nov he doesn,t anymore.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">2</span><span class="font32">.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā c6ngqiān nian shū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā c6ngqiān nisLn shū, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xiknzki</span><span class="font24"> bū</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 249pt;"><a name="bookmark115"></a><span class="font23">niiLn le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā c6ngqian zāi lūjiin zuS shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā c6ngqi£n zai lūjiin zud shi,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 249pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xiknzki</span><span class="font24"> &quot;bu </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zki</span><span class="font24"> lfijun zud shi le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā congqian &quot;bfi hui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā congqiān &quot;bu hut, xianz^i hui le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā congqian *b{l zhldao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā congqian bu zhīdāo, xianzii</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 249pt;"><span class="font24">zhīdao le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāde Zhōngvěn congqian bu hSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāde Zhōngwěn congqian bu hen h5o,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">hao. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xianzai hSn hSo le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">7.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā congqian hui shuō Faguo huā. Tā congqian hui shuō Faguo hua,</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 249pt;"><span class="font24">xianzai b&lt;l hut le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font22">C. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font22" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font22"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">1</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā nianguo zhěngzhixuě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Ta niān zhěngzhixuě, nianle du6</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 89pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) du6 jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He has studied political &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(How long did he study political</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 89pt;"><span class="font24">science.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;science?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nianguo JIngJixuě. jlniěn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nian JIngJixūě, niěnle* JlniSn?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā niānguo Zhōngguo věnxūě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta nian Zhōngguo wěnxūě, niaiile duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark116">du6 Jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiǔ?</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">i+. Tā xūěguo Riven. Jlge yiiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xūě Riven, xūěle Jlge yuě?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā z&amp;i kōngjūn zuSguo shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zai kōngjēn zuo shi</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> zudle duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark117">du6 Jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiu?</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nianguo Zhōngguo lishī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nian Zhongguo lishī, nisLnle du6</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark118">du6 jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiǔ?</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Tā nilnguo YIngguo wěnxuě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nian YIngguo wěnxūě, nianle</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 57pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Jinian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jlniah?</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">D. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Transformation Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā xiānz&amp;i nicLn lishī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Ta nian lishī, niSnle du6 Jiǔ</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 89pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) du6 Jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 78pt;"><span class="font24">(He is studying history &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Hov long has he been studying</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 89pt;"><span class="font24">now.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;history?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiānzSi xūě Riwln. jige yiiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xūě Riven, xuěle jlge yuě le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiānzāi nian YIngwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā niSn YIngwěn, niānle jīge yuě le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">Jlge yuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">U. Ta xieLnzcli zsli h&amp;ijun zuō shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zsLi hSijiin zuo shi, zudle </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">ilnl&amp;rx</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark119">Jīnian &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;le?</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xi&amp;nz&amp;i xuě Zhōngguo hui. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xuě Zhongguo hua, xūěle du6 jiu</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark120">due jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;le?</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xianzai zeLi l\ijūn zu5 shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zai lujun zuo shi, zuole JlniSn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark121">Jiniln &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;le?</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xianzai zai yinhang zu5 shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā zai yinhSng zuo shi, zuěle JlniSn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24"><a href="#bookmark122">jini&amp;i &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;le?</a></span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">E. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā xiiLnzsLi h4i niebi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Ta ni&amp;i lishī, h&amp;i xiSng nisLn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">llshl</span><span class="font24"> ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;du6 JiS?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) du6 Jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Hov much longer is he going</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 28pt 12pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(He is still studying &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to study history?) history,)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiānzii h&amp;i niEn Zhōngguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā niin Zhōngguo věnxuě, h&amp;l xiSng</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">věnxiiě ne. du6 Jiu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;niān du6 Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xi^nzeLi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">h&amp;±</span><span class="font24"> xūě Riwěn ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xūě Riwěn, h&amp;i xiSng xuě Jlge yuě?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">jlge yuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 13pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā xiiLnzai hit zeLi lūjun zu3 shi Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zk±</span><span class="font24"> lxijān </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zvJ5</span><span class="font24"> shi, hii xiSng zu§ ne. du6 Jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;du6 Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tǎ xiānzāi h&amp;i xiiě Zhōngguo huā Tā xiil Zhongguo hual, h&amp;i xiSng xuě</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">ne. du6 Jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;du6 Jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiiLnzai hai niin zhěngzhixuě Tā niān zhěngzhixūě, h£i xiSng </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">nikn</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">ne. du6 JiS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;duo Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 13pt 57pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">T. Tā xieUizāi </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">hti</span><span class="font24"> niEn J IngJ ixūě ne* Tā niaLn j īngj ixūě, h&amp;i xiSng niflLn du6 Jifi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;du6 Jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">F. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Tā xiiLnzili niin lishī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Tā nidn lishī, nianle du6 Jiǔ</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(He is studying history &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">now.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Hov long has he studied</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 277pt;"><span class="font24">history?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">OR Tā niānguo līshī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā ni&amp;n lishī, nilCnle du6 Jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 6pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(He studied history.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(How long did he study history?)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">OR Tā xiiuizai h£i nian lishī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nian lishī, h&amp;l xiang niān</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 85pt;"><span class="font24">(He is still studying &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;du6 jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 13pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font22">history,) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(How long does he plan to study</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 277pt;"><span class="font24">history?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xieLnzti niSn Zhōngguo věnxuě. Tā nian Zhōngguo wěnxuě, nianle du6</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 277pt;"><span class="font24">le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nianguo Zhongguo věnxuě. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nian Zhōngguo wěnxuě, niiLnle du6</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 251pt;"><span class="font24">jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 37pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā xianzai hai nian Riwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nian Riwěn, hāi xiǎng nian duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 251pt;"><span class="font24">Jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nianguo Rivěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā nian Riven, nisuile duo jiu?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xuěguo Yīngwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xiie YIngwěn, xiiěle duo Jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. Tā xianzai hll xuě YIngwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xuě YIngwěn, hSi xiang xuě duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 245pt;"><span class="font24">Jiǔ?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">8. Tā xiinzai zai kōngjun zu5 shi. Tā zai kongjŪn zuo </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">shi<sub>9</span><span class="font24"></sub> zuole duo</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 57pt 245pt;"><a name="bookmark123"></a><span class="font24">jiǔ le?</span></p>
<p style="padding:57pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">G. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Expansion Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker; W5 xiS </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zi</span><span class="font24"> le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: WS xiS </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zī</span><span class="font24"> le, tā mei xi§ zi.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">(I wrote.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(I wrote; he didn’t write.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font22">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WS dSng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo dong le, tā měi d5ng.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WS lai le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W8 lāi le, tā měi lai.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">1*. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;w5 </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zou</span><span class="font24"> le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WS zSu le</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24">ta měi z5u.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font16">5</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WS zuo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WS zu5 le, tǎ měi zuS.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W5 ting le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo tīng le, tā měi ting.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 45pt 2pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wo xuě le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;W5 xuě le, tā měi xuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:45pt 0pt 12pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">H. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker; Tā xiS le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You: Tā hai měi xi§.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 78pt;"><span class="font24">(Did he write?) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He still hasn't written.)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">lli</span><span class="font24"> le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hai měi lai.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 15pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hao le </span><span class="font24">ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font23">Tā hai znei hǎo. </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">k.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā dong le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hai měi dong.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font23">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā z5u le </span><span class="font24">ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font23">Tā hai měi zou.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā ting le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hai měi tīng.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font30">了</span><span class="font23">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā xuě le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā hai měi xuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">I. Response Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaker: Ta congqian b(x hui xi? You: Tā h£i toil hui xi§ Zhōngguo zl.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngguo zi. XiSnzāi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(He still can’t write Chinese</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">ne? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;characters.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 236pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(In the past he couldn*t write Chinese characters. And nov?)</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā c6ngqiān 1&gt;\L xiSng xūě Riwěn. Tā h£i &quot;bi xiSng xiiě Rivěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">XiiLnzāi ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta c6ngq.i£n </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">&quot;bix</span><span class="font24"> nieLn lishī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā h&amp;i bfi niSn lishī.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">U. Tā c6ngq.i&amp;n dSng FSwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā h&amp;i bi dSng F&amp;wěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Xi^nzdi ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tāaen c6ngqiān měiyou hiizi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tēmen hEi měiyou hāizi.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">Xiibizāi ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta c6ngqi£n tū hui shuō Děguo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā h£i bō. hui shuō Děguo hud.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 12pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">hu&amp;. Xiānzii ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font32">了</span><span class="font24">* Ta c6ngqi&amp;a bd xiSng xiiě YIngwěn. Tā hāi xiEng xuě Yīngvěn.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 60pt 36pt;"><span class="font24">XiiLnz^i ne?</span></p>
<p style="padding:60pt 0pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">J. </span><span class="font24" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation</span><span class="font24"> Drill</span></p>
<p style="padding:12pt 4pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">1, Speaker: Tā cSngqian bd. hui xiS You; Tā c6ngqiān Wi hui xiS, </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">xiinzki </span><span class="font24">Zhōngguo </span><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">zl.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hui xiě le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) now he can &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(In the past he couldn^t write;</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(In the past he couldntt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;now he can.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 236pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">write Chinese characters. )</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:0pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">OR Tā c6ngq,i£n hui xi§ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā c6ngq.iān hui xiě, xiānzaii Wi</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngguo </span><span class="font25" style="font-style:italic;">zi.</span><span class="font24"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hui xi§ le.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) no longer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(In the past he could write;</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font22">(In the past he could &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;now he can't.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 236pt 12pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">write Chinese characters- )</span></p>
<p style="text-align:right;padding:12pt 4pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">OR Ta congqian bd hui xiě &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā cSngqian Tdu hui xiě, xianzai</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">Zhōngguo zi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hai bii hui xiě*</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">(cue) still can<sup>f</sup>t &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(In the past he couldn**t write;</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font23">(In the past he couldn<sup>f</sup>t &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;now he still can<sup>f</sup>t.)</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;padding:0pt 236pt 0pt 87pt;"><span class="font24">write Chinese characters. )</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font22">2_ Tā congqian &quot;bu dong Fāwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā congqian &quot;bu dSng, xiěnzai dSng le. </span><span class="font23">now he can</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">3. Ta cSngqian dong Favěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tǎ congqian dong, xianzai bň dong le. </span><span class="font23">no longer</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 0pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font22">U. Ta congqiān </span><span class="font22" style="font-style:italic;">t\i</span><span class="font22"> dong Fawěn• &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā cSngqian &quot;bň dSng</span><span class="font29">，</span><span class="font22">xis^izāi hai bň</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font22">still can<sup>f</sup>t &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dong.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā congqian bxi xiǎng xuě YIngwěn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā c6ngq.iān bu xiang xuě, xianzai </span><span class="font23">nov he does &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiang xuě le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font23">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta congqian xiǎng xuě Yīngwěn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta cSngqian </span><span class="font22">xiSng </span><span class="font23">xuě, xianzai bň no longer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xiǎng xuě le.</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 20pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font23">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta congqiin bō xiang xiil YIngwěn, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta congqian bu xiang xuě, xianzai hai still doesn't &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bň xiǎng xuě.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 393pt;"><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">4</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font24">8. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta congqian Tdō. nian lishJ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā cěngqiaxi btS nian, xianzai nian le.. </span><span class="font23">now he does</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 20pt 9pt 24pt;"><span class="font23">9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tǎ cSngqian nian lishī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tā c6ngqiin nian, xianzai bu nian le. no longer</span></p>
<p style="padding:9pt 20pt 0pt 24pt;"><span class="font23">10. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta cSngqian bu niěn lishi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ta cSngqian bū nian, xianziti hai bfi still doesn<sup>f</sup>t &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nian.</span></p>
<p><span class="font16">228</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark75"><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup></a></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 10pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">The first version of each example is in the Pinyin system of romanization. The second</span><span class="font32">，</span><span class="font24"> parenthesized version is the conventional, or anglicized, spelling,</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark87"><sup><a href="#footnote2">2</a></sup></a></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 22pt 0pt 15pt;"><span class="font24"> Another word for ” restaurant” is fSnguSnzi, The general word for &quot;hotel<sup>11</sup> is luguSn.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark88"><sup><a href="#footnote3">3</a></sup></a></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 26pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">The word di- is sometimes translated <sup>ff</sup>number,<sup>M</sup> as in diyl，&quot;numter one•” (See resource module on Numbers, tape U.)</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark90"><sup><a href="#footnote4">4</a></sup></a></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 20pt 0pt 2pt;"><span class="font24">A fev nonns referring to people may be made explicitly plural &quot;by adding -men- haizimen can only &quot;be ''children</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark91"><sup><a href="#footnote5">5</a></sup></a></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 50pt 0pt 3pt;"><span class="font24">Jiū has several other meanings, vhich will be presented to you as you continue through this course.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark98"><sup><a href="#footnote6">6</a></sup></a></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font24">This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark99"><sup><a href="#footnote7">7</a></sup></a></p>
<p><span class="font24"><sup>t1fc</sup>This exchange occurs on the P-l tape only.</span></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 4pt;"><span class="font23">Ages may also be asked and given vithout using the new-situation le_.</span></p>
<p><a name="bookmark103"><sup><a href="#footnote8">8</a></sup></a></p>
<p style="padding:0pt 0pt 6pt 8pt;"><span class="font24">This exchange occurs on the C-l tape only.</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;padding:6pt 5pt 0pt 0pt;"><span class="font24">179</span></p>
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