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FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText.htm

FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText.htm 509 KB
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  25. </style>
    26. 

  26. </head>
    27. 

  27. <body>
    28. 

  28. <p><span class="font1">CM 0185 S</span></p><a name="caption1"></a>
    29. 

  29. <h1><a name="bookmark0"></a><span class="font10" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark1"></a>STANDARD CHINESE</span></h1>
    30. 

  30. <p><span class="font8">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
    31. 

  31. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">STUDENT TEXT</span></p>
    32. 

  32. <p><span class="font8">MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION</span></p>
    33. 

  33. <p><span class="font8">MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></p>
    34. 

  34. <p><span class="font3">SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE J</span></p>
    35. 

  35. <p><span class="font3">UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS</span></p>
    36. 

  36. <p><span class="font12">INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO</span></p>
    37. 

  37. <p><span class="font12">DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE</span></p>
    38. 

  38. <p><span class="font12">FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER</span></p>
    39. 

  39. <p><span class="font12">NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 939^0</span></p>
    40. 

  40. <p><span class="font12">TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES ETC., WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF VIEW ARE SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY FIND THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSATIONS OR WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE PRESENCE OF CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN THESE MATERIALS IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS OF THE WRITERS, OF THE DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT.</span></p>
    41. 

  41. <p><span class="font12">IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS &quot;HE,&quot; &quot;HIM,&quot; AND &quot;HIS&quot; DENOTE BOTH MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT APPLY TO TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.</span></p>
    42. 

  42. <h2><a name="bookmark2"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark3"></a>STANDARD CHINESE</span></h2>
    43. 

  43. <h3><a name="bookmark4"></a><span class="font6"><a name="bookmark5"></a>A MODULAR APPROACH</span></h3>
    44. 

  44. <p><span class="font5" style="font-weight:bold;">STUDENT TEXT</span></p>
    45. 

  45. <p><span class="font5">MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></p>
    46. 

  46. <p><span class="font2">AUGUST 1979</span></p>
    47. 

  47. <h6><a name="bookmark6"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark7"></a>PREFACE</span></h6>
    48. 

  48. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font12"> originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei.</span></p>
    49. 

  49. <p><span class="font12">The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</span></p>
    50. 

  50. <p><span class="font12">A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).</span></p>
    51. 

  51. <p><span class="font12">The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</span></p>
    52. 

  52. <p><span class="font12">Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.</span></p>
    53. 

  53. <p><span class="font12">Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.</span></p>
    54. 

  54. <p><span class="font12">All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</span></p>
    55. 

  55. <p><span class="font12">Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.</span></p>
    56. 

  56. <p><span class="font12">The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</span></p>
    57. 

  57. <p><span class="font12">The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</span></p>
    58. 

  58. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font12"> was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia.</span></p>
    59. 

  59. <p><span class="font12">Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">_</span></p>
    60. 

  60. <p><span class="font12">James R. Frith, Chairman</span></p>
    61. 

  61. <p><span class="font12">Qninese Core Curriculum Project Board</span></p>
    62. 

  62. <h5><a name="bookmark8"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark9"></a>CONTENTS</span></h5>
    63. 

  63. <p><a href="#bookmark6"><span class="font12">Preface</span></a></p>
    64. 

  64. <p><span class="font12">MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION</span></p>
    65. 

  65. <p><a href="#bookmark10"><span class="font12">Objectives </span></a></p>
    66. 

  66. <p><a href="#bookmark11"><span class="font12">Map of Beijing</span></a></p>
    67. 

  67. <p><a href="#bookmark12"><span class="font12">Map of Taipei</span></a></p>
    68. 

  68. <p><a href="#bookmark13"><span class="font12">Target Lists </span></a></p>
    69. 

  69. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 1</span></p>
    70. 

  70. <p><a href="#bookmark14"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
    71. 

  71. <p><a href="#bookmark15"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    72. 

  72. <p><a href="#bookmark16"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    73. 

  73. <p><span class="font12">Using buses</span></p>
    74. 

  74. <p><span class="font12">’’When&quot;</span></p>
    75. 

  75. <p><span class="font12">&quot;First,&quot; &quot;last,&quot; &quot;next,&quot; &quot;previous&quot;</span></p>
    76. 

  76. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duō</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be many,&quot; and. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be few&quot;</span></p>
    77. 

  77. <p><a href="#bookmark17"><span class="font12">Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation) </span></a></p>
    78. 

  78. <p><a href="#bookmark18"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    79. 

  79. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 2</span></p>
    80. 

  80. <p><a href="#bookmark19"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
    81. 

  81. <p><a href="#bookmark20"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    82. 

  82. <p><a href="#bookmark21"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    83. 

  83. <p><span class="font12">The marker a and its variant </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ya</span></p>
    84. 

  84. <p><span class="font12">The locational endings -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shang</span><span class="font12"> and -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">li</span></p>
    85. 

  85. <p><span class="font12">More on the marker ba</span></p>
    86. 

  86. <p><span class="font12">The aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span></p>
    87. 

  87. <p><a href="#bookmark22"><span class="font12">&quot;Then&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">j iù</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái </span><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    88. 

  88. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 3 Reference List</span></p>
    89. 

  89. <p><a href="#bookmark23"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    90. 

  90. <p><a href="#bookmark24"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    91. 

  91. <p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span></p>
    92. 

  92. <p><a href="#bookmark25"><span class="font12">Adverbs expressing manner Drills</span></a></p>
    93. 

  93. <p><a href="#bookmark26"><span class="font12">UNIT U Reference List</span></a></p>
    94. 

  94. <p><a href="#bookmark27"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    95. 

  95. <p><a href="#bookmark28"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    96. 

  96. <p><span class="font12">Choice questions with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">háishi</span></p>
    97. 

  97. <p><span class="font12">More on topics and comments</span></p>
    98. 

  98. <p><a href="#bookmark29"><span class="font12">Compound verbs of result Drills</span></a></p>
    99. 

  99. <p><a href="#bookmark30"><span class="font12">UNIT 5 Reference List</span></a></p>
    100. 

  100. <p><a href="#bookmark31"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    101. 

  101. <p><a href="#bookmark32"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    102. 

  102. <p><span class="font12">Distances</span></p>
    103. 

  103. <p><span class="font12">Approximate numbers</span></p>
    104. 

  104. <p><a href="#bookmark33"><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ban</span><span class="font12">, &quot;one half&quot; Drills</span></a></p>
    105. 

  105. <p><a href="#bookmark34"><span class="font12">UNIT 6 Reference List ................. .....</span></a></p>
    106. 

  106. <p><a href="#bookmark35"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    107. 

  107. <p><a href="#bookmark36"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    108. 

  108. <p><span class="font12">More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)</span></p>
    109. 

  109. <p><span class="font12">Compound verbs of direction</span></p>
    110. 

  110. <p><a href="#bookmark37"><span class="font12">More on new-situation </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le </span><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    111. 

  111. <p><a href="#bookmark38"><span class="font12">UNIT 7 Reference List</span></a></p>
    112. 

  112. <p><a href="#bookmark39"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    113. 

  113. <p><a href="#bookmark40"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    114. 

  114. <p><span class="font12">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
    115. 

  115. <p><span class="font12">&quot;If&quot;</span></p>
    116. 

  116. <p><a href="#bookmark41"><span class="font12">Vocabulary Booster (Animals) </span></a></p>
    117. 

  117. <p><a href="#bookmark42"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    118. 

  118. <p><a href="#bookmark43"><span class="font12">UNIT 8 Reference List</span></a></p>
    119. 

  119. <p><a href="#bookmark44"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    120. 

  120. <p><a href="#bookmark45"><span class="font12">Reference Notes .</span></a></p>
    121. 

  121. <p><span class="font12">&quot;Why&quot; and &quot;because&quot;</span></p>
    122. 

  122. <p><span class="font12">Time </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">NOT</span><span class="font12"> spent</span></p>
    123. 

  123. <p><span class="font12">&quot;All,&quot; &quot;not all,&quot; &quot;all...not&quot;</span></p>
    124. 

  124. <p><a href="#bookmark46"><span class="font12">&quot;Again&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài </span><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    125. 

  125. <p><span class="font12">MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></p>
    126. 

  126. <p><a href="#bookmark47"><span class="font12">Objectives</span></a></p>
    127. 

  127. <p><a href="#bookmark48"><span class="font12">Target Lists </span></a></p>
    128. 

  128. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 1 Reference List</span></p>
    129. 

  129. <p><a href="#bookmark49"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    130. 

  130. <p><a href="#bookmark50"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    131. 

  131. <p><span class="font12">Making an appointment</span></p>
    132. 

  132. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font12"> for &quot;and&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12"> for &quot;with&quot;</span></p>
    133. 

  133. <p><span class="font12">Three words for &quot;time&quot;</span></p>
    134. 

  134. <p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to,&quot; &quot;towards,&quot; &quot;facing&quot;</span></p>
    135. 

  135. <p><span class="font12">Comparisons: &quot;more than&quot;</span></p>
    136. 

  136. <p><span class="font12">More on compound verbs of result Drills..........................155</span></p>
    137. 

  137. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 2</span></p>
    138. 

  138. <p><a href="#bookmark51"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
    139. 

  139. <p><a href="#bookmark52"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    140. 

  140. <p><a href="#bookmark53"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    141. 

  141. <p><span class="font12">Making phone calls</span></p>
    142. 

  142. <p><span class="font12">The aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> for ongoing action &quot;Whatever,&quot; &quot;whenever,&quot; &quot;whoever,&quot; &quot;wherever&quot;</span></p>
    143. 

  143. <p><span class="font12">Verbs and general objects</span></p>
    144. 

  144. <p><a href="#bookmark54"><span class="font12">Vocabulary Booster (Occupations) </span></a></p>
    145. 

  145. <p><a href="#bookmark55"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    146. 

  146. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 3</span></p>
    147. 

  147. <p><a href="#bookmark56"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
    148. 

  148. <p><a href="#bookmark57"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    149. 

  149. <p><a href="#bookmark58"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    150. 

  150. <p><span class="font12">Extending an invitation</span></p>
    151. 

  151. <p><span class="font12">&quot;Not only...but also...&quot;</span></p>
    152. 

  152. <p><span class="font12">Comparisons: &quot;equal to,&quot; &quot;alike&quot;</span></p>
    153. 

  153. <p><span class="font12">&quot;Anyone,&quot; &quot;anything,&quot; &quot;anyplace,&quot; &quot;anytime&quot;</span></p>
    154. 

  154. <p><span class="font12">Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs &quot;Furthermore&quot;</span></p>
    155. 

  155. <p><a href="#bookmark59"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    156. 

  156. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 1</span></p>
    157. 

  157. <p><a href="#bookmark60"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
    158. 

  158. <p><a href="#bookmark61"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    159. 

  159. <p><a href="#bookmark62"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    160. 

  160. <p><span class="font12">Meeting people</span></p>
    161. 

  161. <p><span class="font12">More on completion </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span></p>
    162. 

  162. <p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;facing&quot;</span></p>
    163. 

  163. <p><a href="#bookmark63"><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duō</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shǎo</span><span class="font12"> as adverbs Vocabulary Booster (Opposites) </span></a></p>
    164. 

  164. <p><a href="#bookmark64"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    165. 

  165. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 5</span></p>
    166. 

  166. <p><a href="#bookmark65"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
    167. 

  167. <p><a href="#bookmark66"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    168. 

  168. <p><a href="#bookmark67"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    169. 

  169. <p><span class="font12">Taking and leaving messages</span></p>
    170. 

  170. <p><span class="font12">Changing an appointment</span></p>
    171. 

  171. <p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span></p>
    172. 

  172. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gāngcái</span></p>
    173. 

  173. <p><span class="font12">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
    174. 

  174. <p><a href="#bookmark68"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    175. 

  175. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 6</span></p>
    176. 

  176. <p><a href="#bookmark69"><span class="font12">Reference List</span></a></p>
    177. 

  177. <p><a href="#bookmark70"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    178. 

  178. <p><a href="#bookmark71"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    179. 

  179. <p><span class="font12">Invitation to lunch</span></p>
    180. 

  180. <p><span class="font12">Comparisons: &quot;less than&quot; &quot;even more&quot;</span></p>
    181. 

  181. <p><span class="font12">Comparison overview</span></p>
    182. 

  182. <p><span class="font12">Sentence patterns: &quot;although&quot; and &quot;both...and...&quot; Drills..........................235</span></p>
    183. 

  183. <p><span class="font12">UNIT T</span></p>
    184. 

  184. <p><span class="font12">Reference List......................2U1</span></p>
    185. 

  185. <p><span class="font12">Vocabulary........................2^3</span></p>
    186. 

  186. <p><span class="font12">Reference Notes ...................... 2hU</span></p>
    187. 

  187. <p><span class="font12">Arranging an introduction</span></p>
    188. 

  188. <p><span class="font12">Using word order to express &quot;the&quot; and &quot;a&quot;</span></p>
    189. 

  189. <p><span class="font12">Objects of reduplicated verbs</span></p>
    190. 

  190. <p><span class="font12">Three-part motion verbs</span></p>
    191. 

  191. <p><span class="font12">Verbs for &quot;remember&quot; and &quot;forget&quot;</span></p>
    192. 

  192. <p><a href="#bookmark72"><span class="font12">Drills</span></a></p>
    193. 

  193. <p><span class="font12">UNIT 8</span></p>
    194. 

  194. <p><a href="#bookmark73"><span class="font12">Reference List.................... &nbsp;.</span></a></p>
    195. 

  195. <p><a href="#bookmark74"><span class="font12">Vocabulary</span></a></p>
    196. 

  196. <p><a href="#bookmark75"><span class="font12">Reference Notes </span></a></p>
    197. 

  197. <p><span class="font12">Declining invitations</span></p>
    198. 

  198. <p><span class="font12">The prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;in place of&quot;</span></p>
    199. 

  199. <p><span class="font12">More on compound verbs of result</span></p>
    200. 

  200. <p><span class="font12">Comparison: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">něng</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huì</span></p>
    201. 

  201. <p><span class="font12">Drills..........................266</span></p>
    202. 

  202. <h4><a name="bookmark76"></a><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark77"></a>MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING</span></h4>
    203. 

  203. <p><span class="font12">The Meeting Module (MTG) will provide you with the skills needed to arrange meetings or social gatherings, to greet people, to make introductions, and to accept or decline invitations in Chinese.</span></p>
    204. 

  204. <p><span class="font12">Before starting this module, you must take and pass the TRN Criterion Test.</span></p>
    205. 

  205. <p><span class="font12">The MTG Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, hut material from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, TRN, and associated resource modules is also included.</span></p>
    206. 

  206. <h5><a name="bookmark10"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark78"></a>OBJECTIVES</span></h5>
    207. 

  207. <p><span class="font12">Upon successful completion of this module, the student should he able to</span></p>
    208. 

  208. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    209. 

  209. <p><span class="font12">1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists.</span></p></li>
    210. 

  210. <li>
    211. 

  211. <p><span class="font12">2. Say any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists when cued with its English equivalent.</span></p></li>
    212. 

  212. <li>
    213. 

  213. <p><span class="font12">3. Make and respond to introductions with appropriate polite questions and answers.</span></p></li></ul>
    214. 

  214. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    215. 

  215. <p><span class="font12">U. Make phone calls and leave messages.</span></p></li></ul>
    216. 

  216. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    217. 

  217. <p><span class="font12">5. Arrange a meeting (time and place) with someone hy talking with him or his secretary either in person or hy phone.</span></p></li>
    218. 

  218. <li>
    219. 

  219. <p><span class="font12">6. Request that the time of a meeting he changed.</span></p></li>
    220. 

  220. <li>
    221. 

  221. <p><span class="font12">7. Invite a person to lunch, deciding on the time and the restaurant.</span></p></li>
    222. 

  222. <li>
    223. 

  223. <p><span class="font12">8. Arrange a social gathering for a specific time of day, inviting guests to his home and encouraging them to accept the invitation.</span></p></li>
    224. 

  224. <li>
    225. 

  225. <p><span class="font12">9. Greet guests upon their arrival at his home.</span></p></li>
    226. 

  226. <li>
    227. 

  227. <p><span class="font12">10. Accept/decline a social/husiness invitation with the appropriate degree of politeness.</span></p></li></ul>
    228. 

  228. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    229. 

  229. <p><span class="font12">1. Wei, nl shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    230. 

  230. <p><span class="font12">Shi. Nín shi něiwèi?</span></p>
    231. 

  231. <p><span class="font12">W3 shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.</span></p>
    232. 

  232. <p><span class="font12">Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jièn.</span></p>
    233. 

  233. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    234. 

  234. <p><span class="font12">2. W3 y8u diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li>
    235. 

  235. <li>
    236. 

  236. <p><span class="font12">3. Nín y3u gōngfu meiyou?</span></p></li></ul>
    237. 

  237. <p><span class="font12">U. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?</span></p>
    238. 

  238. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    239. 

  239. <p><span class="font12">5. Sāndiǎn bi liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr. Yīnwei w3 yìhuir chūqu, yěxǔ liangdian huíbulái.</span></p></li></ul>
    240. 

  240. <p><span class="font12">Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì děng nín.</span></p>
    241. 

  241. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    242. 

  242. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    243. 

  243. <p><span class="font12">6. huídelǎi</span></p></li>
    244. 

  244. <li>
    245. 

  245. <p><span class="font12">7. k3ng(r)</span></p></li>
    246. 

  246. <li>
    247. 

  247. <p><span class="font12">8. loushàng</span></p></li>
    248. 

  248. <li>
    249. 

  249. <p><span class="font12">9. shāngliang</span></p></li>
    250. 

  250. <li>
    251. 

  251. <p><span class="font12">10. y3u kòng(r)</span></p></li></ul>
    252. 

  252. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?</span></p>
    253. 

  253. <p><span class="font12">Yes. Who is this, please?</span></p>
    254. 

  254. <p><span class="font12">I’m William Martin.</span></p>
    255. 

  255. <p><span class="font12">Oh, Mr. Martin— I haven’t seen you for a long time.</span></p>
    256. 

  256. <p><span class="font12">I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.</span></p>
    257. 

  257. <p><span class="font12">Do you have any free time?</span></p>
    258. 

  258. <p><span class="font12">What time would suit you?</span></p>
    259. 

  259. <p><span class="font12">Three would be more convenient than two. Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back by two.</span></p>
    260. 

  260. <p><span class="font12">Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock.</span></p>
    261. 

  261. <p><span class="font12">to be able to get back in time free time, spare time upstairs</span></p>
    262. 

  262. <p><span class="font12">to discuss, to talk over to have free time</span></p>
    263. 

  263. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    264. 

  264. <p><span class="font12">1. Wei, Měidàsī.</span></p></li></ul>
    265. 

  265. <p><span class="font12">W3 shi Jiānádà Dàshiguānde Qiāozhì Dāfēi. W8 y8u yíjiàn shi xiāng gēn Wèng Kēzhang jiǎng-yijiǎng.</span></p>
    266. 

  266. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    267. 

  267. <p><span class="font12">2. WÉng Kēzhāng xiànzài zài kāi huì. Deng tā kāiwèn huì w8 gàosong tā gēi ni hui diànhuà.</span></p></li>
    268. 

  268. <li>
    269. 

  269. <p><span class="font12">3. Hao, xièxie ni.</span></p></li></ul>
    270. 

  270. <p><span class="font12">Bú xiè.</span></p>
    271. 

  271. <p><span class="font12">U. NÌ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wo méi shiJian gēn ni shuō huà.</span></p>
    272. 

  272. <p><span class="font12">Mei guānxi.</span></p>
    273. 

  273. <p><span class="font12">W8 gěi ni da diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tāntan.</span></p>
    274. 

  274. <p><span class="font12">Nī míngtiān néng bu néng dào wo zhèr lái?</span></p>
    275. 

  275. <p><span class="font12">Keyi. Míngtiān shēnme shíhou dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    276. 

  276. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.</span></p>
    277. 

  277. <p><span class="font12">I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wāng.</span></p>
    278. 

  278. <p><span class="font12">Section Chief Wáng is at a meeting now. When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your call.</span></p>
    279. 

  279. <p><span class="font12">Fine. Thank you.</span></p>
    280. 

  280. <p><span class="font12">Don’t mention it.</span></p>
    281. 

  281. <p><span class="font12">When you called here, I didn’t have time to speak with you.</span></p>
    282. 

  282. <p><span class="font12">It doesn’t matter.</span></p>
    283. 

  283. <p><span class="font12">The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.</span></p>
    284. 

  284. <p><span class="font12">Can you come over here tomorrow?</span></p>
    285. 

  285. <p><span class="font12">Yes. Any time tomorrow would be fine.</span></p>
    286. 

  286. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    287. 

  287. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    288. 

  288. <p><span class="font12">6. guānxi</span></p></li>
    289. 

  289. <li>
    290. 

  290. <p><span class="font12">7. Jiang huà</span></p></li>
    291. 

  291. <li>
    292. 

  292. <p><span class="font12">8. lingshiguǎn</span></p></li>
    293. 

  293. <li>
    294. 

  294. <p><span class="font12">9. shìqing (yíjiàn)</span></p></li>
    295. 

  295. <li>
    296. 

  296. <p><span class="font12">10. sīzhang</span></p></li>
    297. 

  297. <li>
    298. 

  298. <p><span class="font12">11. you guānxi relation, relationship, connection to speak, to talk; a speech consulate</span></p></li></ul>
    299. 

  299. <p><span class="font12">matter, business, affair department chief</span></p>
    300. 

  300. <p><span class="font12">to relate to, to have a bearing on, to matter</span></p>
    301. 

  301. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    302. 

  302. <p><span class="font12">1. Wo xiǎng xiàge Xīngqīliù qīng nín dào women jiā lái chī ge biùnfàn.</span></p></li></ul>
    303. 

  303. <p><span class="font12">Nín hébì zhème kèqi?</span></p>
    304. 

  304. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    305. 

  305. <p><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span><span class="font12"> Wo you yige Měiguo péngyou zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo shū. Hen xiSng gěi nīmen liangwèi Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p></li></ul>
    306. 

  306. <p><span class="font12">Na tài hao leI</span></p>
    307. 

  307. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    308. 

  308. <p><span class="font12">3. Wo hen xīwang gěn ni péngyou tāntan.</span></p></li></ul>
    309. 

  309. <p><span class="font12">Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.</span></p>
    310. 

  310. <p><span class="font12">Búdàn shuōde bù hao, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.</span></p>
    311. 

  311. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    312. 

  312. <p><span class="font12">U. Nī shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hao.</span></p></li></ul>
    313. 

  313. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    314. 

  314. <p><span class="font12">5. Wo méi qīng shénme rén; hen suíbiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
    315. 

  315. <p><span class="font12">Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.</span></p>
    316. 

  316. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    317. 

  317. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    318. 

  318. <p><span class="font12">6. bù tong</span></p></li>
    319. 

  319. <li>
    320. 

  320. <p><span class="font12">7. chá</span></p></li>
    321. 

  321. <li>
    322. 

  322. <p><span class="font12">8. chī fan</span></p></li>
    323. 

  323. <li>
    324. 

  324. <p><span class="font12">9. dànshi</span></p></li>
    325. 

  325. <li>
    326. 

  326. <p><span class="font12">10. érqiě</span></p></li>
    327. 

  327. <li>
    328. 

  328. <p><span class="font12">11. fan</span></p></li>
    329. 

  329. <li>
    330. 

  330. <p><span class="font12">12. he</span></p></li>
    331. 

  331. <li>
    332. 

  332. <p><span class="font12">13. Jiāo shū</span></p></li></ul>
    333. 

  333. <p><span class="font12">I would like to invite you to come to our house for a simple meal on Saturday of next week.</span></p>
    334. 

  334. <p><span class="font12">Why is it necessary to be so polite?</span></p>
    335. 

  335. <p><span class="font12">I have an American friend who teaches at Taiwan University. I would very much like to introduce the two of you.</span></p>
    336. 

  336. <p><span class="font12">That's wonderful’</span></p>
    337. 

  337. <p><span class="font12">I wish very much to talk with your friend.</span></p>
    338. 

  338. <p><span class="font12">However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.</span></p>
    339. 

  339. <p><span class="font12">Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I hear either.</span></p>
    340. 

  340. <p><span class="font12">You speak as well as an American.</span></p>
    341. 

  341. <p><span class="font12">I haven’t invited anyone special; it’s very informal.</span></p>
    342. 

  342. <p><span class="font12">Well then, I'll thank you in advance.</span></p>
    343. 

  343. <p><span class="font12">to be different</span></p>
    344. 

  344. <p><span class="font12">tea</span></p>
    345. 

  345. <p><span class="font12">to eat, to have a meal</span></p>
    346. 

  346. <p><span class="font12">but</span></p>
    347. 

  347. <p><span class="font12">furthermore, moreover (cooked) rice</span></p>
    348. 

  348. <p><span class="font12">to drink</span></p>
    349. 

  349. <p><span class="font12">to teach</span></p>
    350. 

  350. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    351. 

  351. <p><span class="font12">1. He Jiàoshòu, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qǐng jin.</span></p></li></ul>
    352. 

  352. <p><span class="font12">Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.</span></p>
    353. 

  353. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    354. 

  354. <p><span class="font12">2. Wo zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuī huà.</span></p></li></ul>
    355. 

  355. <p><span class="font12">Tèhié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.</span></p>
    356. 

  356. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    357. 

  357. <p><span class="font12">3. Zhèiwèi shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiao shū.</span></p></li></ul>
    358. 

  358. <p><span class="font12">Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.</span></p>
    359. 

  359. <p><span class="font12">1. Wo hái you hěn duō bù shōuxide dìfang yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào.</span></p>
    360. 

  360. <p><span class="font12">Professor Hollins, welcome. Pie come in.</span></p>
    361. 

  361. <p><span class="font12">Here is a small token of appreciation.</span></p>
    362. 

  362. <p><span class="font12">I know you like landscape painting</span></p>
    363. 

  363. <p><span class="font12">I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.</span></p>
    364. 

  364. <p><span class="font12">This is Professor Hollins, who teaches at Taiwan University.</span></p>
    365. 

  365. <p><span class="font12">Glad to meet you.</span></p>
    366. 

  366. <p><span class="font12">There is still much I’m not famil with that I need to ask your advice about.</span></p>
    367. 

  367. <div>
    368. 

  368. <p><span class="font12">5. Xīwang yǐhòu y3u jīhui duō &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I hope that in the future we will</span></p>
    369. 

  369. <p><span class="font12">jiànmiàn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have an opportunity to meet mor</span></p>
    370. 

  370. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY</span></p>
    371. 

  371. <p><span class="font12">(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    372. 

  372. </div><br clear="all">
    373. 

  373. <div>
    374. 

  374. <table border="1">
    375. 

  375. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    376. 

  376. <p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    377. 

  377. <p><span class="font12">fāngfǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    378. 

  378. <p><span class="font12">method, way, means</span></p></td></tr>
    379. 

  379. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    380. 

  380. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    381. 

  381. <p><span class="font12">fázi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    382. 

  382. <p><span class="font12">method, way</span></p></td></tr>
    383. 

  383. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    384. 

  384. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    385. 

  385. <p><span class="font12">huàr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    386. 

  386. <p><span class="font12">painting (Beijing pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
    387. 

  387. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    388. 

  388. <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    389. 

  389. <p><span class="font12">qǐng zuo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    390. 

  390. <p><span class="font12">please sit down</span></p></td></tr>
    391. 

  391. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    392. 

  392. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    393. 

  393. <p><span class="font12">shèhuìxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    394. 

  394. <p><span class="font12">sociology</span></p></td></tr>
    395. 

  395. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    396. 

  396. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    397. 

  397. <p><span class="font12">túshūguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    398. 

  398. <p><span class="font12">library</span></p></td></tr>
    399. 

  399. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    400. 

  400. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    401. 

  401. <p><span class="font12">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    402. 

  402. <p><span class="font12">to sit</span></p></td></tr>
    403. 

  403. </table>
    404. 

  404. </div><br clear="all">
    405. 

  405. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    406. 

  406. <p><span class="font12">1. Wài.</span></p></li></ul>
    407. 

  407. <p><span class="font12">Wei, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn SIzhang shuō huà.</span></p>
    408. 

  408. <p><span class="font12">Nín shi nǎr a?</span></p>
    409. 

  409. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ shi Fǎguo Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.</span></p>
    410. 

  410. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    411. 

  411. <p><span class="font12">2. Lin Sīzhǎng zhèihuǐr hú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?</span></p></li>
    412. 

  412. <li>
    413. 

  413. <p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr xiěxiàlái.</span></p></li></ul>
    414. 

  414. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    415. 

  415. <p><span class="font12">H. Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.</span></p></li></ul>
    416. 

  416. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    417. 

  417. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole Jīntiān dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan.</span></p></li></ul>
    418. 

  418. <p><span class="font12">Yīnwei wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suóyi bù néng Jīntiān qù.</span></p>
    419. 

  419. <p><span class="font12">Gài dào míngtiān xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
    420. 

  420. <p><span class="font12">Hello.</span></p>
    421. 

  421. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief Lin.</span></p>
    422. 

  422. <p><span class="font12">Who is this?</span></p>
    423. 

  423. <p><span class="font12">I am the French Commercial/Economics Officer.</span></p>
    424. 

  424. <p><span class="font12">Department Chief LÍn is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?</span></p>
    425. 

  425. <p><span class="font12">I’ll write down your phone number.</span></p>
    426. 

  426. <p><span class="font12">I’m sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn’t in.</span></p>
    427. 

  427. <p><span class="font12">The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office today for a talk.</span></p>
    428. 

  428. <p><span class="font12">Because I have an urgent business matter, I can’t go today.</span></p>
    429. 

  429. <p><span class="font12">Would it be all right to change it Cthe appointment] to tomorrow?</span></p>
    430. 

  430. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    431. 

  431. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    432. 

  432. <p><span class="font12">6. háishi</span></p></li>
    433. 

  433. <li>
    434. 

  434. <p><span class="font12">7. wàiguo</span></p></li>
    435. 

  435. <li>
    436. 

  436. <p><span class="font12">8. wàiguo rén</span></p></li>
    437. 

  437. <li>
    438. 

  438. <p><span class="font12">9. wūzi (yìjiān)</span></p></li>
    439. 

  439. <li>
    440. 

  440. <p><span class="font12">10. yāo</span></p></li></ul>
    441. 

  441. <p><span class="font12">still</span></p>
    442. 

  442. <p><span class="font12">foreign, abroad</span></p>
    443. 

  443. <p><span class="font12">foreigner (non-Chinese)</span></p>
    444. 

  444. <p><span class="font12">room</span></p>
    445. 

  445. <p><span class="font12">one (telephone pronunciation)</span></p>
    446. 

  446. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    447. 

  447. <p><span class="font12">1. Women dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
    448. 

  448. <p><span class="font12">Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài name hǎo.</span></p>
    449. 

  449. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    450. 

  450. <p><span class="font12">2. Suírǎn bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí zhèli Jin.</span></p></li></ul>
    451. 

  451. <p><span class="font12">Hǎi you yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jin.</span></p>
    452. 

  452. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    453. 

  453. <p><span class="font12">3. Tāmen nàlide cài fēichǎng hǎo. Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.</span></p></li></ul>
    454. 

  454. <p><span class="font12">Nà bù hǎo yìsi!</span></p>
    455. 

  455. <p><span class="font12">U. Dàhuǎde cài you hǎo you piǎnyi.</span></p>
    456. 

  456. <p><span class="font12">Yě you hǎoxiē cài biéde dìfang chībuzhǎo.</span></p>
    457. 

  457. <p><span class="font12">5. Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.</span></p>
    458. 

  458. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    459. 

  459. <p><span class="font12">Let’s go to the East Gate Restaurant to eat lunch. Okay?</span></p>
    460. 

  460. <p><span class="font12">The food at the East Gate isn't as good as the food at the Great China.</span></p>
    461. 

  461. <p><span class="font12">Even though it CEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.</span></p>
    462. 

  462. <p><span class="font12">There is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.</span></p>
    463. 

  463. <p><span class="font12">The food there is extremely good. Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.</span></p>
    464. 

  464. <p><span class="font12">I can't let you do that!</span></p>
    465. 

  465. <p><span class="font12">(That would be too embarrassing!)</span></p>
    466. 

  466. <p><span class="font12">The food at the Great China is both good and cheap.</span></p>
    467. 

  467. <p><span class="font12">They also have a good many dishes that you can't find (at) other places.</span></p>
    468. 

  468. <p><span class="font12">Any place you suggest is sure to be good.</span></p>
    469. 

  469. <div>
    470. 

  470. <table border="1">
    471. 

  471. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    472. 

  472. <p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    473. 

  473. <p><span class="font12">bù yídìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    474. 

  474. <p><span class="font12">not necessarily; it's not definite</span></p></td></tr>
    475. 

  475. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    476. 

  476. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    477. 

  477. <p><span class="font12">kànfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    478. 

  478. <p><span class="font12">opinion, view</span></p></td></tr>
    479. 

  479. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    480. 

  480. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    481. 

  481. <p><span class="font12">wǎnfàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    482. 

  482. <p><span class="font12">supper, dinner</span></p></td></tr>
    483. 

  483. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    484. 

  484. <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    485. 

  485. <p><span class="font12">xiǎngfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    486. 

  486. <p><span class="font12">idea, opinion</span></p></td></tr>
    487. 

  487. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    488. 

  488. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    489. 

  489. <p><span class="font12">yìxiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    490. 

  490. <p><span class="font12">some, several, a few</span></p></td></tr>
    491. 

  491. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    492. 

  492. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    493. 

  493. <p><span class="font12">zǎofàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    494. 

  494. <p><span class="font12">breakfast</span></p></td></tr>
    495. 

  495. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    496. 

  496. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    497. 

  497. <p><span class="font12">zuòfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    498. 

  498. <p><span class="font12">way of doing things, method,</span></p></td></tr>
    499. 

  499. </table>
    500. 

  500. <p><span class="font12">practice</span></p>
    501. 

  501. </div><br clear="all">
    502. 

  502. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    503. 

  503. <p><span class="font12">1. Wǒ you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.</span></p></li></ul>
    504. 

  504. <p><span class="font12">Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.</span></p>
    505. 

  505. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    506. 

  506. <p><span class="font12">2. Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi shàngge lǐbài pài dào women zhèli laide.</span></p></li></ul>
    507. 

  507. <p><span class="font12">Zenme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?</span></p>
    508. 

  508. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    509. 

  509. <p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède.</span></p></li></ul>
    510. 

  510. <p><span class="font12">1+. Nǐ néng bu néng màshàng dào wo bàngōngshì lai?</span></p>
    511. 

  511. <p><span class="font12">Mei wèntí. Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu jiù dào.</span></p>
    512. 

  512. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    513. 

  513. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    514. 

  514. <p><span class="font12">5- jìde</span></p></li>
    515. 

  515. <li>
    516. 

  516. <p><span class="font12">6. rènde</span></p></li>
    517. 

  517. <li>
    518. 

  518. <p><span class="font12">7. renshi zì</span></p></li>
    519. 

  519. <li>
    520. 

  520. <p><span class="font12">8. wàng</span></p></li>
    521. 

  521. <li>
    522. 

  522. <p><span class="font12">9. wánquán</span></p></li>
    523. 

  523. <li>
    524. 

  524. <p><span class="font12">10. xiǎngqilai</span></p></li>
    525. 

  525. <li>
    526. 

  526. <p><span class="font12">11. zuǒyòu</span></p></li></ul>
    527. 

  527. <p><span class="font12">I have something I would like to ask you about.</span></p>
    528. 

  528. <p><span class="font12">I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fang join you. I have forgotten his given name.</span></p>
    529. 

  529. <p><span class="font12">That’s right. Fang Deming was sent over here last week.</span></p>
    530. 

  530. <p><span class="font12">Why? Do you know him?</span></p>
    531. 

  531. <p><span class="font12">I graduated from the University of California.</span></p>
    532. 

  532. <p><span class="font12">Can you come to my office right away?</span></p>
    533. 

  533. <p><span class="font12">No problem. I’ll be there in about half an hour.</span></p>
    534. 

  534. <p><span class="font12">to remember</span></p>
    535. 

  535. <p><span class="font12">to recognize, to know (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    536. 

  536. <p><span class="font12">to know how to read (literally, &quot;to recognize characters&quot;)</span></p>
    537. 

  537. <p><span class="font12">to forget (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàngji</span><span class="font12">, especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)</span></p>
    538. 

  538. <p><span class="font12">completely</span></p>
    539. 

  539. <p><span class="font12">to think of, to remember</span></p>
    540. 

  540. <p><span class="font12">approximately</span></p>
    541. 

  541. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    542. 

  542. <p><span class="font12">1. Wài, zhèi shi Llbīnsī.</span></p></li></ul>
    543. 

  543. <p><span class="font12">Wei, wǒ shi Laidēng Dàshīde mìshū.</span></p>
    544. 

  544. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    545. 

  545. <p><span class="font12">2. Dàshǐ jiēzháo nīmende qǐngtiě le.</span></p></li></ul>
    546. 

  546. <p><span class="font12">Hen kěxī yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lai.</span></p>
    547. 

  547. <p><span class="font12">Qīng ni zhuǎngào Qiao Bùzhǎng.</span></p>
    548. 

  548. <p><span class="font12">Hen bàoqiàn.</span></p>
    549. 

  549. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    550. 

  550. <p><span class="font12">3. Hen yíhàn, tā bù néng lai.</span></p></li></ul>
    551. 

  551. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.</span></p>
    552. 

  552. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    553. 

  553. <p><span class="font12">4. Xīwang yīhòu zài zhǎo jīhui jùyijù ba.</span></p></li>
    554. 

  554. <li>
    555. 

  555. <p><span class="font12">5. Zhēn bù qiǎo, méi bànfa qù.</span></p></li>
    556. 

  556. <li>
    557. 

  557. <p><span class="font12">6. Women you jige tǒngxué jìhua dào Chāngchéng qù wánr.</span></p></li></ul>
    558. 

  558. <p><span class="font12">Hello. This is the Protocol Department.</span></p>
    559. 

  559. <p><span class="font12">Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.</span></p>
    560. 

  560. <p><span class="font12">The ambassador received your invitation.</span></p>
    561. 

  561. <p><span class="font12">Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9.</span></p>
    562. 

  562. <p><span class="font12">Please inform Minister Qiao.</span></p>
    563. 

  563. <p><span class="font12">I’m very sorry.</span></p>
    564. 

  564. <p><span class="font12">We very much regret that he cannot come.</span></p>
    565. 

  565. <p><span class="font12">I will pass on the message for you.</span></p>
    566. 

  566. <p><span class="font12">I hope that later we will find another opportunity to get together.</span></p>
    567. 

  567. <p><span class="font12">I really couldn’t make that; I have no way of going.</span></p>
    568. 

  568. <p><span class="font12">A few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall for an outing.</span></p>
    569. 

  569. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    570. 

  570. <div>
    571. 

  571. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    572. 

  572. <p><span class="font12">7. dàjiā</span></p></li>
    573. 

  573. <li>
    574. 

  574. <p><span class="font12">8. jiēdào</span></p></li>
    575. 

  575. <li>
    576. 

  576. <p><span class="font12">9. tǒngshì</span></p></li>
    577. 

  577. <li>
    578. 

  578. <p><span class="font12">10. yīnggāi</span></p></li></ul>
    579. 

  579. </div><br clear="all">
    580. 

  580. <p><span class="font12">everybody, everyone</span></p>
    581. 

  581. <p><span class="font12">to receive (alternate form of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiēzháo</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    582. 

  582. <p><span class="font12">fellow worker, colleague</span></p>
    583. 

  583. <p><span class="font12">should, ought to, must</span></p>
    584. 

  584. <h5><a name="bookmark79"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark80"></a>UNIT 1</span></h5>
    585. 

  585. <h6><a name="bookmark14"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark81"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
    586. 

  586. <div>
    587. 

  587. <p><span class="font12">(in Beijing)</span></p>
    588. 

  588. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    589. 

  589. <p><span class="font12">1. B: Wěi.</span></p></li></ul>
    590. 

  590. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    591. 

  591. <p><span class="font12">A: Wài, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?</span></p></li>
    592. 

  592. <li>
    593. 

  593. <p><span class="font12">B: Shi. Nín shi nǎiwèi?</span></p></li></ul>
    594. 

  594. <p><span class="font12">A: WS shi Wēilièn Mǎdlng.</span></p>
    595. 

  595. <p><span class="font12">*B: Ou, Mǎdlng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiān. Nī hǎo a?</span></p>
    596. 

  596. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    597. 

  597. <p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo. Nī hǎo a?</span></p></li></ul>
    598. 

  598. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    599. 

  599. <p><span class="font12">2. A: W5 you diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiǎn tāntan.</span></p></li>
    600. 

  600. <li>
    601. 

  601. <p><span class="font12">3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
    602. 

  602. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    603. 

  603. <p><span class="font12">B: You gōngfu.</span></p></li></ul>
    604. 

  604. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    605. 

  605. <p><span class="font12">H. A: Shēnme shíhou duì nín heshi?</span></p></li></ul>
    606. 

  606. <p><span class="font12">B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kěyi.</span></p>
    607. 

  607. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Jīntiān xiàwu liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma?</span></p>
    608. 

  608. <p><span class="font12">B: Sāndiǎn bl liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr.</span></p>
    609. 

  609. <p><span class="font12">6. B: Yīnwei wō yìhuīr chūqu, yexǔ liǎngdiǎn huíbulǎi.</span></p>
    610. 

  610. <p><span class="font12">A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo.</span></p>
    611. 

  611. </div><br clear="all">
    612. 

  612. <div>
    613. 

  613. <p><span class="font12">Hello.</span></p>
    614. 

  614. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?</span></p>
    615. 

  615. <p><span class="font12">Yes. Who is this, please?</span></p>
    616. 

  616. <p><span class="font12">I’m William Martin.</span></p>
    617. 

  617. <p><span class="font12">Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you for quite a while. How are you?</span></p>
    618. 

  618. <p><span class="font12">Fine. How are you?</span></p>
    619. 

  619. <p><span class="font12">I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.</span></p>
    620. 

  620. <p><span class="font12">I don’t know whether you have the time or not.</span></p>
    621. 

  621. <p><span class="font12">I have the time.</span></p>
    622. 

  622. <p><span class="font12">What time would suit you?</span></p>
    623. 

  623. <p><span class="font12">Either today or tomorrow would be fine.</span></p>
    624. 

  624. <p><span class="font12">Would two o’clock today be convenient?</span></p>
    625. 

  625. <p><span class="font12">Three would be more convenient than two.</span></p>
    626. 

  626. <p><span class="font12">Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back by two.</span></p>
    627. 

  627. <p><span class="font12">Three is fine also.</span></p>
    628. 

  628. </div><br clear="all">
    629. 

  629. <p><span class="font12">* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape</span></p>
    630. 

  630. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    631. 

  631. <p><span class="font12">7. B: Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì deng nín.</span></p></li></ul>
    632. 

  632. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    633. 

  633. <p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn Jiàn.</span></p></li></ul>
    634. 

  634. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    635. 

  635. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    636. 

  636. <p><span class="font12">8. huídelǎi</span></p></li>
    637. 

  637. <li>
    638. 

  638. <p><span class="font12">9. kòng(r)</span></p></li>
    639. 

  639. <li>
    640. 

  640. <p><span class="font12">10. loushàng</span></p></li>
    641. 

  641. <li>
    642. 

  642. <p><span class="font12">11. shāngliang</span></p></li>
    643. 

  643. <li>
    644. 

  644. <p><span class="font12">12. yǎu k8ng(r)</span></p></li></ul>
    645. 

  645. <p><span class="font12">Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three o’clock.</span></p>
    646. 

  646. <p><span class="font12">Fine. I’ll see you at three.</span></p>
    647. 

  647. <p><span class="font12">to be able to get back in time</span></p>
    648. 

  648. <p><span class="font12">free time, spare time</span></p>
    649. 

  649. <p><span class="font12">upstairs</span></p>
    650. 

  650. <p><span class="font12">to discuss, to talk over</span></p>
    651. 

  651. <p><span class="font12">to have free time</span></p>
    652. 

  652. <h6><a name="bookmark15"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark82"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
    653. 

  653. <table border="1">
    654. 

  654. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    655. 

  655. <p><span class="font12">bl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    656. 

  656. <p><span class="font12">compared with, than</span></p></td></tr>
    657. 

  657. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    658. 

  658. <p><span class="font12">dāngmiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    659. 

  659. <p><span class="font12">in person, face to face</span></p></td></tr>
    660. 

  660. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    661. 

  661. <p><span class="font12">duì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    662. 

  662. <p><span class="font12">to, towards; with regard to, with</span></p></td></tr>
    663. 

  663. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    664. 

  664. <p><span class="font12">respect to</span></p></td></tr>
    665. 

  665. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    666. 

  666. <p><span class="font12">gongfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    667. 

  667. <p><span class="font12">free time, spare time</span></p></td></tr>
    668. 

  668. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    669. 

  669. <p><span class="font12">héshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    670. 

  670. <p><span class="font12">to be suitable, to be appropriate</span></p></td></tr>
    671. 

  671. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    672. 

  672. <p><span class="font12">to fit</span></p></td></tr>
    673. 

  673. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    674. 

  674. <p><span class="font12">huíbulái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    675. 

  675. <p><span class="font12">to be unable to get back</span></p></td></tr>
    676. 

  676. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    677. 

  677. <p><span class="font12">huídelái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    678. 

  678. <p><span class="font12">to be able to get back in time</span></p></td></tr>
    679. 

  679. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    680. 

  680. <p><span class="font12">huìkèshì (huìkèshì)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    681. 

  681. <p><span class="font12">reception room</span></p></td></tr>
    682. 

  682. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    683. 

  683. <p><span class="font12">kēzhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    684. 

  684. <p><span class="font12">section chief</span></p></td></tr>
    685. 

  685. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    686. 

  686. <p><span class="font12">kōng(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    687. 

  687. <p><span class="font12">free time, spare time</span></p></td></tr>
    688. 

  688. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    689. 

  689. <p><span class="font12">loushàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    690. 

  690. <p><span class="font12">upstairs</span></p></td></tr>
    691. 

  691. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    692. 

  692. <p><span class="font12">lōuxià</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    693. 

  693. <p><span class="font12">downstairs</span></p></td></tr>
    694. 

  694. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    695. 

  695. <p><span class="font12">name</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    696. 

  696. <p><span class="font12">well, then, in that case</span></p></td></tr>
    697. 

  697. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    698. 

  698. <p><span class="font12">shāngliang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    699. 

  699. <p><span class="font12">to discuss, to talk over</span></p></td></tr>
    700. 

  700. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    701. 

  701. <p><span class="font12">tan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    702. 

  702. <p><span class="font12">to chat, to talk about</span></p></td></tr>
    703. 

  703. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    704. 

  704. <p><span class="font12">wéi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    705. 

  705. <p><span class="font12">hello (telephone greeting)</span></p></td></tr>
    706. 

  706. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    707. 

  707. <p><span class="font12">yěxǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    708. 

  708. <p><span class="font12">perhaps, maybe</span></p></td></tr>
    709. 

  709. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    710. 

  710. <p><span class="font12">yìhuìr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    711. 

  711. <p><span class="font12">a moment</span></p></td></tr>
    712. 

  712. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    713. 

  713. <p><span class="font12">you gōngfu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    714. 

  714. <p><span class="font12">to have free time</span></p></td></tr>
    715. 

  715. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    716. 

  716. <p><span class="font12">you kōng(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    717. 

  717. <p><span class="font12">to have free time</span></p></td></tr>
    718. 

  718. </table>
    719. 

  719. <table border="1">
    720. 

  720. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    721. 

  721. <p><span class="font12">(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)</span></p></td></tr>
    722. 

  722. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    723. 

  723. <p><span class="font12">chūkou gōngsī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    724. 

  724. <p><span class="font12">export company</span></p></td></tr>
    725. 

  725. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    726. 

  726. <p><span class="font12">huì kè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    727. 

  727. <p><span class="font12">to receive guests</span></p></td></tr>
    728. 

  728. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    729. 

  729. <p><span class="font12">xiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    730. 

  730. <p><span class="font12">several, some</span></p></td></tr>
    731. 

  731. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    732. 

  732. <p><span class="font12">ySu yòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    733. 

  733. <p><span class="font12">to be useful</span></p></td></tr>
    734. 

  734. </table>
    735. 

  735. <h6><a name="bookmark16"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark83"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
    736. 

  736. <table border="1">
    737. 

  737. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    738. 

  738. <p><span class="font12">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    739. 

  739. <p><span class="font12">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    740. 

  740. <p><span class="font12">Wei.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    741. 

  741. <p><span class="font12">Hello.</span></p></td></tr>
    742. 

  742. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    743. 

  743. <p><span class="font12">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    744. 

  744. <p><span class="font12">Wài, ní shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    745. 

  745. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?</span></p></td></tr>
    746. 

  746. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    747. 

  747. <p><span class="font12">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    748. 

  748. <p><span class="font12">Shi. Nín shi něiwèi?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    749. 

  749. <p><span class="font12">Yes. Who is this, please?</span></p></td></tr>
    750. 

  750. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    751. 

  751. <p><span class="font12">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    752. 

  752. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    753. 

  753. <p><span class="font12">I’m William Martin.</span></p></td></tr>
    754. 

  754. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    755. 

  755. <p><span class="font12">B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    756. 

  756. <p><span class="font12">Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    757. 

  757. <p><span class="font12">Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you</span></p></td></tr>
    758. 

  758. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    759. 

  759. <p><span class="font12">jiǔ bǔ jiàn. Nī hǎo a?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    760. 

  760. <p><span class="font12">for quite a while. How are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    761. 

  761. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    762. 

  762. <p><span class="font12">A:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    763. 

  763. <p><span class="font12">Hǎo. Nī hǎo a?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    764. 

  764. <p><span class="font12">Fine. How are you?</span></p></td></tr>
    765. 

  765. </table>
    766. 

  766. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
    767. 

  767. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wei</span><span class="font12"> is a greeting used, in telephone conversations for &quot;hello.&quot; Some speakers pronounce this greeting as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wài</span><span class="font12">. Unlike most Chinese words, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèi </span><span class="font12">has no fixed tone. The intonation varies according to the speaker’s mood.</span></p>
    768. 

  768. <div>
    769. 

  769. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kēzhǎng</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ke</span><span class="font12"> means section, and Here are some examples of how -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhang</span><span class="font12">, kē kēzhǎng chǔ chǔzhǎng xuéxiào xiàozhǎng</span></p>
    770. 

  770. </div><br clear="all">
    771. 

  771. <div>
    772. 

  772. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǎng</span><span class="font12"> means head of an organization.</span></p>
    773. 

  773. <p><span class="font12">&quot;chief,&quot; &quot;head,&quot; is used:</span></p>
    774. 

  774. <p><span class="font12">section section chief</span></p>
    775. 

  775. <p><span class="font12">division division chief</span></p>
    776. 

  776. <p><span class="font12">school principal, headmaster</span></p>
    777. 

  777. </div><br clear="all">
    778. 

  778. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nín shi něiwèi?</span><span class="font12"> Note the use of the polite terms </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nín</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">něiwèi</span><span class="font12">. In the English translation, politeness is expressed by the use of the more indirect &quot;Who </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">is this&quot;</span><span class="font12"> instead of &quot;Who </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">are you&quot;</span><span class="font12"> and also by &quot;please.&quot;</span></p>
    779. 

  779. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;I haven’t seen you for quite a while,&quot; is changeable with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo jiǔ měi jiàn</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    780. 

  780. <div>
    781. 

  781. <p><span class="font12">inter-</span></p>
    782. 

  782. </div><br clear="all">
    783. 

  783. <div>
    784. 

  784. <p><span class="font12">2. A: Wǒ you dianr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p>
    785. 

  785. </div><br clear="all">
    786. 

  786. <div>
    787. 

  787. <p><span class="font12">I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.</span></p>
    788. 

  788. </div><br clear="all">
    789. 

  789. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
    790. 

  790. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font12">: In No. 2 the word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12"> is a prepositional verb translated as &quot;with.&quot; The preposition </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;with,&quot; differs from the conjunction </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;and,&quot; in two important ways: a) where stress may be placed b) where the negative may be placed.</span></p>
    791. 

  791. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    792. 

  792. <p><span class="font12">(a) When </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12"> is used as the conjunction &quot;and,&quot; both items being joined are stressed and keep their tones. When </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12"> is used as the prepositional verb &quot;with,&quot; a pronoun which follows is unstressed and loses its tone. Notice the contrasting tones on </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā</span><span class="font12"> in the following sentences:</span></p></li></ul>
    793. 

  793. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gēn </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā</span><span class="font12"> dōu lai le. Both he and I came.</span></p>
    794. 

  794. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gēn </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ta</span><span class="font12"> lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ll come with him.</span></p>
    795. 

  795. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    796. 

  796. <p><span class="font12">(b) To make negative a sentence containing the conjunction </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;and,&quot; the negative is placed with the main verb. In sentences containing the prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;with,&quot; the negative precedes the prepositional verb. (You have seen this pattern with other prepositional verbs, for example, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> Csee BIO, Unit 2, notes on Nos. 8-113.) Notice the contrasting positions of the negatives in the examples below:</span></p></li></ul>
    797. 

  797. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gēn tā dōu </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">měiyou</span><span class="font12"> qù. Neither he nor I went.</span></p>
    798. 

  798. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">měiyou</span><span class="font12"> gēn ta qù. I didn’t go with him.</span></p>
    799. 

  799. <div>
    800. 

  800. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dāngmiàn</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;face-to-face.&quot; of,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">miàn</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;face.&quot;</span></p>
    801. 

  801. </div><br clear="all">
    802. 

  802. <div>
    803. 

  803. <p><span class="font12">Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dāng</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;in the presence</span></p>
    804. 

  804. </div><br clear="all">
    805. 

  805. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    806. 

  806. <p><span class="font12">3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu I don’t know whether you have the meiyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time or not.</span></p></li></ul>
    807. 

  807. <p><span class="font12">B: You gōngfu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have the time.</span></p>
    808. 

  808. <div>
    809. 

  809. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
    810. 

  810. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōngfu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;time,&quot; &quot;free time,&quot; &quot;leisure time,&quot; refers to a period of time during which a person is free, in the sense that his work may be interrupted.</span></p>
    811. 

  811. <p><span class="font12">Now you know three words for &quot;time&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíhou</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shíjiān</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gōngfu Shíhou</span><span class="font12"> may</span></p>
    812. 

  812. </div><br clear="all">
    813. 

  813. <div>
    814. 

  814. <p><span class="font12">be used for either a point in time or Nī shénme shíhou zǒu?</span></p>
    815. 

  815. <p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duō-shao shíhou?</span></p>
    816. 

  816. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shíjiān</span><span class="font12"> refers to any amount of time, free.</span></p>
    817. 

  817. <p><span class="font12">Cong zhèr dào fēijīchāng yào duōshao shíjiān?</span></p>
    818. 

  818. <p><span class="font12">Jīntiān měiyou shíjiān qù.</span></p>
    819. 

  819. </div><br clear="all">
    820. 

  820. <div>
    821. 

  821. <p><span class="font12">an amount of time.</span></p>
    822. 

  822. <p><span class="font12">When are you leaving?</span></p>
    823. 

  823. <p><span class="font12">How long does it take to go by train?</span></p>
    824. 

  824. <p><span class="font12">including the time when a person is</span></p>
    825. 

  825. <p><span class="font12">How long does it take from here to the airport?</span></p>
    826. 

  826. <p><span class="font12">There isn’t time to go today.</span></p>
    827. 

  827. </div><br clear="all">
    828. 

  828. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gōngfu</span><span class="font12">, however, is used only for amounts of time which a person has available for his own use.</span></p>
    829. 

  829. <div>
    830. 

  830. <p><span class="font12">Nī you méiyou gōngfu gēn</span></p>
    831. 

  831. </div><br clear="all">
    832. 

  832. <div>
    833. 

  833. <p><span class="font12">wo tantan?</span></p>
    834. 

  834. </div><br clear="all">
    835. 

  835. <div>
    836. 

  836. <p><span class="font12">Are you free to talk with me?</span></p>
    837. 

  837. </div><br clear="all">
    838. 

  838. <div>
    839. 

  839. <p><span class="font12">4. A: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?</span></p>
    840. 

  840. <p><span class="font12">B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    841. 

  841. </div><br clear="all">
    842. 

  842. <div>
    843. 

  843. <p><span class="font12">What time would suit you?</span></p>
    844. 

  844. <p><span class="font12">Either today or tomorrow would be fine.</span></p>
    845. 

  845. </div><br clear="all">
    846. 

  846. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No, 4</span></p>
    847. 

  847. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to,&quot; &quot;towards,&quot; &quot;with regard to,&quot; &quot;with respect to,&quot; is a prepositional verb which originally meant &quot;facing.&quot; In modern Chinese, its object introduces either the target of the action or the thing concerned. Contrast this with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;for&quot;: the object introduced by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi </span><span class="font12">receives the benefit of the action. These generalizations may help you sort out some of the differences between </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12">. You might find it helpful to memorize some examples, as well.</span></p>
    848. 

  848. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font12"> INTRODUCING THE TARGET OF THE ACTION (&quot;to&quot;)</span></p>
    849. 

  849. <p><span class="font12">Nīde huà shi duì shéi shuōde? To whom were you speaking?</span></p>
    850. 

  850. <p><span class="font12">Tā duì wo hen kèqi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is very polite to me.</span></p>
    851. 

  851. <p><span class="font12">Nī duì wo tài hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You are too good to me.</span></p>
    852. 

  852. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font12"> INTRODUCING THE THING CONCERNED (&quot;with regard to,&quot; &quot;with respect to&quot;)</span></p>
    853. 

  853. <p><span class="font12">Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;What time suits you?</span></p>
    854. 

  854. <p><span class="font12">Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? What time is convenient for you?</span></p>
    855. 

  855. <p><span class="font12">Notice that the English is &quot;for you&quot; in the last example, but in Chinese you must say &quot;What time is convenient </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">with regard to</span><span class="font12"> you?&quot;</span></p>
    856. 

  856. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12"> INTRODUCING THE BENEFICIARY</span></p>
    857. 

  857. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gěi ta xiěle xìn le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I wrote him a letter.</span></p>
    858. 

  858. <p><span class="font12">Zhè shi yìzhāng shíkuàide, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Here's a ten-dollar bill. Please</span></p>
    859. 

  859. <p><span class="font12">qīng ni gěi wo huànhuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;change it for me.</span></p>
    860. 

  860. <p><span class="font12">Qīng ni gěi wo xiě nīde dìzhī. Would you write down your address for me, please?</span></p>
    861. 

  861. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Héshì</span><span class="font12"> is an adjectival verb meaning &quot;to fit,&quot; &quot;to suit,&quot; &quot;to be suitable/appropriate.&quot; When trying on clothes in a store, you might say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèige bù héshì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;This doesn't fit.&quot; In another situation, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">héshì </span><span class="font12">could be translated very freely as &quot;best&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Něitiān duì nín héshì? </span><span class="font12">&quot;What day would be best for you?&quot;</span></p>
    862. 

  862. <div>
    863. 

  863. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma?</span></p>
    864. 

  864. <p><span class="font12">B: Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fáng-bian yìdiǎnr.</span></p>
    865. 

  865. </div><br clear="all">
    866. 

  866. <div>
    867. 

  867. <p><span class="font12">Would two o’clock today be convenient?</span></p>
    868. 

  868. <p><span class="font12">Three would be more convenient than two.</span></p>
    869. 

  869. </div><br clear="all">
    870. 

  870. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 5</span></p>
    871. 

  871. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǐ</span><span class="font12"> is a prepositional verb used to make comparisons between two things which are different.<a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark84">1</a></sup> In translating, you may find it helpful to think of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǐ</span><span class="font12"> as the English &quot;compared with&quot; or &quot;than.&quot;<a name="footnote2"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark85">2</a></sup> Notice that the bǐ phrase precedes the adjectival verb or another predicate in a sentence.</span></p>
    872. 

  872. <table border="1">
    873. 

  873. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    874. 

  874. <p><span class="font12">Sāndiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    875. 

  875. <p><span class="font12">bǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    876. 

  876. <p><span class="font12">liǎngdiǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    877. 

  877. <p><span class="font12">fāngbian yìdiǎnr.</span></p></td></tr>
    878. 

  878. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    879. 

  879. <p><span class="font12">(3 o’clock</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    880. 

  880. <p><span class="font12">than compared with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    881. 

  881. <p><span class="font12">2 o’clock</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    882. 

  882. <p><span class="font12">more convenient)</span></p></td></tr>
    883. 

  883. </table>
    884. 

  884. <p><span class="font12">&quot;Three is more convenient than two.&quot;</span></p>
    885. 

  885. <table border="1">
    886. 

  886. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    887. 

  887. <p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    888. 

  888. <p><span class="font12">bǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    889. 

  889. <p><span class="font12">wo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    890. 

  890. <p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    891. 

  891. <p><span class="font12">gōngfu.</span></p></td></tr>
    892. 

  892. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    893. 

  893. <p><span class="font12">(he</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    894. 

  894. <p><span class="font12">than compared with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    895. 

  895. <p><span class="font12">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    896. 

  896. <p><span class="font12">have</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    897. 

  897. <p><span class="font12">free time)</span></p></td></tr>
    898. 

  898. </table>
    899. 

  899. <p><span class="font12">&quot;He has more free time than I do.&quot;</span></p>
    900. 

  900. <p><span class="font12">The two elements being compared may be nouns, pronouns, verb phrases, or even full sentences. Actually, all elements Joined by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǐ</span><span class="font12"> act as nouns, as seen in the English translations of the examples below.</span></p>
    901. 

  901. <table border="1">
    902. 

  902. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    903. 

  903. <p><span class="font12">Zuò fēijī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    904. 

  904. <p><span class="font12">bǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    905. 

  905. <p><span class="font12">zuò huochē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    906. 

  906. <p><span class="font12">kuài.</span></p></td></tr>
    907. 

  907. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    908. 

  908. <p><span class="font12">(ride plane</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    909. 

  909. <p><span class="font12">than compared with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    910. 

  910. <p><span class="font12">ride train</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    911. 

  911. <p><span class="font12">fast)</span></p></td></tr>
    912. 

  912. </table>
    913. 

  913. <p><span class="font12">&quot;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Going by plane</span><span class="font12"> is faster than </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">going by train.</span><span class="font12">&quot;</span></p>
    914. 

  914. <table border="1">
    915. 

  915. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    916. 

  916. <p><span class="font12">Nǐ lai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    917. 

  917. <p><span class="font12">bi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    918. 

  918. <p><span class="font12">wǒ qù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    919. 

  919. <p><span class="font12">fāngbian.</span></p></td></tr>
    920. 

  920. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    921. 

  921. <p><span class="font12">(you come</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    922. 

  922. <p><span class="font12">than compared with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    923. 

  923. <p><span class="font12">I go</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    924. 

  924. <p><span class="font12">convenient)</span></p></td></tr>
    925. 

  925. </table>
    926. 

  926. <p><span class="font12">&quot;It’s more convenient for you </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">to come</span><span class="font12"> than for me </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">to go</span><span class="font12">.&quot;</span></p>
    927. 

  927. <p><span class="font12">6. B: Yinwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxù Since I’m going out in a little liǎngdiǎn huíbulái. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;while, I might not (he able to)</span></p>
    928. 

  928. <p><span class="font12">get back by two.</span></p>
    929. 

  929. <p><span class="font12">A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Three is fine also.</span></p>
    930. 

  930. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
    931. 

  931. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìhuǐr</span><span class="font12">, &quot;a little while&quot;: When r_ is added to a syllable ending in i_, the pronunciation changes to /er/. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìhuǐr</span><span class="font12"> is actually pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìhuěr</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    932. 

  932. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Sentence placement of time phrases</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu</span><span class="font12"> is translated as &quot;I’m going out IN a little while.&quot;Contrast this with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr</span><span class="font12">, &quot;I’m going out FOR a little while.&quot; Let’s review the placement of different kinds of time expressions in a Chinese sentence.</span></p>
    933. 

  933. <p><span class="font12">If you want to say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">when</span><span class="font12"> something happens (&quot;yesterday&quot;) or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">in how long </span><span class="font12">something happens (&quot;in two years&quot;), you are using time phrases which in Chinese are considered to be POINTS IN TIME. Not only is a time phrase such as &quot;two o’clock&quot; a point in time, but a phrase such as &quot;five days&quot; can also be a point in time if the focus is on the end of this period of time. In English, this focus is expressed by &quot;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">in</span><span class="font12"> five days,&quot; &quot;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">by the end of</span><span class="font12"> five days,&quot; or &quot;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">at the end of</span><span class="font12"> five days.&quot; In Chinese, you do not need to use words such as &quot;in,&quot; &quot;at,&quot; or &quot;by&quot; because the position of the time phrase in the sentence indicates the meaning. Time phrases which are considered points in time are placed BEFORE THE VERB.</span></p>
    934. 

  934. <p><span class="font12">WHEN (a point in time)</span></p>
    935. 

  935. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuōtiān</span><span class="font12"> kànjian ta le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I saw him </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yesterday</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    936. 

  936. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cóngqián</span><span class="font12"> láiguo zhèli. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I have been here </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">before</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    937. 

  937. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎngdiǎn</span><span class="font12"> zhōng huílai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’ll be back </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">at two o’clock</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    938. 

  938. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìdiǎn zhōng</span><span class="font12"> huíbulái. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I can’t make it back </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">by one o’clock</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    939. 

  939. <p><span class="font12">AT THE END OF/BY THE END OF (a period of time which is treated as a point in time because the focus is on the end point)</span></p>
    940. 

  940. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">sāntiān</span><span class="font12"> Jiu zuòwán le. I finished doing it </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">in (by the end of) three days</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    941. 

  941. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǔfēn zhōng</span><span class="font12"> Jiu zou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I’m leaving </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">in fat the end of) five</span></p>
    942. 

  942. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">minutes</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    943. 

  943. <p><span class="font12">Ni </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jítiān</span><span class="font12"> huilai? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">In (at the end of) how many days</span><span class="font12"> will</span></p>
    944. 

  944. <p><span class="font12">you come back?</span></p>
    945. 

  945. <p><span class="font12">Ni </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duōJ iǔ</span><span class="font12"> kéyi xiěwán? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">How long</span><span class="font12"> will it be before you can</span></p>
    946. 

  946. <p><span class="font12">finish writing it? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">by the end of how long</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    947. 

  947. <p><span class="font12">On the other hand, phrases which express CONTINUATION OF TIME have a different place in sentences. To express an amount of time which passes, put the time expression AFTER THE VERB.</span></p>
    948. 

  948. <p><span class="font12">DURATION (the length of time something continues)</span></p>
    949. 

  949. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng gēn tā tán </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìhuìr</span><span class="font12">. I would like to talk with him </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">for awhile</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    950. 

  950. <p><span class="font12">Tā zài Xiānggǎng zhùle </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge</span><span class="font12"> She stayed in Hong Kong </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">for one week</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīngqī</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    951. 

  951. <p><span class="font12">TIME SINCE (the length of time which has passed since something happened)</span></p>
    952. 

  952. <p><span class="font12">Tā sìle </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">sānnián</span><span class="font12"> le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He died </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">three years ago</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    953. 

  953. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zudwánle </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíge zhòngtou</span><span class="font12"> le. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">It has been an hour since</span><span class="font12"> I finished.</span></p>
    954. 

  954. <p><span class="font12">Because </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìhuir</span><span class="font12"> follows the verb in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr</span><span class="font12">, it indicates the length of time which will pass after I go out (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chūqu</span><span class="font12">). </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìhuìr</span><span class="font12"> precedes the verb in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ yìhuìr chūqu</span><span class="font12">, indicating when I will go out (”in a little while&quot;).</span></p>
    955. 

  955. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yěxǔ</span><span class="font12"> literally means &quot;perhaps.&quot; The word is often used where &quot;may&quot; or &quot;might&quot; tfould be appropriate in English.</span></p>
    956. 

  956. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yěxǔ liǎngdiān huíbulái</span><span class="font12">, &quot;I might not (be able to) get back by two&quot;: Notice that this expression </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">liǎngdiān</span><span class="font12">, in time-when position, before the verb, means &quot;by&quot; a certain time. Other time phrases in this position may also mean &quot;by&quot; a certain time.</span></p>
    957. 

  957. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huíbulái</span><span class="font12"> is another form of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huílái</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to come back.&quot; Compound verbs of result may be split by the negative bu or the syllable </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huílái</span><span class="font12"> may become either </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huídelái</span><span class="font12">, &quot;can come back&quot;/<a name="footnote3"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark86">3</a></sup>&quot; or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huíbulái</span><span class="font12">, &quot;can’t come back.&quot; These two forms are called the potential forms of the verb; that is, the meaning &quot;can/be able to&quot; or &quot;cannot/unable to&quot; becomes part of the meaning of the compound. The following are examples of compound verbs of result and their potential forms.</span></p>
    958. 

  958. <table border="1">
    959. 

  959. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    960. 

  960. <p><span class="font12">huílái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    961. 

  961. <p><span class="font12">to come back</span></p></td></tr>
    962. 

  962. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    963. 

  963. <p><span class="font12">huídelái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    964. 

  964. <p><span class="font12">able to come back</span></p></td></tr>
    965. 

  965. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    966. 

  966. <p><span class="font12">huíbulái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    967. 

  967. <p><span class="font12">not able to come back</span></p></td></tr>
    968. 

  968. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    969. 

  969. <p><span class="font12">kànjian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    970. 

  970. <p><span class="font12">to see</span></p></td></tr>
    971. 

  971. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    972. 

  972. <p><span class="font12">kàndejiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    973. 

  973. <p><span class="font12">able to see</span></p></td></tr>
    974. 

  974. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    975. 

  975. <p><span class="font12">kànbujiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    976. 

  976. <p><span class="font12">not able to see</span></p></td></tr>
    977. 

  977. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    978. 

  978. <p><span class="font12">láidejí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    979. 

  979. <p><span class="font12">able to make it on time</span></p></td></tr>
    980. 

  980. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    981. 

  981. <p><span class="font12">láibují<sup><a href="#bookmark86">3</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    982. 

  982. <p><span class="font12">not able to make it on time</span></p></td></tr>
    983. 

  983. </table>
    984. 

  984. <div>
    985. 

  985. <p><span class="font12">zuòwán zuòdewán</span></p>
    986. 

  986. <p><span class="font12">zuòbuwan</span></p>
    987. 

  987. </div><br clear="all">
    988. 

  988. <p><span class="font12">to finish doing</span></p>
    989. 

  989. <p><span class="font12">able to finished doing, able to be completed</span></p>
    990. 

  990. <p><span class="font12">not able to finish doing, not able to be completed</span></p>
    991. 

  991. <p><span class="font12">Compound verbs of direction may also occur in the potential form:</span></p>
    992. 

  992. <table border="1">
    993. 

  993. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    994. 

  994. <p><span class="font12">nábushànglái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    995. 

  995. <p><span class="font12">can’t carry up Lto where you are] (i.e., because something is too heavy or bulky)</span></p></td></tr>
    996. 

  996. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    997. 

  997. <p><span class="font12">kāideshǎngqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    998. 

  998. <p><span class="font12">can drive up Caway from you!</span></p>
    999. 

  999. <p><span class="font12">(i.e., it is not too steep)</span></p></td></tr>
    1000. 

  1000. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1001. 

  1001. <p><span class="font12">kāidechūlāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1002. 

  1002. <p><span class="font12">can drive out</span></p>
    1003. 

  1003. <p><span class="font12">(i.e., the parking place is not too tight)</span></p></td></tr>
    1004. 

  1004. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1005. 

  1005. <p><span class="font12">nǎbuxiàlāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1006. 

  1006. <p><span class="font12">can’t get CitJ down</span></p>
    1007. 

  1007. <p><span class="font12">(i.e., because it is too high, bolted on, etc.)</span></p></td></tr>
    1008. 

  1008. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1009. 

  1009. <p><span class="font12">zǒudexiàqu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1010. 

  1010. <p><span class="font12">can walk down</span></p>
    1011. 

  1011. <p><span class="font12">(i.e., because it is not too far or too steep)</span></p></td></tr>
    1012. 

  1012. </table>
    1013. 

  1013. <p><span class="font12">Notice that the last syllables of these compound verbs (except for toneless </span><span class="font12" style="font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:underline;">qu</span><span class="font12" style="font-variant:small-caps;">) have full tones when they occur with -de- and -bu-.</span></p>
    1014. 

  1014. <p><span class="font12">J. B: Name, wo sāndiǎn zhōng zài Well then, I’ll wait for you in the lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín. reception room downstairs at three o’clock.</span></p>
    1015. 

  1015. <p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Fine. I’ll see you at three.</span></p>
    1016. 

  1016. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
    1017. 

  1017. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Word order</span><span class="font12">: The first sentence of exchange 7 illustrates the rule TIME—PLACE—ACTION.</span></p>
    1018. 

  1018. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huìkèshì</span><span class="font12"> is also pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huìkèshì</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1019. 

  1019. <table border="1">
    1020. 

  1020. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1021. 

  1021. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1022. 

  1022. <p><span class="font12">huídelái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1023. 

  1023. <p><span class="font12">to be able to get back in time</span></p></td></tr>
    1024. 

  1024. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1025. 

  1025. <p><span class="font12">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1026. 

  1026. <p><span class="font12">kòng(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1027. 

  1027. <p><span class="font12">free time, spare time</span></p></td></tr>
    1028. 

  1028. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1029. 

  1029. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1030. 

  1030. <p><span class="font12">loushàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1031. 

  1031. <p><span class="font12">upstairs</span></p></td></tr>
    1032. 

  1032. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1033. 

  1033. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1034. 

  1034. <p><span class="font12">shāngliang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1035. 

  1035. <p><span class="font12">to discuss, to talk over</span></p></td></tr>
    1036. 

  1036. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1037. 

  1037. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1038. 

  1038. <p><span class="font12">you kòng(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1039. 

  1039. <p><span class="font12">to have free time</span></p></td></tr>
    1040. 

  1040. </table>
    1041. 

  1041. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
    1042. 

  1042. <p><span class="font12">Here are some sentences illustrating the use of these vocabulary items:</span></p>
    1043. 

  1043. <p><span class="font12">Ni sāndiǎn zhōng </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huídelái</span><span class="font12"> Can you make it back by three o’clock? huíbulái?</span></p>
    1044. 

  1044. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Loushàng</span><span class="font12"> hái ySu rén? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Are there still people upstairs?</span></p>
    1045. 

  1045. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng he nǐ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shāngliang</span><span class="font12"> I would like to talk over a matter yíjiàn shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with you.</span></p>
    1046. 

  1046. <p><span class="font12">Nǐ Jīntiān xiàwǔ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">you kòngr</span><span class="font12"> Do you have time this afternoon? ma?</span></p>
    1047. 

  1047. <h6><a name="bookmark18"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark87"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
    1048. 

  1048. <p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
    1049. 

  1049. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1050. 

  1050. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ you dian shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tantan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1051. 

  1051. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Zhang Kēzhang (I have something I</span></p>
    1052. 

  1052. <p><span class="font12">would like to talk with you about in person.)</span></p>
    1053. 

  1053. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1054. 

  1054. <p><span class="font12">2. WǑ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1055. 

  1055. <p><span class="font12">tā</span></p>
    1056. 

  1056. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1057. 

  1057. <p><span class="font12">3. Wo you diǎn shi xiang gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1058. 

  1058. <p><span class="font12">Wèi Wuguān</span></p>
    1059. 

  1059. <p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Wèi Wuguān dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1060. 

  1060. <p><span class="font12">Wáng Shàoxiào</span></p>
    1061. 

  1061. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1062. 

  1062. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1063. 

  1063. <p><span class="font12">LÍn Xiānsheng</span></p>
    1064. 

  1064. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1065. 

  1065. <p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Lin Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan. Lift Kēzhǎng</span></p></li>
    1066. 

  1066. <li>
    1067. 

  1067. <p><span class="font12">7. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1068. 

  1068. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1069. 

  1069. <p><span class="font12">(I have something I would like to talk with Section Chief Zhāng about in person.)</span></p>
    1070. 

  1070. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1071. 

  1071. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wèi Wuguān tántan.</span></p>
    1072. 

  1072. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1073. 

  1073. <p><span class="font12">Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn LÍn Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1074. 

  1074. <p><span class="font12">Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1075. 

  1075. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1076. 

  1076. <p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    1077. 

  1077. <p><span class="font12">1. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nín míngtiān lái ma? (Are you coming tomorrow?)</span></p>
    1078. 

  1078. <p><span class="font12">OR Tā zǒu le ma?</span></p>
    1079. 

  1079. <p><span class="font12">(Has he gone?)</span></p>
    1080. 

  1080. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Bù zhīdào nín míngtiān lái bu lái.</span></p>
    1081. 

  1081. <p><span class="font12">(I don’t know whether you are coming tomorrow or not.)</span></p>
    1082. 

  1082. <p><span class="font12">Bù zhīdào tā zǒu le meiyou.</span></p>
    1083. 

  1083. <p><span class="font12">(I don’t know whether he has gone or not.)</span></p>
    1084. 

  1084. <table border="1">
    1085. 

  1085. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1086. 

  1086. <p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1087. 

  1087. <p><span class="font12">Nín you gōngfu ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1088. 

  1088. <p><span class="font12">Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou.</span></p></td></tr>
    1089. 

  1089. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1090. 

  1090. <p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1091. 

  1091. <p><span class="font12">Tā zuotiān qù le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1092. 

  1092. <p><span class="font12">Bù zhīdào tā zuotiān qù le meiyou</span></p></td></tr>
    1093. 

  1093. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1094. 

  1094. <p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1095. 

  1095. <p><span class="font12">Tā you qiān ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1096. 

  1096. <p><span class="font12">Bù zhīdào tā you qiān meiyou.</span></p></td></tr>
    1097. 

  1097. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1098. 

  1098. <p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1099. 

  1099. <p><span class="font12">Tā hāi yào ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1100. 

  1100. <p><span class="font12">Bù zhīdào tā hāi yào bu yào.</span></p></td></tr>
    1101. 

  1101. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1102. 

  1102. <p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1103. 

  1103. <p><span class="font12">Tā mǎi le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1104. 

  1104. <p><span class="font12">Bù zhīdào tā mǎi le meiyou.</span></p></td></tr>
    1105. 

  1105. </table>
    1106. 

  1106. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1107. 

  1107. <p><span class="font12">C.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    1108. 

  1108. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1109. 

  1109. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?</span></p></li></ul>
    1110. 

  1110. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) sāndiǎn</span></p>
    1111. 

  1111. <p><span class="font12">(What time would suit you?)</span></p>
    1112. 

  1112. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1113. 

  1113. <p><span class="font12">2. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīèr</span></p></li>
    1114. 

  1114. <li>
    1115. 

  1115. <p><span class="font12">3. Zài jīlóu duì nín héshì? wǔlōu</span></p></li></ul>
    1116. 

  1116. <p><span class="font12">U. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān</span></p>
    1117. 

  1117. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1118. 

  1118. <p><span class="font12">5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? zǎoshang</span></p></li>
    1119. 

  1119. <li>
    1120. 

  1120. <p><span class="font12">6. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? wǎnshang</span></p></li>
    1121. 

  1121. <li>
    1122. 

  1122. <p><span class="font12">7. Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì?</span></p></li></ul>
    1123. 

  1123. <p><span class="font12">shídiǎn</span></p>
    1124. 

  1124. <div>
    1125. 

  1125. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Sāndiǎn duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
    1126. 

  1126. <p><span class="font12">(Would three o’clock suit you?)</span></p>
    1127. 

  1127. </div><br clear="all">
    1128. 

  1128. <p><span class="font12">Xīngqīèr duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
    1129. 

  1129. <p><span class="font12">Zài wǔlou duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
    1130. 

  1130. <p><span class="font12">Míngtiān duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
    1131. 

  1131. <p><span class="font12">Zǎoshang duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
    1132. 

  1132. <p><span class="font12">Wǎnshang duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
    1133. 

  1133. <p><span class="font12">Shídiǎn duì nín héshì ma?</span></p>
    1134. 

  1134. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1135. 

  1135. <p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    1136. 

  1136. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1137. 

  1137. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?</span></p></li></ul>
    1138. 

  1138. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) jīntiān</span></p>
    1139. 

  1139. <p><span class="font12">(What time would suit you?)</span></p>
    1140. 

  1140. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1141. 

  1141. <p><span class="font12">2. Jīdiān duì nín héshì? sāndiān</span></p></li>
    1142. 

  1142. <li>
    1143. 

  1143. <p><span class="font12">3. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīyī</span></p></li></ul>
    1144. 

  1144. <p><span class="font12">U. Jīhào duì nín héshì? sìhào</span></p>
    1145. 

  1145. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1146. 

  1146. <p><span class="font12">5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? shàngwǔ</span></p></li>
    1147. 

  1147. <li>
    1148. 

  1148. <p><span class="font12">6. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān</span></p></li>
    1149. 

  1149. <li>
    1150. 

  1150. <p><span class="font12">7. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīliù</span></p></li></ul>
    1151. 

  1151. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi (Either today or tomorrow would be fine.)</span></p>
    1152. 

  1152. <p><span class="font12">Sāndiān, sìdiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1153. 

  1153. <p><span class="font12">Xīngqīyī, Xīngqīèr dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1154. 

  1154. <p><span class="font12">Sìhào, wǔhào dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1155. 

  1155. <p><span class="font12">Shàngwǔ, xiàwǔ dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1156. 

  1156. <p><span class="font12">Míngtiān, hòutiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1157. 

  1157. <p><span class="font12">Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1158. 

  1158. <p><span class="font12">E. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
    1159. 

  1159. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1160. 

  1160. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shénme dìfang duì nín fāngbian?</span></p></li></ul>
    1161. 

  1161. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) léushàng</span></p>
    1162. 

  1162. <p><span class="font12">(What place would be convenient for you?)</span></p>
    1163. 

  1163. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1164. 

  1164. <p><span class="font12">2. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? sāndiān</span></p></li>
    1165. 

  1165. <li>
    1166. 

  1166. <p><span class="font12">3. Jīhào duì nín fāngbian? liùhào</span></p></li></ul>
    1167. 

  1167. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1168. 

  1168. <p><span class="font12">U. Něitiān duì nín fāngbian? míngtiān</span></p></li></ul>
    1169. 

  1169. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1170. 

  1170. <p><span class="font12">5. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? shàngwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
    1171. 

  1171. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Loushàng duì nín fāngbian, háishi léuxià duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
    1172. 

  1172. <p><span class="font12">(Would upstairs or downstairs be more convenient for you?)</span></p>
    1173. 

  1173. <p><span class="font12">Sāndiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi sìdiān duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
    1174. 

  1174. <p><span class="font12">Liùhào duì nín fāngbian, háishi qíhào duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
    1175. 

  1175. <p><span class="font12">Míngtiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi hòutiān duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
    1176. 

  1176. <p><span class="font12">Shàngwǔ duì nín fāngbian, háishi xiàwǔ duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
    1177. 

  1177. <table border="1">
    1178. 

  1178. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1179. 

  1179. <p><span class="font12">6. Xīngqījī duì nín fangbian?</span></p>
    1180. 

  1180. <p><span class="font12">Xīngqīsān</span></p>
    1181. 

  1181. <p><span class="font12">7. Jīdiǎn duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
    1182. 

  1182. <p><span class="font12">Jiùdiǎn</span></p>
    1183. 

  1183. <p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
    1184. 

  1184. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1185. 

  1185. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Sāndiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎn. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) sìdiǎn</span></p></li></ul>
    1186. 

  1186. <p><span class="font12">(Three o’clock is a little more convenient.)</span></p>
    1187. 

  1187. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1188. 

  1188. <p><span class="font12">2. Sānhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
    1189. 

  1189. <p><span class="font12">wuhào</span></p>
    1190. 

  1190. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1191. 

  1191. <p><span class="font12">3. Loushàng fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
    1192. 

  1192. <p><span class="font12">lǒuxià</span></p>
    1193. 

  1193. <p><span class="font12">U. Tāde qiǎn duo yìdiǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wǒde</span></p>
    1194. 

  1194. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1195. 

  1195. <p><span class="font12">5. Tā qù hǎo yìdiǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wǒ qù</span></p></li>
    1196. 

  1196. <li>
    1197. 

  1197. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā dà yìdiǎn. wǒ</span></p></li>
    1198. 

  1198. <li>
    1199. 

  1199. <p><span class="font12">7. Zhèige dà yìdiǎn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nèige</span></p></li></ul>
    1200. 

  1200. <p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
    1201. 

  1201. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1202. 

  1202. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā shuōde kuài yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
    1203. 

  1203. <p><span class="font12">(He speaks a little fast.)</span></p>
    1204. 

  1204. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1205. 

  1205. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā lǎide zǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p></li>
    1206. 

  1206. <li>
    1207. 

  1207. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā zoude wǎn yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
    1208. 

  1208. <p><span class="font12">k. &nbsp;Tā zuōde hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1209. 

  1209. <p><span class="font12">5. &nbsp;Tā mǎide shǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1210. 

  1210. <p><span class="font12">Xingqīsān duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi Xīngqīsì duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
    1211. 

  1211. <p><span class="font12">Jiùdiǎn duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi shídiǎn duì nín fāngbian?</span></p>
    1212. 

  1212. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">:' Sāndiǎn bī sìdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1213. 

  1213. <p><span class="font12">(Three o’clock is a little more convenient than four o’clock.)</span></p>
    1214. 

  1214. <p><span class="font12">Sānhào bī wuhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1215. 

  1215. <p><span class="font12">Lōushàng bī lōuxià fāngbian yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1216. 

  1216. <p><span class="font12">Tāde qiǎn bī wǒde duo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1217. 

  1217. <p><span class="font12">Tā qù bī wo qù hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1218. 

  1218. <p><span class="font12">Tā bī wǒ dà yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1219. 

  1219. <p><span class="font12">Zhèige bī nèige dà yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1220. 

  1220. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā shuōde bī wǒ kuài yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1221. 

  1221. <p><span class="font12">(He speaks a little faster than I do.)</span></p>
    1222. 

  1222. <p><span class="font12">Tā lǎide bī wǒ zǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1223. 

  1223. <p><span class="font12">Tā zoude bī wǒ wǎn yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1224. 

  1224. <p><span class="font12">Tā zuòde bī wǒ hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1225. 

  1225. <p><span class="font12">Tā mǎide bī wǒ shǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p></td></tr>
    1226. 

  1226. </table>
    1227. 

  1227. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1228. 

  1228. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā màide duō yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
    1229. 

  1229. <p><span class="font12">Tā màide bi wǒ duō yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1230. 

  1230. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1231. 

  1231. <p><span class="font12">7. Tā xuéde màn yìdiǎn.</span></p></li></ul>
    1232. 

  1232. <p><span class="font12">Tā xuéde bi wǒ màn yìdiǎn.</span></p>
    1233. 

  1233. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1234. 

  1234. <p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li>
    1235. 

  1235. <li>
    1236. 

  1236. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nǐ shénme shíhou chūqu? (What time are you going out?)</span></p></li></ul>
    1237. 

  1237. <p><span class="font12">OR Nǐ chūqu duō jiu?</span></p>
    1238. 

  1238. <p><span class="font12">(For how long are you going out?)</span></p>
    1239. 

  1239. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1240. 

  1240. <p><span class="font12">2. Ni shénme shíhou chūlai?</span></p></li>
    1241. 

  1241. <li>
    1242. 

  1242. <p><span class="font12">3. Ni qù duō jiu?</span></p></li></ul>
    1243. 

  1243. <p><span class="font12">U. &nbsp;Tā shénme shíhou lai?</span></p>
    1244. 

  1244. <p><span class="font12">5. &nbsp;Tā kàn duó jiu?</span></p>
    1245. 

  1245. <p><span class="font12">6. &nbsp;Ni shénme shíhou zǒu?</span></p>
    1246. 

  1246. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūqu.</span></p>
    1247. 

  1247. <p><span class="font12">(I’m going out in Just a little while.)</span></p>
    1248. 

  1248. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ Jiù chūqu yìhuir.</span></p>
    1249. 

  1249. <p><span class="font12">(I’m Just going out for a little while.)</span></p>
    1250. 

  1250. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ yìhuir jiù chūlai.</span></p>
    1251. 

  1251. <p><span class="font12">Wo jiù qù yìhuir.</span></p>
    1252. 

  1252. <p><span class="font12">Tā yìhuir jiù lái.</span></p>
    1253. 

  1253. <p><span class="font12">Tā Jiù kǎn yìhuir.</span></p>
    1254. 

  1254. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ yìhuir Jiù zǒu.</span></p>
    1255. 

  1255. <p><span class="font12">I. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
    1256. 

  1256. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1257. 

  1257. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zhāng Xiānsheng míngtiān huídelái huíbulái?</span></p></li></ul>
    1258. 

  1258. <p><span class="font12">(Will Mr. Zhāng be able to come back tomorrow?)</span></p>
    1259. 

  1259. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1260. 

  1260. <p><span class="font12">2. Wang Nushì Xíngqīsì huídelái huíbulái?</span></p></li>
    1261. 

  1261. <li>
    1262. 

  1262. <p><span class="font12">3. Li Tōngzhì shíyīdiǎn huídelái huíbulái?</span></p></li>
    1263. 

  1263. <li>
    1264. 

  1264. <p><span class="font12">4. LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshihào huídelái huíbulái?</span></p></li>
    1265. 

  1265. <li>
    1266. 

  1266. <p><span class="font12">5. Wèi Shàoxiào zhèige yuè huídelái huíbulái?</span></p></li></ul>
    1267. 

  1267. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhāng Xiānsheng hòutiān cái huílai.</span></p>
    1268. 

  1268. <p><span class="font12">(Mr. Zhāng won’t be able to come back until day after tomorrow.)</span></p>
    1269. 

  1269. <p><span class="font12">Wáng Nushì XÍngqīwǔ cái huílai.</span></p>
    1270. 

  1270. <p><span class="font12">Li Tōngzhì shíèrdiǎn cái huílai.</span></p>
    1271. 

  1271. <p><span class="font12">LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshiyīhào cái huílai</span></p>
    1272. 

  1272. <p><span class="font12">Wèi Shàoxiào xiàge yuè cái huílai</span></p>
    1273. 

  1273. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1274. 

  1274. <p><span class="font12">6. Yáng Xiānsheng zaoshang huídelái Yang Xiānsheng wǎnshang cái huílái. huíbulái?</span></p></li>
    1275. 

  1275. <li>
    1276. 

  1276. <p><span class="font12">7. Zhào Tǒngzhì jīntiān huídelái Zhao Tǒngzhì míngtiān cái huílái. huíbulái?</span></p>
    1277. 

  1277. <div>
    1278. 

  1278. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1279. 

  1279. <p><span class="font12">J. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    1280. 

  1280. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1281. 

  1281. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Name, wǒ zài zhèr děng nín.</span></p></li></ul>
    1282. 

  1282. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) in a moment</span></p>
    1283. 

  1283. <p><span class="font12">(in that case, I’ll wait for you here.)</span></p>
    1284. 

  1284. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1285. 

  1285. <p><span class="font12">2. Name, wǒ zài lǒuxià deng ta. for a moment</span></p></li>
    1286. 

  1286. <li>
    1287. 

  1287. <p><span class="font12">3. Name, wǒ zài lǒushàng děng ta. at one o’clock</span></p></li></ul>
    1288. 

  1288. <p><span class="font12">U. Name, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín. for ten minutes</span></p>
    1289. 

  1289. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1290. 

  1290. <p><span class="font12">5. Nàme, wǒ zài tā jiā děng nín. in a moment</span></p></li>
    1291. 

  1291. <li>
    1292. 

  1292. <p><span class="font12">6. Nàme, wǒ zài xiāomàibù děng nín. for five minutes</span></p></li>
    1293. 

  1293. <li>
    1294. 

  1294. <p><span class="font12">7. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta. for a moment</span></p></li></ul>
    1295. 

  1295. </div><br clear="all">
    1296. 

  1296. <div>
    1297. 

  1297. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài zhèr děng nín.</span></p>
    1298. 

  1298. <p><span class="font12">(In that case, in a moment I’11 wait for you here.)</span></p>
    1299. 

  1299. <p><span class="font12">Nàme, wǒ zài lǒuxià děng ta yìhuīr.</span></p>
    1300. 

  1300. <p><span class="font12">Nàme, wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng zài lǒushàng děng ta.</span></p>
    1301. 

  1301. <p><span class="font12">Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín shífēn zhōng.</span></p>
    1302. 

  1302. <p><span class="font12">Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài tā jiā děng nín</span></p>
    1303. 

  1303. <p><span class="font12">Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎcmàibù děng nín wǔfēn zhōng.</span></p>
    1304. 

  1304. <p><span class="font12">Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta yìhuīr.</span></p>
    1305. 

  1305. </div><br clear="all">
    1306. 

  1306. <div>
    1307. 

  1307. <h5><a name="bookmark88"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark89"></a>UNIT 2</span></h5>
    1308. 

  1308. </div><br clear="all">
    1309. 

  1309. <div>
    1310. 

  1310. <h6><a name="bookmark19"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark90"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
    1311. 

  1311. </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
    1312. 

  1312. <p><span class="font12">(in Beijing)</span></p>
    1313. 

  1313. <div>
    1314. 

  1314. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1315. 

  1315. <p><span class="font12">1. C: Wei, Meidàsī.</span></p></li></ul>
    1316. 

  1316. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1317. 

  1317. <p><span class="font12">A: Wo shi Jiānǎdà Dàshiguǎnde Qiǎozhì Dǎfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn Wǎng Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiang.</span></p></li></ul>
    1318. 

  1318. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1319. 

  1319. <p><span class="font12">2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì.</span></p></li></ul>
    1320. 

  1320. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1321. 

  1321. <p><span class="font12">C: Deng tā kāiwān huì wǒ gàosong tā gēi ni hui diànhuà.</span></p></li></ul>
    1322. 

  1322. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1323. 

  1323. <p><span class="font12">3. A: Hǎo, xièxie ni.</span></p></li></ul>
    1324. 

  1324. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1325. 

  1325. <p><span class="font12">C: Bú xiè.</span></p></li></ul>
    1326. 

  1326. <p><span class="font12">U. B: Duìbuqī, Jīntiān zǎoshang ni dǎ diànhuà laide shíhou wǒ zài kāi huì, mēi shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.</span></p>
    1327. 

  1327. <p><span class="font12">A: Mēi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào ni hen mǎng.</span></p>
    1328. 

  1328. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1329. 

  1329. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Wǒ gēi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1330. 

  1330. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1331. 

  1331. <p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?</span></p></li></ul>
    1332. 

  1332. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1333. 

  1333. <p><span class="font12">6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    1334. 

  1334. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1335. 

  1335. <p><span class="font12">B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.</span></p></li></ul>
    1336. 

  1336. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1337. 

  1337. <p><span class="font12">7. A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne?</span></p></li>
    1338. 

  1338. <li>
    1339. 

  1339. <p><span class="font12">B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qīng ni dào wǒ zhèr lǎi, xíng bu xíng?</span></p></li></ul>
    1340. 

  1340. <p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng Jiàn.</span></p>
    1341. 

  1341. </div><br clear="all">
    1342. 

  1342. <div>
    1343. 

  1343. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.</span></p>
    1344. 

  1344. <p><span class="font12">I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wǎng.</span></p>
    1345. 

  1345. <p><span class="font12">Oh, she is at a meeting now.</span></p>
    1346. 

  1346. <p><span class="font12">When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your call.</span></p>
    1347. 

  1347. <p><span class="font12">Fine. Thank you.</span></p>
    1348. 

  1348. <p><span class="font12">Don’t mention it.</span></p>
    1349. 

  1349. <p><span class="font12">I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and didn’t have time to speak with you.</span></p>
    1350. 

  1350. <p><span class="font12">It doesn’t matter. I know you are very busy.</span></p>
    1351. 

  1351. <p><span class="font12">The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.</span></p>
    1352. 

  1352. <p><span class="font12">All right. When?</span></p>
    1353. 

  1353. <p><span class="font12">Would tomorrow be all right for you?</span></p>
    1354. 

  1354. <p><span class="font12">Any time tomorrow afternoon would be fine.</span></p>
    1355. 

  1355. <p><span class="font12">Where shall we meet?</span></p>
    1356. 

  1356. <p><span class="font12">Please come over here at two o’clock. All right?</span></p>
    1357. 

  1357. <p><span class="font12">Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.</span></p>
    1358. 

  1358. </div><br clear="all">
    1359. 

  1359. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    1360. 

  1360. <table border="1">
    1361. 

  1361. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1362. 

  1362. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1363. 

  1363. <p><span class="font12">guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1364. 

  1364. <p><span class="font12">relation, relationship, connection</span></p></td></tr>
    1365. 

  1365. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1366. 

  1366. <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1367. 

  1367. <p><span class="font12">Jiang huà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1368. 

  1368. <p><span class="font12">to speak, to talk; a speech</span></p></td></tr>
    1369. 

  1369. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1370. 

  1370. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1371. 

  1371. <p><span class="font12">língshiguan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1372. 

  1372. <p><span class="font12">consulate</span></p></td></tr>
    1373. 

  1373. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1374. 

  1374. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1375. 

  1375. <p><span class="font12">shìqing (yíjiàn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1376. 

  1376. <p><span class="font12">matter, business, affair</span></p></td></tr>
    1377. 

  1377. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1378. 

  1378. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1379. 

  1379. <p><span class="font12">sizhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1380. 

  1380. <p><span class="font12">department chief</span></p></td></tr>
    1381. 

  1381. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1382. 

  1382. <p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1383. 

  1383. <p><span class="font12">you guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1384. 

  1384. <p><span class="font12">to relate to, to have a bearing on</span></p></td></tr>
    1385. 

  1385. </table>
    1386. 

  1386. <p><span class="font12">to matter</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText-1.png" alt="" style="width:268pt;height:409pt;">
    1387. 

  1387. <h6><a name="bookmark20"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark91"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
    1388. 

  1388. <table border="1">
    1389. 

  1389. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1390. 

  1390. <p><span class="font12">bū xiè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1391. 

  1391. <p><span class="font12">don’t mention it</span></p></td></tr>
    1392. 

  1392. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1393. 

  1393. <p><span class="font12">dàshi guan diànhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1394. 

  1394. <p><span class="font12">embassy</span></p>
    1395. 

  1395. <p><span class="font12">telephone, phone call</span></p></td></tr>
    1396. 

  1396. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1397. 

  1397. <p><span class="font12">guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1398. 

  1398. <p><span class="font12">relation, relationship, connection</span></p></td></tr>
    1399. 

  1399. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1400. 

  1400. <p><span class="font12">-jiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1401. 

  1401. <p><span class="font12">(counter for matters, business, affairs)</span></p></td></tr>
    1402. 

  1402. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1403. 

  1403. <p><span class="font12">Jiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1404. 

  1404. <p><span class="font12">to discuss (something), to talk about (something)</span></p></td></tr>
    1405. 

  1405. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1406. 

  1406. <p><span class="font12">Jiang huà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1407. 

  1407. <p><span class="font12">to speak, to talk; a speech</span></p></td></tr>
    1408. 

  1408. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1409. 

  1409. <p><span class="font12">kāi huì kāiwān huì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1410. 

  1410. <p><span class="font12">to attend a meeting to finish a meeting</span></p></td></tr>
    1411. 

  1411. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1412. 

  1412. <p><span class="font12">līngshiguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1413. 

  1413. <p><span class="font12">consulate</span></p></td></tr>
    1414. 

  1414. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1415. 

  1415. <p><span class="font12">Měidàsī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1416. 

  1416. <p><span class="font12">Department of American and Oceanic Affairs</span></p></td></tr>
    1417. 

  1417. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1418. 

  1418. <p><span class="font12">méi guānxi mùdi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1419. 

  1419. <p><span class="font12">it doesn’t matter</span></p>
    1420. 

  1420. <p><span class="font12">reason, objective, purpose</span></p></td></tr>
    1421. 

  1421. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1422. 

  1422. <p><span class="font12">shi (yíjiàn) shìqing (yíjiàn) shuō huà sīzhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1423. 

  1423. <p><span class="font12">matter, business, affair matter, business, affair to speak</span></p>
    1424. 

  1424. <p><span class="font12">department chief</span></p></td></tr>
    1425. 

  1425. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1426. 

  1426. <p><span class="font12">you guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1427. 

  1427. <p><span class="font12">to relate, to have a bearing on, to matter</span></p></td></tr>
    1428. 

  1428. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1429. 

  1429. <p><span class="font12">zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1430. 

  1430. <p><span class="font12">in the midst of (marker of ongoing action)</span></p></td></tr>
    1431. 

  1431. </table>
    1432. 

  1432. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced, on C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    1433. 

  1433. <table border="1">
    1434. 

  1434. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1435. 

  1435. <p><span class="font12">chī dàxuéshēng diànhuà hàomǎ dù jià hòulái lāodòng Qíngbàosī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1436. 

  1436. <p><span class="font12">to eat</span></p>
    1437. 

  1437. <p><span class="font12">college student</span></p>
    1438. 

  1438. <p><span class="font12">telephone number</span></p>
    1439. 

  1439. <p><span class="font12">to spend one’s vacation</span></p>
    1440. 

  1440. <p><span class="font12">later</span></p>
    1441. 

  1441. <p><span class="font12">to do manual labor</span></p>
    1442. 

  1442. <p><span class="font12">Intelligence Bureau (part of the</span></p>
    1443. 

  1443. <p><span class="font12">Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC</span></p></td></tr>
    1444. 

  1444. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1445. 

  1445. <p><span class="font12">shēnghuó tóngyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1446. 

  1446. <p><span class="font12">life</span></p>
    1447. 

  1447. <p><span class="font12">to agree</span></p></td></tr>
    1448. 

  1448. </table>
    1449. 

  1449. <h6><a name="bookmark21"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark92"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
    1450. 

  1450. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1451. 

  1451. <p><span class="font12">1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī.</span></p></li></ul>
    1452. 

  1452. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1453. 

  1453. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshíguǎnde Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiang gēn Wáng Kēzhǎng JiǎngyiJiǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
    1454. 

  1454. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.</span></p>
    1455. 

  1455. <p><span class="font12">I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like to discuss with Section Chief Wáng.</span></p>
    1456. 

  1456. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
    1457. 

  1457. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měidàsī</span><span class="font12">: In Chinese, abbreviations are made up of one syllable from each word in a term. In </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měidàsī</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">měi</span><span class="font12"> stands for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Měizhōu</span><span class="font12">, ’’American continent.” </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dà</span><span class="font12"> stands for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàyángzhōu</span><span class="font12">, ’’Oceania” (the islands of the South Central Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand). The ending </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">sī </span><span class="font12">means ’’department.&quot; It is used only within organizations on the national level.</span></p>
    1458. 

  1458. <div>
    1459. 

  1459. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dàshiguǎn</span><span class="font12">: The word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">guǎn</span><span class="font12"> means ' </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fànguǎn</span><span class="font12">, an establishment where food the use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">guǎn</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1460. 

  1460. <p><span class="font12">dàshǐ dàshiguǎn līngshì língshiguan zhǎnlǎn zhǎnlǎnguǎn</span></p>
    1461. 

  1461. <p><span class="font12">Notice that the </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font12"> in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàshiguǎn</span><span class="font12"> and tones.</span></p>
    1462. 

  1462. </div><br clear="all">
    1463. 

  1463. <div>
    1464. 

  1464. <p><span class="font12">'building” or ’’establishment,&quot; as in</span></p>
    1465. 

  1465. <p><span class="font12">is sold. The examples below illustrate</span></p>
    1466. 

  1466. <p><span class="font12">ambassador</span></p>
    1467. 

  1467. <p><span class="font12">embassy</span></p>
    1468. 

  1468. <p><span class="font12">consul consulate</span></p>
    1469. 

  1469. <p><span class="font12">exhibit exhibition hall</span></p>
    1470. 

  1470. <p><span class="font12">.e </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"><sup>s</sup>hì</span><span class="font12"> in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǐngshiguǎn</span><span class="font12"> lose their</span></p>
    1471. 

  1471. </div><br clear="all">
    1472. 

  1472. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíjiàn shi</span><span class="font12">: The counter </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-Jiàn</span><span class="font12"> in this expression is also the counter for luggage. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíjiàn shi</span><span class="font12"> literally means &quot;a piece of business.&quot;</span></p>
    1473. 

  1473. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiang and Jiang huà</span><span class="font12">: The English word &quot;speak,&quot; meaning the activity in general, must be translated into Chinese with a verb and its GENERAL OBJECT: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎng huà</span><span class="font12"> In other uses, the verb &quot;to speak,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎng</span><span class="font12">, may be followed by a specific object or a phrase showing duration, or it may be changed into a multisyllabic verb, such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎngyijiǎng</span><span class="font12">. Other verbs which are used the same way are </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuō huà</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiě zi</span><span class="font12">, and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">niàn shū</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1474. 

  1474. <p><span class="font12">Tā zài Jiǎng Zhōngguode &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He is talking about Chinese affairs,</span></p>
    1475. 

  1475. <p><span class="font12">shìqing.</span></p>
    1476. 

  1476. <p><span class="font12">Tā yījīng Jiǎngle bù shǎo. He has already said a lot.</span></p>
    1477. 

  1477. <p><span class="font12">Tāde Jiǎng huà hen you yìsi. His talk was very interesting.</span></p>
    1478. 

  1478. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǎng</span><span class="font12"> is not used to say that someone said something. Instead, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuō</span><span class="font12"> is used.</span></p>
    1479. 

  1479. <p><span class="font12">Tā shuō tā bù néng lái. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He said he could not come.</span></p>
    1480. 

  1480. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1481. 

  1481. <p><span class="font12">2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. Oh, she is at a meeting now.</span></p></li></ul>
    1482. 

  1482. <p><span class="font12">C: Deng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong When she is finished with the meet-tā gěi ni hui diànhuà. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ing, I will tell her to return</span></p>
    1483. 

  1483. <p><span class="font12">your call.</span></p>
    1484. 

  1484. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
    1485. 

  1485. <div>
    1486. 

  1486. <p><span class="font12">To make ongoing-action sentences negative, use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1487. 

  1487. </div><br clear="all">
    1488. 

  1488. <div>
    1489. 

  1489. <p><span class="font12">zài, use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi bu shi zài</span></p>
    1490. 

  1490. </div><br clear="all">
    1491. 

  1491. <div>
    1492. 

  1492. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài...ma</span><span class="font12">, or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài bu zai</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1493. 

  1493. </div><br clear="all">
    1494. 

  1494. <div>
    1495. 

  1495. <p><span class="font12">To form a question with</span></p>
    1496. 

  1496. </div><br clear="all">
    1497. 

  1497. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font12"> is the aspect marker for ongoing actions. It indicates that the action is in progress. The corresponding verb in the English translation usually ends in -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ing</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font12"> is used only with verbs which express actual dynamic action. State and process verbs may not be used with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">. Many</span></p>
    1498. 

  1498. <table border="1">
    1499. 

  1499. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1500. 

  1500. <p><span class="font12">action verbs may</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1501. 

  1501. <p><span class="font12">be used with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1502. 

  1502. <p><span class="font12">but some</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1503. 

  1503. <p><span class="font12">do not have enough &quot;action&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    1504. 

  1504. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1505. 

  1505. <p><span class="font12">to be used (e.g.,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1506. 

  1506. <p><span class="font12">&quot;sitting&quot;).</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1507. 

  1507. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1508. 

  1508. <p><span class="font12">Tā láide</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1509. 

  1509. <p><span class="font12">shíhou, nǐ zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1510. 

  1510. <p><span class="font12">When</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1511. 

  1511. <p><span class="font12">he came, you were studying.</span></p></td></tr>
    1512. 

  1512. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    1513. 

  1513. <p><span class="font12">niàn shu.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1514. 

  1514. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1515. 

  1515. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1516. 

  1516. <p><span class="font12">kàn diànyǐng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1517. 

  1517. <p><span class="font12">They</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1518. 

  1518. <p><span class="font12">are watching a movie.</span></p></td></tr>
    1519. 

  1519. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1520. 

  1520. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1521. 

  1521. <p><span class="font12">hē kāfēi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1522. 

  1522. <p><span class="font12">They</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1523. 

  1523. <p><span class="font12">are drinking coffee.</span></p></td></tr>
    1524. 

  1524. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1525. 

  1525. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen zài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1526. 

  1526. <p><span class="font12">shàng kè.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1527. 

  1527. <p><span class="font12">They</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1528. 

  1528. <p><span class="font12">are having class.</span></p></td></tr>
    1529. 

  1529. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1530. 

  1530. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font12"> is placed in</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1531. 

  1531. <p><span class="font12">front of the verb</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1532. 

  1532. <p><span class="font12">, unlike other aspect markers, such as</span></p></td></tr>
    1533. 

  1533. </table>
    1534. 

  1534. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">guo</span><span class="font12">, and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1535. 

  1535. <div>
    1536. 

  1536. <p><span class="font12">Xuésheng zài shàng kè ma?</span></p>
    1537. 

  1537. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen bú zài shàng kè, yǐjīng zǒu le.</span></p>
    1538. 

  1538. <p><span class="font12">Tā láide shíhou, nǐ shi bu shi zài niàn shū?</span></p>
    1539. 

  1539. <p><span class="font12">Bù, bú zài niàn shū, yǐjīng wánr qu le.</span></p>
    1540. 

  1540. <p><span class="font12">Tā zài bu zai kàn diànshì?</span></p>
    1541. 

  1541. </div><br clear="all">
    1542. 

  1542. <p><span class="font12">Are the students having class?</span></p>
    1543. 

  1543. <p><span class="font12">They are not having class. They have already left.</span></p>
    1544. 

  1544. <p><span class="font12">Weren’t you studying when he came over?</span></p>
    1545. 

  1545. <p><span class="font12">No, I wasn’t studying. I had already gone out to play.</span></p>
    1546. 

  1546. <p><span class="font12">Is he watching television?</span></p>
    1547. 

  1547. <p><span class="font12">The aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> and the aspect marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> often occur in the same sentence, indicating absence of change.</span></p>
    1548. 

  1548. <p><span class="font12">Tā zài kàn bào ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She is reading the paper.</span></p>
    1549. 

  1549. <p><span class="font12">Sometimes </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ne</span><span class="font12"> is used without </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1550. 

  1550. <p><span class="font12">Tā kàn bào ne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;She is reading the paper.</span></p>
    1551. 

  1551. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Deng</span><span class="font12">, literally &quot;to wait&quot;: In the second sentence of No. 2, the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">děng</span><span class="font12"> is used at the beginning of a phrase to mean &quot;when.&quot; Deng may be used with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de shíhou</span><span class="font12">, &quot;when,&quot; in the same phrase. Often, the second part of a sentence beginning with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">děng</span><span class="font12"> will contain an adverb meaning &quot;then&quot;—</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiù</span><span class="font12">, zài, or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cái</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1552. 

  1552. <div>
    1553. 

  1553. <p><span class="font12">Děng nǐ kànwán bàozhǐ, women chūqu. mǎi cài.</span></p>
    1554. 

  1554. <p><span class="font12">Xue Yīngwén nan bu nan?</span></p>
    1555. 

  1555. <p><span class="font12">Děng nǐ xuéde shíhou jiù zhīdao le.</span></p>
    1556. 

  1556. </div><br clear="all">
    1557. 

  1557. <div>
    1558. 

  1558. <p><span class="font12">When you have finished the paper, we will go out to buy groceries.</span></p>
    1559. 

  1559. <p><span class="font12">Is it hard to learn English?</span></p>
    1560. 

  1560. <p><span class="font12">When you study it, then you’ll know.</span></p>
    1561. 

  1561. </div><br clear="all">
    1562. 

  1562. <div>
    1563. 

  1563. <p><span class="font12">Ni bu shi you yijiàn shi yao Don’t you have something you want gàosong wǒ ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to tell me?</span></p>
    1564. 

  1564. <p><span class="font12">Děng chīwán fan zài shuō. Wait until we finish eating; then we’ll talk about it.</span></p>
    1565. 

  1565. <p><span class="font12">The translation of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">děng</span><span class="font12"> as ’’wait until,&quot; in the last example above, might</span></p>
    1566. 

  1566. </div><br clear="all">
    1567. 

  1567. <div>
    1568. 

  1568. <p><span class="font12">suggest that the word is used only in used in past contexts:</span></p>
    1569. 

  1569. <p><span class="font12">Zuǒtiān tā měiyou he ni yìqǐ.qù kàn diànyīng ma?</span></p>
    1570. 

  1570. <p><span class="font12">Meiyou. Děng tā huílaide shíhou dōu shíyīdiān le.</span></p>
    1571. 

  1571. <p><span class="font12">Zuotiān tā bādiǎn zhōng cái hui jiā. Děng tā hui Jiā women cái zuò fan, nǐ xiǎng jīdiǎn cái chī fan.’</span></p>
    1572. 

  1572. </div><br clear="all">
    1573. 

  1573. <div>
    1574. 

  1574. <p><span class="font12">future contexts. But </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">děng</span><span class="font12"> is also</span></p>
    1575. 

  1575. <p><span class="font12">Didn’t he go out with you to a movie last night?</span></p>
    1576. 

  1576. <p><span class="font12">No. It was already eleven o’clock when he got home.</span></p>
    1577. 

  1577. <p><span class="font12">Yesterday he didn’t get home until eight o’clock. We didn’t fix dinner until he got home; so imagine what time it was when we ate!</span></p>
    1578. 

  1578. </div><br clear="all">
    1579. 

  1579. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kāi huì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to meet,&quot; &quot;to hold a meeting,&quot; is an example of a verb and its general object.</span></p>
    1580. 

  1580. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kāiwán</span><span class="font12">, &quot;finish holding Lthe meeting]&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wán</span><span class="font12"> is the verb &quot;to finish.&quot; It is used as an ending in a compound verb of result in No. 2.<a name="footnote4"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark93">4</a></sup> </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wán </span><span class="font12">expresses the idea of &quot;over,&quot; &quot;up,&quot; as in &quot;Class is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">over</span><span class="font12">,&quot; &quot;All the paper has been used up.&quot;</span></p>
    1581. 

  1581. <p><span class="font12">But be careful: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán</span><span class="font12"> is not used as a main verb when an object follows the verb. Instead of saying &quot;finish this,&quot; using </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán</span><span class="font12"> by itself, you would say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā zhèige chǐwán</span><span class="font12">, &quot;finish eating this&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ zhèige zuòwán</span><span class="font12">, &quot;finish doing this&quot;; or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ zhèige kànwán</span><span class="font12">, &quot;finish reading this.&quot;</span></p>
    1582. 

  1582. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wan</span><span class="font12"> may sometimes be used as a main verb when there is no object, as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Diànyǐng wán le</span><span class="font12">, &quot;The movie is finished.&quot; But far more often </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán</span><span class="font12"> occurs as an ending which indicates result.</span></p>
    1583. 

  1583. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Diànhuà</span><span class="font12"> (literally, &quot;electric speech&quot;) may mean either &quot;telephone&quot; or &quot;telephone call.&quot;</span></p>
    1584. 

  1584. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hui diànhuà</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to return a phone call,&quot; &quot;to call back&quot;: You have learned the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to return,&quot; as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐ shenme shíhou huíqu?</span><span class="font12"> &quot;When are you going back?&quot; In No. 2, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui</span><span class="font12"> takes a direct object, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">diànhuà</span><span class="font12">. Compare </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui diànhuà </span><span class="font12">with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">da diànhuà</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to make a phone call,&quot; which is found in exchange U.</span></p>
    1585. 

  1585. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi ni huí diànhuà</span><span class="font12">, &quot;call you 'back&quot;: You have learned the prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12">, meaning &quot;for Cthe benefit of].&quot; In </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi ni huí diànhuà</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12"> is translated as &quot;to.&quot; Because there are two meanings for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12">, occasionally a sentence may be ambiguous. For example, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ gěi ta jìqule liǎngbāo cháyè </span><span class="font12">means either &quot;I sent two packages of tea to him&quot; or &quot;I mailed out two packages of tea </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">for</span><span class="font12"> him.&quot;</span></p>
    1586. 

  1586. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duì</span><span class="font12"> is also translated as &quot;to.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Duì</span><span class="font12"> introduces the target; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12"> introduces the receiver. In other words, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font12"> expresses the intended direction but does not necessarily imply that the target is reached. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi</span><span class="font12"> usually implies receiving, as you might expect, since it means &quot;give&quot; as a full verb.</span></p>
    1587. 

  1587. <p><span class="font12">You use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12"> to indicate the receiver when you say</span></p>
    1588. 

  1588. <div>
    1589. 

  1589. <p><span class="font12">gěi ta da diànhuà</span></p>
    1590. 

  1590. <p><span class="font12">gěi ta xiě yìfēng xìn</span></p>
    1591. 

  1591. <p><span class="font12">gěi ta mǎile yige fángzi</span></p>
    1592. 

  1592. </div><br clear="all">
    1593. 

  1593. <div>
    1594. 

  1594. <p><span class="font12">telephone her write her a letter bought her a house</span></p>
    1595. 

  1595. </div><br clear="all">
    1596. 

  1596. <p><span class="font12">But, to indicate the target, you say</span></p>
    1597. 

  1597. <p><span class="font12">duì ta hao duì ta kěqi duì ta shēngqì</span></p>
    1598. 

  1598. <div>
    1599. 

  1599. <p><span class="font12">be nice to her be polite to him get angry at her</span></p>
    1600. 

  1600. </div><br clear="all">
    1601. 

  1601. <p><span class="font12">Notice that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font12"> is used especially to indicate the target of feelings and attitudes, while </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12"> is used with actions such as calling, mailing, and sending.</span></p>
    1602. 

  1602. <div>
    1603. 

  1603. <p><span class="font12">Fine. Thank you.</span></p>
    1604. 

  1604. <p><span class="font12">Don’t mention it.</span></p>
    1605. 

  1605. </div><br clear="all">
    1606. 

  1606. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1607. 

  1607. <p><span class="font12">3. A: Hao, xièxie ni. C: Bú xiè.</span></p></li></ul>
    1608. 

  1608. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 3</span></p>
    1609. 

  1609. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú xiě</span><span class="font12"> is an idiom meaning something like &quot;don’t thank Cmel.&quot; (Literally, &quot;Don’t thank me&quot; would be </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bié xiě wǒ</span><span class="font12">.)</span></p>
    1610. 

  1610. <div>
    1611. 

  1611. <p><span class="font12">H. B: Duìbuqǐ, jīntiān zǎoshang nǐ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou w3 zài kāi huì, mei shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.</span></p>
    1612. 

  1612. <p><span class="font12">A: Mēi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nǐ hen máng.</span></p>
    1613. 

  1613. </div><br clear="all">
    1614. 

  1614. <div>
    1615. 

  1615. <p><span class="font12">I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and didn’t have time to speak with you.</span></p>
    1616. 

  1616. <p><span class="font12">It doesn’t matter. I know you are very &quot;busy.</span></p>
    1617. 

  1617. </div><br clear="all">
    1618. 

  1618. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
    1619. 

  1619. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dǎ diànhuà</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to make a phone call. ’’ (Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǎ</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to hit.&quot;)</span></p>
    1620. 

  1620. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zuotiān wǎnshang gēi Mǎ I called Mrs. Mǎ last night.</span></p>
    1621. 

  1621. <p><span class="font12">Tàitai dǎle yige diànhuà.</span></p>
    1622. 

  1622. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ dǎ liǎngge diànhuà jiù I'll be right there after I make lai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a couple of phone calls.</span></p>
    1623. 

  1623. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shuō huà</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to speak,&quot; is a verb with a general object—literally, &quot;speak words.&quot; Verb + general object is often translated into English by a verb alone: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">niàn shū</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to study&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kāi chē</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to drive.&quot;</span></p>
    1624. 

  1624. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mei guānxi</span><span class="font12">: Other translations for this very useful expression are &quot;that’s okay,&quot; &quot;don't worry about it,&quot; &quot;it doesn’t make any difference.&quot; Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mēi guānxi</span><span class="font12"> would be translated as &quot;there isn't any connection.&quot;</span></p>
    1625. 

  1625. <div>
    1626. 

  1626. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1627. 

  1627. <p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?</span></p>
    1628. 

  1628. </div><br clear="all">
    1629. 

  1629. <div>
    1630. 

  1630. <p><span class="font12">The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.</span></p>
    1631. 

  1631. <p><span class="font12">All right. When?</span></p>
    1632. 

  1632. </div><br clear="all">
    1633. 

  1633. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. </span><span class="font12" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p>
    1634. 

  1634. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi...</span><span class="font12">: In English, the word &quot;reason,&quot; or &quot;purpose,&quot; begins the phrase, with the modifying clause following. In Chinese, everything modifying &quot;the purpose&quot; precedes </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mùdi</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1635. 

  1635. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuà -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de mùdi</span><span class="font12"> shi ....</span></p>
    1636. 

  1636. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">The reason why</span><span class="font12"> I called you is . . . .)</span></p>
    1637. 

  1637. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mùdi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;purpose,&quot; &quot;aim,&quot; &quot;objective&quot;: Although translated idiomatically as &quot;reason&quot; in exchange 5, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mùdi</span><span class="font12"> does not really mean &quot;reason&quot;/&quot;cause.&quot; The English terms should be translated as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuányǐn</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ láiwǎnde yuányǐn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;the reason I came late&quot;</span></p>
    1638. 

  1638. <div>
    1639. 

  1639. <p><span class="font12">6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?</span></p>
    1640. 

  1640. <p><span class="font12">B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1641. 

  1641. </div><br clear="all">
    1642. 

  1642. <div>
    1643. 

  1643. <p><span class="font12">Would tomorrow be all right for you? Any time tomorrow afternoon would be fine.</span></p>
    1644. 

  1644. </div><br clear="all">
    1645. 

  1645. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
    1646. 

  1646. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi</span><span class="font12">, ’’anytime is okay’’ (more literally, &quot;whatCeverl time, all is okay”), illustrates a pattern for expressing the idea of &quot;any&quot; in Chinese: a question word, such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shéi</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénme</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nār</span><span class="font12">, and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">něitiān</span><span class="font12">, followed by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;all.&quot;</span></p>
    1647. 

  1647. <p><span class="font12">Shéi dōu néng qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Anyone can go.</span></p>
    1648. 

  1648. <p><span class="font12">Nǎr dōu kéyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Anyplace will do.</span></p>
    1649. 

  1649. <table border="1">
    1650. 

  1650. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1651. 

  1651. <p><span class="font12">Shénme dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1652. 

  1652. <p><span class="font12">Něitiān dōu hāo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1653. 

  1653. <p><span class="font12">Anything will do. Any day is good.</span></p></td></tr>
    1654. 

  1654. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1655. 

  1655. <p><span class="font12">Zěnme zuò dōu hāo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1656. 

  1656. <p><span class="font12">Any way (you) do it is fine.</span></p></td></tr>
    1657. 

  1657. </table>
    1658. 

  1658. <p><span class="font12">The ideas of &quot;nobody,&quot; &quot;nowhere,&quot; &quot;nothing,&quot; and &quot;none&quot; are expressed by adding </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12"> after </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12"> in the pattern above.</span></p>
    1659. 

  1659. <p><span class="font12">Shéi dōu bú yào zōu. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nobody wants to leave.</span></p>
    1660. 

  1660. <p><span class="font12">Nār dōu bu duì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No place is right.</span></p>
    1661. 

  1661. <p><span class="font12">Zěnme dōu bù xíng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No way will do.</span></p>
    1662. 

  1662. <p><span class="font12">Shénme dōu méiyou. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There is nothing.</span></p>
    1663. 

  1663. <p><span class="font12">The &quot;any/no&quot; expression need not be the subject of a sentence; it may also be the object. Even if the expression is the direct object, it must precede the verb.</span></p>
    1664. 

  1664. <p><span class="font12">Tā shéi dōu xīhuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He likes anyone/everyone.</span></p>
    1665. 

  1665. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ nār dōu bu qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I won’t go anywhere.</span></p>
    1666. 

  1666. <p><span class="font12">Nèige shāngdiàn shénme dōu That store sells everything, mài.</span></p>
    1667. 

  1667. <p><span class="font12">Tā něige dōu bù xìhuan. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He doesn’t like either/any of them.</span></p>
    1668. 

  1668. <p><span class="font12">(As objects, many of these expressions must be translated as &quot;every....&quot;)</span></p>
    1669. 

  1669. <p><span class="font12">An &quot;any/no&quot; expression may also be the object of a prepositional verb.</span></p>
    1670. 

  1670. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gēn shéi dōu méi shuō huà. I didn’t speak with anyone.</span></p>
    1671. 

  1671. <div>
    1672. 

  1672. <p><span class="font12">7. A: Zài nǎr Jiàn ne?</span></p>
    1673. 

  1673. <p><span class="font12">B: Liangdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào wǒ zhèr lái, xíng bu xíng?</span></p>
    1674. 

  1674. <p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng jiàn.</span></p>
    1675. 

  1675. </div><br clear="all">
    1676. 

  1676. <div>
    1677. 

  1677. <p><span class="font12">Where shall we meet?</span></p>
    1678. 

  1678. <p><span class="font12">Please come over here at two o’clock.</span></p>
    1679. 

  1679. <p><span class="font12">All right?</span></p>
    1680. 

  1680. <p><span class="font12">Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.</span></p>
    1681. 

  1681. </div><br clear="all">
    1682. 

  1682. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
    1683. 

  1683. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào wǒ zhèr lái</span><span class="font12"> means, literally, &quot;come over to the place where I am.&quot; While plurals such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">women zhèr</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nlmen nàr</span><span class="font12"> often refer to institutions, the singular </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ zhèr</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǐ nàr</span><span class="font12">, and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā nàr</span><span class="font12"> usually refer to any place where a person might be. In an office shared by two people, for instance, you could say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ zhèr meiyou Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn; nín nàr you méiyou?</span><span class="font12"> &quot;I don’t have an English-Chinese dictionary over here; do you have one over there?&quot;</span></p>
    1684. 

  1684. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào</span><span class="font12">, like </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">, is a verb which requires a place word as its object. Sentences like &quot;Come over here to me&quot; and &quot;Go over there to Mr. Wáng&quot; must be translated as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào wǒ zhèr lái</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dào Wáng Xiānsheng nar qù</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèr</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàr</span><span class="font12"> make </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wáng Xiānsheng</span><span class="font12"> parts of place-word phrases.</span></p>
    1685. 

  1685. <table border="1">
    1686. 

  1686. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1687. 

  1687. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1688. 

  1688. <p><span class="font12">guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1689. 

  1689. <p><span class="font12">relation, relationship, connection</span></p></td></tr>
    1690. 

  1690. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1691. 

  1691. <p><span class="font12">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1692. 

  1692. <p><span class="font12">Jiǎng huà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1693. 

  1693. <p><span class="font12">to speak, to talk; a speech</span></p></td></tr>
    1694. 

  1694. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1695. 

  1695. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1696. 

  1696. <p><span class="font12">lìngshiguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1697. 

  1697. <p><span class="font12">consulate</span></p></td></tr>
    1698. 

  1698. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1699. 

  1699. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1700. 

  1700. <p><span class="font12">shìqing (yíjiàn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1701. 

  1701. <p><span class="font12">matter, business, affair</span></p></td></tr>
    1702. 

  1702. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1703. 

  1703. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1704. 

  1704. <p><span class="font12">sīzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1705. 

  1705. <p><span class="font12">department chief</span></p></td></tr>
    1706. 

  1706. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1707. 

  1707. <p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1708. 

  1708. <p><span class="font12">you guānxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1709. 

  1709. <p><span class="font12">to relate to, to have a bearing on,</span></p></td></tr>
    1710. 

  1710. </table>
    1711. 

  1711. <p><span class="font12">to matter</span></p>
    1712. 

  1712. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
    1713. 

  1713. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You guānxi</span><span class="font12">: To talk about the relationship of two things, use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">...gēn...you guānxi</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">...he...you guānxi</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    1714. 

  1714. <p><span class="font12">Lǐngshiguǎn he dàshiguǎn What is the relationship between you shénmeyàngde guānxi? the consulate and the embassy?</span></p>
    1715. 

  1715. <h6><a name="bookmark94"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark95"></a>VOCABULARY BOOSTER</span></h6>
    1716. 

  1716. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Occupations</span></p>
    1717. 

  1717. <p><span class="font12">accountant</span></p>
    1718. 

  1718. <p><span class="font12">actor, actress architect athlete</span></p>
    1719. 

  1719. <p><span class="font12">author, writer</span></p>
    1720. 

  1720. <p><span class="font12">barher blue-collar worker builder businessman</span></p>
    1721. 

  1721. <p><span class="font12">carpenter</span></p>
    1722. 

  1722. <p><span class="font12">chemical engineer civil engineer civil servant composer cook customs official</span></p>
    1723. 

  1723. <p><span class="font12">diplomat doctor</span></p>
    1724. 

  1724. <p><span class="font12">(newspaper) editor electrical engineer electrician employee, clerk, attendant</span></p>
    1725. 

  1725. <p><span class="font12">farmer, peasant fisherman</span></p>
    1726. 

  1726. <p><span class="font12">gardener governess government minister</span></p>
    1727. 

  1727. <p><span class="font12">housewife</span></p>
    1728. 

  1728. <p><span class="font12">lawyer</span></p>
    1729. 

  1729. <p><span class="font12">manager mayor mechanic mechanical engineer movie star musician</span></p>
    1730. 

  1730. <p><span class="font12">kuàijìshī yǎnyuán jiànzhùshī yùndòngyuán zuōj iā</span></p>
    1731. 

  1731. <p><span class="font12">līfàshī, lǐfàde gōngrén</span></p>
    1732. 

  1732. <p><span class="font12">yíngzàoshāng shāngrén</span></p>
    1733. 

  1733. <p><span class="font12">mùjiang, mùgōng huàxué gōngchéngshī tǔmù gōngchéngshī gōngwùyuán zuòqǔj iā</span></p>
    1734. 

  1734. <p><span class="font12">chúshī hǎiguān guānyuán</span></p>
    1735. 

  1735. <p><span class="font12">wàij iāoguān dàifu, yīshēng</span></p>
    1736. 

  1736. <p><span class="font12">biānji</span></p>
    1737. 

  1737. <p><span class="font12">diànjǐ gōngchéngshī diàngōng fúwùyuán</span></p>
    1738. 

  1738. <p><span class="font12">nongmín yumín</span></p>
    1739. 

  1739. <p><span class="font12">yuándīng, huājiàng bǎomǔ</span></p>
    1740. 

  1740. <p><span class="font12">bùzhǎng</span></p>
    1741. 

  1741. <p><span class="font12">Jiātíng zhǔfù, jiātíng fùnu lushī</span></p>
    1742. 

  1742. <p><span class="font12">J īnglī shizhang jīxièshī, jīxièyuán jīxiè gōngchéngshī diànyīng míngxīng yīnyuèj iā</span></p>
    1743. 

  1743. <p><span class="font12">nuclear engineer nurse</span></p>
    1744. 

  1744. <p><span class="font12">office staff worker (Chinese) opera performer</span></p>
    1745. 

  1745. <p><span class="font12">painter (artist) pharmacist pilot policeman postman professor</span></p>
    1746. 

  1746. <p><span class="font12">reporter</span></p>
    1747. 

  1747. <p><span class="font12">sailor salesman secretary servant shoemaker shoe repairman store clerk, salesperson</span></p>
    1748. 

  1748. <p><span class="font12">teacher typist</span></p>
    1749. 

  1749. <p><span class="font12">(star) vocalist</span></p>
    1750. 

  1750. <p><span class="font12">waiter, waitress</span></p>
    1751. 

  1751. <p><span class="font12">hézǐ gōngchéngshī hùshi</span></p>
    1752. 

  1752. <p><span class="font12">zhíyuán</span></p>
    1753. 

  1753. <p><span class="font12">Jīngjù yǎnyuán</span></p>
    1754. 

  1754. <p><span class="font12">huàjiā yàojìshī fēixíngyuán jǐngchá yóudìyuán jiàoshòu</span></p>
    1755. 

  1755. <p><span class="font12">Jìzhě</span></p>
    1756. 

  1756. <p><span class="font12">hǎiyuán, shuǐshǒu, chuányuán tuīxiāoyuán</span></p>
    1757. 

  1757. <p><span class="font12">mìshū</span></p>
    1758. 

  1758. <p><span class="font12">yòngren</span></p>
    1759. 

  1759. <p><span class="font12">xiéjiàngshīfu xiūxiéde shòuhuòyuán</span></p>
    1760. 

  1760. <p><span class="font12">j iàoyuán dazìyuán</span></p>
    1761. 

  1761. <p><span class="font12">gēxīng</span></p>
    1762. 

  1762. <p><span class="font12">fàndiàn fúwùyuán</span></p>
    1763. 

  1763. <h6><a name="bookmark42"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark96"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
    1764. 

  1764. <p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
    1765. 

  1765. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1766. 

  1766. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) dǎ diànhuà</span></p></li></ul>
    1767. 

  1767. <p><span class="font12">(He is at a meeting now.)</span></p>
    1768. 

  1768. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1769. 

  1769. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā xiànzài zài dā diànhuà. děng ni</span></p></li>
    1770. 

  1770. <li>
    1771. 

  1771. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni. gēn Wang Xiānsheng shuō huà</span></p></li></ul>
    1772. 

  1772. <p><span class="font12">U. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà. gōngzuò</span></p>
    1773. 

  1773. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1774. 

  1774. <p><span class="font12">5. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò. J iǎng huà</span></p></li>
    1775. 

  1775. <li>
    1776. 

  1776. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà. huàn qián</span></p></li>
    1777. 

  1777. <li>
    1778. 

  1778. <p><span class="font12">7. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.</span></p></li></ul>
    1779. 

  1779. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā xiànzài zài da diànhuà.</span></p>
    1780. 

  1780. <p><span class="font12">(He is making a phone call now.)</span></p>
    1781. 

  1781. <p><span class="font12">Tā xiànzài zài děng ni.</span></p>
    1782. 

  1782. <p><span class="font12">Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà.</span></p>
    1783. 

  1783. <p><span class="font12">Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò.</span></p>
    1784. 

  1784. <p><span class="font12">Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà.</span></p>
    1785. 

  1785. <p><span class="font12">Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.</span></p>
    1786. 

  1786. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1787. 

  1787. <p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    1788. 

  1788. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1789. 

  1789. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) yìhuǐr</span></p></li></ul>
    1790. 

  1790. <p><span class="font12">(He is at a meeting now.)</span></p>
    1791. 

  1791. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1792. 

  1792. <p><span class="font12">2. Wáng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài Jiang huà. xiàwǔ</span></p></li>
    1793. 

  1793. <li>
    1794. 

  1794. <p><span class="font12">3. Zhāng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xué Zhōngguo huà. shàngwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
    1795. 

  1795. <p><span class="font12">U. Mǎ Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà. míngtiān</span></p>
    1796. 

  1796. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Yìhuǐr qǐng tā gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
    1797. 

  1797. <p><span class="font12">(In a little while please ask him to call me back. All right?)</span></p>
    1798. 

  1798. <p><span class="font12">Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
    1799. 

  1799. <p><span class="font12">Shàngwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
    1800. 

  1800. <p><span class="font12">Míngtiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu haō?</span></p>
    1801. 

  1801. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1802. 

  1802. <p><span class="font12">5. Wang Tōngzhì xiànzài zài gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jiǎnghuà. yìhuǐr</span></p></li>
    1803. 

  1803. <li>
    1804. 

  1804. <p><span class="font12">6. Lǐ Nushì xiànzài zài gēn Wang Dàshī kāi huì. jīntiān</span></p></li>
    1805. 

  1805. <li>
    1806. 

  1806. <p><span class="font12">7. Zhū Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xuē Zhōngwén. xiàwǔ</span></p></li></ul>
    1807. 

  1807. <p><span class="font12">Yìhuǐr qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo hu hǎo?</span></p>
    1808. 

  1808. <p><span class="font12">Jīntiān qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
    1809. 

  1809. <p><span class="font12">Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
    1810. 

  1810. <p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
    1811. 

  1811. <div>
    1812. 

  1812. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1813. 

  1813. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tantan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1814. 

  1814. <p><span class="font12">(I would like to talk with you in person.)</span></p>
    1815. 

  1815. </div><br clear="all">
    1816. 

  1816. <div>
    1817. 

  1817. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1818. 

  1818. <p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni yíjiàn shi.</span></p></li>
    1819. 

  1819. <li>
    1820. 

  1820. <p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni Jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu.</span></p></li></ul>
    1821. 

  1821. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1822. 

  1822. <p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1823. 

  1823. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1824. 

  1824. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi.</span></p></li>
    1825. 

  1825. <li>
    1826. 

  1826. <p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng you gōngfu meiyou.</span></p></li>
    1827. 

  1827. <li>
    1828. 

  1828. <p><span class="font12">7. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p></li></ul>
    1829. 

  1829. </div><br clear="all">
    1830. 

  1830. <div>
    1831. 

  1831. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ gěi ni dS diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1832. 

  1832. <p><span class="font12">(The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.)</span></p>
    1833. 

  1833. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni yíjiàn shi.</span></p>
    1834. 

  1834. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu.</span></p>
    1835. 

  1835. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1836. 

  1836. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi.</span></p>
    1837. 

  1837. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng you gōngfu meiyou.</span></p>
    1838. 

  1838. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    1839. 

  1839. </div><br clear="all">
    1840. 

  1840. <p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
    1841. 

  1841. <div>
    1842. 

  1842. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Shéi dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1843. 

  1843. <p><span class="font12">(Anyone would be fine.)</span></p>
    1844. 

  1844. </div><br clear="all">
    1845. 

  1845. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1846. 

  1846. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) shéi</span></p></li></ul>
    1847. 

  1847. <p><span class="font12">(Any time would be fine.)</span></p>
    1848. 

  1848. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1849. 

  1849. <p><span class="font12">2. Shéi dōu kéyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nǎr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nǎr dōu kéyi.</span></p></li>
    1850. 

  1850. <li>
    1851. 

  1851. <p><span class="font12">3. Nǎr dōu kéyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;něige &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Něige dōu kéyi.</span></p></li></ul>
    1852. 

  1852. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1853. 

  1853. <p><span class="font12">U. &nbsp;Něige dōu kéyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;shénme dìfang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.</span></p></li></ul>
    1854. 

  1854. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1855. 

  1855. <p><span class="font12">5. Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Duōshao dōu kéyi.</span></p></li></ul>
    1856. 

  1856. <p><span class="font12">duōshao</span></p>
    1857. 

  1857. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1858. 

  1858. <p><span class="font12">6. Duōshao dōu kéyi. dué jiǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dué jiǔ dōu kéyi.</span></p></li>
    1859. 

  1859. <li>
    1860. 

  1860. <p><span class="font12">7. Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.</span></p></li></ul>
    1861. 

  1861. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1862. 

  1862. <p><span class="font12">E. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    1863. 

  1863. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1864. 

  1864. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) any length of time</span></p></li></ul>
    1865. 

  1865. <p><span class="font12">(Any time would be fine.)</span></p>
    1866. 

  1866. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1867. 

  1867. <p><span class="font12">2. Jīdiǎn zhōng dōu kéyi. any number of hours</span></p></li>
    1868. 

  1868. <li>
    1869. 

  1869. <p><span class="font12">3. Něitiān dōu kéyi. any number of days</span></p></li>
    1870. 

  1870. <li>
    1871. 

  1871. <p><span class="font12">4. Něiniǎn dōu kéyi. any number of years</span></p></li>
    1872. 

  1872. <li>
    1873. 

  1873. <p><span class="font12">5. Xīngqījī dōu kéyi. any number of weeks</span></p></li>
    1874. 

  1874. <li>
    1875. 

  1875. <p><span class="font12">6. Jīhào dōu kéyi.</span></p></li></ul>
    1876. 

  1876. <p><span class="font12">any number of days</span></p>
    1877. 

  1877. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1878. 

  1878. <p><span class="font12">7. Jīyuè dōu kéyi.</span></p></li></ul>
    1879. 

  1879. <p><span class="font12">any number of months</span></p>
    1880. 

  1880. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1881. 

  1881. <p><span class="font12">(Any length of time would be fine.)</span></p>
    1882. 

  1882. <p><span class="font12">Jīge zhōngtou dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1883. 

  1883. <p><span class="font12">Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1884. 

  1884. <p><span class="font12">Jīniǎn dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1885. 

  1885. <p><span class="font12">Jīge xīngqī dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1886. 

  1886. <p><span class="font12">Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1887. 

  1887. <p><span class="font12">Jīge yuè dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1888. 

  1888. <div>
    1889. 

  1889. <p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
    1890. 

  1890. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1891. 

  1891. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Women míngtiān zài zhèr jiàn ne, hǎishi zài nàr Jiàn ne?</span></p></li></ul>
    1892. 

  1892. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) nǎr</span></p>
    1893. 

  1893. <p><span class="font12">(Shall we meet here or there tomorrow?)</span></p>
    1894. 

  1894. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1895. 

  1895. <p><span class="font12">2. Wōmen zuò huochē qù ne, haishi zuò fēijī qù ne? zǎnme</span></p></li>
    1896. 

  1896. <li>
    1897. 

  1897. <p><span class="font12">3. Women míngtiān Jiùdiǎn zhōng Jiàn ne, hǎishi shidiǎn zhōng Jiàn ne? jǐdiǎn zhōng</span></p></li></ul>
    1898. 

  1898. <p><span class="font12">U. Women zuò qìchē qù ne, hǎishi zuò huōchē qù ne? shenme chē</span></p>
    1899. 

  1899. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1900. 

  1900. <p><span class="font12">5. Women míngtiān qù ne, hǎishi hòutiān qù ne? nǎitiān</span></p></li>
    1901. 

  1901. <li>
    1902. 

  1902. <p><span class="font12">6. Women Xīngqīyī qù ne, hǎishi Xīngqīèr qù ne?</span></p></li></ul>
    1903. 

  1903. <p><span class="font12">xlngqījī</span></p>
    1904. 

  1904. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1905. 

  1905. <p><span class="font12">7. Women zuò fēijī qù ne, hǎishi zuò huōchē qù ne? zenme</span></p></li></ul>
    1906. 

  1906. </div><br clear="all">
    1907. 

  1907. <div>
    1908. 

  1908. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zài nǎr Jiàn dōu kǎyi.</span></p>
    1909. 

  1909. <p><span class="font12">(Anywhere would be fine.)</span></p>
    1910. 

  1910. </div><br clear="all">
    1911. 

  1911. <div>
    1912. 

  1912. <p><span class="font12">Zenme qù dōu keyi.</span></p>
    1913. 

  1913. <p><span class="font12">Jidiǎn zhōng Jiàn dōu kǎyi.</span></p>
    1914. 

  1914. </div><br clear="all">
    1915. 

  1915. <div>
    1916. 

  1916. <p><span class="font12">Shenme chē dōu kǎyi.</span></p>
    1917. 

  1917. </div><br clear="all">
    1918. 

  1918. <div>
    1919. 

  1919. <p><span class="font12">Nǎitiān qù dōu kǎyi.</span></p>
    1920. 

  1920. <p><span class="font12">XīngqīJÍ qù dōu kǎyi.</span></p>
    1921. 

  1921. </div><br clear="all">
    1922. 

  1922. <div>
    1923. 

  1923. <p><span class="font12">Zenme qù dōu kǎyi.</span></p>
    1924. 

  1924. </div><br clear="all">
    1925. 

  1925. <p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
    1926. 

  1926. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1927. 

  1927. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shǎi lǎi? (Who is coming?)</span></p></li>
    1928. 

  1928. <li>
    1929. 

  1929. <p><span class="font12">2. Shǎnme dìfang bù hǎo?</span></p></li>
    1930. 

  1930. <li>
    1931. 

  1931. <p><span class="font12">3. Neige dìfang kǎyi?</span></p></li></ul>
    1932. 

  1932. <p><span class="font12">U. Shǎi bú hui?</span></p>
    1933. 

  1933. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1934. 

  1934. <p><span class="font12">5. Nǎr hǎo?</span></p></li>
    1935. 

  1935. <li>
    1936. 

  1936. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā shǎnme shíhou nǎng qù?</span></p></li>
    1937. 

  1937. <li>
    1938. 

  1938. <p><span class="font12">7. Ni nǎitiān bù mǎng?</span></p></li></ul>
    1939. 

  1939. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Shǎi dōu lǎi.</span></p>
    1940. 

  1940. <p><span class="font12">(Everyone is coming.)</span></p>
    1941. 

  1941. <p><span class="font12">Shǎnme dìfang dōu bù hǎo.</span></p>
    1942. 

  1942. <p><span class="font12">Nǎige dìfang dōu kǎyi.</span></p>
    1943. 

  1943. <p><span class="font12">Shǎi dōu bú hui.</span></p>
    1944. 

  1944. <p><span class="font12">Nǎr dōu hǎo.</span></p>
    1945. 

  1945. <p><span class="font12">Tā shǎnme shíhou dōu nǎng qù</span></p>
    1946. 

  1946. <p><span class="font12">Wo nǎitiān dōu bù mǎng.</span></p>
    1947. 

  1947. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1948. 

  1948. <p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li>
    1949. 

  1949. <li>
    1950. 

  1950. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Ní qù nǎr? (Where are you going?)</span></p></li>
    1951. 

  1951. <li>
    1952. 

  1952. <p><span class="font12">2. Ni dào nǎr qù?</span></p></li>
    1953. 

  1953. <li>
    1954. 

  1954. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā qù shénme dìfang?</span></p></li></ul>
    1955. 

  1955. <p><span class="font12">U. Tā dào shénme dìfang qù?</span></p>
    1956. 

  1956. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1957. 

  1957. <p><span class="font12">5. Ni mǎi nǎige?</span></p></li>
    1958. 

  1958. <li>
    1959. 

  1959. <p><span class="font12">6. Ni kàn něibǎn?</span></p></li>
    1960. 

  1960. <li>
    1961. 

  1961. <p><span class="font12">7. Nī zuò shénme?</span></p></li></ul>
    1962. 

  1962. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wō nǎr dōu qù.</span></p>
    1963. 

  1963. <p><span class="font12">(I'm going everywhere.)</span></p>
    1964. 

  1964. <p><span class="font12">Wō nǎr dōu qù.</span></p>
    1965. 

  1965. <p><span class="font12">Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.</span></p>
    1966. 

  1966. <p><span class="font12">Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.</span></p>
    1967. 

  1967. <p><span class="font12">Wō nǎige dōu mǎi.</span></p>
    1968. 

  1968. <p><span class="font12">Wo nǎibǎn dōu kàn.</span></p>
    1969. 

  1969. <p><span class="font12">Wō shénme dōu zuō.</span></p>
    1970. 

  1970. <p><span class="font12">I. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
    1971. 

  1971. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1972. 

  1972. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Shéi lǎi?</span></p></li></ul>
    1973. 

  1973. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) everyone</span></p>
    1974. 

  1974. <p><span class="font12">(Who is coming?)</span></p>
    1975. 

  1975. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1976. 

  1976. <p><span class="font12">2. Shéi kéyi? anyone will do</span></p></li>
    1977. 

  1977. <li>
    1978. 

  1978. <p><span class="font12">3. Shéi lǎi? no one</span></p></li></ul>
    1979. 

  1979. <p><span class="font12">U. Nì mǎi nǎige? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all of them</span></p>
    1980. 

  1980. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1981. 

  1981. <p><span class="font12">5. Ní dào nǎr qù? &nbsp;&nbsp;nowhere at all</span></p></li>
    1982. 

  1982. <li>
    1983. 

  1983. <p><span class="font12">6. Nǎige hǎo? all of them</span></p></li>
    1984. 

  1984. <li>
    1985. 

  1985. <p><span class="font12">7. Shéi huì shuō Zhōngguo huà? everyone</span></p></li></ul>
    1986. 

  1986. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Shéi dōu lǎi.</span></p>
    1987. 

  1987. <p><span class="font12">(Everyone is coming.)</span></p>
    1988. 

  1988. <p><span class="font12">Shéi dōu kéyi.</span></p>
    1989. 

  1989. <p><span class="font12">Shéi dōu bù lǎi.</span></p>
    1990. 

  1990. <p><span class="font12">Wō nǎige dōu mǎi.</span></p>
    1991. 

  1991. <p><span class="font12">Wō nǎr dōu bú qù.</span></p>
    1992. 

  1992. <p><span class="font12">Nǎige dōu hǎo.</span></p>
    1993. 

  1993. <p><span class="font12">Shéi dōu huì shuō Zhōngguo huà</span></p>
    1994. 

  1994. <div>
    1995. 

  1995. <h5><a name="bookmark97"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark98"></a>UNIT 3</span></h5>
    1996. 

  1996. </div><br clear="all">
    1997. 

  1997. <div>
    1998. 

  1998. <h6><a name="bookmark51"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark99"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
    1999. 

  1999. </div><br clear="all">
    2000. 

  2000. <p><span class="font12">(in Taipei)</span></p>
    2001. 

  2001. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2002. 

  2002. <p><span class="font12">1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    2003. 

  2003. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2004. 

  2004. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.</span></p></li></ul>
    2005. 

  2005. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2006. 

  2006. <p><span class="font12">2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?</span></p></li></ul>
    2007. 

  2007. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2008. 

  2008. <p><span class="font12">A: Bú shi kèqi.</span></p></li></ul>
    2009. 

  2009. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cóng Měiguo lǎi.</span></p>
    2010. 

  2010. <p><span class="font12">A: Tā xiànzài zài Tǎiwān Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.</span></p>
    2011. 

  2011. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nīmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
    2012. 

  2012. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2013. 

  2013. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Nà tài hǎo le!</span></p></li></ul>
    2014. 

  2014. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2015. 

  2015. <p><span class="font12">B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tǎntan.</span></p></li>
    2016. 

  2016. <li>
    2017. 

  2017. <p><span class="font12">B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.</span></p></li>
    2018. 

  2018. <li>
    2019. 

  2019. <p><span class="font12">B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.</span></p></li></ul>
    2020. 

  2020. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2021. 

  2021. <p><span class="font12">U. A: Nǎli, nǎli.</span></p></li></ul>
    2022. 

  2022. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2023. 

  2023. <p><span class="font12">A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    2024. 

  2024. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2025. 

  2025. <p><span class="font12">5. <a name="footnote5"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark100">5</a></sup>A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?</span></p></li></ul>
    2026. 

  2026. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2027. 

  2027. <p><span class="font12">B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.</span></p></li></ul>
    2028. 

  2028. <p><span class="font12">6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suíbiàn.</span></p>
    2029. 

  2029. <p><span class="font12">B: Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.</span></p>
    2030. 

  2030. <p><span class="font12">Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week?</span></p>
    2031. 

  2031. <p><span class="font12">I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a simple meal.</span></p>
    2032. 

  2032. <p><span class="font12">Why is it necessary to be so polite?</span></p>
    2033. 

  2033. <p><span class="font12">It’s not politeness.</span></p>
    2034. 

  2034. <p><span class="font12">I have a friend who has Just come from America.</span></p>
    2035. 

  2035. <p><span class="font12">She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.</span></p>
    2036. 

  2036. <p><span class="font12">I would very much like to introduce the two of you.</span></p>
    2037. 

  2037. <p><span class="font12">That's wonderful!</span></p>
    2038. 

  2038. <p><span class="font12">I wish very much to talk with her.</span></p>
    2039. 

  2039. <p><span class="font12">However, I'm afraid that my English isn’t good enough.</span></p>
    2040. 

  2040. <p><span class="font12">Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I hear either.</span></p>
    2041. 

  2041. <p><span class="font12">Not at all, not at all.</span></p>
    2042. 

  2042. <p><span class="font12">You speak as well as an American.</span></p>
    2043. 

  2043. <p><span class="font12">How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?</span></p>
    2044. 

  2044. <p><span class="font12">That would be fine.</span></p>
    2045. 

  2045. <p><span class="font12">I haven't invited anyone special.</span></p>
    2046. 

  2046. <p><span class="font12">It's very informal.</span></p>
    2047. 

  2047. <p><span class="font12">Well then, I'll thank you in advance.</span></p>
    2048. 

  2048. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    2049. 

  2049. <table border="1">
    2050. 

  2050. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2051. 

  2051. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2052. 

  2052. <p><span class="font12">bù tong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2053. 

  2053. <p><span class="font12">to be different</span></p></td></tr>
    2054. 

  2054. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2055. 

  2055. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2056. 

  2056. <p><span class="font12">chá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2057. 

  2057. <p><span class="font12">tea</span></p></td></tr>
    2058. 

  2058. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2059. 

  2059. <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2060. 

  2060. <p><span class="font12">chī fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2061. 

  2061. <p><span class="font12">to eat, to have a meal</span></p></td></tr>
    2062. 

  2062. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2063. 

  2063. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2064. 

  2064. <p><span class="font12">dànshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2065. 

  2065. <p><span class="font12">but</span></p></td></tr>
    2066. 

  2066. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2067. 

  2067. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2068. 

  2068. <p><span class="font12">4* &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;• W</span></p>
    2069. 

  2069. <p><span class="font12">erqie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2070. 

  2070. <p><span class="font12">furthermore, moreover</span></p></td></tr>
    2071. 

  2071. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2072. 

  2072. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2073. 

  2073. <p><span class="font12">fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2074. 

  2074. <p><span class="font12">(cooked) rice</span></p></td></tr>
    2075. 

  2075. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2076. 

  2076. <p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2077. 

  2077. <p><span class="font12">hē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2078. 

  2078. <p><span class="font12">to drink</span></p></td></tr>
    2079. 

  2079. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2080. 

  2080. <p><span class="font12">I'l.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2081. 

  2081. <p><span class="font12">Jiāo shū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2082. 

  2082. <p><span class="font12">to teach</span></p></td></tr>
    2083. 

  2083. </table><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText-2.png" alt="" style="width:452pt;height:293pt;">
    2084. 

  2084. <h6><a name="bookmark44"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark101"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
    2085. 

  2085. <table border="1">
    2086. 

  2086. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2087. 

  2087. <p><span class="font12">biànfàn būdàn.. .yé búguò bù tong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2088. 

  2088. <p><span class="font12">a simple, informal meal not only...but also however, but to be different</span></p></td></tr>
    2089. 

  2089. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2090. 

  2090. <p><span class="font12">chá</span></p>
    2091. 

  2091. <p><span class="font12">chi fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2092. 

  2092. <p><span class="font12">tea</span></p>
    2093. 

  2093. <p><span class="font12">to eat, to have a meal</span></p></td></tr>
    2094. 

  2094. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2095. 

  2095. <p><span class="font12">dànshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2096. 

  2096. <p><span class="font12">but</span></p></td></tr>
    2097. 

  2097. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2098. 

  2098. <p><span class="font12">érqiě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2099. 

  2099. <p><span class="font12">furthermore, moreover</span></p></td></tr>
    2100. 

  2100. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2101. 

  2101. <p><span class="font12">fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2102. 

  2102. <p><span class="font12">(cooked) rice</span></p></td></tr>
    2103. 

  2103. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2104. 

  2104. <p><span class="font12">he hébì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2105. 

  2105. <p><span class="font12">to drink</span></p>
    2106. 

  2106. <p><span class="font12">why is it necessary (to)</span></p></td></tr>
    2107. 

  2107. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2108. 

  2108. <p><span class="font12">Jiāo shū jièshao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2109. 

  2109. <p><span class="font12">to teach to introduce</span></p></td></tr>
    2110. 

  2110. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2111. 

  2111. <p><span class="font12">kōngpà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2112. 

  2112. <p><span class="font12">to be afraid that (something is or is not the case)</span></p></td></tr>
    2113. 

  2113. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2114. 

  2114. <p><span class="font12">suíbiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2115. 

  2115. <p><span class="font12">to be informal/casual; as you like as you wish, whatever suits you, ’’according to convenience”</span></p></td></tr>
    2116. 

  2116. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2117. 

  2117. <p><span class="font12">tài hǎo le! tīngbudǒng tīngdedǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2118. 

  2118. <p><span class="font12">wonderful!</span></p>
    2119. 

  2119. <p><span class="font12">cannot understand can understand</span></p></td></tr>
    2120. 

  2120. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2121. 

  2121. <p><span class="font12">xīwàng (xīwang)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2122. 

  2122. <p><span class="font12">to hope, to wish to</span></p></td></tr>
    2123. 

  2123. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2124. 

  2124. <p><span class="font12">yíyàng</span></p>
    2125. 

  2125. <p><span class="font12">you shíhou (you shihou)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2126. 

  2126. <p><span class="font12">to be alike/equal sometimes</span></p></td></tr>
    2127. 

  2127. </table>
    2128. 

  2128. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    2129. 

  2129. <table border="1">
    2130. 

  2130. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2131. 

  2131. <p><span class="font12">cānjiǎ</span></p>
    2132. 

  2132. <p><span class="font12">dǎ (ge) diànhuà hǎo de duō</span></p>
    2133. 

  2133. <p><span class="font12">ting diànhuà yǎnhuo yóuyuǎnhuì zhèng hǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2134. 

  2134. <p><span class="font12">to attend</span></p>
    2135. 

  2135. <p><span class="font12">to make a phone call much better</span></p>
    2136. 

  2136. <p><span class="font12">to answer the phone fireworks display carnival</span></p>
    2137. 

  2137. <p><span class="font12">just right</span></p></td></tr>
    2138. 

  2138. </table>
    2139. 

  2139. <h6><a name="bookmark45"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark102"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
    2140. 

  2140. <p><span class="font12">1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
    2141. 

  2141. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
    2142. 

  2142. <p><span class="font12">Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week?</span></p>
    2143. 

  2143. <p><span class="font12">I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a simple meal.</span></p>
    2144. 

  2144. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
    2145. 

  2145. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiàge Xīngqīliù</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;Saturday of next week.&quot; &quot;Saturday of this week&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèige Xīngqīliù</span><span class="font12">, and &quot;Saturday of last week&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàngge Xīngqīliù</span><span class="font12">.<a name="footnote6"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark103">6</a></sup></span></p>
    2146. 

  2146. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chī ge biànfàn</span><span class="font12">; Here the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to eat Csomething},&quot; takes the object </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">(yi)ge biànfàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;a simple/informal family meal.&quot; When talking about the general activity of eating, however, use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī</span><span class="font12"> with the general object </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàn</span><span class="font12">, literally &quot;(cooked) rice&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chī fàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to eat&quot;</span></p>
    2147. 

  2147. <p><span class="font12">The word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">biànfàn</span><span class="font12"> is used as a modest description in inviting guests for a meal served in the home. The meal is generally &quot;simple&quot; only in the sense of not being a banquet. A Chinese family meal usually consists of several dishes plus a soup.</span></p>
    2148. 

  2148. <p><span class="font12">2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?</span></p>
    2149. 

  2149. <p><span class="font12">A: Bu shi kèqi.</span></p>
    2150. 

  2150. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cōng Měiguo lai.</span></p>
    2151. 

  2151. <p><span class="font12">A: Tā xiànzài zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo JīngJixué.</span></p>
    2152. 

  2152. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
    2153. 

  2153. <p><span class="font12">Why is it necessary to be so polite? It’s not politeness.</span></p>
    2154. 

  2154. <p><span class="font12">I have a friend who has Just come from America.</span></p>
    2155. 

  2155. <p><span class="font12">She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.</span></p>
    2156. 

  2156. <p><span class="font12">I would very much like to introduce the two of you.</span></p>
    2157. 

  2157. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
    2158. 

  2158. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hébì</span><span class="font12"> is a somewhat formal way of saying ’’Why is it necessary to...?” </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">He</span><span class="font12"> is a literary word for ’’why.” </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bì</span><span class="font12"> is a literary word for ’’must.” (You may recognize it from </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú bì</span><span class="font12">, ’’need not,” &quot;to be unnecessary.’’)</span></p>
    2159. 

  2159. <p><span class="font12">Notice that the first speaker in exchange 2 does not respond to the dinner invitation with an immediate ’’Thank you, I would love to,&quot; as one might do in English. Instead, the Chinese prefer the equivalent of ’’That’s too kind of you&quot; or &quot;Oh, you really shouldn't.&quot; When you receive an indefinite invitation (like &quot;I hope you can come over to my house for dinner some day&quot;), do not ask immediately for the date and time. Rather, you should thank the person for his politeness and say that you also hope that you can get together. Vague invitations may simply be in superficial accordance with the rules of etiquette, and you might put your acquaintance on the spot by accepting.</span></p>
    2160. 

  2160. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bu shi kèqi</span><span class="font12"> is the appropriate response when a person suggests that you are treating him too politely.</span></p>
    2161. 

  2161. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to teach,&quot; is a verb which requires a general object when no specific object is mentioned. Contrast </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo shū</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to teach,&quot; with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo Jǐngjixué</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to teach economics.&quot;</span></p>
    2162. 

  2162. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǐmen liǎngwèi</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;the two of you,&quot; or &quot;you two.&quot; The other plural pronouns may be used similarly:</span></p>
    2163. 

  2163. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen sìge rén dōu yǐjing Those four have all been there already, qùguo le.</span></p>
    2164. 

  2164. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen sānge rén dōu xiang All three of them are planning to niàn lìshǐ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;study history.</span></p>
    2165. 

  2165. <p><span class="font12">A number phrase may also follow a list of nouns or pronouns in Chinese. Either the listing or the number is usually omitted in the English translation.</span></p>
    2166. 

  2166. <p><span class="font12">Wō, nǐ, tā sānge rén dōu qù, Why don’t all three of us go? hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
    2167. 

  2167. <p><span class="font12">Lǐ Xiānsheng gēn Wáng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Both Mr. Lī and Mr. Wáng (the two of</span></p>
    2168. 

  2168. <p><span class="font12">Xiānsheng liǎngwèi dōu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;them) called me.</span></p>
    2169. 

  2169. <p><span class="font12">gěi wo dǎle diànhuà le.</span></p>
    2170. 

  2170. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao</span><span class="font12">: There are two things to note in this sentence. First of all, while the English language &quot;introduces two people TO each other,&quot; the Chinese language &quot;introduces FOR the two people,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi...jièshao</span><span class="font12">. Secondly, the speaker has chosen to repeat the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jièshao</span><span class="font12">. In a sentence expressing the speaker's desired course of action, the reduplicated form of the verb makes the statement less blunt and demanding.</span></p>
    2171. 

  2171. <div>
    2172. 

  2172. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Nà tài hǎo le!</span></p>
    2173. 

  2173. <p><span class="font12">B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tantan.</span></p>
    2174. 

  2174. <p><span class="font12">B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.</span></p>
    2175. 

  2175. <p><span class="font12">B: Budàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.</span></p>
    2176. 

  2176. </div><br clear="all">
    2177. 

  2177. <div>
    2178. 

  2178. <p><span class="font12">That’s wonderful!</span></p>
    2179. 

  2179. <p><span class="font12">I wish very much to talk with her.</span></p>
    2180. 

  2180. <p><span class="font12">However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.</span></p>
    2181. 

  2181. <p><span class="font12">Not only don’t I speak well, (but) sometimes I can’t understand what I hear either.</span></p>
    2182. 

  2182. </div><br clear="all">
    2183. 

  2183. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
    2184. 

  2184. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tài hǎo le</span><span class="font12">, ’’wonderful,’’ or, more literally, ’’too good.’’ You have seen </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font12"> translated as ’’excessively,” or ’’too”: ”It’s too expensive!” </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tài guì le! </span><span class="font12">In other contexts, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font12"> simply indicates an extreme degree and is translated as ’’very.” When used this way, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font12"> is commonly heavily stressed.</span></p>
    2185. 

  2185. <p><span class="font12">Zhèiběn shū zhēn shi tài you This book is really very interesting! yìsi le!</span></p>
    2186. 

  2186. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Búguò</span><span class="font12">, ’’however,” is often interchangeable with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kěshi,</span><span class="font12"> ’’but,” and is therefore used more frequently than the English ’’however.”</span></p>
    2187. 

  2187. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kongpà</span><span class="font12"> means ”to be afraid </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">that</span><span class="font12"> Csomething is/is not the easel.” It sometimes means &quot;probably,&quot; as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèiběn shū kǒngpà shi tāde</span><span class="font12">, &quot;This book is probably his.”</span></p>
    2188. 

  2188. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Búdàn...yě...</span><span class="font12"> is equivalent to the English &quot;not only...but also....”</span></p>
    2189. 

  2189. <div>
    2190. 

  2190. <p><span class="font12">Here are some examples:</span></p>
    2191. 

  2191. </div><br clear="all">
    2192. 

  2192. <div>
    2193. 

  2193. <p><span class="font12">Tā </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">búdàn</span><span class="font12"> huì shuō Zhōngwén, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yě</span><span class="font12"> huì shuō Rìwén.</span></p>
    2194. 

  2194. <p><span class="font12">Tā </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">búdàn</span><span class="font12"> bù xīhuan hōngde, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yě</span><span class="font12"> bù xīhuan lǎnde.</span></p>
    2195. 

  2195. </div><br clear="all">
    2196. 

  2196. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Not only</span><span class="font12"> can he speak Chinese, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">but</span><span class="font12"> he can </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">also</span><span class="font12"> speak Japanese.</span></p>
    2197. 

  2197. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Not only</span><span class="font12"> doesn’t he like the red one, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">but</span><span class="font12"> he doesn’t like the blue one </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">either</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2198. 

  2198. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tīngbudǒng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;can’t understand&quot;: The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǒng</span><span class="font12"> is used to indicate the result in a compound verb of result. Here is another example of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dǒng</span><span class="font12"> used in this way:</span></p>
    2199. 

  2199. <p><span class="font12">Zhōngwén bàozhī nī kàndedǒng Can you read (and understand) Chinese kànbudǒng? newspapers?</span></p>
    2200. 

  2200. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shuōde bù hǎo</span><span class="font12"> VS. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tīngbudǒng</span><span class="font12">: The many ways in which one-syllable Chinese verbs may be combined to make patterns and compounds can be confusing. In No. 3, you see both an action verb and its manner adverb (in the negative), </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuōde bù hǎo,</span><span class="font12"> and a compound verb of result (in its &quot;unable&quot; form), </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tīngbudǒng</span><span class="font12">. Compare these two forms:</span></p>
    2201. 

  2201. <p><span class="font12">ACTION &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ACTION MARKER or NEG.</span></p>
    2202. 

  2202. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">VERB &nbsp;&nbsp;MARKER NEG. ADV. MANNER VERB (not both) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;RESULT</span></p>
    2203. 

  2203. <div>
    2204. 

  2204. <table border="1">
    2205. 

  2205. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2206. 

  2206. <p><span class="font12">tīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2207. 

  2207. <p><span class="font12">-bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2208. 

  2208. <p><span class="font12">-dǒng</span></p></td></tr>
    2209. 

  2209. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2210. 

  2210. <p><span class="font12">ting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2211. 

  2211. <p><span class="font12">-de</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2212. 

  2212. <p><span class="font12">-dǒng</span></p></td></tr>
    2213. 

  2213. </table>
    2214. 

  2214. </div><br clear="all">
    2215. 

  2215. <div style="border:solid;">
    2216. 

  2216. <table border="1">
    2217. 

  2217. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2218. 

  2218. <p><span class="font12">shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2219. 

  2219. <p><span class="font12">-DE</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2220. 

  2220. <p><span class="font12">bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2221. 

  2221. <p><span class="font12">hǎo</span></p></td></tr>
    2222. 

  2222. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2223. 

  2223. <p><span class="font12">shuō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2224. 

  2224. <p><span class="font12">-DE</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2225. 

  2225. <p><span class="font12">hěn hǎo</span></p></td></tr>
    2226. 

  2226. </table>
    2227. 

  2227. </div><br clear="all">
    2228. 

  2228. <p><span class="font12">The marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de</span><span class="font12"> is always part of the manner adverb expression but alternates with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12"> in compound verbs of result. Manner adverb expressions expand to allow not only for negation but also for additional adverbs such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tài</span><span class="font12">. Compound verbs of result cannot do this. There are always three, and only three, parts to the compound verb of result.</span></p>
    2229. 

  2229. <div>
    2230. 

  2230. <p><span class="font12">1+. A: Náli, náli.</span></p>
    2231. 

  2231. <p><span class="font12">A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hāo.</span></p>
    2232. 

  2232. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiān ban duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?</span></p>
    2233. 

  2233. <p><span class="font12">B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.</span></p>
    2234. 

  2234. </div><br clear="all">
    2235. 

  2235. <div>
    2236. 

  2236. <p><span class="font12">Not at all, not at all.</span></p>
    2237. 

  2237. <p><span class="font12">You speak as well as an American.</span></p>
    2238. 

  2238. </div><br clear="all">
    2239. 

  2239. <div>
    2240. 

  2240. <p><span class="font12">How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?</span></p>
    2241. 

  2241. <p><span class="font12">That would be fine.</span></p>
    2242. 

  2242. </div><br clear="all">
    2243. 

  2243. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 1+-5</span></p>
    2244. 

  2244. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn...yíyàng hǎo</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíyàng</span><span class="font12"> is an adjectival verb meaning &quot;to be the same.&quot; When a sentence tells you in what respect the compared items are alike, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíyàng</span><span class="font12"> acts as an adverb and may be translated as &quot;equally.&quot;</span></p>
    2245. 

  2245. <table border="1">
    2246. 

  2246. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2247. 

  2247. <p><span class="font12">Women liāngge rénde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2248. 

  2248. <p><span class="font12">yíyàng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2249. 

  2249. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2250. 

  2250. <p><span class="font12">(the cars belonging to the two of us</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2251. 

  2251. <p><span class="font12">alike)</span></p></td></tr>
    2252. 

  2252. </table>
    2253. 

  2253. <p><span class="font12">&quot;Our cars are alike.&quot;</span></p>
    2254. 

  2254. <table border="1">
    2255. 

  2255. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2256. 

  2256. <p><span class="font12">Women liangge rénde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2257. 

  2257. <p><span class="font12">yíyàng guì.</span></p></td></tr>
    2258. 

  2258. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2259. 

  2259. <p><span class="font12">(the cars belonging to the two of us</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2260. 

  2260. <p><span class="font12">equally expensive)</span></p></td></tr>
    2261. 

  2261. </table>
    2262. 

  2262. <p><span class="font12">&quot;Our cars are equally expensive.&quot;</span></p>
    2263. 

  2263. <p><span class="font12">The area of comparability may be described by predicates other than adjectival verbs.</span></p>
    2264. 

  2264. <table border="1">
    2265. 

  2265. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2266. 

  2266. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen liāngge rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2267. 

  2267. <p><span class="font12">dōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2268. 

  2268. <p><span class="font12">yíyàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2269. 

  2269. <p><span class="font12">xlhuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2270. 

  2270. <p><span class="font12">niàn shū.</span></p></td></tr>
    2271. 

  2271. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2272. 

  2272. <p><span class="font12">(the two of them</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2273. 

  2273. <p><span class="font12">both</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2274. 

  2274. <p><span class="font12">equally</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2275. 

  2275. <p><span class="font12">like</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2276. 

  2276. <p><span class="font12">to study)</span></p></td></tr>
    2277. 

  2277. </table>
    2278. 

  2278. <p><span class="font12">&quot;The two of them are equally studious.&quot;</span></p>
    2279. 

  2279. <p><span class="font12">The items being compared may be expressed separately, using </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12">. In this case, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12"> is the prepositional verb meaning &quot;with.&quot; The item preceding </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn </span><span class="font12">is compared WITH the object of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2280. 

  2280. <table border="1">
    2281. 

  2281. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2282. 

  2282. <p><span class="font12">Wǒde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2283. 

  2283. <p><span class="font12">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2284. 

  2284. <p><span class="font12">tāde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2285. 

  2285. <p><span class="font12">yíyàng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2286. 

  2286. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2287. 

  2287. <p><span class="font12">(my car</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2288. 

  2288. <p><span class="font12">with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2289. 

  2289. <p><span class="font12">his car</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2290. 

  2290. <p><span class="font12">alike)</span></p></td></tr>
    2291. 

  2291. </table>
    2292. 

  2292. <p><span class="font12">&quot;My car is like his.&quot;</span></p>
    2293. 

  2293. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font12"> may be used to compare nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, and clauses. Often one of the two phrases or clauses is a shorter form of the other.</span></p>
    2294. 

  2294. <table border="1">
    2295. 

  2295. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2296. 

  2296. <p><span class="font12">Nī shuōde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2297. 

  2297. <p><span class="font12">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2298. 

  2298. <p><span class="font12">Měiguo rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2299. 

  2299. <p><span class="font12">(shuōde)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2300. 

  2300. <p><span class="font12">yíyàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2301. 

  2301. <p><span class="font12">hǎo.</span></p></td></tr>
    2302. 

  2302. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2303. 

  2303. <p><span class="font12">(you speak</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2304. 

  2304. <p><span class="font12">with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2305. 

  2305. <p><span class="font12">American</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2306. 

  2306. <p><span class="font12">L speakJ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2307. 

  2307. <p><span class="font12">equally</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2308. 

  2308. <p><span class="font12">good)</span></p></td></tr>
    2309. 

  2309. </table>
    2310. 

  2310. <p><span class="font12">&quot;You speak as well as an American.&quot;</span></p>
    2311. 

  2311. <table border="1">
    2312. 

  2312. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2313. 

  2313. <p><span class="font12">Wǒde chē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2314. 

  2314. <p><span class="font12">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2315. 

  2315. <p><span class="font12">tāde (chē)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2316. 

  2316. <p><span class="font12">yíyàng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2317. 

  2317. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2318. 

  2318. <p><span class="font12">(my car</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2319. 

  2319. <p><span class="font12">with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2320. 

  2320. <p><span class="font12">his tear]</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2321. 

  2321. <p><span class="font12">alike)</span></p></td></tr>
    2322. 

  2322. </table>
    2323. 

  2323. <p><span class="font12">&quot;My car is like his (car).&quot;</span></p>
    2324. 

  2324. <table border="1">
    2325. 

  2325. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2326. 

  2326. <p><span class="font12">Nī (kāide)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2327. 

  2327. <p><span class="font12">gēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2328. 

  2328. <p><span class="font12">wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2329. 

  2329. <p><span class="font12">kāide</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2330. 

  2330. <p><span class="font12">yíyàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2331. 

  2331. <p><span class="font12">kuài.</span></p></td></tr>
    2332. 

  2332. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2333. 

  2333. <p><span class="font12">(you CdriveJ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2334. 

  2334. <p><span class="font12">with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2335. 

  2335. <p><span class="font12">me</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2336. 

  2336. <p><span class="font12">drive</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2337. 

  2337. <p><span class="font12">equally</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2338. 

  2338. <p><span class="font12">fast)</span></p></td></tr>
    2339. 

  2339. </table>
    2340. 

  2340. <p><span class="font12">&quot;You drive as fast as I do.&quot;</span></p>
    2341. 

  2341. <div>
    2342. 

  2342. <p><span class="font12">6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suitiàn.</span></p>
    2343. 

  2343. <p><span class="font12">B: Nà jiù xiān xiè le.</span></p>
    2344. 

  2344. </div><br clear="all">
    2345. 

  2345. <div>
    2346. 

  2346. <p><span class="font12">I haven’t invited anyone special.</span></p>
    2347. 

  2347. <p><span class="font12">It’s very informal.</span></p>
    2348. 

  2348. <p><span class="font12">Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.</span></p>
    2349. 

  2349. </div><br clear="all">
    2350. 

  2350. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
    2351. 

  2351. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Méi qīng shénme rén</span><span class="font12">: In this sentence, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénme</span><span class="font12"> is not the question word &quot;what&quot; but is theindefinite &quot;any.&quot; When used with bù or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénme rén</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;anyone special,&quot; or &quot;anyone in particular.&quot; All question words may follow the verbs in negative statements to give similar meanings. Here are some examples of &quot;any___ special&quot; meanings:</span></p>
    2352. 

  2352. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12"> chī </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shénme</span><span class="font12"> fàn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I did</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">n’t</span><span class="font12"> eat </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">much of anything</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2353. 

  2353. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12"> gēn </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shéi</span><span class="font12"> qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I di</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dn’t</span><span class="font12"> go with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">anybody special</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2354. 

  2354. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12"> dào </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nǎr</span><span class="font12"> qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I did</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">n’t</span><span class="font12"> go </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">anyplace in particular</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2355. 

  2355. <div>
    2356. 

  2356. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méiy</span><span class="font12">ou </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">duōshao</span><span class="font12"> qián.</span></p>
    2357. 

  2357. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú</span><span class="font12"> yào </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jlge</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2358. 

  2358. </div><br clear="all">
    2359. 

  2359. <p><span class="font12">I do</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">n’t</span><span class="font12"> have </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">any</span><span class="font12"> money </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">to speak of</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2360. 

  2360. <p><span class="font12">I do</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">n't</span><span class="font12"> want </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hut a few</span><span class="font12">. (I want only a few.)</span></p>
    2361. 

  2361. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suíbiàn</span><span class="font12"> is a frequently used expression which has connotations of &quot;casual,&quot; as contrasted with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kèqi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;proper&quot; or &quot;formal.&quot; Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">suíbiàn </span><span class="font12">means &quot;according to convenience.&quot; Here are some examples:</span></p>
    2362. 

  2362. <p><span class="font12">Zenme zuò? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How shall we do it?</span></p>
    2363. 

  2363. <p><span class="font12">Suíbiàn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;However you like.</span></p>
    2364. 

  2364. <p><span class="font12">Suíbiàn shenme shíhou lái. Come anytime you like.</span></p>
    2365. 

  2365. <p><span class="font12">Suíbiàn zuò nǎr dōu kéyi. You may sit anywhere you like.</span></p>
    2366. 

  2366. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nà jiù xiān xiè le</span><span class="font12">: In this sentence, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nà</span><span class="font12"> is acting as an adverb meaning &quot;in that case,&quot; &quot;if so,&quot; or &quot;then.&quot; The English translation &quot;I'll thank you in advance, then&quot; is very formal. You would be more likely to say something like &quot;Great. I'm looking forward to it.&quot;</span></p>
    2367. 

  2367. <table border="1">
    2368. 

  2368. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2369. 

  2369. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2370. 

  2370. <p><span class="font12">7. bù tóng</span></p></li>
    2371. 

  2371. <li>
    2372. 

  2372. <p><span class="font12">8. chá</span></p></li>
    2373. 

  2373. <li>
    2374. 

  2374. <p><span class="font12">9. chi fàn</span></p></li>
    2375. 

  2375. <li>
    2376. 

  2376. <p><span class="font12">10. dànshi</span></p></li>
    2377. 

  2377. <li>
    2378. 

  2378. <p><span class="font12">11. érqiě</span></p></li>
    2379. 

  2379. <li>
    2380. 

  2380. <p><span class="font12">12. fàn</span></p></li>
    2381. 

  2381. <li>
    2382. 

  2382. <p><span class="font12">13. hē</span></p></li></ul>
    2383. 

  2383. <p><span class="font12">1H. j iāo shū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2384. 

  2384. <p><span class="font12">to be different tea</span></p>
    2385. 

  2385. <p><span class="font12">to eat, to have a meal but furthermore, moreover (cooked) rice to drink</span></p>
    2386. 

  2386. <p><span class="font12">to teach</span></p></td></tr>
    2387. 

  2387. </table>
    2388. 

  2388. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
    2389. 

  2389. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù tong</span><span class="font12"> may be used in much the same way as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù yíyàng</span><span class="font12">. Note that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù tong </span><span class="font12">occurs only in the negative. (There is no </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǒng</span><span class="font12">.^</span></p>
    2390. 

  2390. <p><span class="font12">Shànghǎi huà he Běi jIng huà The. Shànghǎi dialect and the Běi jIng hen bù tong. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dialect are very different.</span></p>
    2391. 

  2391. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chi fàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to eat,&quot; is an example of a verb plus a general object used to express a general activity. The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chi</span><span class="font12"> may also take specific objects, such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">miàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;noodles.&quot;</span></p>
    2392. 

  2392. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dànshi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;but,&quot; is used much like </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kǎshi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;but.&quot;</span></p>
    2393. 

  2393. <p><span class="font12">Hebei rén tīngdedǒng Beijing Can people from Héběi understand huà ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the Beijing dialect?</span></p>
    2394. 

  2394. <p><span class="font12">Tingdedǒng, dànshi Héběi huà Yes, but the Héběi dialect and the hé BěiJIng huà bù yíyàng. Běijlng dialect are different.</span></p>
    2395. 

  2395. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Érqiě</span><span class="font12">, &quot;furthermore,” ’’moreover”: Use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">érqiě</span><span class="font12"> at 'the beginning of a sentence or clause.</span></p>
    2396. 

  2396. <p><span class="font12">Zhèige huāpíng tài guì, érqiě This vase is too expensive, and yě tài dà le. Wǒ bù xiǎng furthermore it’s too big. I don’t mǎi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;want to buy it.</span></p>
    2397. 

  2397. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;(cooked) rice”: The definition of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fàn</span><span class="font12"> is qualified as &quot;cooked” because the Chinese use several words for &quot;rice,&quot; depending on whether it is in the field, ready to cook, or on the table.</span></p>
    2398. 

  2398. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo shū</span><span class="font12"> is a verb plus a general object meaning &quot;to teach.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo</span><span class="font12"> may be used without its general object, as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo Zhōngwén</span><span class="font12">, &quot;teach the Chinese language.”</span></p>
    2399. 

  2399. <div>
    2400. 

  2400. <h6><a name="bookmark55"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark104"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
    2401. 

  2401. </div><br clear="all">
    2402. 

  2402. <p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
    2403. 

  2403. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2404. 

  2404. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī míngtiān</span></p></li></ul>
    2405. 

  2405. <p><span class="font12">míngtiān wǎnshang you &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;zǎoshang you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
    2406. 

  2406. <p><span class="font12">gōngfu ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Section Chief Huang, are you</span></p>
    2407. 

  2407. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) míngtiān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;free tomorrow morning?)</span></p>
    2408. 

  2408. <p><span class="font12">zǎoshang</span></p>
    2409. 

  2409. <p><span class="font12">(Section Chief Huang, are you free tomorrow evening?)</span></p>
    2410. 

  2410. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2411. 

  2411. <p><span class="font12">2. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni míngtiān zǎoshang you gōngfu ma? Xīngqīsì</span></p></li>
    2412. 

  2412. <li>
    2413. 

  2413. <p><span class="font12">3. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma? jīntiān wǎnshang</span></p></li></ul>
    2414. 

  2414. <p><span class="font12">U. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma? xià Xīngqīliù</span></p>
    2415. 

  2415. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2416. 

  2416. <p><span class="font12">5. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    2417. 

  2417. <p><span class="font12">zhèige Xīngqīwǔ</span></p>
    2418. 

  2418. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2419. 

  2419. <p><span class="font12">6. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma? zhèige yuè qíhào</span></p></li>
    2420. 

  2420. <li>
    2421. 

  2421. <p><span class="font12">7. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    2422. 

  2422. <p><span class="font12">Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
    2423. 

  2423. <p><span class="font12">Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
    2424. 

  2424. <p><span class="font12">Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
    2425. 

  2425. <p><span class="font12">Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
    2426. 

  2426. <p><span class="font12">Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?</span></p>
    2427. 

  2427. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2428. 

  2428. <p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    2429. 

  2429. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2430. 

  2430. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wo xiǎng qing nín. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) women jiā</span></p></li></ul>
    2431. 

  2431. <p><span class="font12">(l would like to invite you.)</span></p>
    2432. 

  2432. <p><span class="font12">OR Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) fànguǎnr</span></p>
    2433. 

  2433. <p><span class="font12">(I would like to invite you.)</span></p>
    2434. 

  2434. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2435. 

  2435. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā xiǎng qíng nín.</span></p></li></ul>
    2436. 

  2436. <p><span class="font12">Mínzú Fàndiàn</span></p>
    2437. 

  2437. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2438. 

  2438. <p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín. wǒ fùmǔ jiā</span></p></li></ul>
    2439. 

  2439. <p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín.</span></p>
    2440. 

  2440. <p><span class="font12">Beijing Fàndiǎn</span></p>
    2441. 

  2441. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. neige fanguǎnr</span></p>
    2442. 

  2442. <p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. wǒ jiā</span></p>
    2443. 

  2443. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
    2444. 

  2444. <p><span class="font12">(I would like to invite you to our house for a simple meal.)</span></p>
    2445. 

  2445. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
    2446. 

  2446. <p><span class="font12">(l would like to invite you to go to a restaurant for a simple meal.)</span></p>
    2447. 

  2447. <p><span class="font12">Tā xiǎng qīng nín dào Mínzú Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
    2448. 

  2448. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ fùmǔ Jiā lái chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
    2449. 

  2449. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào Běijīng Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
    2450. 

  2450. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào neige fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
    2451. 

  2451. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.</span></p>
    2452. 

  2452. <p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
    2453. 

  2453. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2454. 

  2454. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) jīngjixué (Does he work at Taiwan University?)</span></p></li>
    2455. 

  2455. <li>
    2456. 

  2456. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā zài Dezhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? lìshī</span></p></li>
    2457. 

  2457. <li>
    2458. 

  2458. <p><span class="font12">3. Lī Xiānsheng zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? zhèngzhixué</span></p></li></ul>
    2459. 

  2459. <p><span class="font12">U. Chén Xiānsheng zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Zhōngwén</span></p>
    2460. 

  2460. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2461. 

  2461. <p><span class="font12">5. Andesēn Xiānsheng zài Taiwān Dàxué gōngzuò ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    2462. 

  2462. <p><span class="font12">Yīngguo wénxué</span></p>
    2463. 

  2463. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.</span></p>
    2464. 

  2464. <p><span class="font12">(That’s right. He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)</span></p>
    2465. 

  2465. <p><span class="font12">Duì le. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué jiāo lìshī.</span></p>
    2466. 

  2466. <p><span class="font12">Duì le. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo zhèngzhixué.</span></p>
    2467. 

  2467. <p><span class="font12">Duì le. Tā zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué jiāo Zhōngwén.</span></p>
    2468. 

  2468. <p><span class="font12">Duì le. Tā zài Taiwān Dàxué Jiāo Yīngguo wénxué.</span></p>
    2469. 

  2469. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2470. 

  2470. <p><span class="font12">6. Wang Xiānsheng zài Tàiwan Dàxué gōngzuè ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    2471. 

  2471. <p><span class="font12">Zhōngguo wénxué</span></p>
    2472. 

  2472. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2473. 

  2473. <p><span class="font12">7. Zhào Xiáojie zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    2474. 

  2474. <p><span class="font12">Zhōngguo lìshǐ</span></p>
    2475. 

  2475. <p><span class="font12">Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo wénxué.</span></p>
    2476. 

  2476. <p><span class="font12">Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo lìshǐ.</span></p>
    2477. 

  2477. <p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
    2478. 

  2478. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2479. 

  2479. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.</span></p></li></ul>
    2480. 

  2480. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Wàng Tongzhì (i’ll introduce you.)</span></p>
    2481. 

  2481. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2482. 

  2482. <p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Liu Tōngzhì</span></p></li>
    2483. 

  2483. <li>
    2484. 

  2484. <p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhào Tōngzhì</span></p></li></ul>
    2485. 

  2485. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2486. 

  2486. <p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Xiānsheng</span></p></li></ul>
    2487. 

  2487. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2488. 

  2488. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Yang Nushì</span></p></li>
    2489. 

  2489. <li>
    2490. 

  2490. <p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Kēzhǎng</span></p></li>
    2491. 

  2491. <li>
    2492. 

  2492. <p><span class="font12">7. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Lǐ Shàoxiào</span></p></li></ul>
    2493. 

  2493. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Wang Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao (l would very much like to introduce you and Comrade Wang.)</span></p>
    2494. 

  2494. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Liu Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
    2495. 

  2495. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhào Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
    2496. 

  2496. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Xiānsheng Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
    2497. 

  2497. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Yang Nushì Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
    2498. 

  2498. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
    2499. 

  2499. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Lǐ Shàoxiào Jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
    2500. 

  2500. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2501. 

  2501. <p><span class="font12">E.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    2502. 

  2502. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2503. 

  2503. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā tīngbujiàn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā búdàn tīngbujiàn yě</span></p></li></ul>
    2504. 

  2504. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) kànbujiàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kànbujiàn.</span></p>
    2505. 

  2505. <p><span class="font12">(He can’t hear.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Not only can’t he hear, CbutJ</span></p>
    2506. 

  2506. <p><span class="font12">he can’t see either.)</span></p>
    2507. 

  2507. <table border="1">
    2508. 

  2508. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2509. 

  2509. <p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2510. 

  2510. <p><span class="font12">Tā shuōbuduì.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2511. 

  2511. <p><span class="font12">tīngbudǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2512. 

  2512. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě tīngbudǒng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2513. 

  2513. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2514. 

  2514. <p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2515. 

  2515. <p><span class="font12">Tā chībuhǎo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2516. 

  2516. <p><span class="font12">hēbuhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2517. 

  2517. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn chībuhǎo yě hēbuhǎo.</span></p></td></tr>
    2518. 

  2518. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2519. 

  2519. <p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2520. 

  2520. <p><span class="font12">Tā shuōbuduì.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2521. 

  2521. <p><span class="font12">xiěbuduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2522. 

  2522. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě xiěbuduì.</span></p></td></tr>
    2523. 

  2523. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2524. 

  2524. <p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2525. 

  2525. <p><span class="font12">Tā kànbudǒng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2526. 

  2526. <p><span class="font12">tīngbudǒng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2527. 

  2527. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn kànbudǒng yě tīngbudǒng.</span></p></td></tr>
    2528. 

  2528. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2529. 

  2529. <p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2530. 

  2530. <p><span class="font12">Tā tīngbudǒng.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2531. 

  2531. <p><span class="font12">shuōbuduì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2532. 

  2532. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuduì.</span></p></td></tr>
    2533. 

  2533. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2534. 

  2534. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2535. 

  2535. <p><span class="font12">Tā kànbujiàn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2536. 

  2536. <p><span class="font12">tīngbujiàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2537. 

  2537. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbujiàn.</span></p></td></tr>
    2538. 

  2538. </table>
    2539. 

  2539. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2540. 

  2540. <p><span class="font12">F.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Combination Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    2541. 

  2541. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2542. 

  2542. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Tā tīngbudǒng.</span></p></li></ul>
    2543. 

  2543. <p><span class="font12">(He speaks poorly. He can’t understand.)</span></p>
    2544. 

  2544. <p><span class="font12">OR Tā shuōde bù hao. Wō shuōde bù hāo.</span></p>
    2545. 

  2545. <p><span class="font12">(He speaks poorly. I speak poorly.)</span></p>
    2546. 

  2546. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2547. 

  2547. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā niànde hǎo. Tā xiědehǎo.</span></p></li>
    2548. 

  2548. <li>
    2549. 

  2549. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā niànde hǎo. Wō niànde hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    2550. 

  2550. <p><span class="font12">U. Tā tīngbudǒng. Tā shuōbuhǎo.</span></p>
    2551. 

  2551. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2552. 

  2552. <p><span class="font12">5. Tā kāide bù hǎo. Wō kāide bù hǎo.</span></p></li>
    2553. 

  2553. <li>
    2554. 

  2554. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā kànbujiàn. Tā tīngbudǒng.</span></p></li></ul>
    2555. 

  2555. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā búdàn shuōde bù hǎo yě tīngbudǒng.</span></p>
    2556. 

  2556. <p><span class="font12">(He not only speaks poorly, Cbutl he can’t understand either.)</span></p>
    2557. 

  2557. <p><span class="font12">Búdàn tā shuōde bù hǎo wǒ yě shuōde bù hǎo.</span></p>
    2558. 

  2558. <p><span class="font12">(Not only does he speak poorly, LbutJ I speak poorly too.)</span></p>
    2559. 

  2559. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn niànde hǎo yě xiědehǎo.</span></p>
    2560. 

  2560. <p><span class="font12">Búdàn tā niànde hǎo wǒ yě niànde hǎo.</span></p>
    2561. 

  2561. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuhǎo.</span></p>
    2562. 

  2562. <p><span class="font12">Búdàn tā kāide bù hǎo wǒ yě kāide bù hǎo.</span></p>
    2563. 

  2563. <p><span class="font12">Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbudǒng.</span></p>
    2564. 

  2564. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2565. 

  2565. <p><span class="font12">G.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    2566. 

  2566. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2567. 

  2567. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ bù néng dào Zhōngguo qù. Wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng.</span></p></li></ul>
    2568. 

  2568. <p><span class="font12">(I can’t go to China. My Chinese isn’t good enough.)</span></p>
    2569. 

  2569. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2570. 

  2570. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā bù kéyi xué Zhōngwén. Tā méiyou gōngfu.</span></p></li>
    2571. 

  2571. <li>
    2572. 

  2572. <p><span class="font12">3. Wo bù kéyi mai dōngxi. Wode qién bú gōu.</span></p></li></ul>
    2573. 

  2573. <p><span class="font12">U. W3 bù néng qù kàn péngyou. W3 méiyou gōngfu.</span></p>
    2574. 

  2574. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2575. 

  2575. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ bù néng shuō Zhōngguo hui. Wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.</span></p></li>
    2576. 

  2576. <li>
    2577. 

  2577. <p><span class="font12">6. W3 bù néng gēn tā qù chī fàn.</span></p></li></ul>
    2578. 

  2578. <p><span class="font12">W3 méiyou shíjiān.</span></p>
    2579. 

  2579. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2580. 

  2580. <p><span class="font12">7. Wo bù kéyi qù kāi huì. W3 tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.</span></p></li></ul>
    2581. 

  2581. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: W3 hen xīwàng dào Zhōngguo qù, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng.</span></p>
    2582. 

  2582. <p><span class="font12">(I hope very much to go to China, but I’m afraid my Chinese isn’t good enough.)</span></p>
    2583. 

  2583. <p><span class="font12">Tā hen xīwàng xué Zhōngwén, búguō kǒngpà tā méiyou gōngfu.</span></p>
    2584. 

  2584. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hen xīwàng mai dōngxi, búguō kǒngpà wǒde qián bú gòu.</span></p>
    2585. 

  2585. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kàn péngyou, búguō kǒngpà w3 méiyou gōngfu.</span></p>
    2586. 

  2586. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hen xīwàng shuō Zhōngguo huà, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.</span></p>
    2587. 

  2587. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hen xīwàng gēn tā qù chī fàn, búguō kongpà wǒ méiyou shíjiān.</span></p>
    2588. 

  2588. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kāi huì, búguō kǒngpà wǒ tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.</span></p>
    2589. 

  2589. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2590. 

  2590. <p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
    2591. 

  2591. <li>
    2592. 

  2592. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nīde chá gēn tāde yíyàng duō.</span></p></li></ul>
    2593. 

  2593. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) hē</span></p>
    2594. 

  2594. <p><span class="font12">(You have as much tea as he does.)</span></p>
    2595. 

  2595. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2596. 

  2596. <p><span class="font12">2. Nīde dōngxi gēn tāde yíyàng piányi. mai</span></p></li>
    2597. 

  2597. <li>
    2598. 

  2598. <p><span class="font12">3. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng duō. niàn</span></p></li></ul>
    2599. 

  2599. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2600. 

  2600. <p><span class="font12">U. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng hao. jiāo</span></p></li></ul>
    2601. 

  2601. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nī hē chā, hēde gēn tā yíyàng duō.</span></p>
    2602. 

  2602. <p><span class="font12">(You drink as much tea as he does.)</span></p>
    2603. 

  2603. <p><span class="font12">Nī mai dōngxi, maide gēn tā yíyàng piényi.</span></p>
    2604. 

  2604. <p><span class="font12">Nī niàn shū, niànde gēn tā yíyàng duō.</span></p>
    2605. 

  2605. <p><span class="font12">Nī jiāo shū, jiāode gēn tā yíyàng hāo.</span></p>
    2606. 

  2606. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2607. 

  2607. <p><span class="font12">5. Nīde fan gēn tāde yíyàng duo. chī</span></p></li>
    2608. 

  2608. <li>
    2609. 

  2609. <p><span class="font12">6. Nīde diànhuà gēn tāde yíyàng duō. dǎ</span></p></li>
    2610. 

  2610. <li>
    2611. 

  2611. <p><span class="font12">7. Níde Zhōngguo huà gēn tāde yíyàng hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shuō</span></p></li></ul>
    2612. 

  2612. <p><span class="font12">Nī chī fàn, chide gēn tā yíyàng duō.</span></p>
    2613. 

  2613. <p><span class="font12">Nī dǎ diànhuà, dǎde gen tā yíyàng duō.</span></p>
    2614. 

  2614. <p><span class="font12">Nī shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde gēn tā yíyàng hǎo.</span></p>
    2615. 

  2615. <p><span class="font12">I. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
    2616. 

  2616. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2617. 

  2617. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nī qīngle jīge rén? (How many people did you invite?)</span></p></li></ul>
    2618. 

  2618. <p><span class="font12">OR Tā hē shénme? (What does he drink?)</span></p>
    2619. 

  2619. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2620. 

  2620. <p><span class="font12">2. Nī qīng shéi?</span></p></li>
    2621. 

  2621. <li>
    2622. 

  2622. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā mǎile jīběn shū?</span></p></li></ul>
    2623. 

  2623. <p><span class="font12">U. Nī qīng shénme rén?</span></p>
    2624. 

  2624. <p><span class="font12">5. Tā dào nǎr qù le?</span></p>
    2625. 

  2625. <p><span class="font12">6. NĪ you duōshao qián?</span></p>
    2626. 

  2626. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wō méi qīng jīge rén.</span></p>
    2627. 

  2627. <p><span class="font12">(I didn’t invite many at all.)</span></p>
    2628. 

  2628. <p><span class="font12">Tā bù hē shénme.</span></p>
    2629. 

  2629. <p><span class="font12">(He doesn’t drink much of anything.)</span></p>
    2630. 

  2630. <p><span class="font12">Wō bù qīng shéi.</span></p>
    2631. 

  2631. <p><span class="font12">Tā méi mǎi jīben shū.</span></p>
    2632. 

  2632. <p><span class="font12">Wō bù qīng shénme rén.</span></p>
    2633. 

  2633. <p><span class="font12">Tā méi dào nǎr qù.</span></p>
    2634. 

  2634. <p><span class="font12">Wō méiyōu duōshao qiān.</span></p>
    2635. 

  2635. <h5><a name="bookmark105"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark106"></a>UNIT 4</span></h5>
    2636. 

  2636. <h6><a name="bookmark56"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark107"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
    2637. 

  2637. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2638. 

  2638. <p><span class="font12">1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.</span></p></li></ul>
    2639. 

  2639. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2640. 

  2640. <p><span class="font12">A: Qǐng jin.</span></p></li></ul>
    2641. 

  2641. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2642. 

  2642. <p><span class="font12">2. B: FÙ Tàitai, nín hǎo?</span></p></li></ul>
    2643. 

  2643. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2644. 

  2644. <p><span class="font12">B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.</span></p></li></ul>
    2645. 

  2645. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2646. 

  2646. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Wo zhīdào nín xīhuan shānshuǐ huà.</span></p></li></ul>
    2647. 

  2647. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2648. 

  2648. <p><span class="font12">B: Tebié qīng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.</span></p></li></ul>
    2649. 

  2649. <p><span class="font12">*A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie.</span></p>
    2650. 

  2650. <p><span class="font12">A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
    2651. 

  2651. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2652. 

  2652. <p><span class="font12">4. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Tǎidà jiāo Jīngjixué.</span></p></li></ul>
    2653. 

  2653. <p><span class="font12">A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Tǎiwān Yínhǎng gōngzuò.</span></p>
    2654. 

  2654. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2655. 

  2655. <p><span class="font12">A: Zhèiwei shi Huang Tàitai.</span></p></li></ul>
    2656. 

  2656. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2657. 

  2657. <p><span class="font12">5. B: Jiuyǎng, jiùyǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
    2658. 

  2658. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2659. 

  2659. <p><span class="font12">B: Nín lǎile duo jiǔ le?</span></p></li>
    2660. 

  2660. <li>
    2661. 

  2661. <p><span class="font12">C: Jiuyǎng. Wǒ gāng lǎi liāngge yuè.</span></p></li></ul>
    2662. 

  2662. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2663. 

  2663. <p><span class="font12">6. C: Hǎi you hen duō bù shǒuxide dìfang.</span></p></li></ul>
    2664. 

  2664. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2665. 

  2665. <p><span class="font12">C: Yīhòu hǎi yào xiàng nín qīngjiào.</span></p></li></ul>
    2666. 

  2666. <p><span class="font12">Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome.</span></p>
    2667. 

  2667. <p><span class="font12">Please come in.</span></p>
    2668. 

  2668. <p><span class="font12">How are you, Mrs. Franklin?</span></p>
    2669. 

  2669. <p><span class="font12">Here is a small token of appreciation.</span></p>
    2670. 

  2670. <p><span class="font12">I know you like landscape paintings.</span></p>
    2671. 

  2671. <p><span class="font12">I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.</span></p>
    2672. 

  2672. <p><span class="font12">You are really too polite. Thanks.</span></p>
    2673. 

  2673. <p><span class="font12">Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.</span></p>
    2674. 

  2674. <p><span class="font12">This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.</span></p>
    2675. 

  2675. <p><span class="font12">Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huǎng, who works at the Bank of Taiwan.</span></p>
    2676. 

  2676. <p><span class="font12">This is Mrs. Huǎng.</span></p>
    2677. 

  2677. <p><span class="font12">Glad to meet you.</span></p>
    2678. 

  2678. <p><span class="font12">How long have you been here?</span></p>
    2679. 

  2679. <p><span class="font12">Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.</span></p>
    2680. 

  2680. <p><span class="font12">There is still much I’m not familiar with.</span></p>
    2681. 

  2681. <p><span class="font12">Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.</span></p>
    2682. 

  2682. <p><span class="font12">*The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.</span></p>
    2683. 

  2683. <div>
    2684. 

  2684. <p><span class="font12">7. B: Náli, nèli.</span></p>
    2685. 

  2685. <p><span class="font12">B: Xīwang yīhòu you jīhui duō jiànmièn.</span></p>
    2686. 

  2686. </div><br clear="all">
    2687. 

  2687. <div>
    2688. 

  2688. <p><span class="font12">Not at all, not at all.</span></p>
    2689. 

  2689. <p><span class="font12">I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.</span></p>
    2690. 

  2690. </div><br clear="all">
    2691. 

  2691. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    2692. 

  2692. <table border="1">
    2693. 

  2693. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2694. 

  2694. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2695. 

  2695. <p><span class="font12">fāngfǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2696. 

  2696. <p><span class="font12">method, way, means</span></p></td></tr>
    2697. 

  2697. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2698. 

  2698. <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2699. 

  2699. <p><span class="font12">fázi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2700. 

  2700. <p><span class="font12">method, way</span></p></td></tr>
    2701. 

  2701. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2702. 

  2702. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2703. 

  2703. <p><span class="font12">huàr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2704. 

  2704. <p><span class="font12">painting (Beijing pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
    2705. 

  2705. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2706. 

  2706. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2707. 

  2707. <p><span class="font12">qīng zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2708. 

  2708. <p><span class="font12">please sit down</span></p></td></tr>
    2709. 

  2709. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2710. 

  2710. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2711. 

  2711. <p><span class="font12">shèhuìxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2712. 

  2712. <p><span class="font12">sociology</span></p></td></tr>
    2713. 

  2713. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2714. 

  2714. <p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2715. 

  2715. <p><span class="font12">túshūguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2716. 

  2716. <p><span class="font12">library</span></p></td></tr>
    2717. 

  2717. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2718. 

  2718. <p><span class="font12">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2719. 

  2719. <p><span class="font12">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2720. 

  2720. <p><span class="font12">to sit</span></p></td></tr>
    2721. 

  2721. </table>
    2722. 

  2722. <h6><a name="bookmark57"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark108"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
    2723. 

  2723. <table border="1">
    2724. 

  2724. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2725. 

  2725. <p><span class="font12">fāngfǎ fázi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2726. 

  2726. <p><span class="font12">method, way, means</span></p>
    2727. 

  2727. <p><span class="font12">method, way (Beijing)</span></p></td></tr>
    2728. 

  2728. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2729. 

  2729. <p><span class="font12">huà</span></p>
    2730. 

  2730. <p><span class="font12">huà(r) (yìzhāng) huānyíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2731. 

  2731. <p><span class="font12">to paint a painting to welcome</span></p></td></tr>
    2732. 

  2732. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2733. 

  2733. <p><span class="font12">Jiànmiàn Jiàoshòu jin jiǔyǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2734. 

  2734. <p><span class="font12">to meet someone, to see someone professor</span></p>
    2735. 

  2735. <p><span class="font12">to enter</span></p>
    2736. 

  2736. <p><span class="font12">glad to meet you</span></p></td></tr>
    2737. 

  2737. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2738. 

  2738. <p><span class="font12">qingJiao qíng zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2739. 

  2739. <p><span class="font12">to ask advice, to consult please sit down</span></p></td></tr>
    2740. 

  2740. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2741. 

  2741. <p><span class="font12">shānshuǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2742. 

  2742. <p><span class="font12">mountains and rivers, scenery with hills and water</span></p></td></tr>
    2743. 

  2743. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2744. 

  2744. <p><span class="font12">shānshuǐ huà(r) (yìzhāng) shèhuìxué</span></p>
    2745. 

  2745. <p><span class="font12">shóuxi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2746. 

  2746. <p><span class="font12">landscape painting sociology to he familiar</span></p></td></tr>
    2747. 

  2747. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2748. 

  2748. <p><span class="font12">Taidà tèbié túshūguǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2749. 

  2749. <p><span class="font12">Taiwan University especially library</span></p></td></tr>
    2750. 

  2750. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2751. 

  2751. <p><span class="font12">xiang xiǎo yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2752. 

  2752. <p><span class="font12">towards; from</span></p>
    2753. 

  2753. <p><span class="font12">a token of appreciation</span></p></td></tr>
    2754. 

  2754. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2755. 

  2755. <p><span class="font12">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2756. 

  2756. <p><span class="font12">to sit</span></p></td></tr>
    2757. 

  2757. </table>
    2758. 

  2758. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    2759. 

  2759. <table border="1">
    2760. 

  2760. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2761. 

  2761. <p><span class="font12">biǎoyǎn bú dà hǎo mǎi duì...shóuxi Jiàoyubù mǎi cài song gei xǐ yīshang yānjiu yòuéryuān you huà zhǎnlǎn zhàogu zuò fàn zuòyà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2762. 

  2762. <p><span class="font12">to give a demonstration not very easy to buy to be familiar with Ministry of Education to buy groceries to give to to wash clothes to study, to do research kindergarten oil painting exhibition to take care of to cook homework</span></p></td></tr>
    2763. 

  2763. </table>
    2764. 

  2764. <h6><a name="bookmark58"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark109"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
    2765. 

  2765. <p><span class="font12">1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.</span></p>
    2766. 

  2766. <p><span class="font12">A: Qing J in.</span></p>
    2767. 

  2767. <p><span class="font12">2. B: Fù Taitai, nín hǎo?</span></p>
    2768. 

  2768. <p><span class="font12">B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.</span></p>
    2769. 

  2769. <p><span class="font12">Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome.</span></p>
    2770. 

  2770. <p><span class="font12">Please come in.</span></p>
    2771. 

  2771. <p><span class="font12">How are you, Mrs. Franklin?</span></p>
    2772. 

  2772. <p><span class="font12">Here is a small token of appreciation.</span></p>
    2773. 

  2773. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on Nos. 1-2</span></p>
    2774. 

  2774. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎo yìsi</span><span class="font12">: You have already seen </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìsi</span><span class="font12"> in the expression </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">you yìsi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to he interesting.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yìsi</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;meaning,&quot; &quot;significance,&quot; &quot;intention,&quot; &quot;idea.&quot; In No. 2, above, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎo yìsi</span><span class="font12"> (literally, &quot;small CgoodH intent&quot;) is an idiomatic expression meaning &quot;a small (token of my) feelings of appreciation.&quot;</span></p>
    2775. 

  2775. <div>
    2776. 

  2776. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Wǒ zhīdào nín xīhuan shān-shuī huà.</span></p>
    2777. 

  2777. <p><span class="font12">B: Tèhié qīng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.</span></p>
    2778. 

  2778. <p><span class="font12">A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie.</span></p>
    2779. 

  2779. <p><span class="font12">A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nīmen jièshao jièshao.</span></p>
    2780. 

  2780. </div><br clear="all">
    2781. 

  2781. <div>
    2782. 

  2782. <p><span class="font12">I know you like landscape paintings.</span></p>
    2783. 

  2783. <p><span class="font12">I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.</span></p>
    2784. 

  2784. <p><span class="font12">You are really too polite. Thanks.</span></p>
    2785. 

  2785. <p><span class="font12">Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.</span></p>
    2786. 

  2786. </div><br clear="all">
    2787. 

  2787. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
    2788. 

  2788. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shānshuī</span><span class="font12">, &quot;mountains and rivers,&quot; &quot;scenery with hills and water,&quot; is a compound made up of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shān</span><span class="font12">, &quot;mountain,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuī</span><span class="font12">, &quot;water.&quot; In </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shānshuī</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shuī </span><span class="font12">refers to rivers or lakes.</span></p>
    2789. 

  2789. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tèbiě qǐng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng</span><span class="font12">: Notice that the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huà</span><span class="font12"> is followed by the completion marker </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">. For this reason, the sentence means that the painting has been finished. The completed-action sense of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huàle </span><span class="font12">might be captured by looser translations of the sentence, like &quot;I asked a friend, and he painted one for you&quot; and &quot;I asked a friend, who painted one for you.&quot;</span></p>
    2790. 

  2790. <p><span class="font12">The sentence </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ tèbiē qīng pēngyou gěi nín huà yìzhāng</span><span class="font12">, without </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">, does not indicate whether the painting has been finished or not. The sentence might be used when a speaker thinks that a painting has not yet been finished.</span></p>
    2791. 

  2791. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhēn ahi tài kèqi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;really too polite,&quot; is a variation of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nín zhēn tài kèqi</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi</span><span class="font12"> is sometimes used simply to show that the subject of a sentence fits the description that follows.</span></p>
    2792. 

  2792. <div>
    2793. 

  2793. <p><span class="font12">U. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué.</span></p>
    2794. 

  2794. <p><span class="font12">A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínháng gōngzuò.</span></p>
    2795. 

  2795. <p><span class="font12">A: Zhèiwei shi Huáng Tàitai.</span></p>
    2796. 

  2796. </div><br clear="all">
    2797. 

  2797. <div>
    2798. 

  2798. <p><span class="font12">This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.</span></p>
    2799. 

  2799. <p><span class="font12">Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huang, who works at the Bank of Taiwan.</span></p>
    2800. 

  2800. <p><span class="font12">This is Mrs. Huang.</span></p>
    2801. 

  2801. </div><br clear="all">
    2802. 

  2802. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
    2803. 

  2803. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiàoshòu,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;professor&quot;: The first syllable in this word means &quot;teaching. Notice that the tone on </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiào</span><span class="font12"> is different from the tone on the verb &quot;to teach,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiāo</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2804. 

  2804. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Táidà</span><span class="font12"> is the abbreviation for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tǎiwān Dàxué</span><span class="font12">, &quot;Taiwan University.&quot;</span></p>
    2805. 

  2805. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèiwei shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínhǎng gōngzuò</span><span class="font12"> looks like a run-on sentence, with the pronoun </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tā</span><span class="font12"> dropped from the second part of the sentence. In Chinese, this is a perfectly good way to add a second clause to a sentence. To characterize a person or thing Just identified, the Chinese simply attach a descriptive sentence and omit the subject. You have already learned this pattern: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē yōu yige Xīnhuá Shūdiàn, hen dà.</span><span class="font12"> Here are some additional examples:</span></p>
    2806. 

  2806. <div>
    2807. 

  2807. <p><span class="font12">Tā tàitai shi Rìběn rén, xiànzài zài Shànghǎi.</span></p>
    2808. 

  2808. <p><span class="font12">Wo you yige péngyou xing Wú, zài Dōnghǎi Dàxué Jiāo shū, míngnián xiǎng dào Měiguo qù.</span></p>
    2809. 

  2809. </div><br clear="all">
    2810. 

  2810. <p><span class="font12">His wife is Japanese; she is in Shànghǎi now.</span></p>
    2811. 

  2811. <p><span class="font12">I have a friend named Wú who teaches at Dōnghǎi University. He is planning to go to America next year.</span></p>
    2812. 

  2812. <div>
    2813. 

  2813. <p><span class="font12">5. B: Jiǔyǎng, Jiǔyǎng.</span></p>
    2814. 

  2814. <p><span class="font12">B: Nín láile duo Jiǔ le?</span></p>
    2815. 

  2815. <p><span class="font12">C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gang lai liǎngge yuè.</span></p>
    2816. 

  2816. </div><br clear="all">
    2817. 

  2817. <p><span class="font12">Glad to meet you.</span></p>
    2818. 

  2818. <p><span class="font12">How long have you been here?</span></p>
    2819. 

  2819. <p><span class="font12">Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.</span></p>
    2820. 

  2820. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
    2821. 

  2821. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǔyǎng</span><span class="font12"> means, literally, &quot;I have looked up to you for a long time&quot; or &quot;I have looked forward to meeting you.&quot; It is used when meeting someone of higher status. Because </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiǔyǎng</span><span class="font12"> implies a status difference, the expression is not often used in the PRC.</span></p>
    2822. 

  2822. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gang</span><span class="font12">, &quot;only Just&quot;: You have learned the sentence </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wǒ láile liǎngge yuè le</span><span class="font12">, &quot;I have been here two months now.&quot; In the last sentence of exchange 5, notice that no </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> is needed. The focus has shifted from the coming to the shortness of the period; that is, the focus is on </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gang</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2823. 

  2823. <div>
    2824. 

  2824. <p><span class="font12">6. C: Hái yǒu hen duō bù shōuxide dìfang.</span></p>
    2825. 

  2825. <p><span class="font12">C: Yīhòu hái yào xiang nín qíngj iào.</span></p>
    2826. 

  2826. </div><br clear="all">
    2827. 

  2827. <div>
    2828. 

  2828. <p><span class="font12">There is still much I’m not familiar with.</span></p>
    2829. 

  2829. <p><span class="font12">Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.</span></p>
    2830. 

  2830. </div><br clear="all">
    2831. 

  2831. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
    2832. 

  2832. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shóuxi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be familiar Lwith the details of something],&quot; is also pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shúxi</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    2833. 

  2833. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dìfang</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;areas,&quot; &quot;aspects&quot; (NOT &quot;places&quot;) in the first sentence of No. éT Thus </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shouxide dìfang</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;areas/aspects one is familiar with.&quot;</span></p>
    2834. 

  2834. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiàng nín qíngjiào</span><span class="font12"> is a polite way of requesting advice from someone— for example, a teacher, an advisor, or a senior colleague. Here, the prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;from.&quot; (You learned </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàng</span><span class="font12"> as &quot;towards&quot; in the Directions Module.) Literally, it means &quot;facing.&quot; Less formally, you may also say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn nín qíngjiào</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qíngjiào</span><span class="font12"> (literally, &quot;request instruction&quot;) may be reduplicated or used with an object in sentences like the following:</span></p>
    2835. 

  2835. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I would like to consult with you</span></p>
    2836. 

  2836. <p><span class="font12">yíjiàn shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;about something.</span></p>
    2837. 

  2837. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào qíngj iào.</span></p>
    2838. 

  2838. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíhdu hái yào...</span><span class="font12">: In this sentence, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hái</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;still more,&quot; or &quot;additionally.&quot;</span></p>
    2839. 

  2839. <table border="1">
    2840. 

  2840. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2841. 

  2841. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2842. 

  2842. <p><span class="font12">fāngfā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2843. 

  2843. <p><span class="font12">method, way, means</span></p></td></tr>
    2844. 

  2844. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2845. 

  2845. <p><span class="font12">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2846. 

  2846. <p><span class="font12">fázi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2847. 

  2847. <p><span class="font12">method, way</span></p></td></tr>
    2848. 

  2848. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2849. 

  2849. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2850. 

  2850. <p><span class="font12">huàr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2851. 

  2851. <p><span class="font12">painting (Beijing pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
    2852. 

  2852. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2853. 

  2853. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2854. 

  2854. <p><span class="font12">qīng zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2855. 

  2855. <p><span class="font12">please have a seat</span></p></td></tr>
    2856. 

  2856. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2857. 

  2857. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2858. 

  2858. <p><span class="font12">shèhuìxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2859. 

  2859. <p><span class="font12">sociology</span></p></td></tr>
    2860. 

  2860. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2861. 

  2861. <p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2862. 

  2862. <p><span class="font12">túshūguān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2863. 

  2863. <p><span class="font12">library</span></p></td></tr>
    2864. 

  2864. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2865. 

  2865. <p><span class="font12">1U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2866. 

  2866. <p><span class="font12">zuò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2867. 

  2867. <p><span class="font12">to sit</span></p></td></tr>
    2868. 

  2868. </table>
    2869. 

  2869. <div>
    2870. 

  2870. <p><span class="font12">7. B: Náli, náli.</span></p>
    2871. 

  2871. <p><span class="font12">B: Xīwang yīhòu yōu jīhui duō Jiànmiàn.</span></p>
    2872. 

  2872. </div><br clear="all">
    2873. 

  2873. <div>
    2874. 

  2874. <p><span class="font12">Not at all, not at all.</span></p>
    2875. 

  2875. <p><span class="font12">I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.</span></p>
    2876. 

  2876. </div><br clear="all">
    2877. 

  2877. <div>
    2878. 

  2878. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 7</span></p>
    2879. 

  2879. <p><span class="font12">The adjectival verb duō, ’’to be much,” ”to be many,” is used in No. 7</span></p>
    2880. 

  2880. </div><br clear="all">
    2881. 

  2881. <div>
    2882. 

  2882. <p><span class="font12">as an adverb meaning ’’much,” ’’more.” Kāfēi bù néng duō hē. Nī duō chī diānr ba. Tā duō zhùle liāngtiān. Wō shāo mSile yìzhāng piào.</span></p>
    2883. 

  2883. <p><span class="font12">Tā shuō tā yào shāo chī.</span></p>
    2884. 

  2884. </div><br clear="all">
    2885. 

  2885. <div>
    2886. 

  2886. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shao</span><span class="font12"> may be used in the same way.</span></p>
    2887. 

  2887. <p><span class="font12">One must not drink too much coffee.</span></p>
    2888. 

  2888. <p><span class="font12">Eat a little more.</span></p>
    2889. 

  2889. <p><span class="font12">He stayed two days longer.</span></p>
    2890. 

  2890. <p><span class="font12">I bought one ticket too few.</span></p>
    2891. 

  2891. <p><span class="font12">(more literally, &quot;I underbought by one ticket.”)</span></p>
    2892. 

  2892. <p><span class="font12">He says he wants to eat less (cut down on eating).</span></p>
    2893. 

  2893. </div><br clear="all">
    2894. 

  2894. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
    2895. 

  2895. <p><span class="font12">Here are a few sentences illustrating some of the words:</span></p>
    2896. 

  2896. <div>
    2897. 

  2897. <p><span class="font12">Nīde </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shèhuìxué</span><span class="font12"> xuéde zhènme hSo&quot;ī Nī yòng shénme </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fāngfǎ </span><span class="font12">niànde?</span></p>
    2898. 

  2898. <p><span class="font12">Měitiān zài </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">túshūguān</span><span class="font12"> sìge zhōngtou.</span></p>
    2899. 

  2899. <p><span class="font12">Ài! Wō měiyou </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fázi</span><span class="font12"> zài </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">túshūguān zuò</span><span class="font12"> sìge zhōngtóu.</span></p>
    2900. 

  2900. </div><br clear="all">
    2901. 

  2901. <p><span class="font12">You learned your sociology so well! How do you study it?</span></p>
    2902. 

  2902. <p><span class="font12">I spend four hours in the library everyday.</span></p>
    2903. 

  2903. <p><span class="font12">Boy! Thére’s no way I can sit in the library for four hours.</span></p>
    2904. 

  2904. <h6><a name="bookmark110"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark111"></a>VOCABULARY BOOSTER</span></h6>
    2905. 

  2905. <p><span class="font12">Opposites</span></p>
    2906. 

  2906. <table border="1">
    2907. 

  2907. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2908. 

  2908. <p><span class="font12">Snjìng to be peaceful</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2909. 

  2909. <p><span class="font12">rènao</span></p>
    2910. 

  2910. <p><span class="font12">to be lively</span></p>
    2911. 

  2911. <p><span class="font12">to be bustling to be noisy</span></p></td></tr>
    2912. 

  2912. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2913. 

  2913. <p><span class="font12">chǎng to be long</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2914. 

  2914. <p><span class="font12">duǎn to be short</span></p></td></tr>
    2915. 

  2915. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2916. 

  2916. <p><span class="font12">cōngming</span></p>
    2917. 

  2917. <p><span class="font12">to be intelligent to be bright</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2918. 

  2918. <p><span class="font12">bèn to be stupid to be foolish</span></p></td></tr>
    2919. 

  2919. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2920. 

  2920. <p><span class="font12">dà to be large</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2921. 

  2921. <p><span class="font12">xiǎo to be small</span></p></td></tr>
    2922. 

  2922. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2923. 

  2923. <p><span class="font12">dàodǎ to arrive to reach</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2924. 

  2924. <p><span class="font12">líkāi to leave</span></p></td></tr>
    2925. 

  2925. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2926. 

  2926. <p><span class="font12">duì to be correct</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2927. 

  2927. <p><span class="font12">cuò to make a mistake to be wrong</span></p></td></tr>
    2928. 

  2928. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2929. 

  2929. <p><span class="font12">gānjìng (gānjing) to be clean</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2930. 

  2930. <p><span class="font12">zāng to be dirty</span></p></td></tr>
    2931. 

  2931. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2932. 

  2932. <p><span class="font12">gāo to be tall</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2933. 

  2933. <p><span class="font12">ǎi</span></p>
    2934. 

  2934. <p><span class="font12">to be short (of stature</span></p></td></tr>
    2935. 

  2935. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2936. 

  2936. <p><span class="font12">gǎoxìng</span></p>
    2937. 

  2937. <p><span class="font12">to be happy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2938. 

  2938. <p><span class="font12">nǎnguò</span></p>
    2939. 

  2939. <p><span class="font12">to feel sorry to feel bad to be grieved</span></p></td></tr>
    2940. 

  2940. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2941. 

  2941. <p><span class="font12">gōngzuò to work</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2942. 

  2942. <p><span class="font12">xiūxi to rest to relax</span></p></td></tr>
    2943. 

  2943. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2944. 

  2944. <p><span class="font12">hǎo to be good to be well</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2945. 

  2945. <p><span class="font12">huài to be bad</span></p></td></tr>
    2946. 

  2946. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2947. 

  2947. <p><span class="font12">J iǎndān to be simple</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2948. 

  2948. <p><span class="font12">fùzǎ (fǔzǎ) to be complicated to be complex</span></p></td></tr>
    2949. 

  2949. </table>
    2950. 

  2950. <table border="1">
    2951. 

  2951. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    2952. 

  2952. <p><span class="font12">j iànkāng</span></p>
    2953. 

  2953. <p><span class="font12">to be healthy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2954. 

  2954. <p><span class="font12">you bìng to be ill</span></p></td></tr>
    2955. 

  2955. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2956. 

  2956. <p><span class="font12">to be sick</span></p></td></tr>
    2957. 

  2957. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2958. 

  2958. <p><span class="font12">kuān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2959. 

  2959. <p><span class="font12">zhSi</span></p></td></tr>
    2960. 

  2960. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2961. 

  2961. <p><span class="font12">to be wide</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2962. 

  2962. <p><span class="font12">to be narrow</span></p></td></tr>
    2963. 

  2963. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2964. 

  2964. <p><span class="font12">to be broad</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2965. 

  2965. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2966. 

  2966. <p><span class="font12">lai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2967. 

  2967. <p><span class="font12">qù</span></p></td></tr>
    2968. 

  2968. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2969. 

  2969. <p><span class="font12">to come</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2970. 

  2970. <p><span class="font12">to go</span></p></td></tr>
    2971. 

  2971. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2972. 

  2972. <p><span class="font12">lèi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2973. 

  2973. <p><span class="font12">you jīngshen</span></p></td></tr>
    2974. 

  2974. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2975. 

  2975. <p><span class="font12">to be tired</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2976. 

  2976. <p><span class="font12">to be lively</span></p></td></tr>
    2977. 

  2977. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2978. 

  2978. <p><span class="font12">to be spirited</span></p></td></tr>
    2979. 

  2979. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2980. 

  2980. <p><span class="font12">to be vigorous</span></p></td></tr>
    2981. 

  2981. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2982. 

  2982. <p><span class="font12">lěng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2983. 

  2983. <p><span class="font12">re</span></p></td></tr>
    2984. 

  2984. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2985. 

  2985. <p><span class="font12">to be cold</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2986. 

  2986. <p><span class="font12">to be hot</span></p></td></tr>
    2987. 

  2987. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2988. 

  2988. <p><span class="font12">liángkuai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2989. 

  2989. <p><span class="font12">nuanhuo</span></p></td></tr>
    2990. 

  2990. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2991. 

  2991. <p><span class="font12">to be cool</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2992. 

  2992. <p><span class="font12">to be warm</span></p></td></tr>
    2993. 

  2993. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2994. 

  2994. <p><span class="font12">man</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2995. 

  2995. <p><span class="font12">kōng</span></p></td></tr>
    2996. 

  2996. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2997. 

  2997. <p><span class="font12">to be full</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2998. 

  2998. <p><span class="font12">to be vacant</span></p></td></tr>
    2999. 

  2999. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3000. 

  3000. <p><span class="font12">to be empty</span></p></td></tr>
    3001. 

  3001. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3002. 

  3002. <p><span class="font12">man</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3003. 

  3003. <p><span class="font12">kuài</span></p></td></tr>
    3004. 

  3004. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3005. 

  3005. <p><span class="font12">to be slow</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3006. 

  3006. <p><span class="font12">to be fast</span></p></td></tr>
    3007. 

  3007. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3008. 

  3008. <p><span class="font12">máng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3009. 

  3009. <p><span class="font12">xièn</span></p></td></tr>
    3010. 

  3010. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3011. 

  3011. <p><span class="font12">to be busy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3012. 

  3012. <p><span class="font12">to be idle</span></p></td></tr>
    3013. 

  3013. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3014. 

  3014. <p><span class="font12">to be unoccupied</span></p></td></tr>
    3015. 

  3015. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3016. 

  3016. <p><span class="font12">niánqīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3017. 

  3017. <p><span class="font12">lǎo</span></p></td></tr>
    3018. 

  3018. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3019. 

  3019. <p><span class="font12">to be young</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3020. 

  3020. <p><span class="font12">to be old (in years)</span></p></td></tr>
    3021. 

  3021. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3022. 

  3022. <p><span class="font12">piányi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3023. 

  3023. <p><span class="font12">guì</span></p></td></tr>
    3024. 

  3024. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3025. 

  3025. <p><span class="font12">to be inexpensive</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3026. 

  3026. <p><span class="font12">to be expensive</span></p></td></tr>
    3027. 

  3027. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3028. 

  3028. <p><span class="font12">to be cheap</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3029. 

  3029. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3030. 

  3030. <p><span class="font12">piàoliang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3031. 

  3031. <p><span class="font12">nánkàn</span></p></td></tr>
    3032. 

  3032. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3033. 

  3033. <p><span class="font12">to be beautiful</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3034. 

  3034. <p><span class="font12">to be ugly</span></p></td></tr>
    3035. 

  3035. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3036. 

  3036. <p><span class="font12">qiáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3037. 

  3037. <p><span class="font12">ruù</span></p></td></tr>
    3038. 

  3038. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3039. 

  3039. <p><span class="font12">to be strong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3040. 

  3040. <p><span class="font12">to be weak</span></p></td></tr>
    3041. 

  3041. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3042. 

  3042. <p><span class="font12">róngyi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3043. 

  3043. <p><span class="font12">nán</span></p></td></tr>
    3044. 

  3044. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3045. 

  3045. <p><span class="font12">to be easy</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3046. 

  3046. <p><span class="font12">to be difficult</span></p></td></tr>
    3047. 

  3047. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3048. 

  3048. <p><span class="font12">shēng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3049. 

  3049. <p><span class="font12">si</span></p></td></tr>
    3050. 

  3050. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3051. 

  3051. <p><span class="font12">to be born</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3052. 

  3052. <p><span class="font12">to die</span></p></td></tr>
    3053. 

  3053. </table>
    3054. 

  3054. <div>
    3055. 

  3055. <p><span class="font12">tian to be sweet</span></p>
    3056. 

  3056. <p><span class="font12">ting</span></p>
    3057. 

  3057. <p><span class="font12">to stop</span></p>
    3058. 

  3058. <p><span class="font12">to halt</span></p>
    3059. 

  3059. <p><span class="font12">tul</span></p>
    3060. 

  3060. <p><span class="font12">to push</span></p>
    3061. 

  3061. <p><span class="font12">yuan</span></p>
    3062. 

  3062. <p><span class="font12">to be far</span></p>
    3063. 

  3063. <p><span class="font12">zǎo</span></p>
    3064. 

  3064. <p><span class="font12">to be early</span></p>
    3065. 

  3065. <p><span class="font12">zhēn</span></p>
    3066. 

  3066. <p><span class="font12">to be true to be real</span></p>
    3067. 

  3067. <p><span class="font12">to be genuine</span></p>
    3068. 

  3068. </div><br clear="all">
    3069. 

  3069. <p><span class="font12">kú to be bitter</span></p>
    3070. 

  3070. <p><span class="font12">z8u</span></p>
    3071. 

  3071. <p><span class="font12">to go to walk</span></p>
    3072. 

  3072. <p><span class="font12">IS to pull</span></p>
    3073. 

  3073. <p><span class="font12">jin to be near</span></p>
    3074. 

  3074. <p><span class="font12">wan to be late</span></p>
    3075. 

  3075. <p><span class="font12">jiǎ to be false to be fake to be artificial</span></p>
    3076. 

  3076. <h6><a name="bookmark59"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark112"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
    3077. 

  3077. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3078. 

  3078. <p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3079. 

  3079. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3080. 

  3080. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wo xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng huàr.</span></p></li></ul>
    3081. 

  3081. <p><span class="font12">(I'm thinking of asking him to paint a painting.)</span></p>
    3082. 

  3082. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3083. 

  3083. <p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta chī yícì Zhōngguo fàn.</span></p></li>
    3084. 

  3084. <li>
    3085. 

  3085. <p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta mǎi liǎngzhāng Tǎiběi dìtú.</span></p></li></ul>
    3086. 

  3086. <p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta Jiāo liǎngniān.</span></p>
    3087. 

  3087. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3088. 

  3088. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.</span></p></li>
    3089. 

  3089. <li>
    3090. 

  3090. <p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta lǎi yícì.</span></p></li>
    3091. 

  3091. <li>
    3092. 

  3092. <p><span class="font12">7. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta kàn yícì diànyǐng.</span></p></li></ul>
    3093. 

  3093. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng huàr.</span></p>
    3094. 

  3094. <p><span class="font12">(I asked him especially to paint a painting.)</span></p>
    3095. 

  3095. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta chile yícì Zhōngguo fàn.</span></p>
    3096. 

  3096. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tèbié qīng ta mǎile liǎngzhāng Táibei dìtú.</span></p>
    3097. 

  3097. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta Jiāole liǎngniān.</span></p>
    3098. 

  3098. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.</span></p>
    3099. 

  3099. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta láile yícì.</span></p>
    3100. 

  3100. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tèbié qīng ta kànle yícì diànyǐng</span></p>
    3101. 

  3101. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3102. 

  3102. <p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Combination Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3103. 

  3103. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3104. 

  3104. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā shi Hé Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo JīngJixué.</span></p></li></ul>
    3105. 

  3105. <p><span class="font12">(He is Professor Hé.</span></p>
    3106. 

  3106. <p><span class="font12">He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)</span></p>
    3107. 

  3107. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3108. 

  3108. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā shi Wáng Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.</span></p></li>
    3109. 

  3109. <li>
    3110. 

  3110. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā shi Shen Shàoxiào. Tā zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.</span></p></li></ul>
    3111. 

  3111. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3112. 

  3112. <p><span class="font12">U. Tā shi LÍn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū.</span></p></li></ul>
    3113. 

  3113. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàozhòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué.</span></p>
    3114. 

  3114. <p><span class="font12">(This is Professor Hé, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.)</span></p>
    3115. 

  3115. <p><span class="font12">Zhèiwèi shi Wang Kēzhǎng, zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.</span></p>
    3116. 

  3116. <p><span class="font12">Zhèiwèi shi Shen Shàoxiào, zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.</span></p>
    3117. 

  3117. <p><span class="font12">Zhèiwèi shi Lin Jiàoshòu, zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū.</span></p>
    3118. 

  3118. <p><span class="font11">X &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;V &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;K</span></p>
    3119. 

  3119. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3120. 

  3120. <p><span class="font12">5. Tā shi Lu Kēzhǎng. Tā zai Tāiwān Yínhāng gōngzuò.</span></p></li>
    3121. 

  3121. <li>
    3122. 

  3122. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě. Tā zài Taidà niàn shū.</span></p></li>
    3123. 

  3123. <li>
    3124. 

  3124. <p><span class="font12">7. Tā shi HÚn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo zhèngzhixué.</span></p></li></ul>
    3125. 

  3125. <p><span class="font12">Zhèiwèi shi Lu Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwān YÍnháng gōngzuò.</span></p>
    3126. 

  3126. <p><span class="font12">Zhàiwèi shi Liú Xiaojiě, zài Taidà niàn shū.</span></p>
    3127. 

  3127. <p><span class="font12">Zhèiwèi shi Han Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiāo zhèngzhixué.</span></p>
    3128. 

  3128. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3129. 

  3129. <p><span class="font12">C.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3130. 

  3130. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3131. 

  3131. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; You hěn duō dìfang wo bù shǒuxi.</span></p></li></ul>
    3132. 

  3132. <p><span class="font12">(There is much I’m not familiar with.)</span></p>
    3133. 

  3133. <p><span class="font12">OR Zài zhèr, you hěn duō ren bù hē chā.</span></p>
    3134. 

  3134. <p><span class="font12">(There are many people here who don’t drink tea.)</span></p>
    3135. 

  3135. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3136. 

  3136. <p><span class="font12">2. Yōu hěn duō dìfang wǒ tīngbudǒng.</span></p></li>
    3137. 

  3137. <li>
    3138. 

  3138. <p><span class="font12">3. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú kàn bào.</span></p></li></ul>
    3139. 

  3139. <p><span class="font12">U. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huà.</span></p>
    3140. 

  3140. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3141. 

  3141. <p><span class="font12">5. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ bú huì zuò.</span></p></li>
    3142. 

  3142. <li>
    3143. 

  3143. <p><span class="font12">6. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ kànbudǒng.</span></p></li></ul>
    3144. 

  3144. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ hái you hěn duō bù shéuxide dìfang.</span></p>
    3145. 

  3145. <p><span class="font12">(There is still much I’m not familiar with.)</span></p>
    3146. 

  3146. <p><span class="font12">Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bù hē chāde rén.</span></p>
    3147. 

  3147. <p><span class="font12">(There are many non-tea drinking people here.)</span></p>
    3148. 

  3148. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hái you hěn duō tīngbudǒngde dìfang.</span></p>
    3149. 

  3149. <p><span class="font12">Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú kàn bàode rén.</span></p>
    3150. 

  3150. <p><span class="font12">Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huàde rén.</span></p>
    3151. 

  3151. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hai you hěn duō bú huì zuòde dìfang.</span></p>
    3152. 

  3152. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hai you hěn duō kànbudǒngde dìfang.</span></p>
    3153. 

  3153. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3154. 

  3154. <p><span class="font12">D.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3155. 

  3155. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3156. 

  3156. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Women yīhòu jiànmiànde </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Xīwang yīhòu you Jīhui duō Jīhui hěn duō. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jiānmiān.</span></p></li></ul>
    3157. 

  3157. <p><span class="font12">(We will have many more &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(I hope that in the future we</span></p>
    3158. 

  3158. <p><span class="font12">opportunities to meet &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;will have an opportunity to</span></p>
    3159. 

  3159. <table border="1">
    3160. 

  3160. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3161. 

  3161. <p><span class="font12">in the future.)</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3162. 

  3162. <p><span class="font12">meet more.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3163. 

  3163. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3164. 

  3164. <p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3165. 

  3165. <p><span class="font12">Wō yīhòu xiǎng nín qīngjiǎode Jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3166. 

  3166. <p><span class="font12">Xīwang yīhòu yōu Jīhui nín qīngjiāo.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3167. 

  3167. <p><span class="font12">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3168. 

  3168. <p><span class="font12">xiǎng</span></p></td></tr>
    3169. 

  3169. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3170. 

  3170. <p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3171. 

  3171. <p><span class="font12">Wōmen yīhòu shuō Zhōngguo huāde Jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3172. 

  3172. <p><span class="font12">Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui Zhōngguo huā.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3173. 

  3173. <p><span class="font12">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3174. 

  3174. <p><span class="font12">shuō</span></p></td></tr>
    3175. 

  3175. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3176. 

  3176. <p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3177. 

  3177. <p><span class="font12">Wō yīhòu xuǎ Zhōngwǎnde Jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3178. 

  3178. <p><span class="font12">Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui Zhōngwǎn.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3179. 

  3179. <p><span class="font12">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3180. 

  3180. <p><span class="font12">xuǎ</span></p></td></tr>
    3181. 

  3181. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3182. 

  3182. <p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3183. 

  3183. <p><span class="font12">Wōmen yīhòu lǎide Jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3184. 

  3184. <p><span class="font12">Xīwāng yīhòu yōu jīhui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3185. 

  3185. <p><span class="font12">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3186. 

  3186. <p><span class="font12">lǎi.</span></p></td></tr>
    3187. 

  3187. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3188. 

  3188. <p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3189. 

  3189. <p><span class="font12">Wōmen yīhòu zāi yìqīde Jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3190. 

  3190. <p><span class="font12">Xīwāng yīhòu yōu jīhui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3191. 

  3191. <p><span class="font12">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3192. 

  3192. <p><span class="font12">zāi yìqī.</span></p></td></tr>
    3193. 

  3193. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3194. 

  3194. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3195. 

  3195. <p><span class="font12">Wō yīhòu luxíngde Jīhui hěn duō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3196. 

  3196. <p><span class="font12">Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3197. 

  3197. <p><span class="font12">duō</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3198. 

  3198. <p><span class="font12">luxíng.</span></p></td></tr>
    3199. 

  3199. </table>
    3200. 

  3200. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3201. 

  3201. <p><span class="font12">E.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3202. 

  3202. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3203. 

  3203. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Huǎng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng.</span></p></li></ul>
    3204. 

  3204. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) zuò</span></p>
    3205. 

  3205. <p><span class="font12">(Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome.)</span></p>
    3206. 

  3206. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3207. 

  3207. <p><span class="font12">2. Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? zuò zuo</span></p></li>
    3208. 

  3208. <li>
    3209. 

  3209. <p><span class="font12">3. Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? hē yìdiǎn chǎ</span></p></li></ul>
    3210. 

  3210. <p><span class="font12">U. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? zuò</span></p>
    3211. 

  3211. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3212. 

  3212. <p><span class="font12">5. Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. zuò</span></p></li></ul>
    3213. 

  3213. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Huǎng Kezhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò.</span></p>
    3214. 

  3214. <p><span class="font12">(Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome. Please come in and sit down.)</span></p>
    3215. 

  3215. <p><span class="font12">Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai zuòzuo.</span></p>
    3216. 

  3216. <p><span class="font12">Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai hē yìdiǎn chǎ.</span></p>
    3217. 

  3217. <p><span class="font12">Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Qīng jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò.</span></p>
    3218. 

  3218. <p><span class="font12">Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng jìnlai zuò.</span></p>
    3219. 

  3219. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3220. 

  3220. <p><span class="font12">6. Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? zuò yìhuǐr</span></p></li>
    3221. 

  3221. <li>
    3222. 

  3222. <p><span class="font12">7. Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiú bú jiàn. zuò zuo</span></p></li></ul>
    3223. 

  3223. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? Qǐng jin, qǐng jìnlai zuò yìhuǐr.</span></p>
    3224. 

  3224. <p><span class="font12">Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn.</span></p>
    3225. 

  3225. <p><span class="font12">Qǐng Jin, qīng jìnlai zuòzuo.</span></p>
    3226. 

  3226. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText-3.png" alt="" style="width:326pt;height:474pt;">
    3227. 

  3227. </div><br clear="all">
    3228. 

  3228. <h5><a name="bookmark113"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark114"></a>UNIT 5</span></h5>
    3229. 

  3229. <h6><a name="bookmark60"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark115"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
    3230. 

  3230. <p><span class="font12">(in Beijing)</span></p>
    3231. 

  3231. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3232. 

  3232. <p><span class="font12">1. B: Wài.</span></p></li></ul>
    3233. 

  3233. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3234. 

  3234. <p><span class="font12">A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    3235. 

  3235. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ yào zhào LÍn SIzhang shuō huà.</span></p>
    3236. 

  3236. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3237. 

  3237. <p><span class="font12">2. B: Nín shi nàr a?</span></p></li></ul>
    3238. 

  3238. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3239. 

  3239. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù JIngjiguān.</span></p></li>
    3240. 

  3240. <li>
    3241. 

  3241. <p><span class="font12">B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.</span></p></li></ul>
    3242. 

  3242. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3243. 

  3243. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Wài, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    3244. 

  3244. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3245. 

  3245. <p><span class="font12">A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qing ta gěi wo da ge diànhuà.</span></p></li></ul>
    3246. 

  3246. <p><span class="font12">U. B: Hāo, qing nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomār gàosong wǒ. Wǒ xiěxiàlái.</span></p>
    3247. 

  3247. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo-sān sān yào.</span></p>
    3248. 

  3248. <p><span class="font12">5. C: Duìbuql, ni gāngcái géi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.</span></p>
    3249. 

  3249. <p><span class="font12">C: Nī yǒu shi ma?</span></p>
    3250. 

  3250. <p><span class="font12">A: Shi a! Wǒ neitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiān dào nín bàngōng-shì qu tántan.</span></p>
    3251. 

  3251. <p><span class="font12">6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suǒyi xiǎng wèn nín women néng bu néng gǎi dào xià-wu.</span></p>
    3252. 

  3252. <p><span class="font12">Hello.</span></p>
    3253. 

  3253. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?</span></p>
    3254. 

  3254. <p><span class="font12">I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.</span></p>
    3255. 

  3255. <p><span class="font12">Who is this?</span></p>
    3256. 

  3256. <p><span class="font12">My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Ecomonics Officer from the French Embassy.</span></p>
    3257. 

  3257. <p><span class="font12">Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.</span></p>
    3258. 

  3258. <p><span class="font12">Hello. He is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?</span></p>
    3259. 

  3259. <p><span class="font12">When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.</span></p>
    3260. 

  3260. <p><span class="font12">All right. Please tell me your phone number. I’ll write it down.</span></p>
    3261. 

  3261. <p><span class="font12">My phone number is 521-331.</span></p>
    3262. 

  3262. <p><span class="font12">I’m sorry. When you called me just now, I wasn’t in.</span></p>
    3263. 

  3263. <p><span class="font12">Can I help you with something?</span></p>
    3264. 

  3264. <p><span class="font12">Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office at ten o’clock tomorrow for a talk.</span></p>
    3265. 

  3265. <p><span class="font12">Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask you whether we can change it Cthe appointment! to the afternoon.</span></p>
    3266. 

  3266. <p><span class="font12">*C: Xiàwǔ shenme shíhou?</span></p>
    3267. 

  3267. <p><span class="font12">A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn zǎnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?</span></p>
    3268. 

  3268. <p><span class="font12">C: Sìdiǎn bí sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng dǎi kāi hui.</span></p>
    3269. 

  3269. <p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn.</span></p>
    3270. 

  3270. <p><span class="font12">C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng deng ni.</span></p>
    3271. 

  3271. <p><span class="font12">What time in the afternoon?</span></p>
    3272. 

  3272. <p><span class="font12">What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient for you?</span></p>
    3273. 

  3273. <p><span class="font12">Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three o’clock.</span></p>
    3274. 

  3274. <p><span class="font12">All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.</span></p>
    3275. 

  3275. <p><span class="font12">All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock.</span></p>
    3276. 

  3276. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    3277. 

  3277. <table border="1">
    3278. 

  3278. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3279. 

  3279. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3280. 

  3280. <p><span class="font12">hǎishi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3281. 

  3281. <p><span class="font12">still</span></p></td></tr>
    3282. 

  3282. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3283. 

  3283. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3284. 

  3284. <p><span class="font12">wàiguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3285. 

  3285. <p><span class="font12">foreign, abroad</span></p></td></tr>
    3286. 

  3286. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3287. 

  3287. <p><span class="font12">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3288. 

  3288. <p><span class="font12">wàiguo rěn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3289. 

  3289. <p><span class="font12">foreigner (non-Chinese)</span></p></td></tr>
    3290. 

  3290. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3291. 

  3291. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3292. 

  3292. <p><span class="font12">wūzi (yìjiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3293. 

  3293. <p><span class="font12">room</span></p></td></tr>
    3294. 

  3294. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3295. 

  3295. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3296. 

  3296. <p><span class="font12">yāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3297. 

  3297. <p><span class="font12">one (telephone pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
    3298. 

  3298. </table>
    3299. 

  3299. <p><span class="font12">* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.</span></p>
    3300. 

  3300. <h6><a name="bookmark61"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark116"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
    3301. 

  3301. <table border="1">
    3302. 

  3302. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3303. 

  3303. <p><span class="font12">bǎ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3304. 

  3304. <p><span class="font12">(prepositional verb which indicates the direct object)</span></p></td></tr>
    3305. 

  3305. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3306. 

  3306. <p><span class="font12">bàngōngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3307. 

  3307. <p><span class="font12">office</span></p></td></tr>
    3308. 

  3308. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3309. 

  3309. <p><span class="font12">gǎi</span></p>
    3310. 

  3310. <p><span class="font12">gǎi dào gāngcǎi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3311. 

  3311. <p><span class="font12">to change</span></p>
    3312. 

  3312. <p><span class="font12">to change to</span></p>
    3313. 

  3313. <p><span class="font12">Just now, a short time ago</span></p></td></tr>
    3314. 

  3314. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3315. 

  3315. <p><span class="font12">haishi hàomǎ(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3316. 

  3316. <p><span class="font12">still number</span></p></td></tr>
    3317. 

  3317. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3318. 

  3318. <p><span class="font12">jīngjiguān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3319. 

  3319. <p><span class="font12">economics officer</span></p></td></tr>
    3320. 

  3320. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3321. 

  3321. <p><span class="font12">liú</span></p>
    3322. 

  3322. <p><span class="font12">liú(ge)huà(r)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3323. 

  3323. <p><span class="font12">to leave, to keep, to save to leave a message</span></p></td></tr>
    3324. 

  3324. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3325. 

  3325. <p><span class="font12">neitiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3326. 

  3326. <p><span class="font12">the other day</span></p></td></tr>
    3327. 

  3327. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3328. 

  3328. <p><span class="font12">shāngwù shāngwùguān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3329. 

  3329. <p><span class="font12">commercial business commercial officer</span></p></td></tr>
    3330. 

  3330. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3331. 

  3331. <p><span class="font12">wàiguó wàiguo rén Wàijiāobù wūzi (yìjiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3332. 

  3332. <p><span class="font12">foreign, abroad</span></p>
    3333. 

  3333. <p><span class="font12">foreigner (non-Chinese) Ministry of Foreign Affairs room</span></p></td></tr>
    3334. 

  3334. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3335. 

  3335. <p><span class="font12">xiěxiàlái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3336. 

  3336. <p><span class="font12">to write down</span></p></td></tr>
    3337. 

  3337. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3338. 

  3338. <p><span class="font12">yāo yàojin yuēhǎole</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3339. 

  3339. <p><span class="font12">one (telephone pronunciation) to be important, to be urgent to have (successfully) made</span></p>
    3340. 

  3340. <p><span class="font12">arrangements, to have made an appointment</span></p></td></tr>
    3341. 

  3341. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3342. 

  3342. <p><span class="font12">zhèihuír</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3343. 

  3343. <p><span class="font12">this moment, at the moment (Beijing)</span></p></td></tr>
    3344. 

  3344. </table>
    3345. 

  3345. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">(introduced on C-2 and drill tapes</span></p>
    3346. 

  3346. <table border="1">
    3347. 

  3347. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3348. 

  3348. <p><span class="font12">chūtǔ wénwù zhǎnlǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3349. 

  3349. <p><span class="font12">exhibition of archaeological finds</span></p></td></tr>
    3350. 

  3350. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3351. 

  3351. <p><span class="font12">dǎ dao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3352. 

  3352. <p><span class="font12">to make a phone call to</span></p></td></tr>
    3353. 

  3353. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3354. 

  3354. <p><span class="font12">dàibiǎotuǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3355. 

  3355. <p><span class="font12">delegation</span></p></td></tr>
    3356. 

  3356. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3357. 

  3357. <p><span class="font12">gǎnbuhuílǎi</span></p>
    3358. 

  3358. <p><span class="font12">J iàoyuǎn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3359. 

  3359. <p><span class="font12">can’t make it back in time teacher</span></p></td></tr>
    3360. 

  3360. </table>
    3361. 

  3361. <div>
    3362. 

  3362. <p><span class="font12">Jīnglǐ qīnzì tuánzhǎng zhǔrèn zìji</span></p>
    3363. 

  3363. </div><br clear="all">
    3364. 

  3364. <p><span class="font12">manager</span></p>
    3365. 

  3365. <p><span class="font12">personally, privately head, of the delegation director</span></p>
    3366. 

  3366. <p><span class="font12">oneself (’’myself,” ’’yourself,” etc.</span></p>
    3367. 

  3367. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">(introduced in Communication Game)</span></p>
    3368. 

  3368. <div>
    3369. 

  3369. <p><span class="font12">chēfáng dì</span></p>
    3370. 

  3370. </div><br clear="all">
    3371. 

  3371. <p><span class="font12">garage</span></p>
    3372. 

  3372. <p><span class="font12">ground, earth</span></p>
    3373. 

  3373. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText-4.png" alt="" style="width:300pt;height:242pt;">
    3374. 

  3374. <p><span class="font12">Street scene in Shanghai</span></p>
    3375. 

  3375. </div><br clear="all">
    3376. 

  3376. <h6><a name="bookmark62"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark117"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
    3377. 

  3377. <p><span class="font12">1. B: Wai.</span></p>
    3378. 

  3378. <p><span class="font12">A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?</span></p>
    3379. 

  3379. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ yào zhāo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.</span></p>
    3380. 

  3380. <p><span class="font12">Hello.</span></p>
    3381. 

  3381. <p><span class="font12">Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?</span></p>
    3382. 

  3382. <p><span class="font12">I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.</span></p>
    3383. 

  3383. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
    3384. 

  3384. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàijiāobù</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">WàiJiāo</span><span class="font12"> is the word, for &quot;diplomacy&quot; (more literally, &quot;foreign relations&quot;). Bù designates an organizational unit; in speaking of the Chinese government, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12"> is translated as &quot;ministry.&quot;<a name="footnote7"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark118">7</a></sup> The head of a </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12"> is a </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bùzhāng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;minister.&quot;</span></p>
    3385. 

  3385. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wài-</span><span class="font12">, &quot;foreign,&quot; is used in terms such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàiguo</span><span class="font12">, &quot;overseas&quot; (literally, &quot;foreign country&quot;) and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàiguo ren</span><span class="font12">, &quot;foreigner&quot; (most frequently referring to a person from a non-Asian country). Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wài-</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;outside,&quot; as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàimian</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    3386. 

  3386. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yào zhāo...shuō huà</span><span class="font12"> means, literally, &quot;I would like to look for . . . to speak I with himl.&quot;</span></p>
    3387. 

  3387. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Telephone conversations</span><span class="font12">: Telephone courtesy in the United States requires that a person identify himself before beginning a conversation. In China, however, it is normal for the caller to ask &quot;Who is this?&quot; and for the person who answers the phone to inquire &quot;Who is calling?&quot;</span></p>
    3388. 

  3388. <div>
    3389. 

  3389. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3390. 

  3390. <p><span class="font12">2. B: Nín shi nǎr a?</span></p></li></ul>
    3391. 

  3391. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3392. 

  3392. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fāguo Dàshiguānde Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.</span></p></li>
    3393. 

  3393. <li>
    3394. 

  3394. <p><span class="font12">B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.</span></p></li></ul>
    3395. 

  3395. </div><br clear="all">
    3396. 

  3396. <div>
    3397. 

  3397. <p><span class="font12">Who is this?</span></p>
    3398. 

  3398. <p><span class="font12">My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Economics Officer from the French Embassy.</span></p>
    3399. 

  3399. <p><span class="font12">Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.</span></p>
    3400. 

  3400. </div><br clear="all">
    3401. 

  3401. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
    3402. 

  3402. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nín shi nar a?</span><span class="font12"> is one polite way to ask who is calling. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nǎr</span><span class="font12"> asks for the name of the office or organization which the caller represents. You may also say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nī nǎr a?</span><span class="font12"> To ask for the caller’s name, use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qīngwèn ni shi...? </span><span class="font12">or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qīngwèn nī guìxìng?</span></p>
    3403. 

  3403. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fǎguo</span><span class="font12">: In the PRC, the word for ’’France&quot; usually has a low tone instead of a falling tone (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Faguo</span><span class="font12">).</span></p>
    3404. 

  3404. <p><span class="font12">The syllable -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">guān</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;government official,&quot; &quot;officer,&quot; or &quot;officeholder .&quot;</span></p>
    3405. 

  3405. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā zài bu zai</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zài</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to be present&quot; here. With this meaning, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12"> does not have to be followed by a place word.</span></p>
    3406. 

  3406. <div>
    3407. 

  3407. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Wèi, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?</span></p>
    3408. 

  3408. <p><span class="font12">A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qīng ta gěi wo dǎ ge diànhuà.</span></p>
    3409. 

  3409. </div><br clear="all">
    3410. 

  3410. <div>
    3411. 

  3411. <p><span class="font12">Hello. He is not here at the moment Would you like to leave a message?</span></p>
    3412. 

  3412. <p><span class="font12">When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.</span></p>
    3413. 

  3413. </div><br clear="all">
    3414. 

  3414. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
    3415. 

  3415. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhèihuīr</span><span class="font12"> is a colloquial word for &quot;now,&quot; &quot;at the moment.&quot; The word is made up of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhè</span><span class="font12"> plus </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìhuīr</span><span class="font12">. Its position preceding the verb shows that it refers to a point in time.</span></p>
    3416. 

  3416. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liú ge huàr</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Liú</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to leave C something/someone!] behind.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huàr</span><span class="font12">, translated in exchange 3 as &quot;message,&quot; is the word for &quot;speech.&quot; Directly following a verb (in this case, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">liú</span><span class="font12">), the </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yī</span><span class="font12"> of unstressed </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yige</span><span class="font12"> may be omitted.</span></p>
    3417. 

  3417. <p><span class="font12">U. B: Hǎo, qīng nín bǎ nínde diàn- All right. Please tell me your huà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Wǒ phone number. I’ll write it down, xiěxiàlāi.</span></p>
    3418. 

  3418. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wú èr yāo- My phone number is 521-331. sān sān yāo.</span></p>
    3419. 

  3419. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
    3420. 

  3420. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hàomǎr</span><span class="font12"> is used for &quot;number&quot; in speaking of identification numbers such as a passport number. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shùmu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;number,&quot; expresses an amount.)</span></p>
    3421. 

  3421. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yao</span><span class="font12"> is used, in Beijing for giving room numbers and telephone numbers whenever those numbers are given orally.</span></p>
    3422. 

  3422. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiěxialai</span><span class="font12"> is a compound verb which is formed like </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">náxialai</span><span class="font12">. However, while </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">náxialai</span><span class="font12"> literally means &quot;to bring down and towards the speaker,&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiěxialai</span><span class="font12"> does NOT mean &quot;to write in a downward direction towards the speaker.&quot; The compound </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiěxialai</span><span class="font12"> corresponds to the English idiom &quot;to write down.&quot;</span></p>
    3423. 

  3423. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ</span><span class="font12"> illustrates some of the rules concerning the use of the prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12">. (Read the Transportation Module notes on </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12">.)</span></p>
    3424. 

  3424. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font12"> is a prepositional verb used to bring the direct object of a sentence to a position preceding the main verb. To do so has certain effects on the meaning of a sentence. There are reasons why </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> must be used, why it may not be used, and why it is optional in different kinds of sentences.</span></p>
    3425. 

  3425. <p><span class="font12">In the first sentence of exchange U, the use of the </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> construction is optional. You may also say </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qǐng ni gàosong wo nínde diànhuà hàomǎr</span><span class="font12">. The sentence fulfills the requirements for the optional use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> but has none of the features which make the use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> a necessity. Let’s look more closely at these different requirements and features.</span></p>
    3426. 

  3426. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3427. 

  3427. <p><span class="font12">a. What conditions are necessary for the use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ?</span></p></li></ul>
    3428. 

  3428. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3429. 

  3429. <p><span class="font12">(1) The object of bǎ must be acted on. In other words, the action must be performed on the object of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12">. In the first sentence of exchange U, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nínde diànhuà hàomǎr</span><span class="font12"> undergoes the action </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font12">. More obvious examples are</span></p></li></ul>
    3430. 

  3430. <p><span class="font12">Tā bǎ dìtú náchulai le. He took out the map.</span></p>
    3431. 

  3431. <p><span class="font12">(MAP UNDERGOES BEING TAKEN OUT)</span></p>
    3432. 

  3432. <p><span class="font12">Tā bǎ tāde chē mài le. He sold his car.</span></p>
    3433. 

  3433. <p><span class="font12">(CAR UNDERGOES BEING SOLD)</span></p>
    3434. 

  3434. <p><span class="font12">Tā bǎ neige Zhōngguo zì He wrote that Chinese character on xiě zai hēibǎnshang le. the chalkboard.</span></p>
    3435. 

  3435. <p><span class="font12">(CHINESE CHARACTER UNDERGOES BEING WRITTEN ON THE BOARD)</span></p>
    3436. 

  3436. <p><span class="font12">UNDERGOER OF THE ACTION means that the object is influenced by the action in some way. In &quot;I saw Mr. Wang yesterday,&quot; Mr. Wang is not considered to be the undergoer of the action.</span></p>
    3437. 

  3437. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3438. 

  3438. <p><span class="font12">(2) The verb must be an action verb (such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosong</span><span class="font12"> in exchange U). </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font12"> is not used with state and process verbs. For example, you may not use </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǐdao</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xǐhuan</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ài</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huì</span><span class="font12">, or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dong</span><span class="font12">.</span></p></li>
    3439. 

  3439. <li>
    3440. 

  3440. <p><span class="font12">(3) The object of bǎ must refer to something specific (such as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nínde diànhuà hàomǎr</span><span class="font12"> in exchange U): which telephone number? </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">your</span><span class="font12"> telephone number (The questioner knows which number he is referring to, even though he does not know what the number is.) Often the object of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> must be translated into English with the definite article &quot;the&quot;:</span></p></li></ul>
    3441. 

  3441. <p><span class="font12">Qǐng ni bǎ huāpíng gěi wo. Please give me </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">the</span><span class="font12"> vase. (NOT &quot;a vase&quot;)</span></p>
    3442. 

  3442. <p><span class="font12">Tā ba liǎngzhāng piào gěi He gave me </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">the</span><span class="font12"> two tickets. (NOT wo le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;’’Cany] two tickets&quot;)</span></p>
    3443. 

  3443. <p><span class="font12">(U) The verb phrase must be complex. Here are examples of the ways in which a verb phrase can be made complex so that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> may be used:</span></p>
    3444. 

  3444. <div>
    3445. 

  3445. <p><span class="font12">(ASPECT MARKER)</span></p>
    3446. 

  3446. <p><span class="font12">Tā bǎ tāde chēzi mài </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    3447. 

  3447. <p><span class="font12">(REDUPLICATED VERB)</span></p>
    3448. 

  3448. <p><span class="font12">Qīng ni bǎ piào huàn</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huan</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    3449. 

  3449. <p><span class="font12">(COMPOUND VERB)</span></p>
    3450. 

  3450. <p><span class="font12">Tā bǎ wǒde dìzhī xi</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ěxia-lai</span><span class="font12"> le.</span></p>
    3451. 

  3451. <p><span class="font12">Nī bǎ xíngli n</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">āshang</span><span class="font12"> chē </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qu</span><span class="font12"> ba.</span></p>
    3452. 

  3452. <p><span class="font12">Women zuǒtiān yījīng bǎ zhèijiàn shi shuō</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎo</span><span class="font12"> le.</span></p>
    3453. 

  3453. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiān bǎ zhèige xiě</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǎn </span><span class="font12">zài zǒu.</span></p>
    3454. 

  3454. <p><span class="font12">Nī bǎ wǒde míngzi xi</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ěcuò </span><span class="font12">le.</span></p>
    3455. 

  3455. <p><span class="font12">(MANNER EXPRESSION AFTER THE VERB)</span></p>
    3456. 

  3456. <p><span class="font12">Nī bǎ zhèige zì xiě</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de tài dà</span><span class="font12"> le.</span></p>
    3457. 

  3457. <p><span class="font12">Tā bǎ zhèijiàn shi shuōde </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen qīngchu</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    3458. 

  3458. </div><br clear="all">
    3459. 

  3459. <div>
    3460. 

  3460. <p><span class="font12">He sold his car.</span></p>
    3461. 

  3461. <p><span class="font12">Please exchange the tickets.</span></p>
    3462. 

  3462. <p><span class="font12">He wrote down my address.</span></p>
    3463. 

  3463. <p><span class="font12">Take the baggage onto the train.</span></p>
    3464. 

  3464. <p><span class="font12">We agreed on this matter yesterday</span></p>
    3465. 

  3465. <p><span class="font12">I will finish writing this first and then leave.</span></p>
    3466. 

  3466. <p><span class="font12">You wrote my name wrong.</span></p>
    3467. 

  3467. <p><span class="font12">You wrote this character too large</span></p>
    3468. 

  3468. <p><span class="font12">He talked very clearly about this.</span></p>
    3469. 

  3469. </div><br clear="all">
    3470. 

  3470. <div>
    3471. 

  3471. <p><span class="font12">(PREPOSITIONAL VERB PHRASE AFTER THE VERB)</span></p>
    3472. 

  3472. </div><br clear="all">
    3473. 

  3473. <div>
    3474. 

  3474. <p><span class="font12">Bǎ píjiǔ fang </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zai zhuōzi</span><span class="font12">-</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shang</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    3475. 

  3475. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ bǎ chē ting </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zai nèibian </span><span class="font12">děng nín.</span></p>
    3476. 

  3476. <p><span class="font12">(INDIRECT OBJECT AFTER THE VERB) Lī Xiānsheng bǎ zìdiǎn gěi </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xuésheng</span><span class="font12"> le.</span></p>
    3477. 

  3477. <p><span class="font12">(NUMBER PLUS COUNTER AFTER THE VERB)</span></p>
    3478. 

  3478. <p><span class="font12">Qīng ni zài bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr niàn </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yícì</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    3479. 

  3479. <p><span class="font12">Qīng ni bǎ zhèige kàn </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yixia</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    3480. 

  3480. </div><br clear="all">
    3481. 

  3481. <div>
    3482. 

  3482. <p><span class="font12">Put the beer on the table.</span></p>
    3483. 

  3483. <p><span class="font12">I will park the car over there and wait for you.</span></p>
    3484. 

  3484. <p><span class="font12">Mr. Lī has given the dictionaries to the students.</span></p>
    3485. 

  3485. <p><span class="font12">Please read his telephone number aloud once more.</span></p>
    3486. 

  3486. <p><span class="font12">Please take a look at this. (OR &quot;Please read this over.&quot;)</span></p>
    3487. 

  3487. </div><br clear="all">
    3488. 

  3488. <p><span class="font12">In the first sentence of exchange U, the verb phrase is made complex by having an indirect object after the verb: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong </span><span class="font12">wǒ</span></p>
    3489. 

  3489. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3490. 

  3490. <p><span class="font12">b. When MUST </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> be used?</span></p></li></ul>
    3491. 

  3491. <p><span class="font12">The examples above which require the use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> are those with a prepositional verb phrase after the verb, those with a manner expression after the verb, and most of the sentences under the heading &quot;Compound Verb. In these examples, the object may not be placed between the verb and the element which follows.</span></p>
    3492. 

  3492. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3493. 

  3493. <p><span class="font12">c. When can't </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā</span><span class="font12"> be used?</span></p></li></ul>
    3494. 

  3494. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font12"> cannot normally be used in a sentence if the verb is not an action verb, if the verb describes perception (like </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànjian</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tingjian</span><span class="font12">), if the object is not the undergoer of the action, if the object is indefinite, or if the verb is a simple verb. Here are some examples of sentences in which bā cannot be used:</span></p>
    3495. 

  3495. <table border="1">
    3496. 

  3496. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3497. 

  3497. <p><span class="font12">Wo mǎile yíge shōuyīnjī.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3498. 

  3498. <p><span class="font12">I bought a radio. (INDEFINITE OBJECT)</span></p></td></tr>
    3499. 

  3499. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3500. 

  3500. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ kànjian ta le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3501. 

  3501. <p><span class="font12">I saw him.</span></p>
    3502. 

  3502. <p><span class="font12">(PERCEPTION VERB E</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kànJian</span><span class="font12">J; OBJECT DOES NOT UNDERGO ACTION)</span></p></td></tr>
    3503. 

  3503. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3504. 

  3504. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng kàn zhèiběn shū.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3505. 

  3505. <p><span class="font12">I would like to read this book. (SIMPLE VERB)</span></p></td></tr>
    3506. 

  3506. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3507. 

  3507. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ yǒu hěn duō wàiguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3508. 

  3508. <p><span class="font12">I have a lot of foreign friends.</span></p></td></tr>
    3509. 

  3509. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3510. 

  3510. <p><span class="font12">pengyou.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3511. 

  3511. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu</span><span class="font12"> NOT ACTION VERB)</span></p></td></tr>
    3512. 

  3512. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3513. 

  3513. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zhīdào zhèijiàn shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3514. 

  3514. <p><span class="font12">I know of this matter, (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdào</span><span class="font12"> NOT ACTION VERB)</span></p></td></tr>
    3515. 

  3515. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3516. 

  3516. <p><span class="font12">d. What is the motivation for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3517. 

  3517. <p><span class="font12">using </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bā?</span></p></td></tr>
    3518. 

  3518. </table>
    3519. 

  3519. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font12"> is used when the verb phrase gives more new important information than the object does. The Chinese prefer to place that important verb phrase in final position in a sentence, where the phrase will be prominent. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bǎ</span><span class="font12"> performs the function of taking the object out of the way (to the beginning of a sentence) and allowing the verb phrase to have its full impact.</span></p>
    3520. 

  3520. <p><span class="font12">e. To make a </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> sentence negative, place the negative adverb in front of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ</span><span class="font12"> (NOT in front of the main verb).</span></p>
    3521. 

  3521. <p><span class="font12">Tā méi bǎ zhuōzi bānchuqu. He did not move the table out.</span></p>
    3522. 

  3522. <p><span class="font12">Nī bù bǎ ròu<a name="footnote8"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark119">8</a></sup> fàng zai How can it do for you not to put bīngxiāngli zěnme xíng? the meat in the refrigerator?</span></p>
    3523. 

  3523. <p><span class="font12">(How can you not put the meat in the refrigerator?)</span></p>
    3524. 

  3524. <div>
    3525. 

  3525. <p><span class="font12">5. C: Duìbuqī, nī gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà, wS bú zài.</span></p>
    3526. 

  3526. <p><span class="font12">C: Nī yǒu shi ma?</span></p>
    3527. 

  3527. <p><span class="font12">A: Shi a.' Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhěole míngtiān shídiǎn dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan.</span></p>
    3528. 

  3528. </div><br clear="all">
    3529. 

  3529. <p><span class="font12">I'm sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn't in.</span></p>
    3530. 

  3530. <p><span class="font12">Can I help you with something?</span></p>
    3531. 

  3531. <p><span class="font12">Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office at ten o'clock tomorrow for a talk.</span></p>
    3532. 

  3532. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
    3533. 

  3533. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gāngcái</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;just now,&quot; &quot;a short time ago.&quot; It may, like other time words, either precede or follow the subject of a sentence.</span></p>
    3534. 

  3534. <p><span class="font12">Tā gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà He called me a short time ago. le.</span></p>
    3535. 

  3535. <p><span class="font12">Gāngcái tā gěi wo dā diànhuà le.</span></p>
    3536. 

  3536. <p><span class="font12">The one-syllable adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gāng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;Just,&quot; always follows the subject of a sentence.</span></p>
    3537. 

  3537. <p><span class="font12">Tā gāng gěi wo dā diànhuà. He just called me.</span></p>
    3538. 

  3538. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ni gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà, wǒ bú zài,</span><span class="font12"> literally, &quot;You called me just now, I wasn’t in&quot;:To the first clause (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nī gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà</span><span class="font12">), you could add </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de shihou</span><span class="font12">, &quot;when.&quot; Even without </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-de shihou</span><span class="font12">, the relationship between the two clauses is still very close. Colloquially, no pause is needed between them. Here is a similar sentence:</span></p>
    3539. 

  3539. <p><span class="font12">Gāngcái wǒ qù zhāo ni, nī I just went to look for you, but you bú zài. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;weren’t there.</span></p>
    3540. 

  3540. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Něitiān</span><span class="font12"> literally means &quot;that day.&quot; It is the Chinese equivalent of &quot;the other day.&quot;</span></p>
    3541. 

  3541. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yuēhāo</span><span class="font12"> is a compound verb of result: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuē,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;to arrange a meeting,&quot; &quot;to make an appointment,&quot; plus </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hāo,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;successfully complete.&quot;</span></p>
    3542. 

  3542. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;with&quot; in the last sentence of exchange 5-</span></p>
    3543. 

  3543. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bàngōngshì</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bàngōng</span><span class="font12"> (literally, &quot;manage work&quot;) is frequently used for &quot;do work in an office.&quot; A </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bàngōngshì</span><span class="font12"> is a room where office work is done, or an &quot;office.&quot;</span></p>
    3544. 

  3544. <div>
    3545. 

  3545. <p><span class="font12">6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zāoshang wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suōyi xiǎng wèn nín women neng bu neng gāi dào xiàwǔ.</span></p>
    3546. 

  3546. <p><span class="font12">C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou?</span></p>
    3547. 

  3547. <p><span class="font12">A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiān zěnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?</span></p>
    3548. 

  3548. <p><span class="font12">C: Sìdiān bī sāndiān hāo. Wǒ sāndiān zhōng děi kāi huì.</span></p>
    3549. 

  3549. <p><span class="font12">A: Hāo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiān zhōng jiàn.</span></p>
    3550. 

  3550. <p><span class="font12">C: Hāo, wǒ sìdiān zhōng děng ni.</span></p>
    3551. 

  3551. </div><br clear="all">
    3552. 

  3552. <div>
    3553. 

  3553. <p><span class="font12">Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask you whether we can change it Cthe appointment] to the afternoon.</span></p>
    3554. 

  3554. <p><span class="font12">What time in the afternoon?</span></p>
    3555. 

  3555. <p><span class="font12">What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient for you?</span></p>
    3556. 

  3556. <p><span class="font12">Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three o’clock.</span></p>
    3557. 

  3557. <p><span class="font12">All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.</span></p>
    3558. 

  3558. <p><span class="font12">All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock.</span></p>
    3559. 

  3559. </div><br clear="all">
    3560. 

  3560. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
    3561. 

  3561. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">YàojIn</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to be urgent,&quot; &quot;to be important.&quot;</span></p>
    3562. 

  3562. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yinwei.■.suoyi</span><span class="font12">: When the first part of an English sentence begins with the word &quot;because,&quot; it is usually considered redundant to begin the second part with &quot;therefore.&quot; Thus the Chinese word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">suoyi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;therefore,&quot; in the first sentence of exchange 6, is not translated into English. In Chinese, however, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">suoyi</span><span class="font12"> is commonly used after a clause beginning with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīnwei</span><span class="font12">, &quot;because.&quot;</span></p>
    3563. 

  3563. <p><span class="font12">The verbs </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gǎi</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huàn</span><span class="font12"> are both frequently translated as &quot;to change.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gǎi</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;change&quot; in the sense of &quot;alter,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huàn</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;change&quot; in the sense of &quot;exchange.&quot;</span></p>
    3564. 

  3564. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gǎi dào xiàwǔ</span><span class="font12">, &quot;change (it) to the afternoon&quot;: In this phrase, the prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12"> and its object </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàwǔ</span><span class="font12"> do not precede the verb; they follow the verb. A </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to,&quot; phrase which precedes the main verb in a sentence can be a scene setter, that is, you go &quot;to&quot; a place and the action takes place there. Following the main verb in a sentence, a </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12"> phrase can indicate where something ends up as a result of the action. In the first sentence of exchange 6, the appointment will END UP in the afternoon. Here are some examples of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dào</span><span class="font12"> phrases:</span></p>
    3565. 

  3565. <p><span class="font12">Tā dào càishichǎng mǎi cài He went to the market to buy qu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;groceries. (SCENE SETTER)</span></p>
    3566. 

  3566. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ gāngcái dào wǔlōu zhao &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Just now I went to the fifth floor</span></p>
    3567. 

  3567. <p><span class="font12">Chen Tàitai qu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to look for Mrs. Chen. (SCENE</span></p>
    3568. 

  3568. <p><span class="font12">SETTER)</span></p>
    3569. 

  3569. <p><span class="font12">Tā pǎo dào shānshang qu le. He ran to the top of the mountain. (&quot;He&quot; ENDS UP ON THE MOUNTAINTOP.)</span></p>
    3570. 

  3570. <table border="1">
    3571. 

  3571. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3572. 

  3572. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3573. 

  3573. <p><span class="font12">hǎishi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3574. 

  3574. <p><span class="font12">still</span></p></td></tr>
    3575. 

  3575. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3576. 

  3576. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3577. 

  3577. <p><span class="font12">wàiguo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3578. 

  3578. <p><span class="font12">foreign, abroad</span></p></td></tr>
    3579. 

  3579. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3580. 

  3580. <p><span class="font12">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3581. 

  3581. <p><span class="font12">wàiguo ren</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3582. 

  3582. <p><span class="font12">foreigner (non-Chinese)</span></p></td></tr>
    3583. 

  3583. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3584. 

  3584. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3585. 

  3585. <p><span class="font12">wǔzi (yìjiān)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3586. 

  3586. <p><span class="font12">room</span></p></td></tr>
    3587. 

  3587. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3588. 

  3588. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3589. 

  3589. <p><span class="font12">yào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3590. 

  3590. <p><span class="font12">one (telephone pronunciation)</span></p></td></tr>
    3591. 

  3591. </table>
    3592. 

  3592. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
    3593. 

  3593. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎishi</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;still&quot; in the sense of &quot;as before.&quot; It is used in some of the same ways that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hǎi</span><span class="font12"> is used.</span></p>
    3594. 

  3594. <p><span class="font12">Sulrán tā you shíhou shuō Although he is sometimes impolite in huà bú kèqi, késhi wǒ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his speech, I still like him.</span></p>
    3595. 

  3595. <p><span class="font12">haishi xìhuan ta.</span></p>
    3596. 

  3596. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ háishi bù dǒng &quot;le” zěnme I still don’t understand how </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> is yòng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;used.</span></p>
    3597. 

  3597. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàiguo rén</span><span class="font12">, &quot;foreigner”: The use of this term is still generally based on race rather than on citizenship. Even Chinese who are American citizens living in the United States often refer to non-Chinese Americans as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàiguo rén.</span></p>
    3598. 

  3598. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wūzi</span><span class="font12">, ’’room”: The counter for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wūzi</span><span class="font12"> is -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiān</span><span class="font12">, which literally means &quot;interstice,&quot; &quot;interval,&quot; &quot;space,&quot; &quot;room.&quot;</span></p>
    3599. 

  3599. <div>
    3600. 

  3600. <h6><a name="bookmark64"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark120"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
    3601. 

  3601. </div><br clear="all">
    3602. 

  3602. <p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
    3603. 

  3603. <div>
    3604. 

  3604. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3605. 

  3605. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) LÍn Sizhǎng (Hello, is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?)</span></p></li></ul>
    3606. 

  3606. </div><br clear="all">
    3607. 

  3607. <div>
    3608. 

  3608. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3609. 

  3609. <p><span class="font12">2. Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wèi Shàoxiào</span></p></li>
    3610. 

  3610. <li>
    3611. 

  3611. <p><span class="font12">3. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? LÍn Kēzhǎng</span></p></li></ul>
    3612. 

  3612. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3613. 

  3613. <p><span class="font12">U. Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Bāoěr Xiānsheng</span></p></li></ul>
    3614. 

  3614. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3615. 

  3615. <p><span class="font12">5. Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Lī Xiānsheng</span></p></li>
    3616. 

  3616. <li>
    3617. 

  3617. <p><span class="font12">6. Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Meng Tǒngzhì</span></p></li>
    3618. 

  3618. <li>
    3619. 

  3619. <p><span class="font12">7. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Zhāngnán Tǒngzhì</span></p></li></ul>
    3620. 

  3620. </div><br clear="all">
    3621. 

  3621. <div>
    3622. 

  3622. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.</span></p>
    3623. 

  3623. <p><span class="font12">(Hello, is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.)</span></p>
    3624. 

  3624. <p><span class="font12">Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Wèi Shàoxiào shuō huà.</span></p>
    3625. 

  3625. <p><span class="font12">Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínhāng ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn Kēzhǎng shuō huà.</span></p>
    3626. 

  3626. <p><span class="font12">Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Bāoěr Xiānsheng shuō huà.</span></p>
    3627. 

  3627. <p><span class="font12">Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Lī Xiānsheng shuō huà.</span></p>
    3628. 

  3628. <p><span class="font12">Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Mèng Tǒngzhì shuō huà.</span></p>
    3629. 

  3629. <p><span class="font12">Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Zhāngnán Tǒngzhì shuō huà.</span></p>
    3630. 

  3630. </div><br clear="all">
    3631. 

  3631. <div>
    3632. 

  3632. <p><span class="font12">B. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
    3633. 

  3633. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3634. 

  3634. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai.</span></p></li></ul>
    3635. 

  3635. <p><span class="font12">(i’ll see whether he is here or not.)</span></p>
    3636. 

  3636. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3637. 

  3637. <p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang.</span></p></li>
    3638. 

  3638. <li>
    3639. 

  3639. <p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā yǒu gōngfu meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
    3640. 

  3640. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3641. 

  3641. <p><span class="font12">U. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
    3642. 

  3642. </div><br clear="all">
    3643. 

  3643. <div>
    3644. 

  3644. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai.</span></p>
    3645. 

  3645. <p><span class="font12">(Please wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.)</span></p>
    3646. 

  3646. <p><span class="font12">Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang.</span></p>
    3647. 

  3647. <p><span class="font12">Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā you gōngfu meiyou.</span></p>
    3648. 

  3648. <p><span class="font12">Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou.</span></p>
    3649. 

  3649. </div><br clear="all">
    3650. 

  3650. <div>
    3651. 

  3651. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3652. 

  3652. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule meiyou.</span></p></li>
    3653. 

  3653. <li>
    3654. 

  3654. <p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou.</span></p></li>
    3655. 

  3655. <li>
    3656. 

  3656. <p><span class="font12">7. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou.</span></p></li></ul>
    3657. 

  3657. </div><br clear="all">
    3658. 

  3658. <div>
    3659. 

  3659. <p><span class="font12">Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule meiyou.</span></p>
    3660. 

  3660. <p><span class="font12">Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou.</span></p>
    3661. 

  3661. <p><span class="font12">Qing ni děnyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou.</span></p>
    3662. 

  3662. </div><br clear="all">
    3663. 

  3663. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3664. 

  3664. <p><span class="font12">C.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3665. 

  3665. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3666. 

  3666. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Láojià, bǎ nínde diàn- </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde huà hàomǎr gàosong &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p></li></ul>
    3667. 

  3667. <p><span class="font12">wǒ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Please tell me Mr. Wáng’s</span></p>
    3668. 

  3668. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) Wáng Xiānsheng- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;telephone number.)</span></p>
    3669. 

  3669. <p><span class="font12">de diànhuà hàomǎr</span></p>
    3670. 

  3670. <p><span class="font12">(Please tell me his telephone number.)</span></p>
    3671. 

  3671. <div>
    3672. 

  3672. <p><span class="font12">2. Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde diànhuà hàomǎr</span></p>
    3673. 

  3673. <p><span class="font12">3. Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde dìzhì</span></p>
    3674. 

  3674. <p><span class="font12">U. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tāde bàngōngshìde</span></p>
    3675. 

  3675. <p><span class="font12">hàomǎr</span></p>
    3676. 

  3676. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3677. 

  3677. <p><span class="font12">5. Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p></li></ul>
    3678. 

  3678. <p><span class="font12">tāde dìzhì</span></p>
    3679. 

  3679. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3680. 

  3680. <p><span class="font12">6. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ. nínde diànhuà hàomǎr</span></p></li>
    3681. 

  3681. <li>
    3682. 

  3682. <p><span class="font12">7. Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p></li></ul>
    3683. 

  3683. </div><br clear="all">
    3684. 

  3684. <div>
    3685. 

  3685. <p><span class="font12">Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
    3686. 

  3686. <p><span class="font12">Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
    3687. 

  3687. <p><span class="font12">Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
    3688. 

  3688. <p><span class="font12">Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
    3689. 

  3689. </div><br clear="all">
    3690. 

  3690. <div>
    3691. 

  3691. <p><span class="font12">Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.</span></p>
    3692. 

  3692. </div><br clear="all">
    3693. 

  3693. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3694. 

  3694. <p><span class="font12">D.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3695. 

  3695. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3696. 

  3696. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.</span></p></li></ul>
    3697. 

  3697. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) not yet &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(I haven’t written it down</span></p>
    3698. 

  3698. <p><span class="font12">(Have you written it &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yet.)</span></p>
    3699. 

  3699. <table border="1">
    3700. 

  3700. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3701. 

  3701. <p><span class="font12">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3702. 

  3702. <p><span class="font12">Nī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3703. 

  3703. <p><span class="font12">down?) xiěhǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3704. 

  3704. <p><span class="font12">soon will</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3705. 

  3705. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ kuài xiěhǎo le.</span></p></td></tr>
    3706. 

  3706. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3707. 

  3707. <p><span class="font12">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3708. 

  3708. <p><span class="font12">Nī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3709. 

  3709. <p><span class="font12">xiěxiàlái le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3710. 

  3710. <p><span class="font12">already</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3711. 

  3711. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ yījīng xiěxiàlái le.</span></p></td></tr>
    3712. 

  3712. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3713. 

  3713. <p><span class="font12">U.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3714. 

  3714. <p><span class="font12">Nī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3715. 

  3715. <p><span class="font12">xiěxiàlái le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3716. 

  3716. <p><span class="font12">not yet</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3717. 

  3717. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.</span></p></td></tr>
    3718. 

  3718. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3719. 

  3719. <p><span class="font12">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3720. 

  3720. <p><span class="font12">Nī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3721. 

  3721. <p><span class="font12">xiěxiàlái le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3722. 

  3722. <p><span class="font12">did not</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3723. 

  3723. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ méi xiěxiàlái.</span></p></td></tr>
    3724. 

  3724. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3725. 

  3725. <p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3726. 

  3726. <p><span class="font12">Nī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3727. 

  3727. <p><span class="font12">xiěhǎo le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3728. 

  3728. <p><span class="font12">already</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3729. 

  3729. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ yījīng xiěhǎo le.</span></p></td></tr>
    3730. 

  3730. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3731. 

  3731. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3732. 

  3732. <p><span class="font12">Nī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3733. 

  3733. <p><span class="font12">xiěxiàlái le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3734. 

  3734. <p><span class="font12">Yes, I did</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3735. 

  3735. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiěxiàlái le.</span></p></td></tr>
    3736. 

  3736. </table>
    3737. 

  3737. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3738. 

  3738. <p><span class="font12">E.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3739. 

  3739. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3740. 

  3740. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Ni gēn tā yuēhǎo le ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) tā bàngōngshì</span></p></li></ul>
    3741. 

  3741. <p><span class="font12">(Did you make arrangements with him?)</span></p>
    3742. 

  3742. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3743. 

  3743. <p><span class="font12">2. Nī gēn Wang Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma? huǒchēzhàn</span></p></li>
    3744. 

  3744. <li>
    3745. 

  3745. <p><span class="font12">3. Nī gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le ma? wǒde bàngōngshì</span></p></li></ul>
    3746. 

  3746. <p><span class="font12">U. Nī gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le ma? Wàijiāobù</span></p>
    3747. 

  3747. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3748. 

  3748. <p><span class="font12">5. Nī gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le ma? xuéxiào</span></p></li>
    3749. 

  3749. <li>
    3750. 

  3750. <p><span class="font12">6. Nī gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tāde bàngōngshì</span></p></li>
    3751. 

  3751. <li>
    3752. 

  3752. <p><span class="font12">7. Nī gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;huìkèshì</span></p></li></ul>
    3753. 

  3753. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Gēn tā yuēhǎo le, zài tā bàngōngshì jiàn.</span></p>
    3754. 

  3754. <p><span class="font12">(I made arrangements with him to meet at his office.)</span></p>
    3755. 

  3755. <p><span class="font12">Gēn Wang Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huǒchēzhàn Jiàn.</span></p>
    3756. 

  3756. <p><span class="font12">Gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le, zài wǒde bàngōngshì jiàn.</span></p>
    3757. 

  3757. <p><span class="font12">Gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le, zài Wàijiāobù jiàn.</span></p>
    3758. 

  3758. <p><span class="font12">Gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le, zài xuéxiào jiàn.</span></p>
    3759. 

  3759. <p><span class="font12">Gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le, zài tāde bàngōngshì jiàn.</span></p>
    3760. 

  3760. <p><span class="font12">Gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huìkèshì jiàn.</span></p>
    3761. 

  3761. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3762. 

  3762. <p><span class="font12">F.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    3763. 

  3763. <p><span class="font12">You will need the word </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhǔrèn</span><span class="font12">, ’</span></p>
    3764. 

  3764. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3765. 

  3765. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒmen yǒu yàojīnde shi, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p></li></ul>
    3766. 

  3766. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái</span></p>
    3767. 

  3767. <p><span class="font12">(Because we have some important business in the morning, we will have to change to the afternoon.)</span></p>
    3768. 

  3768. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3769. 

  3769. <p><span class="font12">2. Yīnwei shàngwǔ LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì</span></p></li>
    3770. 

  3770. <li>
    3771. 

  3771. <p><span class="font12">3. Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. wǒ děi jiāo shū</span></p></li></ul>
    3772. 

  3772. <p><span class="font12">U. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi Jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p>
    3773. 

  3773. <p><span class="font12">wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù</span></p>
    3774. 

  3774. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3775. 

  3775. <p><span class="font12">5. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan</span></p></li>
    3776. 

  3776. <li>
    3777. 

  3777. <p><span class="font12">6. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p></li></ul>
    3778. 

  3778. <p><span class="font12">wǒ méi gōngfu</span></p>
    3779. 

  3779. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3780. 

  3780. <p><span class="font12">7. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p></li></ul>
    3781. 

  3781. <p><span class="font12">'director,” in this exercise.</span></p>
    3782. 

  3782. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Yīnwei shàngwǔ LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p>
    3783. 

  3783. <p><span class="font12">(Because Director LÍn cannot come in the morning, we will have to change to the afternoon. )</span></p>
    3784. 

  3784. <p><span class="font12">Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p>
    3785. 

  3785. <p><span class="font12">Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi Jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwī le.</span></p>
    3786. 

  3786. <p><span class="font12">Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p>
    3787. 

  3787. <p><span class="font12">Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p>
    3788. 

  3788. <p><span class="font12">Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.</span></p>
    3789. 

  3789. <p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p>
    3790. 

  3790. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3791. 

  3791. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Xiàwǔ sān-sìdiěn zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
    3792. 

  3792. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) tā</span></p>
    3793. 

  3793. <p><span class="font12">(How is CHow about3 three or four in the afternoon?)</span></p>
    3794. 

  3794. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3795. 

  3795. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā zěnmeyàng? Táiwān</span></p></li>
    3796. 

  3796. <li>
    3797. 

  3797. <p><span class="font12">3. Taiwan zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
    3798. 

  3798. <p><span class="font12">Táiwānde Jīngji</span></p>
    3799. 

  3799. <p><span class="font12">U. Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng? nèige fàndiàn</span></p>
    3800. 

  3800. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3801. 

  3801. <p><span class="font12">5. Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng? zhèige xuéxiào</span></p></li>
    3802. 

  3802. <li>
    3803. 

  3803. <p><span class="font12">6. Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng? tāmen maide diànshì</span></p></li>
    3804. 

  3804. <li>
    3805. 

  3805. <p><span class="font12">7. Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?</span></p></li></ul>
    3806. 

  3806. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
    3807. 

  3807. <p><span class="font12">(How is he? CHow about him?3)</span></p>
    3808. 

  3808. <p><span class="font12">Táiwān zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
    3809. 

  3809. <p><span class="font12">Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
    3810. 

  3810. <p><span class="font12">Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
    3811. 

  3811. <p><span class="font12">Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
    3812. 

  3812. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?</span></p>
    3813. 

  3813. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3814. 

  3814. <p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Transformation Drill</span></p></li>
    3815. 

  3815. <li>
    3816. 

  3816. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">? Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) when</span></p></li></ul>
    3817. 

  3817. <p><span class="font12">(They are meeting tomorrow.)</span></p>
    3818. 

  3818. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3819. 

  3819. <p><span class="font12">2. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. where</span></p></li>
    3820. 

  3820. <li>
    3821. 

  3821. <p><span class="font12">3. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. when</span></p></li>
    3822. 

  3822. <li>
    3823. 

  3823. <p><span class="font12">4. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. where</span></p></li>
    3824. 

  3824. <li>
    3825. 

  3825. <p><span class="font12">5. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. how many hours</span></p></li>
    3826. 

  3826. <li>
    3827. 

  3827. <p><span class="font12">6. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. how long</span></p></li>
    3828. 

  3828. <li>
    3829. 

  3829. <p><span class="font12">7. Tāmen yījīng kāi hui le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    3830. 

  3830. <p><span class="font12">yes</span></p>
    3831. 

  3831. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tāmen míngtiān shénme shíhou kāi hui?</span></p>
    3832. 

  3832. <p><span class="font12">(When are they meeting tomorrow?)</span></p>
    3833. 

  3833. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen míngtiān zài nār kāi hui?</span></p>
    3834. 

  3834. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen zuótiān shi shénme shíhou kāide hui?</span></p>
    3835. 

  3835. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen zuótiān shi zài nār kāide hui?</span></p>
    3836. 

  3836. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen míntiān kāi hui kāi jīge zhōngtóu?</span></p>
    3837. 

  3837. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui kāile duó jiǔ?</span></p>
    3838. 

  3838. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen yījīng kāi hui le.</span></p>
    3839. 

  3839. <div>
    3840. 

  3840. <h5><a name="bookmark121"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark122"></a>UNIT 6</span></h5>
    3841. 

  3841. </div><br clear="all">
    3842. 

  3842. <div>
    3843. 

  3843. <h6><a name="bookmark65"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark123"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
    3844. 

  3844. </div><br clear="all">
    3845. 

  3845. <p><span class="font12">(in Taipei)</span></p>
    3846. 

  3846. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3847. 

  3847. <p><span class="font12">1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    3848. 

  3848. <p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī ha.</span></p>
    3849. 

  3849. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3850. 

  3850. <p><span class="font12">2. B: Dōngménde cài kǒngpà meiyou Dàhuáde cài name hǎo ha.</span></p></li></ul>
    3851. 

  3851. <p><span class="font12">A: Suírán hú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women zhèli jìn.</span></p>
    3852. 

  3852. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3853. 

  3853. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Ou, hǎi yǒu yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jìn.</span></p></li></ul>
    3854. 

  3854. <p><span class="font12">B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēichāng hǎo.</span></p>
    3855. 

  3855. <p><span class="font12">B: Jīntiān wǒ. qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.</span></p>
    3856. 

  3856. <p><span class="font12">U. A: Nà hù hǎo yìsi!</span></p>
    3857. 

  3857. <p><span class="font12">B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài you hǎo you piānyi.</span></p>
    3858. 

  3858. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.</span></p>
    3859. 

  3859. <p><span class="font12">B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài hiéde dìfang chīhuzháo.</span></p>
    3860. 

  3860. <p><span class="font12">Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?</span></p>
    3861. 

  3861. <p><span class="font12">All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant?</span></p>
    3862. 

  3862. <p><span class="font12">I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at the Great China.</span></p>
    3863. 

  3863. <p><span class="font12">Even though it LEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.</span></p>
    3864. 

  3864. <p><span class="font12">Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.</span></p>
    3865. 

  3865. <p><span class="font12">The food there is extremely good.</span></p>
    3866. 

  3866. <p><span class="font12">Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.</span></p>
    3867. 

  3867. <p><span class="font12">I can’t let you do that!</span></p>
    3868. 

  3868. <p><span class="font12">(That would be too embarrassing!)</span></p>
    3869. 

  3869. <p><span class="font12">Don’t be polite. It’s nothing.</span></p>
    3870. 

  3870. <p><span class="font12">The food there is both good and cheap.</span></p>
    3871. 

  3871. <p><span class="font12">Any place you suggest is sure to be good.</span></p>
    3872. 

  3872. <p><span class="font12">They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other places.</span></p>
    3873. 

  3873. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    3874. 

  3874. <div>
    3875. 

  3875. <p><span class="font12">6. bù yídìng</span></p>
    3876. 

  3876. </div><br clear="all">
    3877. 

  3877. <div>
    3878. 

  3878. <p><span class="font12">7. kànfa</span></p>
    3879. 

  3879. </div><br clear="all">
    3880. 

  3880. <p><span class="font12">not necessarily; it’s not definite opinion, view</span></p>
    3881. 

  3881. <table border="1">
    3882. 

  3882. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3883. 

  3883. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3884. 

  3884. <p><span class="font12">wǎnfàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3885. 

  3885. <p><span class="font12">supper, dinner</span></p></td></tr>
    3886. 

  3886. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3887. 

  3887. <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3888. 

  3888. <p><span class="font12">xiǎngfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3889. 

  3889. <p><span class="font12">idea, opinion</span></p></td></tr>
    3890. 

  3890. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3891. 

  3891. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3892. 

  3892. <p><span class="font12">yìxiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3893. 

  3893. <p><span class="font12">some, several, a few</span></p></td></tr>
    3894. 

  3894. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3895. 

  3895. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3896. 

  3896. <p><span class="font12">zǎofàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3897. 

  3897. <p><span class="font12">breakfast</span></p></td></tr>
    3898. 

  3898. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3899. 

  3899. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3900. 

  3900. <p><span class="font12">zuòfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3901. 

  3901. <p><span class="font12">way of doing things, method, practice</span></p></td></tr>
    3902. 

  3902. </table><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText-5.png" alt="" style="width:307pt;height:229pt;">
    3903. 

  3903. <p><span class="font12">Modern apartments in Shanghai</span></p>
    3904. 

  3904. <h6><a name="bookmark66"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark124"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
    3905. 

  3905. <table border="1">
    3906. 

  3906. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3907. 

  3907. <p><span class="font12">biěde</span></p>
    3908. 

  3908. <p><span class="font12">&quot;bù hǎo yìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3909. 

  3909. <p><span class="font12">other, different</span></p>
    3910. 

  3910. <p><span class="font12">to be embarrassing; to feel embarrassed</span></p></td></tr>
    3911. 

  3911. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3912. 

  3912. <p><span class="font12">bù yídìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3913. 

  3913. <p><span class="font12">not necessarily; it’s not definite</span></p></td></tr>
    3914. 

  3914. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3915. 

  3915. <p><span class="font12">cài canting chībuzhǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3916. 

  3916. <p><span class="font12">food, cooked dish dining room; restaurant can’t find (to eat)</span></p></td></tr>
    3917. 

  3917. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3918. 

  3918. <p><span class="font12">Dàhuǎ Canting</span></p>
    3919. 

  3919. <p><span class="font12">Dōngmén Canting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3920. 

  3920. <p><span class="font12">Great China Restaurant East Gate Restaurant</span></p></td></tr>
    3921. 

  3921. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3922. 

  3922. <p><span class="font12">fēichǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3923. 

  3923. <p><span class="font12">very, extremely, highly</span></p></td></tr>
    3924. 

  3924. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3925. 

  3925. <p><span class="font12">gèng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3926. 

  3926. <p><span class="font12">even more</span></p></td></tr>
    3927. 

  3927. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3928. 

  3928. <p><span class="font12">hǎoxiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3929. 

  3929. <p><span class="font12">a good many, a lot</span></p></td></tr>
    3930. 

  3930. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3931. 

  3931. <p><span class="font12">kànfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3932. 

  3932. <p><span class="font12">opinion, view</span></p></td></tr>
    3933. 

  3933. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3934. 

  3934. <p><span class="font12">meiyou.. .nàme/zhème</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3935. 

  3935. <p><span class="font12">is not as...as...</span></p></td></tr>
    3936. 

  3936. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3937. 

  3937. <p><span class="font12">suírǎn(suīrǎn)...kěshi...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3938. 

  3938. <p><span class="font12">although, even though...(still)...</span></p></td></tr>
    3939. 

  3939. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3940. 

  3940. <p><span class="font12">wǎnfàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3941. 

  3941. <p><span class="font12">supper, dinner</span></p></td></tr>
    3942. 

  3942. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3943. 

  3943. <p><span class="font12">xiǎngfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3944. 

  3944. <p><span class="font12">idea, opinion</span></p></td></tr>
    3945. 

  3945. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3946. 

  3946. <p><span class="font12">yídìng yìxiē you...you...</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3947. 

  3947. <p><span class="font12">certainly</span></p>
    3948. 

  3948. <p><span class="font12">some, several, a few</span></p>
    3949. 

  3949. <p><span class="font12">both...and...</span></p></td></tr>
    3950. 

  3950. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3951. 

  3951. <p><span class="font12">zǎofàn zhōngfàn zuòfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3952. 

  3952. <p><span class="font12">breakfast</span></p>
    3953. 

  3953. <p><span class="font12">lunch</span></p>
    3954. 

  3954. <p><span class="font12">way of doing things, method, practice</span></p></td></tr>
    3955. 

  3955. </table>
    3956. 

  3956. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    3957. 

  3957. <table border="1">
    3958. 

  3958. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3959. 

  3959. <p><span class="font12">ānpaihǎo le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3960. 

  3960. <p><span class="font12">successfully arranged</span></p></td></tr>
    3961. 

  3961. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3962. 

  3962. <p><span class="font12">-bù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3963. 

  3963. <p><span class="font12">(counter for cars and buses)</span></p></td></tr>
    3964. 

  3964. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3965. 

  3965. <p><span class="font12">chūfā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3966. 

  3966. <p><span class="font12">to start a journey</span></p></td></tr>
    3967. 

  3967. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3968. 

  3968. <p><span class="font12">jiāoqū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3969. 

  3969. <p><span class="font12">suburbs</span></p></td></tr>
    3970. 

  3970. </table>
    3971. 

  3971. <table border="1">
    3972. 

  3972. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3973. 

  3973. <p><span class="font12">lǎoshi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3974. 

  3974. <p><span class="font12">always, all the time</span></p></td></tr>
    3975. 

  3975. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3976. 

  3976. <p><span class="font12">lián...(yě)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3977. 

  3977. <p><span class="font12">even.•.(also)</span></p></td></tr>
    3978. 

  3978. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3979. 

  3979. <p><span class="font12">Shísānlíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3980. 

  3980. <p><span class="font12">Ming Tombs (literally, &quot;Thirteen Tombs&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    3981. 

  3981. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3982. 

  3982. <p><span class="font12">yěcān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3983. 

  3983. <p><span class="font12">picnic</span></p></td></tr>
    3984. 

  3984. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3985. 

  3985. <p><span class="font12">yǒu míng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3986. 

  3986. <p><span class="font12">to be famous</span></p></td></tr>
    3987. 

  3987. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3988. 

  3988. <p><span class="font12">Yúyuàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3989. 

  3989. <p><span class="font12">Szechuan Garden</span></p></td></tr>
    3990. 

  3990. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3991. 

  3991. <p><span class="font12">zhāodài</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3992. 

  3992. <p><span class="font12">to he hospitable to</span></p></td></tr>
    3993. 

  3993. </table>
    3994. 

  3994. <h6><a name="bookmark67"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark125"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
    3995. 

  3995. <p><span class="font12">1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p>
    3996. 

  3996. <p><span class="font12">A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cāntīng qù chī ha.</span></p>
    3997. 

  3997. <p><span class="font12">Let’s go have lunch together today Okay?</span></p>
    3998. 

  3998. <p><span class="font12">All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant?</span></p>
    3999. 

  3999. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 1</span></p>
    4000. 

  4000. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhōngfàn</span><span class="font12"> means, literally, &quot;middle meal.&quot; &quot;Breakfast&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zǎofàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;early meal.&quot; &quot;Supper&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǎnfàn</span><span class="font12">, &quot;late meal.&quot;</span></p>
    4001. 

  4001. <div>
    4002. 

  4002. <p><span class="font12">2. B: Dōngménde cài kongpà méiyou Dàhuáde cài nàme hǎo ha.</span></p>
    4003. 

  4003. <p><span class="font12">A: Suírán hú tài hǎo, késhi lí women zhèli jin.</span></p>
    4004. 

  4004. </div><br clear="all">
    4005. 

  4005. <div>
    4006. 

  4006. <p><span class="font12">I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at the Great China.</span></p>
    4007. 

  4007. <p><span class="font12">Even though it [East Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.</span></p>
    4008. 

  4008. </div><br clear="all">
    4009. 

  4009. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
    4010. 

  4010. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cài</span><span class="font12">, &quot;(nonstaple) food,&quot; &quot;dish,&quot; &quot;course (of a meal)&quot;: Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cài </span><span class="font12">means &quot;vegetables.&quot; It refers to any dish that is eaten with rice. Both meat and vegetable dishes are included in the meaning.</span></p>
    4011. 

  4011. <div>
    4012. 

  4012. <p><span class="font12">The pattern </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">...(méi)you...nàme...</span><span class="font12"> is used to make one thing is LESS than another.</span></p>
    4013. 

  4013. </div><br clear="all">
    4014. 

  4014. <div>
    4015. 

  4015. <p><span class="font12">STATE VERB ADJECTIVAL</span></p>
    4016. 

  4016. </div><br clear="all">
    4017. 

  4017. <div>
    4018. 

  4018. <p><span class="font12">comparisons</span></p>
    4019. 

  4019. <p><span class="font12">(OFTEN</span></p>
    4020. 

  4020. <p><span class="font12">VERB)</span></p>
    4021. 

  4021. </div><br clear="all">
    4022. 

  4022. <div>
    4023. 

  4023. <p><span class="font12">when</span></p>
    4024. 

  4024. </div><br clear="all">
    4025. 

  4025. <div>
    4026. 

  4026. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">1</span><span class="font12"> + </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méiyou</span><span class="font12"> + </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">2</span><span class="font12"> + </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nàme/zhème</span><span class="font12"> +</span></p>
    4027. 

  4027. <table border="1">
    4028. 

  4028. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4029. 

  4029. <p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4030. 

  4030. <p><span class="font12">méiyou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4031. 

  4031. <p><span class="font12">nǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4032. 

  4032. <p><span class="font12">nàme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4033. 

  4033. <p><span class="font12">mang.</span></p></td></tr>
    4034. 

  4034. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4035. 

  4035. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4036. 

  4036. <p><span class="font12">méiyou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4037. 

  4037. <p><span class="font12">tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4038. 

  4038. <p><span class="font12">nàme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4039. 

  4039. <p><span class="font12">cōngming.</span></p></td></tr>
    4040. 

  4040. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4041. 

  4041. <p><span class="font12">Tā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4042. 

  4042. <p><span class="font12">méiyou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4043. 

  4043. <p><span class="font12">wǒ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4044. 

  4044. <p><span class="font12">nàme</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4045. 

  4045. <p><span class="font12">you qiān.</span></p></td></tr>
    4046. 

  4046. </table>
    4047. 

  4047. </div><br clear="all">
    4048. 

  4048. <p><span class="font12">Used less frequently without the negative </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi-</span><span class="font12">, the pattern means &quot;to be as Equality] AS [something else!.&quot;</span></p>
    4049. 

  4049. <div>
    4050. 

  4050. <p><span class="font12">Nīde shū méiyou wǒde shū nàme duō.</span></p>
    4051. 

  4051. <p><span class="font12">Yǒu.</span></p>
    4052. 

  4052. <p><span class="font12">Neige xuéxiàode túshūguǎn yǒu zhèige xuéxiàode zhème hǎo ma?</span></p>
    4053. 

  4053. </div><br clear="all">
    4054. 

  4054. <div>
    4055. 

  4055. <p><span class="font12">Your books are not as many as mine. (You don’t have as many books as I do.)</span></p>
    4056. 

  4056. <p><span class="font12">Yes, they are. (Yes, I do have as many books as you do.)</span></p>
    4057. 

  4057. <p><span class="font12">Is that school’s library as good as this one’s?</span></p>
    4058. 

  4058. </div><br clear="all">
    4059. 

  4059. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suírán...kěshi...</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suírán</span><span class="font12"> (or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">suīrán</span><span class="font12">), &quot;although,&quot; must always be followed by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kěshi</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">danshi</span><span class="font12">, meaning &quot;but,&quot; in the second part of a sentence. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kěshi/danshi</span><span class="font12"> would not usually be translated into English, but sometimes the word &quot;still&quot; is included in the translation: &quot;Although it’s not too good, still it’s close to us.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Suírán</span><span class="font12"> may either precede the subject or be placed between the subject and the verb of a sentence.</span></p>
    4060. 

  4060. <div>
    4061. 

  4061. <p><span class="font12">Suirán tā xihuan lùxíng, kěshi tā méi qùguo Zhōngguo.</span></p>
    4062. 

  4062. <p><span class="font12">Tā suirán jiǎngle hǎojīcì, kěshi wǒ háishi bù dǒng.</span></p>
    4063. 

  4063. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ suirán méi kànjianguo, kěshi ting rén shuōguo.</span></p>
    4064. 

  4064. </div><br clear="all">
    4065. 

  4065. <p><span class="font12">Although she likes to travel, she has never been to China.</span></p>
    4066. 

  4066. <p><span class="font12">Although he explained it many times, I still didn’t understand.</span></p>
    4067. 

  4067. <p><span class="font12">Although I have never seen it, I have heard of it.</span></p>
    4068. 

  4068. <div>
    4069. 

  4069. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Ou, hái yǒu yíge xln kāide fànguanzi lí women zhèli gèng Jìn.</span></p>
    4070. 

  4070. <p><span class="font12">B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng hǎo.</span></p>
    4071. 

  4071. <p><span class="font12">B: Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.</span></p>
    4072. 

  4072. </div><br clear="all">
    4073. 

  4073. <div>
    4074. 

  4074. <p><span class="font12">Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.</span></p>
    4075. 

  4075. <p><span class="font12">The food there is exceptionally good.</span></p>
    4076. 

  4076. <p><span class="font12">Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.</span></p>
    4077. 

  4077. </div><br clear="all">
    4078. 

  4078. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
    4079. 

  4079. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xīn kāide</span><span class="font12">: The adjectival verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xln</span><span class="font12">, &quot;new,&quot; means &quot;newly,&quot; &quot;recently&quot; when used as an adverb.</span></p>
    4080. 

  4080. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gèng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;more,&quot; &quot;even more,&quot; &quot;still more&quot;</span></p>
    4081. 

  4081. <div>
    4082. 

  4082. <p><span class="font12">Zài līngshiguǎn gōngzuòde rén bī dàshiguǎn gèng duō.</span></p>
    4083. 

  4083. <p><span class="font12">Lu píngguǒ hěn guì, hong píngguǒ gèng guì.</span></p>
    4084. 

  4084. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Tíngfēng shuōde Zhōngguo huà, Zhōngguo rén hěn nán tīngdedǒng, wàiguo rén yídìng gèng nán.</span></p>
    4085. 

  4085. </div><br clear="all">
    4086. 

  4086. <div>
    4087. 

  4087. <p><span class="font12">More people work at the consulates than at the embassy.</span></p>
    4088. 

  4088. <p><span class="font12">Green apples are expensive; red apples are even more expensive.</span></p>
    4089. 

  4089. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Ting Feng's Chinese is hard for Chinese people to understand for a foreigner, it would certainly be even harder.</span></p>
    4090. 

  4090. </div><br clear="all">
    4091. 

  4091. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">An overview of comparison</span><span class="font12">: You have now learned several ways to compare things. The patterns presented here are the most common ones. Each pattern has a standard purpose:</span></p>
    4092. 

  4092. <p><span class="font12">(MORE)</span></p>
    4093. 

  4093. <p><span class="font12">...bl... (STATE VERB)</span></p>
    4094. 

  4094. <p><span class="font12">(LESS)</span></p>
    4095. 

  4095. <p><span class="font12">...meiyou...name (STATE VERB)</span></p>
    4096. 

  4096. <p><span class="font12">(EQUAL)</span></p>
    4097. 

  4097. <p><span class="font12">...gēn...yíyàng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(STATE VERB)</span></p>
    4098. 

  4098. <p><span class="font12">A simple adjectival verb may also be used to make a comparison:</span></p>
    4099. 

  4099. <p><span class="font12">Zhèi liǎngběn, nēiběn guì? Which of these two books is more expensive?</span></p>
    4100. 

  4100. <p><span class="font12">For each of the three patterns above (MORE—LESS—EQUAL), the comparison is made with a STATE verb. State verbs include adjectival verbs (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hāo</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be good&quot;), auxiliary verbs (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">hui</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to know how to,&quot; &quot;can&quot;), and verbs describing mental attitudes or situations (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhidào</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to know&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xīhuan</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to like&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ài</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to love&quot;).</span></p>
    4101. 

  4101. <p><span class="font12">Tā bì wo ài chī Zhōngguo fàn. He loves to eat Chinese food more than I.</span></p>
    4102. 

  4102. <p><span class="font12">Zhèijiàn shìqing, nī bī tā You know more about this than he does, zhīdào.</span></p>
    4103. 

  4103. <p><span class="font12">Tā meiyou wǒ zhème xīhuan He doesn’t like to see movies as kàn diànyīng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;much as I do.</span></p>
    4104. 

  4104. <p><span class="font12">Although the verb phrase begins with a state verb, that may not be the only word in the comparison. It may be expanded to include other verbs (any type) and objects.</span></p>
    4105. 

  4105. <p><span class="font12">The things being compared may also be expanded. Whole sentences may be placed in the slots for things compared:</span></p>
    4106. 

  4106. <p><span class="font12">Zuò huochē meiyou zuò fēijī Going by train is not as fast as nàme kuài. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;going by plane.</span></p>
    4107. 

  4107. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xuē Zhōngwén bī tā xué It’s easier for him, studying history, lìshī rōngyi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;than it is for me, studying Chinese.</span></p>
    4108. 

  4108. <p><span class="font12">Although the prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bī</span><span class="font12"> is used to say that one thing is &quot;more&quot; than another, do not use the negative of this pattern to say that something is &quot;less.&quot;</span></p>
    4109. 

  4109. <p><span class="font12">Tā bī tā gēge néng shuō huà. He is a better talker (smoother talker) than his older brother.</span></p>
    4110. 

  4110. <p><span class="font12">This pattern may also be expanded to indicate Just HOW MUCH more one thing is than another. (Place the amount after the verb in a sentence.)</span></p>
    4111. 

  4111. <p><span class="font12">Zhèiběn bī nèiběn guì sānkuài This book is three dollars more qián. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;expensive than that one.</span></p>
    4112. 

  4112. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ bī tā dà liǎngsuì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I am two years older than she is.</span></p>
    4113. 

  4113. <p><span class="font12">Another way to indicate how much more is to add -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">de duō</span><span class="font12">, &quot;a lot,&quot; to an adjectival verb.</span></p>
    4114. 

  4114. <p><span class="font12">Zhèige bī nèige hǎokànde duō! This is much better looking than that!</span></p>
    4115. 

  4115. <p><span class="font12">Use the pattern </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">...meiyou...nàme</span><span class="font12"> + state verb to say that one thing is less than another.</span></p>
    4116. 

  4116. <p><span class="font12">Wǒde zì méiyou tāde nàme My characters don’t look as good as hāokàn. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;his.</span></p>
    4117. 

  4117. <p><span class="font12">Tā xiǎng māide fángzi méiyou The house she wants to buy isn't as zhèige fángzi jin. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;close as this one.</span></p>
    4118. 

  4118. <p><span class="font12">The affirmative pattern </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">...you...nàme</span><span class="font12"> + state verb is ambiguous: it says that one item is AT LEAST AS expensive as another item which is either equally expensive or less expensive. This pattern is not as common as </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">...méiyou...nàme</span><span class="font12"> + state verb.</span></p>
    4119. 

  4119. <p><span class="font12">The adverbs </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gèng,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;even more,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;most,&quot; are easily used to compare more than two things. (Place these adverbs before the verb in a sentence.)</span></p>
    4120. 

  4120. <p><span class="font12">Zhèi liāngběn hen guì, kěshi These two books are very expensive, nèiběn gèng guì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but that one is even more expensive.</span></p>
    4121. 

  4121. <p><span class="font12">DÌyīběn bl dìèrběn guì, kěshi The first book is more expensive than dìsānběn zuì guì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that one, but the third one is the</span></p>
    4122. 

  4122. <p><span class="font12">most expensive.</span></p>
    4123. 

  4123. <p><span class="font12">If the entire sentence involves a comparison of the three books, the speaker may single out the most expensive book with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuì</span><span class="font12">, or sometimes without it.</span></p>
    4124. 

  4124. <p><span class="font12">Zhèi sānběn shū, nèibén guì? Of these three books, which is the (most) expensive one?</span></p>
    4125. 

  4125. <p><span class="font12">Zhèiběn zuì guì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This one is the most expensive.</span></p>
    4126. 

  4126. <div>
    4127. 

  4127. <p><span class="font12">U. A: Nà bù hāo yìsi.’</span></p>
    4128. 

  4128. <p><span class="font12">B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài yǒu hāo yòu piányi.</span></p>
    4129. 

  4129. </div><br clear="all">
    4130. 

  4130. <div>
    4131. 

  4131. <p><span class="font12">I can't let you do that! (That would be too embarrassing!)</span></p>
    4132. 

  4132. <p><span class="font12">Don't be polite. It's nothing. The food there is both good and cheap.</span></p>
    4133. 

  4133. </div><br clear="all">
    4134. 

  4134. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
    4135. 

  4135. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù hāo yìsi</span><span class="font12"> is an idiomatic phrase meaning &quot;to be embarrassing.&quot; In Chinese culture, treating someone to a meal both shows your respect for him and maintains your status as a generous host. In exchange U, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nà bù hāo yìsi </span><span class="font12">means &quot;I’m embarrassed to have you show me so much respect,&quot; or &quot;I’m em-barrassed to appear to be too cheap to treat you.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù hāo yìsi</span><span class="font12"> also means &quot;to feel embarrassed.&quot;</span></p>
    4136. 

  4136. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yǒu...yòu...</span><span class="font12">, &quot;both...and.: The element following each </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font12"> may be as simple as an adjectival verb or as complex as a full verb phrase.</span></p>
    4137. 

  4137. <p><span class="font12">Tā háizi </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font12"> huì shuō Yíngwén, His child can speak </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">both</span><span class="font12"> English </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">and yòu</span><span class="font12"> huì shuō Zhōngguo huà. Chinese.</span></p>
    4138. 

  4138. <div>
    4139. 

  4139. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.</span></p>
    4140. 

  4140. <p><span class="font12">B: Tāmen nǎli you haoxiē cǎi biéde dìfang chībuzháo.</span></p>
    4141. 

  4141. </div><br clear="all">
    4142. 

  4142. <div>
    4143. 

  4143. <p><span class="font12">Any place you suggest is sure to be good.</span></p>
    4144. 

  4144. <p><span class="font12">They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other places.</span></p>
    4145. 

  4145. </div><br clear="all">
    4146. 

  4146. <div>
    4147. 

  4147. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
    4148. 

  4148. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yídìng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;certainly,&quot; can act as (ADVERB)</span></p>
    4149. 

  4149. <p><span class="font12">Tā yídìng lǎi.</span></p>
    4150. 

  4150. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ bù yídìng qù.</span></p>
    4151. 

  4151. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hái bù yídìng qù.</span></p>
    4152. 

  4152. <p><span class="font12">(ADJECTIVAL VERB)</span></p>
    4153. 

  4153. <p><span class="font12">Nī néitiān qù?</span></p>
    4154. 

  4154. </div><br clear="all">
    4155. 

  4155. <div>
    4156. 

  4156. <p><span class="font12">Hái bù yídìng.</span></p>
    4157. 

  4157. <p><span class="font12">Nǎ shi yídìngde.</span></p>
    4158. 

  4158. </div><br clear="all">
    4159. 

  4159. <div>
    4160. 

  4160. <p><span class="font12">either an adverb or an adjectival verb</span></p>
    4161. 

  4161. <p><span class="font12">He will definitely come.</span></p>
    4162. 

  4162. <p><span class="font12">It’s not certain that I will go.</span></p>
    4163. 

  4163. <p><span class="font12">It’s not yet certain that I will go</span></p>
    4164. 

  4164. <p><span class="font12">On what day are you going there? It’s not certain yet.</span></p>
    4165. 

  4165. <p><span class="font12">That’s for sure.</span></p>
    4166. 

  4166. </div><br clear="all">
    4167. 

  4167. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Hǎoxiē</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;a good many&quot; or &quot;a lot.&quot; You have seen </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-xiē</span><span class="font12">, &quot;several, &quot;some,&quot; in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèixie</span><span class="font12">, &quot;these,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèixie</span><span class="font12">, &quot;those.&quot; The element </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-xiē</span><span class="font12"> also occurs in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yìxiē</span><span class="font12">, &quot;some,&quot; &quot;a few&quot;: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shūjiàzishang hái yǒu yìxiē shū,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;There are still a few books on the bookcase.&quot;</span></p>
    4168. 

  4168. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Biéde</span><span class="font12"> is the word for &quot;other&quot; in the sense of &quot;a different one.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">LÌngwǎi</span><span class="font12"> is the word for &quot;other&quot; when you mean &quot;an additional one.&quot;</span></p>
    4169. 

  4169. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chībuzháo</span><span class="font12">: In this compound verb of result, the ending </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zháo</span><span class="font12"> indicates success in obtaining something. Here are some examples of compounds ending in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-zháo</span><span class="font12">:</span></p>
    4170. 

  4170. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zhǎobuzháo tāde diànhuà I cannot find his phone number, hàomǎr.</span></p>
    4171. 

  4171. <p><span class="font12">Jīntiān méi mǎizháo píngguǒ. I did not succeed in buying apples today.</span></p>
    4172. 

  4172. <table border="1">
    4173. 

  4173. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4174. 

  4174. <p><span class="font12">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4175. 

  4175. <p><span class="font12">bù yídìng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4176. 

  4176. <p><span class="font12">not necessarily; it’s not definite</span></p></td></tr>
    4177. 

  4177. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4178. 

  4178. <p><span class="font12">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4179. 

  4179. <p><span class="font12">kànfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4180. 

  4180. <p><span class="font12">opinion, view</span></p></td></tr>
    4181. 

  4181. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4182. 

  4182. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4183. 

  4183. <p><span class="font12">wǎnfàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4184. 

  4184. <p><span class="font12">supper, dinner</span></p></td></tr>
    4185. 

  4185. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4186. 

  4186. <p><span class="font12">9-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4187. 

  4187. <p><span class="font12">xiǎngfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4188. 

  4188. <p><span class="font12">idea, opinion</span></p></td></tr>
    4189. 

  4189. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4190. 

  4190. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4191. 

  4191. <p><span class="font12">yìxiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4192. 

  4192. <p><span class="font12">some, several, a few</span></p></td></tr>
    4193. 

  4193. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4194. 

  4194. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4195. 

  4195. <p><span class="font12">zǎofàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4196. 

  4196. <p><span class="font12">breakfast</span></p></td></tr>
    4197. 

  4197. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4198. 

  4198. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4199. 

  4199. <p><span class="font12">zuòfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4200. 

  4200. <p><span class="font12">way of doing things, method, practice</span></p></td></tr>
    4201. 

  4201. </table>
    4202. 

  4202. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
    4203. 

  4203. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kànfa,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;opinion,” ’’view,&quot; may be loosely translated as &quot;way of looking at things.&quot; The word is made up of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kàn</span><span class="font12">, to look,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎ</span><span class="font12">, &quot;method,&quot; &quot;way.&quot;</span></p>
    4204. 

  4204. <p><span class="font12">Women duì zhèijiàn shìde Our opinions on this matter are not kànfa bù yíyàng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the same.</span></p>
    4205. 

  4205. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎngfa</span><span class="font12">, &quot;idea,&quot; &quot;opinion,&quot; is made up of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to think,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎ</span><span class="font12">, &quot;method, &quot;way.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎngfa</span><span class="font12"> is a &quot;way of thinking.&quot; The word is actually pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎngfa</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    4206. 

  4206. <p><span class="font12">Tāde xiǎngfa gēn wǒde yíyàng. His way of thinking is the same as mine.</span></p>
    4207. 

  4207. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuòfa</span><span class="font12">, &quot;way of doing things,&quot; &quot;method,&quot; &quot;practice,&quot; is made up of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zuò,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;to do,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">fǎ</span><span class="font12">, &quot;method,&quot; &quot;way.&quot;</span></p>
    4208. 

  4208. <p><span class="font12">Níde mùdi hen hǎo, kěshi wǒ Your goal is good, but I don’t like bù xǐhuan nǐde zuòfa. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your methods.</span></p>
    4209. 

  4209. <h6><a name="bookmark68"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark126"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
    4210. 

  4210. <p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
    4211. 

  4211. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4212. 

  4212. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    4213. 

  4213. <p><span class="font12">(Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?)</span></p>
    4214. 

  4214. <p><span class="font12">OR Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
    4215. 

  4215. <p><span class="font12">(Today I am inviting you to go to eat lunch.)</span></p>
    4216. 

  4216. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4217. 

  4217. <p><span class="font12">2. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p></li>
    4218. 

  4218. <li>
    4219. 

  4219. <p><span class="font12">3. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p></li></ul>
    4220. 

  4220. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4221. 

  4221. <p><span class="font12">H. Xīngqīwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    4222. 

  4222. <p><span class="font12">5. Xīngqīliù wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
    4223. 

  4223. <p><span class="font12">6. Míngtiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?</span></p>
    4224. 

  4224. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Hǎo, Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni.</span></p>
    4225. 

  4225. <p><span class="font12">(All right. Today I’m inviting you.)</span></p>
    4226. 

  4226. <p><span class="font12">Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
    4227. 

  4227. <p><span class="font12">(Don’t be so polite. Let’s Just go together and split the bill.)</span></p>
    4228. 

  4228. <p><span class="font12">Hǎo, míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni.</span></p>
    4229. 

  4229. <p><span class="font12">Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
    4230. 

  4230. <p><span class="font12">Hǎo, Xīngqīwǔ wǒ qīng ni.</span></p>
    4231. 

  4231. <p><span class="font12">Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.</span></p>
    4232. 

  4232. <p><span class="font12">Hǎo, míngtiān wǒ qīng ni.</span></p>
    4233. 

  4233. <p><span class="font12">B: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
    4234. 

  4234. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4235. 

  4235. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nèige ròu bī zhèige ròu hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    4236. 

  4236. <p><span class="font12">(This meat is better than that meat.)</span></p>
    4237. 

  4237. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4238. 

  4238. <p><span class="font12">2. Xīnde bī Jiùde hǎo.</span></p></li>
    4239. 

  4239. <li>
    4240. 

  4240. <p><span class="font12">3. Dàhuǎde cài bī Dōngménde cài hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    4241. 

  4241. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhèige ròu méiyou nèige ròu nàme hǎo.</span></p>
    4242. 

  4242. <p><span class="font12">(This meat is not as good as that meat.)</span></p>
    4243. 

  4243. <p><span class="font12">Jiùde méiyou xīnde nàme hǎo.</span></p>
    4244. 

  4244. <p><span class="font12">Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài nàme hǎo.</span></p>
    4245. 

  4245. <p><span class="font12">U. Tāde qiān bǐ wǒde qian duō.</span></p>
    4246. 

  4246. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4247. 

  4247. <p><span class="font12">5. Nèige ròu bǐ zhèige ròu guì.</span></p></li>
    4248. 

  4248. <li>
    4249. 

  4249. <p><span class="font12">6. Jiù shū bǐ xīn shū piányi.</span></p></li>
    4250. 

  4250. <li>
    4251. 

  4251. <p><span class="font12">7. Tā kāi chē bǐ wo kāide kuài.</span></p></li></ul>
    4252. 

  4252. <p><span class="font12">Wǒde qiān meiyou tāde qiān name duō.</span></p>
    4253. 

  4253. <p><span class="font12">Zhèige ròu meiyou nèige ròu name guì.</span></p>
    4254. 

  4254. <p><span class="font12">Xīn shū meiyou j iù shū name piányi.</span></p>
    4255. 

  4255. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ kāi chē meiyou tā kāide name kuài</span></p>
    4256. 

  4256. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4257. 

  4257. <p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Combination Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    4258. 

  4258. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4259. 

  4259. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Bu tài hǎo. Lí women Jiā jìn.</span></p></li></ul>
    4260. 

  4260. <p><span class="font12">(It is not too good.</span></p>
    4261. 

  4261. <p><span class="font12">It is close to us.)</span></p>
    4262. 

  4262. <p><span class="font12">OR Hen hao. Lí women jiā tài yuan.</span></p>
    4263. 

  4263. <p><span class="font12">(It is very good. It is too far from us.)</span></p>
    4264. 

  4264. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4265. 

  4265. <p><span class="font12">2. Bu tài fāngbian. Lí women Jiā jìn.</span></p></li>
    4266. 

  4266. <li>
    4267. 

  4267. <p><span class="font12">3. Bu tài piányi. LÍ women j iā Jìn.</span></p></li></ul>
    4268. 

  4268. <p><span class="font12">1. Hěn piányi. Lí women jiā tài yuan.</span></p>
    4269. 

  4269. <p><span class="font12">5. Hěn hǎo. Lí women Jiā tài yuan.</span></p>
    4270. 

  4270. <p><span class="font12">6. Bu tài hǎo. Lí women Jiā hěn Jìn.</span></p>
    4271. 

  4271. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.</span></p>
    4272. 

  4272. <p><span class="font12">(Even though it is not too good it is close to us.)</span></p>
    4273. 

  4273. <p><span class="font12">Suírán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
    4274. 

  4274. <p><span class="font12">(Even though it is very good, it is too far from us.)</span></p>
    4275. 

  4275. <p><span class="font12">Suirán bú tài fāngbian, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.</span></p>
    4276. 

  4276. <p><span class="font12">Suirán bú tài piányi, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.</span></p>
    4277. 

  4277. <p><span class="font12">Suirán hěn piányi, kěshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
    4278. 

  4278. <p><span class="font12">Suirán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí women Jiā tài yuǎn.</span></p>
    4279. 

  4279. <p><span class="font12">Suirán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā hěn Jìn.</span></p>
    4280. 

  4280. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4281. 

  4281. <p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    4282. 

  4282. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4283. 

  4283. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr hen jin. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) zhèige</span></p></li></ul>
    4284. 

  4284. <p><span class="font12">(That restaurant is very close to here.)</span></p>
    4285. 

  4285. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4286. 

  4286. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā jiā lí zhèr hen jin. wǒ jiā</span></p></li>
    4287. 

  4287. <li>
    4288. 

  4288. <p><span class="font12">3. Nèige yínháng lí zhèr hen yuan. Zhōngguo Yínháng</span></p></li></ul>
    4289. 

  4289. <p><span class="font12">H. Wǔlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr hen yuan, nèige Qìchēzhàn</span></p>
    4290. 

  4290. <p><span class="font12">5. Wuguānchù lí zhèr hen yuan. Dàshiguǎn</span></p>
    4291. 

  4291. <p><span class="font12">6. Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr hen jin. Gōnglùjú chēzhàn</span></p>
    4292. 

  4292. <p><span class="font12">T. Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr hen yuǎn. Lī Jiàoshòu jiā</span></p>
    4293. 

  4293. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhèige fànguǎnzi bī nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr gèng jin. (This restaurant is even closer to here than that restaurant.)</span></p>
    4294. 

  4294. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ jiā bī tā jiā lí zhèr gèng jin.</span></p>
    4295. 

  4295. <p><span class="font12">Zhōngguo Yínháng bī nèige yínháng lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.</span></p>
    4296. 

  4296. <p><span class="font12">Nèige Qìchēzhàn bī Wūlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.</span></p>
    4297. 

  4297. <p><span class="font12">Dàshiguǎn bī Wuguānchù lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.</span></p>
    4298. 

  4298. <p><span class="font12">Gōnglùjú chēzhàn bī Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng jin.</span></p>
    4299. 

  4299. <p><span class="font12">Lī Jiàoshòu Jiā bī Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.</span></p>
    4300. 

  4300. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4301. 

  4301. <p><span class="font12">E. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    4302. 

  4302. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4303. 

  4303. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.</span></p></li></ul>
    4304. 

  4304. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) the same</span></p>
    4305. 

  4305. <p><span class="font12">(Both Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng have money Care rich].)</span></p>
    4306. 

  4306. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4307. 

  4307. <p><span class="font12">2. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián. more</span></p></li>
    4308. 

  4308. <li>
    4309. 

  4309. <p><span class="font12">3. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;less</span></p></li></ul>
    4310. 

  4310. <p><span class="font12">U. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;even more</span></p>
    4311. 

  4311. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhāng Xiǎojiě gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yíyàng you qián.</span></p>
    4312. 

  4312. <p><span class="font12">(Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng are equally rich.)</span></p>
    4313. 

  4313. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wáng Xiānsheng you qián.</span></p>
    4314. 

  4314. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Xiǎojiě meiyou Wáng Xiānsheng name you qián.</span></p>
    4315. 

  4315. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wáng Xiānsheng gèng you qián.</span></p>
    4316. 

  4316. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4317. 

  4317. <p><span class="font12">5- Zhang Xiǎojiěde qián, Wang Xiānshengde qián dōu hen duō. the same</span></p></li>
    4318. 

  4318. <li>
    4319. 

  4319. <p><span class="font12">6. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Xiānshengde qián dōu hen duō. less</span></p></li>
    4320. 

  4320. <li>
    4321. 

  4321. <p><span class="font12">7. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō. even more</span></p></li></ul>
    4322. 

  4322. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián gēn Wáng Xiānshengde qián yíyàng duō.</span></p>
    4323. 

  4323. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián méiyou Wáng Xiānshengde qián nàme duō.</span></p>
    4324. 

  4324. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián hi Wáng Xiānshengde qián gèng duo.</span></p>
    4325. 

  4325. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4326. 

  4326. <p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    4327. 

  4327. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4328. 

  4328. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nīmen zhèrde cài hěn hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    4329. 

  4329. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) exceptionally (Your food here is</span></p>
    4330. 

  4330. <p><span class="font12">very good.)</span></p>
    4331. 

  4331. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4332. 

  4332. <p><span class="font12">2. Nímen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo. extremely</span></p></li>
    4333. 

  4333. <li>
    4334. 

  4334. <p><span class="font12">3. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. a little (more)</span></p></li></ul>
    4335. 

  4335. <p><span class="font12">U. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn. even more</span></p>
    4336. 

  4336. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4337. 

  4337. <p><span class="font12">5. Nímen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo. extremely</span></p></li>
    4338. 

  4338. <li>
    4339. 

  4339. <p><span class="font12">6. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. expecially</span></p></li>
    4340. 

  4340. <li>
    4341. 

  4341. <p><span class="font12">7. Nímen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    4342. 

  4342. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nímen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo.</span></p>
    4343. 

  4343. <p><span class="font12">(Your food here is exceptionally good.)</span></p>
    4344. 

  4344. <table border="1">
    4345. 

  4345. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4346. 

  4346. <p><span class="font12">Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.</span></p></td></tr>
    4347. 

  4347. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4348. 

  4348. <p><span class="font12">Nímen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn.</span></p></td></tr>
    4349. 

  4349. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4350. 

  4350. <p><span class="font12">Nímen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo.</span></p></td></tr>
    4351. 

  4351. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4352. 

  4352. <p><span class="font12">Nimen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.</span></p></td></tr>
    4353. 

  4353. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4354. 

  4354. <p><span class="font12">Nimen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.</span></p></td></tr>
    4355. 

  4355. </table>
    4356. 

  4356. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4357. 

  4357. <p><span class="font12">G.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Combination Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    4358. 

  4358. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4359. 

  4359. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zhèiběn shū hěn hǎo. Zhèiběn shū hěn pianyi.</span></p></li></ul>
    4360. 

  4360. <p><span class="font12">(This book is good. This book is inexpensive.)</span></p>
    4361. 

  4361. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4362. 

  4362. <p><span class="font12">2. Nǐ maide dìtú hěn hǎo. Nǐ mǎide dìtú hěn piányi.</span></p></li>
    4363. 

  4363. <li>
    4364. 

  4364. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn hǎo. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn dà.</span></p></li></ul>
    4365. 

  4365. <p><span class="font12">U. Nèibān fēijī hěn kuài. Nèibān fēijī hěn piányi.</span></p>
    4366. 

  4366. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4367. 

  4367. <p><span class="font12">5. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn hǎo. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn fāngbian.</span></p></li>
    4368. 

  4368. <li>
    4369. 

  4369. <p><span class="font12">6. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn jìn. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn piányi.</span></p></li>
    4370. 

  4370. <li>
    4371. 

  4371. <p><span class="font12">7. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn piányi. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    4372. 

  4372. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhèiběn shū you hǎo you piányi (This book is both good and inexpensive.)</span></p>
    4373. 

  4373. <p><span class="font12">Nǐ mǎide dìtú you hǎo you piányi.</span></p>
    4374. 

  4374. <p><span class="font12">Tā zhùde fàndiàn you hǎo you dà.</span></p>
    4375. 

  4375. <p><span class="font12">Nèibān fēijī you kuài you piányi.</span></p>
    4376. 

  4376. <p><span class="font12">Zuò huǒchē qù you hǎo you fāngbian.</span></p>
    4377. 

  4377. <p><span class="font12">Zhège fànguǎnzi yòu jìn you piányi.</span></p>
    4378. 

  4378. <p><span class="font12">Tā mǎide dìtǎn yòu piányi yòu hǎo.</span></p>
    4379. 

  4379. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4380. 

  4380. <p><span class="font12">H.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li>
    4381. 

  4381. <li>
    4382. 

  4382. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    4383. 

  4383. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) chī</span></p>
    4384. 

  4384. <p><span class="font12">(The meat here is exceptionally good.)</span></p>
    4385. 

  4385. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4386. 

  4386. <p><span class="font12">2. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. mǎi</span></p></li>
    4387. 

  4387. <li>
    4388. 

  4388. <p><span class="font12">3. Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo. mǎi</span></p></li></ul>
    4389. 

  4389. <p><span class="font12">k. Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo. kàn</span></p>
    4390. 

  4390. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4391. 

  4391. <p><span class="font12">5. Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō.</span></p></li></ul>
    4392. 

  4392. <p><span class="font12">kàn</span></p>
    4393. 

  4393. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang chībuzháo.</span></p>
    4394. 

  4394. <p><span class="font12">(The meat here is exceptionally good. You can’t find anything like it anywhere else.)</span></p>
    4395. 

  4395. <p><span class="font12">Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.</span></p>
    4396. 

  4396. <p><span class="font12">Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.</span></p>
    4397. 

  4397. <p><span class="font12">Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang kànbuzháo.</span></p>
    4398. 

  4398. <p><span class="font12">Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō, biéde dìfang kànbuzháo.</span></p>
    4399. 

  4399. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4400. 

  4400. <p><span class="font12">6. Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo. mǎi</span></p></li>
    4401. 

  4401. <li>
    4402. 

  4402. <p><span class="font12">7. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. chi</span></p></li></ul>
    4403. 

  4403. <p><span class="font12">Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.</span></p>
    4404. 

  4404. <p><span class="font12">Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang chībuzháo.</span></p>
    4405. 

  4405. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText-6.png" alt="" style="width:411pt;height:270pt;">
    4406. 

  4406. </div><br clear="all">
    4407. 

  4407. <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Drying rice in front </span><span class="font12">of a temple in central </span><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">Taiwan</span></p>
    4408. 

  4408. <h5><a name="bookmark127"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark128"></a>UNIT 7</span></h5>
    4409. 

  4409. <h6><a name="bookmark69"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark129"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
    4410. 

  4410. <p><span class="font12">(in Taipei)</span></p>
    4411. 

  4411. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4412. 

  4412. <p><span class="font12">1. B: &nbsp;Wèi.</span></p></li></ul>
    4413. 

  4413. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4414. 

  4414. <p><span class="font12">A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    4415. 

  4415. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4416. 

  4416. <p><span class="font12">2. B: &nbsp;Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bai</span></p></li></ul>
    4417. 

  4417. <p><span class="font12">Nushì?</span></p>
    4418. 

  4418. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4419. 

  4419. <p><span class="font12">A: &nbsp;Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ</span></p></li></ul>
    4420. 

  4420. <p><span class="font12">yǒu yíjiàn shi xiang gēn nín dating dating.</span></p>
    4421. 

  4421. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4422. 

  4422. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Shénme shi?</span></p></li></ul>
    4423. 

  4423. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4424. 

  4424. <p><span class="font12">A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, shi gāng pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.</span></p></li></ul>
    4425. 

  4425. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4426. 

  4426. <p><span class="font12">4. B: Bú cuò, Fāng Deming shi shàngge libài pài dào women zhèli láide.</span></p></li></ul>
    4427. 

  4427. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4428. 

  4428. <p><span class="font12">B: Zěnme? Ni rènshi ta ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    4429. 

  4429. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4430. 

  4430. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Bú rènshi.</span></p></li></ul>
    4431. 

  4431. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4432. 

  4432. <p><span class="font12">A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suoyi xiǎng qīng ni gěi wo Jièshao jièshao.</span></p></li></ul>
    4433. 

  4433. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4434. 

  4434. <p><span class="font12">6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan... hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu.</span></p></li></ul>
    4435. 

  4435. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4436. 

  4436. <p><span class="font12">B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    4437. 

  4437. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4438. 

  4438. <p><span class="font12">7. A: Xíng.</span></p></li></ul>
    4439. 

  4439. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4440. 

  4440. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì lái.</span></p></li></ul>
    4441. 

  4441. <p><span class="font12">A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu Jiù dào.</span></p>
    4442. 

  4442. <p><span class="font12">Hello.</span></p>
    4443. 

  4443. <p><span class="font12">Is this Mr. Zhāng?</span></p>
    4444. 

  4444. <p><span class="font12">Yes. Is this Miss White?</span></p>
    4445. 

  4445. <p><span class="font12">Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something I would like to ask you about.</span></p>
    4446. 

  4446. <p><span class="font12">What is it?</span></p>
    4447. 

  4447. <p><span class="font12">I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng Join you, who has Just been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name.</span></p>
    4448. 

  4448. <p><span class="font12">That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent over here last week.</span></p>
    4449. 

  4449. <p><span class="font12">Why? Do you know him?</span></p>
    4450. 

  4450. <p><span class="font12">I don’t know him.</span></p>
    4451. 

  4451. <p><span class="font12">However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him.</span></p>
    4452. 

  4452. <p><span class="font12">No problem. I'll take a look.... Okay, we are both free now.</span></p>
    4453. 

  4453. <p><span class="font12">Can you come now?</span></p>
    4454. 

  4454. <p><span class="font12">That will be fine.</span></p>
    4455. 

  4455. <p><span class="font12">I’ll come to your office right away.</span></p>
    4456. 

  4456. <p><span class="font12">I'll be there in about half an hour.</span></p>
    4457. 

  4457. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    4458. 

  4458. <table border="1">
    4459. 

  4459. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4460. 

  4460. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4461. 

  4461. <p><span class="font12">jìde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4462. 

  4462. <p><span class="font12">to remember</span></p></td></tr>
    4463. 

  4463. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4464. 

  4464. <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4465. 

  4465. <p><span class="font12">rénde</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4466. 

  4466. <p><span class="font12">to recognize, to know (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12">)</span></p></td></tr>
    4467. 

  4467. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4468. 

  4468. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4469. 

  4469. <p><span class="font12">rènshi zì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4470. 

  4470. <p><span class="font12">to know how to read (literally, ”to</span></p></td></tr>
    4471. 

  4471. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4472. 

  4472. <p><span class="font12">recognize characters&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    4473. 

  4473. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4474. 

  4474. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4475. 

  4475. <p><span class="font12">wang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4476. 

  4476. <p><span class="font12">to forget (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàngj: </span><span class="font12">especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)</span></p></td></tr>
    4477. 

  4477. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4478. 

  4478. <p><span class="font12">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4479. 

  4479. <p><span class="font12">wánquán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4480. 

  4480. <p><span class="font12">completely</span></p></td></tr>
    4481. 

  4481. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4482. 

  4482. <p><span class="font12">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4483. 

  4483. <p><span class="font12">xiǎngqilai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4484. 

  4484. <p><span class="font12">to think of, to remember</span></p></td></tr>
    4485. 

  4485. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4486. 

  4486. <p><span class="font12">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4487. 

  4487. <p><span class="font12">zuǒyòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4488. 

  4488. <p><span class="font12">approximat ely</span></p></td></tr>
    4489. 

  4489. </table>
    4490. 

  4490. <h6><a name="bookmark70"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark130"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
    4491. 

  4491. <table border="1">
    4492. 

  4492. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4493. 

  4493. <p><span class="font12">bìyè bú cuò</span></p>
    4494. 

  4494. <p><span class="font12">chàbuduō</span></p>
    4495. 

  4495. <p><span class="font12">dating</span></p>
    4496. 

  4496. <p><span class="font12">J ide</span></p>
    4497. 

  4497. <p><span class="font12">mǎshàng mei wèntí</span></p>
    4498. 

  4498. <p><span class="font12">pài dào pàilai</span></p>
    4499. 

  4499. <p><span class="font12">rènde</span></p>
    4500. 

  4500. <p><span class="font12">rènshi</span></p>
    4501. 

  4501. <p><span class="font12">rènshi zì</span></p>
    4502. 

  4502. <p><span class="font12">tīngshuō</span></p>
    4503. 

  4503. <p><span class="font12">wàng wàngj i wánquán wèntí</span></p>
    4504. 

  4504. <p><span class="font12">xiǎngqilai</span></p>
    4505. 

  4505. <p><span class="font12">zuǒyòu</span></p>
    4506. 

  4506. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    4507. 

  4507. <p><span class="font12">cōngming</span></p>
    4508. 

  4508. <p><span class="font12">duōde duō</span></p>
    4509. 

  4509. <p><span class="font12">kěnéng</span></p>
    4510. 

  4510. <p><span class="font12">Shìjiè Yínháng</span></p>
    4511. 

  4511. <p><span class="font12">xiū Jià</span></p>
    4512. 

  4512. <p><span class="font12">yanjiuyuàn</span></p>
    4513. 

  4513. <p><span class="font12">yàobushi...Jiù shi...</span></p>
    4514. 

  4514. <p><span class="font12">yònggōng</span></p>
    4515. 

  4515. <p><span class="font12">yuèchū</span></p>
    4516. 

  4516. <p><span class="font12">yuèdǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4517. 

  4517. <p><span class="font12">to graduate not bad, pretty good; that’s right almost, about, approximately</span></p>
    4518. 

  4518. <p><span class="font12">to inquire about, to ask about</span></p>
    4519. 

  4519. <p><span class="font12">to remember immediately (there’s) no problem</span></p>
    4520. 

  4520. <p><span class="font12">to send to to send here</span></p>
    4521. 

  4521. <p><span class="font12">to recognize, to know to recognize, to know to know how to read (literally, ”to recognize characters”)</span></p>
    4522. 

  4522. <p><span class="font12">to hear that</span></p>
    4523. 

  4523. <p><span class="font12">to forget to forget completely problem, question</span></p>
    4524. 

  4524. <p><span class="font12">to think of, to remember approximat ely</span></p>
    4525. 

  4525. <p><span class="font12">to be intelligent much more maybe World Bank to take a vacation graduate school if it’s not...then it will be... to be hardworking the beginning of the month the end of the month</span></p></td></tr>
    4526. 

  4526. </table>
    4527. 

  4527. <h6><a name="bookmark71"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark131"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
    4528. 

  4528. <p><span class="font12">1. &nbsp;B: &nbsp;Wèi.</span></p>
    4529. 

  4529. <p><span class="font12">A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?</span></p>
    4530. 

  4530. <p><span class="font12">2. &nbsp;B: &nbsp;Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bái</span></p>
    4531. 

  4531. <p><span class="font12">Nushì?</span></p>
    4532. 

  4532. <p><span class="font12">A: &nbsp;Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ</span></p>
    4533. 

  4533. <p><span class="font12">yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.</span></p>
    4534. 

  4534. <p><span class="font12">Hello.</span></p>
    4535. 

  4535. <p><span class="font12">Is this Mr. Zhāng?</span></p>
    4536. 

  4536. <p><span class="font12">Yes. Is this Miss White?</span></p>
    4537. 

  4537. <p><span class="font12">Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something</span></p>
    4538. 

  4538. <p><span class="font12">I would like to ask you about.</span></p>
    4539. 

  4539. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Nos. 1-2</span></p>
    4540. 

  4540. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gēn nín dating</span><span class="font12">, &quot;ask information from you&quot;: Note that the prepositional verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gēn</span><span class="font12"> is translated as &quot;from.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Dating</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to inquire,&quot; is less formal than </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐngjiào</span><span class="font12"> and requests information rather than advice.</span></p>
    4541. 

  4541. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Objects of reduplicated verbs</span><span class="font12">: Reduplicated verbs may be followed only by DEFINITE objects. Indefinite objects of reduplicated verbs precede those verbs. In the last sentence of exchange 2, the object of the reduplicated verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dating dating</span><span class="font12"> is indefinite: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíjiàn shi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;a matter&quot; Thus the object is introduced in the clause </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi</span><span class="font12"> which precedes the entire verb phrase </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng gēn nín dating dating</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    4542. 

  4542. <p><span class="font12">Reduplicating a verb makes it indefinite; adding an indefinite object might cause confusion. The reduplicated verbs in the sentences below have definite objects:</span></p>
    4543. 

  4543. <table border="1">
    4544. 

  4544. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4545. 

  4545. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng dating</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4546. 

  4546. <p><span class="font12">gēn nín dǎting nèijiàn shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4547. 

  4547. <p><span class="font12">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4548. 

  4548. <p><span class="font12">would</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4549. 

  4549. <p><span class="font12">like to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4550. 

  4550. <p><span class="font12">ask you about that.</span></p></td></tr>
    4551. 

  4551. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4552. 

  4552. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng dǎting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4553. 

  4553. <p><span class="font12">gēn nín dǎting zhèijiàn shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4554. 

  4554. <p><span class="font12">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4555. 

  4555. <p><span class="font12">would</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4556. 

  4556. <p><span class="font12">like to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4557. 

  4557. <p><span class="font12">ask you about this.</span></p></td></tr>
    4558. 

  4558. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4559. 

  4559. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng dǎt ing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4560. 

  4560. <p><span class="font12">gēn nín dǎting tāde shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4561. 

  4561. <p><span class="font12">I</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    4562. 

  4562. <p><span class="font12">would like to matter (about</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4563. 

  4563. <p><span class="font12">ask you about his him).</span></p></td></tr>
    4564. 

  4564. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4565. 

  4565. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng dǎting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4566. 

  4566. <p><span class="font12">gēn nín dǎting nǐde nèijiàn shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4567. 

  4567. <p><span class="font12">I</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4568. 

  4568. <p><span class="font12">would like to ask you about that matter of yours.</span></p></td></tr>
    4569. 

  4569. </table>
    4570. 

  4570. <p><span class="font12">Simple verbs are used in the following sentences, which have indefinite</span></p>
    4571. 

  4571. <div>
    4572. 

  4572. <p><span class="font12">objects:</span></p>
    4573. 

  4573. </div><br clear="all">
    4574. 

  4574. <table border="1">
    4575. 

  4575. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4576. 

  4576. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng gēn yìdiǎn shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4577. 

  4577. <p><span class="font12">nín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4578. 

  4578. <p><span class="font12">dǎt ing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4579. 

  4579. <p><span class="font12">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4580. 

  4580. <p><span class="font12">would like thing.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4581. 

  4581. <p><span class="font12">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4582. 

  4582. <p><span class="font12">ask</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4583. 

  4583. <p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4584. 

  4584. <p><span class="font12">about</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4585. 

  4585. <p><span class="font12">some-</span></p></td></tr>
    4586. 

  4586. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4587. 

  4587. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng gēn duō shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4588. 

  4588. <p><span class="font12">nín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4589. 

  4589. <p><span class="font12">dǎting hěn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4590. 

  4590. <p><span class="font12">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4591. 

  4591. <p><span class="font12">would like of things.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4592. 

  4592. <p><span class="font12">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4593. 

  4593. <p><span class="font12">ask</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4594. 

  4594. <p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4595. 

  4595. <p><span class="font12">about</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4596. 

  4596. <p><span class="font12">a lot</span></p></td></tr>
    4597. 

  4597. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4598. 

  4598. <p><span class="font12">Wo xiǎng gēn Jijiàn shi.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4599. 

  4599. <p><span class="font12">nín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4600. 

  4600. <p><span class="font12">dǎting</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4601. 

  4601. <p><span class="font12">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4602. 

  4602. <p><span class="font12">would like things.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4603. 

  4603. <p><span class="font12">to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4604. 

  4604. <p><span class="font12">ask</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4605. 

  4605. <p><span class="font12">you</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4606. 

  4606. <p><span class="font12">about</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4607. 

  4607. <p><span class="font12">a few</span></p></td></tr>
    4608. 

  4608. </table>
    4609. 

  4609. <div>
    4610. 

  4610. <p><span class="font12">3. B: Shénme shi?</span></p>
    4611. 

  4611. <p><span class="font12">A: Tīngshuō nín nabian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng, shi gang pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.</span></p>
    4612. 

  4612. </div><br clear="all">
    4613. 

  4613. <div>
    4614. 

  4614. <p><span class="font12">What is it?</span></p>
    4615. 

  4615. <p><span class="font12">I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name.</span></p>
    4616. 

  4616. </div><br clear="all">
    4617. 

  4617. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
    4618. 

  4618. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tīngshuō</span><span class="font12"> corresponds to the English &quot;I hear that....”</span></p>
    4619. 

  4619. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">...laile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng</span><span class="font12">, ’’there came a Mr. Fāng”: While &quot;a&quot; and ’’the&quot; are used in English to distinguish between indefinite and definite, word order accomplishes the same distinction in Chinese. The subject &quot;A Mr. Fāng” is placed AFTER the verb because the subject is indefinite. With an indefinite subject following the verb, information preceding the verb may give location, time, or other scene-setting details.</span></p>
    4620. 

  4620. <p><span class="font12">Zhèr xīn kāile yige hen &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A very good restaurant opened here</span></p>
    4621. 

  4621. <p><span class="font12">hǎode fànguǎnzi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;recently.</span></p>
    4622. 

  4622. <p><span class="font12">Zuótiān láile yìxiē Rìběn Some Japanese came yesterday, rén.</span></p>
    4623. 

  4623. <p><span class="font12">Yījīng qùle wǔbǎige rén. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Five hundred people have already</span></p>
    4624. 

  4624. <p><span class="font12">gone there.</span></p>
    4625. 

  4625. <p><span class="font12">Verbs of appearing and verbs of disappearing (&quot;to come,” &quot;to discover,&quot; &quot;to happen/occur&quot;) introduce indefinite subjects, as do the words </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu </span><span class="font12">and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒude</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    4626. 

  4626. <div>
    4627. 

  4627. <p><span class="font12">Wàibian you Jige rén zhao nī.</span></p>
    4628. 

  4628. <p><span class="font12">Yǒude rén bù xīhuan hē chá.</span></p>
    4629. 

  4629. </div><br clear="all">
    4630. 

  4630. <div>
    4631. 

  4631. <p><span class="font12">There are some people outside who want to see you.</span></p>
    4632. 

  4632. <p><span class="font12">Some people don’t like to drink tea</span></p>
    4633. 

  4633. </div><br clear="all">
    4634. 

  4634. <p><span class="font12">Some situations may be described with either </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yǒu</span><span class="font12"> or another verb.</span></p>
    4635. 

  4635. <div>
    4636. 

  4636. <p><span class="font12">Zuótiān you yige rén lái zhāo nī.</span></p>
    4637. 

  4637. <p><span class="font12">Zuótiān láile yige rén yào zhāo ni dāngmiàn tántan.</span></p>
    4638. 

  4638. </div><br clear="all">
    4639. 

  4639. <div>
    4640. 

  4640. <p><span class="font12">Yesterday there was someone here looking for you.</span></p>
    4641. 

  4641. <p><span class="font12">Yesterday someone was here who was looking for you to talk with you in person.</span></p>
    4642. 

  4642. </div><br clear="all">
    4643. 

  4643. <p><span class="font12">Subjects occurring at the end of a sentence are indefinite, whether or not they are accompanied by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yige</span><span class="font12">. Subjects preceding the verb in a sentence are definite, whether or not they are accompanied by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèige</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">nèige</span><span class="font12">, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèixiē nèixiē</span><span class="font12">, or other specifying words.</span></p>
    4644. 

  4644. <div>
    4645. 

  4645. <p><span class="font12">Lái rén le.</span></p>
    4646. 

  4646. <p><span class="font12">Rén lái le.</span></p>
    4647. 

  4647. </div><br clear="all">
    4648. 

  4648. <p><span class="font12">Some people have come.</span></p>
    4649. 

  4649. <p><span class="font12">The people have come, (i.e., those whom we were expecting)</span></p>
    4650. 

  4650. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Míngzi</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;name&quot;—of an object, a place, or a person (GIVEN NAME). Occasionally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">míngzi</span><span class="font12"> is used, for a person’s full name (surname and given name). This usage is more common in the PRC.</span></p>
    4651. 

  4651. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàngji</span><span class="font12"> is a verb meaning &quot;to forget&quot;—used especially in reference to forgetting facts. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to forget,&quot; is more commonly used, for forgetting to do something. The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">J ide</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to remember.&quot;</span></p>
    4652. 

  4652. <p><span class="font12">U. B: Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That’s right. Fang Deming was sent</span></p>
    4653. 

  4653. <p><span class="font12">shàngge lībài pài dào &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;over here last week,</span></p>
    4654. 

  4654. <p><span class="font12">women zhèli láide.</span></p>
    4655. 

  4655. <p><span class="font12">B: Zěnme? NǏ rènshi ta ma? Why? Do you know him?</span></p>
    4656. 

  4656. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. k</span></p>
    4657. 

  4657. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bú cuò</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;not bad&quot; in the sense of &quot;pretty good,&quot; &quot;pretty well,&quot; &quot;all right.&quot;</span></p>
    4658. 

  4658. <p><span class="font12">Nǐ zěnmeyàng? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How are things going?</span></p>
    4659. 

  4659. <p><span class="font12">Bú cuò. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Not bad.</span></p>
    4660. 

  4660. <p><span class="font12">In the first sentence of No. k, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú cuò</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;that’s right, your information is not wrong.&quot;</span></p>
    4661. 

  4661. <table border="1">
    4662. 

  4662. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4663. 

  4663. <p><span class="font12">Lǐ Xiānsheng, nǐ gang cóng Xianggang huílai, shi ma?</span></p>
    4664. 

  4664. <p><span class="font12">Bú cuò, wǒ shi zuotiān huilaide.</span></p>
    4665. 

  4665. <p><span class="font12">Here are more examples of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú cuò</span><span class="font12">:</span></p>
    4666. 

  4666. <p><span class="font12">Nèige fànguānzide cài zhēn bú cuò.</span></p>
    4667. 

  4667. <p><span class="font12">Tā shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde bú cuò.</span></p>
    4668. 

  4668. <p><span class="font12">In the first example, notice that an</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4669. 

  4669. <p><span class="font12">Mr. Li, you Just got back from Hong Kong, didn’t you?</span></p>
    4670. 

  4670. <p><span class="font12">That’s right. I got back yesterday.</span></p>
    4671. 

  4671. <p><span class="font12">That restaurant really has pretty good food.</span></p>
    4672. 

  4672. <p><span class="font12">He speaks Chinese pretty well.</span></p>
    4673. 

  4673. <p><span class="font12">adverb precedes </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú cuò</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhēn bú cuò</span></p></td></tr>
    4674. 

  4674. </table>
    4675. 

  4675. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pài dào...lái</span><span class="font12"> is a three-part verb: action verb (also expressing MOTION), prepositional verb (must take an object), and directional verb (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái, qù</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    4676. 

  4676. <p><span class="font12">ACTION PREPOSITIONAL &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DIRECTIONAL</span></p>
    4677. 

  4677. <p><span class="font12">VERB &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VERB &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OBJECT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VERB</span></p>
    4678. 

  4678. <div>
    4679. 

  4679. <table border="1">
    4680. 

  4680. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4681. 

  4681. <p><span class="font12">pāo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4682. 

  4682. <p><span class="font12">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4683. 

  4683. <p><span class="font12">shānshang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4684. 

  4684. <p><span class="font12">qù</span></p></td></tr>
    4685. 

  4685. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4686. 

  4686. <p><span class="font12">ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4687. 

  4687. <p><span class="font12">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4688. 

  4688. <p><span class="font12">zhèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4689. 

  4689. <p><span class="font12">lái</span></p></td></tr>
    4690. 

  4690. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4691. 

  4691. <p><span class="font12">ná</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4692. 

  4692. <p><span class="font12">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4693. 

  4693. <p><span class="font12">xuéxiào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4694. 

  4694. <p><span class="font12">qù</span></p></td></tr>
    4695. 

  4695. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4696. 

  4696. <p><span class="font12">zōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4697. 

  4697. <p><span class="font12">dào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4698. 

  4698. <p><span class="font12">hōubianr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4699. 

  4699. <p><span class="font12">lái</span></p></td></tr>
    4700. 

  4700. </table>
    4701. 

  4701. </div><br clear="all">
    4702. 

  4702. <div>
    4703. 

  4703. <p><span class="font12">to run up on the hill”</span></p>
    4704. 

  4704. <p><span class="font12">to move it into here”</span></p>
    4705. 

  4705. <p><span class="font12">to take it to school”</span></p>
    4706. 

  4706. <p><span class="font12">to walk to the back”</span></p>
    4707. 

  4707. </div><br clear="all">
    4708. 

  4708. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme</span><span class="font12">, ’’why,&quot; ”how come,” ”how is it that...,”<a name="footnote9"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark132">9</a></sup> is a more colloquial and challenging word for ’’why” than </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishenme</span><span class="font12">. Only a reason or an explanation is requested by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèishénme</span><span class="font12">. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zěnme</span><span class="font12"> expresses more, emphasizing the speaker’s surprise or lack of understanding.</span></p>
    4709. 

  4709. <p><span class="font12">Nimende bàngōngshì zěnme How is it that your office is so zènme xiǎo? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;small?</span></p>
    4710. 

  4710. <div>
    4711. 

  4711. <p><span class="font12">Tā fùmǔ dōu shuō Zhōngguo huà, tā zěnme bú huì shuō?</span></p>
    4712. 

  4712. <p><span class="font12">Zènme yàojìnde shi, wō zěnme wàngle zuò le?</span></p>
    4713. 

  4713. <p><span class="font12">Nì zěnme bú niàn shū ne?</span></p>
    4714. 

  4714. <p><span class="font12">Nì zěnme bù shuō huà? You shénme bù gāoxìngde shi ma?</span></p>
    4715. 

  4715. </div><br clear="all">
    4716. 

  4716. <p><span class="font12">Both his parents speak Chinese. How is it that he can’t?</span></p>
    4717. 

  4717. <p><span class="font12">How could I have forgotten to do such an important thing?</span></p>
    4718. 

  4718. <p><span class="font12">How come you’re not studying?</span></p>
    4719. 

  4719. <p><span class="font12">How come you’re not saying anything? Is there something you are unhappy about ?</span></p>
    4720. 

  4720. <p><span class="font12">The meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zěnme</span><span class="font12"> is sometimes affected by the aspect marker used:</span></p>
    4721. 

  4721. <p><span class="font12">Ni zěnme lái le? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;How come you are here? (i.e.,</span></p>
    4722. 

  4722. <p><span class="font12">’’What are you doing here?”)</span></p>
    4723. 

  4723. <div>
    4724. 

  4724. <p><span class="font12">Nì (shi) zěnme láide?</span></p>
    4725. 

  4725. </div><br clear="all">
    4726. 

  4726. <p><span class="font12">How did you get here? (i.e., by what means of transportation)</span></p>
    4727. 

  4727. <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
    4728. 

  4728. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rènshi</span><span class="font12"> the state verb means ”to know” in the sense of ”to be acquainted with,” &quot;to be familiar with,” ”to recognize.” As an action verb, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span></p>
    4729. 

  4729. </div><br clear="all">
    4730. 

  4730. <div>
    4731. 

  4731. <p><span class="font12">means to meet, to get acquainted</span></p>
    4732. 

  4732. <p><span class="font12">(STATE VERB)</span></p>
    4733. 

  4733. <p><span class="font12">Nī rènshi Zhāng Guóquán ma?</span></p>
    4734. 

  4734. <p><span class="font12">Nī rènshi ta ma?</span></p>
    4735. 

  4735. <p><span class="font12">Women bú tài rènshi.</span></p>
    4736. 

  4736. <p><span class="font12">Women qùnián hai bú rènshi.</span></p>
    4737. 

  4737. <p><span class="font12">(ACTION VERB)</span></p>
    4738. 

  4738. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zài Měiguode shíhou, rènshile hen duō Měiguo niánqīng rén.<a name="footnote10"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark133">10</a></sup></span></p>
    4739. 

  4739. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ shi qiánnián rènshi tade.</span></p>
    4740. 

  4740. <p><span class="font12">Nèige shíhou women hai méi rènshi.</span></p>
    4741. 

  4741. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yige hen hāode rén, nī yīnggāi rènshi renshi.<a name="footnote11"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark134">11</a></sup></span></p>
    4742. 

  4742. </div><br clear="all">
    4743. 

  4743. <p><span class="font12">with.”</span></p>
    4744. 

  4744. <p><span class="font12">Do you know Zhāng Guóquán?</span></p>
    4745. 

  4745. <p><span class="font12">Do you know him?</span></p>
    4746. 

  4746. <p><span class="font12">We are not too well acquainted.</span></p>
    4747. 

  4747. <p><span class="font12">We did not know each other yet last year.</span></p>
    4748. 

  4748. <p><span class="font12">When I was in America, I met a lot of young Americans.</span></p>
    4749. 

  4749. <p><span class="font12">I met him the year before last.</span></p>
    4750. 

  4750. <p><span class="font12">At that time we had not yet met.</span></p>
    4751. 

  4751. <p><span class="font12">He is a very good person; you should get to know him.</span></p>
    4752. 

  4752. <p><span class="font12">As a state verb, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12"> is used for &quot;knowing” or &quot;recognizing&quot; Chinese characters.</span></p>
    4753. 

  4753. <p><span class="font12">Nī rènshi duōshǎoge Zhōngguo How many Chinese characters do you zì? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;know/recognize?</span></p>
    4754. 

  4754. <p><span class="font12">Nī rènshi zhèige zì ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you recognize this character?</span></p>
    4755. 

  4755. <p><span class="font12">Contrast the meanings of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdào</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to know&quot; a person; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdào</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to know of&quot; a person</span></p>
    4756. 

  4756. <p><span class="font12">Nī </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12"> Tang Xiǎojiě ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">know</span><span class="font12"> Miss Tang?</span></p>
    4757. 

  4757. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdào</span><span class="font12"> ta, dànshi women &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">know of</span><span class="font12"> her, but we haven’t met.</span></p>
    4758. 

  4758. <p><span class="font12">méi Jiànguo.</span></p>
    4759. 

  4759. <p><span class="font12">When a place is being discussed, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to know how to get LthereJ.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhīdào</span><span class="font12"> continues to mean &quot;to know of La place].&quot;</span></p>
    4760. 

  4760. <p><span class="font12">Nī </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12"> nèige diànyīngyuàn Do you </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">know how to get to</span><span class="font12"> that movie ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;theater?</span></p>
    4761. 

  4761. <p><span class="font12">Nī </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhīdào</span><span class="font12"> nèige diànyīngyuàn Do you </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">know of</span><span class="font12"> that movie theater? ma?</span></p>
    4762. 

  4762. <div>
    4763. 

  4763. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Bú rènshi.</span></p>
    4764. 

  4764. <p><span class="font12">A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suéyi xiǎng qīng ni gěi wo jièshao Jièshao.</span></p>
    4765. 

  4765. </div><br clear="all">
    4766. 

  4766. <div>
    4767. 

  4767. <p><span class="font12">I don’t know him.</span></p>
    4768. 

  4768. <p><span class="font12">However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him.</span></p>
    4769. 

  4769. </div><br clear="all">
    4770. 

  4770. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 5</span></p>
    4771. 

  4771. <div>
    4772. 

  4772. <p><span class="font12">the University of California&quot;: type of school may stand such as</span></p>
    4773. 

  4773. </div><br clear="all">
    4774. 

  4774. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;graduated from The name of a school or a word describing the in front of the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bìyè</span><span class="font12"> with no preceding prepositional verb, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">céng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;from.&quot;</span></p>
    4775. 

  4775. <div>
    4776. 

  4776. <p><span class="font12">Nī érzi yījīng dàxué/zhōng-xué/xiǎoxué bìyè le ma?</span></p>
    4777. 

  4777. <p><span class="font12">Tā dàxué hái méi bìyè ne.</span></p>
    4778. 

  4778. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
    4779. 

  4779. </div><br clear="all">
    4780. 

  4780. <p><span class="font12">Has your son graduated from college/ high school/elementary school already?</span></p>
    4781. 

  4781. <p><span class="font12">He has not graduated from college yet</span></p>
    4782. 

  4782. <p><span class="font12">He graduated from Taiwan University.</span></p>
    4783. 

  4783. <div>
    4784. 

  4784. <p><span class="font12">at,&quot; or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">céng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;from.&quot;</span></p>
    4785. 

  4785. <p><span class="font12">What high school did you graduate from?</span></p>
    4786. 

  4786. <p><span class="font12">I graduated last year from the University of Texas.</span></p>
    4787. 

  4787. <p><span class="font12">I graduated from Běijīng University in ’78.</span></p>
    4788. 

  4788. </div><br clear="all">
    4789. 

  4789. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bìyè</span><span class="font12"> may also be preceded by either </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zài</span><span class="font12">,</span></p>
    4790. 

  4790. <p><span class="font12">Nī shi zài neige zhōngxué bìyède?</span></p>
    4791. 

  4791. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ qùnián céng Dézhōu Dàxué bìyè le.</span></p>
    4792. 

  4792. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ shi qībānián céng Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
    4793. 

  4793. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bìyè</span><span class="font12">, meaning &quot;to complete a course of study,&quot; is a compound made up of a verb plus a general object. For this reason, the object yè may be separated from the verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bì</span><span class="font12">. This separation occurs most frequently in sentences containing the </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi... de</span><span class="font12"> construction.</span></p>
    4794. 

  4794. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yīJiǔqīliànián bide yè. He graduated in 1976.</span></p>
    4795. 

  4795. <p><span class="font12">6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan...hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu.</span></p>
    4796. 

  4796. <div>
    4797. 

  4797. <p><span class="font12">No problem. I’ll take a look</span></p>
    4798. 

  4798. <p><span class="font12">Okay, we are both free now.</span></p>
    4799. 

  4799. <p><span class="font12">Can you come now?</span></p>
    4800. 

  4800. </div><br clear="all">
    4801. 

  4801. <p><span class="font12">B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma?</span></p>
    4802. 

  4802. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Note on No. 6</span></p>
    4803. 

  4803. <p><span class="font12">The noun </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèntí</span><span class="font12"> can mean &quot;question,&quot; &quot;problem,&quot; or &quot;difficulty.&quot; Tā wènle hǎoduō wèntí. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He asked a lot of questions.</span></p>
    4804. 

  4804. <p><span class="font12">Nà shi yige hěn dàde wèntí. That’s a hig problem.</span></p>
    4805. 

  4805. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nì yǒu wèntí ma?</span><span class="font12"> could mean either ”Do you have any questions?” or ’’Are you having any problems?”</span></p>
    4806. 

  4806. <p><span class="font12">7. A: Xíng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That will be fine.</span></p>
    4807. 

  4807. <p><span class="font12">A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì I’ll come to your office right away, lái.</span></p>
    4808. 

  4808. <p><span class="font12">A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu jiù I’ll be there in about half an hour, dào.</span></p>
    4809. 

  4809. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 7</span></p>
    4810. 

  4810. <p><span class="font12">The adverb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mashàng</span><span class="font12"> (literally, ”on horseback”) means &quot;immediately,” &quot;right away.&quot;</span></p>
    4811. 

  4811. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chàbuduō</span><span class="font12"> may be translated fairly literally as &quot;does not differ much.&quot; Other translations are &quot;about,” &quot;approximately,&quot; &quot;almost.&quot;</span></p>
    4812. 

  4812. <table border="1">
    4813. 

  4813. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4814. 

  4814. <p><span class="font12">Chàbuduō bādiǎn le.</span></p>
    4815. 

  4815. <p><span class="font12">Zhèběn shū wǒ chàbuduō kànwán le.</span></p>
    4816. 

  4816. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen chàbuduō bādiSn zhōng lái.</span></p>
    4817. 

  4817. <p><span class="font12">Nàge xuexiào yǒu chàbuduō sānbǎige xuésheng.</span></p>
    4818. 

  4818. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4819. 

  4819. <p><span class="font12">8. Jìde</span></p></li>
    4820. 

  4820. <li>
    4821. 

  4821. <p><span class="font12">9. rènde</span></p></li>
    4822. 

  4822. <li>
    4823. 

  4823. <p><span class="font12">10. rènshi zì</span></p></li>
    4824. 

  4824. <li>
    4825. 

  4825. <p><span class="font12">11. wàng</span></p></li>
    4826. 

  4826. <li>
    4827. 

  4827. <p><span class="font12">12. wánquán</span></p></li>
    4828. 

  4828. <li>
    4829. 

  4829. <p><span class="font12">13. xiāngqilai</span></p></li></ul>
    4830. 

  4830. <p><span class="font12">1U. zuǒyōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4831. 

  4831. <p><span class="font12">It is nearly eight o’clock.</span></p>
    4832. 

  4832. <p><span class="font12">I have almost finished reading this book.</span></p>
    4833. 

  4833. <p><span class="font12">They are coming at around eight o’clock.</span></p>
    4834. 

  4834. <p><span class="font12">That school has approximately three hundred students.</span></p>
    4835. 

  4835. <p><span class="font12">to remember</span></p>
    4836. 

  4836. <p><span class="font12">to recognize, to know (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi)</span></p>
    4837. 

  4837. <p><span class="font12">to know how to read (literally, &quot;to recognize characters&quot;)</span></p>
    4838. 

  4838. <p><span class="font12">to forget (alternate word for </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàngji</span><span class="font12">, especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)</span></p>
    4839. 

  4839. <p><span class="font12">completely</span></p>
    4840. 

  4840. <p><span class="font12">to think of, to remember</span></p>
    4841. 

  4841. <p><span class="font12">approximat ely</span></p></td></tr>
    4842. 

  4842. </table>
    4843. 

  4843. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
    4844. 

  4844. <div>
    4845. 

  4845. <p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jìde</span><span class="font12">, ”to remember,” acts</span></p>
    4846. 

  4846. <p><span class="font12">Ni Jide Wáng Xiao Ming ma?</span></p>
    4847. 

  4847. <p><span class="font12">Jìde. Tā shi wǒ àiren dàxuéde tóngxué.</span></p>
    4848. 

  4848. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zuótiān bú Jìde tā xing shénme. Jīntiān you xiǎngqilai le.</span></p>
    4849. 

  4849. </div><br clear="all">
    4850. 

  4850. <div>
    4851. 

  4851. <p><span class="font12">like a state verb.</span></p>
    4852. 

  4852. <p><span class="font12">Do you remember Wáng Xiao Ming?</span></p>
    4853. 

  4853. <p><span class="font12">I remember (him). He is my spouse’s college classmate.</span></p>
    4854. 

  4854. <p><span class="font12">Yesterday I couldn’t remember what his name is. Today I remembered it (again).</span></p>
    4855. 

  4855. </div><br clear="all">
    4856. 

  4856. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Rende</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to recognize,&quot; &quot;to know,&quot; is usually interchangeable with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    4857. 

  4857. <p><span class="font12">Both </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rènshi</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">rende</span><span class="font12"> are most often made negative with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    4858. 

  4858. <p><span class="font12">Nī rende ta ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do you know him?</span></p>
    4859. 

  4859. <p><span class="font12">Bú rende. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No.</span></p>
    4860. 

  4860. <p><span class="font12">Tā lù yě bú rende. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He doesn’t even know the way.</span></p>
    4861. 

  4861. <p><span class="font12">Women qùnián hái bú rénde. We did not know each other last year.</span></p>
    4862. 

  4862. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wàng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to forget,&quot; is an action verb.</span></p>
    4863. 

  4863. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ hen róngyi bǎ rén míngzi I forget people’s names very easily, wàng le.</span></p>
    4864. 

  4864. <p><span class="font12">Nimen dōu bǎ chēpiào nálai Did all of you bring your bus tickets? le ma?</span></p>
    4865. 

  4865. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ wàng le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I forgot (mine).</span></p>
    4866. 

  4866. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ méi wàng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I didn’t forget.</span></p>
    4867. 

  4867. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wánquán</span><span class="font12">, &quot;completely,&quot; is an adverb used to modify verbs.</span></p>
    4868. 

  4868. <p><span class="font12">Tā xiěde zì wánquán duì. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The character he wrote is completely</span></p>
    4869. 

  4869. <p><span class="font12">right.</span></p>
    4870. 

  4870. <p><span class="font12">Tā wánquán bù dong. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;He doesn’t understand any part of</span></p>
    4871. 

  4871. <p><span class="font12">this.</span></p>
    4872. 

  4872. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ wánquán bù zhīdào zhèijiàn I don’t know anything about this shi. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;matter.</span></p>
    4873. 

  4873. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎngqilai</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to think of,&quot; &quot;to remember,&quot; is a compound verb of result. It is made up of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to think&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qī</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to rise&quot;; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lái</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to come.&quot;<a name="footnote12"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark135">12</a></sup> As an ending showing result, -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qīlái</span><span class="font12"> may have either its literal meaning of &quot;to come up&quot; or more abstract meanings such as &quot;to come to mind.&quot;<a name="footnote13"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark136">13</a></sup></span></p>
    4874. 

  4874. <div>
    4875. 

  4875. <p><span class="font12">Qǐng bǎ yīzi bānqilai.</span></p>
    4876. 

  4876. <p><span class="font12">Qīng nimen zhànqilai.</span></p>
    4877. 

  4877. <p><span class="font12">Nèige zì wo xiǎngqilai le.</span></p>
    4878. 

  4878. </div><br clear="all">
    4879. 

  4879. <div>
    4880. 

  4880. <p><span class="font12">Please lift up the chair.</span></p>
    4881. 

  4881. <p><span class="font12">Please stand up.</span></p>
    4882. 

  4882. <p><span class="font12">I remember that character.</span></p>
    4883. 

  4883. </div><br clear="all">
    4884. 

  4884. <div>
    4885. 

  4885. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zuǒyòu</span><span class="font12"> (literally, &quot;left-right”) Wǒ wǔdiǎn zuǒyòu lai jiē ni.</span></p>
    4886. 

  4886. <p><span class="font12">Nī qù mǎi diǎnr píngguǒ, hǎo bu hǎo?</span></p>
    4887. 

  4887. <p><span class="font12">Yào duōshǎo?</span></p>
    4888. 

  4888. <p><span class="font12">Sānjīn zuǒyòu jiù gòu le.</span></p>
    4889. 

  4889. </div><br clear="all">
    4890. 

  4890. <p><span class="font12">means &quot;approximately,” &quot;about.&quot;</span></p>
    4891. 

  4891. <p><span class="font12">I will come to get you about five o’clock.</span></p>
    4892. 

  4892. <p><span class="font12">How about going to buy some apples?</span></p>
    4893. 

  4893. <p><span class="font12">How many do you want?</span></p>
    4894. 

  4894. <p><span class="font12">About three catties should be enough</span></p>
    4895. 

  4895. <h6><a name="bookmark72"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark137"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
    4896. 

  4896. <p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
    4897. 

  4897. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4898. 

  4898. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p></li></ul>
    4899. 

  4899. <p><span class="font12">(I have something I would like to ask you about.)</span></p>
    4900. 

  4900. <p><span class="font12">OR Nèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p>
    4901. 

  4901. <p><span class="font12">(I would like to ask you about that matter.)</span></p>
    4902. 

  4902. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4903. 

  4903. <p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ yǒu hěn duō shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p></li>
    4904. 

  4904. <li>
    4905. 

  4905. <p><span class="font12">3. Zhèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p></li></ul>
    4906. 

  4906. <p><span class="font12">U. Tāde shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p>
    4907. 

  4907. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ you jijiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p>
    4908. 

  4908. <p><span class="font12">6. Nide nèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.</span></p>
    4909. 

  4909. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">; Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting yíjiàn shi.</span></p>
    4910. 

  4910. <p><span class="font12">(l would like to ask you something. )</span></p>
    4911. 

  4911. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nèijiàn shi.</span></p>
    4912. 

  4912. <p><span class="font12">(I would like to ask you about that matter.)</span></p>
    4913. 

  4913. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hěn duō shi</span></p>
    4914. 

  4914. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting zhèi' jiàn shi.</span></p>
    4915. 

  4915. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting tāde shi.</span></p>
    4916. 

  4916. <p><span class="font12">Wo xiǎng gēn nín dǎting jijiàn shi.</span></p>
    4917. 

  4917. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nide nèijiàn shi.</span></p>
    4918. 

  4918. <p><span class="font12">B. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
    4919. 

  4919. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4920. 

  4920. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng le.</span></p></li></ul>
    4921. 

  4921. <p><span class="font12">(I have forgotten his given name.)</span></p>
    4922. 

  4922. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4923. 

  4923. <p><span class="font12">2. Tāde dìzhì wǒ wàngJi le.</span></p></li>
    4924. 

  4924. <li>
    4925. 

  4925. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā shénme shíhou lai wǒ wàng le.</span></p></li></ul>
    4926. 

  4926. <p><span class="font12">It. Nèibān fēijī jldiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le.</span></p>
    4927. 

  4927. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tāde míngzi wo wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?</span></p>
    4928. 

  4928. <p><span class="font12">(I have forgotten his given name. Do you remember it?)</span></p>
    4929. 

  4929. <p><span class="font12">Tāde dìzhì wǒ wàngji le, ni hai jìde ma?</span></p>
    4930. 

  4930. <p><span class="font12">Tā shénme shíhou lái wǒ wàng le, nì. hai jìde ma?</span></p>
    4931. 

  4931. <p><span class="font12">Nèibān fēijī jldiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le, ni hái Jìde ma?</span></p>
    4932. 

  4932. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4933. 

  4933. <p><span class="font12">5. Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde wō wàng le.</span></p></li>
    4934. 

  4934. <li>
    4935. 

  4935. <p><span class="font12">6. Women zài náli huàn chē wō wàngji le.</span></p></li>
    4936. 

  4936. <li>
    4937. 

  4937. <p><span class="font12">7. Yínháng Jīdiǎn zhōng guān mén wō wàng le.</span></p></li></ul>
    4938. 

  4938. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde wō wàng le, ni hái Jide ma?</span></p>
    4939. 

  4939. <p><span class="font12">Wōmen zài náli huàn chē wō wàngji le, ni hái Jide ma?</span></p>
    4940. 

  4940. <p><span class="font12">Yínháng jīdiǎn zhōng guān mén wō wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?</span></p>
    4941. 

  4941. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4942. 

  4942. <p><span class="font12">C.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    4943. 

  4943. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4944. 

  4944. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàilaide.</span></p></li></ul>
    4945. 

  4945. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) zhèli</span></p>
    4946. 

  4946. <p><span class="font12">(I have heard he was Just sent over.)</span></p>
    4947. 

  4947. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4948. 

  4948. <p><span class="font12">2. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. nàli</span></p></li>
    4949. 

  4949. <li>
    4950. 

  4950. <p><span class="font12">3. Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pàilaide. Táihěi</span></p></li></ul>
    4951. 

  4951. <p><span class="font12">U. Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pàiqude. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Táinán</span></p>
    4952. 

  4952. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4953. 

  4953. <p><span class="font12">5. Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pàilaide . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Táizhōng</span></p></li>
    4954. 

  4954. <li>
    4955. 

  4955. <p><span class="font12">6. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude.</span></p></li></ul>
    4956. 

  4956. <p><span class="font12">Gāoxiōng</span></p>
    4957. 

  4957. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4958. 

  4958. <p><span class="font12">7. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pàilaide. zhèli</span></p></li></ul>
    4959. 

  4959. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide.</span></p>
    4960. 

  4960. <p><span class="font12">(I have heard he was Just sent over here.)</span></p>
    4961. 

  4961. <p><span class="font12">Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào nàli qùde.</span></p>
    4962. 

  4962. <p><span class="font12">Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pài dào Táihěi láide.</span></p>
    4963. 

  4963. <p><span class="font12">Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pài dào Táinán qùde.</span></p>
    4964. 

  4964. <p><span class="font12">Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pài dào Táizhōng láide.</span></p>
    4965. 

  4965. <p><span class="font12">Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào Gāoxiōng qùde.</span></p>
    4966. 

  4966. <p><span class="font12">Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide.</span></p>
    4967. 

  4967. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4968. 

  4968. <p><span class="font12">D.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    4969. 

  4969. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4970. 

  4970. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā shi yījiǔsìwǔnián Jiāzhōu bìyède. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dàxué bìyède.</span></p></li></ul>
    4971. 

  4971. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) yījiǔsìwǔnián &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(In 19^5 he graduated from the</span></p>
    4972. 

  4972. <p><span class="font12">(He graduated from the &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;University of California.)</span></p>
    4973. 

  4973. <p><span class="font12">University of California. )</span></p>
    4974. 

  4974. <div>
    4975. 

  4975. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔwǔliùnián</span></p>
    4976. 

  4976. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā shi Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔliùqīnián</span></p>
    4977. 

  4977. <p><span class="font12">U. Tā shi Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīJ iǔliùèrnián</span></p>
    4978. 

  4978. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4979. 

  4979. <p><span class="font12">5. Tā shi Běijīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsìqīnián</span></p></li>
    4980. 

  4980. <li>
    4981. 

  4981. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā shi Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānlíngnián</span></p></li>
    4982. 

  4982. <li>
    4983. 

  4983. <p><span class="font12">7. Tā shi Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānqīnián</span></p></li></ul>
    4984. 

  4984. </div><br clear="all">
    4985. 

  4985. <div>
    4986. 

  4986. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yījiǔwǔliùnián Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
    4987. 

  4987. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yījiǔliùqīnián Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
    4988. 

  4988. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yījiǔliùèrnián Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
    4989. 

  4989. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yījiǔsìqīnián Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
    4990. 

  4990. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yījiǔsānlíngnián Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
    4991. 

  4991. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yījiǔsānqīnián Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède.</span></p>
    4992. 

  4992. </div><br clear="all">
    4993. 

  4993. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4994. 

  4994. <p><span class="font12">E.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Expansion Drill</span></p>
    4995. 

  4995. <div>
    4996. 

  4996. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4997. 

  4997. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì.</span></p></li></ul>
    4998. 

  4998. <p><span class="font12">(I have seen this character before.)</span></p>
    4999. 

  4999. <p><span class="font12">OR Wǒ zhīdào tā shi shéi. (I know who he is.)</span></p>
    5000. 

  5000. </div><br clear="all">
    5001. 

  5001. <div>
    5002. 

  5002. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5003. 

  5003. <p><span class="font12">2. Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě.</span></p></li>
    5004. 

  5004. <li>
    5005. 

  5005. <p><span class="font12">3. Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang.</span></p></li>
    5006. 

  5006. <li>
    5007. 

  5007. <p><span class="font12">4. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi LĪ Kēzhǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
    5008. 

  5008. </div><br clear="all">
    5009. 

  5009. <div>
    5010. 

  5010. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi zhèige zì.</span></p>
    5011. 

  5011. <p><span class="font12">(I have seen this character before, but I don’t recognize it.)</span></p>
    5012. 

  5012. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zhīdào tā shi shéi, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.</span></p>
    5013. 

  5013. <p><span class="font12">(I know who he is, but I’m not acquainted with him.)</span></p>
    5014. 

  5014. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi Zhāng Xiǎojiě.</span></p>
    5015. 

  5015. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi nèige dìfang.</span></p>
    5016. 

  5016. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zhīdào tā shi Lī Kēzhǎng, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi Lī Kēzhǎng.</span></p>
    5017. 

  5017. </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
    5018. 

  5018. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5019. 

  5019. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ kànjianguo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wǒ kànjianguo, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi.</span></p></li>
    5020. 

  5020. <li>
    5021. 

  5021. <p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ zhīdao tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde Wǒ zhidao tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde gēge, gēge. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.</span></p></li></ul>
    5022. 

  5022. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5023. 

  5023. <p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    5024. 

  5024. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5025. 

  5025. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">; Chàbuduō bànge zhōng-tǒu jiù dào.</span></p></li></ul>
    5026. 

  5026. <p><span class="font12">(I’ll be there in about half an hour.)</span></p>
    5027. 

  5027. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5028. 

  5028. <p><span class="font12">2. Chàbuduō yào yíge zhōngtǒu.</span></p></li>
    5029. 

  5029. <li>
    5030. 

  5030. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā zhùle chàbuduō sāntiān.</span></p></li></ul>
    5031. 

  5031. <p><span class="font12">U. Tā chàbuduō wǔshísuì le.</span></p>
    5032. 

  5032. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5033. 

  5033. <p><span class="font12">5. Nèiběn shū chàbuduō yào shíkuài qián.</span></p></li>
    5034. 

  5034. <li>
    5035. 

  5035. <p><span class="font12">6. Chàbuduō yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng.</span></p></li>
    5036. 

  5036. <li>
    5037. 

  5037. <p><span class="font12">7. Chàbuduō sānge xingqī.</span></p></li></ul>
    5038. 

  5038. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Bànge zhōngtǒu zuǒyòu jiù dào (i’ll be there in about half an hour.)</span></p>
    5039. 

  5039. <p><span class="font12">Yào yíge zhōngtǒu zuǒyòu.</span></p>
    5040. 

  5040. <p><span class="font12">Tā zhùle sāntiān zuǒyòu.</span></p>
    5041. 

  5041. <p><span class="font12">Tā wǔshísuì zuǒyòu le.</span></p>
    5042. 

  5042. <p><span class="font12">Nèiběn shū yào shíkuài qián zuǒyòu</span></p>
    5043. 

  5043. <p><span class="font12">Yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng zuǒyòu.</span></p>
    5044. 

  5044. <p><span class="font12">Sānge xīngqī zuǒyòu.</span></p>
    5045. 

  5045. <p><span class="font12">G. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Response Drill</span></p>
    5046. 

  5046. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5047. 

  5047. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Ni xiànzài lái ma? (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) mǎshàng</span></p></li></ul>
    5048. 

  5048. <p><span class="font12">(Are you coming now?)</span></p>
    5049. 

  5049. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5050. 

  5050. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō</span></p></li>
    5051. 

  5051. <li>
    5052. 

  5052. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā shídiǎn zhōng qù ma? zuǒyòu</span></p></li></ul>
    5053. 

  5053. <p><span class="font12">U. Nimen xiànzài zǒu ma? mǎshàng</span></p>
    5054. 

  5054. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5055. 

  5055. <p><span class="font12">5. Tāmen báhào qù ma? zuǒyòu</span></p></li>
    5056. 

  5056. <li>
    5057. 

  5057. <p><span class="font12">6. Tāmen Jiúdiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō</span></p></li>
    5058. 

  5058. <li>
    5059. 

  5059. <p><span class="font12">7. Ni shíhào zài Niù Yuē ma? zuǒyòu</span></p></li></ul>
    5060. 

  5060. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Wǒ mǎshàng lǎi.</span></p>
    5061. 

  5061. <p><span class="font12">(I’m coming right away.)</span></p>
    5062. 

  5062. <p><span class="font12">Tā chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lǎi.</span></p>
    5063. 

  5063. <p><span class="font12">Tā shídiǎn zhōng zuǒyòu qù.</span></p>
    5064. 

  5064. <p><span class="font12">Wōmen mǎshàng zǒu.</span></p>
    5065. 

  5065. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen báhào zuǒyòu qù.</span></p>
    5066. 

  5066. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen chàbuduō jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái</span></p>
    5067. 

  5067. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ shíhào zuǒyòu zài Niù Yuē.</span></p>
    5068. 

  5068. <h5><a name="bookmark138"></a><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark139"></a>UNIT 8</span></h5>
    5069. 

  5069. <h6><a name="bookmark73"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark140"></a>REFERENCE LIST</span></h6>
    5070. 

  5070. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5071. 

  5071. <p><span class="font12">1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.</span></p></li></ul>
    5072. 

  5072. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5073. 

  5073. <p><span class="font12">A: Wei, wo shi Láidēng Dàshi-de mishū.</span></p></li></ul>
    5074. 

  5074. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5075. 

  5075. <p><span class="font12">2. A: Dàshī jiēzháo nimende qǐngtiě le.</span></p></li>
    5076. 

  5076. <li>
    5077. 

  5077. <p><span class="font12">3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔ hào bù néng lai.</span></p></li></ul>
    5078. 

  5078. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5079. 

  5079. <p><span class="font12">A: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
    5080. 

  5080. <p><span class="font12">A: Hen bàoqiàn.</span></p>
    5081. 

  5081. <p><span class="font12">U. B: Hen yíhàn, Laidēng Dàshǐ bù néng lái.</span></p>
    5082. 

  5082. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5083. 

  5083. <p><span class="font12">B: Wǒ tì ni zhuangào yíxià.</span></p></li></ul>
    5084. 

  5084. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5085. 

  5085. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women yǒu Jige tongxué Xingqīliù jìhua dào Chángchéng qù wánr.</span></p></li></ul>
    5086. 

  5086. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5087. 

  5087. <p><span class="font12">A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqī qù?</span></p></li></ul>
    5088. 

  5088. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5089. 

  5089. <p><span class="font12">6. B: Zhēn bù qiǎo.</span></p></li></ul>
    5090. 

  5090. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5091. 

  5091. <p><span class="font12">B: Nèitiān women yǒu shì, méi bànfa qù.</span></p></li></ul>
    5092. 

  5092. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5093. 

  5093. <p><span class="font12">T. A: Xiwang yīhòu zài zhao jīhui jùyijù ba.</span></p></li></ul>
    5094. 

  5094. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5095. 

  5095. <p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo a.</span></p></li></ul>
    5096. 

  5096. <p><span class="font12">Hello. This is the Protocol Department.</span></p>
    5097. 

  5097. <p><span class="font12">Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.</span></p>
    5098. 

  5098. <p><span class="font12">The ambassador received your invitation.</span></p>
    5099. 

  5099. <p><span class="font12">Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9.</span></p>
    5100. 

  5100. <p><span class="font12">Please inform Minister Qiáo.</span></p>
    5101. 

  5101. <p><span class="font12">I’m very sorry.</span></p>
    5102. 

  5102. <p><span class="font12">We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come.</span></p>
    5103. 

  5103. <p><span class="font12">I will pass on the message for you.</span></p>
    5104. 

  5104. <p><span class="font12">Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall Saturday for an outing.</span></p>
    5105. 

  5105. <p><span class="font12">Can you go with us?</span></p>
    5106. 

  5106. <p><span class="font12">We really couldn’t make that.</span></p>
    5107. 

  5107. <p><span class="font12">We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going.</span></p>
    5108. 

  5108. <p><span class="font12">I hope that late we will find an other opportunity to get together.</span></p>
    5109. 

  5109. <p><span class="font12">Okay.</span></p>
    5110. 

  5110. <p><span class="font12">ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)</span></p>
    5111. 

  5111. <div>
    5112. 

  5112. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5113. 

  5113. <p><span class="font12">8. dàjiā</span></p></li>
    5114. 

  5114. <li>
    5115. 

  5115. <p><span class="font12">9. jiēdào</span></p></li>
    5116. 

  5116. <li>
    5117. 

  5117. <p><span class="font12">10. tǒngshì</span></p></li>
    5118. 

  5118. <li>
    5119. 

  5119. <p><span class="font12">11. yinggāi</span></p></li></ul>
    5120. 

  5120. </div><br clear="all">
    5121. 

  5121. <p><span class="font12">everybody, everyone</span></p>
    5122. 

  5122. <p><span class="font12">to receive (alternate form of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiēzháo</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    5123. 

  5123. <p><span class="font12">fellow worker, colleague</span></p>
    5124. 

  5124. <p><span class="font12">should, ought to, must</span></p>
    5125. 

  5125. <h6><a name="bookmark74"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark141"></a>VOCABULARY</span></h6>
    5126. 

  5126. <table border="1">
    5127. 

  5127. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5128. 

  5128. <p><span class="font12">ban fa bàoqiàn bùzhǎng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5129. 

  5129. <p><span class="font12">method, way to be sorry minister (of a government organization)</span></p></td></tr>
    5130. 

  5130. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5131. 

  5131. <p><span class="font12">Chángchéng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5132. 

  5132. <p><span class="font12">the Great Wall</span></p></td></tr>
    5133. 

  5133. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5134. 

  5134. <p><span class="font12">dàjiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5135. 

  5135. <p><span class="font12">everybody, everyone</span></p></td></tr>
    5136. 

  5136. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5137. 

  5137. <p><span class="font12">Jiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5138. 

  5138. <p><span class="font12">to receive (mail, messages, guests,</span></p></td></tr>
    5139. 

  5139. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5140. 

  5140. <p><span class="font12">phone calls)</span></p></td></tr>
    5141. 

  5141. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5142. 

  5142. <p><span class="font12">jiēdào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5143. 

  5143. <p><span class="font12">to receive</span></p></td></tr>
    5144. 

  5144. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5145. 

  5145. <p><span class="font12">Jù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5146. 

  5146. <p><span class="font12">to assemble</span></p></td></tr>
    5147. 

  5147. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5148. 

  5148. <p><span class="font12">jùyijù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5149. 

  5149. <p><span class="font12">to get together</span></p></td></tr>
    5150. 

  5150. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5151. 

  5151. <p><span class="font12">kěxl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5152. 

  5152. <p><span class="font12">unfortunately, what a pity</span></p></td></tr>
    5153. 

  5153. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5154. 

  5154. <p><span class="font12">Llbīnsī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5155. 

  5155. <p><span class="font12">Protocol Department (PRC)</span></p></td></tr>
    5156. 

  5156. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5157. 

  5157. <p><span class="font12">méi banfa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5158. 

  5158. <p><span class="font12">there’s no way out, it can’t</span></p></td></tr>
    5159. 

  5159. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5160. 

  5160. <p><span class="font12">be helped</span></p></td></tr>
    5161. 

  5161. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5162. 

  5162. <p><span class="font12">mi shū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5163. 

  5163. <p><span class="font12">secretary, executive assistant</span></p></td></tr>
    5164. 

  5164. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5165. 

  5165. <p><span class="font12">qiǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5166. 

  5166. <p><span class="font12">to be timely, to be opportune</span></p></td></tr>
    5167. 

  5167. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5168. 

  5168. <p><span class="font12">qingtiě (qìngtiē)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5169. 

  5169. <p><span class="font12">written invitation</span></p></td></tr>
    5170. 

  5170. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5171. 

  5171. <p><span class="font12">tì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5172. 

  5172. <p><span class="font12">substituting for, in place of</span></p></td></tr>
    5173. 

  5173. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5174. 

  5174. <p><span class="font12">tóngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5175. 

  5175. <p><span class="font12">fellow worker, colleague</span></p></td></tr>
    5176. 

  5176. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5177. 

  5177. <p><span class="font12">tóngxué</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5178. 

  5178. <p><span class="font12">classmate</span></p></td></tr>
    5179. 

  5179. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5180. 

  5180. <p><span class="font12">yíhàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5181. 

  5181. <p><span class="font12">to regret (that something desirable</span></p></td></tr>
    5182. 

  5182. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5183. 

  5183. <p><span class="font12">will not happen)</span></p></td></tr>
    5184. 

  5184. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5185. 

  5185. <p><span class="font12">yīnggāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5186. 

  5186. <p><span class="font12">should, ought to, must</span></p></td></tr>
    5187. 

  5187. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5188. 

  5188. <p><span class="font12">zhuǎngào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5189. 

  5189. <p><span class="font12">to pass on a message, to inform</span></p></td></tr>
    5190. 

  5190. </table>
    5191. 

  5191. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">introduced on C-2 tape</span><span class="font12">)</span></p>
    5192. 

  5192. <table border="1">
    5193. 

  5193. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5194. 

  5194. <p><span class="font12">cānjiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5195. 

  5195. <p><span class="font12">to participate in, to join, to attend</span></p></td></tr>
    5196. 

  5196. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5197. 

  5197. <p><span class="font12">dào xi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5198. 

  5198. <p><span class="font12">to congratulate</span></p></td></tr>
    5199. 

  5199. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5200. 

  5200. <p><span class="font12">dìèrtiān</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5201. 

  5201. <p><span class="font12">the next day</span></p></td></tr>
    5202. 

  5202. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5203. 

  5203. <p><span class="font12">Jīngj ibù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5204. 

  5204. <p><span class="font12">Ministry of Economics</span></p></td></tr>
    5205. 

  5205. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5206. 

  5206. <p><span class="font12">jūnshì yǎnxí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5207. 

  5207. <p><span class="font12">military maneuvers</span></p></td></tr>
    5208. 

  5208. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5209. 

  5209. <p><span class="font12">láodōng mófàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5210. 

  5210. <p><span class="font12">model worker</span></p></td></tr>
    5211. 

  5211. </table>
    5212. 

  5212. <table border="1">
    5213. 

  5213. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5214. 

  5214. <p><span class="font12">nánbù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5215. 

  5215. <p><span class="font12">the southern part (of the island), the south</span></p></td></tr>
    5216. 

  5216. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5217. 

  5217. <p><span class="font12">shàngxiào</span></p>
    5218. 

  5218. <p><span class="font12">tīngdechūlái</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5219. 

  5219. <p><span class="font12">colonel</span></p>
    5220. 

  5220. <p><span class="font12">to be able to recognize what something is from the sound</span></p></td></tr>
    5221. 

  5221. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5222. 

  5222. <p><span class="font12">tóngxuéhuì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5223. 

  5223. <p><span class="font12">alumni association (literally, &quot;fellow-student group&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5224. 

  5224. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5225. 

  5225. <p><span class="font12">tōngzhī</span></p>
    5226. 

  5226. <p><span class="font12">xièxie tāde yāoqing zhèngzhi xuéxí zhuchí jiéhūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5227. 

  5227. <p><span class="font12">(written) announcement, notification to thank him for his invitation political study session</span></p>
    5228. 

  5228. <p><span class="font12">to preside at a marriage ceremony (i.e., to give the bride away)</span></p></td></tr>
    5229. 

  5229. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5230. 

  5230. <p><span class="font12">zǒng jīnglī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5231. 

  5231. <p><span class="font12">general manager (chief executive officer)</span></p></td></tr>
    5232. 

  5232. </table>
    5233. 

  5233. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">(introduced in Communication Game)</span></p>
    5234. 

  5234. <table border="1">
    5235. 

  5235. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5236. 

  5236. <p><span class="font12">dàngāo qìsi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5237. 

  5237. <p><span class="font12">cake</span></p>
    5238. 

  5238. <p><span class="font12">cheese</span></p></td></tr>
    5239. 

  5239. </table>
    5240. 

  5240. <h6><a name="bookmark75"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark142"></a>REFERENCE NOTES</span></h6>
    5241. 

  5241. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5242. 

  5242. <p><span class="font12">1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello. This is the Protocol Department.</span></p></li></ul>
    5243. 

  5243. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5244. 

  5244. <p><span class="font12">A: Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s</span></p></li></ul>
    5245. 

  5245. <p><span class="font12">mishū. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;secretary.</span></p>
    5246. 

  5246. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 1</span></p>
    5247. 

  5247. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Lǐbīnsī</span><span class="font12">, meaning &quot;protocol department,&quot; is made up of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǐ,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;ceremony&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bin,</span><span class="font12"> &quot;honored guests&quot;; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">sī</span><span class="font12">, &quot;department.&quot;</span></p>
    5248. 

  5248. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Mishū</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;secretary&quot; in two senses: 1) a high-ranking official 2) a clerk-typist.</span></p>
    5249. 

  5249. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5250. 

  5250. <p><span class="font12">2. A: Dàshǐ Jiēzháo nǐmende qǐngtiě le.</span></p></li></ul>
    5251. 

  5251. <p><span class="font12">The ambassador received your invitation.</span></p>
    5252. 

  5252. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 2</span></p>
    5253. 

  5253. <p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiē</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to receive,&quot; may be used for receiving guests, mail, messages, and phone calls.</span></p>
    5254. 

  5254. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiēzháo</span><span class="font12"> (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">jiēdao</span><span class="font12">), &quot;to receive,&quot; is a compound verb of result. The endings -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zháo</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">-dào</span><span class="font12"> mean approximately the same thing: &quot;to successfully obtain something&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiēzháo</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Jiēdao</span><span class="font12"> occur in four ways: with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">le</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">mei</span><span class="font12"> (describing ACTUAL situations) and with -de- or -bu- (describing POTENTIAL situations)</span></p>
    5255. 

  5255. <table border="1">
    5256. 

  5256. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5257. 

  5257. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ zuótiān qù huǒchēzhàn Jiē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5258. 

  5258. <p><span class="font12">Yesterday I went to the train station</span></p></td></tr>
    5259. 

  5259. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5260. 

  5260. <p><span class="font12">ta, kěshi méi Jiēzháo/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5261. 

  5261. <p><span class="font12">to get him, but I missed him.</span></p></td></tr>
    5262. 

  5262. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5263. 

  5263. <p><span class="font12">Jiēdào.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    5264. 

  5264. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5265. 

  5265. <p><span class="font12">Nǐ zǎo yìdiǎnr qù Jiē ta,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5266. 

  5266. <p><span class="font12">If you go a little earlier, (then)</span></p></td></tr>
    5267. 

  5267. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5268. 

  5268. <p><span class="font12">Jiù Jiēdezháo/Jiēdedào.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5269. 

  5269. <p><span class="font12">you can get him.</span></p></td></tr>
    5270. 

  5270. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5271. 

  5271. <p><span class="font12">Míngtiān yàoshi láiwǎnle</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5272. 

  5272. <p><span class="font12">If I am late tomorrow, (then) I won’t</span></p></td></tr>
    5273. 

  5273. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5274. 

  5274. <p><span class="font12">Jiù Jiēbuzháo/Jiēbudào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5275. 

  5275. <p><span class="font12">(be able to) receive his phone call.</span></p></td></tr>
    5276. 

  5276. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5277. 

  5277. <p><span class="font12">tāde diànhuà.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    5278. 

  5278. </table>
    5279. 

  5279. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qingtiě</span><span class="font12"> refers to a written invitation. The word is also pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qǐngtiě</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    5280. 

  5280. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5281. 

  5281. <p><span class="font12">3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè Jiǔhào &quot;bù néng lái.</span></p>
    5282. 

  5282. <div>
    5283. 

  5283. <p><span class="font12">Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on August 9-</span></p>
    5284. 

  5284. <p><span class="font12">Please inform Minister Qiáo.</span></p>
    5285. 

  5285. <p><span class="font12">I’m very sorry.</span></p>
    5286. 

  5286. </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
    5287. 

  5287. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5288. 

  5288. <p><span class="font12">A: Qīng ni zhuangào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
    5289. 

  5289. <p><span class="font12">A: Hen bàoqiàn.</span></p>
    5290. 

  5290. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 3</span></p>
    5291. 

  5291. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kěxī</span><span class="font12"> may be used as an exclamation: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhēn kěxī!</span><span class="font12"> ’’That’s really too bad!”</span></p>
    5292. 

  5292. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhuǎngào</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to pass along Cword of something].&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zhuǎn</span><span class="font12"> literally means &quot;to turn&quot; or &quot;to transmit.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gào</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to tell,” as in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gàosu</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    5293. 

  5293. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bàoqiàn</span><span class="font12"> is an adjectival verb that means &quot;to be sorry,&quot; &quot;to feel apologetic&quot; (e.g., for not fulfilling one’s social obligations). Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bào</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;to embrace Ca feeling],&quot; &quot;to harbor Ca feeling].&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qiàn</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;apologetic feelings,&quot; &quot;guilt feelings.&quot;</span></p>
    5294. 

  5294. <div>
    5295. 

  5295. <p><span class="font12">H. B: Hěn yíhàn, Láidēng Dàshī bù néng lái.</span></p>
    5296. 

  5296. <p><span class="font12">B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.</span></p>
    5297. 

  5297. </div><br clear="all">
    5298. 

  5298. <div>
    5299. 

  5299. <p><span class="font12">We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come.</span></p>
    5300. 

  5300. <p><span class="font12">I will pass on the message for you.</span></p>
    5301. 

  5301. </div><br clear="all">
    5302. 

  5302. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. U</span></p>
    5303. 

  5303. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíhàn</span><span class="font12"> is a formal term used to express disappointment or regret that something desirable will not happen.</span></p>
    5304. 

  5304. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tì</span><span class="font12">, &quot;for,&quot; &quot;in place of,&quot; is a prepositional verb meaning in place of another, or in another’s stead.</span></p>
    5305. 

  5305. <p><span class="font12">Jīntiān wǒ tì nī Jiāo shū. I will teach for you today, (i.e., in your place)</span></p>
    5306. 

  5306. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tì nī qù. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I will go for you. (i.e., instead</span></p>
    5307. 

  5307. <p><span class="font12">of you)</span></p>
    5308. 

  5308. <p><span class="font12">To make a sentence containing </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font12"> negative, place </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12"> or </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi</span><span class="font12"> in front of the prepositional verb.</span></p>
    5309. 

  5309. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ bú yào tì ni qù mǎi cài. I don’t want to go to buy groceries for you.</span></p>
    5310. 

  5310. <p><span class="font12">Tā méi tì wǒ lái Jiǎng huà. He did not come to speak in my place.</span></p>
    5311. 

  5311. <p><span class="font12">Both </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font12"> may be translated as &quot;for.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Gěi</span><span class="font12">, having a wider range of usage, would seem to overlap in some instances with </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font12">. The more exact meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tì</span><span class="font12"> may be used to clarify a situation.</span></p>
    5312. 

  5312. <div>
    5313. 

  5313. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">gěi</span><span class="font12"> ni mǎi cài.</span></p>
    5314. 

  5314. </div><br clear="all">
    5315. 

  5315. <div>
    5316. 

  5316. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tì ni mǎi cài.</span></p>
    5317. 

  5317. </div><br clear="all">
    5318. 

  5318. <p><span class="font12">I will buy groceries for you.</span></p>
    5319. 

  5319. <p><span class="font12">(WHO PAYS? DID YOU VOLUNTEER ONLY</span></p>
    5320. 

  5320. <p><span class="font12">TO SHOP, OR TO PAY ALSO?)</span></p>
    5321. 

  5321. <p><span class="font12">I will buy groceries for you.</span></p>
    5322. 

  5322. <p><span class="font12">(CLARIFIED: YOU HAVE VOLUNTEERED ONLY TO SHOP, NOT TO PAY.)</span></p>
    5323. 

  5323. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yíxià</span><span class="font12">, &quot;a bit,” is not translated in No. U. This word adds to the action in the sentence a casual feeling, similar to the effect of reduplicating a verb. (Notice that this use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíxià</span><span class="font12"> is different from previous examples, where the word meant ”for a little while.”)</span></p>
    5324. 

  5324. <div>
    5325. 

  5325. <p><span class="font12">5. A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women you Jige tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua dào Chángchéng qù wánr.</span></p>
    5326. 

  5326. <p><span class="font12">A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqī qù?</span></p>
    5327. 

  5327. </div><br clear="all">
    5328. 

  5328. <div>
    5329. 

  5329. <p><span class="font12">Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall Saturday for an outing.</span></p>
    5330. 

  5330. <p><span class="font12">Can you go with us?</span></p>
    5331. 

  5331. </div><br clear="all">
    5332. 

  5332. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 5</span></p>
    5333. 

  5333. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tongxué</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;fellow student&quot; or &quot;graduate of the same institution. &quot;Fellow worker&quot; or &quot;colleague&quot; is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">tǒngshì</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    5334. 

  5334. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Chángchéng</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cháng</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;long,&quot; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">chéng</span><span class="font12"> is an old word for &quot;city wall.&quot; The full name of the Great Wall is </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wànlǐ Chángchéng</span><span class="font12">, literally &quot;10,000 lǐ-long wall.&quot;<a name="footnote14"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark143">14</a></sup></span></p>
    5335. 

  5335. <div>
    5336. 

  5336. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Néng, kéyi, and huì compared</span><span class="font12">: and therefore state verbs—mean &quot;</span></p>
    5337. 

  5337. <p><span class="font12">The core meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font12"> is &quot;can, In some cases, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font12"> may also mean is possible,&quot; and &quot;to know how to.'</span></p>
    5338. 

  5338. <p><span class="font12">Wǒde tóu téng, bù néng kàn shū.</span></p>
    5339. 

  5339. <p><span class="font12">Shàng kède shíhou, bù néng shuō huà.</span></p>
    5340. 

  5340. <p><span class="font12">Zhījiāgē Shíyīyuè jiù néng xià xuě.</span></p>
    5341. 

  5341. <p><span class="font12">Tǎ zhēn néng shuō huà.</span></p>
    5342. 

  5342. <p><span class="font12">The core meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font12"> is &quot;can,&quot; also mean &quot;could be/is possible.&quot;</span></p>
    5343. 

  5343. </div><br clear="all">
    5344. 

  5344. <p><span class="font12">All three of these auxiliary verbs— can&quot; to some extent.</span></p>
    5345. 

  5345. <p><span class="font12">&quot;to be able to,&quot; &quot;to be capable of.&quot; may,&quot; &quot;to be permitted,&quot; &quot;could be/ I</span></p>
    5346. 

  5346. <p><span class="font12">My head aches; I can’t read.</span></p>
    5347. 

  5347. <p><span class="font12">Talking is not permitted during class.</span></p>
    5348. 

  5348. <p><span class="font12">It can snow in November in Chicago. (POSSIBILITY)</span></p>
    5349. 

  5349. <p><span class="font12">He really knows how to talk.</span></p>
    5350. 

  5350. <p><span class="font12">&quot;may,&quot; &quot;to be permitted to.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Kéyi</span><span class="font12"> may The permission implied by </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font12"> may come from an outside authority or may be self-imposed.</span></p>
    5351. 

  5351. <p><span class="font12">NÍ kéyi zǒu le. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You may leave.</span></p>
    5352. 

  5352. <p><span class="font12">Cong zhèige mén jìnqu, kéyi May one go in through this door? ma?</span></p>
    5353. 

  5353. <p><span class="font12">Nàrde fàn kéyi chī. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The food there may be eaten, (i.e.,</span></p>
    5354. 

  5354. <p><span class="font12">it is possible to eat it)</span></p>
    5355. 

  5355. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ bù shūfu, bù kéyi yóuyǒng. I don’t feel good; I can’t go swimming. (i.e., the speaker decides that he should not go)</span></p>
    5356. 

  5356. <p><span class="font12">The core meaning of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huì</span><span class="font12"> is &quot;to know how to,&quot; &quot;can.&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Huì</span><span class="font12"> is often used for an activity that was learned, in contrast to </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font12"> for activities that &quot;can be done&quot; because of a person’s physical condition (&quot;Can she get out of bed yet?&quot; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tā néng bu néng xià chuáng?</span><span class="font12">). The other main use of </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">huì</span><span class="font12"> is to indicate possibility. Here it overlaps with both </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">néng</span><span class="font12"> and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">kéyi</span><span class="font12"> in meaning &quot;could be/ is possible.&quot;</span></p>
    5357. 

  5357. <p><span class="font12">Nìde érzi huì zǒu lù le ma? Can your son walk now?</span></p>
    5358. 

  5358. <p><span class="font12">(BABY LEARNING TO WALK)</span></p>
    5359. 

  5359. <p><span class="font12">Nì huì shuō Yīngwén ma? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Can you speak English?</span></p>
    5360. 

  5360. <p><span class="font12">Míngtiān huì xià yǔ. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It might/will rain tomorrow.</span></p>
    5361. 

  5361. <p><span class="font12">Tā bú huì bù lái. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It is not possible that he won’t come.</span></p>
    5362. 

  5362. <div>
    5363. 

  5363. <p><span class="font12">6. B: Zhen bù qiǎo.</span></p>
    5364. 

  5364. <p><span class="font12">B: Neitiān women yǒu shi, méi bànfa qù.</span></p>
    5365. 

  5365. </div><br clear="all">
    5366. 

  5366. <div>
    5367. 

  5367. <p><span class="font12">We really couldn’t make that.</span></p>
    5368. 

  5368. <p><span class="font12">We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going.</span></p>
    5369. 

  5369. </div><br clear="all">
    5370. 

  5370. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on No. 6</span></p>
    5371. 

  5371. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù qiǎo</span><span class="font12"> literally means &quot;inopportune,&quot; &quot;not timely.&quot;</span></p>
    5372. 

  5372. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Méi bànfa</span><span class="font12">: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bànfa</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;method,&quot; &quot;way.&quot; Within a sentence, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi bànfa </span><span class="font12">is used as &quot;there is no way to...,&quot; &quot;there is no way that....&quot; Used independently, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">méi bànfa</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;nothing can be done,&quot; &quot;it can’t be helped,&quot; &quot;there is no way out.&quot;</span></p>
    5373. 

  5373. <table border="1">
    5374. 

  5374. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5375. 

  5375. <p><span class="font12">7. A: Xīwang yīhòu zài zhāo Jīhui</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5376. 

  5376. <p><span class="font12">I hope that later we will find</span></p></td></tr>
    5377. 

  5377. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5378. 

  5378. <p><span class="font12">JùyiJù ba.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5379. 

  5379. <p><span class="font12">another opportunity to get together</span></p></td></tr>
    5380. 

  5380. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5381. 

  5381. <p><span class="font12">B: Hǎo a.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5382. 

  5382. <p><span class="font12">Okay.</span></p></td></tr>
    5383. 

  5383. </table>
    5384. 

  5384. <table border="1">
    5385. 

  5385. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5386. 

  5386. <p><span class="font12">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5387. 

  5387. <p><span class="font12">dàjiā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5388. 

  5388. <p><span class="font12">everybody, everyone</span></p></td></tr>
    5389. 

  5389. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5390. 

  5390. <p><span class="font12">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5391. 

  5391. <p><span class="font12">J iēdao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5392. 

  5392. <p><span class="font12">to receive (alternate form for J i</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ēzháo</span><span class="font12">)</span></p></td></tr>
    5393. 

  5393. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5394. 

  5394. <p><span class="font12">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5395. 

  5395. <p><span class="font12">tōngshì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5396. 

  5396. <p><span class="font12">fellow worker, colleague</span></p></td></tr>
    5397. 

  5397. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5398. 

  5398. <p><span class="font12">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5399. 

  5399. <p><span class="font12">yīnggāi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5400. 

  5400. <p><span class="font12">should, ought to, must</span></p></td></tr>
    5401. 

  5401. </table>
    5402. 

  5402. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary</span></p>
    5403. 

  5403. <p><span class="font12">Literally, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàjiā</span><span class="font12"> means &quot;big family.&quot; When </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dàjiā</span><span class="font12"> is the subject of a sentence, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">dōu</span><span class="font12"> is often placed before the verb.</span></p>
    5404. 

  5404. <p><span class="font12">Dàjiā dōu zhīdào tā shi shéi. Everyone knows who he is.</span></p>
    5405. 

  5405. <p><span class="font12">Xièxie dàjiā. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thank you all.</span></p>
    5406. 

  5406. <p><span class="font12">Qīng dàjiā zuōxialai. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would everyone please sit down.</span></p>
    5407. 

  5407. <p><span class="font12">Wōmen dàjiā yìqī qù ba. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let’s all go together.</span></p>
    5408. 

  5408. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yīnggāi</span><span class="font12"> is an auxiliary verb, which is followed by another verb in a sentence. Only </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font12"> is used to make </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīnggāi</span><span class="font12"> negative.</span></p>
    5409. 

  5409. <table border="1">
    5410. 

  5410. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5411. 

  5411. <p><span class="font12">Bú xiè, zhèi shi women yīnggāi zuòde shi.</span></p>
    5412. 

  5412. <p><span class="font12">ZhèiJiàn shìqing hen yàoJIn, nī yīnggāi māshàng qù bàn.</span></p>
    5413. 

  5413. <p><span class="font12">Yige dàxué bìyède rén, bù yīnggāi yōu zhèiyangde xiǎngfa.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5414. 

  5414. <p><span class="font12">Don’t thank us. This is something we should be doing.</span></p>
    5415. 

  5415. <p><span class="font12">This is a very important thing; you should (go) take care of it right away.</span></p>
    5416. 

  5416. <p><span class="font12">Someone who has graduated from college shouldn’t think this way.</span></p></td></tr>
    5417. 

  5417. </table>
    5418. 

  5418. <h6><a name="bookmark144"></a><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark145"></a>DRILLS</span></h6>
    5419. 

  5419. <p><span class="font12">A. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
    5420. 

  5420. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5421. 

  5421. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā zài Wàijiāobù Lībīnsī gōngzuò.</span></p></li></ul>
    5422. 

  5422. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) wǔlóu</span></p>
    5423. 

  5423. <p><span class="font12">(He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cin3 the Protocol Department.)</span></p>
    5424. 

  5424. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5425. 

  5425. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. qīlóu</span></p></li>
    5426. 

  5426. <li>
    5427. 

  5427. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguān gōngzuò . loushàng</span></p></li></ul>
    5428. 

  5428. <p><span class="font12">U. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Guānghuá Lù</span></p>
    5429. 

  5429. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5430. 

  5430. <p><span class="font12">5. Zhāng Tongzhì zài Shànghai gōngzuò. Nánj īng Lù</span></p></li>
    5431. 

  5431. <li>
    5432. 

  5432. <p><span class="font12">6. Wáng Nushì zài yínháng gōngzuò. èrlóu</span></p></li>
    5433. 

  5433. <li>
    5434. 

  5434. <p><span class="font12">7. Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. sānlōu</span></p></li></ul>
    5435. 

  5435. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tā zài Wàijiācbù Lībīnsī gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài wǔlóu.</span></p>
    5436. 

  5436. <p><span class="font12">(He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cin3 the Protocol Department. His office is on the fifth floor.)</span></p>
    5437. 

  5437. <p><span class="font12">Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài qīlóu.</span></p>
    5438. 

  5438. <p><span class="font12">Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguān gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài lóushàng.</span></p>
    5439. 

  5439. <p><span class="font12">Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Guānghuá Lù.</span></p>
    5440. 

  5440. <p><span class="font12">Zhāng Tóngzhì zài Shànghai gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Nánjīng Lù.</span></p>
    5441. 

  5441. <p><span class="font12">Wáng Nushì zài yínháng gōngzuò.</span></p>
    5442. 

  5442. <p><span class="font12">Tāde bàngōngshì zài èrlóu.</span></p>
    5443. 

  5443. <p><span class="font12">Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài sānlóu.</span></p>
    5444. 

  5444. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5445. 

  5445. <p><span class="font12">B.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Response Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    5446. 

  5446. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5447. 

  5447. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Dàshī jiēzháo qīngtiě le ma?</span></p></li></ul>
    5448. 

  5448. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) not yet</span></p>
    5449. 

  5449. <p><span class="font12">(Has the ambassador received the invitation yet?)</span></p>
    5450. 

  5450. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5451. 

  5451. <p><span class="font12">2. Tāmen dōu Jiezháo qīngtiě le ma? not all</span></p></li>
    5452. 

  5452. <li>
    5453. 

  5453. <p><span class="font12">3. Nīmen jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qīngtiě le ma? yes</span></p></li></ul>
    5454. 

  5454. <p><span class="font12">h. Tāmen Jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīngtiě le ma? already</span></p>
    5455. 

  5455. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Dàshī hái méi jiēzháo qīngtiě.</span></p>
    5456. 

  5456. <p><span class="font12">(The ambassador has not received the invitation yet.)</span></p>
    5457. 

  5457. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen méi dōu jiēzháo qīngtiě.</span></p>
    5458. 

  5458. <p><span class="font12">Women jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qīngtiě le.</span></p>
    5459. 

  5459. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen yījīng jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīngtiě le.</span></p>
    5460. 

  5460. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5461. 

  5461. <p><span class="font12">5. Nīmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīng-tiě le ma? not yet</span></p></li>
    5462. 

  5462. <li>
    5463. 

  5463. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā jiēzháo qǐngtiě le ma? no</span></p></li>
    5464. 

  5464. <li>
    5465. 

  5465. <p><span class="font12">7. Nǐ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě le ma? yes</span></p></li></ul>
    5466. 

  5466. <p><span class="font12">Women hái mei jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiě.</span></p>
    5467. 

  5467. <p><span class="font12">Tā méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě.</span></p>
    5468. 

  5468. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ jiēzháo Wuguānchùde qǐngtiě le.</span></p>
    5469. 

  5469. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5470. 

  5470. <p><span class="font12">C. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    5471. 

  5471. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5472. 

  5472. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tā bù néng lái. (</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) kěxī</span></p></li></ul>
    5473. 

  5473. <p><span class="font12">(He cannot come.)</span></p>
    5474. 

  5474. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5475. 

  5475. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kěxī</span></p></li>
    5476. 

  5476. <li>
    5477. 

  5477. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā méi lái. yíhàn</span></p></li></ul>
    5478. 

  5478. <p><span class="font12">U. Tāmen bù néng dōu lái. bàoqiàn</span></p>
    5479. 

  5479. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5480. 

  5480. <p><span class="font12">5. Tāmen dōu bù lái. kěxī</span></p></li>
    5481. 

  5481. <li>
    5482. 

  5482. <p><span class="font12">6. Tāmen dōu bù néng qù. bàoqiàn</span></p></li>
    5483. 

  5483. <li>
    5484. 

  5484. <p><span class="font12">7. Tā hái méi qù. yíhàn</span></p></li></ul>
    5485. 

  5485. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Hěn kěxī, tā bù néng lái. (Unfortunately, he cannot come.)</span></p>
    5486. 

  5486. <p><span class="font12">Hěn kěxī, tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo.</span></p>
    5487. 

  5487. <p><span class="font12">Hěn yíhàn, tā méi lái.</span></p>
    5488. 

  5488. <p><span class="font12">Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen bù néng dōu lái.</span></p>
    5489. 

  5489. <p><span class="font12">Hěn kěxī, tāmen dōu bù lái.</span></p>
    5490. 

  5490. <p><span class="font12">Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen dōu bù néng qù.</span></p>
    5491. 

  5491. <p><span class="font12">Hěn yíhàn, tā hái méi qù.</span></p>
    5492. 

  5492. <p><span class="font12">D. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Expansion Drill</span></p>
    5493. 

  5493. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5494. 

  5494. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Qīng ni zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng.</span></p></li></ul>
    5495. 

  5495. <p><span class="font12">(Please inform Minister Zhāng.)</span></p>
    5496. 

  5496. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5497. 

  5497. <p><span class="font12">2. Wō zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le. nǐ</span></p></li>
    5498. 

  5498. <li>
    5499. 

  5499. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā hái méi zhuǎngào Lī Kēzhǎng. nǐ</span></p></li></ul>
    5500. 

  5500. <p><span class="font12">U. Tā bù néng zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. wǒ</span></p>
    5501. 

  5501. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Qīng ni tì wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng.</span></p>
    5502. 

  5502. <p><span class="font12">(Please inform Minister Zhāng for me.)</span></p>
    5503. 

  5503. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ tì nǐ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le</span></p>
    5504. 

  5504. <p><span class="font12">Tā hái méi tì nǐ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.</span></p>
    5505. 

  5505. <p><span class="font12">Tā bù néng tì wǒ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.</span></p>
    5506. 

  5506. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5507. 

  5507. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǒ yījīng zhuǎngào dàshī le. nī</span></p></li>
    5508. 

  5508. <li>
    5509. 

  5509. <p><span class="font12">6. Wǒ míngtiān jiù zhuǎngào dàshī. nī</span></p></li>
    5510. 

  5510. <li>
    5511. 

  5511. <p><span class="font12">7. Tā shi zuótiān zhuǎngào dàhīde. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;nī</span></p></li></ul>
    5512. 

  5512. <p><span class="font12">Wǒ yījīng tì nī zhuǎngào dàshī le.</span></p>
    5513. 

  5513. <p><span class="font12">Wo míngtiān jiù tì nī zhuǎngào dàshī.</span></p>
    5514. 

  5514. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi zuótiān tì nī zhuǎngào dàshīde.</span></p>
    5515. 

  5515. <p><span class="font12">E. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Transformation Drill</span></p>
    5516. 

  5516. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5517. 

  5517. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Tāmen míngtiān lǎi.</span></p></li></ul>
    5518. 

  5518. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) together</span></p>
    5519. 

  5519. <p><span class="font12">(They are coming tomorrow.)</span></p>
    5520. 

  5520. <p><span class="font12">OR Tāmen zuótiān lǎi le.</span></p>
    5521. 

  5521. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) together (They came yesterday.)</span></p>
    5522. 

  5522. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5523. 

  5523. <p><span class="font12">2. Tā míngtiān zǒu. alone</span></p></li>
    5524. 

  5524. <li>
    5525. 

  5525. <p><span class="font12">3. Tā zuótiān zǒu le. alone</span></p></li></ul>
    5526. 

  5526. <p><span class="font12">H. Wǎng Tongzhì míngtiān qù</span></p>
    5527. 

  5527. <p><span class="font12">Nǎnj īng. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by train</span></p>
    5528. 

  5528. <p><span class="font12">5. Wǎng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī qù Shànghǎi le. by plane</span></p>
    5529. 

  5529. <p><span class="font12">6. Tā qù le. alone</span></p>
    5530. 

  5530. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Tāmen míngtiān yìqī lǎi ma?</span></p>
    5531. 

  5531. <p><span class="font12">(Are they coming together tomorrow?)</span></p>
    5532. 

  5532. <p><span class="font12">Tāmen zuótiān shi yìzī lǎide ma?</span></p>
    5533. 

  5533. <p><span class="font12">(Did they come together yesterday?)</span></p>
    5534. 

  5534. <p><span class="font12">Tā míngtiān yige ren zǒu ma?</span></p>
    5535. 

  5535. <p><span class="font12">Tā zuótiān shi yige rén zoude ma?</span></p>
    5536. 

  5536. <p><span class="font12">Wǎng Tóngzhì míngtiān zuò huochē qù Nánjīng ma?</span></p>
    5537. 

  5537. <p><span class="font12">Wǎng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī shi zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎide ma?</span></p>
    5538. 

  5538. <p><span class="font12">Tā shi yige rén qùde ma?</span></p>
    5539. 

  5539. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5540. 

  5540. <p><span class="font12">F. </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Substitution Drill</span></p></li></ul>
    5541. 

  5541. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5542. 

  5542. <p><span class="font12">1.</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Speaker</span><span class="font12">: Nèitiān women yǒu shi, bù néng qù.</span></p></li></ul>
    5543. 

  5543. <p><span class="font12">(</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">cue</span><span class="font12">) no way of going (That day we have a previous engagement;</span></p>
    5544. 

  5544. <p><span class="font12">we cannot go.)</span></p>
    5545. 

  5545. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5546. 

  5546. <p><span class="font12">2. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, méi bànfa qù. cannot go together</span></p></li>
    5547. 

  5547. <li>
    5548. 

  5548. <p><span class="font12">3. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqǐ qù. not all of us can go</span></p></li></ul>
    5549. 

  5549. <p><span class="font12">U. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, bù néng dōu qù. none of us can go</span></p>
    5550. 

  5550. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5551. 

  5551. <p><span class="font12">5. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, dǒu bù néng qù. did not go</span></p></li>
    5552. 

  5552. <li>
    5553. 

  5553. <p><span class="font12">6. Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù. not all of us went</span></p></li>
    5554. 

  5554. <li>
    5555. 

  5555. <p><span class="font12">7. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, méi dōu qù.</span></p></li></ul>
    5556. 

  5556. <p><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">You</span><span class="font12">: Nèitiān wōmen you shi, méi bānfa qù.</span></p>
    5557. 

  5557. <p><span class="font12">(That day we have a previous engagement; we have no way of going.)</span></p>
    5558. 

  5558. <p><span class="font12">Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqi qù.</span></p>
    5559. 

  5559. <p><span class="font12">Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng dōu qù.</span></p>
    5560. 

  5560. <p><span class="font12">Nèitiān women yǒu shi, dōu bù néng qù.</span></p>
    5561. 

  5561. <p><span class="font12">Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù.</span></p>
    5562. 

  5562. <p><span class="font12">Nèitiān women you shi, méi dōu qù.</span></p>
    5563. 

  5563. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">GPO 689—101/8721</span></p>
    5564. 

  5564. <p><span class="font12">269</span></p>
    5565. 

  5565. <p><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup><a name="bookmark84"></a></p>
    5566. 

  5566. <p><span class="font12">A different pattern is used to say that two things are the same. (See MTG, Unit 3, notes on Nos. U-5.)</span></p>
    5567. 

  5567. <p><sup><a href="#footnote2">2</a></sup><a name="bookmark85"></a></p>
    5568. 

  5568. <p><span class="font12">To say &quot;A is not as . . . as B,&quot; you use a different construction, which you will learn in MTG, Unit 6, notes on No. 2.</span></p>
    5569. 

  5569. <p><sup><a href="#footnote3">3</a></sup><a name="bookmark86"></a></p>
    5570. 

  5570. <p><span class="font12">The verb </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">láidejí/láibují</span><span class="font12"> does not occur without the inserted -de- or -bu-.</span></p>
    5571. 

  5571. <p><sup><a href="#footnote4">4</a></sup><a name="bookmark93"></a></p>
    5572. 

  5572. <p><span class="font12">You have already seen </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">wán</span><span class="font12"> in </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Piào dōu màiwán le</span><span class="font12">.</span></p>
    5573. 

  5573. <p><sup><a href="#footnote5">5</a></sup><a name="bookmark100"></a></p>
    5574. 

  5574. <p><span class="font12">The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.</span></p>
    5575. 

  5575. <p><sup><a href="#footnote6">6</a></sup><a name="bookmark103"></a></p>
    5576. 

  5576. <p><span class="font12">The words &quot;this,&quot; &quot;next,&quot; and &quot;last&quot; in English are often ambiguous. &quot;This&quot; sometimes means &quot;just past,&quot; sometimes &quot;the coming,&quot; and sometimes &quot;of next week.&quot; &quot;Next&quot; sometimes means &quot;the coming&quot; and sometimes means &quot;of next week.&quot; &quot;Last&quot; sometimes means &quot;Just past&quot; and sometimes means &quot;of last week.&quot; In Chinese, however, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhèige</span><span class="font12"> usually means &quot;of this week&quot;; </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiàge</span><span class="font12">, &quot;of next week&quot;; and </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">shàngge</span><span class="font12">, <sup>H</sup>of last week.&quot; But ambiguities do sometimes arise.</span></p>
    5577. 

  5577. <p><span class="font12">Some Chinese consider that the week begins on Sunday. Probably most Chinese however, consider Monday the first day of the week.</span></p>
    5578. 

  5578. <p><sup><a href="#footnote7">7</a></sup><a name="bookmark118"></a></p>
    5579. 

  5579. <p><span class="font12"></span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Bù</span><span class="font12"> is also used for a &quot;department&quot; of the U.S. government: </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nèizhèngbù</span><span class="font12">, &quot;Department of the Interior&quot;</span></p>
    5580. 

  5580. <p><sup><a href="#footnote8">8</a></sup><a name="bookmark119"></a></p>
    5581. 

  5581. <p><span class="font12"></span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">ròu</span><span class="font12">, &quot;meat”</span></p>
    5582. 

  5582. <p><sup><a href="#footnote9">9</a></sup><a name="bookmark132"></a></p>
    5583. 

  5583. <p><span class="font12">You have already learned that </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">zěnme</span><span class="font12"> can mean ”how.&quot;</span></p>
    5584. 

  5584. <p><sup><a href="#footnote10">10</a></sup><a name="bookmark133"></a></p>
    5585. 

  5585. <p><span class="font12"></span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">niánqīng</span><span class="font12">, &quot;to be young&quot;</span></p>
    5586. 

  5586. <p><sup><a href="#footnote11">11</a></sup><a name="bookmark134"></a></p>
    5587. 

  5587. <p><span class="font12"></span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">yīnggāi</span><span class="font12">, &quot;should&quot;</span></p>
    5588. 

  5588. <p><sup><a href="#footnote12">12</a></sup><a name="bookmark135"></a></p>
    5589. 

  5589. <p><span class="font12"></span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">Xiǎngqilai</span><span class="font12"> is actually pronounced </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiángqilai</span><span class="font12">. The ending -</span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qīlái</span><span class="font12"> is in the neutral tone; because </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">qī</span><span class="font12"> was originally in the third tone, </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">xiǎng</span><span class="font12"> changes to the rising tone.</span></p>
    5590. 

  5590. <p><sup><a href="#footnote13">13</a></sup><a name="bookmark136"></a></p>
    5591. 

  5591. <p><span class="font12">English prepositions, such as &quot;up,&quot; are also used both literally and abstractly: &quot;look up the wall&quot; (an upward motion) and &quot;look up the phone number&quot; (no motion indicated by &quot;up&quot;)</span></p>
    5592. 

  5592. <p><sup><a href="#footnote14">14</a></sup><a name="bookmark143"></a></p>
    5593. 

  5593. <p><span class="font12">0ne </span><span class="font12" style="text-decoration:underline;">lǐ</span><span class="font12"> is approximately one third of a mile.</span></p>
    5594. 

  5594. </body>
    5595. 

  5595. </html>
    5596.