FSI-Chinese-text/Numerisés-new/FSI-StandardChinese-Module06MTG-StudentText.txt

FSI - Standard Chinese - Module 06 MTG - Student Text
Foreign Service Institute

CM 0185 S

STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE J

UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS

INQUIRIES CONCERNING THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR
COPIES, SHOULD BE ADDRESSED TO

DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE

FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER

NONRESIDENT INSTRUCTION DIVISION PRESIDIO OF MONTEREY, CA 939^0

TOPICS IN THE AREAS OF POLITICS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, MORES ETC.,
WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED AS CONTROVERSIAL FROM SOME POINTS OF VIEW ARE
SOMETIMES INCLUDED IN THESE MATERIALS, SINCE STUDENTS MAY FIND
THEMSELVES IN POSITIONS WHERE CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF CONVERSATIONS OR
WRITTEN MATERIALS OF THIS NATURE WILL BE ESSENTIAL. THE PRESENCE OF
CONTROVERSIAL STATEMENTS—WHETHER REAL OR APPARENT—IN THESE MATERIALS IS
NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS REPRESENTING THE OPINIONS OF THE WRITERS, OF THE
DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, OR OF ANY OF THE AGENCIES WHICH SUPPORTED THIS EFFORT.

IN THIS PUBLICATION, THE WORDS "HE," "HIM," AND "HIS" DENOTE BOTH
MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDERS. THIS STATEMENT DOES NOT APPLY TO
TRANSLATIONS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTS.

STANDARD CHINESE

A MODULAR APPROACH

STUDENT TEXT

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

AUGUST 1979

PREFACE

Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency
conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to
address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training
community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect
current usage in Beijing and Taipei.

The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough
in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of
government agencies and academic institutions.

A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the
Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense
Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute,
the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S.
Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign
Language School. The representatives have included Arthur T. McNeill,
John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C.
Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLl); James R.
Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSl); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T.
Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz
(CFFLS).

The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197^ in
space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S.
and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.

Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council
was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language
Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M.
Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown
University. In the fall of 1977» Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy
project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center
and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on
the planning council and contributed material to the project. The
planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials
and met regularly to review their development.

Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey,
Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation
with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign
Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the
comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the
communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides.
Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the
student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the
staff. Led by Ms. Barale, they worked as a team to produce the materials
subsequent to Module 6.

All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao,
Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and
Yunhui C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chieh-fang Ou Lee,
Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-li Chen, and
Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of
dialogues.

Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent
Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T. C. Liang,
Thomas E. Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype.

The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the
Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was
voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr.
Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry,
Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.

The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service
Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A.
Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.

Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the
cooperation of Brown University; the Defense Language Institute, Foreign
Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning
Center; the United States Air Force Academy; the University of Illinois;
and the University of Virginia.

Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of
the Defense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the
DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course
materials. This support included coordination, graphic arts, editing,
typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out
these tasks.                                         _

James R. Frith, Chairman

Qninese Core Curriculum Project Board

CONTENTS

Preface

MODULE 5: TRANSPORTATION

Objectives

Map of Beijing

Map of Taipei

Target Lists

UNIT 1

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Using buses

’’When"

"First," "last," "next," "previous"

Duō, "to be many," and. shǎo, "to be few"

Vocabulary Booster (Modes of Transportation)

Drills

UNIT 2

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

The marker a and its variant ya

The locational endings -shang and -li

More on the marker ba

The aspect marker ne

"Then": j iù, zài, cái Drills

UNIT 3 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

The prepositional verb bǎ

Adverbs expressing manner Drills

UNIT U Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Choice questions with háishi

More on topics and comments

Compound verbs of result Drills

UNIT 5 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Distances

Approximate numbers

Ban, "one half" Drills

UNIT 6 Reference List ................. .....

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

More on verb reduplication (two-syllable verbs)

Compound verbs of direction

More on new-situation le Drills

UNIT 7 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

More on compound verbs of result

"If"

Vocabulary Booster (Animals)

Drills

UNIT 8 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes .

"Why" and "because"

Time NOT spent

"All," "not all," "all...not"

"Again": you, zài Drills

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

Objectives

Target Lists

UNIT 1 Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Making an appointment

Gēn for "and" and gēn for "with"

Three words for "time"

The prepositional verb duì, "to," "towards," "facing"

Comparisons: "more than"

More on compound verbs of result Drills..........................155

UNIT 2

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Making phone calls

The aspect marker zài for ongoing action "Whatever," "whenever,"
"whoever," "wherever"

Verbs and general objects

Vocabulary Booster (Occupations)

Drills

UNIT 3

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Extending an invitation

"Not only...but also..."

Comparisons: "equal to," "alike"

"Anyone," "anything," "anyplace," "anytime"

Comparison: compound verbs of result and manner adverbs "Furthermore"

Drills

UNIT 1

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Meeting people

More on completion le

The prepositional verb xiàng, "facing"

Duō and shǎo as adverbs Vocabulary Booster (Opposites)

Drills

UNIT 5

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Taking and leaving messages

Changing an appointment

The prepositional verb bǎ

Gang and gāngcái

More on compound verbs of result

Drills

UNIT 6

Reference List

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Invitation to lunch

Comparisons: "less than" "even more"

Comparison overview

Sentence patterns: "although" and "both...and..."
Drills..........................235

UNIT T

Reference List......................2U1

Vocabulary........................2^3

Reference Notes ...................... 2hU

Arranging an introduction

Using word order to express "the" and "a"

Objects of reduplicated verbs

Three-part motion verbs

Verbs for "remember" and "forget"

Drills

UNIT 8

Reference List....................  .

Vocabulary

Reference Notes

Declining invitations

The prepositional verb tì, "in place of"

More on compound verbs of result

Comparison: něng, kéyi, huì

Drills..........................266

MODULE 6: ARRANGING A MEETING

The Meeting Module (MTG) will provide you with the skills needed to
arrange meetings or social gatherings, to greet people, to make
introductions, and to accept or decline invitations in Chinese.

Before starting this module, you must take and pass the TRN Criterion
Test.

The MTG Criterion Test will focus largely on this module, hut material
from ORN, BIO, MON, DIR, TRN, and associated resource modules is also
included.

OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this module, the student should he able to

-   1. Give the English equivalent for any Chinese sentence in the MTG
    Target Lists.

-   2. Say any Chinese sentence in the MTG Target Lists when cued with
    its English equivalent.

-   3. Make and respond to introductions with appropriate polite
    questions and answers.

-   U. Make phone calls and leave messages.

-   5. Arrange a meeting (time and place) with someone hy talking with
    him or his secretary either in person or hy phone.

-   6. Request that the time of a meeting he changed.

-   7. Invite a person to lunch, deciding on the time and the
    restaurant.

-   8. Arrange a social gathering for a specific time of day, inviting
    guests to his home and encouraging them to accept the invitation.

-   9. Greet guests upon their arrival at his home.

-   10. Accept/decline a social/husiness invitation with the appropriate
    degree of politeness.

-   1. Wei, nl shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?

Shi. Nín shi něiwèi?

W3 shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.

Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jièn.

-   2. W3 y8u diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan.

-   3. Nín y3u gōngfu meiyou?

U. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?

-   5. Sāndiǎn bi liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr. Yīnwei w3 yìhuir chūqu,
    yěxǔ liangdian huíbulái.

Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì děng nín.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   6. huídelǎi

-   7. k3ng(r)

-   8. loushàng

-   9. shāngliang

-   10. y3u kòng(r)

Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?

Yes. Who is this, please?

I’m William Martin.

Oh, Mr. Martin— I haven’t seen you for a long time.

I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.

Do you have any free time?

What time would suit you?

Three would be more convenient than two. Since I’m going out in a little
while, I might not be able to get back by two.

Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three
o’clock.

to be able to get back in time free time, spare time upstairs

to discuss, to talk over to have free time

-   1. Wei, Měidàsī.

W3 shi Jiānádà Dàshiguānde Qiāozhì Dāfēi. W8 y8u yíjiàn shi xiāng gēn
Wèng Kēzhang jiǎng-yijiǎng.

-   2. WÉng Kēzhāng xiànzài zài kāi huì. Deng tā kāiwèn huì w8 gàosong
    tā gēi ni hui diànhuà.

-   3. Hao, xièxie ni.

Bú xiè.

U. NÌ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou wo méi shiJian gēn ni shuō huà.

Mei guānxi.

W8 gěi ni da diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tāntan.

Nī míngtiān néng bu néng dào wo zhèr lái?

Keyi. Míngtiān shēnme shíhou dōu kéyi.

Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.

I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like
to discuss with Section Chief Wāng.

Section Chief Wáng is at a meeting now. When she is finished with the
meeting, I will tell her to return your call.

Fine. Thank you.

Don’t mention it.

When you called here, I didn’t have time to speak with you.

It doesn’t matter.

The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.

Can you come over here tomorrow?

Yes. Any time tomorrow would be fine.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   6. guānxi

-   7. Jiang huà

-   8. lingshiguǎn

-   9. shìqing (yíjiàn)

-   10. sīzhang

-   11. you guānxi relation, relationship, connection to speak, to talk;
    a speech consulate

matter, business, affair department chief

to relate to, to have a bearing on, to matter

-   1. Wo xiǎng xiàge Xīngqīliù qīng nín dào women jiā lái chī ge
    biùnfàn.

Nín hébì zhème kèqi?

-   2. Wo you yige Měiguo péngyou zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo shū. Hen xiSng
    gěi nīmen liangwèi Jièshao Jièshao.

Na tài hao leI

-   3. Wo hen xīwang gěn ni péngyou tāntan.

Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.

Búdàn shuōde bù hao, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.

-   U. Nī shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hao.

-   5. Wo méi qīng shénme rén; hen suíbiàn.

Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   6. bù tong

-   7. chá

-   8. chī fan

-   9. dànshi

-   10. érqiě

-   11. fan

-   12. he

-   13. Jiāo shū

I would like to invite you to come to our house for a simple meal on
Saturday of next week.

Why is it necessary to be so polite?

I have an American friend who teaches at Taiwan University. I would very
much like to introduce the two of you.

That's wonderful’

I wish very much to talk with your friend.

However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.

Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I
hear either.

You speak as well as an American.

I haven’t invited anyone special; it’s very informal.

Well then, I'll thank you in advance.

to be different

tea

to eat, to have a meal

but

furthermore, moreover (cooked) rice

to drink

to teach

-   1. He Jiàoshòu, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qǐng jin.

Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.

-   2. Wo zhīdao nín xǐhuan shānshuī huà.

Tèhié qǐng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.

-   3. Zhèiwèi shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiao shū.

Jiǔyǎng, jiǔyǎng.

1. Wo hái you hěn duō bù shōuxide dìfang yào xiàng nín qǐngjiào.

Professor Hollins, welcome. Pie come in.

Here is a small token of appreciation.

I know you like landscape painting

I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.

This is Professor Hollins, who teaches at Taiwan University.

Glad to meet you.

There is still much I’m not famil with that I need to ask your advice
about.

5. Xīwang yǐhòu y3u jīhui duō          I hope that in the future we will

jiànmiàn.                            have an opportunity to meet mor

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY

(not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

  ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  6.    fāngfǎ      method, way, means
  7.    fázi        method, way
  8.    huàr        painting (Beijing pronunciation)
  9.    qǐng zuo    please sit down
  10.   shèhuìxué   sociology
  11.   túshūguǎn   library
  12.   zuò         to sit
  ----- ----------- ----------------------------------

-   1. Wài.

Wei, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn SIzhang shuō huà.

Nín shi nǎr a?

Wǒ shi Fǎguo Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.

-   2. Lin Sīzhǎng zhèihuǐr hú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?

-   3. Wǒ bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr xiěxiàlái.

-   H. Duìbuqǐ, nǐ gāngcái gěi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.

-   5. Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole Jīntiān dào nín bàngōngshì qu tántan.

Yīnwei wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suóyi bù néng Jīntiān qù.

Gài dào míngtiān xíng bu xíng?

Hello.

Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with
Department Chief Lin.

Who is this?

I am the French Commercial/Economics Officer.

Department Chief LÍn is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave
a message?

I’ll write down your phone number.

I’m sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn’t in.

The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your office today
for a talk.

Because I have an urgent business matter, I can’t go today.

Would it be all right to change it Cthe appointment] to tomorrow?

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   6. háishi

-   7. wàiguo

-   8. wàiguo rén

-   9. wūzi (yìjiān)

-   10. yāo

still

foreign, abroad

foreigner (non-Chinese)

room

one (telephone pronunciation)

-   1. Women dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo bu hǎo?

Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài name hǎo.

-   2. Suírǎn bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí zhèli Jin.

Hǎi you yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jin.

-   3. Tāmen nàlide cài fēichǎng hǎo. Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù
    chī.

Nà bù hǎo yìsi!

U. Dàhuǎde cài you hǎo you piǎnyi.

Yě you hǎoxiē cài biéde dìfang chībuzhǎo.

5. Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

Let’s go to the East Gate Restaurant to eat lunch. Okay?

The food at the East Gate isn't as good as the food at the Great China.

Even though it CEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.

There is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.

The food there is extremely good. Today I am going to invite you to go
there to eat.

I can't let you do that!

(That would be too embarrassing!)

The food at the Great China is both good and cheap.

They also have a good many dishes that you can't find (at) other places.

Any place you suggest is sure to be good.

  ----- ----------- ------------------------------------
  6.    bù yídìng   not necessarily; it's not definite
  7.    kànfa       opinion, view
  8.    wǎnfàn      supper, dinner
  9.    xiǎngfa     idea, opinion
  10.   yìxiē       some, several, a few
  11.   zǎofàn      breakfast
  12.   zuòfa       way of doing things, method,
  ----- ----------- ------------------------------------

practice

-   1. Wǒ you yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.

Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng; tāde míngzi wǒ
wàngji le.

-   2. Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi shàngge lǐbài pài dào women zhèli laide.

Zenme? Nǐ rènshi ta ma?

-   3. Wǒ shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède.

1+. Nǐ néng bu néng màshàng dào wo bàngōngshì lai?

Mei wèntí. Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu jiù dào.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   5- jìde

-   6. rènde

-   7. renshi zì

-   8. wàng

-   9. wánquán

-   10. xiǎngqilai

-   11. zuǒyòu

I have something I would like to ask you about.

I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fang join you. I have forgotten
his given name.

That’s right. Fang Deming was sent over here last week.

Why? Do you know him?

I graduated from the University of California.

Can you come to my office right away?

No problem. I’ll be there in about half an hour.

to remember

to recognize, to know (alternate word for rènshi)

to know how to read (literally, "to recognize characters")

to forget (alternate word for wàngji, especially in the sense of
forgetting to DO something)

completely

to think of, to remember

approximately

-   1. Wài, zhèi shi Llbīnsī.

Wei, wǒ shi Laidēng Dàshīde mìshū.

-   2. Dàshǐ jiēzháo nīmende qǐngtiě le.

Hen kěxī yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔhào bù néng lai.

Qīng ni zhuǎngào Qiao Bùzhǎng.

Hen bàoqiàn.

-   3. Hen yíhàn, tā bù néng lai.

Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.

-   4. Xīwang yīhòu zài zhǎo jīhui jùyijù ba.

-   5. Zhēn bù qiǎo, méi bànfa qù.

-   6. Women you jige tǒngxué jìhua dào Chāngchéng qù wánr.

Hello. This is the Protocol Department.

Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.

The ambassador received your invitation.

Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on
August 9.

Please inform Minister Qiao.

I’m very sorry.

We very much regret that he cannot come.

I will pass on the message for you.

I hope that later we will find another opportunity to get together.

I really couldn’t make that; I have no way of going.

A few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall for an outing.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   7. dàjiā

-   8. jiēdào

-   9. tǒngshì

-   10. yīnggāi

everybody, everyone

to receive (alternate form of jiēzháo)

fellow worker, colleague

should, ought to, must

UNIT 1

REFERENCE LIST

(in Beijing)

-   1. B: Wěi.

-   A: Wài, nǐ shi Zhū Kēzhang ma?

-   B: Shi. Nín shi nǎiwèi?

A: WS shi Wēilièn Mǎdlng.

*B: Ou, Mǎdlng Xiānsheng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiān. Nī hǎo a?

-   A: Hǎo. Nī hǎo a?

-   2. A: W5 you diǎnr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiǎn tāntan.

-   3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou.

-   B: You gōngfu.

-   H. A: Shēnme shíhou duì nín heshi?

B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kěyi.

5. A: Jīntiān xiàwu liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma?

B: Sāndiǎn bl liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr.

6. B: Yīnwei wō yìhuīr chūqu, yexǔ liǎngdiǎn huíbulǎi.

A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo.

Hello.

Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?

Yes. Who is this, please?

I’m William Martin.

Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you for quite a while. How are you?

Fine. How are you?

I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.

I don’t know whether you have the time or not.

I have the time.

What time would suit you?

Either today or tomorrow would be fine.

Would two o’clock today be convenient?

Three would be more convenient than two.

Since I’m going out in a little while, I might not be able to get back
by two.

Three is fine also.

* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape

-   7. B: Name, w3 sāndiǎn zhōng zài louxiàde huìkèshì deng nín.

-   A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn Jiàn.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   8. huídelǎi

-   9. kòng(r)

-   10. loushàng

-   11. shāngliang

-   12. yǎu k8ng(r)

Well then, I’ll wait for you in the reception room downstairs at three
o’clock.

Fine. I’ll see you at three.

to be able to get back in time

free time, spare time

upstairs

to discuss, to talk over

to have free time

VOCABULARY

  --------------------- -----------------------------------
  bl                    compared with, than
  dāngmiàn              in person, face to face
  duì                   to, towards; with regard to, with
                        respect to
  gongfu                free time, spare time
  héshì                 to be suitable, to be appropriate
                        to fit
  huíbulái              to be unable to get back
  huídelái              to be able to get back in time
  huìkèshì (huìkèshì)   reception room
  kēzhang               section chief
  kōng(r)               free time, spare time
  loushàng              upstairs
  lōuxià                downstairs
  name                  well, then, in that case
  shāngliang            to discuss, to talk over
  tan                   to chat, to talk about
  wéi                   hello (telephone greeting)
  yěxǔ                  perhaps, maybe
  yìhuìr                a moment
  you gōngfu            to have free time
  you kōng(r)           to have free time
  --------------------- -----------------------------------

(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

chūkou gōngsī

export company

huì kè

to receive guests

xiē

several, some

ySu yòng

to be useful

REFERENCE NOTES

  ---- ---- ----------------------------- -----------------------------------
  1.   B:   Wei.                          Hello.
       A:   Wài, ní shi Zhū Kēzhǎng ma?   Hello. Are you Section Chief Zhū?
       B:   Shi. Nín shi něiwèi?          Yes. Who is this, please?
       A:   Wǒ shi Wēilián Mǎdīng.        I’m William Martin.
       B:   Ou, Mǎdīng Xiānsheng, hǎo     Oh, Mr. Martin—I haven’t seen you
            jiǔ bǔ jiàn. Nī hǎo a?        for quite a while. How are you?
       A:   Hǎo. Nī hǎo a?                Fine. How are you?
  ---- ---- ----------------------------- -----------------------------------

Notes on No. 1

Wei is a greeting used, in telephone conversations for "hello." Some
speakers pronounce this greeting as wài. Unlike most Chinese words, wèi
has no fixed tone. The intonation varies according to the speaker’s
mood.

Kēzhǎng: Ke means section, and Here are some examples of how -zhang, kē
kēzhǎng chǔ chǔzhǎng xuéxiào xiàozhǎng

zhǎng means head of an organization.

"chief," "head," is used:

section section chief

division division chief

school principal, headmaster

Nín shi něiwèi? Note the use of the polite terms nín and něiwèi. In the
English translation, politeness is expressed by the use of the more
indirect "Who is this" instead of "Who are you" and also by "please."

Hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn, "I haven’t seen you for quite a while," is changeable
with hǎo jiǔ měi jiàn.

inter-

2. A: Wǒ you dianr shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tǎntan.

I have something I would like to talk with you about in person.

Notes on No. 2

Gēn: In No. 2 the word gēn is a prepositional verb translated as "with."
The preposition gēn, "with," differs from the conjunction gēn, "and," in
two important ways: a) where stress may be placed b) where the negative
may be placed.

-   (a) When gēn is used as the conjunction "and," both items being
    joined are stressed and keep their tones. When gēn is used as the
    prepositional verb "with," a pronoun which follows is unstressed and
    loses its tone. Notice the contrasting tones on tā in the following
    sentences:

Wǒ gēn tā dōu lai le. Both he and I came.

Wǒ gēn ta lai.              I’ll come with him.

-   (b) To make negative a sentence containing the conjunction gēn,
    "and," the negative is placed with the main verb. In sentences
    containing the prepositional verb gēn, "with," the negative precedes
    the prepositional verb. (You have seen this pattern with other
    prepositional verbs, for example, zài Csee BIO, Unit 2, notes on
    Nos. 8-113.) Notice the contrasting positions of the negatives in
    the examples below:

Wǒ gēn tā dōu měiyou qù. Neither he nor I went.

Wǒ měiyou gēn ta qù. I didn’t go with him.

Dāngmiàn means "face-to-face." of," and miàn means "face."

Literally, dāng means "in the presence

-   3. A: Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu I don’t know whether you have the
    meiyou.                         time or not.

B: You gōngfu.                      I have the time.

Note on No. 3

Gōngfu, "time," "free time," "leisure time," refers to a period of time
during which a person is free, in the sense that his work may be
interrupted.

Now you know three words for "time": shíhou, shíjiān, gōngfu Shíhou may

be used for either a point in time or Nī shénme shíhou zǒu?

Zuò huǒchē yào zǒu duō-shao shíhou?

Shíjiān refers to any amount of time, free.

Cong zhèr dào fēijīchāng yào duōshao shíjiān?

Jīntiān měiyou shíjiān qù.

an amount of time.

When are you leaving?

How long does it take to go by train?

including the time when a person is

How long does it take from here to the airport?

There isn’t time to go today.

Gōngfu, however, is used only for amounts of time which a person has
available for his own use.

Nī you méiyou gōngfu gēn

wo tantan?

Are you free to talk with me?

4. A: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?

B: Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi.

What time would suit you?

Either today or tomorrow would be fine.

Notes on No, 4

Duì, "to," "towards," "with regard to," "with respect to," is a
prepositional verb which originally meant "facing." In modern Chinese,
its object introduces either the target of the action or the thing
concerned. Contrast this with gěi, "for": the object introduced by gěi
receives the benefit of the action. These generalizations may help you
sort out some of the differences between duì and gěi. You might find it
helpful to memorize some examples, as well.

duì INTRODUCING THE TARGET OF THE ACTION ("to")

Nīde huà shi duì shéi shuōde? To whom were you speaking?

Tā duì wo hen kèqi.               He is very polite to me.

Nī duì wo tài hǎo.                You are too good to me.

duì INTRODUCING THE THING CONCERNED ("with regard to," "with respect
to")

Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?     What time suits you?

Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? What time is convenient for you?

Notice that the English is "for you" in the last example, but in Chinese
you must say "What time is convenient with regard to you?"

gěi INTRODUCING THE BENEFICIARY

Wǒ gěi ta xiěle xìn le.          I wrote him a letter.

Zhè shi yìzhāng shíkuàide,       Here's a ten-dollar bill. Please

qīng ni gěi wo huànhuan.         change it for me.

Qīng ni gěi wo xiě nīde dìzhī. Would you write down your address for me,
please?

Héshì is an adjectival verb meaning "to fit," "to suit," "to be
suitable/appropriate." When trying on clothes in a store, you might say
Zhèige bù héshì, "This doesn't fit." In another situation, héshì could
be translated very freely as "best": Něitiān duì nín héshì? "What day
would be best for you?"

5. A: Jīntiān xiàwǔ liǎngdiǎn zhōng fāngbian ma?

B: Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fáng-bian yìdiǎnr.

Would two o’clock today be convenient?

Three would be more convenient than two.

Note on No. 5

Sāndiǎn bǐ liǎngdiǎn fāngbian yìdiǎnr: Bǐ is a prepositional verb used
to make comparisons between two things which are different.¹ In
translating, you may find it helpful to think of bǐ as the English
"compared with" or "than."² Notice that the bǐ phrase precedes the
adjectival verb or another predicate in a sentence.

  ------------ -------------------- ----------- -------------------
  Sāndiǎn      bǐ                   liǎngdiǎn   fāngbian yìdiǎnr.
  (3 o’clock   than compared with   2 o’clock   more convenient)
  ------------ -------------------- ----------- -------------------

"Three is more convenient than two."

  ----- -------------------- ---- ------ ------------
  Tā    bǐ                   wo   you    gōngfu.
  (he   than compared with   I    have   free time)
  ----- -------------------- ---- ------ ------------

"He has more free time than I do."

The two elements being compared may be nouns, pronouns, verb phrases, or
even full sentences. Actually, all elements Joined by bǐ act as nouns,
as seen in the English translations of the examples below.

  ------------- -------------------- ------------ -------
  Zuò fēijī     bǐ                   zuò huochē   kuài.
  (ride plane   than compared with   ride train   fast)
  ------------- -------------------- ------------ -------

"Going by plane is faster than going by train."

  ----------- -------------------- ------- -------------
  Nǐ lai      bi                   wǒ qù   fāngbian.
  (you come   than compared with   I go    convenient)
  ----------- -------------------- ------- -------------

"It’s more convenient for you to come than for me to go."

6. B: Yinwei wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu, yěxù Since I’m going out in a little
liǎngdiǎn huíbulái.            while, I might not (he able to)

get back by two.

A: Sāndiǎn zhōng yǎ hǎo.          Three is fine also.

Notes on No. 6

Yìhuǐr, "a little while": When r_ is added to a syllable ending in i_,
the pronunciation changes to /er/. Yìhuǐr is actually pronounced yìhuěr.

Sentence placement of time phrases: Wǒ yìhuǐr chūqu is translated as
"I’m going out IN a little while."Contrast this with wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr,
"I’m going out FOR a little while." Let’s review the placement of
different kinds of time expressions in a Chinese sentence.

If you want to say when something happens ("yesterday") or in how long
something happens ("in two years"), you are using time phrases which in
Chinese are considered to be POINTS IN TIME. Not only is a time phrase
such as "two o’clock" a point in time, but a phrase such as "five days"
can also be a point in time if the focus is on the end of this period of
time. In English, this focus is expressed by "in five days," "by the end
of five days," or "at the end of five days." In Chinese, you do not need
to use words such as "in," "at," or "by" because the position of the
time phrase in the sentence indicates the meaning. Time phrases which
are considered points in time are placed BEFORE THE VERB.

WHEN (a point in time)

Wǒ zuōtiān kànjian ta le.      I saw him yesterday.

Wǒ cóngqián láiguo zhèli.      I have been here before.

Wǒ liǎngdiǎn zhōng huílai.     I’ll be back at two o’clock.

Wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng huíbulái.      I can’t make it back by one o’clock.

AT THE END OF/BY THE END OF (a period of time which is treated as a
point in time because the focus is on the end point)

Wǒ sāntiān Jiu zuòwán le. I finished doing it in (by the end of) three
days.

Wǒ wǔfēn zhōng Jiu zou.        I’m leaving in fat the end of) five

minutes.

Ni jítiān huilai?              In (at the end of) how many days will

you come back?

Ni duōJ iǔ kéyi xiěwán?         How long will it be before you can

finish writing it? (by the end of how long)

On the other hand, phrases which express CONTINUATION OF TIME have a
different place in sentences. To express an amount of time which passes,
put the time expression AFTER THE VERB.

DURATION (the length of time something continues)

Wǒ xiǎng gēn tā tán yìhuìr. I would like to talk with him for awhile.

Tā zài Xiānggǎng zhùle yíge She stayed in Hong Kong for one week.
xīngqī.

TIME SINCE (the length of time which has passed since something
happened)

Tā sìle sānnián le.            He died three years ago.

Wǒ zudwánle yíge zhòngtou le. It has been an hour since I finished.

Because yìhuir follows the verb in wǒ chūqu yìhuǐr, it indicates the
length of time which will pass after I go out (chūqu). Yìhuìr precedes
the verb in wǒ yìhuìr chūqu, indicating when I will go out (”in a little
while").

Yěxǔ literally means "perhaps." The word is often used where "may" or
"might" tfould be appropriate in English.

Yěxǔ liǎngdiān huíbulái, "I might not (be able to) get back by two":
Notice that this expression liǎngdiān, in time-when position, before the
verb, means "by" a certain time. Other time phrases in this position may
also mean "by" a certain time.

Huíbulái is another form of huílái, "to come back." Compound verbs of
result may be split by the negative bu or the syllable de. Huílái may
become either huídelái, "can come back"/³" or huíbulái, "can’t come
back." These two forms are called the potential forms of the verb; that
is, the meaning "can/be able to" or "cannot/unable to" becomes part of
the meaning of the compound. The following are examples of compound
verbs of result and their potential forms.

  ----------- -----------------------------
  huílái      to come back
  huídelái    able to come back
  huíbulái    not able to come back
  kànjian     to see
  kàndejiàn   able to see
  kànbujiàn   not able to see
  láidejí     able to make it on time
  láibují³    not able to make it on time
  ----------- -----------------------------

zuòwán zuòdewán

zuòbuwan

to finish doing

able to finished doing, able to be completed

not able to finish doing, not able to be completed

Compound verbs of direction may also occur in the potential form:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| nábushànglái                      | can’t carry up Lto where you are] |
|                                   | (i.e., because something is too   |
|                                   | heavy or bulky)                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| kāideshǎngqu                      | can drive up Caway from you!      |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | (i.e., it is not too steep)       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| kāidechūlāi                       | can drive out                     |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | (i.e., the parking place is not   |
|                                   | too tight)                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| nǎbuxiàlāi                        | can’t get CitJ down               |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | (i.e., because it is too high,    |
|                                   | bolted on, etc.)                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zǒudexiàqu                        | can walk down                     |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | (i.e., because it is not too far  |
|                                   | or too steep)                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Notice that the last syllables of these compound verbs (except for
toneless QU) HAVE FULL TONES WHEN THEY OCCUR WITH -DE- AND -BU-.

J. B: Name, wo sāndiǎn zhōng zài Well then, I’ll wait for you in the
lóuxiàde huìkèshì děng nín. reception room downstairs at three o’clock.

A: Hǎo, sāndiǎn jiàn.              Fine. I’ll see you at three.

Notes on No. 7

Word order: The first sentence of exchange 7 illustrates the rule
TIME—PLACE—ACTION.

Huìkèshì is also pronounced huìkèshì.

  ----- ------------- --------------------------------
  8.    huídelái      to be able to get back in time
  9-    kòng(r)       free time, spare time
  10.   loushàng      upstairs
  11.   shāngliang    to discuss, to talk over
  12.   you kòng(r)   to have free time
  ----- ------------- --------------------------------

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Here are some sentences illustrating the use of these vocabulary items:

Ni sāndiǎn zhōng huídelái Can you make it back by three o’clock?
huíbulái?

Loushàng hái ySu rén?          Are there still people upstairs?

Wǒ xiǎng he nǐ shāngliang I would like to talk over a matter yíjiàn shi.
                    with you.

Nǐ Jīntiān xiàwǔ you kòngr Do you have time this afternoon? ma?

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ you dian shi xiǎng gēn nín dāngmiàn tantan.

(cue) Zhang Kēzhang (I have something I

would like to talk with you about in person.)

-   2. WǑ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

tā

-   3. Wo you diǎn shi xiang gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan.

Wèi Wuguān

U. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiang gēn Wèi Wuguān dāngmiàn tántan.

Wáng Shàoxiào

-   5. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.

LÍn Xiānsheng

-   6. Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Lin Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan. Lift
    Kēzhǎng

-   7. Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

You: Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

(I have something I would like to talk with Section Chief Zhāng about in
person.)

Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn tā dāngmiàn tántan.

Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wèi Wuguān tántan.

Wǒ you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Wáng Shàoxiào dāngmiàn tántan.

Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn LÍn Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan.

Wo you diǎn shi xiǎng gēn Liu Kēzhǎng dāngmiàn tántan.

-   B. Transformation Drill

1. Speaker: Nín míngtiān lái ma? (Are you coming tomorrow?)

OR Tā zǒu le ma?

(Has he gone?)

You: Bù zhīdào nín míngtiān lái bu lái.

(I don’t know whether you are coming tomorrow or not.)

Bù zhīdào tā zǒu le meiyou.

(I don’t know whether he has gone or not.)

  ---- ---------------------- -----------------------------------
  2.   Nín you gōngfu ma?     Bù zhīdào nín you gōngfu meiyou.
  3.   Tā zuotiān qù le ma?   Bù zhīdào tā zuotiān qù le meiyou
  U.   Tā you qiān ma?        Bù zhīdào tā you qiān meiyou.
  5.   Tā hāi yào ma?         Bù zhīdào tā hāi yào bu yào.
  6.   Tā mǎi le ma?          Bù zhīdào tā mǎi le meiyou.
  ---- ---------------------- -----------------------------------

-   C. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?

(cue) sāndiǎn

(What time would suit you?)

-   2. Xīngqījǐ duì nín héshì? Xīngqīèr

-   3. Zài jīlóu duì nín héshì? wǔlōu

U. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān

-   5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? zǎoshang

-   6. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? wǎnshang

-   7. Jǐdiǎn duì nín héshì?

shídiǎn

You: Sāndiǎn duì nín héshì ma?

(Would three o’clock suit you?)

Xīngqīèr duì nín héshì ma?

Zài wǔlou duì nín héshì ma?

Míngtiān duì nín héshì ma?

Zǎoshang duì nín héshì ma?

Wǎnshang duì nín héshì ma?

Shídiǎn duì nín héshì ma?

-   D. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì?

(cue) jīntiān

(What time would suit you?)

-   2. Jīdiān duì nín héshì? sāndiān

-   3. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīyī

U. Jīhào duì nín héshì? sìhào

-   5. Shénme shíhou duì nín héshì? shàngwǔ

-   6. Něitiān duì nín héshì? míngtiān

-   7. Xīngqījī duì nín héshì? Xīngqīliù

You; Jīntiān, míngtiān dōu kéyi (Either today or tomorrow would be
fine.)

Sāndiān, sìdiān dōu kéyi.

Xīngqīyī, Xīngqīèr dōu kéyi.

Sìhào, wǔhào dōu kéyi.

Shàngwǔ, xiàwǔ dōu kéyi.

Míngtiān, hòutiān dōu kéyi.

Xīngqīliù, Xīngqītiān dōu kéyi.

E. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shénme dìfang duì nín fāngbian?

(cue) léushàng

(What place would be convenient for you?)

-   2. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? sāndiān

-   3. Jīhào duì nín fāngbian? liùhào

-   U. Něitiān duì nín fāngbian? míngtiān

-   5. Shénme shíhou duì nín fāngbian? shàngwǔ

You: Loushàng duì nín fāngbian, háishi léuxià duì nín fāngbian?

(Would upstairs or downstairs be more convenient for you?)

Sāndiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi sìdiān duì nín fāngbian?

Liùhào duì nín fāngbian, háishi qíhào duì nín fāngbian?

Míngtiān duì nín fāngbian, háishi hòutiān duì nín fāngbian?

Shàngwǔ duì nín fāngbian, háishi xiàwǔ duì nín fāngbian?

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 6. Xīngqījī duì nín fangbian?     | Xingqīsān duì nín fāngbian,       |
|                                   | hǎishi Xīngqīsì duì nín fāngbian? |
| Xīngqīsān                         |                                   |
|                                   | Jiùdiǎn duì nín fāngbian, hǎishi  |
| 7. Jīdiǎn duì nín fāngbian?       | shídiǎn duì nín fāngbian?         |
|                                   |                                   |
| Jiùdiǎn                           | You:' Sāndiǎn bī sìdiǎn fāngbian  |
|                                   | yìdiǎn.                           |
| F. Expansion Drill                |                                   |
|                                   | (Three o’clock is a little more   |
| -   1. Speaker: Sāndiǎn fāngbian  | convenient than four o’clock.)    |
|     yìdiǎn. (cue) sìdiǎn          |                                   |
|                                   | Sānhào bī wuhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.  |
| (Three o’clock is a little more   |                                   |
| convenient.)                      | Lōushàng bī lōuxià fāngbian       |
|                                   | yìdiǎn.                           |
| -   2. Sānhào fāngbian yìdiǎn.    |                                   |
|                                   | Tāde qiǎn bī wǒde duo yìdiǎn.     |
| wuhào                             |                                   |
|                                   | Tā qù bī wo qù hǎo yìdiǎn.        |
| -   3. Loushàng fāngbian yìdiǎn.  |                                   |
|                                   | Tā bī wǒ dà yìdiǎn.               |
| lǒuxià                            |                                   |
|                                   | Zhèige bī nèige dà yìdiǎn.        |
| U. Tāde qiǎn duo yìdiǎn.    wǒde  |                                   |
|                                   | You: Tā shuōde bī wǒ kuài yìdiǎn. |
| -   5. Tā qù hǎo yìdiǎn.    wǒ qù |                                   |
|                                   | (He speaks a little faster than I |
| -   6. Tā dà yìdiǎn. wǒ           | do.)                              |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   7. Zhèige dà yìdiǎn.    nèige | Tā lǎide bī wǒ zǎo yìdiǎn.        |
|                                   |                                   |
| G. Expansion Drill                | Tā zoude bī wǒ wǎn yìdiǎn.        |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   1. Speaker: Tā shuōde kuài    | Tā zuòde bī wǒ hǎo yìdiǎn.        |
|     yìdiǎn.                       |                                   |
|                                   | Tā mǎide bī wǒ shǎo yìdiǎn.       |
| (He speaks a little fast.)        |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   2. Tā lǎide zǎo yìdiǎn.       |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   3. Tā zoude wǎn yìdiǎn.       |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| k.  Tā zuōde hǎo yìdiǎn.          |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| 5.  Tā mǎide shǎo yìdiǎn.         |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

-   6. Tā màide duō yìdiǎn.

Tā màide bi wǒ duō yìdiǎn.

-   7. Tā xuéde màn yìdiǎn.

Tā xuéde bi wǒ màn yìdiǎn.

-   H. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nǐ shénme shíhou chūqu? (What time are you going out?)

OR Nǐ chūqu duō jiu?

(For how long are you going out?)

-   2. Ni shénme shíhou chūlai?

-   3. Ni qù duō jiu?

U.  Tā shénme shíhou lai?

5.  Tā kàn duó jiu?

6.  Ni shénme shíhou zǒu?

You: Wǒ yìhuǐr jiù chūqu.

(I’m going out in Just a little while.)

Wǒ Jiù chūqu yìhuir.

(I’m Just going out for a little while.)

Wǒ yìhuir jiù chūlai.

Wo jiù qù yìhuir.

Tā yìhuir jiù lái.

Tā Jiù kǎn yìhuir.

Wǒ yìhuir Jiù zǒu.

I. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiānsheng míngtiān huídelái huíbulái?

(Will Mr. Zhāng be able to come back tomorrow?)

-   2. Wang Nushì Xíngqīsì huídelái huíbulái?

-   3. Li Tōngzhì shíyīdiǎn huídelái huíbulái?

-   4. LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshihào huídelái huíbulái?

-   5. Wèi Shàoxiào zhèige yuè huídelái huíbulái?

You: Zhāng Xiānsheng hòutiān cái huílai.

(Mr. Zhāng won’t be able to come back until day after tomorrow.)

Wáng Nushì XÍngqīwǔ cái huílai.

Li Tōngzhì shíèrdiǎn cái huílai.

LÍn Kēzhǎng èrshiyīhào cái huílai

Wèi Shàoxiào xiàge yuè cái huílai

-   6. Yáng Xiānsheng zaoshang huídelái Yang Xiānsheng wǎnshang cái
    huílái. huíbulái?

-   7. Zhào Tǒngzhì jīntiān huídelái Zhao Tǒngzhì míngtiān cái huílái.
    huíbulái?

    -   J. Expansion Drill

    -   1. Speaker: Name, wǒ zài zhèr děng nín.

    (cue) in a moment

    (in that case, I’ll wait for you here.)

    -   2. Name, wǒ zài lǒuxià deng ta. for a moment

    -   3. Name, wǒ zài lǒushàng děng ta. at one o’clock

    U. Name, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín. for ten minutes

    -   5. Nàme, wǒ zài tā jiā děng nín. in a moment

    -   6. Nàme, wǒ zài xiāomàibù děng nín. for five minutes

    -   7. Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta. for a moment

    You: Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài zhèr děng nín.

    (In that case, in a moment I’11 wait for you here.)

    Nàme, wǒ zài lǒuxià děng ta yìhuīr.

    Nàme, wǒ yìdiǎn zhōng zài lǒushàng děng ta.

    Nàme, wǒ zài tā nàr děng nín shífēn zhōng.

    Nàme, wǒ yìhuīr zài tā jiā děng nín

    Nàme, wǒ zài xiǎcmàibù děng nín wǔfēn zhōng.

    Nàme, wǒ zài zhèr děng ta yìhuīr.

    UNIT 2

    REFERENCE LIST

(in Beijing)

-   1. C: Wei, Meidàsī.

-   A: Wo shi Jiānǎdà Dàshiguǎnde Qiǎozhì Dǎfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiǎng
    gēn Wǎng Kēzhǎng jiǎngyijiang.

-   2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì.

-   C: Deng tā kāiwān huì wǒ gàosong tā gēi ni hui diànhuà.

-   3. A: Hǎo, xièxie ni.

-   C: Bú xiè.

U. B: Duìbuqī, Jīntiān zǎoshang ni dǎ diànhuà laide shíhou wǒ zài kāi
huì, mēi shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.

A: Mēi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào ni hen mǎng.

-   5. A: Wǒ gēi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tǎntan.

-   B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?

-   6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?

-   B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.

-   7. A: Zài nǎr jiàn ne?

-   B: Liǎngdiǎn zhōng qīng ni dào wǒ zhèr lǎi, xíng bu xíng?

A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng Jiàn.

Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.

I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like
to discuss with Section Chief Wǎng.

Oh, she is at a meeting now.

When she is finished with the meeting, I will tell her to return your
call.

Fine. Thank you.

Don’t mention it.

I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and
didn’t have time to speak with you.

It doesn’t matter. I know you are very busy.

The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.

All right. When?

Would tomorrow be all right for you?

Any time tomorrow afternoon would be fine.

Where shall we meet?

Please come over here at two o’clock. All right?

Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

  ----- ------------------ ------------------------------------
  8.    guānxi             relation, relationship, connection
  9.    Jiang huà          to speak, to talk; a speech
  10.   língshiguan        consulate
  11.   shìqing (yíjiàn)   matter, business, affair
  12.   sizhang            department chief
  13.   you guānxi         to relate to, to have a bearing on
  ----- ------------------ ------------------------------------

to matter

[]

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bū xiè                            | don’t mention it                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dàshi guan diànhuà                | embassy                           |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | telephone, phone call             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| guānxi                            | relation, relationship,           |
|                                   | connection                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -jiàn                             | (counter for matters, business,   |
|                                   | affairs)                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Jiang                             | to discuss (something), to talk   |
|                                   | about (something)                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Jiang huà                         | to speak, to talk; a speech       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| kāi huì kāiwān huì                | to attend a meeting to finish a   |
|                                   | meeting                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| līngshiguǎn                       | consulate                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Měidàsī                           | Department of American and        |
|                                   | Oceanic Affairs                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| méi guānxi mùdi                   | it doesn’t matter                 |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | reason, objective, purpose        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shi (yíjiàn) shìqing (yíjiàn)     | matter, business, affair matter,  |
| shuō huà sīzhang                  | business, affair to speak         |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | department chief                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| you guānxi                        | to relate, to have a bearing on,  |
|                                   | to matter                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zài                               | in the midst of (marker of        |
|                                   | ongoing action)                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced, on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| chī dàxuéshēng diànhuà hàomǎ dù   | to eat                            |
| jià hòulái lāodòng Qíngbàosī      |                                   |
|                                   | college student                   |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | telephone number                  |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to spend one’s vacation           |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | later                             |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to do manual labor                |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | Intelligence Bureau (part of the  |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shēnghuó tóngyì                   | life                              |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to agree                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

REFERENCE NOTES

-   1. C: Wèi, Měidàsī.

-   A: Wǒ shi Jiānádà Dàshíguǎnde Qiáozhì Dáfēi. Wo you yíjiàn shi xiang
    gēn Wáng Kēzhǎng JiǎngyiJiǎng.

Hello. Department of American and Oceanic Affairs.

I am George Duffy of the Canadian Embassy. I have something I would like
to discuss with Section Chief Wáng.

Notes on No. 1

Měidàsī: In Chinese, abbreviations are made up of one syllable from each
word in a term. In Měidàsī, měi stands for Měizhōu, ’’American
continent.” Dà stands for Dàyángzhōu, ’’Oceania” (the islands of the
South Central Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand). The ending
sī means ’’department." It is used only within organizations on the
national level.

Dàshiguǎn: The word guǎn means ' fànguǎn, an establishment where food
the use of guǎn.

dàshǐ dàshiguǎn līngshì língshiguan zhǎnlǎn zhǎnlǎnguǎn

Notice that the shi in dàshiguǎn and tones.

'building” or ’’establishment," as in

is sold. The examples below illustrate

ambassador

embassy

consul consulate

exhibit exhibition hall

.e ^(s)hì in lǐngshiguǎn lose their

Yíjiàn shi: The counter -Jiàn in this expression is also the counter for
luggage. Yíjiàn shi literally means "a piece of business."

Jiang and Jiang huà: The English word "speak," meaning the activity in
general, must be translated into Chinese with a verb and its GENERAL
OBJECT: Jiǎng huà In other uses, the verb "to speak," Jiǎng, may be
followed by a specific object or a phrase showing duration, or it may be
changed into a multisyllabic verb, such as Jiǎngyijiǎng. Other verbs
which are used the same way are shuō huà, xiě zi, and niàn shū.

Tā zài Jiǎng Zhōngguode        He is talking about Chinese affairs,

shìqing.

Tā yījīng Jiǎngle bù shǎo. He has already said a lot.

Tāde Jiǎng huà hen you yìsi. His talk was very interesting.

Jiǎng is not used to say that someone said something. Instead, shuō is
used.

Tā shuō tā bù néng lái.        He said he could not come.

-   2. C: Ou, tā xiànzài zài kāi huì. Oh, she is at a meeting now.

C: Deng tā kāiwán huì wǒ gàosong When she is finished with the meet-tā
gěi ni hui diànhuà.         ing, I will tell her to return

your call.

Notes on No. 2

To make ongoing-action sentences negative, use bù.

zài, use shi bu shi zài

zài...ma, or zài bu zai.

To form a question with

Zài is the aspect marker for ongoing actions. It indicates that the
action is in progress. The corresponding verb in the English translation
usually ends in -ing. Zài is used only with verbs which express actual
dynamic action. State and process verbs may not be used with zài. Many

action verbs may

be used with zài,

but some

do not have enough "action"

to be used (e.g.,

"sitting").

Tā láide

shíhou, nǐ zài

When

he came, you were studying.

niàn shu.

Tāmen zài

kàn diànyǐng.

They

are watching a movie.

Tāmen zài

hē kāfēi.

They

are drinking coffee.

Tāmen zài

shàng kè.

They

are having class.

Zài is placed in

front of the verb

, unlike other aspect markers, such as

le, guo, and de.

Xuésheng zài shàng kè ma?

Tāmen bú zài shàng kè, yǐjīng zǒu le.

Tā láide shíhou, nǐ shi bu shi zài niàn shū?

Bù, bú zài niàn shū, yǐjīng wánr qu le.

Tā zài bu zai kàn diànshì?

Are the students having class?

They are not having class. They have already left.

Weren’t you studying when he came over?

No, I wasn’t studying. I had already gone out to play.

Is he watching television?

The aspect marker zài and the aspect marker ne often occur in the same
sentence, indicating absence of change.

Tā zài kàn bào ne.              She is reading the paper.

Sometimes ne is used without zài.

Tā kàn bào ne.                  She is reading the paper.

Deng, literally "to wait": In the second sentence of No. 2, the verb
děng is used at the beginning of a phrase to mean "when." Deng may be
used with de shíhou, "when," in the same phrase. Often, the second part
of a sentence beginning with děng will contain an adverb meaning
"then"—Jiù, zài, or cái.

Děng nǐ kànwán bàozhǐ, women chūqu. mǎi cài.

Xue Yīngwén nan bu nan?

Děng nǐ xuéde shíhou jiù zhīdao le.

When you have finished the paper, we will go out to buy groceries.

Is it hard to learn English?

When you study it, then you’ll know.

Ni bu shi you yijiàn shi yao Don’t you have something you want gàosong
wǒ ma?                 to tell me?

Děng chīwán fan zài shuō. Wait until we finish eating; then we’ll talk
about it.

The translation of děng as ’’wait until," in the last example above,
might

suggest that the word is used only in used in past contexts:

Zuǒtiān tā měiyou he ni yìqǐ.qù kàn diànyīng ma?

Meiyou. Děng tā huílaide shíhou dōu shíyīdiān le.

Zuotiān tā bādiǎn zhōng cái hui jiā. Děng tā hui Jiā women cái zuò fan,
nǐ xiǎng jīdiǎn cái chī fan.’

future contexts. But děng is also

Didn’t he go out with you to a movie last night?

No. It was already eleven o’clock when he got home.

Yesterday he didn’t get home until eight o’clock. We didn’t fix dinner
until he got home; so imagine what time it was when we ate!

Kāi huì, "to meet," "to hold a meeting," is an example of a verb and its
general object.

Kāiwán, "finish holding Lthe meeting]": Wán is the verb "to finish." It
is used as an ending in a compound verb of result in No. 2.⁴ Wán
expresses the idea of "over," "up," as in "Class is over," "All the
paper has been used up."

But be careful: wán is not used as a main verb when an object follows
the verb. Instead of saying "finish this," using wán by itself, you
would say bā zhèige chǐwán, "finish eating this"; bǎ zhèige zuòwán,
"finish doing this"; or bǎ zhèige kànwán, "finish reading this."

Wan may sometimes be used as a main verb when there is no object, as in
Diànyǐng wán le, "The movie is finished." But far more often wán occurs
as an ending which indicates result.

Diànhuà (literally, "electric speech") may mean either "telephone" or
"telephone call."

Hui diànhuà, "to return a phone call," "to call back": You have learned
the verb hui, "to return," as in Nǐ shenme shíhou huíqu? "When are you
going back?" In No. 2, hui takes a direct object, diànhuà. Compare hui
diànhuà with da diànhuà, "to make a phone call," which is found in
exchange U.

Gěi ni huí diànhuà, "call you 'back": You have learned the prepositional
verb gěi, meaning "for Cthe benefit of]." In gěi ni huí diànhuà, gěi is
translated as "to." Because there are two meanings for gěi, occasionally
a sentence may be ambiguous. For example, Wǒ gěi ta jìqule liǎngbāo
cháyè means either "I sent two packages of tea to him" or "I mailed out
two packages of tea for him."

Duì is also translated as "to." Duì introduces the target; gěi
introduces the receiver. In other words, duì expresses the intended
direction but does not necessarily imply that the target is reached. Gěi
usually implies receiving, as you might expect, since it means "give" as
a full verb.

You use gěi to indicate the receiver when you say

gěi ta da diànhuà

gěi ta xiě yìfēng xìn

gěi ta mǎile yige fángzi

telephone her write her a letter bought her a house

But, to indicate the target, you say

duì ta hao duì ta kěqi duì ta shēngqì

be nice to her be polite to him get angry at her

Notice that duì is used especially to indicate the target of feelings
and attitudes, while gěi is used with actions such as calling, mailing,
and sending.

Fine. Thank you.

Don’t mention it.

-   3. A: Hao, xièxie ni. C: Bú xiè.

Note on No. 3

Bú xiě is an idiom meaning something like "don’t thank Cmel."
(Literally, "Don’t thank me" would be Bié xiě wǒ.)

H. B: Duìbuqǐ, jīntiān zǎoshang nǐ dǎ diànhuà láide shíhou w3 zài kāi
huì, mei shíjiān gēn ni shuō huà.

A: Mēi guānxi. Wǒ zhīdào nǐ hen máng.

I’m sorry. When you called here this morning, I was in a meeting and
didn’t have time to speak with you.

It doesn’t matter. I know you are very "busy.

Notes on No. U

Dǎ diànhuà means "to make a phone call. ’’ (Literally, dǎ means "to
hit.")

Wǒ zuotiān wǎnshang gēi Mǎ I called Mrs. Mǎ last night.

Tàitai dǎle yige diànhuà.

Wǒ dǎ liǎngge diànhuà jiù I'll be right there after I make lai.
                           a couple of phone calls.

Shuō huà, "to speak," is a verb with a general object—literally, "speak
words." Verb + general object is often translated into English by a verb
alone: niàn shū, "to study"; kāi chē, "to drive."

Mei guānxi: Other translations for this very useful expression are
"that’s okay," "don't worry about it," "it doesn’t make any difference."
Literally, mēi guānxi would be translated as "there isn't any
connection."

5. A: Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.

B: Hǎo a. Shénme shíhou a?

The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in person.

All right. When?

Note on No. 5

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi...: In English, the word "reason," or
"purpose," begins the phrase, with the modifying clause following. In
Chinese, everything modifying "the purpose" precedes mùdi.

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuà -de mùdi shi ....

(The reason why I called you is . . . .)

Mùdi, "purpose," "aim," "objective": Although translated idiomatically
as "reason" in exchange 5, mùdi does not really mean "reason"/"cause."
The English terms should be translated as yuányǐn: wǒ láiwǎnde yuányǐn,
"the reason I came late"

6. A: Míngtiān duì ni héshì ma?

B: Míngtiān xiàwǔ shénme shíhou dōu kéyi.

Would tomorrow be all right for you? Any time tomorrow afternoon would
be fine.

Note on No. 6

Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi, ’’anytime is okay’’ (more literally, "whatCeverl
time, all is okay”), illustrates a pattern for expressing the idea of
"any" in Chinese: a question word, such as shéi, shénme, nār, and
něitiān, followed by dōu, "all."

Shéi dōu néng qù.               Anyone can go.

Nǎr dōu kéyi.                   Anyplace will do.

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Shénme dōu kéyi.                  | Anything will do. Any day is      |
|                                   | good.                             |
| Něitiān dōu hāo.                  |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Zěnme zuò dōu hāo.                | Any way (you) do it is fine.      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

The ideas of "nobody," "nowhere," "nothing," and "none" are expressed by
adding bù or méi after dōu in the pattern above.

Shéi dōu bú yào zōu.           Nobody wants to leave.

Nār dōu bu duì.                 No place is right.

Zěnme dōu bù xíng.             No way will do.

Shénme dōu méiyou.             There is nothing.

The "any/no" expression need not be the subject of a sentence; it may
also be the object. Even if the expression is the direct object, it must
precede the verb.

Tā shéi dōu xīhuan.            He likes anyone/everyone.

Wǒ nār dōu bu qù.               I won’t go anywhere.

Nèige shāngdiàn shénme dōu That store sells everything, mài.

Tā něige dōu bù xìhuan.        He doesn’t like either/any of them.

(As objects, many of these expressions must be translated as
"every....")

An "any/no" expression may also be the object of a prepositional verb.

Wǒ gēn shéi dōu méi shuō huà. I didn’t speak with anyone.

7. A: Zài nǎr Jiàn ne?

B: Liangdiǎn zhōng qǐng ni dào wǒ zhèr lái, xíng bu xíng?

A: Hǎo. Míngtiān liǎngdiǎn zhōng jiàn.

Where shall we meet?

Please come over here at two o’clock.

All right?

Okay. See you tomorrow at two o’clock.

Notes on No. 7

Dào wǒ zhèr lái means, literally, "come over to the place where I am."
While plurals such as women zhèr and nlmen nàr often refer to
institutions, the singular wǒ zhèr, nǐ nàr, and tā nàr usually refer to
any place where a person might be. In an office shared by two people,
for instance, you could say Wǒ zhèr meiyou Yīng-Hàn zìdiǎn; nín nàr you
méiyou? "I don’t have an English-Chinese dictionary over here; do you
have one over there?"

Dào, like zài, is a verb which requires a place word as its object.
Sentences like "Come over here to me" and "Go over there to Mr. Wáng"
must be translated as Dào wǒ zhèr lái and Dào Wáng Xiānsheng nar qù.
Zhèr and nàr make wǒ and Wáng Xiānsheng parts of place-word phrases.

  ----- ------------------ -------------------------------------
  8.    guānxi             relation, relationship, connection
  9-    Jiǎng huà          to speak, to talk; a speech
  10.   lìngshiguǎn        consulate
  11.   shìqing (yíjiàn)   matter, business, affair
  12.   sīzhǎng            department chief
  13.   you guānxi         to relate to, to have a bearing on,
  ----- ------------------ -------------------------------------

to matter

Note on Additional Required Vocabulary

You guānxi: To talk about the relationship of two things, use
...gēn...you guānxi or ...he...you guānxi.

Lǐngshiguǎn he dàshiguǎn What is the relationship between you
shénmeyàngde guānxi? the consulate and the embassy?

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Occupations

accountant

actor, actress architect athlete

author, writer

barher blue-collar worker builder businessman

carpenter

chemical engineer civil engineer civil servant composer cook customs
official

diplomat doctor

(newspaper) editor electrical engineer electrician employee, clerk,
attendant

farmer, peasant fisherman

gardener governess government minister

housewife

lawyer

manager mayor mechanic mechanical engineer movie star musician

kuàijìshī yǎnyuán jiànzhùshī yùndòngyuán zuōj iā

līfàshī, lǐfàde gōngrén

yíngzàoshāng shāngrén

mùjiang, mùgōng huàxué gōngchéngshī tǔmù gōngchéngshī gōngwùyuán zuòqǔj
iā

chúshī hǎiguān guānyuán

wàij iāoguān dàifu, yīshēng

biānji

diànjǐ gōngchéngshī diàngōng fúwùyuán

nongmín yumín

yuándīng, huājiàng bǎomǔ

bùzhǎng

Jiātíng zhǔfù, jiātíng fùnu lushī

J īnglī shizhang jīxièshī, jīxièyuán jīxiè gōngchéngshī diànyīng
míngxīng yīnyuèj iā

nuclear engineer nurse

office staff worker (Chinese) opera performer

painter (artist) pharmacist pilot policeman postman professor

reporter

sailor salesman secretary servant shoemaker shoe repairman store clerk,
salesperson

teacher typist

(star) vocalist

waiter, waitress

hézǐ gōngchéngshī hùshi

zhíyuán

Jīngjù yǎnyuán

huàjiā yàojìshī fēixíngyuán jǐngchá yóudìyuán jiàoshòu

Jìzhě

hǎiyuán, shuǐshǒu, chuányuán tuīxiāoyuán

mìshū

yòngren

xiéjiàngshīfu xiūxiéde shòuhuòyuán

j iàoyuán dazìyuán

gēxīng

fàndiàn fúwùyuán

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (cue) dǎ diànhuà

(He is at a meeting now.)

-   2. Tā xiànzài zài dā diànhuà. děng ni

-   3. Tā xiànzài zài děng ni. gēn Wang Xiānsheng shuō huà

U. Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà. gōngzuò

-   5. Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò. J iǎng huà

-   6. Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà. huàn qián

-   7. Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.

You: Tā xiànzài zài da diànhuà.

(He is making a phone call now.)

Tā xiànzài zài děng ni.

Tā xiànzài zài gēn Wáng Xiānsheng shuō huà.

Tā xiànzài zài gōngzuò.

Tā xiànzài zài Jiang huà.

Tā xiànzài zài huàn qián.

-   B. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā xiànzài zài kāi hui. (cue) yìhuǐr

(He is at a meeting now.)

-   2. Wáng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài Jiang huà. xiàwǔ

-   3. Zhāng Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xué Zhōngguo huà. shàngwǔ

U. Mǎ Kēzhǎng xiànzài zài dǎ diànhuà. míngtiān

You: Yìhuǐr qǐng tā gěi wǒ huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

(In a little while please ask him to call me back. All right?)

Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

Shàngwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

Míngtiān qǐng ta gěi wo huí ge diànhuà, hǎo bu haō?

-   5. Wang Tōngzhì xiànzài zài gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jiǎnghuà. yìhuǐr

-   6. Lǐ Nushì xiànzài zài gēn Wang Dàshī kāi huì. jīntiān

-   7. Zhū Tōngzhì xiànzài zài xuē Zhōngwén. xiàwǔ

Yìhuǐr qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo hu hǎo?

Jīntiān qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

Xiàwǔ qǐng ta gěi wo hui ge diànhuà, hǎo bu hǎo?

C. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tantan.

(I would like to talk with you in person.)

-   2. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni yíjiàn shi.

-   3. Wǒ xiǎng wen ni Jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu.

-   U. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.

-   5. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi.

-   6. Wǒ xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng you gōngfu meiyou.

-   7. Wǒ xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.

You: Wǒ gěi ni dS diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.

(The reason I called you is that I would like to talk with you in
person.)

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni yíjiàn shi.

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni jǐdiǎn zhōng you gōngfu.

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni yìdiǎnr shi.

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng wèn ni sāndiǎn zhōng you gōngfu
meiyou.

Wǒ gěi ni dǎ diànhuàde mùdi shi xiǎng gēn ni dāngmiàn tántan.

D. Substitution Drill

You: Shéi dōu kéyi.

(Anyone would be fine.)

-   1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (cue) shéi

(Any time would be fine.)

-   2. Shéi dōu kéyi.    nǎr               Nǎr dōu kéyi.

-   3. Nǎr dōu kéyi.     něige             Něige dōu kéyi.

-   U.  Něige dōu kéyi.   shénme dìfang     Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.

-   5. Shénme dìfang dōu kéyi.             Duōshao dōu kéyi.

duōshao

-   6. Duōshao dōu kéyi. dué jiǔ        Dué jiǔ dōu kéyi.

-   7. Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.

-   E. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shénme shíhou dōu kéyi. (cue) any length of time

(Any time would be fine.)

-   2. Jīdiǎn zhōng dōu kéyi. any number of hours

-   3. Něitiān dōu kéyi. any number of days

-   4. Něiniǎn dōu kéyi. any number of years

-   5. Xīngqījī dōu kéyi. any number of weeks

-   6. Jīhào dōu kéyi.

any number of days

-   7. Jīyuè dōu kéyi.

any number of months

You: Duo jiǔ dōu kéyi.

(Any length of time would be fine.)

Jīge zhōngtou dōu kéyi.

Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.

Jīniǎn dōu kéyi.

Jīge xīngqī dōu kéyi.

Duōshao tiān dōu kéyi.

Jīge yuè dōu kéyi.

F. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Women míngtiān zài zhèr jiàn ne, hǎishi zài nàr Jiàn ne?

(cue) nǎr

(Shall we meet here or there tomorrow?)

-   2. Wōmen zuò huochē qù ne, haishi zuò fēijī qù ne? zǎnme

-   3. Women míngtiān Jiùdiǎn zhōng Jiàn ne, hǎishi shidiǎn zhōng Jiàn
    ne? jǐdiǎn zhōng

U. Women zuò qìchē qù ne, hǎishi zuò huōchē qù ne? shenme chē

-   5. Women míngtiān qù ne, hǎishi hòutiān qù ne? nǎitiān

-   6. Women Xīngqīyī qù ne, hǎishi Xīngqīèr qù ne?

xlngqījī

-   7. Women zuò fēijī qù ne, hǎishi zuò huōchē qù ne? zenme

You: Zài nǎr Jiàn dōu kǎyi.

(Anywhere would be fine.)

Zenme qù dōu keyi.

Jidiǎn zhōng Jiàn dōu kǎyi.

Shenme chē dōu kǎyi.

Nǎitiān qù dōu kǎyi.

XīngqīJÍ qù dōu kǎyi.

Zenme qù dōu kǎyi.

G. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shǎi lǎi? (Who is coming?)

-   2. Shǎnme dìfang bù hǎo?

-   3. Neige dìfang kǎyi?

U. Shǎi bú hui?

-   5. Nǎr hǎo?

-   6. Tā shǎnme shíhou nǎng qù?

-   7. Ni nǎitiān bù mǎng?

You: Shǎi dōu lǎi.

(Everyone is coming.)

Shǎnme dìfang dōu bù hǎo.

Nǎige dìfang dōu kǎyi.

Shǎi dōu bú hui.

Nǎr dōu hǎo.

Tā shǎnme shíhou dōu nǎng qù

Wo nǎitiān dōu bù mǎng.

-   H. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Ní qù nǎr? (Where are you going?)

-   2. Ni dào nǎr qù?

-   3. Tā qù shénme dìfang?

U. Tā dào shénme dìfang qù?

-   5. Ni mǎi nǎige?

-   6. Ni kàn něibǎn?

-   7. Nī zuò shénme?

You: Wō nǎr dōu qù.

(I'm going everywhere.)

Wō nǎr dōu qù.

Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.

Tā shénme dìfang dōu qù.

Wō nǎige dōu mǎi.

Wo nǎibǎn dōu kàn.

Wō shénme dōu zuō.

I. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Shéi lǎi?

(cue) everyone

(Who is coming?)

-   2. Shéi kéyi? anyone will do

-   3. Shéi lǎi? no one

U. Nì mǎi nǎige?    all of them

-   5. Ní dào nǎr qù?   nowhere at all

-   6. Nǎige hǎo? all of them

-   7. Shéi huì shuō Zhōngguo huà? everyone

You: Shéi dōu lǎi.

(Everyone is coming.)

Shéi dōu kéyi.

Shéi dōu bù lǎi.

Wō nǎige dōu mǎi.

Wō nǎr dōu bú qù.

Nǎige dōu hǎo.

Shéi dōu huì shuō Zhōngguo huà

UNIT 3

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

-   1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?

-   A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.

-   2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?

-   A: Bú shi kèqi.

A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cóng Měiguo lǎi.

A: Tā xiànzài zài Tǎiwān Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.

A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nīmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.

-   3. B: Nà tài hǎo le!

-   B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tǎntan.

-   B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.

-   B: Búdàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.

-   U. A: Nǎli, nǎli.

-   A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hǎo.

-   5. ⁵A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiǎn bàn duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?

-   B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.

6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suíbiàn.

B: Nà Jiù xiān xiè le.

Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week?

I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a
simple meal.

Why is it necessary to be so polite?

It’s not politeness.

I have a friend who has Just come from America.

She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.

I would very much like to introduce the two of you.

That's wonderful!

I wish very much to talk with her.

However, I'm afraid that my English isn’t good enough.

Not only don't I speak well, (but) sometimes I can't understand what I
hear either.

Not at all, not at all.

You speak as well as an American.

How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?

That would be fine.

I haven't invited anyone special.

It's very informal.

Well then, I'll thank you in advance.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented, on C-l and P-1 tapes)

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 7.                    | bù tong               | to be different       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 8.                    | chá                   | tea                   |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 9.                    | chī fan               | to eat, to have a     |
|                       |                       | meal                  |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 10.                   | dànshi                | but                   |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 11.                   | 4*     • W            | furthermore, moreover |
|                       |                       |                       |
|                       | erqie                 |                       |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 12.                   | fan                   | (cooked) rice         |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| 13.                   | hē                    | to drink              |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+
| I'l.                  | Jiāo shū              | to teach              |
+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+

[]

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| biànfàn būdàn.. .yé búguò bù tong | a simple, informal meal not       |
|                                   | only...but also however, but to   |
|                                   | be different                      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| chá                               | tea                               |
|                                   |                                   |
| chi fan                           | to eat, to have a meal            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dànshi                            | but                               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| érqiě                             | furthermore, moreover             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| fan                               | (cooked) rice                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| he hébì                           | to drink                          |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | why is it necessary (to)          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Jiāo shū jièshao                  | to teach to introduce             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| kōngpà                            | to be afraid that (something is   |
|                                   | or is not the case)               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| suíbiàn                           | to be informal/casual; as you     |
|                                   | like as you wish, whatever suits  |
|                                   | you, ’’according to convenience”  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| tài hǎo le! tīngbudǒng tīngdedǒng | wonderful!                        |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | cannot understand can understand  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xīwàng (xīwang)                   | to hope, to wish to               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| yíyàng                            | to be alike/equal sometimes       |
|                                   |                                   |
| you shíhou (you shihou)           |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced on C-2 tape)

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| cānjiǎ                            | to attend                         |
|                                   |                                   |
| dǎ (ge) diànhuà hǎo de duō        | to make a phone call much better  |
|                                   |                                   |
| ting diànhuà yǎnhuo yóuyuǎnhuì    | to answer the phone fireworks     |
| zhèng hǎo                         | display carnival                  |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | just right                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, nín xiàge Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?

A: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín he nín fūren dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.

Section Chief Huang, are you free Saturday of next week?

I would like to invite you and your wife to come to our house for a
simple meal.

Notes on No. 1

Xiàge Xīngqīliù means "Saturday of next week." "Saturday of this week"
is zhèige Xīngqīliù, and "Saturday of last week" is shàngge Xīngqīliù.⁶

Chī ge biànfàn; Here the verb chī, "to eat Csomething}," takes the
object (yi)ge biànfàn, "a simple/informal family meal." When talking
about the general activity of eating, however, use chī with the general
object fàn, literally "(cooked) rice": chī fàn, "to eat"

The word biànfàn is used as a modest description in inviting guests for
a meal served in the home. The meal is generally "simple" only in the
sense of not being a banquet. A Chinese family meal usually consists of
several dishes plus a soup.

2. B: Nín hébì zhème kèqi?

A: Bu shi kèqi.

A: Wǒ you yige péngyou gang cōng Měiguo lai.

A: Tā xiànzài zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo JīngJixué.

A: Wǒ hen xiǎng gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi Jièshao Jièshao.

Why is it necessary to be so polite? It’s not politeness.

I have a friend who has Just come from America.

She is teaching economics at Taiwan University right now.

I would very much like to introduce the two of you.

Notes on No. 2

Hébì is a somewhat formal way of saying ’’Why is it necessary to...?” He
is a literary word for ’’why.” Bì is a literary word for ’’must.” (You
may recognize it from bú bì, ’’need not,” "to be unnecessary.’’)

Notice that the first speaker in exchange 2 does not respond to the
dinner invitation with an immediate ’’Thank you, I would love to," as
one might do in English. Instead, the Chinese prefer the equivalent of
’’That’s too kind of you" or "Oh, you really shouldn't." When you
receive an indefinite invitation (like "I hope you can come over to my
house for dinner some day"), do not ask immediately for the date and
time. Rather, you should thank the person for his politeness and say
that you also hope that you can get together. Vague invitations may
simply be in superficial accordance with the rules of etiquette, and you
might put your acquaintance on the spot by accepting.

Bu shi kèqi is the appropriate response when a person suggests that you
are treating him too politely.

Jiāo, "to teach," is a verb which requires a general object when no
specific object is mentioned. Contrast Jiāo shū, "to teach," with Jiāo
Jǐngjixué, "to teach economics."

Nǐmen liǎngwèi means "the two of you," or "you two." The other plural
pronouns may be used similarly:

Tāmen sìge rén dōu yǐjing Those four have all been there already, qùguo
le.

Tāmen sānge rén dōu xiang All three of them are planning to niàn lìshǐ.
                    study history.

A number phrase may also follow a list of nouns or pronouns in Chinese.
Either the listing or the number is usually omitted in the English
translation.

Wō, nǐ, tā sānge rén dōu qù, Why don’t all three of us go? hǎo bu hǎo?

Lǐ Xiānsheng gēn Wáng          Both Mr. Lī and Mr. Wáng (the two of

Xiānsheng liǎngwèi dōu         them) called me.

gěi wo dǎle diànhuà le.

Gěi nǐmen liǎngwèi jièshao jièshao: There are two things to note in this
sentence. First of all, while the English language "introduces two
people TO each other," the Chinese language "introduces FOR the two
people," gěi...jièshao. Secondly, the speaker has chosen to repeat the
verb Jièshao. In a sentence expressing the speaker's desired course of
action, the reduplicated form of the verb makes the statement less blunt
and demanding.

3. B: Nà tài hǎo le!

B: Hen xīwang gēn ta tantan.

B: Búguò, kǒngpà wǒde Yīngwén bù xíng.

B: Budàn shuōde bù hǎo, you shíhou yě tīngbudǒng.

That’s wonderful!

I wish very much to talk with her.

However, I’m afraid that my English isn’t good enough.

Not only don’t I speak well, (but) sometimes I can’t understand what I
hear either.

Notes on No. 3

Tài hǎo le, ’’wonderful,’’ or, more literally, ’’too good.’’ You have
seen tài translated as ’’excessively,” or ’’too”: ”It’s too expensive!”
Tài guì le! In other contexts, tài simply indicates an extreme degree
and is translated as ’’very.” When used this way, tài is commonly
heavily stressed.

Zhèiběn shū zhēn shi tài you This book is really very interesting! yìsi
le!

Búguò, ’’however,” is often interchangeable with kěshi, ’’but,” and is
therefore used more frequently than the English ’’however.”

Kongpà means ”to be afraid that Csomething is/is not the easel.” It
sometimes means "probably," as in Zhèiběn shū kǒngpà shi tāde, "This
book is probably his.”

Búdàn...yě... is equivalent to the English "not only...but also....”

Here are some examples:

Tā búdàn huì shuō Zhōngwén, yě huì shuō Rìwén.

Tā búdàn bù xīhuan hōngde, yě bù xīhuan lǎnde.

Not only can he speak Chinese, but he can also speak Japanese.

Not only doesn’t he like the red one, but he doesn’t like the blue one
either.

Tīngbudǒng, "can’t understand": The verb dǒng is used to indicate the
result in a compound verb of result. Here is another example of dǒng
used in this way:

Zhōngwén bàozhī nī kàndedǒng Can you read (and understand) Chinese
kànbudǒng? newspapers?

Shuōde bù hǎo VS. tīngbudǒng: The many ways in which one-syllable
Chinese verbs may be combined to make patterns and compounds can be
confusing. In No. 3, you see both an action verb and its manner adverb
(in the negative), shuōde bù hǎo, and a compound verb of result (in its
"unable" form), tīngbudǒng. Compare these two forms:

ACTION                                ACTION MARKER or NEG.

VERB   MARKER NEG. ADV. MANNER VERB (not both)    RESULT

  ------ ----- -------
  tīng   -bù   -dǒng
  ting   -de   -dǒng
  ------ ----- -------

  ------ ----- ---- ---------
  shuō   -DE   bù   hǎo
  shuō   -DE        hěn hǎo
  ------ ----- ---- ---------

The marker de is always part of the manner adverb expression but
alternates with bù in compound verbs of result. Manner adverb
expressions expand to allow not only for negation but also for
additional adverbs such as hen and tài. Compound verbs of result cannot
do this. There are always three, and only three, parts to the compound
verb of result.

1+. A: Náli, náli.

A: Nín shuōde gēn Měiguo rén yíyàng hāo.

5. A: Zěnmeyàng? Liùdiān ban duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?

B: Fāngbian, fāngbian.

Not at all, not at all.

You speak as well as an American.

How shall we do it? Would six-thirty be convenient for you?

That would be fine.

Notes on Nos. 1+-5

Gēn...yíyàng hǎo: Yíyàng is an adjectival verb meaning "to be the same."
When a sentence tells you in what respect the compared items are alike,
yíyàng acts as an adverb and may be translated as "equally."

  -------------------------------------- ---------
  Women liāngge rénde chē                yíyàng.
  (the cars belonging to the two of us   alike)
  -------------------------------------- ---------

"Our cars are alike."

  -------------------------------------- --------------------
  Women liangge rénde chē                yíyàng guì.
  (the cars belonging to the two of us   equally expensive)
  -------------------------------------- --------------------

"Our cars are equally expensive."

The area of comparability may be described by predicates other than
adjectival verbs.

  ------------------- ------ --------- -------- -----------
  Tāmen liāngge rén   dōu    yíyàng    xlhuan   niàn shū.
  (the two of them    both   equally   like     to study)
  ------------------- ------ --------- -------- -----------

"The two of them are equally studious."

The items being compared may be expressed separately, using gēn. In this
case, gēn is the prepositional verb meaning "with." The item preceding
gēn is compared WITH the object of gēn.

  ---------- ------ ---------- ---------
  Wǒde chē   gēn    tāde chē   yíyàng.
  (my car    with   his car    alike)
  ---------- ------ ---------- ---------

"My car is like his."

Gēn may be used to compare nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, and clauses.
Often one of the two phrases or clauses is a shorter form of the other.

  ------------ ------ ------------ ---------- --------- -------
  Nī shuōde    gēn    Měiguo rén   (shuōde)   yíyàng    hǎo.
  (you speak   with   American     L speakJ   equally   good)
  ------------ ------ ------------ ---------- --------- -------

"You speak as well as an American."

  ---------- ------ ------------ ---------
  Wǒde chē   gēn    tāde (chē)   yíyàng.
  (my car    with   his tear]    alike)
  ---------- ------ ------------ ---------

"My car is like his (car)."

  -------------- ------ ---- ------- --------- -------
  Nī (kāide)     gēn    wǒ   kāide   yíyàng    kuài.
  (you CdriveJ   with   me   drive   equally   fast)
  -------------- ------ ---- ------- --------- -------

"You drive as fast as I do."

6. A: Wǒ méi qīng shénme rén. Hen suitiàn.

B: Nà jiù xiān xiè le.

I haven’t invited anyone special.

It’s very informal.

Well then, I’ll thank you in advance.

Notes on No. 6

Méi qīng shénme rén: In this sentence, shénme is not the question word
"what" but is theindefinite "any." When used with bù or méi, shénme rén
means "anyone special," or "anyone in particular." All question words
may follow the verbs in negative statements to give similar meanings.
Here are some examples of "any___ special" meanings:

Wǒ méi chī shénme fàn.         I didn’t eat much of anything.

Wǒ méi gēn shéi qù.            I didn’t go with anybody special.

Wǒ méi dào nǎr qù.              I didn’t go anyplace in particular.

Wǒ méiyou duōshao qián.

Wǒ bú yào jlge.

I don’t have any money to speak of.

I don't want hut a few. (I want only a few.)

Suíbiàn is a frequently used expression which has connotations of
"casual," as contrasted with kèqi, "proper" or "formal." Literally,
suíbiàn means "according to convenience." Here are some examples:

Zenme zuò?                      How shall we do it?

Suíbiàn.                        However you like.

Suíbiàn shenme shíhou lái. Come anytime you like.

Suíbiàn zuò nǎr dōu kéyi. You may sit anywhere you like.

Nà jiù xiān xiè le: In this sentence, nà is acting as an adverb meaning
"in that case," "if so," or "then." The English translation "I'll thank
you in advance, then" is very formal. You would be more likely to say
something like "Great. I'm looking forward to it."

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| -   7. bù tóng                    | to be different tea               |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   8. chá                        | to eat, to have a meal but        |
|                                   | furthermore, moreover (cooked)    |
| -   9. chi fàn                    | rice to drink                     |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   10. dànshi                    | to teach                          |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   11. érqiě                     |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   12. fàn                       |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   13. hē                        |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| 1H. j iāo shū                     |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Bù tong may be used in much the same way as bù yíyàng. Note that bù tong
occurs only in the negative. (There is no tǒng.^

Shànghǎi huà he Běi jIng huà The. Shànghǎi dialect and the Běi jIng hen
bù tong.                    dialect are very different.

Chi fàn, "to eat," is an example of a verb plus a general object used to
express a general activity. The verb chi may also take specific objects,
such as miàn, "noodles."

Dànshi, "but," is used much like kǎshi, "but."

Hebei rén tīngdedǒng Beijing Can people from Héběi understand huà ma?
                       the Beijing dialect?

Tingdedǒng, dànshi Héběi huà Yes, but the Héběi dialect and the hé
BěiJIng huà bù yíyàng. Běijlng dialect are different.

Érqiě, "furthermore,” ’’moreover”: Use érqiě at 'the beginning of a
sentence or clause.

Zhèige huāpíng tài guì, érqiě This vase is too expensive, and yě tài dà
le. Wǒ bù xiǎng furthermore it’s too big. I don’t mǎi.
                           want to buy it.

Fàn, "(cooked) rice”: The definition of fàn is qualified as "cooked”
because the Chinese use several words for "rice," depending on whether
it is in the field, ready to cook, or on the table.

Jiāo shū is a verb plus a general object meaning "to teach." Jiāo may be
used without its general object, as in Jiāo Zhōngwén, "teach the Chinese
language.”

DRILLS

A. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī          You: Huang Kēzhǎng, nī
    míngtiān

míngtiān wǎnshang you           zǎoshang you gōngfu ma?

gōngfu ma?                     (Section Chief Huang, are you

(cue) míngtiān                  free tomorrow morning?)

zǎoshang

(Section Chief Huang, are you free tomorrow evening?)

-   2. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni míngtiān zǎoshang you gōngfu ma? Xīngqīsì

-   3. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma? jīntiān wǎnshang

U. Huang Kēzhǎng, ni jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma? xià Xīngqīliù

-   5. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?

zhèige Xīngqīwǔ

-   6. Huang Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma? zhèige yuè qíhào

-   7. Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī Xīngqīsì you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī jīntiān wǎnshang you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī xià Xīngqīliù you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige Xīngqīwǔ you gōngfu ma?

Huǎng Kēzhǎng, nī zhèige yuè qíhào you gōngfu ma?

-   B. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wo xiǎng qing nín. (cue) women jiā

(l would like to invite you.)

OR Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín. (cue) fànguǎnr

(I would like to invite you.)

-   2. Tā xiǎng qíng nín.

Mínzú Fàndiàn

-   3. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín. wǒ fùmǔ jiā

U. Wǒ xiǎng qíng nín.

Beijing Fàndiǎn

5. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. neige fanguǎnr

6. Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín. wǒ jiā

You: Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào women Jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.

(I would like to invite you to our house for a simple meal.)

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.

(l would like to invite you to go to a restaurant for a simple meal.)

Tā xiǎng qīng nín dào Mínzú Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ fùmǔ Jiā lái chī ge biànfàn.

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào Běijīng Fàndiàn qù chī ge biànfàn.

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào neige fànguǎnr qù chī ge biànfàn.

Wǒ xiǎng qīng nín dào wǒ jiā lai chī ge biànfàn.

C. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma? (cue) jīngjixué (Does he
    work at Taiwan University?)

-   2. Tā zài Dezhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? lìshī

-   3. Lī Xiānsheng zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? zhèngzhixué

U. Chén Xiānsheng zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué gōngzuò ma? Zhōngwén

-   5. Andesēn Xiānsheng zài Taiwān Dàxué gōngzuò ma?

Yīngguo wénxué

You: Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo jīngjixué.

(That’s right. He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)

Duì le. Tā zài Dézhōu Dàxué jiāo lìshī.

Duì le. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo zhèngzhixué.

Duì le. Tā zài Bīnzhōu Dàxué jiāo Zhōngwén.

Duì le. Tā zài Taiwān Dàxué Jiāo Yīngguo wénxué.

-   6. Wang Xiānsheng zài Tàiwan Dàxué gōngzuè ma?

Zhōngguo wénxué

-   7. Zhào Xiáojie zài Taiwan Dàxué gōngzuò ma?

Zhōngguo lìshǐ

Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo wénxué.

Duì le. Tā zài Taiwan Dàxué Jiāo Zhōngguo lìshǐ.

D. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker; Wǒ gěi nǐmen jièshao jièshao.

(cue) Wàng Tongzhì (i’ll introduce you.)

-   2. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Liu Tōngzhì

-   3. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhào Tōngzhì

-   U. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Xiānsheng

-   5. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Yang Nushì

-   6. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Zhāng Kēzhǎng

-   7. Wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao Jièshao. Lǐ Shàoxiào

You; Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Wang Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao (l would
very much like to introduce you and Comrade Wang.)

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Liu Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhào Tōngzhì Jièshao Jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Xiānsheng Jièshao Jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Yang Nushì Jièshao Jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Zhāng Kēzhǎng jièshao jièshao.

Wǒ hěn xiǎng gěi nǐmen gēn Lǐ Shàoxiào Jièshao Jièshao.

-   E. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā tīngbujiàn.             You: Tā búdàn tīngbujiàn yě

(cue) kànbujiàn                 kànbujiàn.

(He can’t hear.)                 (Not only can’t he hear, CbutJ

he can’t see either.)

  ---- ---------------- ------------ -----------------------------------
  2.   Tā shuōbuduì.    tīngbudǒng   Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě tīngbudǒng.
  3.   Tā chībuhǎo.     hēbuhǎo      Tā búdàn chībuhǎo yě hēbuhǎo.
  U.   Tā shuōbuduì.    xiěbuduì     Tā búdàn shuōbuduì yě xiěbuduì.
  5.   Tā kànbudǒng.    tīngbudǒng   Tā búdàn kànbudǒng yě tīngbudǒng.
  6.   Tā tīngbudǒng.   shuōbuduì    Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuduì.
  7.   Tā kànbujiàn.    tīngbujiàn   Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbujiàn.
  ---- ---------------- ------------ -----------------------------------

-   F. Combination Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā shuōde bù hǎo. Tā tīngbudǒng.

(He speaks poorly. He can’t understand.)

OR Tā shuōde bù hao. Wō shuōde bù hāo.

(He speaks poorly. I speak poorly.)

-   2. Tā niànde hǎo. Tā xiědehǎo.

-   3. Tā niànde hǎo. Wō niànde hǎo.

U. Tā tīngbudǒng. Tā shuōbuhǎo.

-   5. Tā kāide bù hǎo. Wō kāide bù hǎo.

-   6. Tā kànbujiàn. Tā tīngbudǒng.

You: Tā búdàn shuōde bù hǎo yě tīngbudǒng.

(He not only speaks poorly, Cbutl he can’t understand either.)

Búdàn tā shuōde bù hǎo wǒ yě shuōde bù hǎo.

(Not only does he speak poorly, LbutJ I speak poorly too.)

Tā búdàn niànde hǎo yě xiědehǎo.

Búdàn tā niànde hǎo wǒ yě niànde hǎo.

Tā búdàn tīngbudǒng yě shuōbuhǎo.

Búdàn tā kāide bù hǎo wǒ yě kāide bù hǎo.

Tā búdàn kànbujiàn yě tīngbudǒng.

-   G. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ bù néng dào Zhōngguo qù. Wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng.

(I can’t go to China. My Chinese isn’t good enough.)

-   2. Tā bù kéyi xué Zhōngwén. Tā méiyou gōngfu.

-   3. Wo bù kéyi mai dōngxi. Wode qién bú gōu.

U. W3 bù néng qù kàn péngyou. W3 méiyou gōngfu.

-   5. Wǒ bù néng shuō Zhōngguo hui. Wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.

-   6. W3 bù néng gēn tā qù chī fàn.

W3 méiyou shíjiān.

-   7. Wo bù kéyi qù kāi huì. W3 tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.

You: W3 hen xīwàng dào Zhōngguo qù, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngwén bù xíng.

(I hope very much to go to China, but I’m afraid my Chinese isn’t good
enough.)

Tā hen xīwàng xué Zhōngwén, búguō kǒngpà tā méiyou gōngfu.

Wǒ hen xīwàng mai dōngxi, búguō kǒngpà wǒde qián bú gòu.

Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kàn péngyou, búguō kǒngpà w3 méiyou gōngfu.

Wǒ hen xīwàng shuō Zhōngguo huà, búguō kǒngpà wǒde Zhōngguo huà bù xíng.

Wǒ hen xīwàng gēn tā qù chī fàn, búguō kongpà wǒ méiyou shíjiān.

Wǒ hen xīwàng qù kāi huì, búguō kǒngpà wǒ tīngbudong tāmen shuōde huà.

-   H. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nīde chá gēn tāde yíyàng duō.

(cue) hē

(You have as much tea as he does.)

-   2. Nīde dōngxi gēn tāde yíyàng piányi. mai

-   3. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng duō. niàn

-   U. Nīde shū gēn tāde yíyàng hao. jiāo

You: Nī hē chā, hēde gēn tā yíyàng duō.

(You drink as much tea as he does.)

Nī mai dōngxi, maide gēn tā yíyàng piényi.

Nī niàn shū, niànde gēn tā yíyàng duō.

Nī jiāo shū, jiāode gēn tā yíyàng hāo.

-   5. Nīde fan gēn tāde yíyàng duo. chī

-   6. Nīde diànhuà gēn tāde yíyàng duō. dǎ

-   7. Níde Zhōngguo huà gēn tāde yíyàng hǎo.    shuō

Nī chī fàn, chide gēn tā yíyàng duō.

Nī dǎ diànhuà, dǎde gen tā yíyàng duō.

Nī shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde gēn tā yíyàng hǎo.

I. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nī qīngle jīge rén? (How many people did you invite?)

OR Tā hē shénme? (What does he drink?)

-   2. Nī qīng shéi?

-   3. Tā mǎile jīběn shū?

U. Nī qīng shénme rén?

5. Tā dào nǎr qù le?

6. NĪ you duōshao qián?

You: Wō méi qīng jīge rén.

(I didn’t invite many at all.)

Tā bù hē shénme.

(He doesn’t drink much of anything.)

Wō bù qīng shéi.

Tā méi mǎi jīben shū.

Wō bù qīng shénme rén.

Tā méi dào nǎr qù.

Wō méiyōu duōshao qiān.

UNIT 4

REFERENCE LIST

-   1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.

-   A: Qǐng jin.

-   2. B: FÙ Tàitai, nín hǎo?

-   B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.

-   3. B: Wo zhīdào nín xīhuan shānshuǐ huà.

-   B: Tebié qīng péngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.

*A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie.

A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nǐmen Jièshao jièshao.

-   4. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Tǎidà jiāo Jīngjixué.

A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Tǎiwān Yínhǎng gōngzuò.

-   A: Zhèiwei shi Huang Tàitai.

-   5. B: Jiuyǎng, jiùyǎng.

-   B: Nín lǎile duo jiǔ le?

-   C: Jiuyǎng. Wǒ gāng lǎi liāngge yuè.

-   6. C: Hǎi you hen duō bù shǒuxide dìfang.

-   C: Yīhòu hǎi yào xiàng nín qīngjiào.

Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome.

Please come in.

How are you, Mrs. Franklin?

Here is a small token of appreciation.

I know you like landscape paintings.

I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.

You are really too polite. Thanks.

Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.

This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.

Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huǎng, who works at the Bank of
Taiwan.

This is Mrs. Huǎng.

Glad to meet you.

How long have you been here?

Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.

There is still much I’m not familiar with.

Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.

*The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.

7. B: Náli, nèli.

B: Xīwang yīhòu you jīhui duō jiànmièn.

Not at all, not at all.

I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

  ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  8.    fāngfǎ      method, way, means
  9.    fázi        method, way
  10.   huàr        painting (Beijing pronunciation)
  11.   qīng zuò    please sit down
  12.   shèhuìxué   sociology
  13.   túshūguǎn   library
  1U.   zuò         to sit
  ----- ----------- ----------------------------------

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| fāngfǎ fázi                       | method, way, means                |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | method, way (Beijing)             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| huà                               | to paint a painting to welcome    |
|                                   |                                   |
| huà(r) (yìzhāng) huānyíng         |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Jiànmiàn Jiàoshòu jin jiǔyǎng     | to meet someone, to see someone   |
|                                   | professor                         |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to enter                          |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | glad to meet you                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| qingJiao qíng zuò                 | to ask advice, to consult please  |
|                                   | sit down                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shānshuǐ                          | mountains and rivers, scenery     |
|                                   | with hills and water              |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shānshuǐ huà(r) (yìzhāng)         | landscape painting sociology to   |
| shèhuìxué                         | he familiar                       |
|                                   |                                   |
| shóuxi                            |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Taidà tèbié túshūguǎn             | Taiwan University especially      |
|                                   | library                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xiang xiǎo yìsi                   | towards; from                     |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | a token of appreciation           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zuò                               | to sit                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced on C-2 and P-2 tapes)

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  biǎoyǎn bú dà hǎo mǎi duì...shóuxi Jiàoyubù mǎi cài song gei xǐ yīshang yānjiu yòuéryuān you huà zhǎnlǎn zhàogu zuò fàn zuòyà   to give a demonstration not very easy to buy to be familiar with Ministry of Education to buy groceries to give to to wash clothes to study, to do research kindergarten oil painting exhibition to take care of to cook homework
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

REFERENCE NOTES

1. A: Huang Kēzhǎng, Huang Taitai, huānyíng, huānyíng.

A: Qing J in.

2. B: Fù Taitai, nín hǎo?

B: Zhè shi yìdiǎn xiǎo yìsi.

Section Chief Huǎng, Mrs. Huǎng— welcome.

Please come in.

How are you, Mrs. Franklin?

Here is a small token of appreciation.

Note on Nos. 1-2

Xiǎo yìsi: You have already seen yìsi in the expression you yìsi, "to he
interesting." Yìsi means "meaning," "significance," "intention," "idea."
In No. 2, above, xiǎo yìsi (literally, "small CgoodH intent") is an
idiomatic expression meaning "a small (token of my) feelings of
appreciation."

3. B: Wǒ zhīdào nín xīhuan shān-shuī huà.

B: Tèhié qīng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng.

A: Nín zhēn shi tài kèqi. Xièxie.

A: Lǎi, wǒ gěi nīmen jièshao jièshao.

I know you like landscape paintings.

I asked a friend to paint one especially for you.

You are really too polite. Thanks.

Come. I’ll introduce the two of you.

Notes on No. 3

Shānshuī, "mountains and rivers," "scenery with hills and water," is a
compound made up of shān, "mountain," and shuī, "water." In shānshuī,
shuī refers to rivers or lakes.

Tèbiě qǐng pēngyou gěi nín huàle yìzhāng: Notice that the verb huà is
followed by the completion marker le. For this reason, the sentence
means that the painting has been finished. The completed-action sense of
huàle might be captured by looser translations of the sentence, like "I
asked a friend, and he painted one for you" and "I asked a friend, who
painted one for you."

The sentence Wǒ tèbiē qīng pēngyou gěi nín huà yìzhāng, without le, does
not indicate whether the painting has been finished or not. The sentence
might be used when a speaker thinks that a painting has not yet been
finished.

Zhēn ahi tài kèqi, "really too polite," is a variation of Nín zhēn tài
kèqi. Shi is sometimes used simply to show that the subject of a
sentence fits the description that follows.

U. A: Zhèiwei shi He Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué.

A: He Jiàoshòu, zhèiwei shi Huang Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínháng gōngzuò.

A: Zhèiwei shi Huáng Tàitai.

This is Professor Hollins, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.

Professor Hollins, this is Section Chief Huang, who works at the Bank of
Taiwan.

This is Mrs. Huang.

Notes on No. U

Jiàoshòu, "professor": The first syllable in this word means "teaching.
Notice that the tone on Jiào is different from the tone on the verb "to
teach," Jiāo.

Táidà is the abbreviation for Tǎiwān Dàxué, "Taiwan University."

Zhèiwei shi Huáng Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwan Yínhǎng gōngzuò looks like a
run-on sentence, with the pronoun tā dropped from the second part of the
sentence. In Chinese, this is a perfectly good way to add a second
clause to a sentence. To characterize a person or thing Just identified,
the Chinese simply attach a descriptive sentence and omit the subject.
You have already learned this pattern: Wángfǔjīng Dàjiē yōu yige Xīnhuá
Shūdiàn, hen dà. Here are some additional examples:

Tā tàitai shi Rìběn rén, xiànzài zài Shànghǎi.

Wo you yige péngyou xing Wú, zài Dōnghǎi Dàxué Jiāo shū, míngnián xiǎng
dào Měiguo qù.

His wife is Japanese; she is in Shànghǎi now.

I have a friend named Wú who teaches at Dōnghǎi University. He is
planning to go to America next year.

5. B: Jiǔyǎng, Jiǔyǎng.

B: Nín láile duo Jiǔ le?

C: Jiǔyǎng. Wǒ gang lai liǎngge yuè.

Glad to meet you.

How long have you been here?

Glad to meet you. It has been only two months since I came.

Notes on No. 5

Jiǔyǎng means, literally, "I have looked up to you for a long time" or
"I have looked forward to meeting you." It is used when meeting someone
of higher status. Because Jiǔyǎng implies a status difference, the
expression is not often used in the PRC.

Gang, "only Just": You have learned the sentence Wǒ láile liǎngge yuè
le, "I have been here two months now." In the last sentence of exchange
5, notice that no le is needed. The focus has shifted from the coming to
the shortness of the period; that is, the focus is on gang.

6. C: Hái yǒu hen duō bù shōuxide dìfang.

C: Yīhòu hái yào xiang nín qíngj iào.

There is still much I’m not familiar with.

Later I’ll need to request more advice from you.

Notes on No. 6

Shóuxi, "to be familiar Lwith the details of something]," is also
pronounced shúxi.

Dìfang means "areas," "aspects" (NOT "places") in the first sentence of
No. éT Thus shouxide dìfang means "areas/aspects one is familiar with."

Xiàng nín qíngjiào is a polite way of requesting advice from someone—
for example, a teacher, an advisor, or a senior colleague. Here, the
prepositional verb xiàng means "from." (You learned xiàng as "towards"
in the Directions Module.) Literally, it means "facing." Less formally,
you may also say gēn nín qíngjiào. Qíngjiào (literally, "request
instruction") may be reduplicated or used with an object in sentences
like the following:

Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào        I would like to consult with you

yíjiàn shi.                     about something.

Wǒ yào gēn nín qíngjiào qíngj iào.

Yíhdu hái yào...: In this sentence, hái means "still more," or
"additionally."

  ----- ----------- ----------------------------------
  8.    fāngfā      method, way, means
  9-    fázi        method, way
  10.   huàr        painting (Beijing pronunciation)
  11.   qīng zuò    please have a seat
  12.   shèhuìxué   sociology
  13.   túshūguān   library
  1U.   zuò         to sit
  ----- ----------- ----------------------------------

7. B: Náli, náli.

B: Xīwang yīhòu yōu jīhui duō Jiànmiàn.

Not at all, not at all.

I hope that in the future we will have an opportunity to meet more.

Note on No. 7

The adjectival verb duō, ’’to be much,” ”to be many,” is used in No. 7

as an adverb meaning ’’much,” ’’more.” Kāfēi bù néng duō hē. Nī duō chī
diānr ba. Tā duō zhùle liāngtiān. Wō shāo mSile yìzhāng piào.

Tā shuō tā yào shāo chī.

Shao may be used in the same way.

One must not drink too much coffee.

Eat a little more.

He stayed two days longer.

I bought one ticket too few.

(more literally, "I underbought by one ticket.”)

He says he wants to eat less (cut down on eating).

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Here are a few sentences illustrating some of the words:

Nīde shèhuìxué xuéde zhènme hSo"ī Nī yòng shénme fāngfǎ niànde?

Měitiān zài túshūguān sìge zhōngtou.

Ài! Wō měiyou fázi zài túshūguān zuò sìge zhōngtóu.

You learned your sociology so well! How do you study it?

I spend four hours in the library everyday.

Boy! Thére’s no way I can sit in the library for four hours.

VOCABULARY BOOSTER

Opposites

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Snjìng to be peaceful             | rènao                             |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to be lively                      |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to be bustling to be noisy        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| chǎng to be long                  | duǎn to be short                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| cōngming                          | bèn to be stupid to be foolish    |
|                                   |                                   |
| to be intelligent to be bright    |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dà to be large                    | xiǎo to be small                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dàodǎ to arrive to reach          | líkāi to leave                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| duì to be correct                 | cuò to make a mistake to be wrong |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gānjìng (gānjing) to be clean     | zāng to be dirty                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gāo to be tall                    | ǎi                                |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to be short (of stature           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gǎoxìng                           | nǎnguò                            |
|                                   |                                   |
| to be happy                       | to feel sorry to feel bad to be   |
|                                   | grieved                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gōngzuò to work                   | xiūxi to rest to relax            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| hǎo to be good to be well         | huài to be bad                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| J iǎndān to be simple             | fùzǎ (fǔzǎ) to be complicated to  |
|                                   | be complex                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

j iànkāng

to be healthy

you bìng to be ill

to be sick

kuān

zhSi

to be wide

to be narrow

to be broad

lai

qù

to come

to go

lèi

you jīngshen

to be tired

to be lively

to be spirited

to be vigorous

lěng

re

to be cold

to be hot

liángkuai

nuanhuo

to be cool

to be warm

man

kōng

to be full

to be vacant

to be empty

man

kuài

to be slow

to be fast

máng

xièn

to be busy

to be idle

to be unoccupied

niánqīng

lǎo

to be young

to be old (in years)

piányi

guì

to be inexpensive

to be expensive

to be cheap

piàoliang

nánkàn

to be beautiful

to be ugly

qiáng

ruù

to be strong

to be weak

róngyi

nán

to be easy

to be difficult

shēng

si

to be born

to die

tian to be sweet

ting

to stop

to halt

tul

to push

yuan

to be far

zǎo

to be early

zhēn

to be true to be real

to be genuine

kú to be bitter

z8u

to go to walk

IS to pull

jin to be near

wan to be late

jiǎ to be false to be fake to be artificial

DRILLS

-   A. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wo xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng huàr.

(I'm thinking of asking him to paint a painting.)

-   2. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta chī yícì Zhōngguo fàn.

-   3. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta mǎi liǎngzhāng Tǎiběi dìtú.

U. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta Jiāo liǎngniān.

-   5. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta huà yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.

-   6. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta lǎi yícì.

-   7. Wǒ xiǎng qǐng ta kàn yícì diànyǐng.

You: Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng huàr.

(I asked him especially to paint a painting.)

Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta chile yícì Zhōngguo fàn.

Wǒ tèbié qīng ta mǎile liǎngzhāng Táibei dìtú.

Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta Jiāole liǎngniān.

Wǒ tèbié qīng ta huàle yìzhāng Zhōngguo huàr.

Wǒ tèbié qǐng ta láile yícì.

Wǒ tèbié qīng ta kànle yícì diànyǐng

-   B. Combination Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā shi Hé Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo JīngJixué.

(He is Professor Hé.

He teaches economics at Taiwan University.)

-   2. Tā shi Wáng Kēzhǎng. Tā zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.

-   3. Tā shi Shen Shàoxiào. Tā zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.

-   U. Tā shi LÍn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū.

You: Zhèiwèi shi Hé Jiàozhòu, zài Taidà Jiāo JīngJixué.

(This is Professor Hé, who teaches economics at Taiwan University.)

Zhèiwèi shi Wang Kēzhǎng, zài Wàijiāobù gōngzuò.

Zhèiwèi shi Shen Shàoxiào, zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò.

Zhèiwèi shi Lin Jiàoshòu, zài Jiāzhōu Dàxué Jiāo shū.

X      V          K

-   5. Tā shi Lu Kēzhǎng. Tā zai Tāiwān Yínhāng gōngzuò.

-   6. Tā shi Liú Xiǎojiě. Tā zài Taidà niàn shū.

-   7. Tā shi HÚn Jiàoshòu. Tā zài Tāidà Jiāo zhèngzhixué.

Zhèiwèi shi Lu Kēzhǎng, zài Taiwān YÍnháng gōngzuò.

Zhàiwèi shi Liú Xiaojiě, zài Taidà niàn shū.

Zhèiwèi shi Han Jiàoshòu, zài Taidà jiāo zhèngzhixué.

-   C. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker; You hěn duō dìfang wo bù shǒuxi.

(There is much I’m not familiar with.)

OR Zài zhèr, you hěn duō ren bù hē chā.

(There are many people here who don’t drink tea.)

-   2. Yōu hěn duō dìfang wǒ tīngbudǒng.

-   3. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú kàn bào.

U. Zài zhèr, you hěn duō rén bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huà.

-   5. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ bú huì zuò.

-   6. You hěn duō dìfang wǒ kànbudǒng.

You: Wǒ hái you hěn duō bù shéuxide dìfang.

(There is still much I’m not familiar with.)

Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bù hē chāde rén.

(There are many non-tea drinking people here.)

Wǒ hái you hěn duō tīngbudǒngde dìfang.

Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú kàn bàode rén.

Zài zhèr, you hěn duō bú huì shuō Zhōngguo huàde rén.

Wǒ hai you hěn duō bú huì zuòde dìfang.

Wǒ hai you hěn duō kànbudǒngde dìfang.

-   D. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Women yīhòu jiànmiànde You: Xīwang yīhòu you Jīhui duō
    Jīhui hěn duō.                   jiānmiān.

(We will have many more         (I hope that in the future we

opportunities to meet           will have an opportunity to

in the future.)

meet more.)

2.

Wō yīhòu xiǎng nín qīngjiǎode Jīhui hěn duō.

Xīwang yīhòu yōu Jīhui nín qīngjiāo.

duō

xiǎng

3.

Wōmen yīhòu shuō Zhōngguo huāde Jīhui hěn duō.

Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui Zhōngguo huā.

duō

shuō

U.

Wō yīhòu xuǎ Zhōngwǎnde Jīhui hěn duō.

Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui Zhōngwǎn.

duō

xuǎ

5.

Wōmen yīhòu lǎide Jīhui hěn duō.

Xīwāng yīhòu yōu jīhui

duō

lǎi.

6.

Wōmen yīhòu zāi yìqīde Jīhui hěn duō.

Xīwāng yīhòu yōu jīhui

duō

zāi yìqī.

7.

Wō yīhòu luxíngde Jīhui hěn duō.

Xīwāng yīhòu yōu Jīhui

duō

luxíng.

-   E. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Huǎng Kēzhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng.

(cue) zuò

(Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome.)

-   2. Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? zuò zuo

-   3. Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? hē yìdiǎn chǎ

U. Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? zuò

-   5. Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. zuò

You: Huǎng Kezhǎng, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò.

(Section Chief Huǎng, welcome, welcome. Please come in and sit down.)

Wǎng Xiǎojiě, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai zuòzuo.

Lī Xiānsheng, nín hǎo? Qīng Jin, qīng Jìnlai hē yìdiǎn chǎ.

Wú Kēzhǎng, nín hǎo? Qīng jìn, qīng Jìnlai zuò.

Zhào Tāitai, huānyíng, huānyíng. Qīng Jìn, qīng jìnlai zuò.

-   6. Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? zuò yìhuǐr

-   7. Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiú bú jiàn. zuò zuo

Zhāng Xiānsheng, Zhāng Tàitai, nín hǎo? Qǐng jin, qǐng jìnlai zuò
yìhuǐr.

Qiǎn Kēzhǎng, hǎo jiǔ bú Jiàn.

Qǐng Jin, qīng jìnlai zuòzuo.

[]

UNIT 5

REFERENCE LIST

(in Beijing)

-   1. B: Wài.

-   A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?

A: Wǒ yào zhào LÍn SIzhang shuō huà.

-   2. B: Nín shi nàr a?

-   A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fǎguo Dàshiguǎnde Shāngwù JIngjiguān.

-   B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.

-   3. B: Wài, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?

-   A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qing ta gěi wo da ge diànhuà.

U. B: Hāo, qing nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomār gàosong wǒ. Wǒ xiěxiàlái.

A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wǔ èr yāo-sān sān yào.

5. C: Duìbuql, ni gāngcái géi wo dǎ diànhuà, wǒ bú zài.

C: Nī yǒu shi ma?

A: Shi a! Wǒ neitiān gēn nín yuēhǎole míngtiān shídiān dào nín
bàngōng-shì qu tántan.

6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zǎoshang wǒ yǒu yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suǒyi xiǎng
wèn nín women néng bu néng gǎi dào xià-wu.

Hello.

Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?

I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.

Who is this?

My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Ecomonics Officer from the
French Embassy.

Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.

Hello. He is not here at the moment. Would you like to leave a message?

When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.

All right. Please tell me your phone number. I’ll write it down.

My phone number is 521-331.

I’m sorry. When you called me just now, I wasn’t in.

Can I help you with something?

Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your
office at ten o’clock tomorrow for a talk.

Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask
you whether we can change it Cthe appointment! to the afternoon.

*C: Xiàwǔ shenme shíhou?

A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiǎn zǎnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?

C: Sìdiǎn bí sāndiǎn hǎo. Wǒ sāndiǎn zhōng dǎi kāi hui.

A: Hǎo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiǎn zhōng jiàn.

C: Hǎo, wǒ sìdiǎn zhōng deng ni.

What time in the afternoon?

What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient
for you?

Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three
o’clock.

All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.

All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

  ----- --------------- -------------------------------
  7.    hǎishi          still
  8.    wàiguo          foreign, abroad
  9-    wàiguo rěn      foreigner (non-Chinese)
  10.   wūzi (yìjiān)   room
  11.   yāo             one (telephone pronunciation)
  ----- --------------- -------------------------------

* The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bǎ                                | (prepositional verb which         |
|                                   | indicates the direct object)      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bàngōngshì                        | office                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gǎi                               | to change                         |
|                                   |                                   |
| gǎi dào gāngcǎi                   | to change to                      |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | Just now, a short time ago        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| haishi hàomǎ(r)                   | still number                      |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| jīngjiguān                        | economics officer                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| liú                               | to leave, to keep, to save to     |
|                                   | leave a message                   |
| liú(ge)huà(r)                     |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| neitiān                           | the other day                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shāngwù shāngwùguān               | commercial business commercial    |
|                                   | officer                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| wàiguó wàiguo rén Wàijiāobù wūzi  | foreign, abroad                   |
| (yìjiān)                          |                                   |
|                                   | foreigner (non-Chinese) Ministry  |
|                                   | of Foreign Affairs room           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xiěxiàlái                         | to write down                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| yāo yàojin yuēhǎole               | one (telephone pronunciation) to  |
|                                   | be important, to be urgent to     |
|                                   | have (successfully) made          |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | arrangements, to have made an     |
|                                   | appointment                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zhèihuír                          | this moment, at the moment        |
|                                   | (Beijing)                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced on C-2 and drill tapes

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| chūtǔ wénwù zhǎnlǎn               | exhibition of archaeological      |
|                                   | finds                             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dǎ dao                            | to make a phone call to           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dàibiǎotuǎn                       | delegation                        |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gǎnbuhuílǎi                       | can’t make it back in time        |
|                                   | teacher                           |
| J iàoyuǎn                         |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Jīnglǐ qīnzì tuánzhǎng zhǔrèn zìji

manager

personally, privately head, of the delegation director

oneself (’’myself,” ’’yourself,” etc.

(introduced in Communication Game)

chēfáng dì

garage

ground, earth

[]

Street scene in Shanghai

REFERENCE NOTES

1. B: Wai.

A: Wèi, shi Wàijiāobù ma?

A: Wǒ yào zhāo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.

Hello.

Hello. Is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?

I want to speak with Department Chief LÍn.

Notes on No. 1

Wàijiāobù: WàiJiāo is the word, for "diplomacy" (more literally,
"foreign relations"). Bù designates an organizational unit; in speaking
of the Chinese government, bù is translated as "ministry."⁷ The head of
a bù is a bùzhāng, "minister."

Wài-, "foreign," is used in terms such as wàiguo, "overseas" (literally,
"foreign country") and wàiguo ren, "foreigner" (most frequently
referring to a person from a non-Asian country). Literally, wài- means
"outside," as in wàimian.

Yào zhāo...shuō huà means, literally, "I would like to look for . . . to
speak I with himl."

Telephone conversations: Telephone courtesy in the United States
requires that a person identify himself before beginning a conversation.
In China, however, it is normal for the caller to ask "Who is this?" and
for the person who answers the phone to inquire "Who is calling?"

-   2. B: Nín shi nǎr a?

-   A: Wǒ xing Lèkēláiěr. Wǒ shi Fāguo Dàshiguānde Shāngwù Jīngjiguān.

-   B: Nín děngyiděng, wǒ gěi nín kànkan tā zài bu zai.

Who is this?

My name is Leclaire. I am the Commercial/Economics Officer from the
French Embassy.

Wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.

Notes on No. 2

Nín shi nar a? is one polite way to ask who is calling. Nǎr asks for the
name of the office or organization which the caller represents. You may
also say Nī nǎr a? To ask for the caller’s name, use Qīngwèn ni shi...?
or Qīngwèn nī guìxìng?

Fǎguo: In the PRC, the word for ’’France" usually has a low tone instead
of a falling tone (Faguo).

The syllable -guān means "government official," "officer," or
"officeholder ."

Tā zài bu zai: Zài means "to be present" here. With this meaning, zài
does not have to be followed by a place word.

3. B: Wèi, tā zhèihuīr bú zài. Nín yào liú ge huàr ma?

A: Laojià, tā huílaide shíhou, nín qīng ta gěi wo dǎ ge diànhuà.

Hello. He is not here at the moment Would you like to leave a message?

When he comes back, please ask him to give me a phone call.

Notes on No. 3

Zhèihuīr is a colloquial word for "now," "at the moment." The word is
made up of zhè plus yìhuīr. Its position preceding the verb shows that
it refers to a point in time.

Liú ge huàr: Liú means "to leave C something/someone!] behind." Huàr,
translated in exchange 3 as "message," is the word for "speech."
Directly following a verb (in this case, liú), the yī of unstressed yige
may be omitted.

U. B: Hǎo, qīng nín bǎ nínde diàn- All right. Please tell me your huà
hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. Wǒ phone number. I’ll write it down, xiěxiàlāi.

A: Wǒde diànhuà shi wú èr yāo- My phone number is 521-331. sān sān yāo.

Notes on No. U

Hàomǎr is used for "number" in speaking of identification numbers such
as a passport number. (Shùmu, "number," expresses an amount.)

Yao is used, in Beijing for giving room numbers and telephone numbers
whenever those numbers are given orally.

Xiěxialai is a compound verb which is formed like náxialai. However,
while náxialai literally means "to bring down and towards the speaker,"
xiěxialai does NOT mean "to write in a downward direction towards the
speaker." The compound xiěxialai corresponds to the English idiom "to
write down."

Qǐng nín bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ illustrates some of the
rules concerning the use of the prepositional verb bǎ. (Read the
Transportation Module notes on bǎ.)

Bǎ is a prepositional verb used to bring the direct object of a sentence
to a position preceding the main verb. To do so has certain effects on
the meaning of a sentence. There are reasons why bǎ must be used, why it
may not be used, and why it is optional in different kinds of sentences.

In the first sentence of exchange U, the use of the bǎ construction is
optional. You may also say Qǐng ni gàosong wo nínde diànhuà hàomǎr. The
sentence fulfills the requirements for the optional use of bǎ but has
none of the features which make the use of bǎ a necessity. Let’s look
more closely at these different requirements and features.

-   a. What conditions are necessary for the use of bǎ?

-   (1) The object of bǎ must be acted on. In other words, the action
    must be performed on the object of bǎ. In the first sentence of
    exchange U, nínde diànhuà hàomǎr undergoes the action gàosong. More
    obvious examples are

Tā bǎ dìtú náchulai le. He took out the map.

(MAP UNDERGOES BEING TAKEN OUT)

Tā bǎ tāde chē mài le. He sold his car.

(CAR UNDERGOES BEING SOLD)

Tā bǎ neige Zhōngguo zì He wrote that Chinese character on xiě zai
hēibǎnshang le. the chalkboard.

(CHINESE CHARACTER UNDERGOES BEING WRITTEN ON THE BOARD)

UNDERGOER OF THE ACTION means that the object is influenced by the
action in some way. In "I saw Mr. Wang yesterday," Mr. Wang is not
considered to be the undergoer of the action.

-   (2) The verb must be an action verb (such as gàosong in exchange U).
    Bǎ is not used with state and process verbs. For example, you may
    not use bǎ with yǒu, zhǐdao, xǐhuan, ài, xiǎng, huì, or dong.

-   (3) The object of bǎ must refer to something specific (such as nínde
    diànhuà hàomǎr in exchange U): which telephone number? your
    telephone number (The questioner knows which number he is referring
    to, even though he does not know what the number is.) Often the
    object of bǎ must be translated into English with the definite
    article "the":

Qǐng ni bǎ huāpíng gěi wo. Please give me the vase. (NOT "a vase")

Tā ba liǎngzhāng piào gěi He gave me the two tickets. (NOT wo le.
                      ’’Cany] two tickets")

(U) The verb phrase must be complex. Here are examples of the ways in
which a verb phrase can be made complex so that bǎ may be used:

(ASPECT MARKER)

Tā bǎ tāde chēzi mài le.

(REDUPLICATED VERB)

Qīng ni bǎ piào huànhuan.

(COMPOUND VERB)

Tā bǎ wǒde dìzhī xiěxia-lai le.

Nī bǎ xíngli nāshang chē qu ba.

Women zuǒtiān yījīng bǎ zhèijiàn shi shuōhǎo le.

Wǒ xiān bǎ zhèige xiěwǎn zài zǒu.

Nī bǎ wǒde míngzi xiěcuò le.

(MANNER EXPRESSION AFTER THE VERB)

Nī bǎ zhèige zì xiěde tài dà le.

Tā bǎ zhèijiàn shi shuōde hen qīngchu.

He sold his car.

Please exchange the tickets.

He wrote down my address.

Take the baggage onto the train.

We agreed on this matter yesterday

I will finish writing this first and then leave.

You wrote my name wrong.

You wrote this character too large

He talked very clearly about this.

(PREPOSITIONAL VERB PHRASE AFTER THE VERB)

Bǎ píjiǔ fang zai zhuōzi-shang.

Wǒ bǎ chē ting zai nèibian děng nín.

(INDIRECT OBJECT AFTER THE VERB) Lī Xiānsheng bǎ zìdiǎn gěi xuésheng le.

(NUMBER PLUS COUNTER AFTER THE VERB)

Qīng ni zài bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr niàn yícì.

Qīng ni bǎ zhèige kàn yixia.

Put the beer on the table.

I will park the car over there and wait for you.

Mr. Lī has given the dictionaries to the students.

Please read his telephone number aloud once more.

Please take a look at this. (OR "Please read this over.")

In the first sentence of exchange U, the verb phrase is made complex by
having an indirect object after the verb: bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr
gàosong wǒ

-   b. When MUST bǎ be used?

The examples above which require the use of bǎ are those with a
prepositional verb phrase after the verb, those with a manner expression
after the verb, and most of the sentences under the heading "Compound
Verb. In these examples, the object may not be placed between the verb
and the element which follows.

-   c. When can't bā be used?

Bǎ cannot normally be used in a sentence if the verb is not an action
verb, if the verb describes perception (like kànjian and tingjian), if
the object is not the undergoer of the action, if the object is
indefinite, or if the verb is a simple verb. Here are some examples of
sentences in which bā cannot be used:

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wo mǎile yíge shōuyīnjī.          | I bought a radio. (INDEFINITE     |
|                                   | OBJECT)                           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wǒ kànjian ta le.                 | I saw him.                        |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | (PERCEPTION VERB EkànJianJ;       |
|                                   | OBJECT DOES NOT UNDERGO ACTION)   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wǒ xiǎng kàn zhèiběn shū.         | I would like to read this book.   |
|                                   | (SIMPLE VERB)                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wǒ yǒu hěn duō wàiguo             | I have a lot of foreign friends.  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| pengyou.                          | (yǒu NOT ACTION VERB)             |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Wǒ zhīdào zhèijiàn shi.           | I know of this matter, (zhīdào    |
|                                   | NOT ACTION VERB)                  |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| d. What is the motivation for     | using bā?                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Bǎ is used when the verb phrase gives more new important information
than the object does. The Chinese prefer to place that important verb
phrase in final position in a sentence, where the phrase will be
prominent. Bǎ performs the function of taking the object out of the way
(to the beginning of a sentence) and allowing the verb phrase to have
its full impact.

e. To make a bǎ sentence negative, place the negative adverb in front of
bǎ (NOT in front of the main verb).

Tā méi bǎ zhuōzi bānchuqu. He did not move the table out.

Nī bù bǎ ròu⁸ fàng zai How can it do for you not to put bīngxiāngli
zěnme xíng? the meat in the refrigerator?

(How can you not put the meat in the refrigerator?)

5. C: Duìbuqī, nī gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà, wS bú zài.

C: Nī yǒu shi ma?

A: Shi a.' Wǒ nèitiān gēn nín yuēhěole míngtiān shídiǎn dào nín
bàngōngshì qu tántan.

I'm sorry. When you called me Just now, I wasn't in.

Can I help you with something?

Yes, you can. The other day I made an appointment with you to go to your
office at ten o'clock tomorrow for a talk.

Notes on No. 5

Gāngcái means "just now," "a short time ago." It may, like other time
words, either precede or follow the subject of a sentence.

Tā gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà He called me a short time ago. le.

Gāngcái tā gěi wo dā diànhuà le.

The one-syllable adverb gāng, "Just," always follows the subject of a
sentence.

Tā gāng gěi wo dā diànhuà. He just called me.

Ni gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà, wǒ bú zài, literally, "You called me just
now, I wasn’t in":To the first clause (Nī gāngcái gěi wo dā diànhuà),
you could add -de shihou, "when." Even without -de shihou, the
relationship between the two clauses is still very close. Colloquially,
no pause is needed between them. Here is a similar sentence:

Gāngcái wǒ qù zhāo ni, nī I just went to look for you, but you bú zài.
                        weren’t there.

Něitiān literally means "that day." It is the Chinese equivalent of "the
other day."

Yuēhāo is a compound verb of result: yuē, "to arrange a meeting," "to
make an appointment," plus hāo, "successfully complete."

Gēn means "with" in the last sentence of exchange 5-

Bàngōngshì: Bàngōng (literally, "manage work") is frequently used for
"do work in an office." A bàngōngshì is a room where office work is
done, or an "office."

6. A: Yīnwei míngtiān zāoshang wǒ you yíjiàn yàojīnde shi, suōyi xiǎng
wèn nín women neng bu neng gāi dào xiàwǔ.

C: Xiàwǔ shénme shíhou?

A: Nín kàn xiàwǔ sān-sìdiān zěnmeyàng? Duì nín fāngbian bu fangbian?

C: Sìdiān bī sāndiān hāo. Wǒ sāndiān zhōng děi kāi huì.

A: Hāo ba. Nà míngtiān sìdiān zhōng jiàn.

C: Hāo, wǒ sìdiān zhōng děng ni.

Because I have an urgent business matter tomorrow morning, I want to ask
you whether we can change it Cthe appointment] to the afternoon.

What time in the afternoon?

What do you think of three or four in the afternoon? Is that convenient
for you?

Four would be better than three. I have to attend a meeting at three
o’clock.

All right. Well then, see you at four o’clock tomorrow.

All right. I’ll wait for you at four o’clock.

Notes on No. 6

YàojIn means "to be urgent," "to be important."

Yinwei.■.suoyi: When the first part of an English sentence begins with
the word "because," it is usually considered redundant to begin the
second part with "therefore." Thus the Chinese word suoyi, "therefore,"
in the first sentence of exchange 6, is not translated into English. In
Chinese, however, suoyi is commonly used after a clause beginning with
yīnwei, "because."

The verbs gǎi and huàn are both frequently translated as "to change."
Gǎi means "change" in the sense of "alter," and huàn means "change" in
the sense of "exchange."

Gǎi dào xiàwǔ, "change (it) to the afternoon": In this phrase, the
prepositional verb dào and its object xiàwǔ do not precede the verb;
they follow the verb. A dào, "to," phrase which precedes the main verb
in a sentence can be a scene setter, that is, you go "to" a place and
the action takes place there. Following the main verb in a sentence, a
dào phrase can indicate where something ends up as a result of the
action. In the first sentence of exchange 6, the appointment will END UP
in the afternoon. Here are some examples of dào phrases:

Tā dào càishichǎng mǎi cài He went to the market to buy qu le.
                         groceries. (SCENE SETTER)

Wǒ gāngcái dào wǔlōu zhao      Just now I went to the fifth floor

Chen Tàitai qu le.             to look for Mrs. Chen. (SCENE

SETTER)

Tā pǎo dào shānshang qu le. He ran to the top of the mountain. ("He"
ENDS UP ON THE MOUNTAINTOP.)

  ----- --------------- -------------------------------
  7.    hǎishi          still
  8.    wàiguo          foreign, abroad
  9-    wàiguo ren      foreigner (non-Chinese)
  10.   wǔzi (yìjiān)   room
  11.   yào             one (telephone pronunciation)
  ----- --------------- -------------------------------

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Hǎishi means "still" in the sense of "as before." It is used in some of
the same ways that hǎi is used.

Sulrán tā you shíhou shuō Although he is sometimes impolite in huà bú
kèqi, késhi wǒ          his speech, I still like him.

haishi xìhuan ta.

Wǒ háishi bù dǒng "le” zěnme I still don’t understand how le is yòng.
                           used.

Wàiguo rén, "foreigner”: The use of this term is still generally based
on race rather than on citizenship. Even Chinese who are American
citizens living in the United States often refer to non-Chinese
Americans as wàiguo rén.

Wūzi, ’’room”: The counter for wūzi is -Jiān, which literally means
"interstice," "interval," "space," "room."

DRILLS

A. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? (cue) LÍn Sizhǎng (Hello, is this
    the Ministry of Foreign Affairs?)

-   2. Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wèi Shàoxiào

-   3. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? LÍn Kēzhǎng

-   U. Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Bāoěr Xiānsheng

-   5. Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Lī Xiānsheng

-   6. Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Meng Tǒngzhì

-   7. Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Zhāngnán Tǒngzhì

You: Wài, shi Wàijiāobù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Lin Sīzhǎng shuō huà.

(Hello, is this the Ministry of Foreign Affairs? I want to speak with
Department Chief LÍn.)

Wài, shi Měiguo Wǔguānchù ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Wèi Shàoxiào shuō huà.

Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínhāng ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo LÍn Kēzhǎng shuō huà.

Wài, shi Běijīng Fàndiàn ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Bāoěr Xiānsheng shuō huà.

Wài, shi Jiānádà Dàshiguǎn ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Lī Xiānsheng shuō huà.

Wài, shi Měidàsī ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Mèng Tǒngzhì shuō huà.

Wài, shi Zhōngguo Yínháng ma? Wǒ yào zhǎo Zhāngnán Tǒngzhì shuō huà.

B. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai.

(i’ll see whether he is here or not.)

-   2. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang.

-   3. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā yǒu gōngfu meiyou.

-   U. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou.

You: Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zài bu zai.

(Please wait a moment. I’ll see whether he is here or not.)

Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā máng bu mang.

Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā you gōngfu meiyou.

Qīng ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā láile meiyou.

-   5. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule meiyou.

-   6. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou.

-   7. Wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou.

Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā zǒule meiyou.

Qing ni děngyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huílaile meiyou.

Qing ni děnyiděng, wǒ gěi ni kànkan tā huíqule meiyou.

-   C. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Láojià, bǎ nínde diàn- You: Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde
    huà hàomǎr gàosong              diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.

wǒ.                            (Please tell me Mr. Wáng’s

(cue) Wáng Xiānsheng-           telephone number.)

de diànhuà hàomǎr

(Please tell me his telephone number.)

2. Láojià, bǎ Wáng Xiānshengde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde diànhuà
hàomǎr

3. Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ. tāde dìzhì

U. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.    tāde bàngōngshìde

hàomǎr

-   5. Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.

tāde dìzhì

-   6. Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ. nínde diànhuà hàomǎr

-   7. Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.

Láojià, bǎ tāde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.

Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.

Láojià, bǎ tāde bàngōngshìde hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.

Láojià, bǎ tāde dìzhì gàosong wǒ.

Láojià, bǎ nínde diànhuà hàomǎr gàosong wǒ.

-   D. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nī xiěxiàlái le ma? You: Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.

(cue) not yet                 (I haven’t written it down

(Have you written it             yet.)

  ---- ---- ---------------------- ------------ -------------------------
  2.   Nī   down?) xiěhǎo le ma?   soon will    Wǒ kuài xiěhǎo le.
  3.   Nī   xiěxiàlái le ma?       already      Wǒ yījīng xiěxiàlái le.
  U.   Nī   xiěxiàlái le ma?       not yet      Wǒ hái méi xiěxiàlái.
  5.   Nī   xiěxiàlái le ma?       did not      Wǒ méi xiěxiàlái.
  6.   Nī   xiěhǎo le ma?          already      Wǒ yījīng xiěhǎo le.
  7.   Nī   xiěxiàlái le ma?       Yes, I did   Wǒ xiěxiàlái le.
  ---- ---- ---------------------- ------------ -------------------------

-   E. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Ni gēn tā yuēhǎo le ma? (cue) tā bàngōngshì

(Did you make arrangements with him?)

-   2. Nī gēn Wang Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma? huǒchēzhàn

-   3. Nī gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le ma? wǒde bàngōngshì

U. Nī gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le ma? Wàijiāobù

-   5. Nī gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le ma? xuéxiào

-   6. Nī gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le ma?    tāde bàngōngshì

-   7. Nī gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le ma?    huìkèshì

You: Gēn tā yuēhǎo le, zài tā bàngōngshì jiàn.

(I made arrangements with him to meet at his office.)

Gēn Wang Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huǒchēzhàn Jiàn.

Gēn Lí Nushì yuēhǎo le, zài wǒde bàngōngshì jiàn.

Gēn Liú Zhǔrèn yuēhǎo le, zài Wàijiāobù jiàn.

Gēn Bāo Jiàoshòu yuēhǎo le, zài xuéxiào jiàn.

Gēn Bái Kēzhǎng yuēhǎo le, zài tāde bàngōngshì jiàn.

Gēn Yáng Xiānsheng yuēhǎo le, zài huìkèshì jiàn.

-   F. Substitution Drill

You will need the word zhǔrèn, ’

-   1. Speaker: Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒmen yǒu yàojīnde shi, suóyi gǎidào
    xiàwǔ le.

(cue) LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái

(Because we have some important business in the morning, we will have to
change to the afternoon.)

-   2. Yīnwei shàngwǔ LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. tā
    zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì

-   3. Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.
    wǒ děi jiāo shū

U. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi Jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù

-   5. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le. wǒ
    děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan

-   6. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi
    gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

wǒ méi gōngfu

-   7. Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

'director,” in this exercise.

You: Yīnwei shàngwǔ LÍn Zhǔrèn bù néng lái, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

(Because Director LÍn cannot come in the morning, we will have to change
to the afternoon. )

Yīnwei shàngwǔ tā zài Wàijiāobù kāi huì, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi Jiāo shū, suóyi gǎidào xiàwī le.

Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi dào Dàshiguǎn qù, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ děi gēn Wǔ Xiānsheng dāngmiàn tántan, suóyi gǎidào
xiàwǔ le.

Yīnwei shàngwǔ wǒ méi gōngfu, suóyi gǎidào xiàwǔ le.

G. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Xiàwǔ sān-sìdiěn zěnmeyàng?

(cue) tā

(How is CHow about3 three or four in the afternoon?)

-   2. Tā zěnmeyàng? Táiwān

-   3. Taiwan zěnmeyàng?

Táiwānde Jīngji

U. Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng? nèige fàndiàn

-   5. Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng? zhèige xuéxiào

-   6. Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng? tāmen maide diànshì

-   7. Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?

You: Tā zěnmeyàng?

(How is he? CHow about him?3)

Táiwān zěnmeyàng?

Táiwānde jīngji zěnmeyàng?

Nèige fàndiàn zěnmeyàng?

Zhèige xuéxiào zěnmeyàng?

Tāmen màide diànshì zěnmeyàng?

-   H. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker? Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. (cue) when

(They are meeting tomorrow.)

-   2. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. where

-   3. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. when

-   4. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. where

-   5. Tāmen míngtiān kāi hui. how many hours

-   6. Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui le. how long

-   7. Tāmen yījīng kāi hui le ma?

yes

You: Tāmen míngtiān shénme shíhou kāi hui?

(When are they meeting tomorrow?)

Tāmen míngtiān zài nār kāi hui?

Tāmen zuótiān shi shénme shíhou kāide hui?

Tāmen zuótiān shi zài nār kāide hui?

Tāmen míntiān kāi hui kāi jīge zhōngtóu?

Tāmen zuótiān kāi hui kāile duó jiǔ?

Tāmen yījīng kāi hui le.

UNIT 6

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

-   1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?

A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Canting qù chī ha.

-   2. B: Dōngménde cài kǒngpà meiyou Dàhuáde cài name hǎo ha.

A: Suírán hú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women zhèli jìn.

-   3. B: Ou, hǎi yǒu yíge xīn kāide fànguǎnzi lí women zhèli gèng Jìn.

B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēichāng hǎo.

B: Jīntiān wǒ. qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.

U. A: Nà hù hǎo yìsi!

B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài you hǎo you piānyi.

5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.

B: Tāmen nàli yǒu hǎoxiē cài hiéde dìfang chīhuzháo.

Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?

All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant?

I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at
the Great China.

Even though it LEast Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.

Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.

The food there is extremely good.

Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.

I can’t let you do that!

(That would be too embarrassing!)

Don’t be polite. It’s nothing.

The food there is both good and cheap.

Any place you suggest is sure to be good.

They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other
places.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

6. bù yídìng

7. kànfa

not necessarily; it’s not definite opinion, view

  ----- --------- ---------------------------------------
  8.    wǎnfàn    supper, dinner
  9.    xiǎngfa   idea, opinion
  10.   yìxiē     some, several, a few
  11.   zǎofàn    breakfast
  12.   zuòfa     way of doing things, method, practice
  ----- --------- ---------------------------------------

[]

Modern apartments in Shanghai

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| biěde                             | other, different                  |
|                                   |                                   |
| "bù hǎo yìsi                      | to be embarrassing; to feel       |
|                                   | embarrassed                       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bù yídìng                         | not necessarily; it’s not         |
|                                   | definite                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| cài canting chībuzhǎo             | food, cooked dish dining room;    |
|                                   | restaurant can’t find (to eat)    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Dàhuǎ Canting                     | Great China Restaurant East Gate  |
|                                   | Restaurant                        |
| Dōngmén Canting                   |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| fēichǎng                          | very, extremely, highly           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| gèng                              | even more                         |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| hǎoxiē                            | a good many, a lot                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| kànfa                             | opinion, view                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| meiyou.. .nàme/zhème              | is not as...as...                 |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| suírǎn(suīrǎn)...kěshi...         | although, even                    |
|                                   | though...(still)...               |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| wǎnfàn                            | supper, dinner                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| xiǎngfa                           | idea, opinion                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| yídìng yìxiē you...you...         | certainly                         |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | some, several, a few              |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | both...and...                     |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zǎofàn zhōngfàn zuòfa             | breakfast                         |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | lunch                             |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | way of doing things, method,      |
|                                   | practice                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced on C-2 tape)

  ------------- ------------------------------
  ānpaihǎo le   successfully arranged
  -bù           (counter for cars and buses)
  chūfā         to start a journey
  jiāoqū        suburbs
  ------------- ------------------------------

  ------------- ------------------------------------------
  lǎoshi        always, all the time
  lián...(yě)   even.•.(also)
  Shísānlíng    Ming Tombs (literally, "Thirteen Tombs")
  yěcān         picnic
  yǒu míng      to be famous
  Yúyuàn        Szechuan Garden
  zhāodài       to he hospitable to
  ------------- ------------------------------------------

REFERENCE NOTES

1. B: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?

A: Hǎo a, dào Dōngmén Cāntīng qù chī ha.

Let’s go have lunch together today Okay?

All right. Why don’t we go to the East Gate Restaurant?

Note on No. 1

Zhōngfàn means, literally, "middle meal." "Breakfast" is zǎofàn, "early
meal." "Supper" is wǎnfàn, "late meal."

2. B: Dōngménde cài kongpà méiyou Dàhuáde cài nàme hǎo ha.

A: Suírán hú tài hǎo, késhi lí women zhèli jin.

I’m afraid that the food at the East Gate isn’t as good as the food at
the Great China.

Even though it [East Gate] is not too good, it is close to us.

Notes on No. 2

Cài, "(nonstaple) food," "dish," "course (of a meal)": Literally, cài
means "vegetables." It refers to any dish that is eaten with rice. Both
meat and vegetable dishes are included in the meaning.

The pattern ...(méi)you...nàme... is used to make one thing is LESS than
another.

STATE VERB ADJECTIVAL

comparisons

(OFTEN

VERB)

when

1 + méiyou + 2 + nàme/zhème +

  ---- -------- ---- ------ -----------
  Tā   méiyou   nǐ   nàme   mang.
  Wǒ   méiyou   tā   nàme   cōngming.
  Tā   méiyou   wǒ   nàme   you qiān.
  ---- -------- ---- ------ -----------

Used less frequently without the negative méi-, the pattern means "to be
as Equality] AS [something else!."

Nīde shū méiyou wǒde shū nàme duō.

Yǒu.

Neige xuéxiàode túshūguǎn yǒu zhèige xuéxiàode zhème hǎo ma?

Your books are not as many as mine. (You don’t have as many books as I
do.)

Yes, they are. (Yes, I do have as many books as you do.)

Is that school’s library as good as this one’s?

Suírán...kěshi...: Suírán (or suīrán), "although," must always be
followed by kěshi or danshi, meaning "but," in the second part of a
sentence. Kěshi/danshi would not usually be translated into English, but
sometimes the word "still" is included in the translation: "Although
it’s not too good, still it’s close to us." Suírán may either precede
the subject or be placed between the subject and the verb of a sentence.

Suirán tā xihuan lùxíng, kěshi tā méi qùguo Zhōngguo.

Tā suirán jiǎngle hǎojīcì, kěshi wǒ háishi bù dǒng.

Wǒ suirán méi kànjianguo, kěshi ting rén shuōguo.

Although she likes to travel, she has never been to China.

Although he explained it many times, I still didn’t understand.

Although I have never seen it, I have heard of it.

3. B: Ou, hái yǒu yíge xln kāide fànguanzi lí women zhèli gèng Jìn.

B: Tāmen nàlide cài fēicháng hǎo.

B: Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni dào nàli qù chī.

Oh, there is also a newly opened restaurant that is even closer to us.

The food there is exceptionally good.

Today I am going to invite you to go there to eat.

Notes on No. 3

Xīn kāide: The adjectival verb xln, "new," means "newly," "recently"
when used as an adverb.

Gèng, "more," "even more," "still more"

Zài līngshiguǎn gōngzuòde rén bī dàshiguǎn gèng duō.

Lu píngguǒ hěn guì, hong píngguǒ gèng guì.

Zhāng Tíngfēng shuōde Zhōngguo huà, Zhōngguo rén hěn nán tīngdedǒng,
wàiguo rén yídìng gèng nán.

More people work at the consulates than at the embassy.

Green apples are expensive; red apples are even more expensive.

Zhāng Ting Feng's Chinese is hard for Chinese people to understand for a
foreigner, it would certainly be even harder.

An overview of comparison: You have now learned several ways to compare
things. The patterns presented here are the most common ones. Each
pattern has a standard purpose:

(MORE)

...bl... (STATE VERB)

(LESS)

...meiyou...name (STATE VERB)

(EQUAL)

...gēn...yíyàng      (STATE VERB)

A simple adjectival verb may also be used to make a comparison:

Zhèi liǎngběn, nēiběn guì? Which of these two books is more expensive?

For each of the three patterns above (MORE—LESS—EQUAL), the comparison
is made with a STATE verb. State verbs include adjectival verbs (hāo,
"to be good"), auxiliary verbs (hui, "to know how to," "can"), and verbs
describing mental attitudes or situations (zhidào, "to know"; xīhuan,
"to like"; ài, "to love").

Tā bì wo ài chī Zhōngguo fàn. He loves to eat Chinese food more than I.

Zhèijiàn shìqing, nī bī tā You know more about this than he does,
zhīdào.

Tā meiyou wǒ zhème xīhuan He doesn’t like to see movies as kàn diànyīng.
                  much as I do.

Although the verb phrase begins with a state verb, that may not be the
only word in the comparison. It may be expanded to include other verbs
(any type) and objects.

The things being compared may also be expanded. Whole sentences may be
placed in the slots for things compared:

Zuò huochē meiyou zuò fēijī Going by train is not as fast as nàme kuài.
                     going by plane.

Wǒ xuē Zhōngwén bī tā xué It’s easier for him, studying history, lìshī
rōngyi.                   than it is for me, studying Chinese.

Although the prepositional verb bī is used to say that one thing is
"more" than another, do not use the negative of this pattern to say that
something is "less."

Tā bī tā gēge néng shuō huà. He is a better talker (smoother talker)
than his older brother.

This pattern may also be expanded to indicate Just HOW MUCH more one
thing is than another. (Place the amount after the verb in a sentence.)

Zhèiběn bī nèiběn guì sānkuài This book is three dollars more qián.
                          expensive than that one.

Wǒ bī tā dà liǎngsuì.          I am two years older than she is.

Another way to indicate how much more is to add -de duō, "a lot," to an
adjectival verb.

Zhèige bī nèige hǎokànde duō! This is much better looking than that!

Use the pattern ...meiyou...nàme + state verb to say that one thing is
less than another.

Wǒde zì méiyou tāde nàme My characters don’t look as good as hāokàn.
                         his.

Tā xiǎng māide fángzi méiyou The house she wants to buy isn't as zhèige
fángzi jin.              close as this one.

The affirmative pattern ...you...nàme + state verb is ambiguous: it says
that one item is AT LEAST AS expensive as another item which is either
equally expensive or less expensive. This pattern is not as common as
...méiyou...nàme + state verb.

The adverbs gèng, "even more," and zuì, "most," are easily used to
compare more than two things. (Place these adverbs before the verb in a
sentence.)

Zhèi liāngběn hen guì, kěshi These two books are very expensive, nèiběn
gèng guì.                but that one is even more expensive.

DÌyīběn bl dìèrběn guì, kěshi The first book is more expensive than
dìsānběn zuì guì.               that one, but the third one is the

most expensive.

If the entire sentence involves a comparison of the three books, the
speaker may single out the most expensive book with zuì, or sometimes
without it.

Zhèi sānběn shū, nèibén guì? Of these three books, which is the (most)
expensive one?

Zhèiběn zuì guì.                This one is the most expensive.

U. A: Nà bù hāo yìsi.’

B: Bié kèqi, méi shenme. Nèige dìfangde cài yǒu hāo yòu piányi.

I can't let you do that! (That would be too embarrassing!)

Don't be polite. It's nothing. The food there is both good and cheap.

Notes on No. U

Bù hāo yìsi is an idiomatic phrase meaning "to be embarrassing." In
Chinese culture, treating someone to a meal both shows your respect for
him and maintains your status as a generous host. In exchange U, Nà bù
hāo yìsi means "I’m embarrassed to have you show me so much respect," or
"I’m em-barrassed to appear to be too cheap to treat you." Bù hāo yìsi
also means "to feel embarrassed."

Yǒu...yòu..., "both...and.: The element following each yòu may be as
simple as an adjectival verb or as complex as a full verb phrase.

Tā háizi yòu huì shuō Yíngwén, His child can speak both English and yòu
huì shuō Zhōngguo huà. Chinese.

5. A: Nī shuōde dìfang yídìng hǎo.

B: Tāmen nǎli you haoxiē cǎi biéde dìfang chībuzháo.

Any place you suggest is sure to be good.

They have a good many dishes there that you can’t find (at) other
places.

Notes on No. 5

Yídìng, "certainly," can act as (ADVERB)

Tā yídìng lǎi.

Wǒ bù yídìng qù.

Wǒ hái bù yídìng qù.

(ADJECTIVAL VERB)

Nī néitiān qù?

Hái bù yídìng.

Nǎ shi yídìngde.

either an adverb or an adjectival verb

He will definitely come.

It’s not certain that I will go.

It’s not yet certain that I will go

On what day are you going there? It’s not certain yet.

That’s for sure.

Hǎoxiē means "a good many" or "a lot." You have seen -xiē, "several,
"some," in zhèixie, "these," and nèixie, "those." The element -xiē also
occurs in yìxiē, "some," "a few": Shūjiàzishang hái yǒu yìxiē shū,
"There are still a few books on the bookcase."

Biéde is the word for "other" in the sense of "a different one." LÌngwǎi
is the word for "other" when you mean "an additional one."

Chībuzháo: In this compound verb of result, the ending -zháo indicates
success in obtaining something. Here are some examples of compounds
ending in -zháo:

Wǒ zhǎobuzháo tāde diànhuà I cannot find his phone number, hàomǎr.

Jīntiān méi mǎizháo píngguǒ. I did not succeed in buying apples today.

  ----- ----------- ---------------------------------------
  6.    bù yídìng   not necessarily; it’s not definite
  7.    kànfa       opinion, view
  8.    wǎnfàn      supper, dinner
  9-    xiǎngfa     idea, opinion
  10.   yìxiē       some, several, a few
  11.   zǎofàn      breakfast
  12.   zuòfa       way of doing things, method, practice
  ----- ----------- ---------------------------------------

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Kànfa, "opinion,” ’’view," may be loosely translated as "way of looking
at things." The word is made up of kàn, to look," and fǎ, "method,"
"way."

Women duì zhèijiàn shìde Our opinions on this matter are not kànfa bù
yíyàng.                the same.

Xiǎngfa, "idea," "opinion," is made up of xiǎng, "to think," and fǎ,
"method, "way." Xiǎngfa is a "way of thinking." The word is actually
pronounced xiǎngfa.

Tāde xiǎngfa gēn wǒde yíyàng. His way of thinking is the same as mine.

Zuòfa, "way of doing things," "method," "practice," is made up of the
verb zuò, "to do," and fǎ, "method," "way."

Níde mùdi hen hǎo, kěshi wǒ Your goal is good, but I don’t like bù
xǐhuan nǐde zuòfa.          your methods.

DRILLS

A. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Jīntiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?

(Let’s go have lunch together today. Okay?)

OR Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.

(Today I am inviting you to go to eat lunch.)

-   2. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?

-   3. Míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.

-   H. Xīngqīwǔ women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?

5. Xīngqīliù wǒ qīng ni qù chī zhōngfàn.

6. Míngtiān women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn, hǎo ma?

You; Hǎo, Jīntiān wǒ qīng ni.

(All right. Today I’m inviting you.)

Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.

(Don’t be so polite. Let’s Just go together and split the bill.)

Hǎo, míngtiān zhōngwǔ wǒ qīng ni.

Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.

Hǎo, Xīngqīwǔ wǒ qīng ni.

Bié kèqi, women yìqī qù chī zhōngfàn.

Hǎo, míngtiān wǒ qīng ni.

B: Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nèige ròu bī zhèige ròu hǎo.

(This meat is better than that meat.)

-   2. Xīnde bī Jiùde hǎo.

-   3. Dàhuǎde cài bī Dōngménde cài hǎo.

You: Zhèige ròu méiyou nèige ròu nàme hǎo.

(This meat is not as good as that meat.)

Jiùde méiyou xīnde nàme hǎo.

Dōngménde cài méiyou Dàhuǎde cài nàme hǎo.

U. Tāde qiān bǐ wǒde qian duō.

-   5. Nèige ròu bǐ zhèige ròu guì.

-   6. Jiù shū bǐ xīn shū piányi.

-   7. Tā kāi chē bǐ wo kāide kuài.

Wǒde qiān meiyou tāde qiān name duō.

Zhèige ròu meiyou nèige ròu name guì.

Xīn shū meiyou j iù shū name piányi.

Wǒ kāi chē meiyou tā kāide name kuài

-   C. Combination Drill

-   1. Speaker: Bu tài hǎo. Lí women Jiā jìn.

(It is not too good.

It is close to us.)

OR Hen hao. Lí women jiā tài yuan.

(It is very good. It is too far from us.)

-   2. Bu tài fāngbian. Lí women Jiā jìn.

-   3. Bu tài piányi. LÍ women j iā Jìn.

1. Hěn piányi. Lí women jiā tài yuan.

5. Hěn hǎo. Lí women Jiā tài yuan.

6. Bu tài hǎo. Lí women Jiā hěn Jìn.

You: Suírán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.

(Even though it is not too good it is close to us.)

Suírán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.

(Even though it is very good, it is too far from us.)

Suirán bú tài fāngbian, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.

Suirán bú tài piányi, kěshi lí women jiā jìn.

Suirán hěn piányi, kěshi lí women jiā tài yuǎn.

Suirán hěn hǎo, kěshi lí women Jiā tài yuǎn.

Suirán bú tài hǎo, kěshi lí women jiā hěn Jìn.

-   D. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr hen jin. (cue) zhèige

(That restaurant is very close to here.)

-   2. Tā jiā lí zhèr hen jin. wǒ jiā

-   3. Nèige yínháng lí zhèr hen yuan. Zhōngguo Yínháng

H. Wǔlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr hen yuan, nèige Qìchēzhàn

5. Wuguānchù lí zhèr hen yuan. Dàshiguǎn

6. Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr hen jin. Gōnglùjú chēzhàn

T. Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr hen yuǎn. Lī Jiàoshòu jiā

You: Zhèige fànguǎnzi bī nèige fànguǎnzi lí zhèr gèng jin. (This
restaurant is even closer to here than that restaurant.)

Wǒ jiā bī tā jiā lí zhèr gèng jin.

Zhōngguo Yínháng bī nèige yínháng lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.

Nèige Qìchēzhàn bī Wūlù Qìchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.

Dàshiguǎn bī Wuguānchù lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.

Gōnglùjú chēzhàn bī Huǒchēzhàn lí zhèr gèng jin.

Lī Jiàoshòu Jiā bī Wú Kēzhǎng jiā lí zhèr gèng yuǎn.

-   E. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.

(cue) the same

(Both Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng have money Care rich].)

-   2. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián. more

-   3. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.    less

U. Zhāng Xiǎojiě, Wáng Xiānsheng dōu you qián.    even more

You: Zhāng Xiǎojiě gēn Wáng Xiānsheng yíyàng you qián.

(Miss Zhāng and Mr. Wáng are equally rich.)

Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wáng Xiānsheng you qián.

Zhāng Xiǎojiě meiyou Wáng Xiānsheng name you qián.

Zhāng Xiǎojiě bī Wáng Xiānsheng gèng you qián.

-   5- Zhang Xiǎojiěde qián, Wang Xiānshengde qián dōu hen duō. the same

-   6. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Xiānshengde qián dōu hen duō. less

-   7. Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián, Wáng Xiānshengde qián dōu hěn duō. even
    more

Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián gēn Wáng Xiānshengde qián yíyàng duō.

Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián méiyou Wáng Xiānshengde qián nàme duō.

Zhāng Xiǎojiěde qián hi Wáng Xiānshengde qián gèng duo.

-   F. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nīmen zhèrde cài hěn hǎo.

(cue) exceptionally (Your food here is

very good.)

-   2. Nímen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo. extremely

-   3. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. a little (more)

U. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn. even more

-   5. Nímen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo. extremely

-   6. Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle. expecially

-   7. Nímen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.

You: Nímen zhèrde cài fēicháng hǎo.

(Your food here is exceptionally good.)

  ------------------------------
  Nímen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.
  Nímen zhèrde cài hǎo yìdiǎn.
  Nímen zhèrde cài gèng hǎo.
  Nimen zhèrde cài hǎojíle.
  Nimen zhèrde cài tèbié hǎo.
  ------------------------------

-   G. Combination Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zhèiběn shū hěn hǎo. Zhèiběn shū hěn pianyi.

(This book is good. This book is inexpensive.)

-   2. Nǐ maide dìtú hěn hǎo. Nǐ mǎide dìtú hěn piányi.

-   3. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn hǎo. Tā zhùde fàndiàn hěn dà.

U. Nèibān fēijī hěn kuài. Nèibān fēijī hěn piányi.

-   5. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn hǎo. Zuò huǒchē qù hěn fāngbian.

-   6. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn jìn. Zhège fànguǎnzi hěn piányi.

-   7. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn piányi. Tā mǎide dìtǎn hěn hǎo.

You: Zhèiběn shū you hǎo you piányi (This book is both good and
inexpensive.)

Nǐ mǎide dìtú you hǎo you piányi.

Tā zhùde fàndiàn you hǎo you dà.

Nèibān fēijī you kuài you piányi.

Zuò huǒchē qù you hǎo you fāngbian.

Zhège fànguǎnzi yòu jìn you piányi.

Tā mǎide dìtǎn yòu piányi yòu hǎo.

-   H. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo.

(cue) chī

(The meat here is exceptionally good.)

-   2. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. mǎi

-   3. Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo. mǎi

k. Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo. kàn

-   5. Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō.

kàn

You: Zhèrde ròu fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang chībuzháo.

(The meat here is exceptionally good. You can’t find anything like it
anywhere else.)

Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.

Nàrde táng fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.

Zhèrde diànyǐng fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang kànbuzháo.

Zhèrde shū fēicháng duō, biéde dìfang kànbuzháo.

-   6. Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo. mǎi

-   7. Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo. chi

Nàrde diànshì fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang mǎibuzháo.

Nàrde cài fēicháng hǎo, biéde dìfang chībuzháo.

[]

Drying rice in front of a temple in central Taiwan

UNIT 7

REFERENCE LIST

(in Taipei)

-   1. B:  Wèi.

-   A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?

-   2. B:  Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bai

Nushì?

-   A:  Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ

yǒu yíjiàn shi xiang gēn nín dating dating.

-   3. B: Shénme shi?

-   A: Tīngshuō nín nàbian xīn láile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, shi gāng
    pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.

-   4. B: Bú cuò, Fāng Deming shi shàngge libài pài dào women zhèli
    láide.

-   B: Zěnme? Ni rènshi ta ma?

-   5. A: Bú rènshi.

-   A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suoyi xiǎng qīng
    ni gěi wo Jièshao jièshao.

-   6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan... hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu.

-   B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma?

-   7. A: Xíng.

-   A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì lái.

A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtǒu Jiù dào.

Hello.

Is this Mr. Zhāng?

Yes. Is this Miss White?

Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something I would like to ask you about.

What is it?

I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng Join you, who has Just
been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name.

That’s right. Fāng Démíng was sent over here last week.

Why? Do you know him?

I don’t know him.

However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of
California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him.

No problem. I'll take a look.... Okay, we are both free now.

Can you come now?

That will be fine.

I’ll come to your office right away.

I'll be there in about half an hour.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

  ----- ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  8.    jìde         to remember
  9.    rénde        to recognize, to know (alternate word for rènshi)
  10.   rènshi zì    to know how to read (literally, ”to
                     recognize characters")
  11.   wang         to forget (alternate word for wàngj: especially in the sense of forgetting to DO something)
  12.   wánquán      completely
  13.   xiǎngqilai   to think of, to remember
  14.   zuǒyòu       approximat ely
  ----- ------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VOCABULARY

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| bìyè bú cuò                       | to graduate not bad, pretty good; |
|                                   | that’s right almost, about,       |
| chàbuduō                          | approximately                     |
|                                   |                                   |
| dating                            | to inquire about, to ask about    |
|                                   |                                   |
| J ide                             | to remember immediately (there’s) |
|                                   | no problem                        |
| mǎshàng mei wèntí                 |                                   |
|                                   | to send to to send here           |
| pài dào pàilai                    |                                   |
|                                   | to recognize, to know to          |
| rènde                             | recognize, to know to know how to |
|                                   | read (literally, ”to recognize    |
| rènshi                            | characters”)                      |
|                                   |                                   |
| rènshi zì                         | to hear that                      |
|                                   |                                   |
| tīngshuō                          | to forget to forget completely    |
|                                   | problem, question                 |
| wàng wàngj i wánquán wèntí        |                                   |
|                                   | to think of, to remember          |
| xiǎngqilai                        | approximat ely                    |
|                                   |                                   |
| zuǒyòu                            | to be intelligent much more maybe |
|                                   | World Bank to take a vacation     |
| (introduced on C-2 tape)          | graduate school if it’s           |
|                                   | not...then it will be... to be    |
| cōngming                          | hardworking the beginning of the  |
|                                   | month the end of the month        |
| duōde duō                         |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| kěnéng                            |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| Shìjiè Yínháng                    |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| xiū Jià                           |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| yanjiuyuàn                        |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| yàobushi...Jiù shi...             |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| yònggōng                          |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| yuèchū                            |                                   |
|                                   |                                   |
| yuèdǐ                             |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

REFERENCE NOTES

1.  B:  Wèi.

A: Zhāng Xiānsheng ma?

2.  B:  Shìde. Nín shi bu shi Bái

Nushì?

A:  Shi. Zhāng Xiānsheng, wǒ

yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.

Hello.

Is this Mr. Zhāng?

Yes. Is this Miss White?

Yes. Mr. Zhāng, I have something

I would like to ask you about.

Notes on Nos. 1-2

Gēn nín dating, "ask information from you": Note that the prepositional
verb gēn is translated as "from." Dating, "to inquire," is less formal
than qǐngjiào and requests information rather than advice.

Objects of reduplicated verbs: Reduplicated verbs may be followed only
by DEFINITE objects. Indefinite objects of reduplicated verbs precede
those verbs. In the last sentence of exchange 2, the object of the
reduplicated verb dating dating is indefinite: yíjiàn shi, "a matter"
Thus the object is introduced in the clause wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi which
precedes the entire verb phrase xiǎng gēn nín dating dating.

Reduplicating a verb makes it indefinite; adding an indefinite object
might cause confusion. The reduplicated verbs in the sentences below
have definite objects:

Wǒ xiǎng dating

gēn nín dǎting nèijiàn shi.

I

would

like to

ask you about that.

Wǒ xiǎng dǎting

gēn nín dǎting zhèijiàn shi.

I

would

like to

ask you about this.

Wǒ xiǎng dǎt ing

gēn nín dǎting tāde shi.

I

would like to matter (about

ask you about his him).

Wǒ xiǎng dǎting

gēn nín dǎting nǐde nèijiàn shi.

I

would like to ask you about that matter of yours.

Simple verbs are used in the following sentences, which have indefinite

objects:

  -------------------------- ----- ------------ --- ----------------------- ---- ----- ----- ------- -------
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn yìdiǎn shi.   nín   dǎt ing      I   would like thing.       to   ask   you   about   some-
  Wǒ xiǎng gēn duō shi.      nín   dǎting hěn   I   would like of things.   to   ask   you   about   a lot
  Wo xiǎng gēn Jijiàn shi.   nín   dǎting       I   would like things.      to   ask   you   about   a few
  -------------------------- ----- ------------ --- ----------------------- ---- ----- ----- ------- -------

3. B: Shénme shi?

A: Tīngshuō nín nabian xīn láile yíwèi Fang Xiānsheng, shi gang
pàilaide; tāde míngzi wǒ wàngji le.

What is it?

I have heard that you recently had a Mr. Fāng join you, who has just
been assigned to your office. I have forgotten his given name.

Notes on No. 3

Tīngshuō corresponds to the English "I hear that....”

...laile yíwèi Fāng Xiānsheng, ’’there came a Mr. Fāng”: While "a" and
’’the" are used in English to distinguish between indefinite and
definite, word order accomplishes the same distinction in Chinese. The
subject "A Mr. Fāng” is placed AFTER the verb because the subject is
indefinite. With an indefinite subject following the verb, information
preceding the verb may give location, time, or other scene-setting
details.

Zhèr xīn kāile yige hen        A very good restaurant opened here

hǎode fànguǎnzi.                recently.

Zuótiān láile yìxiē Rìběn Some Japanese came yesterday, rén.

Yījīng qùle wǔbǎige rén.       Five hundred people have already

gone there.

Verbs of appearing and verbs of disappearing ("to come,” "to discover,"
"to happen/occur") introduce indefinite subjects, as do the words yǒu
and yǒude.

Wàibian you Jige rén zhao nī.

Yǒude rén bù xīhuan hē chá.

There are some people outside who want to see you.

Some people don’t like to drink tea

Some situations may be described with either yǒu or another verb.

Zuótiān you yige rén lái zhāo nī.

Zuótiān láile yige rén yào zhāo ni dāngmiàn tántan.

Yesterday there was someone here looking for you.

Yesterday someone was here who was looking for you to talk with you in
person.

Subjects occurring at the end of a sentence are indefinite, whether or
not they are accompanied by yige. Subjects preceding the verb in a
sentence are definite, whether or not they are accompanied by zhèige,
nèige, zhèixiē nèixiē, or other specifying words.

Lái rén le.

Rén lái le.

Some people have come.

The people have come, (i.e., those whom we were expecting)

Míngzi means "name"—of an object, a place, or a person (GIVEN NAME).
Occasionally, míngzi is used, for a person’s full name (surname and
given name). This usage is more common in the PRC.

Wàngji is a verb meaning "to forget"—used especially in reference to
forgetting facts. Wàng, "to forget," is more commonly used, for
forgetting to do something. The verb J ide means "to remember."

U. B: Bú cuò, Fang Deming shi        That’s right. Fang Deming was sent

shàngge lībài pài dào          over here last week,

women zhèli láide.

B: Zěnme? NǏ rènshi ta ma? Why? Do you know him?

Notes on No. k

Bú cuò means "not bad" in the sense of "pretty good," "pretty well,"
"all right."

Nǐ zěnmeyàng?                   How are things going?

Bú cuò.                          Not bad.

In the first sentence of No. k, bú cuò means "that’s right, your
information is not wrong."

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Lǐ Xiānsheng, nǐ gang cóng        | Mr. Li, you Just got back from    |
| Xianggang huílai, shi ma?         | Hong Kong, didn’t you?            |
|                                   |                                   |
| Bú cuò, wǒ shi zuotiān huilaide.  | That’s right. I got back          |
|                                   | yesterday.                        |
| Here are more examples of bú cuò: |                                   |
|                                   | That restaurant really has pretty |
| Nèige fànguānzide cài zhēn bú     | good food.                        |
| cuò.                              |                                   |
|                                   | He speaks Chinese pretty well.    |
| Tā shuō Zhōngguo huà, shuōde bú   |                                   |
| cuò.                              | adverb precedes bú cuò: zhēn bú   |
|                                   | cuò                               |
| In the first example, notice that |                                   |
| an                                |                                   |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Pài dào...lái is a three-part verb: action verb (also expressing
MOTION), prepositional verb (must take an object), and directional verb
(lái, qù)

ACTION PREPOSITIONAL                DIRECTIONAL

VERB         VERB         OBJECT         VERB

  ----- ----- ----------- -----
  pāo   dào   shānshang   qù
  ban   dào   zhèr        lái
  ná    dào   xuéxiào     qù
  zōu   dào   hōubianr    lái
  ----- ----- ----------- -----

to run up on the hill”

to move it into here”

to take it to school”

to walk to the back”

Zěnme, ’’why," ”how come,” ”how is it that...,”⁹ is a more colloquial
and challenging word for ’’why” than wèishenme. Only a reason or an
explanation is requested by wèishénme. Zěnme expresses more, emphasizing
the speaker’s surprise or lack of understanding.

Nimende bàngōngshì zěnme How is it that your office is so zènme xiǎo?
                    small?

Tā fùmǔ dōu shuō Zhōngguo huà, tā zěnme bú huì shuō?

Zènme yàojìnde shi, wō zěnme wàngle zuò le?

Nì zěnme bú niàn shū ne?

Nì zěnme bù shuō huà? You shénme bù gāoxìngde shi ma?

Both his parents speak Chinese. How is it that he can’t?

How could I have forgotten to do such an important thing?

How come you’re not studying?

How come you’re not saying anything? Is there something you are unhappy
about ?

The meaning of zěnme is sometimes affected by the aspect marker used:

Ni zěnme lái le?               How come you are here? (i.e.,

’’What are you doing here?”)

Nì (shi) zěnme láide?

How did you get here? (i.e., by what means of transportation)

Rènshi the state verb means ”to know” in the sense of ”to be acquainted
with,” "to be familiar with,” ”to recognize.” As an action verb, rènshi

means to meet, to get acquainted

(STATE VERB)

Nī rènshi Zhāng Guóquán ma?

Nī rènshi ta ma?

Women bú tài rènshi.

Women qùnián hai bú rènshi.

(ACTION VERB)

Wǒ zài Měiguode shíhou, rènshile hen duō Měiguo niánqīng rén.¹⁰

Wǒ shi qiánnián rènshi tade.

Nèige shíhou women hai méi rènshi.

Tā shi yige hen hāode rén, nī yīnggāi rènshi renshi.¹¹

with.”

Do you know Zhāng Guóquán?

Do you know him?

We are not too well acquainted.

We did not know each other yet last year.

When I was in America, I met a lot of young Americans.

I met him the year before last.

At that time we had not yet met.

He is a very good person; you should get to know him.

As a state verb, rènshi is used for "knowing” or "recognizing" Chinese
characters.

Nī rènshi duōshǎoge Zhōngguo How many Chinese characters do you zì?
                           know/recognize?

Nī rènshi zhèige zì ma?        Do you recognize this character?

Contrast the meanings of rènshi and zhīdào: rènshi, "to know" a person;
zhīdào, "to know of" a person

Nī rènshi Tang Xiǎojiě ma?     Do you know Miss Tang?

Wǒ zhīdào ta, dànshi women     I know of her, but we haven’t met.

méi Jiànguo.

When a place is being discussed, rènshi means "to know how to get
LthereJ." Zhīdào continues to mean "to know of La place]."

Nī rènshi nèige diànyīngyuàn Do you know how to get to that movie ma?
                           theater?

Nī zhīdào nèige diànyīngyuàn Do you know of that movie theater? ma?

5. A: Bú rènshi.

A: Búguò tīngshuō tā yě shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, suéyi xiǎng qīng ni
gěi wo jièshao Jièshao.

I don’t know him.

However, I have heard that he also graduated from the University of
California, so I wanted to ask you to introduce me to him.

Note on No. 5

the University of California": type of school may stand such as

Shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué bìyède, "graduated from The name of a school or a word
describing the in front of the verb bìyè with no preceding prepositional
verb, céng, "from."

Nī érzi yījīng dàxué/zhōng-xué/xiǎoxué bìyè le ma?

Tā dàxué hái méi bìyè ne.

Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.

Has your son graduated from college/ high school/elementary school
already?

He has not graduated from college yet

He graduated from Taiwan University.

at," or céng, "from."

What high school did you graduate from?

I graduated last year from the University of Texas.

I graduated from Běijīng University in ’78.

Bìyè may also be preceded by either zài,

Nī shi zài neige zhōngxué bìyède?

Wǒ qùnián céng Dézhōu Dàxué bìyè le.

Wǒ shi qībānián céng Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.

Bìyè, meaning "to complete a course of study," is a compound made up of
a verb plus a general object. For this reason, the object yè may be
separated from the verb bì. This separation occurs most frequently in
sentences containing the shi... de construction.

Tā shi yīJiǔqīliànián bide yè. He graduated in 1976.

6. B: Méi wèntí. Wǒ kànkan...hǎo, women xiànzài dōu yǒu gōngfu.

No problem. I’ll take a look

Okay, we are both free now.

Can you come now?

B: Nī xiànzài néng lái ma?

Note on No. 6

The noun wèntí can mean "question," "problem," or "difficulty." Tā wènle
hǎoduō wèntí.         He asked a lot of questions.

Nà shi yige hěn dàde wèntí. That’s a hig problem.

Nì yǒu wèntí ma? could mean either ”Do you have any questions?” or ’’Are
you having any problems?”

7. A: Xíng.                            That will be fine.

A: Wǒ mǎshàng dào nín bàngōngshì I’ll come to your office right away,
lái.

A: Chàbuduō bànge zhōngtóu jiù I’ll be there in about half an hour, dào.

Notes on No. 7

The adverb mashàng (literally, ”on horseback”) means "immediately,”
"right away."

Chàbuduō may be translated fairly literally as "does not differ much."
Other translations are "about,” "approximately," "almost."

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Chàbuduō bādiǎn le.               | It is nearly eight o’clock.       |
|                                   |                                   |
| Zhèběn shū wǒ chàbuduō kànwán le. | I have almost finished reading    |
|                                   | this book.                        |
| Tāmen chàbuduō bādiSn zhōng lái.  |                                   |
|                                   | They are coming at around eight   |
| Nàge xuexiào yǒu chàbuduō         | o’clock.                          |
| sānbǎige xuésheng.                |                                   |
|                                   | That school has approximately     |
| -   8. Jìde                       | three hundred students.           |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   9. rènde                      | to remember                       |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   10. rènshi zì                 | to recognize, to know (alternate  |
|                                   | word for rènshi)                  |
| -   11. wàng                      |                                   |
|                                   | to know how to read (literally,   |
| -   12. wánquán                   | "to recognize characters")        |
|                                   |                                   |
| -   13. xiāngqilai                | to forget (alternate word for     |
|                                   | wàngji, especially in the sense   |
| 1U. zuǒyōu                        | of forgetting to DO something)    |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | completely                        |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to think of, to remember          |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | approximat ely                    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

The verb jìde, ”to remember,” acts

Ni Jide Wáng Xiao Ming ma?

Jìde. Tā shi wǒ àiren dàxuéde tóngxué.

Wǒ zuótiān bú Jìde tā xing shénme. Jīntiān you xiǎngqilai le.

like a state verb.

Do you remember Wáng Xiao Ming?

I remember (him). He is my spouse’s college classmate.

Yesterday I couldn’t remember what his name is. Today I remembered it
(again).

Rende, "to recognize," "to know," is usually interchangeable with
rènshi.

Both rènshi and rende are most often made negative with bù.

Nī rende ta ma?                Do you know him?

Bú rende.                        No.

Tā lù yě bú rende.             He doesn’t even know the way.

Women qùnián hái bú rénde. We did not know each other last year.

Wàng, "to forget," is an action verb.

Wǒ hen róngyi bǎ rén míngzi I forget people’s names very easily, wàng
le.

Nimen dōu bǎ chēpiào nálai Did all of you bring your bus tickets? le ma?

Wǒ wàng le.                     I forgot (mine).

Wǒ méi wàng.                    I didn’t forget.

Wánquán, "completely," is an adverb used to modify verbs.

Tā xiěde zì wánquán duì.       The character he wrote is completely

right.

Tā wánquán bù dong.            He doesn’t understand any part of

this.

Wǒ wánquán bù zhīdào zhèijiàn I don’t know anything about this shi.
                            matter.

Xiǎngqilai, "to think of," "to remember," is a compound verb of result.
It is made up of xiǎng, "to think"; qī, "to rise"; and lái, "to come."¹²
As an ending showing result, -qīlái may have either its literal meaning
of "to come up" or more abstract meanings such as "to come to mind."¹³

Qǐng bǎ yīzi bānqilai.

Qīng nimen zhànqilai.

Nèige zì wo xiǎngqilai le.

Please lift up the chair.

Please stand up.

I remember that character.

Zuǒyòu (literally, "left-right”) Wǒ wǔdiǎn zuǒyòu lai jiē ni.

Nī qù mǎi diǎnr píngguǒ, hǎo bu hǎo?

Yào duōshǎo?

Sānjīn zuǒyòu jiù gòu le.

means "approximately,” "about."

I will come to get you about five o’clock.

How about going to buy some apples?

How many do you want?

About three catties should be enough

DRILLS

A. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Wǒ yǒu yíjiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.

(I have something I would like to ask you about.)

OR Nèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.

(I would like to ask you about that matter.)

-   2. Wǒ yǒu hěn duō shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.

-   3. Zhèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.

U. Tāde shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.

5. Wǒ you jijiàn shi xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.

6. Nide nèijiàn shi, wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting.

You; Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting yíjiàn shi.

(l would like to ask you something. )

Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nèijiàn shi.

(I would like to ask you about that matter.)

Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting hěn duō shi

Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting zhèi' jiàn shi.

Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting tāde shi.

Wo xiǎng gēn nín dǎting jijiàn shi.

Wǒ xiǎng gēn nín dǎting dǎting nide nèijiàn shi.

B. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker; Tāde míngzi wǒ wàng le.

(I have forgotten his given name.)

-   2. Tāde dìzhì wǒ wàngJi le.

-   3. Tā shénme shíhou lai wǒ wàng le.

It. Nèibān fēijī jldiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le.

You: Tāde míngzi wo wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?

(I have forgotten his given name. Do you remember it?)

Tāde dìzhì wǒ wàngji le, ni hai jìde ma?

Tā shénme shíhou lái wǒ wàng le, nì. hai jìde ma?

Nèibān fēijī jldiǎn zhōng dào wǒ wàngji le, ni hái Jìde ma?

-   5. Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde wō wàng le.

-   6. Women zài náli huàn chē wō wàngji le.

-   7. Yínháng Jīdiǎn zhōng guān mén wō wàng le.

Tā shi něinián dào Zhōngguo qùde wō wàng le, ni hái Jide ma?

Wōmen zài náli huàn chē wō wàngji le, ni hái Jide ma?

Yínháng jīdiǎn zhōng guān mén wō wàng le, ni hái jìde ma?

-   C. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàilaide.

(cue) zhèli

(I have heard he was Just sent over.)

-   2. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude. nàli

-   3. Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pàilaide. Táihěi

U. Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pàiqude.    Táinán

-   5. Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pàilaide .    Táizhōng

-   6. Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pàiqude.

Gāoxiōng

-   7. Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pàilaide. zhèli

You: Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide.

(I have heard he was Just sent over here.)

Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào nàli qùde.

Tīngshuō Lī Xiānsheng shi gāng pài dào Táihěi láide.

Tīngshuō Wáng Xiǎojiě shi gāng pài dào Táinán qùde.

Tīngshuō tā gēge shi gāng pài dào Táizhōng láide.

Tīngshuō tā shi gāng pài dào Gāoxiōng qùde.

Tīngshuō nín shi gāng pài dào zhèli láide.

-   D. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā shi Jiāzhōu Dàxué You: Tā shi yījiǔsìwǔnián Jiāzhōu
    bìyède.                          Dàxué bìyède.

(cue) yījiǔsìwǔnián          (In 19^5 he graduated from the

(He graduated from the           University of California.)

University of California. )

2. Tā shi Táiwān Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔwǔliùnián

3. Tā shi Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔliùqīnián

U. Tā shi Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède. yīJ iǔliùèrnián

-   5. Tā shi Běijīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsìqīnián

-   6. Tā shi Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānlíngnián

-   7. Tā shi Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède. yīj iǔsānqīnián

Tā shi yījiǔwǔliùnián Táiwān Dàxué bìyède.

Tā shi yījiǔliùqīnián Mázhōu Dàxué bìyède.

Tā shi yījiǔliùèrnián Dézhōu Dàxué bìyède.

Tā shi yījiǔsìqīnián Běijīng Dàxué bìyède.

Tā shi yījiǔsānlíngnián Dōngběi Dàxué bìyède.

Tā shi yījiǔsānqīnián Nánjīng Dàxué bìyède.

-   E. Expansion Drill

    -   1. Speaker: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì.

    (I have seen this character before.)

    OR Wǒ zhīdào tā shi shéi. (I know who he is.)

    -   2. Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě.

    -   3. Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang.

    -   4. Wǒ zhīdào tā shi LĪ Kēzhǎng.

    You: Wǒ kànjianguo zhèige zì, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi zhèige zì.

    (I have seen this character before, but I don’t recognize it.)

    Wǒ zhīdào tā shi shéi, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.

    (I know who he is, but I’m not acquainted with him.)

    Wǒ kànjianguo Zhāng Xiǎojiě, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi Zhāng Xiǎojiě.

    Wǒ qùguo nèige dìfang, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi nèige dìfang.

    Wǒ zhīdào tā shi Lī Kēzhǎng, kěshi wǒ bú rènshi Lī Kēzhǎng.

-   5. Wǒ kànjianguo.                      Wǒ kànjianguo, kěshi wǒ bú
    rènshi.

-   6. Wǒ zhīdao tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde Wǒ zhidao tā shi Wáng Xiǎojiěde
    gēge, gēge.                               kěshi wǒ bú rènshi ta.

-   F. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker; Chàbuduō bànge zhōng-tǒu jiù dào.

(I’ll be there in about half an hour.)

-   2. Chàbuduō yào yíge zhōngtǒu.

-   3. Tā zhùle chàbuduō sāntiān.

U. Tā chàbuduō wǔshísuì le.

-   5. Nèiběn shū chàbuduō yào shíkuài qián.

-   6. Chàbuduō yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng.

-   7. Chàbuduō sānge xingqī.

You: Bànge zhōngtǒu zuǒyòu jiù dào (i’ll be there in about half an
hour.)

Yào yíge zhōngtǒu zuǒyòu.

Tā zhùle sāntiān zuǒyòu.

Tā wǔshísuì zuǒyòu le.

Nèiběn shū yào shíkuài qián zuǒyòu

Yào zǒu sìshiwǔfēn zhōng zuǒyòu.

Sānge xīngqī zuǒyòu.

G. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Ni xiànzài lái ma? (cue) mǎshàng

(Are you coming now?)

-   2. Tā bādiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō

-   3. Tā shídiǎn zhōng qù ma? zuǒyòu

U. Nimen xiànzài zǒu ma? mǎshàng

-   5. Tāmen báhào qù ma? zuǒyòu

-   6. Tāmen Jiúdiǎn zhōng lái ma? chàbuduō

-   7. Ni shíhào zài Niù Yuē ma? zuǒyòu

You: Wǒ mǎshàng lǎi.

(I’m coming right away.)

Tā chàbuduō bādiǎn zhōng lǎi.

Tā shídiǎn zhōng zuǒyòu qù.

Wōmen mǎshàng zǒu.

Tāmen báhào zuǒyòu qù.

Tāmen chàbuduō jiǔdiǎn zhōng lái

Wǒ shíhào zuǒyòu zài Niù Yuē.

UNIT 8

REFERENCE LIST

-   1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.

-   A: Wei, wo shi Láidēng Dàshi-de mishū.

-   2. A: Dàshī jiēzháo nimende qǐngtiě le.

-   3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè jiǔ hào bù néng lai.

-   A: Qǐng ni zhuǎngào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.

A: Hen bàoqiàn.

U. B: Hen yíhàn, Laidēng Dàshǐ bù néng lái.

-   B: Wǒ tì ni zhuangào yíxià.

-   5. A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women yǒu Jige tongxué Xingqīliù jìhua dào
    Chángchéng qù wánr.

-   A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqī qù?

-   6. B: Zhēn bù qiǎo.

-   B: Nèitiān women yǒu shì, méi bànfa qù.

-   T. A: Xiwang yīhòu zài zhao jīhui jùyijù ba.

-   B: Hǎo a.

Hello. This is the Protocol Department.

Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s secretary.

The ambassador received your invitation.

Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come on
August 9.

Please inform Minister Qiáo.

I’m very sorry.

We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come.

I will pass on the message for you.

Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall
Saturday for an outing.

Can you go with us?

We really couldn’t make that.

We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going.

I hope that late we will find an other opportunity to get together.

Okay.

ADDITIONAL REQUIRED VOCABULARY (not presented on C-l and P-1 tapes)

-   8. dàjiā

-   9. jiēdào

-   10. tǒngshì

-   11. yinggāi

everybody, everyone

to receive (alternate form of jiēzháo)

fellow worker, colleague

should, ought to, must

VOCABULARY

ban fa bàoqiàn bùzhǎng

method, way to be sorry minister (of a government organization)

Chángchéng

the Great Wall

dàjiā

everybody, everyone

Jiē

to receive (mail, messages, guests,

phone calls)

jiēdào

to receive

Jù

to assemble

jùyijù

to get together

kěxl

unfortunately, what a pity

Llbīnsī

Protocol Department (PRC)

méi banfa

there’s no way out, it can’t

be helped

mi shū

secretary, executive assistant

qiǎo

to be timely, to be opportune

qingtiě (qìngtiē)

written invitation

tì

substituting for, in place of

tóngshì

fellow worker, colleague

tóngxué

classmate

yíhàn

to regret (that something desirable

will not happen)

yīnggāi

should, ought to, must

zhuǎngào

to pass on a message, to inform

(introduced on C-2 tape)

  --------------- ---------------------------------------
  cānjiā          to participate in, to join, to attend
  dào xi          to congratulate
  dìèrtiān        the next day
  Jīngj ibù       Ministry of Economics
  jūnshì yǎnxí    military maneuvers
  láodōng mófàn   model worker
  --------------- ---------------------------------------

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| nánbù                             | the southern part (of the         |
|                                   | island), the south                |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| shàngxiào                         | colonel                           |
|                                   |                                   |
| tīngdechūlái                      | to be able to recognize what      |
|                                   | something is from the sound       |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| tóngxuéhuì                        | alumni association (literally,    |
|                                   | "fellow-student group")           |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| tōngzhī                           | (written) announcement,           |
|                                   | notification to thank him for his |
| xièxie tāde yāoqing zhèngzhi      | invitation political study        |
| xuéxí zhuchí jiéhūn               | session                           |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | to preside at a marriage ceremony |
|                                   | (i.e., to give the bride away)    |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| zǒng jīnglī                       | general manager (chief executive  |
|                                   | officer)                          |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

(introduced in Communication Game)

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| dàngāo qìsi                       | cake                              |
|                                   |                                   |
|                                   | cheese                            |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

REFERENCE NOTES

-   1. B: Wài, zhèi shi Lǐbīnsī.         Hello. This is the Protocol
    Department.

-   A: Wèi, wǒ shi Láidēng Dàshǐde    Hello. I am Ambassador Leyden’s

mishū.                           secretary.

Notes on No. 1

Lǐbīnsī, meaning "protocol department," is made up of lǐ, "ceremony";
bin, "honored guests"; and sī, "department."

Mishū means "secretary" in two senses: 1) a high-ranking official 2) a
clerk-typist.

-   2. A: Dàshǐ Jiēzháo nǐmende qǐngtiě le.

The ambassador received your invitation.

Notes on No. 2

The verb Jiē, "to receive," may be used for receiving guests, mail,
messages, and phone calls.

Jiēzháo (jiēdao), "to receive," is a compound verb of result. The
endings -zháo and -dào mean approximately the same thing: "to
successfully obtain something" Jiēzháo and Jiēdao occur in four ways:
with le or mei (describing ACTUAL situations) and with -de- or -bu-
(describing POTENTIAL situations)

  ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------
  Wǒ zuótiān qù huǒchēzhàn Jiē   Yesterday I went to the train station
  ta, kěshi méi Jiēzháo/         to get him, but I missed him.
  Jiēdào.                        
  Nǐ zǎo yìdiǎnr qù Jiē ta,      If you go a little earlier, (then)
  Jiù Jiēdezháo/Jiēdedào.        you can get him.
  Míngtiān yàoshi láiwǎnle       If I am late tomorrow, (then) I won’t
  Jiù Jiēbuzháo/Jiēbudào         (be able to) receive his phone call.
  tāde diànhuà.                  
  ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------

Qingtiě refers to a written invitation. The word is also pronounced
qǐngtiě.

-   3. A: Hen kěxī, yīnwei tā you shi, Báyuè Jiǔhào "bù néng lái.

    Unfortunately, because he has a previous engagement, he cannot come
    on August 9-

    Please inform Minister Qiáo.

    I’m very sorry.

-   A: Qīng ni zhuangào Qiáo Bùzhǎng.

A: Hen bàoqiàn.

Notes on No. 3

Kěxī may be used as an exclamation: Zhēn kěxī! ’’That’s really too bad!”

Zhuǎngào means "to pass along Cword of something]." Zhuǎn literally
means "to turn" or "to transmit." Gào means "to tell,” as in gàosu.

Bàoqiàn is an adjectival verb that means "to be sorry," "to feel
apologetic" (e.g., for not fulfilling one’s social obligations).
Literally, bào means "to embrace Ca feeling]," "to harbor Ca feeling]."
Qiàn means "apologetic feelings," "guilt feelings."

H. B: Hěn yíhàn, Láidēng Dàshī bù néng lái.

B: Wǒ tì ni zhuǎngào yíxià.

We very much regret that Ambassador Leyden cannot come.

I will pass on the message for you.

Notes on No. U

Yíhàn is a formal term used to express disappointment or regret that
something desirable will not happen.

Tì, "for," "in place of," is a prepositional verb meaning in place of
another, or in another’s stead.

Jīntiān wǒ tì nī Jiāo shū. I will teach for you today, (i.e., in your
place)

Wǒ tì nī qù.                    I will go for you. (i.e., instead

of you)

To make a sentence containing tì negative, place bù or méi in front of
the prepositional verb.

Wǒ bú yào tì ni qù mǎi cài. I don’t want to go to buy groceries for you.

Tā méi tì wǒ lái Jiǎng huà. He did not come to speak in my place.

Both gěi and tì may be translated as "for." Gěi, having a wider range of
usage, would seem to overlap in some instances with tì. The more exact
meaning of tì may be used to clarify a situation.

Wǒ gěi ni mǎi cài.

Wǒ tì ni mǎi cài.

I will buy groceries for you.

(WHO PAYS? DID YOU VOLUNTEER ONLY

TO SHOP, OR TO PAY ALSO?)

I will buy groceries for you.

(CLARIFIED: YOU HAVE VOLUNTEERED ONLY TO SHOP, NOT TO PAY.)

Yíxià, "a bit,” is not translated in No. U. This word adds to the action
in the sentence a casual feeling, similar to the effect of reduplicating
a verb. (Notice that this use of yíxià is different from previous
examples, where the word meant ”for a little while.”)

5. A: Mǎ Mínglǐ, women you Jige tóngxué Xīngqīliù jìhua dào Chángchéng
qù wánr.

A: Nǐmen néng bu néng yìqī qù?

Mǎ Mínglǐ, a few of us students are planning to go to the Great Wall
Saturday for an outing.

Can you go with us?

Notes on No. 5

Tongxué means "fellow student" or "graduate of the same institution.
"Fellow worker" or "colleague" is tǒngshì.

Chángchéng: Cháng means "long," and chéng is an old word for "city
wall." The full name of the Great Wall is Wànlǐ Chángchéng, literally
"10,000 lǐ-long wall."¹⁴

Néng, kéyi, and huì compared: and therefore state verbs—mean "

The core meaning of néng is "can, In some cases, néng may also mean is
possible," and "to know how to.'

Wǒde tóu téng, bù néng kàn shū.

Shàng kède shíhou, bù néng shuō huà.

Zhījiāgē Shíyīyuè jiù néng xià xuě.

Tǎ zhēn néng shuō huà.

The core meaning of kéyi is "can," also mean "could be/is possible."

All three of these auxiliary verbs— can" to some extent.

"to be able to," "to be capable of." may," "to be permitted," "could be/
I

My head aches; I can’t read.

Talking is not permitted during class.

It can snow in November in Chicago. (POSSIBILITY)

He really knows how to talk.

"may," "to be permitted to." Kéyi may The permission implied by kéyi may
come from an outside authority or may be self-imposed.

NÍ kéyi zǒu le.                 You may leave.

Cong zhèige mén jìnqu, kéyi May one go in through this door? ma?

Nàrde fàn kéyi chī.            The food there may be eaten, (i.e.,

it is possible to eat it)

Wǒ bù shūfu, bù kéyi yóuyǒng. I don’t feel good; I can’t go swimming.
(i.e., the speaker decides that he should not go)

The core meaning of huì is "to know how to," "can." Huì is often used
for an activity that was learned, in contrast to néng for activities
that "can be done" because of a person’s physical condition ("Can she
get out of bed yet?" Tā néng bu néng xià chuáng?). The other main use of
huì is to indicate possibility. Here it overlaps with both néng and kéyi
in meaning "could be/ is possible."

Nìde érzi huì zǒu lù le ma? Can your son walk now?

(BABY LEARNING TO WALK)

Nì huì shuō Yīngwén ma?        Can you speak English?

Míngtiān huì xià yǔ.           It might/will rain tomorrow.

Tā bú huì bù lái.               It is not possible that he won’t come.

6. B: Zhen bù qiǎo.

B: Neitiān women yǒu shi, méi bànfa qù.

We really couldn’t make that.

We have a previous engagement that day; we have no way of going.

Notes on No. 6

Bù qiǎo literally means "inopportune," "not timely."

Méi bànfa: Bànfa means "method," "way." Within a sentence, méi bànfa is
used as "there is no way to...," "there is no way that...." Used
independently, méi bànfa means "nothing can be done," "it can’t be
helped," "there is no way out."

  ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------
  7. A: Xīwang yīhòu zài zhāo Jīhui   I hope that later we will find
  JùyiJù ba.                          another opportunity to get together
  B: Hǎo a.                           Okay.
  ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------

  ----- --------- ------------------------------------------
  8.    dàjiā     everybody, everyone
  9.    J iēdao   to receive (alternate form for J iēzháo)
  10.   tōngshì   fellow worker, colleague
  11.   yīnggāi   should, ought to, must
  ----- --------- ------------------------------------------

Notes on Additional Required Vocabulary

Literally, dàjiā means "big family." When dàjiā is the subject of a
sentence, dōu is often placed before the verb.

Dàjiā dōu zhīdào tā shi shéi. Everyone knows who he is.

Xièxie dàjiā.                   Thank you all.

Qīng dàjiā zuōxialai.          Would everyone please sit down.

Wōmen dàjiā yìqī qù ba.        Let’s all go together.

Yīnggāi is an auxiliary verb, which is followed by another verb in a
sentence. Only bù is used to make yīnggāi negative.

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Bú xiè, zhèi shi women yīnggāi    | Don’t thank us. This is something |
| zuòde shi.                        | we should be doing.               |
|                                   |                                   |
| ZhèiJiàn shìqing hen yàoJIn, nī   | This is a very important thing;   |
| yīnggāi māshàng qù bàn.           | you should (go) take care of it   |
|                                   | right away.                       |
| Yige dàxué bìyède rén, bù yīnggāi |                                   |
| yōu zhèiyangde xiǎngfa.           | Someone who has graduated from    |
|                                   | college shouldn’t think this way. |
+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+

DRILLS

A. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā zài Wàijiāobù Lībīnsī gōngzuò.

(cue) wǔlóu

(He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cin3 the Protocol
Department.)

-   2. Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. qīlóu

-   3. Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguān gōngzuò . loushàng

U. Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Guānghuá Lù

-   5. Zhāng Tongzhì zài Shànghai gōngzuò. Nánj īng Lù

-   6. Wáng Nushì zài yínháng gōngzuò. èrlóu

-   7. Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. sānlōu

You: Tā zài Wàijiācbù Lībīnsī gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài wǔlóu.

(He works at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Cin3 the Protocol
Department. His office is on the fifth floor.)

Tā zài zhèr gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài qīlóu.

Tā zài Jiānádà Dàshiguān gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài lóushàng.

Tā zài Běijīng gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Guānghuá Lù.

Zhāng Tóngzhì zài Shànghai gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài Nánjīng Lù.

Wáng Nushì zài yínháng gōngzuò.

Tāde bàngōngshì zài èrlóu.

Wèi Shàoxiào zài Wǔguānchù gōngzuò. Tāde bàngōngshì zài sānlóu.

-   B. Response Drill

-   1. Speaker: Dàshī jiēzháo qīngtiě le ma?

(cue) not yet

(Has the ambassador received the invitation yet?)

-   2. Tāmen dōu Jiezháo qīngtiě le ma? not all

-   3. Nīmen jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qīngtiě le ma? yes

h. Tāmen Jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīngtiě le ma? already

You: Dàshī hái méi jiēzháo qīngtiě.

(The ambassador has not received the invitation yet.)

Tāmen méi dōu jiēzháo qīngtiě.

Women jiēzháo Bùzhāngde qīngtiě le.

Tāmen yījīng jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīngtiě le.

-   5. Nīmen jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qīng-tiě le ma? not yet

-   6. Tā jiēzháo qǐngtiě le ma? no

-   7. Nǐ jiēzháo Wǔguānchùde qǐngtiě le ma? yes

Women hái mei jiēzháo Dàshiguǎnde qǐngtiě.

Tā méi jiēzháo qǐngtiě.

Wǒ jiēzháo Wuguānchùde qǐngtiě le.

-   C. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tā bù néng lái. (cue) kěxī

(He cannot come.)

-   2. Tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo.    kěxī

-   3. Tā méi lái. yíhàn

U. Tāmen bù néng dōu lái. bàoqiàn

-   5. Tāmen dōu bù lái. kěxī

-   6. Tāmen dōu bù néng qù. bàoqiàn

-   7. Tā hái méi qù. yíhàn

You: Hěn kěxī, tā bù néng lái. (Unfortunately, he cannot come.)

Hěn kěxī, tā xué Zhōngguo huà xuéde bù hěn hǎo.

Hěn yíhàn, tā méi lái.

Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen bù néng dōu lái.

Hěn kěxī, tāmen dōu bù lái.

Hěn bàoqiàn, tāmen dōu bù néng qù.

Hěn yíhàn, tā hái méi qù.

D. Expansion Drill

-   1. Speaker: Qīng ni zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng.

(Please inform Minister Zhāng.)

-   2. Wō zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le. nǐ

-   3. Tā hái méi zhuǎngào Lī Kēzhǎng. nǐ

U. Tā bù néng zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng. wǒ

You: Qīng ni tì wǒ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng.

(Please inform Minister Zhāng for me.)

Wǒ tì nǐ zhuǎngào Zhāng Bùzhǎng le

Tā hái méi tì nǐ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.

Tā bù néng tì wǒ zhuǎngào Lǐ Kēzhǎng.

-   5. Wǒ yījīng zhuǎngào dàshī le. nī

-   6. Wǒ míngtiān jiù zhuǎngào dàshī. nī

-   7. Tā shi zuótiān zhuǎngào dàhīde.    nī

Wǒ yījīng tì nī zhuǎngào dàshī le.

Wo míngtiān jiù tì nī zhuǎngào dàshī.

Tā shi zuótiān tì nī zhuǎngào dàshīde.

E. Transformation Drill

-   1. Speaker: Tāmen míngtiān lǎi.

(cue) together

(They are coming tomorrow.)

OR Tāmen zuótiān lǎi le.

(cue) together (They came yesterday.)

-   2. Tā míngtiān zǒu. alone

-   3. Tā zuótiān zǒu le. alone

H. Wǎng Tongzhì míngtiān qù

Nǎnj īng.    by train

5. Wǎng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī qù Shànghǎi le. by plane

6. Tā qù le. alone

You: Tāmen míngtiān yìqī lǎi ma?

(Are they coming together tomorrow?)

Tāmen zuótiān shi yìzī lǎide ma?

(Did they come together yesterday?)

Tā míngtiān yige ren zǒu ma?

Tā zuótiān shi yige rén zoude ma?

Wǎng Tóngzhì míngtiān zuò huochē qù Nánjīng ma?

Wǎng Tóngzhì Xīngqīyī shi zuò fēijī qù Shànghǎide ma?

Tā shi yige rén qùde ma?

-   F. Substitution Drill

-   1. Speaker: Nèitiān women yǒu shi, bù néng qù.

(cue) no way of going (That day we have a previous engagement;

we cannot go.)

-   2. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, méi bànfa qù. cannot go together

-   3. Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqǐ qù. not all of us can go

U. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, bù néng dōu qù. none of us can go

-   5. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, dǒu bù néng qù. did not go

-   6. Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù. not all of us went

-   7. Nèitiān women yǒu shi, méi dōu qù.

You: Nèitiān wōmen you shi, méi bānfa qù.

(That day we have a previous engagement; we have no way of going.)

Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng yìqi qù.

Nèitiān women you shi, bù néng dōu qù.

Nèitiān women yǒu shi, dōu bù néng qù.

Nèitiān women you shi, méi qù.

Nèitiān women you shi, méi dōu qù.

GPO 689—101/8721

269

¹

A different pattern is used to say that two things are the same. (See
MTG, Unit 3, notes on Nos. U-5.)

²

To say "A is not as . . . as B," you use a different construction, which
you will learn in MTG, Unit 6, notes on No. 2.

³

The verb láidejí/láibují does not occur without the inserted -de- or
-bu-.

⁴

You have already seen wán in Piào dōu màiwán le.

⁵

The remaining sentences in this exchange occur on the C-l tape.

⁶

The words "this," "next," and "last" in English are often ambiguous.
"This" sometimes means "just past," sometimes "the coming," and
sometimes "of next week." "Next" sometimes means "the coming" and
sometimes means "of next week." "Last" sometimes means "Just past" and
sometimes means "of last week." In Chinese, however, zhèige usually
means "of this week"; xiàge, "of next week"; and shàngge, ^(H)of last
week." But ambiguities do sometimes arise.

Some Chinese consider that the week begins on Sunday. Probably most
Chinese however, consider Monday the first day of the week.

⁷

Bù is also used for a "department" of the U.S. government: Nèizhèngbù,
"Department of the Interior"

⁸

ròu, "meat”

⁹

You have already learned that zěnme can mean ”how."

¹⁰

niánqīng, "to be young"

¹¹

yīnggāi, "should"

¹²

Xiǎngqilai is actually pronounced xiángqilai. The ending -qīlái is in
the neutral tone; because qī was originally in the third tone, xiǎng
changes to the rising tone.

¹³

English prepositions, such as "up," are also used both literally and
abstractly: "look up the wall" (an upward motion) and "look up the phone
number" (no motion indicated by "up")

¹⁴

0ne lǐ is approximately one third of a mile.