FSI-Chinese-text/Numerisés-new/FSI-StandardChinese-OptionalModuleRST-StudentText.xml

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  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" >
  <info>
    <title>FSI - Standard Chinese - Optional Module RST</title>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname>Foreign Service</firstname>
        <surname>Institute</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </info>
  <para>
    CM 0190 S
  </para>
  <para>
    <anchor id="caption1" />
  </para>
  <section xml:id="standard-chinese-a-modular-approach">
    <title><anchor id="bookmark0" /><anchor id="bookmark1" />STANDARD
    CHINESE A Modular Approach</title>
    <para>
      OPTIONAL MODULES:
    </para>
    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          • Restaurant
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          • Hotel
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          • Post Office and Telephone
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          • Car
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
    <para>
      SPONSORED BY
    </para>
    <para>
      AGENCIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS
    </para>
    <para>
      This publication is to be used primarily in support of instructing
      military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program
      (resident and nonresident). Inquiries concerning the use of
      materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:
    </para>
    <para>
      Defense Language Institute
    </para>
    <para>
      Foreign Language Center
    </para>
    <para>
      NonresidentTraining Division
    </para>
    <para>
      Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006
    </para>
    <para>
      Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores,
      etc., which may be considered as controversial from some points of
      view, are sometimes included in the language instruction for
      DLIFLC students since military personnel may find themselves in
      positions where a clear understanding of conversations or written
      materials of this nature will be essential to their mission. The
      presence of controversial statements-whether real or apparent-in
      DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the
      opinions of the writers, the DLIFLC, or the Department of Defense.
    </para>
    <para>
      Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC
      instructional materials to provide instruction in pronunciations
      and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is
      based solely on their value for instruction in the language. It
      does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial
      enterprise, nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other
      brand names and businesses not mentioned.
    </para>
    <para>
      In DLIFLC publications, the words he, him, and/or his denote both
      masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to
      translations of foreign language texts.
    </para>
    <para>
      The DLIFLC may not have full rights to the materials it produces.
      Purchase by the customer does net constitute authorization for
      reproduction, resale, or showing for profit. Generally, products
      distributed by the DLIFLC may be used in any not-for-profit
      setting without prior approval from the DLIFLC.
    </para>
    <para>
      PREFACE
    </para>
    <para>
      Standard. Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency
      conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to
      address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language
      training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to
      reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei.
    </para>
    <para>
      The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible
      enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide
      range of government agencies and academic institutions.
    </para>
    <para>
      A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of
      the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the
      Defense Language Institute, the State Department's Foreign Service
      Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency,
      and the U.S. Office of Education, later Joined by the Canadian
      Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have included
      Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, John Boag, and Hugh Clayton
      (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy
      Gibian, Major Bernard Muller-Thym, and Colonel Roland W. Flemming
      (DLl); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama
      (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant
      Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS).
    </para>
    <para>
      The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in
      197^ in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of
      the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and
      other assistance.
    </para>
    <para>
      Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning
      council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the
      Defense Language Institute, Patricia O'Connor of the University of
      Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and
      James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A.
      Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W.
      Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan
      of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning
      council and contributed material to the project. The planning
      council drew up the original overall design for the materials and
      met regularly to review their development.
    </para>
    <para>
      Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T.
      Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in
      close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese
      staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the
      instructional formats of the comprehension and production
      self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based
      classroom activities and wrote the teacher's guides. Ms. Barale
      and Ms. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. From
      1978 until the project's completion, writers for the course were
      Ms. Barale and Thomas E. Madden. They revised the field-test
      editions of the first six core modules and accompanying optional
      modules, and produced the materials subsequent to Module 6.
    </para>
    <para>
      All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan
      Ouyang Chao, Yunhui Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva
      Diao, Jan Hu, and Tsung-mi Li, assisted for part of the time by
      Leslie L. H. Chang, Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph
      Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mel-li Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in
      the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.
    </para>
    <para>
      Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Joseph
      Abraham, Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna
      Fong, Judith J. Kieda, Renee T. C. Liang, Susan C. Pola, Peggy Ann
      Spitzer, and Kathleen Strype.
    </para>
    <para>
      The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez
      of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese
      script was voiced by Mr. Chang, Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms.
      Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, and Mr. Li. The English script was read by
      Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Mr. Madden, Ms.
      Pola, and Ms. Strype.
    </para>
    <para>
      The graphics were originally produced by John McClelland of the
      Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general
      supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, unit chief.
    </para>
    <para>
      Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the
      cooperation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute
      Foreign Language Center, the Foreign Service Institute, the CIA
      Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force Academy, the
      University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia.
    </para>
    <para>
      The Commandant of the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language
      Center authorized the support necessary to print this edition.
    </para>
    <section xml:id="section">
      <title><anchor id="bookmark2" /><anchor id="bookmark3" />7^1*40</title>
      <para>
        / J^ines R. Frith, Chairman
      </para>
      <para>
        ^/Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board
      </para>
      <para>
        TABLE OF CONTENTS
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark4">Preface</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark5">How to Study an Optional-Module .Tape
        . . • • .........• .</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark6">Objectives for the Restaurant Module
        ...............</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark7">Unit 1: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark8">Part II</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark9">Part III</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark10">Unit Vocabulary List</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark11">Unit 2: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark12">Part II</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark13">Part III</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark14">Unit Vocabulary List .........
        </link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark15">Unit 3: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark16">Part II</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark17">Part III</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark18">Unit Vocabulary List</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark19">Unit Us Part I</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark20">Part II</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark21">Part
        III.....................*..</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark22">Unit Vocabulary List ....</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark23">Foods ..</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark24">Objectives for the Hotel
        Module</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark25">Unit 1: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark26">Part II</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark27">Part III</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark28">Part IV</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark29">Unit Vocabulary List</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark30">Unit 2: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark31">Part II</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark32">Part III</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark33">Part TV....</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark34">Unit Vocabulary List
            .•••••••••••••••••</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark35">Things in a Hotel Room ..........
            .......</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark36">Objectives for the Post Office and
        Telephone Module</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark37">Unit 1: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark38">Part II</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark39">Part III</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark40">Part IV</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        Unit Vocabulary List
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark41">Unit 2: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark42">Part II</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark43">Part III</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="bookmark44">Part IV</link>
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark45">Unit Vocabulary List</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark46">Objectives for the Car Module</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark47">Unit 1: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark48">Part II</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark49">Part III</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark50">Unit Vocabulary List</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark51">Unit 2: Part I</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark52">Part II</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark53">Part III......</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark54">Unit Vocabulary List</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        <link linkend="bookmark55">Parts of a Car</link>
      </para>
      <para>
        How to Study an Optional-Module Tape
      </para>
      <para>
        The format of the optional modules is quite different from the
        format of the core modules, although both focus on what you need
        to know to deal with particular practical situations.
      </para>
      <para>
        Each tape of an optional module is roughly equivalent to the
        five different tapes of a core-module unit, in the sense, at
        least, that it is intended as a self-contained presentation of a
        set of words and structures. Actually, however, an
        optional-module tape is closer to a combination of the C-l and
        P-1 tapes of a core-module unit with almost all explanations
        left in the notes. Moreover, an optional-module tape introduces
        considerably more vocabulary than a core-module unit.
      </para>
      <para>
        Each tape is divided into several parts. Each part introduces
        words and sentences, some of them for comprehension only, next
        reviews all production items, and then reviews comprehension in
        extended dialogues.
      </para>
      <para>
        You may have found that you could work through the C-l and P-1
        tapes of a core-module unit a single time each, perhaps going
        back over a few sections once or twice. You are almost sure to
        find, however, that you need to work through an optional-module
        tape more than once, perhaps frequently backing up and
        frequently stopping to read the Notes.
      </para>
      <para>
        When a new word or sentence is introduced, there is a‘pause on
        the tape before you hear the Chinese. On your first time through
        the tape, you may use this pause to glance at the word or
        sentence in the Reference List. On your next time through the
        tape, you may use it to try to say the Chinese, using the
        Chinese after the pause as a confirmation.
      </para>
      <para>
        In the dialogues at the end of each part, there are very short
        pauses between sentences. These should be just long enough for
        you to stop and start the tape without missing anything. Stop
        the tape whenever you want to think over the previous sentence
        or try to translate it.
      </para>
      <para>
        O'bj ectives
      </para>
      <para>
        General
      </para>
      <para>
        The purpose of the Restaurant Module (RST) is to acquaint you
        with Chinese cuisine and eating customs and to provide you with
        the linguistic skills you need to be able to order food in a
        restaurant or to dine at home.
      </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata fileref="FSI-StandardChinese-OptionalModuleRST-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-OptionalModuleRST-StudentText-1.jpg" />
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para>
        Specific
      </para>
      <para>
        When you have finished this module, you should be able to:
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            1. Name four foods or dishes suitable as a snack or as an
            in-between meal.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            2. Name four dishes in Chinese you might order for dinner.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            3. Name 5 types of meat, fish or fowl.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            U. Translate the names of 10 Chinese dishes (either soups,
            main courses, or desserts) into English.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        5« List the food which accompanies various main courses: rice,
        noodles, pancakes, steamed bread, flower rolls.
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            6. Order a Western-style breakfast.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            7. Order one of the &quot;fixed meals&quot; offered in small
            restaurants.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            8. Order Mongolian Barbecue or Mongolian Hot Pot.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            9. Discuss with a friend what to order for a snack.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            10. Ask for a menu and for help in reading it. Discuss with
            the waiter or waitress what the various dishes are. Ask for
            suggestions in ordering the meal.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            11. Comment on the meal: how the dishes were made, which
            were most pleasing, and when you’ve had enough.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            12. Ask for the check and ask to have the tip figured into
            the total.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            13. Call to make reservations for a dinner party. Discuss
            the menu and cost of the dinner.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        1U. List the different types of courses which go to make up a
        banquet: cold dishes, main courses, soups, and desserts.
      </para>
      <para>
        15. Partake in a formal banquet: toasting friends, wishing them
        well, and responding to the host's hospitality.
      </para>
      <para>
        Restaurant Module, Unit 1
      </para>
      <para>
        PART I
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1. Nl xi&amp;ng chi shénme?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  What do you want to eat?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2. Suíbiàn. Nl dian ba.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  As you like. You order.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  3. Wōmen yào èrshige guōtiē.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  We want twenty fried dumplings.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  U. Wōmen yào sìge bāozi.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  We want four bāozi.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  5. Wōmen yào liángwǎn suān là tāng.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  We want two bowls of sour and hot soup.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        NOTES ON PART I
      </para>
      <para>
        chi: 'to eat'. The verb 'to eat' is often expressed using a
        general object compound, chi fàn, instead of the simple verb
        chi.
      </para>
      <para>
        Nl chī fàn le ma?                    Have you eaten?
      </para>
      <para>
        Wō hái méi chi fàn.                   I haven't eaten yet.
      </para>
      <para>
        suíbiàn: This word meaning 'as you please*, or more literally
        'following convenience', has a variety of uses.
      </para>
      <para>
        Nl suíbiàn mài ba.                   Buy what you want.
      </para>
      <para>
        Nl qù bu qu? Suí nlde               Are you going? Do what you
      </para>
      <para>
        biàn ba.                               like.
      </para>
      <para>
        guōtiē: This has been translated here as 'fried dumpling', but
        actually a guōtiē differs from a dumpling in several respects.
        We usually think of a dumpling as a solid lump of leavened dough
        dropped in soup to cook. A guōtiē, however, is made of thin,
        unleavened dough, which serves as a wrapper for a filling. This
        filling may be Chinese cabbage, port, beef, lamb, or any
        combination, thereof. Secondly, a guōtiē is not dropped in soup,
        but is steamed and fried, so that the bottom is crisp and the
        top is soft.
      </para>
      <para>
        bāozi: This is a round of steamed bread filled with salty
        stuffing (cabbage, pork, beef, shrimp, etc.) or sweet stuffing
        (red bean puree, walnuts, almonds, etc.). The steamed bread is
        made from a raised dough and forms a thick bun, somewhat similar
        in concept to a hamburger.
      </para>
      <para>
        suān là tāng: A thick spicy soup made of pork, white bean curd,
        &quot;red bean curd&quot; (actually dried chicken or pork
        blood), dried tiger lily flowers, mushrooms, bamboo shoots and
        egg.
      </para>
      <para>
        liingwin...; The word for 'bowl’, win, is used as a counter
        here.
      </para>
      <para>
        Taipei:
      </para>
      <para>
        A conversation in a small restaurant.
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Yùzhēn, nl xiāng chi shénme?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Yùzhēn, what do you want to eat?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Suíbiàn. NX diin ba.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  As you like. You order.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  WSmen diin diin guōtiē, suān là tāng, hio bu hio?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  We'll order some fried dumplings and sour and hot
                  soup, Okay?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hio a.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Okay.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hái yào Jīge bāozi, zēnmeyàng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  How about a few bāozi, too?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hio a. BÚ yào diin tài duō le.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Okay. Don't order too much.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        (Now the man talks with the waitress.)
      </para>
      <para>
        F2: Nlmen diin dian shénme?          What will you order?
      </para>
      <para>
        M: W&amp;nen yào èrshige guōtiē         We want twenty fried
      </para>
      <para>
        sìge bāozi, liingwin             dumplings, four bāozi,
      </para>
      <para>
        suān là tāng.                    two bowls of sour and
      </para>
      <para>
        hot soup.
      </para>
      <para>
        F2: Hio. Jiù líi.                   Okay, it'll be here right
      </para>
      <section xml:id="away.">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark56" /><anchor id="bookmark57" />away.</title>
        <para>
          NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
        </para>
        <para>
          Hái yào jige bāozi, zēnmeyàng?: The toneless syllable ji-means
          'a few' or 'several'. It may be difficult to distinguish
          between jige. 'a few', from jīge. 'how many' in rapid speech.
          Usually there will be other clues such as intonation and
          context to help you distinguish them. This is discussed again
          in Unit 3 of the Directions Module.
        </para>
        <para>
          Bú yào diān tài duō le.: The phrase bú yào is used to mean
          'don't' in sentences expressing a command. You'll learn more
          about this in the Transportat ion Module. The marker le for
          new situation is used here to reinforce the idea of
          'excessive'. Whenever a speaker says something is excessive,
          he is actually saying that it has BECOME excessive.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nīmen diān dian shenme?: The first word diān is the verb 'to
          order*. The second word dian (from yìdiān, 'a little') means '
          some'.
        </para>
        <para>
          Ershige guōtiē, sìge bāozi: You can tell from the amount
          ordered that the guōtiē are more or less bite-sized, while the
          bāozi are larger.
        </para>
        <para>
          6. xiǎoohidiàn
        </para>
        <para>
          little eatery
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Taipei:
        </para>
        <para>
          A conversation between an American student and a Chinese
          friend in front of a small restaurant.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Wōmen chi dian dōngxi, hāo bu hao?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Hāo a. Nī xiāng chī shenme?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Chī dian diānxīn.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Nī chīguo guōtiē ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Mēi chīguo.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Let's eat something, okay?
        </para>
        <para>
          Okay. What do you want to eat?
        </para>
        <para>
          Some snacks.
        </para>
        <para>
          Have you ever eaten fried dumplings?
        </para>
        <para>
          No.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Wōmen kéyi zài zhège xiǎochìdiàn chī diǎn diǎnzīn, hǎo bu
          hǎo?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Hǎo. Tāmen dōu yōu shénme?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Hēn duō dōngxi. You guōtiē, bāozi, suān là tāng.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Hen hǎo, hen hǎo.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          We can eat some snacks in this little eatery. Okay?
        </para>
        <para>
          Okay. What do they have?
        </para>
        <para>
          Many things. Fried dumplings, bāozi, sour and hot soup.
        </para>
        <para>
          Good, good.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
        </para>
        <para>
          xiǎochìdiàn: This is a small place where you can grab
          something to eat. (XiSochi means 'snack’.) If you are in a
          city in China, you are probably not far from one. A
          xiǎochìdiàn is often run by one or two people. It may be
          arranged so that the cooking area faces the street, in which
          case you'll probably walk through the kitchen as you head for
          a table. Putting the kitchen at the front, facing the street,
          makes for better ventilation and allows people on the street
          to see and smell what is being cooked. Inside you are likely
          to find small tables without tablecloths, and stools. There is
          generally no menu, but some of the dishes may be written on a
          blackboard or on,red pieces of paper which are hung on the
          wall. Since the xiǎochìdiàn is often a small operation, it may
          only offer a few things or it may specialize in serving one
          type of food, such as noodles or dumplings. The word xiǎo in
          xiǎochìdiàn, refers not to the size of the establishment, but
          to the types of food offered.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tāmen dōu yōu shénme?: The word dōu in this sentence refers to
          the object, not the subject. In other words, the sentence is
          translated as 'What all do they have?' in this context. In
          another conversation the same sentence might mean 'What do
          they all have?'
        </para>
        <para>
          This type of question with dōu expects an answer with more
          than one item mentioned. The dōu may be thought to refer to
          the object in the answer.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nl dōu mǎi shénme le?           What all did you buy?
        </para>
        <para>
          Wō mǎile shíge bāozi, sānjīn I bought ten baozi, thr-e
          píngguo, liùpíng qìshuì. catties of apples, six bottles of
          soda.
        </para>
        <para>
          But notice that in the answer dōu is NOT used even though the
          object is plural in number or a series of items.
        </para>
        <para>
          PART II
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    7.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qing ni gěi wo kànkan nlmende càidānzi.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Please give me your menu to look at.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    8.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nlmen mài zhēng jiao ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Do you sell steamed dumplings?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    9.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Gěi wo lái yìlěng zhēng Jiao.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Bring me a basket of steamed dumplings.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    10.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nlmen mài tāng miàn bu mai?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Do you sell soup-noodles?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    11.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nlmen mài chǎo miàn bu mai?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Do you sell fried noodles?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    12.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Y8u shénme yàngde tāng miàn?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    What kinds of soup-noodles are there?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    13.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Gěi wo lái yìwǎn niúròu miàn.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Bring me a bowl of soupnoodles with beef.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    11».
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    jiāosí
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    boiled dumplings
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    15.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    rbusi miàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    soup-noodles with shreds of pork
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    16.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    pàigǔ miàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    soup-noodles with a pork ohop
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    17.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ... shinmede
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ... and so on. (after a series of items)
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          NOTES ON PART II
        </para>
        <para>
          zhēng jiào: These are crescent-shaped dumplings filled with
          cabbage and meat which are steam cooked. The steaming is done
          by-placing the dumplings in a bamboo basket, which is one
          layer in a stack of bamboo baskets called a zhēng 16ng, and
          then placing the whole stack over a container of boiling
          water.
        </para>
        <para>
          gěi wo lái ...: The verb lái here means not ’to come’ but ’to
          bring’ since it is followed by a noun. The word gěi is the
          prepositional verb ’for’.
        </para>
        <para>
          yìlòng zhēng ji&amp;o: Steamed dumplings are sold by the
          basket and served in the basket that they are steamed in. The
          word for one tier of such baskets is used as a counter, -16ng
          (yìlòng, liànglòng. etc.).
        </para>
        <para>
          tang miàn: This is the name for a class of dishes made of
          noodles and soup. Unlike the Western idea of soup with some
          noodles, tāng miàn is basically noodles with some soup added.
          Because Northern China is a wheat growing area, noodles are a
          staple in the diet of that region. A bowl of noodles can be
          used to make a side dish for a large meal, or, with a little
          soup and meat added, can be a meal in itself. Noodles are
          commonly made in six-to-ten-foot lengths in China, and are
          regarded as a symbol of longevity.
        </para>
        <para>
          ch&amp;o miàn: One of the verbs translated 'to fry' is chip.
          It is also sometimes translated as 'stir fry'. The Chinese
          language has several verbs meaning 'to fry'. Chào means to fry
          in a little oil, stirring rapidly and constantly, not unlike
          sautéing.
        </para>
        <para>
          niúròu miàn: This dish consists of noodles in soup with pieces
          of beef. The word for 'beef is niúròu, literally 'cow', nifi.
          and 'meat', ròu. In the names of Chinese dishes, the thing the
          dish is primarily composed of, in this case noodles, is at the
          end of the phrase. Those words coming before describe the
          additional foods with which the dish is prepared or the style
          in which it is prepared.
        </para>
        <para>
          .1 i£ozi: A crescent-shaped dumpling, made of white dough and
          stuffed with a mixture of meat and scallions or mixed
          vegetables. Ji&amp;ozi nay be served steamed, zhēng jiKo or
          boiled, shul jilo. It is said that Marco Polo took the idea of
          these dumplings back to Italy inspiring the creation of
          ravioli.
        </para>
        <para>
          ròusī miàn: This is noodles in soup with shreds of pork and
          vegetables. Actually, the word ròu means simply 'meat', not
          'pork'. But the basic meat of China has always been pork, and
          therefore ròu on a menu refers to pork unless otherwise
          specified.
        </para>
        <para>
          shénmede: This word, used after a series of nouns, means 'and
          so on' or 'etcetera'.
        </para>
        <para>
          Qìshuī, píjiǔ, shénmede          We need to buy soda, beer,
        </para>
        <para>
          dōu dei m&amp;i.                     and so on.
        </para>
        <para>
          Taipei:
        </para>
        <para>
          A conversation between a waiter and a customer at a small
          eatery.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: NÍn yào chi diàn shénme?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          What do you want to eat?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Qíng ni gěi wo kànkan nīmende càidānzi.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Ou, duìbuqi, wSmen zhèli méiyou càidānzi. WSmen zhèli Jiù
          mài zhéng Jiào, tāng miàn, chSo miàn, shénmede.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Y3u shénme yàngde tāng miàn?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Y3u niúròu miàn a, y3u rdusí miàn a, hái y3u páigǔ miàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Gěi wo lāi yìwàn niúrSu miàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Hào. NÍn yào bu yao zhéng JiSo?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: HSo. Zěnme mài?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Yìléng zhéng Jiào èrshikuài qián.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Yìlóng y5u duōshaoge?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Yìlóng y3u báge.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Hāo, gěi wo lái yìléng zhéng Jiao, lái yìwàn niúròu miàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Please give me your menu to look at.
        </para>
        <para>
          Oh, I’m sorry. We don’t have a menu. We only sell steamed
          dumplings, soupnoodles, fried noodles, and so on.
        </para>
        <para>
          What kinds of soup noodles are there?
        </para>
        <para>
          There's soup-noodles with beef, soup-noodles with shreds of
          pork, and soupnoodles with a pork chop.
        </para>
        <para>
          I’ll have a bowl of soupnoodles with beef.
        </para>
        <para>
          Good. Do you want some steamed dumplings?
        </para>
        <para>
          Okay. How are they sold?
        </para>
        <para>
          A basket of steamed dumplings is twenty dollars.
        </para>
        <para>
          How many in a basket?
        </para>
        <para>
          There's eight in a basket.
        </para>
        <para>
          Okay, bring me a basket of steamed dumplings, a bowl of
          soup-noodles with beef.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE
        </para>
        <para>
          duōshaoge: The word duōshao may be used either with or
        </para>
        <para>
          without a counter.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    18.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ríusí ohǎo miàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    fried noodles with pork shreds
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    19.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    sǎnxiǎn ch&amp;o miàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    three-delioious fried noodles
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          sanxian: This word occurs in the names of rice dishes, noodle
          dishes and soups. It can be roughly translated as 'three
          delicacies', more literally, 'three fresh'. It means that the
          dish is made with two different meats, such as chicken and
          pork, and a seafood, such as shrimp, in addition to the
          vegetables.
        </para>
        <para>
          Taipei:
        </para>
        <para>
          A conversation at another small eatery.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Ní xiǎng chi dian shénme?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Nimen zhèli mài guōtiē bu mai?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Guōtiē, jiǎozi, wōmen zhèli dōu bú mài. Wōmen zhèli jiù mài
          miàn. Tāng miàn, chǎo miàn dōu yōu.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          M: Yōu shénme yàngde chǎo miàn?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Yōu rdusī chǎo miàn, yōu sǎnxiǎn chǎo miàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          M: Wō yào sǎnxiǎn chǎo miàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Hǎo.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          What do you want to eat?
        </para>
        <para>
          Do you sell fried dumplings here?
        </para>
        <para>
          We don't sell fried dumplings or boiled dumplings at all. We
          only sell noodles. We have both soup-noodles and fried
          noodles.
        </para>
        <para>
          What kinds of fried noodles are there?
        </para>
        <para>
          There's fried noodles with strips of pork; and there's fried
          noodles with three delicious things.
        </para>
        <para>
          I want fried noodles with three delicious things.
        </para>
        <para>
          Fine.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          PART III
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    20.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    W8 yào chī chāo jīdàn gēn huStuī.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    I want to eat scrambled eggs and ham.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    21.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    W3 he kāfēi♦
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    I'll drink coffee.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    22.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    W3 hāi yào kāo miànbāo.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    I also want some toast.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    23.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīng zài lāi yìbēi kāfēi.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Please bring another cup of coffee.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    2U.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Ut ybu shaobing ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Do you have sesame rolls?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    25.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    W6 yào li&amp;nggēn yóutiáo.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    I want two deep-fried twists.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    26.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Ni hS bu he dòiijiāng?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Do you drink dòufiāng?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    27.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nl xlhuan ti&amp;nde hàishi xi&amp;nde?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Do you like the sweet kind or the salty kind?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    28.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Mtnqtian z&amp;oshang gèi nin yubei.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    We'll prepare it for you tomorrow morning.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          NOTES ON PART III
        </para>
        <para>
          ch&amp;o Jīdàn: This is literally translated as 'fried eggs'.
          Since chāo means 'to stir fry’, however, it actually refers to
          scrambled eggs.
        </para>
        <para>
          kāo miàribāo: 'Toast'. This phrase is the verb kāo 'to roast'
          and the word for 'bread', miànbāo.
        </para>
        <para>
          Qīng zài líi...: Here again you see the verb lāi used to mean
          'bring*. The word zài is the adverb 'again'. Literally
          translated, this phrase means something like 'Please again
          bring...'. This is the standard way to ask someone to bring
          more of something.
        </para>
        <para>
          shāobing: This is a baked roll with layers of dough and
          covered with sesame seeds. It comes in two shapes, one oblong
          and the other round like an English muffin, only not as thick.
          It is usually eaten at breakfast.
        </para>
        <para>
          liǎnggēn yóutiǎo: This is a long, twisted, puffy roll which is
          deep-fried. It resembles a cruller, but it is not sweet.
          Literally, the name means 'oil stick'. It is usually eaten at
          breakfast, along with dòujiāng and perhaps a shǎobing. The
          counter for long, thin objects, like yéutiǎo is -gēn.
        </para>
        <para>
          dòujiāng: This is a liquid produced when beancurd, dòufu, is
          made from soybeans. It is white, resembling milk, and high in
          protein. It may be flavored so that it is sweet or salty. It
          is sometimes called soybean milk.
        </para>
        <para>
          tiǎnde/xiǎnde: Many foods in China such as bāozi and ddujlǎng
          come in two sorts: tiǎnde and xiǎnde. Although the Chinese
          categorize foods as either salty or sweet, this does not mean
          that food which is labeled 'salty' is terribly salty.
          Sometimes the label 'salty' simply means 'not sweet'.
        </para>
        <para>
          Peking:
        </para>
        <para>
          A conversation at the Peking Hotel.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: ZSo!
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Nín hǎo! Nín xiǎng chi diar shénme?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: NĪmen ySu shǎobing, yáutiǎo ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Shǎobing, yéutiǎo, jIntian méiyou. Míngtian chi ba! Nl hē
          bu he ddujiāng?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Chi shǎobing, yéutiǎo, déi hē ddujiāng.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Nl xìhuan tiǎnde hǎlshi xiǎnde?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: WS xlhuan tiǎnde.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Hǎo, míngtian zǎoshang gěi nín yùbei. Jintian nín chi
          shénme?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Good morning!
        </para>
        <para>
          How are you? What would you like to eat? '
        </para>
        <para>
          Do you have sesame rolls, and deep-fried twists?
        </para>
        <para>
          Today there aren't any crisp sesame rolls or deep-fried
          twists. How about having them tomorrow? Do you drink doujiang?
        </para>
        <para>
          When you eat crisp sesame rolls or deep-fried twists you
          should drink doujiang.
        </para>
        <para>
          Do you like the sweet kind or the salty kind?
        </para>
        <para>
          I like the sweet kind.
        </para>
        <para>
          All right, we'll prepare it for you tomorrow morning. What
          will you eat today?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    M:
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    W3 chī chǎo jīdǎn, huǎtul, kǎo miǎnbāo.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    I'll have scrambled eggs, ham and toast.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    F:
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    He shénme?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    What will you drink?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    M:
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Kāfēi.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Coffee.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    F:
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Hao.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Good.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          (Later.)
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Qlng zài lái yìbēi kāfēi
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          Please bring another cup of coffee.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Hǎo.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          All right.
        </para>
        <para>
          NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
        </para>
        <para>
          Breakfast at the Peking Hotel: The Peking Hotel is said to
          have the best Western style food in the city. While they serve
          both Western and Chinese style lunches and dinners, they are
          not always prepared to serve certain kinds of Chinese
          breakfast foods, such as shāobing and yáutiáo. If you would
          like to eat these typical Chinese breakfast foods you should
          ask in advance.
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    29.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xíf&amp;n
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    a gruel of rice and water usually eaten for
                    breakfast
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    30.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    mántou
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    eteamed bread
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    31.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xihóngshlshi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    tomato juice
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    32.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    jùzi shut
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    orangeade, orange juioe
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    33.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ehulgub
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    fruit
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    3U.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xiǎngjiao
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    banana
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          xlfàn: This is another breakfast food. It is a white ‘
          porridge made of rice and water. In the northern parts of
          China it is eaten along with salted pickles, ham, salted
          vegetables, salted eggs or peanuts.
        </para>
        <para>
          mántou: 'Steamed bread.'. While the word miànbāo refers to
          Western style bread, mántou refers to a Chinese version of
          bread, a large steamed roll made of white dough. It is heavy
          and moist with no crust.
        </para>
        <para>
          Vocabulary
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    bāozi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    steamed rolls made of bread dough with a filling of
                    meat and/or vegetables, or sweet bean paste.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    càidānzi (yìzhāng) chāo
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    chāo miàn chī
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    menu
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    fried, to fry, sauté fried noodles
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    to eat
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    diān
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    dàufiāng
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to order
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    soy bean milk, soy milk
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    gii ntn yùbei gāi wo lái (noun) guōtiē
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to prepare for you bring me (something) steam-fried
                    dumplings
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    he huōtul
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    to drink ham
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    -Jiǎo jiàoai jīdàn jfai shut
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    dumpling
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    boiled dumpling
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    (chicken) egg
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    orangeade, orange juice
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    kāfēi kāo
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    coffee roasted, toasted
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    là
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    peppery-hot
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    mántou miàn miànbāo
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    eteamed bread noodles bread
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    niúrdu niúrdu miàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    beef soup-noodles with beef
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    p&amp;igìl miàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    soup-noodles with a pork ohop
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Qīng zài lái...
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Please bring another...
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ràusl ohào miàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    fried noodles with shreds of
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    ròusi miàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    pork
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    soup-noodles with shreds of pork
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          sànxiàn ohào miàn shāobing ...sfyénmeds shulguÓ suān suíhiàn
        </para>
        <para>
          tāng ting alia tián
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          teián xi&amp;ngjiào xifàn xih6ngshìshl
        </para>
        <para>
          yìngzi yìlóng
        </para>
        <para>
          yóutiio
        </para>
        <para>
          zhēng
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          noodles fried with three fresh things
        </para>
        <para>
          sesame rolls ...and so on fruit to he sour as you like
        </para>
        <para>
          soup soup-noodles to be sweet
        </para>
        <para>
          to be salty banana gruel of rioe and water tomato juice
        </para>
        <para>
          kind, variety a tier of a steamer
        </para>
        <para>
          deep-fried twist
        </para>
        <para>
          to cook something hy steaming
        </para>
        <para>
          Restaurant Module, Unit 2
        </para>
        <para>
          PART I
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="3">
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <colspec align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    1.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Shénme shi kèfàn?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    What is a fixed meal?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    2.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Kèfàn Jiù shi yíge tāng, yíge cài, hái y3u fàn.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    A 'fixed meal' is a soup, a main dish, and rice.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    3.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Kèfàn jiù y3u yìzhSng ma?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Is there only one kind of 'fixed meal'?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    U.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nl shuō nāge cài hāochí?
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Which dish did you say is tasty?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    5.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    W3 huì yàng kuàizi.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    I can use chopsticks.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    6.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    W3 ydng kuàizi chi fàn.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    I eat with chopsticks.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    7.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Nl xíhuan chī niúròu hāishi chi JI.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Do you like to eat beef or chicken?
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    8.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    VS xiSng oht dian ji&amp;nddnde.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    J want to tat something simple.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    9.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Xiàoi sài dht biède.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    Next time eat something else.
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    10.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    qingjiāo niúrdu
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    beef with green pepper
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    11.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    báiōài ròusi
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    shreds of pork with oabbage
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    12.
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xuèddu jipiàn
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    aMoken slices with snow peas
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          NOTBS ON PART I
        </para>
        <para>
          kèfàn: This refers to a type of meal in which soup, a main
          dish, rice and tea are all served for one price. Much of the
          meal is prepared ahead of time, which makes it quick,
          convenient and inexpensive for the customer. It is referred to
          here as a 'fixed meal*. Other translations are 'fixed dinner',
          'blue plate special' and 'combination plate'.
        </para>
        <para>
          Kèfàn jiù you yìzhSng ma?: When you ask this question, the
          person you are speaking to might think you are asking about
          the different price categories that kèfàn is available in.
          Restaurants which offer kèfàn often have an inexpensive, a
          moderate and a top-of-the-line kèfàn each day.
        </para>
        <para>
          cài: This is the word for any dish which is not soup, rice or
          noodles.
        </para>
        <para>
          yòng: Like the word gěi, 'to give', the word yòng can act aa
          either a full verb or a prepositional verb. As a full verb, it
          means 'to use*. As a prepositional verb, it means 'with'. Here
          are some examples of both usages.
        </para>
        <para>
          Nī kéyi yòng wěde diànshàn.      You can use my electric fàn.
        </para>
        <para>
          Tā yòng kuàizi chī fàn.          He eats with chopsticks.
        </para>
        <para>
          jī: While often the word for a type of meat, such as 'beef,
          niúròu, contains the syllable ròu, 'meat', the word for
          chicken does not.
        </para>
        <para>
          xiàcì: The words for 'last time', 'this time' and 'next time'
          are formed according to the same principle as you've learned
          for other time words, like 'last week' and 'last month'. ‘
        </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="2">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    shàngcì shàngge xingqī shàngge yuè
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    last time last week làst month
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    zhècì
                  </para>
                  <para>
                    zhège xingqi zhège yuè
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    this time this week this month
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    xiàcì xiàge xingqī xiàge yuè
                  </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    next time next week next month
                  </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para>
          Taipei:
        </para>
        <para>
          A conversation between an American woman and a Chinese friend,
          who are out to eat on their lunch hour.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: NX xiàng chī shenme?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: W5 xlāng chī dian jilndānde.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          M: Nà, chī kèfàn zènmeyàng?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Shénme shi kèfàn?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Kèfàn Jiù shi yíge tāng, yíge cài, hái ySu fan.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Kèfàn jiù yōu yìzhōng ma?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          M: Bù. Yōu sān-slzhōng. Yòu sìshikuàide, yōu wǔshikuàide, yōu
          liùshikuàide.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Dōu yōu shénme cài?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          M: Jīntian yōu báicài ròusi, qingjiāo niúròu, xuédòu Jīpiàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Nī shuō n&amp;ge cài h&amp;ochl?
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          M: Dōu hén h&amp;o. Jīntian nī kéyi chī qingjiāo niúròu. Xiàci
          zài chī biéde.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: H&amp;o.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: H&amp;o. Nī yào yíge qīngjiāo niúròu. Wō lái yíge xuèdòu
          Jīpiàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          What do you want to eat?
        </para>
        <para>
          I want to eat something simple.
        </para>
        <para>
          Then how about eating a 'fixed meal'?
        </para>
        <para>
          What is a 'fixed meal'?
        </para>
        <para>
          A 'fixed meal' is a soup, a main dish, and rice.
        </para>
        <para>
          Is there only one kind of 'fixed meal'?
        </para>
        <para>
          No. There are three or four kinds. There's the forty dollar
          kind, the fifty dollar kind, and the sixty dollar kind.
        </para>
        <para>
          What main dishes do they have?
        </para>
        <para>
          Today there's shreds of pork with cabbage, beef with green
          peppers, and chicken slices with snow peas.
        </para>
        <para>
          Which dish do you say is more tasty?
        </para>
        <para>
          They are all good. Today you might eat beef with green
          peppers. Next time eat something else.
        </para>
        <para>
          Okay.
        </para>
        <para>
          Okay. You take the beef with green peppers. I'll have the
          chicken slices with snow peas.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          M: Nl huì yòng kuàizi ba?           You can use chopsticks, I
        </para>
        <para>
          suppose?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: WS zài Míiguo yljing             I learned in America,
        </para>
        <para>
          xuíguo.
        </para>
        <para>
          NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
        </para>
        <para>
          Nà: At the beginning of the sentence, nà means 'then* or 'veil
          then'.
        </para>
        <para>
          Y8u sān-sìzhōng: 'three or four kinds'. Two consecutive
          numbers may be used together to give the idea of an
          approximate figure. The exception to this rule is that 10 and
          multiples of 10 can not combine with the number coming
          immediately before or after them. You will learn this in more
          detail in the Transportation Module.
        </para>
        <para>
          H&amp;o. NX yào yíge clngjiāo niúrdu. .While at an informal
          meal each person at the table may choose one of the dishes,
          everyone at a Chinese meal eats from all the dishes, which are
          put in the center of the table.
        </para>
        <para>
          Taipei:
        </para>
        <para>
          A conversation in a small restaurant.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: NX xi&amp;ng chi shénme?
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Wō xiàng chi dian Jiàndinde.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Nà wōmen chi kèfàn ba.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Hāo a. Nl chlguo tāmen zhèlide kèfàn ma?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Chlguo.
        </para>
        <para>
          F: Hāo bu hàochī?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Dōu hèn hlochì.
        </para>
        <para>
          What would you like to eat?
        </para>
        <para>
          I would like to eat something simple.
        </para>
        <para>
          Then let's eat the 'fixed meal'.
        </para>
        <para>
          Okay. Have you eaten any of their 'fixed meals' here?
        </para>
        <para>
          Yes.
        </para>
        <para>
          Are they tasty?
        </para>
        <para>
          All were very tasty.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Kèfàn dōu yōu shénme yàngde cài?
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Yōu sānzhōng. Yìzhōng shi qingjiāo niúrèu, yìzhōng shi
          báicài ròusī, yìzhōng shi xuědòu Jípiàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          F: Wō yào qīngjiāo niúròu.
        </para>
        <para>
          M: Wō yào xuédōu Jipiàn.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <para>
          What kinds of main dishes are there in the ’fixed dinners'?
        </para>
        <para>
          There are three kinds. One kind is beef with green peppers,
          one kind is pork shreds with cabbage, one kind is chicken
          slices with snow peas.
        </para>
        <para>
          I’ll have the beef with green peppers.
        </para>
        <para>
          I’ll have the chicken slices with snow peas.
        </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        <section xml:id="motes-on-the-dialogue">
          <title><anchor id="bookmark58" /><anchor id="bookmark59" />MOTES
          ON THE DIALOGUE</title>
          <para>
            <emphasis role="smallcaps">HSo bu hSochl?</emphasis>: The
            compound h&amp;ochì, 'to be tasty', can be broken apart to
            form a question.
          </para>
          <para>
            Kèfàn dōu yōu shénme yàngde cài?: The adverb dōu in this
            sentence refers to the plural subject kèfàn, 'fixed
            dinners'.
          </para>
          <para>
            PART II
          </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="3">
              <colspec align="left" />
              <colspec align="left" />
              <colspec align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      13.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Wo yào xiārén chǎo miàn.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I want fried noodles with shrimp.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      1U.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Women hái yào yíge báicài dòufu tāng.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      We also want a cabbage and bean curd soup.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      15.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Huotuí chāo fàn bú cud.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      The fried rice with ham is not bad.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      16.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      LiSngge cài yíge tāng gòu le.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Two main dishes and one soup is enough.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      17.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Bié kèqi.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Don't be formal. (Don't stand on ceremony.)
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      18.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      W3 yījing bāo le.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I've already had my fill.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      19.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Qíng ni gěi wo zhàngdānzi.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Please give me the check.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      20.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Jiù zhèyàng le.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      That'll be it.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      21.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Ni duo ahi yidiSn.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Eat a little more.    &gt;
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      22.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      W zài ahi.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I am eating.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para>
            NOTES ON PART II
          </para>
          <para>
            xiārén: This word refers to small shrimp without shells.
          </para>
          <para>
            dòufu: ’Bean curd’. This is a soft white substance made from
            soybeans, with the consistency of jello or custard. It has
            only a faint taste, but is rich in protein and minerals. It
            is a staple found all over the Orient and may be found in
            everyday food as well as festive foods.
          </para>
          <para>
            bú cud: This phrase is used for 'not bad*, in the sense of
            'pretty good', 'pretty well', 'all right'.
          </para>
          <para>
            Bié kèqi: Because this phrase is one of the most basic
            phrases in the system of Chinese customs and manner, it is
            difficult to translate. Here, it may be translated as 'Don't
            be formal.' or 'Don't stand on ceremony.' But it should be
            viewed in context to determine its full meaning.
          </para>
          <para>
            bāo: This is an adjectival verb meaning 'to be satisfied',
            literally 'to be full'.
          </para>
          <para>
            Nl duō chi yìdi&amp;n: Notice the word order of this
            sentence. The word du5 is used as an adverb, and therefore
            precedes the verb chi. The word yìdiān is used as the object
            of the action and therefore follows the verb.
          </para>
          <para>
            Wō zài chī: The word zài can be used as a marker of ongoing
            action^ You’ll learn more about this in the Meeting Module.
          </para>
          <para>
            Taipei:
          </para>
          <para>
            A conversation between two friends lunchtime.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Zhèlide chSo miàn, chāo fàn gén tāng miàn dōu bú cud.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Dōng wo kànkan càidānzi.
          </para>
          <para>
            ... Wōmen yào yíge xiārén chāo miàn, hāo bu hao? NÌ zài
            di&amp;n yíge ba.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            M: Wōmen yào yíge huōtuí chāo fàn, hāo bu hao? Zài yào yíge
            cài gēn yíge bíicài dōufu tāng.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Wō xiāng tài duō le. Bú yào cài le.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Jiù yào yíge chāo fàn, yíge miàn, yíge tāng, Jiù gōu le.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            in a small restaurant at
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            The fried noodles, fried rice and soup-noodles are all good
            here.
          </para>
          <para>
            Wait while I have a look at the menu. ... We'll have a fried
            noodles with shrimp. Okay? You order something else.
          </para>
          <para>
            We'll have a ham fried rice, all right? And another main
            dish and a cabbage and bean curd soup.
          </para>
          <para>
            I think that's too much. Let's not have the main dish.
          </para>
          <para>
            If we Just have one fried rice, one noodle dish, and one
            soup, then that'll be enough.
          </para>
          <para>
            (Now the man speaks to the waiter.)
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Wōmen yào yíge xiārún chāo miàn, yíge huōtuí chāo fàn,
            híi yào yíge bíicài ddufu tāng. Jiù zhèyàng le.
          </para>
          <para>
            We want a fried noodles with shrimp, a ham fried rice, a
            cabbage and bean curd soup. That'll be it.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            (Later while they are eating.)
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Zhège xiārén chǎo miàn hǎn hǎo chī. HuÚtuī chǎo fin yǎ bú
            cud. NX duo chī yìdiǎn. Bií kèqi.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: W8 zài chī. Nī yǎ bié kèqi. Duo chī yìdiǎn.
          </para>
          <para>
            The fried noodles with shrimp is very good. The ham fried
            rice isn't bad either. Eat a little more. Don't be formal.
            (Please help yourself.)
          </para>
          <para>
            I am eating. Don't you be formal either. Eat a little more.
          </para>
          <para>
            (After they have finished eating.)
          </para>
          <para>
            M: NĪ yào bu yao chī dian tiǎn diǎnxīn?
          </para>
          <para>
            Do you want to eat seme dessert?
          </para>
          <para>
            I don't want any more. I’ve already had my fill.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            F: Bú yào le. W3 yījing bǎo le.
          </para>
          <para>
            (He speaks with the waiter.) M; Qīng ni gǎi wo zhàngdinsi.
          </para>
          <para>
            Please give me the check.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        </section>
        <section xml:id="botes-on-the-dialogue">
          <title><anchor id="bookmark60" /><anchor id="bookmark61" />BOTES
          ON THE DIALOGUE</title>
          <para>
            Nī zài diǎn yí«e ba.: The word zài here means 'additionally'
            or 'more'.
          </para>
          <para>
            W5 xiǎng tài duo le, Bú yào cài le ba.; Here are two
            examples of the marker le for new situations. In the first
            sentence it is necessary to use le to indicate that the food
            order has now become too much. In the second sentence, it is
            necessary to use the marker le to indicate that the meat and
            vegetable is not wanted anymore.
          </para>
          <para>
            23. M HnMolt.
          </para>
          <para>
            I’vt had plenty.
          </para>
          <para>
            Taipei:
          </para>
          <para>
            At another small restaurant:
          </para>
          <para>
            M: NĪ xlǎng chī shénme?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: WSmen dian yíge chǎo miàn, yíge chǎo fan. Zài léi yíge
            tāng, zǎnmeyàng?
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Hāo a. Nī xiǎng chī shénme chǎo miàn, chǎo fan a?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Suíbiàn. NĪ diǎn ba.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: WSmen diǎn yíge xiārén chǎo miàn, yíge huòtuī jīdàn chǎo
            fan. Hǎi lài yíge báicài dòufu tāng, hǎo bu hao?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Hǎo.
          </para>
          <para>
            (After they have finished eating.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nī xiǎng bu xiang chī dian tiénde dōngxi?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Bú yào le. WS bǎo le.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nī bié kèqi a!
          </para>
          <para>
            F: WS bú shi kèqi. WS chīde hen bǎo le.
          </para>
          <para>
            What do you want to eat?
          </para>
          <para>
            We’ll order a fried noodles, and a fried rice, and also have
            them bring soup, all right?
          </para>
          <para>
            Okay. What kind of fried noodles and fried rice do you want
            to eat?
          </para>
          <para>
            As you like. You order.
          </para>
          <para>
            We’ll order a fried noodles with shrimp, a fried rice with
            ham and eggs, and have them bring a cabbage and bean curd
            soup, all right?
          </para>
          <para>
            Good.
          </para>
          <para>
            Do you want to eat something sweet?
          </para>
          <para>
            I don't want anything else. I've had enough.
          </para>
          <para>
            Have some more!
          </para>
          <para>
            Thanks. I've had plenty.
          </para>
          <para>
            NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
          </para>
          <para>
            Zài lai yíge tāng, zǎnmeyàng?: Here you see another example
            of the word zài. meaning 'additionally* or 'more'.
          </para>
          <para>
            Nl xiǎng bu xiang chi dian tiǎnde dōngxi?: The Chinese are
            not accustomed to eating desserts as are some other
            cultures. While they have invented some rather lucious
            desserts, these are usually served only at more formal
            dinners. At a modest meal or in a xiǎochìdiàn, the only
            dessert available is probably fruit.
          </para>
          <para>
            PART III
          </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="3">
              <colspec align="left" />
              <colspec align="left" />
              <colspec align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      2U.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      W5 zhldao nī xīhuan chī làde.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I know you like to eat peppery-hot things.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      25-
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Dángrán hái yào yíge tāng.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Of course, we'll also want a soup.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      26.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Nī ,1 iàode tài duō le.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      You've ordered too imich.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      2T.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Mapó dòufu.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      a spiay Szechuan dish made with bean curd
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      28.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      yíixiāng giézi
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      aromatic fish-style eggplant (A Szeahwan dieh)
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      29.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      góngbdo aiding
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      diced chicken, bamboo shoots, onions, and red
                      peppers (a Szeahwan dish)
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      30.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      xiarén guōba tāng
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      shrimp and sizzling rice soup
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      31.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      bàsl pingguo
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      spun taffy apples
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para>
            NOTES ON PART III
          </para>
          <para>
            zhldao: The verb ’to know*, zhldao is a state verb and
            therefore can be negated, only with the syllable bù.
          </para>
          <para>
            W3 zuótian bù zhldao tā          Yesterday I didn’t know
          </para>
          <para>
            zài nār.                          where he was.
          </para>
          <para>
            Notice also that the verb 'to know', zhldao, has a neutral
            tone on the last syllable. But when it is negated, the verb
            'to know' has tones on all syllables, bù zhīdào.
          </para>
          <para>
            Nī .Hàode tài duo le.; 'You've ordered too much.' A more
            literal translation might be 'What you’ve ordered is too
            much.' The phrase Nt jiàode is a modifying phrase with the
            modified noun (perhaps 'food' or 'dishes') deleted.
          </para>
          <para>
            Máp6 dòufu: This is a peppery hot dish made of bean curd,
            finely chopped beef or pork and hot bean paste. This dish is
            typical of the Szechwan style of cooking, which is noted for
            hot spicy dishes.
          </para>
          <para>
            yúxiāng qiézi: This name literally means ’fragrant-fish
            eggplant *. However. there is no fish used in the
            preparation of the dish. It is made with scallions, ginger,
            garlic, hot bean paste, vinegar and soy sauce. Yúxiāng
            refers to a famous Szechwan manner of preparation which was
            originally used to make fish dishes, but was later applied
            to other foods, such as pork, beef, and eggplant.
          </para>
          <para>
            jlding: Earlier you saw the word jīpiān. 'chicken slices',
            now you see the word jlding, which means 'chicken cubes' or
            'diced chicken'. Both are commonly used in the names of
            dishes.
          </para>
          <para>
            gōngbāo Jiding: This is a famous dish which originated in
            Szechwan. It is made with diced chicken, bamboo shoots,
            scallions, red peppers, soy sauce, and garlic.
          </para>
          <para>
            xiārén guoba tāng; This is a shrimp and tomato soup into
            which squares of dried crispy rice are dropped. These
            squares of rice bear some resemblance to 'rice crispies'.
            They are the crisp browned part of the rice left at the
            bottom of the pot. As the crispy rice squares are poured
            into the hot soup, a sizzling, crackling sound is given off.
          </para>
          <para>
            básī píngguo: This is a dessert made of apple slices Which
            are covered with a light batter and- deep fried. The fried
            apples are then dipped in a hot mixture of sugar-syrup and
            sesame seeds. The apples are coated much in the same way
            taffy apples are. These hot sugar-coated apples are then
            dropped into a bowl of ice water, which hardens the sugar
            syrup covering into a crisp candy coating. The result is a
            dessert which combines a number of textures and tastes. The
            name for this dessert is translated many ways: 'spun taffy
            apples', 'caramel apple fritters', 'pulled silk apples'.
            Bananas can also be prepared in this way.
          </para>
          <para>
            Taipei:
          </para>
          <para>
            A conversation between two Chinese friends who are out to
            dinner
          </para>
          <para>
            in a Szechwan restaurant.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nī xiǎng chī shénme cài?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Suíbiàn. Nī diǎn ba.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: W3 zhīdao nī xīhuan chī làde. Women diǎn yíge Mǎpé dòufu,
            yíge yúxiāng qiézi, yíge gōngbǎo Jīdīng, zǎnmeyàng? Dāngrǎn
            hái yào yíge tāng.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            F: Ei, nī Jiàode tài duo le. WSmen liǎngge rén Jiào liǎngge
            cài, yíge tāng Jiù gòu le.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Hǎo. Nàme nī shuō wSmen Jiao nǎi liǎngge cài.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Yíge MapS dòufu, yíge gōngbǎo Jīdīng, hǎi yào yíge xiārén
            guōba tāng, hǎo bu hao?
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Hǎo. Zài yào yíge bǎsī píngguo.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Hǎo.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            What would you like to eat?
          </para>
          <para>
            As you like. You order.
          </para>
          <para>
            I know you like to eat peppery-hot things. How about if we
            order Mapó bean curd, yuxiāng eggplant and chicken cubes
            with red peppers? Of course we'll also want a soup.
          </para>
          <para>
            Hey, you’ve ordered too much. If the two of us order two
            dishes and one soup, that will be enough.
          </para>
          <para>
            Okay. Then which two dishes do you say we should order?
          </para>
          <para>
            Mǎpé bean curd, chicken cubes with red peppers, and shrimp
            and sizzling rice soup, okay?
          </para>
          <para>
            Okay. And spun taffy apples.
          </para>
          <para>
            Okay.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE
          </para>
          <para>
            Dinner in a Szechwan Restaurant; China has a rich and varied
            tradition of cooking, due to the size of the country, the
            many different foods available, and the long history of its
            culture. The numberous styles of cooking may be grouped into
            the following schools: The Northern School (Jīng cài), The
            Sichuan School (Chuān Cài), The Húnǎn School (Xiǎng Cài),
            The Shànghǎi School (HÙ Cài). The Fújiàn School (Mln Cài),
            The Canton School (Yuè Cài)» each with its own distinct
            style and famous dishes. It is common to find restaurants
            representing most of these schools of cooking in many cities
            in China.
          </para>
          <para>
            Dāngr&amp;n h&amp;i yào yíge tāng: The speaker says
            'Naturally w'n also want a soup.' because soup is a part of
            every Chinese meal, from the simplest lunch to the most
            elaborate dinner. The reason for this is that, unless toasts
            are being drunk, the Chinese do not drink beverages along
            with their meal. The soup, which is served at the end of the
            meal, is the main liquid of the meal.
          </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="3">
              <colspec align="left" />
              <colspec align="left" />
              <colspec align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      32.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      xihíngsM (Northern China)
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      tomato
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      33.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      fānqii (Southern China)
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      tomato
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      3U.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      ahāsi
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      fork
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      35.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      dāosi
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      knife
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      36.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      shaèr (shāozl)
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      spoon
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      37.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      tiáoging
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      spoon
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para>
            shíor (shíozi)/tiíogēng: The word shāor is used more in
            Peking, while tiāogēng is used in other parts of the
            country, too.
          </para>
          <para>
            Vocabulary
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            biiaài bio biéde bié kèqi
          </para>
          <para>
            bú cuò
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            cài ohāzi
          </para>
          <para>
            dāngrin dāozi dòufu
          </para>
          <para>
            fānqié
          </para>
          <para>
            hǎochī
          </para>
          <para>
            JI ji&amp;ndānde Jiào jtding jipiàn
          </para>
          <para>
            kèfàn
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            qiézi qingjiāo
          </para>
          <para>
            shàor
          </para>
          <para>
            tiàogèng
          </para>
          <para>
            xiàoi xiārén xihSngsht xuédbu.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            cabbage
          </para>
          <para>
            to be satisfied
          </para>
          <para>
            other, different
          </para>
          <para>
            don't be formal; don't stand on ceremony
          </para>
          <para>
            'not bad', in the sense of ’pretty good', 'pretty well'
          </para>
          <para>
            main dishes, food
          </para>
          <para>
            fork
          </para>
          <para>
            naturally, of course knife soy bean curd
          </para>
          <para>
            tomato
          </para>
          <para>
            to be tasty, good to eat
          </para>
          <para>
            chicken
          </para>
          <para>
            something simple to order diced chicken chicken slices
          </para>
          <para>
            'fixed meal', a type of meal in which soup, a main dish,
            rice and tea are all served for one price.
          </para>
          <para>
            eggplant green pepper
          </para>
          <para>
            spoon
          </para>
          <para>
            spoon
          </para>
          <para>
            next time
          </para>
          <para>
            shrimp tomato
          </para>
          <para>
            snow peas
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      yìzhòng yòng yòng kuàizi
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      a kind, one kind
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      to use; with
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      to use chopsticks; with chopsticks
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      zhàngdānzi zhldao
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      check to know
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para>
            Restaurant Module, Unit 3
          </para>
          <para>
            PART I
          </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="3">
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      1.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Wō bù dōu kàndedǒng.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I can’t read all of it.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      2.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Tīngting nīde jiànyì ba.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Let’s hear your suggestions.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      3.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Jlntiande huānghuā vú hen xlnxian.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Today’s yellow fish is fresh.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      U.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Lai ge Hongshāo Yú gen yíge Cōngbào Niúròu, zài
                      lái yige Yúxiāng Qiézi, hāo bu hao?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      How about having one Red-cooked Fish and one Beef
                      with Spring Onions, and then how about an Aromatic
                      Fish-style Eggplant?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      5.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Wo hen xīhuan Zhàcài RÒusī Tāng.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I like Szechwan Hot Pickled Cabbage and Pork
                      Shreds Soup.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      6.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Nímen yào chī mīfàn háishi huājuǎr?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Do you want to eat rice or flower-rolls?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      T.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Qing ni suan yíxià zhàng, bǎ xiǎofěi yě suàn zài
                      līmian.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Please figure out the bill, and figure in the tip,
                      too.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      8.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Iftmen jiwèi?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      How many are you?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      9.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      \tŌ gěi nimen zhǎo ge wèizi.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I’ll look for seats for you.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      10.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Jintiande oài dōu zài heibanshang xiězhe ne.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      The dishes for today are written on the
                      blackboard.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      11.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Zhèr shi gōngnángbìng shitáng.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      This is a laborers', farmers’, and soldiers’
                      dining hall.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      12.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Zhèr mèi shénme hǎo oài, ohīdelái ma?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      There really aren’t any unusually good dishes
                      here.
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Is it all right for you?    1
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para>
            NOTES ON PART I
          </para>
          <para>
            kāndedǒng: This is a compound verb of result meaning ’can
            read and understand (It)’. Its negative counterpart is
            klnbudSng, ’can’t read and understand (it)’. See Meeting
            Module. Reference Notes for Unit 1 for a discussion of
            compound verbs of result.
          </para>
          <para>
            Tā xiěde zì, wo kānbudSng. I can't read (understand) his
            writing.
          </para>
          <para>
            Huánghuā Yú: The Seiaena Sohelegelì is translated here as
            'yellow fish'. It is sometimes referred to in Chinese as
            huáng yu. In English, it is also called croaker, drum fish,
            or China Bass. Since the huánghuā yú is a fish native to
            China, any American fish name given to it, such as croaker,
            is at best only a rough equivalent.
          </para>
          <para>
            Húngshāo Yú: The ’red-cooked' style of cooking involves
            stewing the meat, or in this case, the fish, in soy sauce,
            sherry and water. It is called 'red-cooked' because of the
            reddish-brown color the soy sauce gives the dish.
          </para>
          <para>
            Cōngbào Niúròu: Beef with Spring Onions. Literally, this
            means 'spring onions-fried beef*. Bào is another method of
            cooking. It is similar to chǎo 'sauté', but uses less oil
            and highet heat.
          </para>
          <para>
            Zhācāi RousI Tāng: Although translated here as 'Szechwan Hot
            Pickled Cabbage . zhācāi is properly made from mustard green
            roots preserved with salt and hot pepper. It can be used to
            flavor foods or it can be eaten by itself.
          </para>
          <para>
            mlfǎn: This word refers to cooked rice. It can also refer to
            rice dishes, such as chǎo fan.
          </para>
          <para>
            huājuǎr: Flower-rolls are made of steamed bread, which has
            been shaped into layers resembling petals.
          </para>
          <para>
            suān yíxiā zhāng: The verb suān means 'to figure, to
            calculate '. Suan zhāng means 'to figure accounts', 'to
            calculate the bill'. Here the word yíxiā follows the verb.
            The use of yíxiā after a verb has an effect similar to
            reduplicating the verb, that is it makes the action more
            casual.
          </para>
          <para>
            zāi hēibǎnshang xiǎzhe ne: -Zhe is the marker of DURATION of
            actions and states. It indicates that an action or state
            lasted for an amount of time. The marker ne, on the other
            hand, marks ONGOING (and therefore present) actions or
            states. In this expression the marker -zhe tells us that at
            some time the dishes CONTINUE in the state of being written
            on the blackboard, and the marker ne tells us that that
            state is GOING ON now. -Zhe is used in sentences to describe
            activities which last over a period of time, whether that
            time is past, present or future. A verb plus -zhe in Chinese
            often corresponds to the ’-ing’ form of the verb in English.
          </para>
          <para>
            Zōuzhe qù kéyi ma?
          </para>
          <para>
            WSmen zuòzhe shuō huà, h£o bu hao?
          </para>
          <para>
            MÍngtian wǎnshang, women shi zuòzhe chī, háishi zhànzhe chī?
          </para>
          <para>
            Tā hái bìngzhe ne.
          </para>
          <para>
            Can you get there by walking?
          </para>
          <para>
            Let's sit awhile and talk, okay?
          </para>
          <para>
            Tomorrow night will it be a sit-down dinner or will we eat
            standing up?
          </para>
          <para>
            He is still sick.
          </para>
          <para>
            gōngnōngbíng: This expression is a conglomeration of the
            words for worker, gōngren, 'farmer’, nōngmín, and 'soldier',
            bing. Notice that the first syllable (or only syllable) of
            each is used to make this abbreviated form.
          </para>
          <para>
            chīdelái: This is a compound verb of result with the
            syllable -de- inserted between the action verb and the
            ending verb. This pattern is <subscript>(</subscript>used to
            express the meaning 'able to ____'. Usually
          </para>
          <para>
            the second verb of the compound expresses the specific
            result of the action, but here the verb lái expresses only
            the general idea of result. (The verb lái in this position
            has been called a 'dummy result ending'. Qù can also be used
            this way.) Although no specific result is expressed here,
            the pattern is still used because it expresses the idea of
            'can' or 'able to*.
          </para>
          <para>
            Měiguo cài, wǒ zuòdelúi;
          </para>
          <para>
            Zhōngguo cài, wS zuòbulái.
          </para>
          <para>
            Měiguo cài, w8 huì zuò;
          </para>
          <para>
            Zhōngguo cài, wō bú huì zuò.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            I can cook American food, I can't cook Chinese food.
          </para>
          <para>
            I can cook American food, I can't cook Chinese food.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            Peking:
          </para>
          <para>
            Three American women, who have spent the morning
            sightseeing, enter a cafeteria in a park. It is lunchtime
            and there are many people. As the women get in line to
            order, an attendant in the cafeteria comes up to them.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nīmen sānwèi ma?! Wō gSi nīmen zhSo ge wèizi, zhèr rén
            tài duo. Qīng gěn wo lái.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            F: Xièxie.
          </para>
          <para>
            (After sitting down.)
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nīmen yào chī diar shénme?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Tāmen dōu xiāng chī shénme? (looking at her 'friends and
            deferring politely.)
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Jīntiande cài dōu zài hěibān-shang xlézhe ne.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Wō bù dōu kàndedōng. Tīngting' nīde Jiànyì ba.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Jīntiande huánghuā yú hén xīnxian. Lái ge Hōngshāoyú,
            yige Cōngbào Niúrdu, zài lái yíge Yúxiāng Qiízl, hāo bu hao?
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            F: Hāo. Jīntlan yōu shénme tāng?
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Jīntlan shi Xīhōngshì Jīdàn Tāng.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Wō hén xīhuan Zhàcài Rōusī Tāng. Nīmen yōu ma?
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            M: Wōmen kéyi géi nl zud.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Hāojíle.
          </para>
          <para>
            There are three of you?! I’ll look for seats for you. There
            are too many people here. Please follow me.
          </para>
          <para>
            Thank you.
          </para>
          <para>
            What would you like?
          </para>
          <para>
            What would they like?
          </para>
          <para>
            The dishes for today are written on the blackboard.
          </para>
          <para>
            I can't read all of it. Let's hear your opinion.
          </para>
          <para>
            Today's yellow fish is fresh. How about one Red-cooked Fish,
            one Beef and Spring Onions, and one Aromatic Fish-style
            Eggplant, all right?
          </para>
          <para>
            What kind of soup is there today?
          </para>
          <para>
            Today it's Tomato and Egg Soup.
          </para>
          <para>
            I like Szechwan Hot Pickled Cabbage and Pork Shreds Soup
            very much. Do you have it?
          </para>
          <para>
            We can make some for you.
          </para>
          <para>
            Wonderful.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nīmen yào chī mlfan hǎishi huājuǎr?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Lǎi sānwǎn fàn, sānge huājuǎr ba.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nīmen huì yòng kuàizi ba?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Huì yòng, kěshi yòngde bú tài hǎo.
          </para>
          <para>
            (After eating.)
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Cài hen hǎo.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: NÍn chīhǎo le?! Women zhèr shi gōngnóngbīng shitang. Mei
            shínme hǎo cài. Chīdelǎi ba?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Fēichǎng hǎo. WSmen dōu chīde hen bǎo. Yígòng duōshao
            qiǎn?
          </para>
          <para>
            M: NÍn deng wo suànsuan... Yígòng wǔkuài liù.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Xièxie. Zàijiàn.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Bú xiè. Qīng zài lai.
          </para>
          <para>
            Do you want to eat rice or flower rolls
          </para>
          <para>
            How about bringing three bowls of rice and three
            flower-rolls?
          </para>
          <para>
            Can you use chopsticks?
          </para>
          <para>
            Yes, but not too well.
          </para>
          <para>
            The food was good.
          </para>
          <para>
            Are you finished?! This is a laborers’, farmers’, and
            soldiers' dining hall. There really aren't any unusually
            good dishes here. Was it all right for you?
          </para>
          <para>
            It was very good! We've all had plenty. How much is it
            altogether?
          </para>
          <para>
            Wait while I figure it out... Altogether it's five dollars
            and sixty cents.
          </para>
          <para>
            Thank you. Good-bye.
          </para>
          <para>
            Don't mention it. Please come again.
          </para>
          <para>
            NOTES AFTER DIALOGUE IN PART I
          </para>
          <para>
            Notice that in this situation the cafeteria attendant does
            not let the foreigners stand in line for their food. Instead
            he waits on them getting them special food when possible.
            The Chinese feel that foreigners are their guests and should
            be treated accordingly.
          </para>
          <para>
            Wo bù dōu kàndedǒng: Notice that the American woman chooses
            a rather indirect way of letting the Chinese attendant know
            that she cannot read. In the lines following, the attendant
            answers back simply suggesting some of the more tasty
            dishes, a courteous and face-saving response.
          </para>
          <para>
            Hui yòng, kěshi yōngde bú tài h&amp;o: This is another
            courteous response. Here the American lets it be known that
            they can handle chopsticks, but does so modestly.
          </para>
          <para>
            Chldelái ba?: Literally, ’Was it edible?’ or 'Could you eat
            it?'
          </para>
          <para>
            Taipei:
          </para>
          <para>
            Three friends enter a restaurant A waiter comes up to them.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Qingwèn, jiwèi?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Women yōu sānge rén.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Qíng gēn wo l&amp;i. Zuò zài zhèli zěnmeyàng?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Hào, xièxie.
          </para>
          <para>
            (After sitting down.)
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Zhè shi càidān. Xiang diàn xiē shénme cài?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Women gang cóng Méiguo léi. Duì Zhōngguo cài bú tài dSng.
            Qíng ni jièshào yíxià nimen zhèlide cài ba.
          </para>
          <para>
            n downtown Taipei at lunchtime.
          </para>
          <para>
            May I ask, how many are you?
          </para>
          <para>
            There are three of us.
          </para>
          <para>
            Please follow me. How about sitting here?
          </para>
          <para>
            Fine, thank you.
          </para>
          <para>
            This is the menu. What dishes would you like to order?
          </para>
          <para>
            We've just come from America. We don't know much about
            Chinese food. Please tell us about the dishes here.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: WSmen zhèlide Hóngshāo Yú hen bú cuò. Cōngbào Niúròu,
            Yúxiāng Ròusi ye hen hǎo.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Nà jiù Jiào zhè sānge cài ba.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Yào bu yao lái ge tāng?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Nimen yòu meiyou Zhàcài Ròusi Tāng?
          </para>
          <para>
            M: You. Lái jīwǎn fan?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Xiān lái sānwǎn. Bú gòu zài jiào.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nīmen huì bu hui yòng kuàizi? Rúguo bù fāngbian wo kéyi
            gǎi nīmen huàn chāzi.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Bú yòng le. Wòmen dōu xīhuān yòng kuàizi. Ou! zhèli
            shǎole yíge tiáogéng Qīng ni zài ná yige lái.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Hǎo, wo Jiù lái.
          </para>
          <para>
            (After eating:)
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Chī hǎole ba? Cài zǎnmeyàng?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Cài hǎn hǎo. WSmen chide hǎn bǎo. Qīng ni suàn yíxià
            zhàng, bǎ xiǎofèi ye suàn zài līmian.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Hǎo, xièxie. Zhè shi zhàngdān.
          </para>
          <para>
            The Red-cooked Fish is not bad here. The Beef with Spring
            Onions and the Aromatic Fish-style Pork are also good.
          </para>
          <para>
            Then we’ll order these three dishes.
          </para>
          <para>
            Would you like to order a soup?
          </para>
          <para>
            Do you have Szechwan Hot Pickled Cabbage and Pork Shreds
            Soup?
          </para>
          <para>
            Yes. And how many bowls of rice shall I bring?
          </para>
          <para>
            First bring three bowls. If that is not enough, then we’ll
            order more.
          </para>
          <para>
            Can you use chopsticks? If it’s not convenient for you, I
            can change them to forks.
          </para>
          <para>
            It’s not necessary. We all like to use chopsticks.
          </para>
          <para>
            Oh, we're short one spoon here. Please bring another.
          </para>
          <para>
            Okay, I'll be right back.
          </para>
          <para>
            Are you finished? How was the food?
          </para>
          <para>
            The food was good. We've had plenty. Please figure out the
            bill, and figure in the tip, too.
          </para>
          <para>
            Okay, thank you. This is the bill.
          </para>
          <para>
            UO
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            F: Zhè shi sānb&amp;i kuài. Bú bi zh&amp;o le. W3men z5u le.
            ZàiJian.
          </para>
          <para>
            Here is three-hundred dollars Keep the change. We're
            leaving. Good-bye.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Xièxie. Zàljiàn.
          </para>
          <para>
            Thank you. Goodbye.
          </para>
          <para>
            NOTES AFTER DIALOGUE IN PART I
          </para>
          <para>
            W&amp;nen gang cúng Mèiguo lái: In this sentence and the
            ones which follow the American modestly explains their
            situation and then asks for help. The waiter replies in a
            friendly and polite manner.
          </para>
          <para>
            PART II
          </para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                1. Women hái méi chī ySumíngde Kǎo Yángrōu.
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                2. Chī Shuàn Yángròude shíhou hái chī shénme?
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                3. Chúle niú-yángròu yīwài, you shāobing, hái y3u
                háicài, fensI, shénmede.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
          <para>
            U. Chī Shuàn Yángròu, dōu yōu shénme zuéliào?
          </para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                5. Eng! Shuōde wǒ dōu £ le.
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                6. Ybu j icing yóu, xiāruj uóu, xiāna cài, doufù lǔ,
                ahlma jiang, shénmede.
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                7. Qu Hóngbinlóu ba.
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                8. Dui, jiù shi nèige Hutmtn fànguar.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
          <para>
            We still have not eaten the famous Mongolian Barbecued Lamb.
          </para>
          <para>
            When you’re having Mongolian Hot Pot, what else do you eat
            with it?
          </para>
          <para>
            Aside from beef and lamb, there’s shaobing, cabbage,
            cellophane noodles and so on.
          </para>
          <para>
            When you're having Mongolian Hot Pot, what condiments are
            there?
          </para>
          <para>
            We’ve talked so much I've gotten hungry.
          </para>
          <para>
            There's soy sauce, sesame oil, Chinese parsley, fermented
            bean aurd sauce, sesame paste, and so on.
          </para>
          <para>
            Let's go to the Hóngbinlóu.
          </para>
          <para>
            Right, it's that Moslem restaurant.
          </para>
          <para>
            NOTES ON PART II
          </para>
          <para>
            yōumíng: 'To be famous', literally, 'to have a name', is
            always negated with méi.
          </para>
          <para>
            Kǎo Yángrou: This is Mongolian Barbecued Lamb. It is thin
            slices of lamb dipped in a sauce of soy sauce, scallions,
            Chinese parsley, sugar, and sherry, and other condiments you
            can mix to your own taste, then grilled quickly over high
            heat. This meal is prepared at specialty restaurants which
            usually serve little else.
          </para>
          <para>
            Shuàn Yángrōu: This meal requires that a pot with a source
            of heat beneath it (huōguō, literally ’fire pot’) be placed
            in the middle of the table. Usually the pot is shaped in a
            ring with a chimney containing the heat source in the
            center. Each guest cooks his meat and vegetables in the
            boiling water of the fire pot, often with four or five
            people simultaneously keeping track of their food as it is
            cooking. After his meat is cooked he then dips it into
            various sauces and eats it. By the end of the meal, the
            water in the pot has become a highly flavored soup. Fěnsi
            (see below) and vegetables are then dropped into it, and it
            is eaten.
          </para>
          <para>
            chúle...yiwài: This pattern is used to express the idea
            ’except for.•.’, ’besides...', or ’aside from...'. The
            second part, yiwài, is sometimes omitted.
          </para>
          <para>
            Wō chúle mǎi yìběn shū, hái In addition to buying one yào
            mǎi yìběn zázhì.            book, I also want to buy
          </para>
          <para>
            one magazine.
          </para>
          <para>
            fěnsl: These are called ’cellophane noodles’ because their
            appearance is clear and glass-like. They are made from
            pea-starch and are sometimes called pea-starch noodles.
          </para>
          <para>
            zuōliào: This refers to various sauces used to dip the'lamb
            in, and therefore translates as 'condiment'. In other
            contexts, zuōliào can mean 'ingredient'.
          </para>
          <para>
            shuōde wo dōu è le: Here you see a verb, shuō, the syllable
            de, and the result of the action of talking (wō dōu ě le.) A
            literal translation of the expression might be 'Talk to (the
            point that) I'm already hungry.' The marker de carries the
            meaning 'to the point of, 'to the extent that* in this
            expression.
          </para>
          <para>
            xiāng cài: A coarse, leafy, strong tasting type of parsley.
          </para>
          <para>
            Peking:
          </para>
          <para>
            This conversation takes place in late spring in Peking. A
            foreign student talks with a few of his Chinese classmates.
          </para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                M: Wō lái Beijing zhànme jiǔ        I've been in Peking
                for so
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
          <para>
            le, hái méiyou jīhui qù          long and I haven't yet
          </para>
          <para>
            chi yōumíngde Kao Yángrōu, had the chance to eat Shuàn
            Yángrōu.                   the famous Mongolian
          </para>
          <para>
            Barbecued Lamb or Lamb Hot Pot.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Rúguo xiǎng chī, jiù kuài qù chī ha. Tiān rè le, jiù
            méiyou le.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Nà zhǎo Jige péngyou zhèige Xīngqīliù qu chī Shuàn
            Yángrōu. Nī shuō dào nǎr qù chī?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Qù Hōngbīnlōu ba. Nèige fànguǎr hen hǎo.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Hōngbīnlōu?! Shi bu shi zài Xīdān nàr? Wō Jide wō qù nàr
            chīguo guōtiē.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Duì, Jiù shi nèige Huímín fànguǎr.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Tāmende guōtiē zhēn hǎochī yě piányi.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Wǔge guōtiē yìmáoèr, shi bu shi?
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Shi, wō chile shiwǔge, mēi chī biéde, chide hen bǎo. Ei!
            Chī Shuàn Yángròude shíhou hai chī shénme?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Chúle niú-yǎngròu yīwài, yōu shāobing, hǎi yōu báicài,
            fěnsī, shénmede.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Chī Shuàn Yángròu dōu yōu shénme zuōliào?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Yōu Jiàng yōu, xiang yōu, xiǎng cài, dōufu lǔ, zhīma
            jiàng, shénmede.
          </para>
          <para>
            If we want to eat it, then we should go soon. There won’t be
            any available after the weather gets warmer.
          </para>
          <para>
            Well then, let's find some friends and go eat Mongolian Lamb
            Hot Pot this Saturday. Where do you think we should go?
          </para>
          <para>
            Let's go to the Hōngbīnlōu. That's a good restaurant.
          </para>
          <para>
            Hōngbīnlōu?! Is that over by the Xīdān? I remember I went
            there once and ate guōtiē.
          </para>
          <para>
            That's right, it's that Moslem restaurant.
          </para>
          <para>
            Their guōtiē are really tasty and cheap.
          </para>
          <para>
            Five guōtiē for twelve cents, right?
          </para>
          <para>
            Yes, I ate fifteen, didn't eat anything else, and was full.
            Hey, when you're having Lamb Hot Pot, what else do you eat?
          </para>
          <para>
            Aside from beef and lamb, There's shāobing, cabbage
            cellophane noodles and so on.
          </para>
          <para>
            When you're having Mongolian Hot Pot, what condiments are
            there?
          </para>
          <para>
            There's soy sauce, sesame oil, Chinese parsley, fermented
            bean curd sauce, sesame paste, and so on.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Eng! Shuōde wō dōu è le, yā dào chī zhōngfànde shíhou le.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Zōu, qù shítáng chī fàn qù.
          </para>
          <para>
            Oh, we’ve talked so much I've gotten hungry, and it's lunch
            time.
          </para>
          <para>
            Let's go, we'll go to the dining hall and eat.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            Taipei:
          </para>
          <para>
            This conversation takes place in winter in Taipei. A foreign
            student and some of his Chinese classmates are in a northern
          </para>
          <para>
            Chinese restaurant, waiting for the
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Jīntian chī Shuàn Yángrōu hen hǎo.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Shi, wō záo Jiù tīngshuō Shuàn Yángrōu shi yōumíngde
            Zhōngguo běifāng cài.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Chī Shuàn Yángrōu, rén duō, chīqilai fēicháng yōu yìsi.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Tīngshuō chī Shuàn YángrŌude shíhou yào yōng hen duō
            zuōliào, shi bu shi?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Duì, yōu Jiàng yōu, xiāng yōu, xiāng cài, dōufu lǔ, zhīma
            Jiàng. Chúle rōu gēn zuōliào yīwài, hái yōu báicài,
            dōufu&gt; fánsī, shénmede.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            M: Dōngxi zhēn bù shāo a.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Hāo, nī kàn, lái le.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            food to come.
          </para>
          <para>
            It's nice to be having Mongolian Hot Pot today.
          </para>
          <para>
            Yes, I've heard for a long time that Mongolian Hot Pot is a
            famous northern Chinese dish.
          </para>
          <para>
            If we have more people, eating Mongolian Hot, Pot is very
            interesting.
          </para>
          <para>
            I've heard that when you eat Mongolian Hot Pot, you use a
            lot of condiments.
          </para>
          <para>
            That's right, there's soy sauce, sesame oil, Chinese
            parsley, femented bean curd sauce, and sesame paste. Aside
            from the meat and the condiments, there are also cabbage,
            dōufu, cellophane noodles, and so on.
          </para>
          <para>
            There are really lots of things.
          </para>
          <para>
            Good, look, it*8 here.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            NOTES AFTER DIALOGUE IN PART II
          </para>
          <para>
            běifāng cài: The syllable -fang means ’place* or ’region*.
            It is added to direction words to form the name of a place.
            Běifāng cài refers to Northern Chinese cuisine. Nánfāng cài
            refers to cuisine south of the Yangtze river, including the
            Shanghai school of cooking and the Cantonese school of
            cooking.
          </para>
          <para>
            PART III
          </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="3">
              <colspec align="left" />
              <colspec align="left" />
              <colspec align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      1.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Zhèxiē cài dōu shi wō zìjǐ zuòde.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I cooked all these dishes myself.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      2.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Wō juéde Zhōngguo rén jiāli zuòde cài zhēn hāochī.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      I feel that Chinese home-cooked dishes are truly
                      tasty.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      3.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Lai ge báobing gēn Mùxu Ròu.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Have a báobíng and some Moshi Pork.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      U.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Zhège sùcài hen xiāng.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      This vegetarian vegetable dish is very fragrant.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      5.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Zhège cāi Jiao Tánecù Báicài.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      This dish is called Sweet and Sour Cabbage.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      6.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Nī yào bu yao dian Qīngdòu Xiārén.
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Would you like some Shrimp with Green Peas?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para>
            NOTES ON PART III
          </para>
          <para>
            báobǐng: These are thin, wheat cakes, usually rolled out and
            cooked in pairs that are separated before use. They resemble
            thin, French crepes in appearance. They are eaten with
            dishes instead of rice.
          </para>
          <para>
            Mùxu Ròu: This is a pork dish cooked with egg. It is eaten
            with baobǐng. A spoonful of Mùxu Ròu is placed in the middle
            of a báobìng. Then it is rolled up and eaten.
          </para>
          <para>
            sùcài: This is a vegetable dish made with no meat sauces or
            flavorings at all, and is therefore correctly called a
            vegetarian vegetable dish. Although sùcài are made without
            the use of meat sauces or meat flavorings, they are often
            artfully seasoned and formed in such a way that they
            resemble meat very closely.
          </para>
          <para>
            xiāng: This is the adjectival verb *to be fragrant'. Zhège
            sùcài hen xiāng., could also be translated as 'This
            vegetarian vegetable dish has a good aroma'. The verb xiāng
            is often used when talking about food to refer to dishes
            with garlic or ginger.
          </para>
          <para>
            Taipei:
          </para>
          <para>
            Miss Wang invites an American couple, Mr. and Mrs. White to
            her apartment for dinner. They are just sitting down to
            dinner.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Qing zuò! Qing zuò!
          </para>
          <para>
            ... Dōu shi wō zìjl zuòde. Bu zhīdào hǎo bu hǎochī.
          </para>
          <para>
            M: Yídìng hǎochī. Wō juǎde Zhōngguo rén jiāli zuòde cài zhēn
            hǎochī.
          </para>
          <para>
            (As she gives Mr. White some f&lt;
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Lái ge bǎoblng gēn Mùxu Ròu.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            Please sit down. Please sit down. ... I made this all
            myself. I don’t know if it’s tasty or not.
          </para>
          <para>
            It will certainly be tasty. I feel that Chinese home-cooked
            dishes are truly tasty.
          </para>
          <para>
            , Miss Wang says:)
          </para>
          <para>
            Have a bǎoblng and some Moshi Pork.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            M: Zhège sùcài hen xiǎng. Jiao shenme?
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            F: Jiào Tǎngcù Báicài.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            M: Wǎng Xiǎojie, nī hǎn huì zuò cài. Nī shi zài nǎli xuǎde?
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Jiù shi zài jiāli xuǎde.
          </para>
          <para>
            Wō mùqin hǎn huì zuò cài, kǎshi wō jiù huì zuò jige cài, yǎ
            zuòde bú tài hǎo.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            M: Nī tài kèqi. Zhège shi xiā ba.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Duì le. Zhège shi Qīngdòu Xiārén. Nīmen hǎi yào bu yao
            diǎn fàn?
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            M: Bú yào le. Wōmen yījīng chide hǎn duō le.
          </para>
          <para>
            F: Hǎo. Qīng nīmen duō chī diǎn cài.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            This vegetarian vegetable dish is very fragrant. What is it
            called?
          </para>
          <para>
            It's called Sweet and Sour Cabbage.
          </para>
          <para>
            Miss Wang, you really know how to cook. Where did you learn?
          </para>
          <para>
            I just learned at home. My mother really knows how to cook,
            but I only know how to cook a few dishes, and I don’t make
            those very well.
          </para>
          <para>
            You're too polite. This must be shrimp.
          </para>
          <para>
            That's right. This is Shrimp with Green Peas. Would you like
            some more rice?
          </para>
          <para>
            No. We've already eaten a lot.
          </para>
          <para>
            All right. Please have more of the dishes.
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            Vocabulary
          </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      báobing
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      thin rolled, wheat-flour pancake
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      ahidel&amp;i
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Is it all right for you (to eat)?
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      chúle ... yīwài cōng Cōngbào Niúròu cù
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      aside from, in addition to scallion
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Beef with Spring Onions vinegar
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      dòufu lǔ
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      fermented bean curd sauce
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      è
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      to be hungry
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      fěnsī
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      cellophane noodles
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      gōngn&amp;ngbing
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      workers, farmers, soldiers
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      hēibSn Hóngbīnlóu Húngshāo Yú huājuàr huánghuā yú
                      HutrrAn
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      blackboard name of a restaurant Red-cooked Fish
                      flower-rolls
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      yellow fish           <superscript>1</superscript>
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Moslem
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      Jiànyf jiàng you juéde
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      proposal, suggestion soy sauce to feel that
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      k&amp;o
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      K&amp;o Yángròu
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      to roast
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Mongolian Barbecued Lamb
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      mifàn
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Mùxu Ráu
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      rice (cooked)
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Moshi Pork (pork fried with eggs) and served with
                      báobing
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      qīngdòu Qingdòu Xiārén
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      green peas
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Shrimp with Green Peas
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      shit&amp;ng Shuàn Y&amp;ngrdu suàn suàn zhang
                      sùcài
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      eating hall
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Mongolian (Lamb) Hot Pot to calculate, figure out
                      to figure out the check vegetable dishes
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      tángcù
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Tángcù Báicài
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      sweet and sour
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      Sweet and Sour Cabbage
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      U9
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      -wM <emphasis role="smallcaps">mWsì</emphasis>
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      counter for persons (polite) seat, place
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      xiāng xiāngcài xiāngyéu xilortl xinxian
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      to be fragrant Chinese parsley sesame oil tip,
                      gratuity to be fresh
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      yíngrdu ySumíng
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      lamb to be famous
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      zhācāi
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      -the
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      hot pickled, cabbage (Szechwan) marker of DURATION
                      of an action
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      sWmtx jiàng zìjī zufiliāo
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para>
                      sesame paste oneself
                    </para>
                    <para>
                      condiments, ingredients
                    </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para>
            Restaurant Module, Unit U
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            PART I
          </para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                1. Wō dǎsuan zhèige Xīngqīliù wǎnshang liùdiǎn zhōng
                ding yìzhuō xí.
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                2. Wō xiǎng zài nimen nàli qing liǎngzhuō kè.
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                3. Nī yào duōshao qiánde biāozhǔn?
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
          <para>
            b. Nī kàn duōshao qián yíge rén héshì ne?
          </para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                5. Wōmen qlngde kèren duōbàn shi Zhōngguo rén.
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                6. Cài shi nī zìjī diǎn ne hǎishi ràng women pěi ne?
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                7. Sìge lěngpǎn, liùdào cài, yíge tāng, yíge tiáncài,
                zǎnmeyàng?
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                8. Jiǔ del lìngwài suàn.
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                9. Ěméi Canting
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                10. Xiàge Xingqitiān shi v&lt;5 xiānshengde shēngri..
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                11. Fēngzèyuàn.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
          <para>
            I’d like to arrange a (one table) dinner party for this
            Saturday evening at six o'clock.
          </para>
          <para>
            I'd like to have two tables of guests at your place.
          </para>
          <para>
            What price level would you like?
          </para>
          <para>
            What price per person do you think would be suitable?
          </para>
          <para>
            Most of the guests that we invited are Chinese.
          </para>
          <para>
            Will you choose the dishes yourself or have us select them?
          </para>
          <para>
            How about four cold dishes, six main courses, one soup, and
            one dessert?
          </para>
          <para>
            The liquor is figured separately.
          </para>
          <para>
            The Omei Restaurant. (A restaurant in Taipei.)
          </para>
          <para>
            Next Sunday is my husband’s birthday.
          </para>
          <para>
            (The name of a restaurant in Peking.)
          </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
        </section>
      </section>
      <section xml:id="section-1">
        <title><anchor id="bookmark62" /><anchor id="bookmark63" />51</title>
        <para>
        </para>
      </section>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        NOTES ON PART I
      </para>
      <para>
        ding yìzhuō xí; ’To arrange a formal dinner', more literally 'to
        make arrangements for a one table banquet’. The counter for xí,
        'a feast or banquet', is -zhuō, 'table'.
      </para>
      <para>
        duōshao qiánde biāozhún: 'What price level'. Biāozhún literally
        means 'standard'. Duōshao qiánde biāozhun could also be
        translated more literally as 'a standard costing how much',
        where duōshao qián 'how much does it cost?' modifies biāozhun,
        'standard'.' You will also hear duōshao qián biāozhúnde, with
        the marker de placed at the end of the phrase. In this case the
        whole phrase 'what price level' modifies the noun jiúxí,
        'banquet', which has been left out of the sentence because it is
        understood.
      </para>
      <para>
        kè: This word for guest is interchangeable with kèren.
      </para>
      <para>
        duōbàn: 'Most of...'. Duōbàn is a noun and is used in the
        subject position.
      </para>
      <para>
        Tāmen duōbàn dōu bú qù.         Most of them are not going.
      </para>
      <para>
        Duōbàn shi niàn Zhōngwén ne.    Most of them are studying
      </para>
      <para>
        Chinese.
      </para>
      <para>
        ràng wōmen pěi...: 'Have us select...', or more literally 'allow
        us to select...'. The verb pel means 'to match'. Dishes are
        matched to make a formal menu in Chinese.
      </para>
      <para>
        lěngpán: 'Cold dishes' or appetizers start off the menu in a
        formal Chinese dinner. Four cold dishes followed by six to eight
        main courses, a soup and a dessert is one type of menu
        arrangement used for formal dinners. Four cold dishes, four
        sautéed dishes and four main dishes, soup and dessert in another
        type of formal menu.
      </para>
      <para>
        Cold dishes are usually prepared so as to be pleasing to the eye
        as well as the palate. Cold cooked meats and vegetables are
        arranged in colorful designs.
      </para>
      <para>
        jiú: Literally, this means 'liquor'. It is a term referring to
        any kind of alcoholic beverage from light beers and wine to hard
        liquor.
      </para>
      <para>
        Ěméi Cāntlng; This is the name of a restaurant offering Szechwan
        style cuisine. Omei (fimái) is the name of a mountain range
        running through Szechwan.
      </para>
      <para>
        Peking:
      </para>
      <para>
        A conversation on the telephone.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Wèi!
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Wèi! Shi Fēngzéyuán ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Shi a! Nín n&amp;r a?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Wō xìng Huál Tè.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Ou, Huái Tè Nushì.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Wō dǎsuan zhèige Xīngqīliù wànshang liùdiSn zhōng ding yìzhuō
        xí.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Duōshǎowèi ne?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Shíge rén.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Nín yào duōshao qiánde biāozhún?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Nl kàn duōshao qián yíge rén héshì ne?
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Wōmen yōu shíèrkuài qián biǎozhǔnde, yōu shíwǔkuài qián
        biǎozhǔnde, yè yōu èrshikuài qián biǎozhǔnde. Hái yōu gèng
        guide.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Ou, wō xiāng shíwǔkuài qián biāozhiínde jiù xíng le.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Cài shi nín ziji diǎn ne háishi ràng wōmen pài ne?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Wō bú tài dōng. Nímen gōi wo pèi ba.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hello!
      </para>
      <para>
        Hello! Is this the Fengzeyuan?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yes. Who is this?
      </para>
      <para>
        My name is White.
      </para>
      <para>
        Oh, Ms. White.
      </para>
      <para>
        I'd like to arrange a (one table) dinner party for this Saturday
        evening at six o'clock.
      </para>
      <para>
        How many people?
      </para>
      <para>
        Ten people.
      </para>
      <para>
        What price level would you like?
      </para>
      <para>
        .What price per person do you think would be suitable?
      </para>
      <para>
        We have a 012 standard, a 015 standard and a 020 standard. There
        are also more expensive ones.
      </para>
      <para>
        Oh, I think the 015 standard will be all right.
      </para>
      <para>
        Will you choose the dishes yourself or have us select them?
      </para>
      <para>
        I don't know too much about it. You select them for me.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Sag, hǎo ba. Women gěi nin pel. ... Yíge dà lēngpǎn, bǎdào
        cài, yíge tāng, yíge tiǎncài.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Hǎo.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Ou, nīmen hē Jiǔ ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Hē, keshi hēde bú tài duō.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Jiǔ dēi lìngwài suàn.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Ou, nà mēi wènti.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Hǎo. Jiù zhènme ban ba.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Hǎo. Xièxie ni.
      </para>
      <para>
        Mun, okay. We'll select for you. One large cold platter, eight
        main courses, one soup, and one dessert.
      </para>
      <para>
        Good.
      </para>
      <para>
        Oh, will you be drinking something (alcoholic)?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yes, but we won't be drinking too much.
      </para>
      <para>
        The liquor is figured additionally.
      </para>
      <para>
        Oh, that's no problem.
      </para>
      <para>
        Okay. Then let's do it that way.
      </para>
      <para>
        Good. Thank you.
      </para>
      <para>
        ROTES FOLLOWING DIALOGUE I
      </para>
      <para>
        Ni yào duōshao qián biāozhǔnde?: In restaurants in Peking,
        dinners for a group of people can be arranged on a price per
        person basis. The restaurants often have several standard priced
        menus to choose from.
      </para>
      <para>
        Yíge dà lěngpǎn: One large cold platter instead of several
        smaller cold dishes may be used in making up the menu for a
        dinner. One large cold platter, eight main courses, a soup and a
        dessert is another type of menu for a dinner.
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="4">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  12.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hóngshāo Yúahì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Red-cooked Shark's Fin
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  13.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiāngsū. là
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fragrant Crispy Duck
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1U.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Gānshāo Mtngxiā
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dry-cooked Jumbo Shrimp Szechuan Style
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  15.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fùgui Ji
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Beggar's Chicken
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  16.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Tángcù Yù
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sweet and Sour Fish
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  IT.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Mìzhi Huotui
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Ham in Honey Sauce
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  18.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dōnggua Zhong
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Winter Melon Soup served in the Carved Melon Shell
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  19.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Babǎo Fàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Eight Jewel Rice
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  20.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xìngrén DÒufu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Almond Pudding
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        NOTES ON VOCABULARY NOS. 12-20
      </para>
      <para>
        Hongshāo Yuchì: Shark’s Fin is considered a delicacy by the
        Chinese because it is rare, nutritious and has a smooth, chewy
        texture when cooked. Some people think that it is best prepared
        in the red-cooked style.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xiāngsū Yā: Fragrant Crispy Duck is marinated and steamed with
        onions, wine, ginger, pepper and anise, then deep fried quickly
        for a crispy result. This method of preparing duck is an example
        of southern style cooking.
      </para>
      <para>
        Fùguì JI: 'Beggar’s Chicken* is a whole chicken wrapped in wet
        clay, then roasted until very tender. It is said that this
        method of preparation was first used by beggars. Originally this
        dish was called Jiǎohua JI, literally 'Beggar's Chicken'; but as
        the dish became popular among the upper class, the name changed
        to Fùguì JI, literally 'Riches and Honor Chicken'.
      </para>
      <para>
        Dōnggua Zhong: Winter melon, mushrooms, and ham go into this
        soup. On festive occasions the melon shell is carved with
        decorations, such as dragons, and used as a bowl for serving the
        soup. This is a Cantonese specialty.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xìngrěn DÒufu: This is translated here as 'Almond Pudding'.
        Because Xìngrén D§ufu, with its light consistency, is somewhere
        between a pudding and a gelatin, 'Almond Gelatin’ would also be
        a fitting translation of the name.
      </para>
      <para>
        Babǎo Fan: 'Eight Jewel Rice'. This is sweet sticky rice (ndmìY
        with preserved fruits. The rice is shaped into a mound and
        decorated with some of the preserved fruit.
      </para>
      <para>
        Taipei:
      </para>
      <para>
        An American woman calls a restaurant in Táiběi.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Wèi. Éméi Canting.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Wèi. Wō shi Bái Tìitai. Xiàge Xīngqītiān shi wō xiānshengde
        shēngrì.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wō xiāng zài nimen nàli qing liāngzhuō kè.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Hāo, hSo.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Wōmen yōu èrshige rén. Wō yào ding liangzhuo cài. Nī kàn děi
        duōshao qián?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        M: Zuì shSo děi vǔqiān kuài yìzhuō. Nl shi Měiguo rén ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Shi. Wō shi Měiguo rén.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Nl qīngde kèren ne?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Duōbàn shi Zhōngguo rén.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Hao. Wō xiāngyixiang zěnme gěi ni pèi cài. ... Eng. Yíge dà
        lěngpán, liùdào cài, yíge tāng, yíge tiāncài, zěnmeyàng?
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        F: Eng. Hāo! Hāo! Nl gěi wo shuōshuō liùdào cài shi shénme cài.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Nimen xihuan chi làde, shi bu shi?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Duì. Wōmen xihuan chī làde.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hello. Omei Restaurant.
      </para>
      <para>
        This is Mrs. White. Next Sunday is my husband's birthday. I'd
        like to invite two tables of guests at your place.
      </para>
      <para>
        Good, good.
      </para>
      <para>
        There will be twenty of us. I'd like to reserve two tables and
        order some dishes. How much do you think it will cost?
      </para>
      <para>
        At least five thousand dollars a table. Are you an American?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yes, I'm an American.
      </para>
      <para>
        And the people you've invited?
      </para>
      <para>
        Most of them are Chinese.
      </para>
      <para>
        Okay. Let me think how
      </para>
      <para>
        I'll choose the dishes for you. ... Mmn. How about one large
        cold dish, six main dishes, one soup, and one dessert?
      </para>
      <para>
        Mmn. Good. Good. Tell me a bit about what the six main course
        are.
      </para>
      <para>
        You like to eat hot dishes, don't you?
      </para>
      <para>
        That's right. We like to eat hot dishes.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hio. Wō gěi ni pèi Jige là cài. DÌyī, HŌngshāo Yúchì.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Okay. I'll select some hot dishes for you. First,
                  Red-cooked Shark's Fin.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fs
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hio.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Good.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dìèr, Xiāngsū Yi.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Second, Fragrant Crispy Duck.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  H&amp;o.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Good.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  DÌsān, Gānshāo MÍngxiā.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Third, Dry-cooked Jumbo Shrimp Szechwan Style.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hāo.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Good.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dìsì, Fùguì JI.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fourth, Beggar's Chicken.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hào.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Good.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zài lái yíge Tángcù Yú gēn yíge Mìzhī Huōtuì
                  zěnmeyàng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  And how about a Sweet and Sour Fish and a Ham in Honey
                  Sauce, too?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hen háo, hěn hāo. Tāng shi shénme tāng?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Very good, very good. &gt; What is the soup?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dōnggua Zhong.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Winter Melon Soup served in the carved Melon Shell.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  H8o.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Good.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Tiāncài ni kàn yào Básì Píngguo, háiahi Bābāo Fàn,
                  hāishi XÌngrén DÒufu?
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  For dessert do you think you want Spun Taffy Apples,
                  or Bight Jewel Rice, or Almond Pudding?
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  WŌ kàn BǎbSo Fàn hāo yìdiin.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  I think the Right Jewel Rice would be better.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  M:
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Hāo.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fine.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        PART II
      </para>
      <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            21. Mādīng Nǔshì, jīntian shi gěi ni sòngxíng.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            22. Nī shi zhǔkè.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            23. Dàjiā dōu qīng zuò.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>
      <para>
        2k. Bié jīn gěi wo jiān cài.
      </para>
      <para>
        25. Qīng dàjiā dōu gān yìbēi.
      </para>
      <para>
        26. Zhù tā shēntī j iànkāng, gōngzuò shùnlì.
      </para>
      <para>
        2?. Hái yào zhù ta yílù píngān!
      </para>
      <para>
        28. Wǒ bú huì hē jiǔ. Dàjiā dōu suíyì ba.
      </para>
      <para>
        29• Zuí Ji
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Ms. Martin, today we bid you farewell.
      </para>
      <para>
        You are the guest of honor.
      </para>
      <para>
        Everyone, please sit down.
      </para>
      <para>
        Don’t just be selecting out food for me.
      </para>
      <para>
        Let's all drink a glass.
      </para>
      <para>
        Let's all wish her good health and work that goes well.
      </para>
      <para>
        And we also want to wish her a good journey!
      </para>
      <para>
        I'm not much of a drinker. Please everyone, drink as you like.
      </para>
      <para>
        Drunken Chicken
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        NOTES ON PART II
      </para>
      <para>
        zhǔkè: At a Chinese banquet the guest of honor sits farthest
        away from the door, the inner-most place in the room. The host
        sits nearest the door, on the serving side of the table.
      </para>
      <para>
        Bié jīn gěi wo jiǎn cài: This expression is often used at dinner
        parties. It is good hospitality for the host or hostess to serve
        the guests individually from time to time, picking out tender
        morsels for them. Fellow guests may also do this for the guest
        of honor.
      </para>
      <para>
        gān yìbēi: 'Drink a glass', literally 'dry * glass' (meaning 'to
        make the glass dry by emptying it). Since wine cups are small,
        the usual toast is Gān bēi!. 'Bottoms up!' For people who don't
        like to drink too much, the phrase Suíyì, 'As you like', will
        serve as a reply indicating that the whole cup need not be
        emptied. See the note on suíyì below.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zuì Ji: ’Drunken Chicken’. The name of this dish comes from the
        way in which it is prepared. The verb zuì ’to get drunk’, refers
        to the fact that the chicken is marinated in wine at least
        over-night. This dish originates with the Shanghai school of
        cooking. It is served cold.
      </para>
      <para>
        Wo bú huì hē jiu. Dàjiá dōu suíyì ba.: Chinese drinking
        etiquette requires that if someone doesn’t want to participate
        in the full range of drinking activities, he should so indicate
        early on.
      </para>
      <para>
        Peking:
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Hèi! Nīmen dōu lǎi le.
      </para>
      <para>
        Qing zuò, qing zuò.
      </para>
      <para>
        ... Mǎdīng Nushì, jintian shi gěi ni sòngxíng. Nī shi zhǔkè.
        Qing ni zuò zài zhèr.
      </para>
      <para>
        Fl: Hāo. Xièxie, xièxie.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Dajiā dōu qing zuò.
      </para>
      <para>
        (After everyone has sat down and and wine are served.)
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Mǎdīng Nushì, ni chi diǎr zhèige lěngpán.
      </para>
      <para>
        Fl: Hǎo, wō zìjī lǎi.
      </para>
      <para>
        ... Eng, zhèige Zuì Ji zuòde zhēn hao.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Hey! You’ve all come. Please sit down, please sit down. Ms.
        Martin, today we bid you farewell. You are the guest of honor.
        Please sit here.
      </para>
      <para>
        Okay, thank you, thank you.
      </para>
      <para>
        Everyone please sit down.
      </para>
      <para>
        chatted for awhile* the col,d dishes
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        M: Yàoshi xihuan chī jiù duō chī yìdiǎr.
      </para>
      <para>
        (Here he serves or points to the
      </para>
      <para>
        Fl: Hǎo.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Ms. Martin, have some of this cold dish.
      </para>
      <para>
        Fine, I'll serve myself. ... Mmn, this Drunken Chicken is made
        really well.
      </para>
      <para>
        If you like it then have a little more.
      </para>
      <para>
        dish with his chopsticks.)
      </para>
      <para>
        All right.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        (Ms. Martin turns to Section Chief Wang who is sitting next to
        her and has just given her a little bit of one of the dishes.)
      </para>
      <para>
        Fl: Wǎng Kēzhǎng! Nī yě chī a! Section Chief Wang. You Bié jīn
        gěi wo jiān cài.         eat too! Don't just be
      </para>
      <para>
        selecting out food for me.
      </para>
      <para>
        F2: Hāo. Wō chī, wō chī.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Jīntian wSmen gěi Madīng Nushì sòngxíng. Qīng dàjiā dōu gān
        yìbēi! Zhù tā shēntī jiànkāng, gōngzuò shùnlì.
      </para>
      <para>
        F2: Hái yào zhù tā yílù píngān!
      </para>
      <para>
        Fl: Xièxie Lī Chùzhāng^ Xièxie Wáng Kēzhang. Xièxie dàjiā. Wō bú
        huì hē jiǔ. Dàjiā suíyì ba.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        (The hot dishes are now being
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Okay, I’m eating
      </para>
      <para>
        Today we bid Ms. Martin farewell. Let’s all drink a glass. Let's
        all wish her good health and work that goes well.
      </para>
      <para>
        And we also want to wish her a good journey!
      </para>
      <para>
        Thank you Division Chief Li. Thank you Section Chief Wang. Thank
        you everyone. I'm not much of a drinker. Everyone drink as you
        like.
      </para>
      <para>
        served.)
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        M: Dàjiā mànmār chī. Duō chī yìdiār.
      </para>
      <para>
        Everyone take your time. Have a little more.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        NOTES FOLLOWING PART II DIALOGUE
      </para>
      <para>
        Most of the entertaining at a Chinese dinner party takes place
        at the dinner table, although there is some tea drinking and
        chatting both before and after the meal in other rooms. The
        dinner is served at a leisurely pace so that each dish may be
        savored and talked about. A good dish is appreciated for its
        appearance as much as its taste, texture and aroma. As each dish
        is eaten, toasts will be made. The host will start off by
        toasting the guest of honor and then other guests as a group. As
        the evening progresses he will toast each guest in turn and each
        guest will probably propose a toast of his own in honor of the
        host. A strongly flavored liquor (gāoliang jiǔ). a milder rice
        wine (huíng jiǔ). or beer may be served. Guests usually drink
        only when toasting. If you'd like to take a drink of something
        you either propose a toast or catch someon's eye and silently
        toast each other.
      </para>
      <para>
        tnanmAr ehī In sentences expressing commands or requests, an
        adjectival verb describing manner precedes the main verb.
      </para>
      <para>
        Kuài yìdiār kāi!                Drive a little faster!
      </para>
      <para>
        Kuài lái!                        Come here quickly!
      </para>
      <para>
        In the sentence, mfrnmār chī. the adjectival verb coming before
        the main verb, man, is reduplicated with the second syllable
        changing to a high tone. This also happens in a few other
        instances.
      </para>
      <para>
        Kuàikuārde chī!
      </para>
      <para>
        HXohārde zud!
      </para>
      <para>
        Quickly eat!
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        Do it well!
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        PART III
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  30.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiànzài rang women dàjiā jìng ta yìbēi.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Now let's all toast her.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  31.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zhèige Kao Yā nl yě changchang.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  You must also taste the Peking Duck
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  32.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  V3 xiān ná yige báóblng. Ba yā ròu fàngzai zhōngjiān.
                  Zài bā cōng gēn jiàng fang-zai yā ròu shàngtou. Ránhòu
                  jùangilai jiù kéyi ohl le.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  I first take a pancake. (Be is separating one
                  pancake.) Take the duck meat and put it in the middle.
                  Then take the scallion and the paste and put it on
                  top. After that, roll it up, and then you can eat it.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  33.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xūn Ji
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Smoked Chicken
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  3U.
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Zhà Xiāqiú
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Deep Fried Shrimp Balls
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        NOTES ON PART III
      </para>
      <para>
        jìng: This is the verb ’to offer (something) respectfully'. It
        is used here ceremonially in the phrase 'offer her a glass'
        meaning 'to toast her'.
      </para>
      <para>
        JuSnqilai: This compound verb is made of Juan. 'to roll', qì,
        'to rise, go or come up', and lái 'to come'. Both Peking Duck
        and Màxu Ròu are eaten rolled up in pancakes.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xūn Ji: For this dish, chicken is smoked in a vapor from burning
        tea leaves. This example of Peking cuisine is served as a cold
        dish or a hot dish.
      </para>
      <para>
        Zhá Xiāqiú: Zhá is the verb 'to deep fry'. This is a Shanghai
        dish of shredded shrimp shaped into balls and then deep fried.
      </para>
      <para>
        Jiàng: 'Paste'. The paste which is eaten with Peking Duck is
        tiánmiànjiàng. 'sweet bean paste'.
      </para>
      <para>
        Taipei;
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Jīntlan women dàjiā zài zhèli chī fàn shi huānyíng Wèi
        Xiaójie cong Méiguo dào Táiběi lái gōngzuò. Xīwang tā zài women
        gongsi gōngzuo shùnlì.  ... Xiànzài rang
      </para>
      <para>
        women dàjiā jìng tā yìbēi!
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Xièxie, xièxie.
      </para>
      <para>
        (The hot dishes are being served.)
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Wèi Xiáojie, zhè shi Kao Yā. Nī zài Meiguo chfguo méiyou?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Méiyou. W3 zài Mèiguo chīguo jicì Zhōngguo fàn, kěshi méi
        chīguo Kāo Yā.
      </para>
      <para>
        Hāo. WS gaosu ni zenme chī.
      </para>
      <para>
        W8 xiān ná yíge báobīng. Bā yā ròu fàngzai zhōngjiān. Zài bā
        cōng gēn Jiàng fàngzai yā ròu shàngtou. Ránhòu Juānqilai jiù
        kéyi chī le.
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        F: Hāo. WS zhldao le.
      </para>
      <para>
        (Miss Williams tries it.)
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Eng. Zhège Kāo Yā zhēn hāochī.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Zhège Xūn Jī gen Zhá Xlāqiú nī yè chángchang.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Hāo. Hāo. W8 ztjī lái.
      </para>
      <para>
        Today we are all here at this banquet to welcome Miss Williams
        who has come from America to work in Taipei. We hope that her
        work at our company goes smoothly. ... Now let's all toast her!
      </para>
      <para>
        Thank you! Thank you!
      </para>
      <para>
        Miss Williams, this is Peking Duck. Have you ever eaten this in
        America?
      </para>
      <para>
        No. I've eaten Chinese food several times in America, but I've
        never eaten Peking Roast Duck.
      </para>
      <para>
        Okay, I'll tell you how&gt;it is eaten. I first take a báobīng
        and put the duck meat in the middle. Then take a scallion and
        some paste and put it on top of the duck meat. After that, roll
        it up, then you can eat it.
      </para>
      <para>
        Good, now I've got it.
      </para>
      <para>
        Mnn. This Peking Duck is really tasty.
      </para>
      <para>
        You should try the Smoked Chicken and the Deep Fried Shrimp
        Balls, too.
      </para>
      <para>
        Good. I'll serve myself.
      </para>
      <para>
        (After they finish eating.)
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Wèi Xiáojie, ni chībǎo le ma?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Chībǎo le.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Jintian wǎnshangde cài ni zuì xīhuan nǎge a?
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Mèige cài dōu hǎochī. Kǎshi wō zuì xlhuan Kǎo Yā.
      </para>
      <para>
        M: Òu, nà h&amp;o. Xià yícì wōmen kéyi zài lái zhèli chi Kǎo Yā.
      </para>
      <para>
        F: Hen hǎo. Hen hǎo. Xièxie, xièxie
      </para>
      <para>
        Miss Williams, have you eaten your fill?
      </para>
      <para>
        Yes.
      </para>
      <para>
        Which of tonight's dishes do you like the most?
      </para>
      <para>
        All the dishes are tasty. But I like the Peking Roast Duck best.
      </para>
      <para>
        Oh, that's good. We'll have to come here again to eat Peking
        Roast Duck sometime.
      </para>
      <para>
        Good. Thank you.
      </para>
      <para>
        NOTES AFTER DIALOGUE FOR PART III
      </para>
      <para>
        Wō zìjī lái: This is a polite way for a guest to respond when
        the host has been serving him specially.
      </para>
      <para>
        Xià yícì women kéyi zài lái zhèli chī Kǎo Yā.: The use of the
        phrase xià yícì makes it sound as if they are making definite
        plans about the next time they come to eat here, when in fact
        they are Just talking generally about some future time. In
        English, we use 'sometime' rather than 'next time', as in 'We'll
        have to get together again sometime.'
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Vocabulary
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Bdb&amp;o Fàn biāozhǔn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Eight Jeuel Rioe level or standard
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  chíng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to taste, to savor
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dàj iā -dào
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  everybody (counter for a course of a
                </para>
                <para>
                  meal)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ding yìzhuō xí
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  reserve a table for a'dinner party
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dōnggua Zhbng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Winter Melon Soup served in the Carved Melon Shell
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  duōbàn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  most of, the greater part of
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Emèi Cāntlng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  The Omei Reetaurant (a restaurant in Taipei)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  F&amp;ngzéyu&amp;n
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  (The name of a reetaurant in Peking)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fùguì Ji
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Beggar<superscript>1</superscript> s Chióken
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Gānshdo Mingxià
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Dry-aoóked Jumbo Shrimp ,
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  gān yìbēi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sseohuan Style to drink a glass (lit. to
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  gōngzuù shùnlì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  make a glass dry) the work that goes well
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  héshì RóngehSo Yúohi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to be suitable, to be fitting Red-oooked Shark's Fin
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  JiSn jlinking jiàng jin Jìng Jiǔ juànqilai
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to select, pick out to be healthy pastSf bean paste
                  (continually), only, Just to offer someone something
                  liquor, wine to roll up
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  x&amp;o is ki (kiren)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Peking Duok guest(s)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  iSngp&amp;n lìngvìi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  cold dish in addition to, additionally
                </para>
                <para>
                  65
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  míngxiā Mìzhi Huātui
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shrimp
                </para>
                <para>
                  Ham in Honey Sauce
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pèi
                </para>
                <para>
                  pel cài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to find something to match, to match things
                </para>
                <para>
                  to select dishes for a formal
                </para>
                <para>
                  menu
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  rang
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to allow, to have someone do something
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shēngrì
                </para>
                <para>
                  shēntl jiànkāng shùnlì sòngxíng sulyì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  birthday
                </para>
                <para>
                  good health
                </para>
                <para>
                  to go well, without difficulty to see a person off
                  according to one's wishes
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Tángcù Yú tiáncài
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Sueet and Sour Fish dessert
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Xiāngsū Yā Xlngrèn DÒufu Xūn Ji
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Fragrant Crispy Duck
                </para>
                <para>
                  Almond Pudding Smoked Chicken
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yā
                </para>
                <para>
                  yílù píngān
                </para>
                <para>
                  yú
                </para>
                <para>
                  yúchì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  duck
                </para>
                <para>
                  have a nice trip; bon voyage
                </para>
                <para>
                  (lit. a safe journey)
                </para>
                <para>
                  fish shark's fin
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhù zhǔkè
                </para>
                <para>
                  Zhá Xiāqiú zhāngjiān Zuì Ji
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  to wish (someone something) guest of honor
                </para>
                <para>
                  Deep Fried Shrimp Balls
                </para>
                <para>
                  middle
                </para>
                <para>
                  Drunken Chicken
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        FOODS
      </para>
      <para>
        Unit Ròu (Meat)
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  huotuí
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ham
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  niúrdu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  beef
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  1
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  páigu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  spare ribs
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  «.
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yángròu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lamb
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  zhūrdu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pork
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        JI, Yāzi (Chicken, Duck)
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Jí yā, yāzi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  chicken duck
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  2 U
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Yú Xiā (Fish and Shrimp)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bàoyu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  abalone
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  —
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  dàxiā
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  prawn
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ■ *
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  huanghuā yú
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yellow fish
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  3
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lóngxiā
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lobster
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pangxie
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  crab
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiārén
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shrimp
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ,          2
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yúuyu
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  squid
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  yuchì
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  shark's fin
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  ū
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Shuìguo (Fruit)
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="3">
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <colspec align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  fènglí
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pineapple (Taiwan)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  —
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  buōluó
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pineapple (Mainland)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  —
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Júzi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  tangerine (Taiwan)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  *
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  Júzi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  orange (Mainland)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lìzhī
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  lichee
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  —
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  līzi
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  plum
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  —
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  liǔdīng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  orange (Taiwan)
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mángguo
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  mango
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  píngguo
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  apple
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  pútao
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  grape
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xiāngjiāo
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  banana
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  —
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  xīgua
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  watermelon
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        ftlngcài (Vegetables)
      </para>
      <para>
        bái luóbo bāicài bōcài cōng dōnggū dōnggua dōngsǔn dòuyá fānqié
        húluóbo huánggui là Jiao màSr qiézi qlngdòu qīngjiāo qíncài
        xiāngcài xīhóngshì xuSdèu yángcōng yánggū
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        gall huājiāo hújiāo Jiang Jièmo suàn yán zhlma
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        hāo yóu hóng yóu huāshēng yóu Jiàng yóu là yóu má yóu xiāng yóu
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        white radish cabbage                                2
      </para>
      <para>
        spinach scallion* green onion                  3
      </para>
      <para>
        dried black mushroom winter melon bamboo shoot bean sprouts
                                  2
      </para>
      <para>
        tomato carrot cucumber red (hot) pepper wood ear, tree fungus
        eggplant                               2
      </para>
      <para>
        green peas green pepper celery Chinese parsley tomato snow pea
        pods onion button mushroom Zuóliao (Spices) curry fragrant
        (Szechwan) pepper black pepper ginger mustard garlic salt sesame
        seed
      </para>
      <para>
        Yóu (Oil)
      </para>
      <para>
        oyster sauce red (hot) pepper oil peanut oil soy sauce
      </para>
      <para>
        red (hot) pepper oil sesame oil (Taiwan) sesame oil (Mainland)
      </para>
      <para>
        Jiàng (Sauces, Pastes)
      </para>
      <informaltable>
        <tgroup cols="2">
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left" />
          <tbody>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  douban jiàng tiánmiàn jiàng zhīma jiàng
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  bean paste sweet bean paste sesame paste
                </para>
                <para>
                  Jiǔ (Liquor)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
            <row>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  gāoliáng jiǔ huáng jiu pl jiǔ pútáo Jiǔ Shaoxing jiǔ
                </para>
              </entry>
              <entry>
                <para>
                  gāoliáng win (sorghum) yellow wine beer grape wine
                </para>
                <para>
                  (a yellow vine made in Shaoxing)
                </para>
              </entry>
            </row>
          </tbody>
        </tgroup>
      </informaltable>
      <para>
        Zá Xlàng (Miscellaneous)
      </para>
      <para>
        báoblng chá cù dòufu dòufu lǔ dòujiSng fǔnsl
      </para>
      <para>
        jldàn kāfēi miàn miànbāo miànfǔn mlfǔn pídàn (Táiwan) sònghuā
        dàn (Mainland) zhàcài
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        noodles 3 chicken egg 1 coffee 1
      </para>
      <para>
        wheat-flour noodles 1 bread 1 flour
      </para>
<literallayout>
</literallayout>
      <para>
        thin rolled, wheat-flour pancake 3 tea vinegar bean curd
        fermented bean curd soybean milk, soy milk cellophane noodles,
        bean thread rice flour, or rice flour noodles preserved egg
        preserved egg
      </para>
      <para>
        hot pickled cabbage (Szechwan)         3
      </para>
      <para>
        69
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>
</article>