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FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText.htm

FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText.htm 542 KB
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  4. <head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta name="generator" content="ABBYY FineReader PDF 15"><meta name="author" content="Foreign Service Institute"><meta name="description" content="Standard Chinese"><title>FSI - Standard Chinese - Resource Module - Student Text</title>
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  43. <p><span class="font6">CM 0102 S</span></p>
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  44. <p><span class="font20" style="font-weight:bold;"><sup>1</sup> STANDARD CHINESE</span></p>
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  45. <p><span class="font16">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
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  46. <p><span class="font17" style="font-weight:bold;">RESOURCE MODULES:</span></p>
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  47. <p><span class="font15">PRONUNCIATION and ROMANIZATION</span></p>
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  48. <p><span class="font15">NUMBERS</span></p>
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  49. <p><span class="font15">CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS fl</span></p>
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  50. <p><span class="font15">TIME and DATES</span></p>
    51. 

  51. <p><span class="font8">SPONSORED BY AGENCIES OF THE</span></p>
    52. 

  52. <p><span class="font8">UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN GOVERNMENTS</span></p>
    53. 

  53. <p><span class="font7">This publication is to be used primarily in support of instructing military personnel as part of the Defense Language Program (resident and nonresident), Inquiries concerning the use of materials, including requests for copies, should be addressed to:</span></p>
    54. 

  54. <p><span class="font7">Defense Language Institute</span></p>
    55. 

  55. <p><span class="font7">Foreign Language Center</span></p>
    56. 

  56. <p><span class="font7">NonresidentTraining Division</span></p>
    57. 

  57. <p><span class="font7">Presidio of Monterey, CA 93944-5006</span></p>
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  58. <p><span class="font7">Topics in the areas of politics, international relations, mores, etc which may be considered as controversial from some points of view, are sometimes included in the language instruction for DLIFLC students since military personnel may find themselves in positions where a clear understanding of conversations or written materials of this nature will be essential to their mission The presence of controversial statements-whether real or apparent--m DLIFLC materials should not be construed as representing the opinions of the writers, the DLIFLC, or the Department of Defense.</span></p>
    59. 

  59. <p><span class="font7">Actual brand names and businesses are sometimes cited in DLIFLC instructional materials to provide instruction in pronunciations and meanings. The selection of such proprietary terms and names is based solely on their value for instruction in the language. It does not constitute endorsement of any product or commercial enterprise, nor is it intended to invite a comparison with other brand names and businesses not mentioned</span></p>
    60. 

  60. <p><span class="font7">In DLIFLC publications, the words </span><span class="font7" style="font-style:italic;">he, him,</span><span class="font7"> and/or </span><span class="font7" style="font-style:italic;">his</span><span class="font7"> denote both masculine and feminine genders. This statement does not apply to translations of foreign language texts.</span></p>
    61. 

  61. <p><span class="font7">The DLIFLC may not have full rights to the materials it produces. Purchase by the customer does net constitute authorization for reproduction, resale, or showing for profit. Generally, products distributed by the DLIFLC may be used in any not-for-profit setting without prior approval from the DLIFLC.</span></p>
    62. 

  62. <p><span class="font14" style="font-weight:bold;">STANDARD CHINESE</span></p>
    63. 

  63. <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">A MODULAR APPROACH</span></p>
    64. 

  64. <p><span class="font12" style="font-weight:bold;">RESOURCE MODULES:</span></p>
    65. 

  65. <p><span class="font11">PRONUNCIATION and ROMANIZATION</span></p>
    66. 

  66. <p><span class="font11">NUMBERS</span></p>
    67. 

  67. <p><span class="font11">CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS</span></p>
    68. 

  68. <p><span class="font11">TIME and DATES</span></p>
    69. 

  69. <p><span class="font6">AUGUST 1979</span></p><a name="caption1"></a>
    70. 

  70. <h3><a name="bookmark0"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark1"></a>PREFACE</span></h3>
    71. 

  71. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach</span><span class="font5"> originated in an Inter-agency conference held at the Foreign 5ērvice Institute in August 1973 to address the need’ genera! ly felt in the U.S. Government language training community for Improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in BēljTng and in Taipei.</span></p>
    72. 

  72. <p><span class="font5">The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough Tn form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions.</span></p>
    73. 

  73. <p><span class="font5">A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department’s Foreign Service institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representatives have Included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Ēoag CCIA); Colonel John F. Elder Hi, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Glbian, and Major Bernard Mulier-Thym (DU); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff III (FSI); Kazuo Shltama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozorlz (CFFLS) .</span></p>
    74. 

  74. <p><span class="font5">The Project Board set up the Chinese Cora Curriculum Project in 1974 in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance.</span></p>
    75. 

  75. <p><span class="font5">Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr, Kok, Frances LI of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O’Connor of the University of Texas, Eari M. RIckerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development.</span></p>
    76. 

  76. <p><span class="font5">Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who worked in close cooperation with the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the communication-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher’s guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C, PoI a had Joined the staff. Led by Ms. Baraìe, they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6.</span></p>
    77. 

  77. <p><span class="font5">All Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ylng-chlh Chen, Hslao-jung Chi, Eva Dlao, Jan Hu, Tsung-ml LI, and Yunhul C. Yang, assisted for part of the time by Chleh-fang Ou Lee, Ylng-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Me I -1 I Chen, and Henry Khuo helped In the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues.</span></p>
    78. 

  78. <p><span class="font5">Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basclano, Lisa A, Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Renee T, C. Liang, Thomas E. Madden, Susan C, Pola, and Kathleen Strype,</span></p>
    79. 

  79. <p><span class="font5">The production of tape recordings was directed by Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio, The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr, Chen, Ms. Dlao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Mr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basclano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype.</span></p>
    80. 

  80. <p><span class="font5">The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual.</span></p>
    81. 

  81. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Standard Chinese: A Modular .Approach</span><span class="font5"> was field-tested with the cooperation of Brown University? th&quot;e~~Def ense Language Institute, Foreign Language Center; the Foreign Service Institute; the Language Learning Center; the United States Air Force Academy the University of Illinois; and the University of Virginia,</span></p>
    82. 

  82. <p><span class="font5">Colonel Samuel L. Stapleton and Colonel Thomas G. Foster, Commandants of the Defense Language institute, Foreign Language Center, authorized the DLIFLC support necessary for preparation of this edition of the course materials. This support Included coordination, graphic arts, editing, typing, proofreading, printing, and materials necessary to carry out these tasks.</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-1.jpg" alt="" style="width:196pt;height:92pt;">
    83. 

  83. <h3><a name="bookmark2"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark3"></a>CONTENTS</span></h3>
    84. 

  84. <p><a href="#bookmark4"><span class="font5"><sub>Sffl</sub> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Preface.....................</span></a></p>
    85. 

  85. <p><span class="font5">PRONUNCIATION AND ROMANIZATION</span></p>
    86. 

  86. <p><a href="#bookmark5"><span class="font5">Introduction ....</span></a></p>
    87. 

  87. <p><a href="#bookmark6"><span class="font5"><sup>(</sup>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tape : Workbook (Tones).........,</span></a></p>
    88. 

  88. <p><a href="#bookmark7"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook (Consonants and Vowels I) ...... .</span></a></p>
    89. 

  89. <p><a href="#bookmark8"><span class="font5">Tape 3 Workbook (Consonants and Vowels II)</span></a></p>
    90. 

  90. <p><a href="#bookmark9"><span class="font5">Tape 4 Workbook (Consonants and Vowels III)</span></a></p>
    91. 

  91. <p><a href="#bookmark10"><span class="font5">Tape 5 Workbook (Consonants and Vowels IV)</span></a></p>
    92. 

  92. <p><span class="font5">Tape 6 Workbook (Tones In Combination) ........ 19</span></p>
    93. 

  93. <p><a href="#bookmark11"><span class="font5">El Tone Card</span></a></p>
    94. 

  94. <p><a href="#bookmark12"><span class="font5"><sup>in</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Summary</span></a></p>
    95. 

  95. <p><a href="#bookmark13"><span class="font5">Tones</span></a></p>
    96. 

  96. <p><a href="#bookmark14"><span class="font5">Consonants and Vowels ..... ..........</span></a></p>
    97. 

  97. <p><a href="#bookmark15"><span class="font5">I . &nbsp;&nbsp;Finals</span></a></p>
    98. 

  98. <p><a href="#bookmark16"><span class="font5">i I . &nbsp;&nbsp;initials .....</span></a></p>
    99. 

  99. <p><a href="#bookmark17"><span class="font5">Sentence Intonation</span></a></p>
    100. 

  100. <p><span class="font5">Is, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Appendices</span></p>
    101. 

  101. <p><a href="#bookmark18"><span class="font5">I: List of initials</span></a></p>
    102. 

  102. <p><a href="#bookmark19"><span class="font22">•</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;II: List of Finals</span></a></p>
    103. 

  103. <p><a href="#bookmark20"><span class="font5">NUMBERS I ntroduct Ion</span></a></p>
    104. 

  104. <p><a href="#bookmark21"><span class="font5">h &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tape I Workbook (Numbers 1-6)</span></a></p>
    105. 

  105. <p><a href="#bookmark22"><span class="font5">- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tape 2 Workbook (Numbers 7-10 and 0) &nbsp;...</span></a></p>
    106. 

  106. <p><span class="font5">Tape 3 Workbook (Numbers 11-99)........... , 57</span></p>
    107. 

  107. <p><a href="#bookmark23"><span class="font5">my &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Tape 4 Workbook (Numbers 1-99, Review) </span></a></p>
    108. 

  108. <p><a href="#bookmark24"><span class="font5">Tape 5 Workbook (Numbers 100-999) </span></a></p>
    109. 

  109. <p><span class="font5">Tape 6 Workbook (Numbers 1,000-99,999) ........ 63</span></p>
    110. 

  110. <p><a href="#bookmark25"><span class="font5">Summary .</span></a></p>
    111. 

  111. <p><a href="#bookmark26"><span class="font5">CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS</span></a></p>
    112. 

  112. <p><a href="#bookmark27"><span class="font5">TIME AND DATES Introduction ........... </span></a></p>
    113. 

  113. <p><a href="#bookmark28"><span class="font5">Tape 1 Workbook (Dates) ..... ...........</span></a></p>
    114. 

  114. <p><a href="#bookmark29"><span class="font5">Tape 2 Workbook (Years and Days of the Weak)</span></a></p>
    115. 

  115. <p><a href="#bookmark30"><span class="font5">Tape 3 Workbook (Clock Time)</span></a></p>
    116. 

  116. <p><span class="font5">Tape 4 Workbook (Ciock Time and Parts of the Day) ... 64</span></p>
    117. 

  117. <p><a href="#bookmark31"><span class="font5">Summary</span></a></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-2.jpg" alt="" style="width:26pt;height:34pt;"><a name="caption2"></a>
    118. 

  118. <h1><a name="bookmark32"></a><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark33"></a>PRONUNCIATION and ROMANIZATION (P&amp;R)</span></h1>
    119. 

  119. <h2><a name="bookmark5"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark34"></a>INTRODUCTION</span></h2>
    120. 

  120. <p><span class="font5">Your chief concern as you start this course Is learning to pronounce Chinese, The Orientation Module, which plunges you right Into trying to say things in Chinese, naturally involves a certain amount of pronunciation work. This resource module is designed to supplement that work with a brief, systematic Introduction to the sound system of Standard Chinese, as well as to Its written representation in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> roman 1zation,</span></p>
    121. 

  121. <p><span class="font5">The essential part of this module consists of the Pronunciation and Romanization CP&amp;R) tapes and the accompanying displays and exorcises in the workbook section of this module. You should work through at least the first four of these tapes, and preferably the first six, while you are studying the Orientation ModuIe .</span></p>
    122. 

  122. <p><span class="font5">Following the workbook section of this module, you will find a summary of pronunciation and romanization. You might want to glance at this before starting the tapes, particularly to locate certain charts and lists which could be helpful for reference. But it would probably be better to put off studying the summary until after you have finished the tapes. The tapes are Intended as an introduction, while the summary is not. For one thing, text discussions of the sounds of the language cannot equal the recorded presentations and your teacher’s oral presentations. For another thing, the summary provides considerably more Information than you wíi! need or want at first,</span></p>
    123. 

  123. <p><span class="font5">Both the tapes and the summary contain discussions of the sounds of the language and their spellings. You may find that these discussions offer useful hints, allowing you to put your intellect to work on the problems of pronunciation and romanization, However, particularly in pronunciation, most of your learning must come from doing. it Is important to practice . reading and writing the romanization, but it is vital to practice recognizing and producing the sounds of the language. Serious and sustained attempts to mimic, as fa 1thfuiIy-as possible, either your Instructor or the speakers on the tapes will allow you to pick up unconsciously far more than you can attend to consc i ous I y.</span></p>
    124. 

  124. <p><span class="font5">The most Important thing for you to do Is to abandon the phonetic '’prejudices&quot; you have built up as a speaker of English and surrender yourself to the sounds of Chinese, Being less set than adults Tn their ways, children are quicker to pick up a proper accent. Try to regress to the phonetic suggestibility of childhood, however hard it is to shed the safe and comfortable rigidity and certainty of adulthood. Ths most your intellect can supply is a certain amount of guidance and monitoring.</span></p>
    125. 

  125. <p><span class="font5">Be sure to repeat the words and sentences on the tapes In your full normal speaking voice, or even louder, as If you were speaking to someone at a reasonable distance. When you speak to yourself under your breath, you are considerably less precise In your pronunciation than when you speak aloud. This Is all right In English, since you can already pronounce the language. But, In Chinese, you would not be practicing that skill which you are trying to develop, and you would find yourself at a loss when you tried to switch to full volume in class.</span></p>
    126. 

  126. <p><span class="font5">One of the advantages an adult has over a child In learning a language Is the ability to make use of e written representation of It. In this course you learn the </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> system of romanization at the same time that you are learn i ng the sound system of Standard Chinese. (The nona Iphabet I c system of written characters Is taught as a separate component of the course.) You will find that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> is not the simplest possible phonetic transcription. Some of the letters and combinations of letters chosen to represent the sounds of Chinese are not the most obvious ones. While consonant letters generally stand for fixed consonant sounds, vowel letters can stand for various vowel sounds, depending on what letters precede them and follow them. Some of the abbreviation rules are more trouble than they are worth at first. These drawbacks--whI ch are actually relatively minor compared with those of most spelling systems--stem from the fact that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> was designed for speakers of Chinese, not for speakers of English. The primary consideration In devising the system was the most efficient use of the letters of the Roman alphabet to represent the sounds of Chinese. The drawbacks to learning </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> are considerably outweighed by the advantage that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> is widely taught and used as a supplementary script In the People's Republic of China. You are learning </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> not merely as an aid during the first few weeks of the course, but also as one of the ways Chinese Is actually written, and as what may well represent the wave of the future.</span></p>
    127. 

  127. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">NOTE</span><span class="font5">: A number of surnames used in this module are rare. Some may even be unfamiliar to most Chinese, although all are authentic. These rare surnames are used to Illustrate various contrasts In sound and spelling.</span></p>
    128. 

  128. <p><span class="font26" style="font-weight:bold;">♦</span></p>
    129. 

  129. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 1 WORKBOOK (TONES)</span></p>
    130. 

  130. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY I: THE FOUR TONES</span></p>
    131. 

  131. <p><span class="font27" style="font-weight:bold;">HIGH</span></p>
    132. 

  132. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-3.jpg" alt="" style="width:275pt;height:367pt;">
    133. 

  133. <p><span class="font5">mǎ, &quot;horse&quot;</span></p>
    134. 

  134. </div><br clear="all">
    135. 

  135. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-4.jpg" alt="" style="width:34pt;height:41pt;">
    136. 

  136. </div><br clear="all">
    137. 

  137. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-5.jpg" alt="" style="width:123pt;height:153pt;">
    138. 

  138. </div><br clear="all">
    139. 

  139. <div>
    140. 

  140. <p><span class="font27" style="font-weight:bold;">FALLING</span></p>
    141. 

  141. </div><br clear="all">
    142. 

  142. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-6.jpg" alt="" style="width:134pt;height:137pt;">
    143. 

  143. <p><span class="font5">mà, <sup>,T</sup>+o scold&quot;</span></p>
    144. 

  144. </div><br clear="all">
    145. 

  145. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise I</span><span class="font5">: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">F5ng</span><span class="font5"> vs. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fáng</span></p>
    146. 

  146. <p><span class="font5">I . Fang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2. </span><span class="font5">Fang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.</span></p>
    147. 

  147. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    148. 

  148. <p><span class="font5">6. Fang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. Fang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;S.</span></p></li></ul>
    149. 

  149. <p><span class="font5">Fang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. Fang 5. Fang</span></p>
    150. 

  150. <p><span class="font5">Fang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. Fang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;IO. Fang</span></p>
    151. 

  151. <table border="1">
    152. 

  152. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    153. 

  153. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 2:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    154. 

  154. <p><span class="font5">WSI vs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    155. 

  155. <p><span class="font5">. Wěi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    156. 

  156. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    157. 

  157. <p><span class="font5">■■</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    158. 

  158. <p><span class="font5">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    159. 

  159. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    160. 

  160. <p><span class="font5">1 . Wei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    161. 

  161. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    162. 

  162. <p><span class="font5">We i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    163. 

  163. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    164. 

  164. <p><span class="font5">Wei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    165. 

  165. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    166. 

  166. <p><span class="font5">We I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    167. 

  167. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    168. 

  168. <p><span class="font5">Wei</span></p></td></tr>
    169. 

  169. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    170. 

  170. <p><span class="font5">6. Wei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    171. 

  171. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    172. 

  172. <p><span class="font5">We I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    173. 

  173. <p><span class="font5">fl.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    174. 

  174. <p><span class="font5">We I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    175. 

  175. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    176. 

  176. <p><span class="font5">Wei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    177. 

  177. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    178. 

  178. <p><span class="font5">Wei</span></p></td></tr>
    179. 

  179. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    180. 

  180. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 3:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    181. 

  181. <p><span class="font5">M f vs.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    182. 

  182. <p><span class="font5">MT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    183. 

  183. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    184. 

  184. <p><span class="font5">— “</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    185. 

  185. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    186. 

  186. <p><span class="font5">1 . Mi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    187. 

  187. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    188. 

  188. <p><span class="font5">Ml</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    189. 

  189. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    190. 

  190. <p><span class="font5">Ml</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    191. 

  191. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    192. 

  192. <p><span class="font5">Mi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    193. 

  193. <p><span class="font5">5 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    194. 

  194. <p><span class="font5">MI</span></p></td></tr>
    195. 

  195. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    196. 

  196. <p><span class="font5">6* Mi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    197. 

  197. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    198. 

  198. <p><span class="font5">MI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    199. 

  199. <p><span class="font5">fl.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    200. 

  200. <p><span class="font5">MI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    201. 

  201. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    202. 

  202. <p><span class="font5">Ml</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    203. 

  203. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    204. 

  204. <p><span class="font5">Ml</span></p></td></tr>
    205. 

  205. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    206. 

  206. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 4:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    207. 

  207. <p><span class="font5">Wú vs.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    208. 

  208. <p><span class="font5">Wǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    209. 

  209. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    210. 

  210. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    211. 

  211. <p><span class="font5">1 . Wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    212. 

  212. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    213. 

  213. <p><span class="font5">Wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    214. 

  214. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    215. 

  215. <p><span class="font5">Wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    216. 

  216. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    217. 

  217. <p><span class="font5">Wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    218. 

  218. <p><span class="font5">5 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    219. 

  219. <p><span class="font5">Wu</span></p></td></tr>
    220. 

  220. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    221. 

  221. <p><span class="font5">6. Wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    222. 

  222. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    223. 

  223. <p><span class="font5">Wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    224. 

  224. <p><span class="font5">■ fl.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    225. 

  225. <p><span class="font5">Wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    226. 

  226. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    227. 

  227. <p><span class="font5">Wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    228. 

  228. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    229. 

  229. <p><span class="font5">Wu</span></p></td></tr>
    230. 

  230. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    231. 

  231. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 5:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    232. 

  232. <p><span class="font5">YTn vs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    233. 

  233. <p><span class="font5">. Yìn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    234. 

  234. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    235. 

  235. <p><span class="font5">---—a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    236. 

  236. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    237. 

  237. <p><span class="font5">I . Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    238. 

  238. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    239. 

  239. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    240. 

  240. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    241. 

  241. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    242. 

  242. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    243. 

  243. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    244. 

  244. <p><span class="font7">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    245. 

  245. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td></tr>
    246. 

  246. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    247. 

  247. <p><span class="font5">6. Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    248. 

  248. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    249. 

  249. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    250. 

  250. <p><span class="font5">fl.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    251. 

  251. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    252. 

  252. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    253. 

  253. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    254. 

  254. <p><span class="font7">IO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    255. 

  255. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td></tr>
    256. 

  256. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    257. 

  257. <p><span class="font5">Exercise ō:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    258. 

  258. <p><span class="font5">Lái vs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    259. 

  259. <p><span class="font5">. Làǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    260. 

  260. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    261. 

  261. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    262. 

  262. <p><span class="font5">1 . Lai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    263. 

  263. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    264. 

  264. <p><span class="font5">Lai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    265. 

  265. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    266. 

  266. <p><span class="font5">Laí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    267. 

  267. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    268. 

  268. <p><span class="font5">Laí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    269. 

  269. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    270. 

  270. <p><span class="font5">Lai</span></p></td></tr>
    271. 

  271. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    272. 

  272. <p><span class="font5">6. La i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    273. 

  273. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    274. 

  274. <p><span class="font5">Laí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    275. 

  275. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    276. 

  276. <p><span class="font5">Lal</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    277. 

  277. <p><span class="font5">9,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    278. 

  278. <p><span class="font5">Laf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    279. 

  279. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    280. 

  280. <p><span class="font5">Lal</span></p></td></tr>
    281. 

  281. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    282. 

  282. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 7:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    283. 

  283. <p><span class="font5">Hāo vs</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    284. 

  284. <p><span class="font5">. Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    285. 

  285. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    286. 

  286. <p><span class="font5">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    287. 

  287. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    288. 

  288. <p><span class="font5">1. Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    289. 

  289. <p><span class="font5">2. Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    290. 

  290. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    291. 

  291. <p><span class="font5">Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    292. 

  292. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    293. 

  293. <p><span class="font5">Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    294. 

  294. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    295. 

  295. <p><span class="font5">5. Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    296. 

  296. <p><span class="font5">6. Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    297. 

  297. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    298. 

  298. <p><span class="font5">Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    299. 

  299. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    300. 

  300. <p><span class="font5">Hao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    301. 

  301. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    302. 

  302. <p><span class="font5">Exercise B:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    303. 

  303. <p><span class="font5">YT vs.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    304. 

  304. <p><span class="font5">Y í vs,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    305. 

  305. <p><span class="font5">YT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    306. 

  306. <p><span class="font5">vs. Yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    307. 

  307. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    308. 

  308. <p><span class="font5">—</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    309. 

  309. <p><span class="font5">'—■&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    310. 

  310. <p><span class="font5">■</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    311. 

  311. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    312. 

  312. <p><span class="font5">1 . Yi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    313. 

  313. <p><span class="font5">2,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    314. 

  314. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    315. 

  315. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    316. 

  316. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    317. 

  317. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    318. 

  318. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    319. 

  319. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    320. 

  320. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td></tr>
    321. 

  321. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    322. 

  322. <p><span class="font5">6. Yl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    323. 

  323. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    324. 

  324. <p><span class="font5">Yi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    325. 

  325. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    326. 

  326. <p><span class="font5">Yi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    327. 

  327. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    328. 

  328. <p><span class="font5">Yl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    329. 

  329. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    330. 

  330. <p><span class="font5">Yi</span></p></td></tr>
    331. 

  331. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    332. 

  332. <p><span class="font5">II. Yi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    333. 

  333. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    334. 

  334. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    335. 

  335. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    336. 

  336. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    337. 

  337. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    338. 

  338. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    339. 

  339. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    340. 

  340. <p><span class="font5">Yl</span></p></td></tr>
    341. 

  341. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    342. 

  342. <p><span class="font5">ifl. YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    343. 

  343. <p><span class="font5">17,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    344. 

  344. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    345. 

  345. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    346. 

  346. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    347. 

  347. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    348. 

  348. <p><span class="font5">YI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    349. 

  349. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    350. 

  350. <p><span class="font5">Yi</span></p></td></tr>
    351. 

  351. </table>
    352. 

  352. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 2 WORKBOOK (CONSONANTS AND VOWELS I)</span></p>
    353. 

  353. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY I: SINGLE VOWELS</span></p>
    354. 

  354. <table border="1">
    355. 

  355. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    356. 

  356. <p><span class="font5">Ch Inese Surname</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    357. 

  357. <p><span class="font5">S i m11 ar Sound in English</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    358. 

  358. <p><span class="font5">Or i entat i on Module Examp 1e</span></p></td></tr>
    359. 

  359. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    360. 

  360. <p><span class="font5">Fffng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    361. 

  361. <p><span class="font5">Oki nawa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    362. 

  362. <p><span class="font5">tSF</span></p></td></tr>
    363. 

  363. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    364. 

  364. <p><span class="font5">Mi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    365. 

  365. <p><span class="font5">Tahiti</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    366. 

  366. <p><span class="font5">nī</span></p></td></tr>
    367. 

  367. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    368. 

  368. <p><span class="font5">Hú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    369. 

  369. <p><span class="font5">Mono lulu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    370. 

  370. <p><span class="font5">Hú</span></p></td></tr>
    371. 

  371. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    372. 

  372. <p><span class="font5">Hóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    373. 

  373. <p><span class="font5">woman</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    374. 

  374. <p><span class="font5">tóngzhl</span></p></td></tr>
    375. 

  375. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    376. 

  376. <p><span class="font5">Ēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    377. 

  377. <p><span class="font5">ch J cken</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    378. 

  378. <p><span class="font5">ne</span></p></td></tr>
    379. 

  379. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    380. 

  380. </table>
    381. 

  381. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exerclse 1</span></p>
    382. 

  382. <table border="1">
    383. 

  383. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    384. 

  384. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    385. 

  385. <p><span class="font5">H____ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    386. 

  386. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    387. 

  387. <p><span class="font5">H____ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    388. 

  388. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    389. 

  389. <p><span class="font5">H___ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    390. 

  390. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    391. 

  391. <p><span class="font5">H___ng</span></p></td></tr>
    392. 

  392. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    393. 

  393. <p><span class="font5">5,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    394. 

  394. <p><span class="font5">H___ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    395. 

  395. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    396. 

  396. <p><span class="font5">H___ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    397. 

  397. <p><span class="font5">7,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    398. 

  398. <p><span class="font5">H___ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    399. 

  399. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    400. 

  400. <p><span class="font5">H____ng</span></p></td></tr>
    401. 

  401. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    402. 

  402. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    403. 

  403. <p><span class="font5">H____ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    404. 

  404. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    405. 

  405. <p><span class="font5">H__ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    406. 

  406. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    407. 

  407. <p><span class="font5">H___ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    408. 

  408. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    409. 

  409. <p><span class="font5">H___ng</span></p></td></tr>
    410. 

  410. </table>
    411. 

  411. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
    412. 

  412. <table border="1">
    413. 

  413. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    414. 

  414. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    415. 

  415. <p><span class="font5">MS</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    416. 

  416. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    417. 

  417. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">Yǐ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    418. 

  418. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    419. 

  419. <p><span class="font5">Fti</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    420. 

  420. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    421. 

  421. <p><span class="font5">Lóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    422. 

  422. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    423. 

  423. <p><span class="font5">Há’’</span></p></td></tr>
    424. 

  424. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    425. 

  425. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    426. 

  426. <p><span class="font5">Wú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    427. 

  427. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    428. 

  428. <p><span class="font5">F3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    429. 

  429. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    430. 

  430. <p><span class="font5">Ēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    431. 

  431. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    432. 

  432. <p><span class="font5">Lú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    433. 

  433. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    434. 

  434. <p><span class="font5">Y6ng</span></p></td></tr>
    435. 

  435. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    436. 

  436. <p><span class="font5">I 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    437. 

  437. <p><span class="font5">MS ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    438. 

  438. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    439. 

  439. <p><span class="font5">in</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    440. 

  440. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    441. 

  441. <p><span class="font5">Yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    442. 

  442. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    443. 

  443. <p><span class="font5">Ming</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    444. 

  444. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    445. 

  445. <p><span class="font5">Hóng</span></p></td></tr>
    446. 

  446. </table>
    447. 

  447. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY II: DIPHTHONGS</span></p>
    448. 

  448. <table border="1">
    449. 

  449. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    450. 

  450. <p><span class="font5">Ch Inese Surname</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    451. 

  451. <p><span class="font5">S 1 m I1 ar Sound In English (with PTnyTn)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    452. 

  452. <p><span class="font5">Or Ien + atI on Modu1e Examp 1e</span></p></td></tr>
    453. 

  453. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    454. 

  454. <p><span class="font5"><sup>L</sup>ÌL</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    455. 

  455. <p><span class="font5">Shanghai (Shanghai )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    456. 

  456. <p><span class="font5">tàj_tal</span></p></td></tr>
    457. 

  457. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    458. 

  458. <p><span class="font5">Ta 1 p</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">e 1</span><span class="font5"> (Tái t&gt;S_í_)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    459. 

  459. <p><span class="font5">shé 1</span></p></td></tr>
    460. 

  460. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    461. 

  461. <p><span class="font5">H</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    462. 

  462. <p><span class="font5">M</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ao</span><span class="font5"> Tse-Tung (Máo Zédōng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    463. 

  463. <p><span class="font5">h </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">So</span></p></td></tr>
    464. 

  464. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    465. 

  465. <p><span class="font5">L</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">óu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    466. 

  466. <p><span class="font5">Chou En-lal (Zh</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Cu</span><span class="font5"> Enlál)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    467. 

  467. <p><span class="font5">nS izh5u</span></p></td></tr>
    468. 

  468. </table>
    469. 

  469. <table border="1">
    470. 

  470. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    471. 

  471. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    472. 

  472. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    473. 

  473. <p><span class="font5">Fě I</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    474. 

  474. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    475. 

  475. <p><span class="font5">Máo</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    476. 

  476. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    477. 

  477. <p><span class="font5">Hóu</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    478. 

  478. <p><span class="font5">5 .</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    479. 

  479. <p><span class="font5">He</span></p></td></tr>
    480. 

  480. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    481. 

  481. <p><span class="font5">I .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    482. 

  482. <p><span class="font5">Màl</span></p></td></tr>
    483. 

  483. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    484. 

  484. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    485. 

  485. <p><span class="font5">Hú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    486. 

  486. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    487. 

  487. <p><span class="font5">Hā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    488. 

  488. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    489. 

  489. <p><span class="font5">Lè 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    490. 

  490. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    491. 

  491. <p><span class="font5">Lóu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    492. 

  492. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    493. 

  493. <p><span class="font5">Měng</span></p></td></tr>
    494. 

  494. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    495. 

  495. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    496. 

  496. <p><span class="font5">Méi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    497. 

  497. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    498. 

  498. <p><span class="font5">LSo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    499. 

  499. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    500. 

  500. <p><span class="font5">Lóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    501. 

  501. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    502. 

  502. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    503. 

  503. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    504. 

  504. <p><span class="font5">Ou</span></p></td></tr>
    505. 

  505. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    506. 

  506. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    507. 

  507. <p><span class="font5">W5I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    508. 

  508. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    509. 

  509. <p><span class="font5">Ēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    510. 

  510. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    511. 

  511. <p><span class="font5">Nàī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    512. 

  512. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    513. 

  513. <p><span class="font5">Yóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    514. 

  514. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    515. 

  515. <p><span class="font5">Hào</span></p></td></tr>
    516. 

  516. </table>
    517. 

  517. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY III: SEMIVOWELS</span></p>
    518. 

  518. <table border="1">
    519. 

  519. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    520. 

  520. <p><span class="font5">Consonant A 1 one</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    521. 

  521. <p><span class="font5">Semivowe1 A 1 one</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    522. 

  522. <p><span class="font5">Consonant</span></p>
    523. 

  523. <p><span class="font5">Plus Semivowel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    524. 

  524. <p><span class="font5">Orientation</span></p>
    525. 

  525. <p><span class="font5">Modu1e</span></p>
    526. 

  526. <p><span class="font5">Examp 1e</span></p></td></tr>
    527. 

  527. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    528. 

  528. <p><span class="font5">Háng</span></p>
    529. 

  529. <p><span class="font5">L,án</span></p>
    530. 

  530. <p><span class="font5">Máo</span></p>
    531. 

  531. <p><span class="font5">Láng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    532. 

  532. <p><span class="font5">Wáng</span></p>
    533. 

  533. <p><span class="font5">Wán</span></p>
    534. 

  534. <p><span class="font5">Yáo</span></p>
    535. 

  535. <p><span class="font5">Yáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    536. 

  536. <p><span class="font5">Hu_áng Li^án MJ_áo L^áng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    537. 

  537. <p><span class="font5">Gi^Sngzhōu</span></p>
    538. 

  538. <p><span class="font5">xj_áoj I e</span></p></td></tr>
    539. 

  539. </table>
    540. 

  540. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 4</span></p>
    541. 

  541. <table border="1">
    542. 

  542. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    543. 

  543. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    544. 

  544. <p><span class="font5">Hán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    545. 

  545. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    546. 

  546. <p><span class="font5">Wán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    547. 

  547. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    548. 

  548. <p><span class="font5">Huán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    549. 

  549. <p><span class="font5">4 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    550. 

  550. <p><span class="font5">Láng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    551. 

  551. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    552. 

  552. <p><span class="font5">Yáng</span></p></td></tr>
    553. 

  553. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    554. 

  554. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    555. 

  555. <p><span class="font5">L1 áng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    556. 

  556. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    557. 

  557. <p><span class="font5">Luán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    558. 

  558. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    559. 

  559. <p><span class="font5">MIfeo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    560. 

  560. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    561. 

  561. <p><span class="font5">Huáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    562. 

  562. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    563. 

  563. <p><span class="font5">Lifeo</span></p></td></tr>
    564. 

  564. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    565. 

  565. <p><span class="font5">11.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    566. 

  566. <p><span class="font5">Huá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    567. 

  567. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    568. 

  568. <p><span class="font5">Huá i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    569. 

  569. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    570. 

  570. <p><span class="font5">L 1 áng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    571. 

  571. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    572. 

  572. <p><span class="font5">Luán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    573. 

  573. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    574. 

  574. <p><span class="font5">Líào</span></p></td></tr>
    575. 

  575. </table>
    576. 

  576. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY IV: IRREGULAR COMBINATIONS OF SEMIVOWEL AND VOWEL</span></p>
    577. 

  577. <table border="1">
    578. 

  578. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    579. 

  579. <p><span class="font5">Vowel Alone</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    580. 

  580. <p><span class="font5">Semivowel Pius Vowel</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    581. 

  581. <p><span class="font5">Or 1entatIon Module Examp 1e</span></p></td></tr>
    582. 

  582. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    583. 

  583. <p><span class="font5">Initial</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    584. 

  584. <p><span class="font5">After Consonant</span></p></td></tr>
    585. 

  585. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    586. 

  586. <p><span class="font5">E</span></p>
    587. 

  587. <p><span class="font5">An</span></p>
    588. 

  588. <p><span class="font5">Lóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    589. 

  589. <p><span class="font5">Yfe</span></p>
    590. 

  590. <p><span class="font5">Yán</span></p>
    591. 

  591. <p><span class="font5">Wò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    592. 

  592. <p><span class="font5">Life</span></p>
    593. 

  593. <p><span class="font5">Líán</span></p>
    594. 

  594. <p><span class="font5">Luò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    595. 

  595. <p><span class="font5">X 1 fe X 1 6</span></p>
    596. 

  596. <p><span class="font5">Dfen 1 án</span></p>
    597. 

  597. <p><span class="font5">w6</span></p></td></tr>
    598. 

  598. </table>
    599. 

  599. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 5</span></p>
    600. 

  600. <table border="1">
    601. 

  601. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    602. 

  602. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    603. 

  603. <p><span class="font5">Yfe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    604. 

  604. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    605. 

  605. <p><span class="font5">Yán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    606. 

  606. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    607. 

  607. <p><span class="font5">wò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    608. 

  608. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    609. 

  609. <p><span class="font5">Life</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    610. 

  610. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    611. 

  611. <p><span class="font5">L 1 án</span></p></td></tr>
    612. 

  612. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    613. 

  613. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    614. 

  614. <p><span class="font5">Luò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    615. 

  615. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    616. 

  616. <p><span class="font5">LI áng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    617. 

  617. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    618. 

  618. <p><span class="font5">Lóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    619. 

  619. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    620. 

  620. <p><span class="font5">N I fe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    621. 

  621. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    622. 

  622. <p><span class="font5">Hé *</span></p></td></tr>
    623. 

  623. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    624. 

  624. <p><span class="font5">II.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    625. 

  625. <p><span class="font5">Huò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    626. 

  626. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    627. 

  627. <p><span class="font5">Yáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    628. 

  628. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    629. 

  629. <p><span class="font5">An</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    630. 

  630. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    631. 

  631. <p><span class="font5">Yfe</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    632. 

  632. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    633. 

  633. <p><span class="font5">N 1 án</span></p></td></tr>
    634. 

  634. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    635. 

  635. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    636. 

  636. <p><span class="font5">Wò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    637. 

  637. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    638. 

  638. <p><span class="font5">È</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    639. 

  639. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    640. 

  640. <p><span class="font5">Luò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    641. 

  641. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    642. 

  642. <p><span class="font5">L 1 án</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    643. 

  643. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    644. 

  644. <p><span class="font5">Life</span></p></td></tr>
    645. 

  645. </table>
    646. 

  646. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 6</span></p>
    647. 

  647. <table border="1">
    648. 

  648. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    649. 

  649. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    650. 

  650. <p><span class="font5">Fffng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    651. 

  651. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    652. 

  652. <p><span class="font5">Lfiu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    653. 

  653. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    654. 

  654. <p><span class="font5">Huáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    655. 

  655. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    656. 

  656. <p><span class="font5">Máo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    657. 

  657. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    658. 

  658. <p><span class="font5">YT</span></p></td></tr>
    659. 

  659. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    660. 

  660. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    661. 

  661. <p><span class="font5">Wfel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    662. 

  662. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    663. 

  663. <p><span class="font5">M t ào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    664. 

  664. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    665. 

  665. <p><span class="font5">Luò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    666. 

  666. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    667. 

  667. <p><span class="font5">Lá 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    668. 

  668. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    669. 

  669. <p><span class="font5">Wú</span></p></td></tr>
    670. 

  670. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    671. 

  671. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    672. 

  672. <p><span class="font5">Hóng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    673. 

  673. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    674. 

  674. <p><span class="font5">L 1 áng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    675. 

  675. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    676. 

  676. <p><span class="font5">Luán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    677. 

  677. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    678. 

  678. <p><span class="font5">Wò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    679. 

  679. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    680. 

  680. <p><span class="font5">Yán</span></p></td></tr>
    681. 

  681. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    682. 

  682. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    683. 

  683. <p><span class="font5">Yáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    684. 

  684. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    685. 

  685. <p><span class="font5">L I án</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    686. 

  686. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    687. 

  687. <p><span class="font5">Life</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    688. 

  688. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    689. 

  689. <p><span class="font5">Hé</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    690. 

  690. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    691. 

  691. <p><span class="font5">Yfe</span></p></td></tr>
    692. 

  692. </table>
    693. 

  693. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 7</span></p>
    694. 

  694. <table border="1">
    695. 

  695. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    696. 

  696. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p>
    697. 

  697. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    698. 

  698. <p><span class="font5"><sup>F</sup>____<sup>n</sup>9</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    699. 

  699. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p>
    700. 

  700. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    701. 

  701. <p><span class="font5">M______</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    702. 

  702. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    703. 

  703. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td></tr>
    704. 

  704. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    705. 

  705. <p><span class="font5">7 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    706. 

  706. <p><span class="font5">%</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    707. 

  707. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    708. 

  708. <p><span class="font5">L</span></p></td></tr>
    709. 

  709. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    710. 

  710. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    711. 

  711. <p><span class="font5">__n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    712. 

  712. <p><span class="font5">IO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    713. 

  713. <p><span class="font5">ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    714. 

  714. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    715. 

  715. <p><span class="font5">L &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    716. 

  716. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    717. 

  717. <p><span class="font5">H___ng</span></p></td></tr>
    718. 

  718. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    719. 

  719. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    720. 

  720. <p><span class="font5">L ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    721. 

  721. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    722. 

  722. <p><span class="font0">Si</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    723. 

  723. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    724. 

  724. <p><span class="font5">L</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    725. 

  725. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    726. 

  726. <p><span class="font5">L</span></p></td></tr>
    727. 

  727. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    728. 

  728. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    729. 

  729. <p><span class="font5">H </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">, _</span><span class="font5">ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    730. 

  730. <p><span class="font5">IS.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    731. 

  731. <p><span class="font5">L________</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    732. 

  732. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    733. 

  733. <p><span class="font5">_____n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    734. 

  734. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    735. 

  735. <p><span class="font5">L_______</span></p></td></tr>
    736. 

  736. </table>
    737. 

  737. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 3 WORKBOOK (CONSONANTS AND VOWELS II)</span></p>
    738. 

  738. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise I</span></p>
    739. 

  739. <table border="1">
    740. 

  740. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    741. 

  741. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    742. 

  742. <p><span class="font8">Ā___</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    743. 

  743. <p><span class="font5">2 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    744. 

  744. <p><span class="font5">Fá___</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    745. 

  745. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    746. 

  746. <p><span class="font5">Fá___</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    747. 

  747. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    748. 

  748. <p><span class="font5">Nó___</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    749. 

  749. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    750. 

  750. <p><span class="font8" style="font-variant:small-caps;">mS_</span></p></td></tr>
    751. 

  751. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    752. 

  752. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    753. 

  753. <p><span class="font5">W3___</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    754. 

  754. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    755. 

  755. <p><span class="font5">Yl___</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    756. 

  756. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    757. 

  757. <p><span class="font5">Llá___</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    758. 

  758. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    759. 

  759. <p><span class="font5">MT___</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    760. 

  760. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    761. 

  761. <p><span class="font5">Llá</span></p></td></tr>
    762. 

  762. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    763. 

  763. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    764. 

  764. <p><span class="font5">W5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    765. 

  765. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    766. 

  766. <p><span class="font5">Huá</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    767. 

  767. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    768. 

  768. <p><span class="font5">Yì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    769. 

  769. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    770. 

  770. <p><span class="font5">Ná</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    771. 

  771. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    772. 

  772. <p><span class="font5">Huá</span></p></td></tr>
    773. 

  773. </table>
    774. 

  774. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY I: STOPS</span></p>
    775. 

  775. <table border="1">
    776. 

  776. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    777. 

  777. <p><span class="font5">Unasp 1 rated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    778. 

  778. <p><span class="font5">Asp I rated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    779. 

  779. <p><span class="font5">Or ì entatI on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    780. 

  780. <p><span class="font5">Mode Ie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    781. 

  781. <p><span class="font5">Examp 1es</span></p></td></tr>
    782. 

  782. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    783. 

  783. <p><span class="font5">BSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    784. 

  784. <p><span class="font5">P3n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    785. 

  785. <p><span class="font5">BSoIán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    786. 

  786. <p><span class="font5">TàIg_íng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    787. 

  787. <p><span class="font5">Yáng<a name="footnote1"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark35">1</a></sup></span></p></td></tr>
    788. 

  788. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    789. 

  789. <p><span class="font5">DO ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    790. 

  790. <p><span class="font5">Tōng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    791. 

  791. <p><span class="font5">Dan 1án</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    792. 

  792. <p><span class="font5">t3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    793. 

  793. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    794. 

  794. <p><span class="font5">63</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    795. 

  795. <p><span class="font5">K5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    796. 

  796. <p><span class="font5">MS ?2_u6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    797. 

  797. <p><span class="font5">KUnni f ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    798. 

  798. <p><span class="font5">-</span></p></td></tr>
    799. 

  799. </table>
    800. 

  800. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 2</span></p>
    801. 

  801. <table border="1">
    802. 

  802. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    803. 

  803. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    804. 

  804. <p><span class="font5">___Sn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    805. 

  805. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    806. 

  806. <p><span class="font5">___Sn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    807. 

  807. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    808. 

  808. <p><span class="font5">__Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    809. 

  809. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    810. 

  810. <p><span class="font5">__ōng</span></p></td></tr>
    811. 

  811. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    812. 

  812. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    813. 

  813. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    814. 

  814. <p><span class="font5">5ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    815. 

  815. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    816. 

  816. <p><span class="font5">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    817. 

  817. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    818. 

  818. <p><span class="font5">3n</span></p></td></tr>
    819. 

  819. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    820. 

  820. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    821. 

  821. <p><span class="font5">_5ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    822. 

  822. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    823. 

  823. <p><span class="font5">S</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    824. 

  824. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    825. 

  825. <p><span class="font5">___3n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    826. 

  826. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    827. 

  827. <p><span class="font5">___3</span></p></td></tr>
    828. 

  828. </table>
    829. 

  829. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ExercIse 3</span></p>
    830. 

  830. <table border="1">
    831. 

  831. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    832. 

  832. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    833. 

  833. <p><span class="font5">Be I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    834. 

  834. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    835. 

  835. <p><span class="font5">Gōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    836. 

  836. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    837. 

  837. <p><span class="font5">Tú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    838. 

  838. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    839. 

  839. <p><span class="font5">Péng</span></p></td></tr>
    840. 

  840. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    841. 

  841. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    842. 

  842. <p><span class="font5">Kòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    843. 

  843. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    844. 

  844. <p><span class="font5">DTng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    845. 

  845. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    846. 

  846. <p><span class="font5">Plan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    847. 

  847. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    848. 

  848. <p><span class="font5">Táo</span></p></td></tr>
    849. 

  849. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    850. 

  850. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">9,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    851. 

  851. <p><span class="font5">Kāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    852. 

  852. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    853. 

  853. <p><span class="font5">Dal</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    854. 

  854. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    855. 

  855. <p><span class="font5">B I é</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    856. 

  856. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    857. 

  857. <p><span class="font5">Guó</span></p></td></tr>
    858. 

  858. </table>
    859. 

  859. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY it: AFFRICATES</span></p>
    860. 

  860. <table border="1">
    861. 

  861. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    862. 

  862. <p><span class="font5">Unasp I rated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    863. 

  863. <p><span class="font5">Asp 1 rated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    864. 

  864. <p><span class="font5">Orientation Module Examples</span></p></td></tr>
    865. 

  865. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    866. 

  866. <p><span class="font5">Retrof1 ex</span></p>
    867. 

  867. <p><span class="font5">Palatal</span></p>
    868. 

  868. <p><span class="font5">Denta1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    869. 

  869. <p><span class="font5">ZhSng</span></p>
    870. 

  870. <p><span class="font5">J I Sng</span></p>
    871. 

  871. <p><span class="font5">Zāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    872. 

  872. <p><span class="font5">ChSng QJ áng C5ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    873. 

  873. <p><span class="font5">tóngzhl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ChéngdE<a name="footnote2"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark36">2</a></sup></span></p>
    874. 

  874. <p><span class="font5">JJàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;gT</span></p>
    875. 

  875. <p><span class="font5">záo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cīngzhōu<sup><a href="#bookmark36">2</a></sup></span></p></td></tr>
    876. 

  876. </table>
    877. 

  877. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY III: /r/ AND THE RETROFLEX POSITION</span></p>
    878. 

  878. <table border="1">
    879. 

  879. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    880. 

  880. <p><span class="font5">Orientation Module Example</span></p></td></tr>
    881. 

  881. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    882. 

  882. <p><span class="font5">Rú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    883. 

  883. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Zh</span><span class="font5">ú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    884. 

  884. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ch</span><span class="font5"> ú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    885. 

  885. <p><span class="font5">rén &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tóngzhl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ChéngdCT<sup><a href="#bookmark36">2</a></sup></span></p></td></tr>
    886. 

  886. </table>
    887. 

  887. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY IV: THE PALATAL POSITION</span></p>
    888. 

  888. <table border="1">
    889. 

  889. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    890. 

  890. <p><span class="font5">YT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    891. 

  891. <p><span class="font5">JT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    892. 

  892. <p><span class="font5">QT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    893. 

  893. <p><span class="font5">Numbers Resource Module Examples </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yT</span><span class="font5"> (one) </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">j I</span><span class="font5"> ǔ (nine) </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qt</span><span class="font5"> (seven)</span></p></td></tr>
    894. 

  894. </table>
    895. 

  895. <table border="1">
    896. 

  896. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    897. 

  897. <p><span class="font5">Exerc i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    898. 

  898. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">se 4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    899. 

  899. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    900. 

  900. <p><span class="font5">Retrof1 ex</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    901. 

  901. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pal ata 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    902. 

  902. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Retrof1 ex &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pa i ata 1</span></p></td></tr>
    903. 

  903. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    904. 

  904. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    905. 

  905. <p><span class="font5">ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    906. 

  906. <p><span class="font5">J ī ang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    907. 

  907. <p><span class="font5">7, Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    908. 

  908. <p><span class="font5">J i Bng</span></p></td></tr>
    909. 

  909. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    910. 

  910. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    911. 

  911. <p><span class="font5">Z lying</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    912. 

  912. <p><span class="font5">J i 3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    913. 

  913. <p><span class="font5">3. Zhíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    914. 

  914. <p><span class="font5">J I Sng</span></p></td></tr>
    915. 

  915. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    916. 

  916. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    917. 

  917. <p><span class="font5">ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    918. 

  918. <p><span class="font5">.J i a n g</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    919. 

  919. <p><span class="font5">9. Z'hāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    920. 

  920. <p><span class="font5">J i 3ng</span></p></td></tr>
    921. 

  921. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    922. 

  922. <p><span class="font5">4,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    923. 

  923. <p><span class="font5">Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    924. 

  924. <p><span class="font5">Jiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    925. 

  925. <p><span class="font5">10. Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    926. 

  926. <p><span class="font5">Ji3ng</span></p></td></tr>
    927. 

  927. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    928. 

  928. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    929. 

  929. <p><span class="font5">Zh3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    930. 

  930. <p><span class="font5">J í 3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    931. 

  931. <p><span class="font5">11« Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    932. 

  932. <p><span class="font5">J i ang</span></p></td></tr>
    933. 

  933. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    934. 

  934. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    935. 

  935. <p><span class="font5">ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    936. 

  936. <p><span class="font5">J ì ang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    937. 

  937. <p><span class="font5">fZ. Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    938. 

  938. <p><span class="font5">J 1 3ng</span></p></td></tr>
    939. 

  939. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    940. 

  940. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    941. 

  941. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    942. 

  942. <p><span class="font5">í .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    943. 

  943. <p><span class="font5">Zh3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    944. 

  944. <p><span class="font5">2, Jiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    945. 

  945. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    946. 

  946. <p><span class="font5">Q</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    947. 

  947. <p><span class="font5">iáng 4. ChBng </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">5.</span><span class="font5"> JT</span></p></td></tr>
    948. 

  948. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    949. 

  949. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    950. 

  950. <p><span class="font5">QT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    951. 

  951. <p><span class="font5">7. Rú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    952. 

  952. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    953. 

  953. <p><span class="font5">Zh£í &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. Chu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    954. 

  954. <p><span class="font5">10. Zhào</span></p></td></tr>
    955. 

  955. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    956. 

  956. <p><span class="font5">i ! .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    957. 

  957. <p><span class="font5">Qíán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    958. 

  958. <p><span class="font5">12. Ren</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    959. 

  959. <p><span class="font5">13,</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    960. 

  960. <p><span class="font5">Chén 14, Jía</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    961. 

  961. <p><span class="font5">15* R6ng</span></p></td></tr>
    962. 

  962. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    963. 

  963. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise □</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    964. 

  964. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    965. 

  965. <p><span class="font5">Retraf1 ex</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    966. 

  966. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pa 1 ata 1</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    967. 

  967. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">De n t a j_</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    968. 

  968. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Retref 1 ex</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    969. 

  969. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pa I ata i Penta 1</span></p></td></tr>
    970. 

  970. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    971. 

  971. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    972. 

  972. <p><span class="font5">Zh3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    973. 

  973. <p><span class="font5">J 1 Sng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    974. 

  974. <p><span class="font5">Zang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    975. 

  975. <p><span class="font5">7, Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    976. 

  976. <p><span class="font5">JÌSng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zāng</span></p></td></tr>
    977. 

  977. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    978. 

  978. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    979. 

  979. <p><span class="font5">Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    980. 

  980. <p><span class="font5">J J Sng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    981. 

  981. <p><span class="font5">Zing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    982. 

  982. <p><span class="font5">8. Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    983. 

  983. <p><span class="font5">Jiang zang</span></p></td></tr>
    984. 

  984. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    985. 

  985. <p><span class="font5">3,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    986. 

  986. <p><span class="font5">ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    987. 

  987. <p><span class="font5">J 1 3ng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    988. 

  988. <p><span class="font5">Zang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    989. 

  989. <p><span class="font5">9, ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    990. 

  990. <p><span class="font5">Jiang &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Zāng</span></p></td></tr>
    991. 

  991. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    992. 

  992. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    993. 

  993. <p><span class="font5">Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    994. 

  994. <p><span class="font5">J i3ng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    995. 

  995. <p><span class="font5">Zang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    996. 

  996. <p><span class="font5">10. ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    997. 

  997. <p><span class="font5">J ISng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ZSng</span></p></td></tr>
    998. 

  998. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    999. 

  999. <p><span class="font5">j.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1000. 

  1000. <p><span class="font5">ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1001. 

  1001. <p><span class="font5">J īang</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1002. 

  1002. <p><span class="font5">Zang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1003. 

  1003. <p><span class="font5">I 1 . ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1004. 

  1004. <p><span class="font5">J 13ng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ZBng</span></p></td></tr>
    1005. 

  1005. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1006. 

  1006. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1007. 

  1007. <p><span class="font5">Zhang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1008. 

  1008. <p><span class="font5">J I Sng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1009. 

  1009. <p><span class="font5">ZSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1010. 

  1010. <p><span class="font5">12. ZhSng ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1011. 

  1011. <p><span class="font5">J 1Sng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Z3ng</span></p></td></tr>
    1012. 

  1012. </table>
    1013. 

  1013. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 7</span></p>
    1014. 

  1014. <table border="1">
    1015. 

  1015. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1016. 

  1016. <p><span class="font5">1 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1017. 

  1017. <p><span class="font5">ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1018. 

  1018. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1019. 

  1019. <p><span class="font5">J ì 3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1020. 

  1020. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1021. 

  1021. <p><span class="font5">ZSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1022. 

  1022. <p><span class="font5">4,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1023. 

  1023. <p><span class="font5">Chāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1024. 

  1024. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1025. 

  1025. <p><span class="font5">Q 1 éng</span></p></td></tr>
    1026. 

  1026. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1027. 

  1027. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1028. 

  1028. <p><span class="font5">Gang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1029. 

  1029. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1030. 

  1030. <p><span class="font5">ZCu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1031. 

  1031. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1032. 

  1032. <p><span class="font5">Cáo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1033. 

  1033. <p><span class="font5">9,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1034. 

  1034. <p><span class="font5">Chén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1035. 

  1035. <p><span class="font5">10,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1036. 

  1036. <p><span class="font5">Zhào</span></p></td></tr>
    1037. 

  1037. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1038. 

  1038. <p><span class="font5">1 1 *</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1039. 

  1039. <p><span class="font5">Qian</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1040. 

  1040. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1041. 

  1041. <p><span class="font5">JTn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1042. 

  1042. <p><span class="font5">13,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1043. 

  1043. <p><span class="font5">Rén</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1044. 

  1044. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1045. 

  1045. <p><span class="font5">QT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1046. 

  1046. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1047. 

  1047. <p><span class="font5">Ch ū</span></p></td></tr>
    1048. 

  1048. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1049. 

  1049. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1050. 

  1050. <p><span class="font5">Zhú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1051. 

  1051. <p><span class="font5">i 7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1052. 

  1052. <p><span class="font5">Rú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1053. 

  1053. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1054. 

  1054. <p><span class="font5">JT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1055. 

  1055. <p><span class="font5">19,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1056. 

  1056. <p><span class="font5">CM</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1057. 

  1057. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1058. 

  1058. <p><span class="font5">Ze 1</span></p></td></tr>
    1059. 

  1059. </table>
    1060. 

  1060. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 8</span></p>
    1061. 

  1061. <table border="1">
    1062. 

  1062. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1063. 

  1063. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1064. 

  1064. <p><span class="font5">___5ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1065. 

  1065. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1066. 

  1066. <p><span class="font5">___Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1067. 

  1067. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1068. 

  1068. <p><span class="font5">__1 Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1069. 

  1069. <p><span class="font5">4 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1070. 

  1070. <p><span class="font5">__’áng</span></p></td></tr>
    1071. 

  1071. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1072. 

  1072. <p><span class="font5">5 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1073. 

  1073. <p><span class="font5">___5ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1074. 

  1074. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1075. 

  1075. <p><span class="font5">___5rg</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1076. 

  1076. <p><span class="font5">7 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1077. 

  1077. <p><span class="font5">__________ú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1078. 

  1078. <p><span class="font5">a.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1079. 

  1079. <p><span class="font5"><sub>_</sub>___áo</span></p></td></tr>
    1080. 

  1080. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1081. 

  1081. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1082. 

  1082. <p><span class="font5">TSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1083. 

  1083. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1084. 

  1084. <p><span class="font5">_én</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1085. 

  1085. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1086. 

  1086. <p><span class="font5">ú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1087. 

  1087. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1088. 

  1088. <p><span class="font5">ǎi</span></p></td></tr>
    1089. 

  1089. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1090. 

  1090. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1091. 

  1091. <p><span class="font5">_T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1092. 

  1092. <p><span class="font5">!4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1093. 

  1093. <p><span class="font5">_én</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1094. 

  1094. <p><span class="font5">15,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1095. 

  1095. <p><span class="font5">àl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1096. 

  1096. <p><span class="font5">16,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1097. 

  1097. <p><span class="font5">_ào</span></p></td></tr>
    1098. 

  1098. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1099. 

  1099. <p><span class="font5">17,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1100. 

  1100. <p><span class="font5">Tn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1101. 

  1101. <p><span class="font5">18,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1102. 

  1102. <p><span class="font5">________□</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1103. 

  1103. <p><span class="font5">19,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1104. 

  1104. <p><span class="font5">_____5u</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1105. 

  1105. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1106. 

  1106. <p><span class="font5">_______T</span></p></td></tr>
    1107. 

  1107. </table>
    1108. 

  1108. <p><a name="bookmark37"></a><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 4 WORKBOOK (CONSONANTS AND VOWELS lit)</span></p>
    1109. 

  1109. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY I: AFFRICATES AND FRICATIVES</span></p>
    1110. 

  1110. <table border="1">
    1111. 

  1111. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1112. 

  1112. <p><span class="font5">AtfrI cates</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1113. 

  1113. <p><span class="font5">Fricatives</span></p></td></tr>
    1114. 

  1114. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1115. 

  1115. <p><span class="font5">Retrof1 ex</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1116. 

  1116. <p><span class="font5">Zji3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1117. 

  1117. <p><span class="font5">ChSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1118. 

  1118. <p><span class="font5">ShSng</span></p></td></tr>
    1119. 

  1119. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1120. 

  1120. <p><span class="font5">Pa 1 ata 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1121. 

  1121. <p><span class="font5">J I Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1122. 

  1122. <p><span class="font5">2J Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1123. 

  1123. <p><span class="font5">XI Sng</span></p></td></tr>
    1124. 

  1124. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1125. 

  1125. <p><span class="font5">Denta1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1126. 

  1126. <p><span class="font5">£Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1127. 

  1127. <p><span class="font5">Cāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1128. 

  1128. <p><span class="font5">S3 ng</span></p></td></tr>
    1129. 

  1129. </table>
    1130. 

  1130. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise í</span><span class="font5">: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ShSng</span><span class="font5"> vē. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">X ISng</span></p>
    1131. 

  1131. <table border="1">
    1132. 

  1132. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    1133. 

  1133. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Retrof1 ex</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1134. 

  1134. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pa 1 ata 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1135. 

  1135. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">RetrofI ex</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1136. 

  1136. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Fa 1 ata 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1137. 

  1137. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1138. 

  1138. <p><span class="font5">í.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1139. 

  1139. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1140. 

  1140. <p><span class="font5">XI Ing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1141. 

  1141. <p><span class="font5">e.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1142. 

  1142. <p><span class="font5">Shíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1143. 

  1143. <p><span class="font5">Xiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1144. 

  1144. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1145. 

  1145. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1146. 

  1146. <p><span class="font5">ShSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1147. 

  1147. <p><span class="font5">Xling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1148. 

  1148. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1149. 

  1149. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1150. 

  1150. <p><span class="font5">Xllng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1151. 

  1151. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1152. 

  1152. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1153. 

  1153. <p><span class="font5">ShSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1154. 

  1154. <p><span class="font5">Xling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1155. 

  1155. <p><span class="font11">a.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1156. 

  1156. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1157. 

  1157. <p><span class="font5">XI Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1158. 

  1158. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1159. 

  1159. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1160. 

  1160. <p><span class="font5">S filing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1161. 

  1161. <p><span class="font5">XI Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1162. 

  1162. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1163. 

  1163. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1164. 

  1164. <p><span class="font5">XÍBng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1165. 

  1165. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1166. 

  1166. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1167. 

  1167. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1168. 

  1168. <p><span class="font5">XI Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1169. 

  1169. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1170. 

  1170. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1171. 

  1171. <p><span class="font5">Xling</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1172. 

  1172. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1173. 

  1173. <p><span class="font5">ExercI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1174. 

  1174. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">se </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">2</span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">;</span></p></td><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1175. 

  1175. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ìhSng</span><span class="font5"> vs, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">XISng</span><span class="font5"> vs.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1176. 

  1176. <p><span class="font5">Sing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1177. 

  1177. <p><span class="font5">*</span></p></td></tr>
    1178. 

  1178. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1179. 

  1179. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ratrof J bx</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1180. 

  1180. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pa I ata I</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1181. 

  1181. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Penta L</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1182. 

  1182. <p><span class="font5">RetrofI ex</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1183. 

  1183. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Pa 1 ata 1 Penta 1</span></p></td></tr>
    1184. 

  1184. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1185. 

  1185. <p><span class="font5">i .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1186. 

  1186. <p><span class="font5">Sh3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1187. 

  1187. <p><span class="font5">Xling</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1188. 

  1188. <p><span class="font5">Sing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1189. 

  1189. <p><span class="font5">e.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1190. 

  1190. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1191. 

  1191. <p><span class="font5">Xiang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1192. 

  1192. <p><span class="font5">S3ng</span></p></td></tr>
    1193. 

  1193. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1194. 

  1194. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1195. 

  1195. <p><span class="font5">Ēhíng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1196. 

  1196. <p><span class="font5">Xling</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1197. 

  1197. <p><span class="font5">S3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1198. 

  1198. <p><span class="font24" style="font-style:italic;">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1199. 

  1199. <p><span class="font5">ShSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1200. 

  1200. <p><span class="font5">XI Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1201. 

  1201. <p><span class="font5">Sing</span></p></td></tr>
    1202. 

  1202. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1203. 

  1203. <p><span class="font5">3,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1204. 

  1204. <p><span class="font5">S h in g</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1205. 

  1205. <p><span class="font5">XI ing</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1206. 

  1206. <p><span class="font5">Sing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1207. 

  1207. <p><span class="font5">8,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1208. 

  1208. <p><span class="font5">ShSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1209. 

  1209. <p><span class="font5">XI Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1210. 

  1210. <p><span class="font5">Sing</span></p></td></tr>
    1211. 

  1211. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1212. 

  1212. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1213. 

  1213. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1214. 

  1214. <p><span class="font5">XI Sng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1215. 

  1215. <p><span class="font5">Sing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1216. 

  1216. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1217. 

  1217. <p><span class="font5">ShSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1218. 

  1218. <p><span class="font5">XlSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1219. 

  1219. <p><span class="font5">Sing</span></p></td></tr>
    1220. 

  1220. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1221. 

  1221. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1222. 

  1222. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1223. 

  1223. <p><span class="font5">XI Sng</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1224. 

  1224. <p><span class="font5">Sāng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1225. 

  1225. <p><span class="font5"><sup>í0</sup>-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1226. 

  1226. <p><span class="font5">ShSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1227. 

  1227. <p><span class="font5">Xīing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1228. 

  1228. <p><span class="font5">Sāng</span></p></td></tr>
    1229. 

  1229. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1230. 

  1230. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1231. 

  1231. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1232. 

  1232. <p><span class="font5">1 *</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1233. 

  1233. <p><span class="font5">Shing</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1234. 

  1234. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1235. 

  1235. <p><span class="font5">Xlāng 3.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1236. 

  1236. <p><span class="font5">S3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1237. 

  1237. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1238. 

  1238. <p><span class="font5">SO &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1239. 

  1239. <p><span class="font5">Shd &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1240. 

  1240. <p><span class="font5">XTn</span></p></td></tr>
    1241. 

  1241. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1242. 

  1242. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1243. 

  1243. <p><span class="font5">Shào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1244. 

  1244. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1245. 

  1245. <p><span class="font5">Xlāo 9,</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1246. 

  1246. <p><span class="font5">Sòng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1247. 

  1247. <p><span class="font5">ÍO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1248. 

  1248. <p><span class="font5">Xi à IL</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1249. 

  1249. <p><span class="font5">Su3 12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1250. 

  1250. <p><span class="font5">Shen</span></p></td></tr>
    1251. 

  1251. </table>
    1252. 

  1252. <p><span class="font5">Pi</span></p>
    1253. 

  1253. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exerclse 4</span></p>
    1254. 

  1254. <p><span class="font5">I. Zhao &nbsp;&nbsp;2. XI3o &nbsp;&nbsp;3. Cáo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. Shào &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. Qiáo &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. JiSo</span></p>
    1255. 

  1255. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    1256. 

  1256. <p><span class="font5">7. Cháo &nbsp;&nbsp;3. Suǒ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. Zuò &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. Càl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;II. ShQ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12, XTn</span></p></li>
    1257. 

  1257. <li>
    1258. 

  1258. <p><span class="font5">13. ZSng &nbsp;14. Chú &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15. JTn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16. Song &nbsp;&nbsp;17, Zh3u &nbsp;&nbsp;IB. Qfn</span></p></li></ul>
    1259. 

  1259. <h4><a name="bookmark38"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark39"></a>DISPLAY II: FRICATIVES</span></h4>
    1260. 

  1260. <p><span class="font5">ShT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ST</span></p>
    1261. 

  1261. <table border="1">
    1262. 

  1262. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    1263. 

  1263. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exerclse 5</span><span class="font5">:</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1264. 

  1264. <p><span class="font5">XT vs. ST vs. ShT</span></p></td></tr>
    1265. 

  1265. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1266. 

  1266. <p><span class="font5">——— - —</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1267. 

  1267. <p><span class="font5">—.—--</span></p></td></tr>
    1268. 

  1268. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1269. 

  1269. <p><span class="font5">1 . ShT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1270. 

  1270. <p><span class="font5">2. XT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1271. 

  1271. <p><span class="font5">3. ST &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. XT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. ST &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. ShT</span></p></td></tr>
    1272. 

  1272. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1273. 

  1273. <p><span class="font5">7. ST</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1274. 

  1274. <p><span class="font5">3. ShT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1275. 

  1275. <p><span class="font5">9. XT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. ST &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11. XT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12. ShT</span></p></td></tr>
    1276. 

  1276. </table>
    1277. 

  1277. <h4><a name="bookmark40"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark41"></a>DISPLAY III</span></h4>
    1278. 

  1278. <p><span class="font5">Rì běn</span></p>
    1279. 

  1279. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 6</span></p>
    1280. 

  1280. <table border="1">
    1281. 

  1281. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1282. 

  1282. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1283. 

  1283. <p><span class="font5">ShT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1284. 

  1284. <p><span class="font5">2. ChT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1285. 

  1285. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1286. 

  1286. <p><span class="font5">ZhT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1287. 

  1287. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1288. 

  1288. <p><span class="font5">Rì<a name="footnote3"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark42">3</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1289. 

  1289. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1290. 

  1290. <p><span class="font5">XT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1291. 

  1291. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1292. 

  1292. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">or</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1293. 

  1293. <p><span class="font5">7. JT</span></p></td></tr>
    1294. 

  1294. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1295. 

  1295. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1296. 

  1296. <p><span class="font5">YT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1297. 

  1297. <p><span class="font5">9. LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1298. 

  1298. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1299. 

  1299. <p><span class="font5">ST</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1300. 

  1300. <p><span class="font5">I 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1301. 

  1301. <p><span class="font7">zT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1302. 

  1302. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1303. 

  1303. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">Cf<sup><a href="#bookmark42">3</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1304. 

  1304. <p><span class="font5">1 3,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1305. 

  1305. <p><span class="font5">QT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1306. 

  1306. <p><span class="font5">14. ChT</span></p></td></tr>
    1307. 

  1307. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1308. 

  1308. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1309. 

  1309. <p><span class="font5">ST</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1310. 

  1310. <p><span class="font5">16. Mi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1311. 

  1311. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1312. 

  1312. <p><span class="font5">ZhT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1313. 

  1313. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1314. 

  1314. <p><span class="font5">ZT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1315. 

  1315. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1316. 

  1316. <p><span class="font5">JT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1317. 

  1317. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1318. 

  1318. <p><span class="font6">Df</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1319. 

  1319. <p><span class="font5">21. Rì<sup><a href="#bookmark42">3</a></sup></span></p></td></tr>
    1320. 

  1320. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1321. 

  1321. <p><span class="font5">22.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1322. 

  1322. <p><span class="font5">Cf<sup><a href="#bookmark42">3</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1323. 

  1323. <p><span class="font5">23. XT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1324. 

  1324. <p><span class="font5">24.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1325. 

  1325. <p><span class="font5">ShT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1326. 

  1326. <p><span class="font5">25.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1327. 

  1327. <p><span class="font5">M í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1328. 

  1328. </table>
    1329. 

  1329. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 7</span></p>
    1330. 

  1330. <table border="1">
    1331. 

  1331. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1332. 

  1332. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1333. 

  1333. <p><span class="font5">_______T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1334. 

  1334. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1335. 

  1335. <p><span class="font5">________T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1336. 

  1336. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1337. 

  1337. <p><span class="font5">______T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1338. 

  1338. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1339. 

  1339. <p><span class="font5">___3ng</span></p></td></tr>
    1340. 

  1340. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1341. 

  1341. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1342. 

  1342. <p><span class="font5">____i 5 rig</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1343. 

  1343. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1344. 

  1344. <p><span class="font5">___Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1345. 

  1345. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1346. 

  1346. <p><span class="font5">___3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1347. 

  1347. <p><span class="font5">8,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1348. 

  1348. <p><span class="font5">___Sng</span></p></td></tr>
    1349. 

  1349. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1350. 

  1350. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1351. 

  1351. <p><span class="font5">_l Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1352. 

  1352. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1353. 

  1353. <p><span class="font5">__1 áng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1354. 

  1354. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1355. 

  1355. <p><span class="font5">___3ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1356. 

  1356. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1357. 

  1357. <p><span class="font5">___3ng</span></p></td></tr>
    1358. 

  1358. </table>
    1359. 

  1359. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 8</span></p>
    1360. 

  1360. <div>
    1361. 

  1361. <p><span class="font4">1 30</span></p>
    1362. 

  1362. <p><span class="font5">Pn</span></p>
    1363. 

  1363. <p><span class="font5">n</span></p>
    1364. 

  1364. </div><br clear="all">
    1365. 

  1365. <div>
    1366. 

  1366. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">I. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;________________</span></p>
    1367. 

  1367. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">4, c h ~</span></p>
    1368. 

  1368. <p><span class="font7">7. i j;_______</span></p>
    1369. 

  1369. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">10. z _______</span></p>
    1370. 

  1370. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">15. z J</span></p>
    1371. 

  1371. </div><br clear="all">
    1372. 

  1372. <div>
    1373. 

  1373. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">2, zh_2____</span></p>
    1374. 

  1374. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">5. ch ______</span></p>
    1375. 

  1375. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">8, ch 2</span></p>
    1376. 

  1376. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">11. ch 2__</span></p>
    1377. 

  1377. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">I 4 , y 2</span></p>
    1378. 

  1378. </div><br clear="all">
    1379. 

  1379. <div>
    1380. 

  1380. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">5- q_________</span></p>
    1381. 

  1381. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">6, th_2____</span></p>
    1382. 

  1382. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">9, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;______</span></p>
    1383. 

  1383. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">12. zh_2____</span></p>
    1384. 

  1384. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">15. z_________</span></p>
    1385. 

  1385. </div><br clear="all">
    1386. 

  1386. <div>
    1387. 

  1387. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">J T</span></p>
    1388. 

  1388. <p><span class="font5">ChT</span></p>
    1389. 

  1389. <p><span class="font7">Rì*</span></p>
    1390. 

  1390. </div><br clear="all">
    1391. 

  1391. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 5 WORKBOOK (CONSONANTS AND VOWELS IV)</span></p>
    1392. 

  1392. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY I</span></p>
    1393. 

  1393. <table border="1">
    1394. 

  1394. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1395. 

  1395. <p><span class="font5">Ēn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1396. 

  1396. <p><span class="font5">Wōn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1397. 

  1397. <p><span class="font5">Hūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1398. 

  1398. <p><span class="font5">HuSn</span></p></td></tr>
    1399. 

  1399. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1400. 

  1400. <p><span class="font5">Fè í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1401. 

  1401. <p><span class="font5">Wèf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1402. 

  1402. <p><span class="font5">Gul</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1403. 

  1403. <p><span class="font5">Guèl</span></p></td></tr>
    1404. 

  1404. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1405. 

  1405. <p><span class="font5">Hòu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1406. 

  1406. <p><span class="font5">You</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1407. 

  1407. <p><span class="font5">Llū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1408. 

  1408. <p><span class="font5">LIŌu</span></p></td></tr>
    1409. 

  1409. </table>
    1410. 

  1410. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY H</span></p>
    1411. 

  1411. <div>
    1412. 

  1412. <p><span class="font5">Yōu</span></p>
    1413. 

  1413. <p><span class="font5">L T ú</span></p>
    1414. 

  1414. </div><br clear="all">
    1415. 

  1415. <p><span class="font5">Yòu l r ìj</span></p>
    1416. 

  1416. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY III</span></p>
    1417. 

  1417. <table border="1">
    1418. 

  1418. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1419. 

  1419. <p><span class="font5">Wò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1420. 

  1420. <p><span class="font5">Luò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1421. 

  1421. <p><span class="font5">Mò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1422. 

  1422. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1423. 

  1423. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1424. 

  1424. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1425. 

  1425. <p><span class="font5">1 . W3n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1426. 

  1426. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1427. 

  1427. <p><span class="font5">Hūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1428. 

  1428. <p><span class="font5">3. Wèl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1429. 

  1429. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1430. 

  1430. <p><span class="font5">Gul</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1431. 

  1431. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1432. 

  1432. <p><span class="font5">YÒu</span></p></td></tr>
    1433. 

  1433. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1434. 

  1434. <p><span class="font5">6. L1Ǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1435. 

  1435. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1436. 

  1436. <p><span class="font5">Luò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1437. 

  1437. <p><span class="font5">3. Mò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1438. 

  1438. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1439. 

  1439. <p><span class="font5">Lún</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1440. 

  1440. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1441. 

  1441. <p><span class="font5">Nlú</span></p></td></tr>
    1442. 

  1442. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1443. 

  1443. <p><span class="font5">II. Rul</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1444. 

  1444. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1445. 

  1445. <p><span class="font5">Bó</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1446. 

  1446. <p><span class="font5">13. CuT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1447. 

  1447. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1448. 

  1448. <p><span class="font5">Chūn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1449. 

  1449. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1450. 

  1450. <p><span class="font5">QI ú</span></p></td></tr>
    1451. 

  1451. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1452. 

  1452. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1453. 

  1453. <p><span class="font5">%.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1454. 

  1454. <p><span class="font5">■%</span></p></td></tr>
    1455. 

  1455. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1456. 

  1456. <p><span class="font5">1 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1457. 

  1457. <p><span class="font5">n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1458. 

  1458. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1459. 

  1459. <p><span class="font5">n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1460. 

  1460. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1461. 

  1461. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1462. 

  1462. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1463. 

  1463. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1464. 

  1464. <p><span class="font5">*</span></p>
    1465. 

  1465. <p><span class="font5">1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1466. 

  1466. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1467. 

  1467. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1468. 

  1468. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1469. 

  1469. <p><span class="font5">9. 9____</span></p>
    1470. 

  1470. <p><span class="font5">13. ।</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1471. 

  1471. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1472. 

  1472. <p><span class="font5">_________</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">'</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1473. 

  1473. <p><span class="font5">n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1474. 

  1474. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1475. 

  1475. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1476. 

  1476. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1477. 

  1477. <p><span class="font5">___2_n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1478. 

  1478. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1479. 

  1479. <p><span class="font5">1_________________________</span></p></td></tr>
    1480. 

  1480. </table>
    1481. 

  1481. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY IV</span></p>
    1482. 

  1482. <table border="1">
    1483. 

  1483. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1484. 

  1484. <p><span class="font5">Li</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1485. 

  1485. <p><span class="font5">Lǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1486. 

  1486. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1487. 

  1487. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1488. 

  1488. <p><span class="font5">Exerc i se</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1489. 

  1489. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1490. 

  1490. <p><span class="font5">a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1491. 

  1491. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1492. 

  1492. <p><span class="font5">I .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1493. 

  1493. <p><span class="font5">LI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1494. 

  1494. <p><span class="font5">Lǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1495. 

  1495. <p><span class="font5">Lu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1496. 

  1496. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1497. 

  1497. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1498. 

  1498. <p><span class="font5">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1499. 

  1499. <p><span class="font5">Lǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1500. 

  1500. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td></tr>
    1501. 

  1501. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1502. 

  1502. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1503. 

  1503. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1504. 

  1504. <p><span class="font5">Lū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1505. 

  1505. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1506. 

  1506. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1507. 

  1507. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1508. 

  1508. <p><span class="font5">Lǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1509. 

  1509. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td></tr>
    1510. 

  1510. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1511. 

  1511. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1512. 

  1512. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1513. 

  1513. <p><span class="font5">Lǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1514. 

  1514. <p><span class="font5">V</span></p>
    1515. 

  1515. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1516. 

  1516. <p><span class="font5">0.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1517. 

  1517. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1518. 

  1518. <p><span class="font5">Lǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1519. 

  1519. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td></tr>
    1520. 

  1520. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1521. 

  1521. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1522. 

  1522. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1523. 

  1523. <p><span class="font5">LG</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1524. 

  1524. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1525. 

  1525. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1526. 

  1526. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1527. 

  1527. <p><span class="font5">Lǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1528. 

  1528. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td></tr>
    1529. 

  1529. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1530. 

  1530. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1531. 

  1531. <p><span class="font5">LI</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1532. 

  1532. <p><span class="font5">Lū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1533. 

  1533. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1534. 

  1534. <p><span class="font5">IO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1535. 

  1535. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1536. 

  1536. <p><span class="font5">LǓ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1537. 

  1537. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td></tr>
    1538. 

  1538. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1539. 

  1539. <p><span class="font5">Exercl se</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1540. 

  1540. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1541. 

  1541. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1542. 

  1542. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1543. 

  1543. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1544. 

  1544. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1545. 

  1545. <p><span class="font5">Lǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1546. 

  1546. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1547. 

  1547. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1548. 

  1548. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1549. 

  1549. <p><span class="font5">LǓ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1550. 

  1550. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1551. 

  1551. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td></tr>
    1552. 

  1552. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1553. 

  1553. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1554. 

  1554. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1555. 

  1555. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1556. 

  1556. <p><span class="font5">LÌJ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1557. 

  1557. <p><span class="font5">0.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1558. 

  1558. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1559. 

  1559. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1560. 

  1560. <p><span class="font5">LT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1561. 

  1561. <p><span class="font5">0.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1562. 

  1562. <p><span class="font5">LǓ</span></p></td></tr>
    1563. 

  1563. </table>
    1564. 

  1564. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY V</span></p>
    1565. 

  1565. <table border="1">
    1566. 

  1566. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1567. 

  1567. <p><span class="font5">YÚ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yuè &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;YUán &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;YUn</span></p></td></tr>
    1568. 

  1568. </table>
    1569. 

  1569. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY VI</span></p>
    1570. 

  1570. <table border="1">
    1571. 

  1571. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1572. 

  1572. <p><span class="font5">Yfe</span></p>
    1573. 

  1573. <p><span class="font5">Wán</span></p>
    1574. 

  1574. <p><span class="font5">Wén</span></p></td><td colspan="8" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1575. 

  1575. <p><span class="font11">m</span></p></td></tr>
    1576. 

  1576. <tr><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1577. 

  1577. <p><span class="font5">YUán</span></p>
    1578. 

  1578. <p><span class="font5">YÚn</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    1579. 

  1579. <p><span class="font5">Yán</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    1580. 

  1580. <p><span class="font5">YUán</span></p></td></tr>
    1581. 

  1581. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1582. 

  1582. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 5</span></p>
    1583. 

  1583. <p><span class="font5">1. Shǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1584. 

  1584. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1585. 

  1585. <p><span class="font5">Sǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1586. 

  1586. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1587. 

  1587. <p><span class="font5">xù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1588. 

  1588. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1589. 

  1589. <p><span class="font5">Wú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1590. 

  1590. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1591. 

  1591. <p><span class="font5">YÚ</span></p></td></tr>
    1592. 

  1592. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1593. 

  1593. <p><span class="font5">6. Zǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1594. 

  1594. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1595. 

  1595. <p><span class="font5">Zhú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1596. 

  1596. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1597. 

  1597. <p><span class="font5">JÚ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1598. 

  1598. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1599. 

  1599. <p><span class="font5">Chú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1600. 

  1600. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1601. 

  1601. <p><span class="font5">QÚ</span></p></td></tr>
    1602. 

  1602. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1603. 

  1603. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1604. 

  1604. <p><span class="font5">. Mìi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1605. 

  1605. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1606. 

  1606. <p><span class="font5">YÚ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1607. 

  1607. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1608. 

  1608. <p><span class="font5">Ju</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1609. 

  1609. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1610. 

  1610. <p><span class="font5">QÚ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1611. 

  1611. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1612. 

  1612. <p><span class="font5">XÚ</span></p></td></tr>
    1613. 

  1613. </table>
    1614. 

  1614. <div>
    1615. 

  1615. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 6</span></p>
    1616. 

  1616. </div><br clear="all">
    1617. 

  1617. <div>
    1618. 

  1618. <table border="1">
    1619. 

  1619. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1620. 

  1620. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1621. 

  1621. <p><span class="font5">Shu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1622. 

  1622. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1623. 

  1623. <p><span class="font5">Sù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1624. 

  1624. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1625. 

  1625. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">xù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1626. 

  1626. <p><span class="font5">4 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1627. 

  1627. <p><span class="font5">Xú'ān</span></p></td></tr>
    1628. 

  1628. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1629. 

  1629. <p><span class="font5">5 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1630. 

  1630. <p><span class="font5">Shuàng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1631. 

  1631. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1632. 

  1632. <p><span class="font5">ChUn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1633. 

  1633. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1634. 

  1634. <p><span class="font5">jUn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1635. 

  1635. <p><span class="font5">8 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1636. 

  1636. <p><span class="font5">Yliè</span></p></td></tr>
    1637. 

  1637. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1638. 

  1638. <p><span class="font5">9,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1639. 

  1639. <p><span class="font5">què</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1640. 

  1640. <p><span class="font5">IO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1641. 

  1641. <p><span class="font5">LU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1642. 

  1642. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1643. 

  1643. <p><span class="font5">Lú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1644. 

  1644. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1645. 

  1645. <p><span class="font5">YU</span></p></td></tr>
    1646. 

  1646. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1647. 

  1647. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1648. 

  1648. <p><span class="font5">JU</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1649. 

  1649. <p><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1650. 

  1650. <p><span class="font5">Yìlán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1651. 

  1651. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1652. 

  1652. <p><span class="font5">QUán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1653. 

  1653. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1654. 

  1654. <p><span class="font5">Yun</span></p></td></tr>
    1655. 

  1655. </table>
    1656. 

  1656. </div><br clear="all">
    1657. 

  1657. <div>
    1658. 

  1658. <h4><a name="bookmark43"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark44"></a>DISPLAY VII</span></h4>
    1659. 

  1659. </div><br clear="all">
    1660. 

  1660. <div>
    1661. 

  1661. <p><span class="font5">òr</span></p>
    1662. 

  1662. </div><br clear="all">
    1663. 

  1663. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 6 WORKBOOK (TONES IN COMBINATION)</span></p>
    1664. 

  1664. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-7.jpg" alt="" style="width:62pt;height:44pt;">
    1665. 

  1665. <p><span class="font5">f 51 le</span></p>
    1666. 

  1666. </div><br clear="all">
    1667. 

  1667. <div>
    1668. 

  1668. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY I: THE NEUTRAL TONE</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-8.jpg" alt="" style="width:184pt;height:71pt;">
    1669. 

  1669. </div><br clear="all">
    1670. 

  1670. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-9.jpg" alt="" style="width:48pt;height:70pt;">
    1671. 

  1671. </div><br clear="all">
    1672. 

  1672. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ExercIse I</span></p>
    1673. 

  1673. <table border="1">
    1674. 

  1674. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1675. 

  1675. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1676. 

  1676. <p><span class="font5">FSi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1677. 

  1677. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1678. 

  1678. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1679. 

  1679. <p><span class="font5">Fél</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1680. 

  1680. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1681. 

  1681. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1682. 

  1682. <p><span class="font5">Fěl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1683. 

  1683. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1684. 

  1684. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1685. 

  1685. <p><span class="font5">Ffel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1686. 

  1686. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td></tr>
    1687. 

  1687. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1688. 

  1688. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1689. 

  1689. <p><span class="font5">Fě 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1690. 

  1690. <p><span class="font5">I e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1691. 

  1691. <p><span class="font5">6,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1692. 

  1692. <p><span class="font5">Fél</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1693. 

  1693. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1694. 

  1694. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1695. 

  1695. <p><span class="font5">Ffel</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1696. 

  1696. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1697. 

  1697. <p><span class="font5">8,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1698. 

  1698. <p><span class="font5">F51</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1699. 

  1699. <p><span class="font5">le</span></p></td></tr>
    1700. 

  1700. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1701. 

  1701. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1702. 

  1702. <p><span class="font5">Fél</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1703. 

  1703. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1704. 

  1704. <p><span class="font5">10,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1705. 

  1705. <p><span class="font5">Fèl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1706. 

  1706. <p><span class="font5">1 a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1707. 

  1707. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1708. 

  1708. <p><span class="font5">FSÍ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1709. 

  1709. <p><span class="font5">I e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1710. 

  1710. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1711. 

  1711. <p><span class="font5">Fél</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1712. 

  1712. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td></tr>
    1713. 

  1713. </table>
    1714. 

  1714. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY II: THE HALF THIRD TONE</span></p>
    1715. 

  1715. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-10.jpg" alt="" style="width:96pt;height:43pt;">
    1716. 

  1716. <p><span class="font5">Té ì běI</span></p>
    1717. 

  1717. </div><br clear="all">
    1718. 

  1718. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-11.jpg" alt="" style="width:262pt;height:44pt;">
    1719. 

  1719. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">BělJ</span><span class="font5">Tng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">YSngp</span><span class="font5"> I ng </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">BSo</span><span class="font5">dlng</span></p>
    1720. 

  1720. </div><br clear="all">
    1721. 

  1721. <h4><a name="bookmark45"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark46"></a>DISPLAY III: THE RAISED THIRD TONE</span></h4>
    1722. 

  1722. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-12.jpg" alt="" style="width:99pt;height:46pt;">
    1723. 

  1723. </div><br clear="all">
    1724. 

  1724. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-13.jpg" alt="" style="width:99pt;height:46pt;">
    1725. 

  1725. </div><br clear="all">
    1726. 

  1726. <p><span class="font5">NánhSl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BělhSl</span></p>
    1727. 

  1727. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
    1728. 

  1728. <table border="1">
    1729. 

  1729. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1730. 

  1730. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1731. 

  1731. <p><span class="font5">Thibet</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1732. 

  1732. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1733. 

  1733. <p><span class="font5">Be i JTng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1734. 

  1734. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1735. 

  1735. <p><span class="font5">Yóngp íng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1736. 

  1736. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1737. 

  1737. <p><span class="font5">BelhSl</span></p></td></tr>
    1738. 

  1738. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1739. 

  1739. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1740. 

  1740. <p><span class="font5">Bāodlng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1741. 

  1741. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1742. 

  1742. <p><span class="font5">Be 1hǎ1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1743. 

  1743. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1744. 

  1744. <p><span class="font5">Be IJTng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1745. 

  1745. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1746. 

  1746. <p><span class="font5">Tálbèi</span></p></td></tr>
    1747. 

  1747. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1748. 

  1748. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1749. 

  1749. <p><span class="font5">Be Ihǎ1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1750. 

  1750. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1751. 

  1751. <p><span class="font5">BSodlng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1752. 

  1752. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1753. 

  1753. <p><span class="font5">YÓngping</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1754. 

  1754. <p><span class="font5">i2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1755. 

  1755. <p><span class="font5">Be i hǎI</span></p></td></tr>
    1756. 

  1756. </table>
    1757. 

  1757. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY IV: TWO-TONE SEQUENCES (1)</span></p>
    1758. 

  1758. <table border="1">
    1759. 

  1759. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1760. 

  1760. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1761. 

  1761. <p><span class="font5">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1762. 

  1762. <p><span class="font5">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1763. 

  1763. <p><span class="font5">4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1764. 

  1764. <p><span class="font5">0</span></p></td></tr>
    1765. 

  1765. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1766. 

  1766. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1767. 

  1767. <p><span class="font5">ShínxT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1768. 

  1768. <p><span class="font5">Ktfnmí ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1769. 

  1769. <p><span class="font5">XIBnggSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1770. 

  1770. <p><span class="font5">KSIhuà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1771. 

  1771. <p><span class="font5">FBI le</span></p></td></tr>
    1772. 

  1772. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1773. 

  1773. <p><span class="font5">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1774. 

  1774. <p><span class="font5">YSn'ín</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1775. 

  1775. <p><span class="font5">Y 0 n n á n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1776. 

  1776. <p><span class="font5">TálbSl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1777. 

  1777. <p><span class="font5">Luódlng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1778. 

  1778. <p><span class="font5">Féi le</span></p></td></tr>
    1779. 

  1779. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1780. 

  1780. <p><span class="font5">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1781. 

  1781. <p><span class="font5">BSlJTng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1782. 

  1782. <p><span class="font5">Yóngp f ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1783. 

  1783. <p><span class="font5">BSīhSl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1784. 

  1784. <p><span class="font5">Guíngxl n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1785. 

  1785. <p><span class="font5">Fèl le</span></p></td></tr>
    1786. 

  1786. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1787. 

  1787. <p><span class="font5">4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1788. 

  1788. <p><span class="font5">Si chuSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1789. 

  1789. <p><span class="font5">Rèhér*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1790. 

  1790. <p><span class="font5">ShànghS1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1791. 

  1791. <p><span class="font5">Fèngyì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1792. 

  1792. <p><span class="font5">Fàl le</span></p></td></tr>
    1793. 

  1793. </table>
    1794. 

  1794. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 3</span></p>
    1795. 

  1795. <table border="1">
    1796. 

  1796. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1797. 

  1797. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1798. 

  1798. <p><span class="font5">Shanx1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1799. 

  1799. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1800. 

  1800. <p><span class="font5">Feī le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1801. 

  1801. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1802. 

  1802. <p><span class="font5">Luod1 ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1803. 

  1803. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1804. 

  1804. <p><span class="font5">Be 1 ha I</span></p></td></tr>
    1805. 

  1805. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1806. 

  1806. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1807. 

  1807. <p><span class="font5">Reher</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1808. 

  1808. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1809. 

  1809. <p><span class="font5">Sichuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1810. 

  1810. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1811. 

  1811. <p><span class="font5">YongpI ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1812. 

  1812. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1813. 

  1813. <p><span class="font5">Tai be!</span></p></td></tr>
    1814. 

  1814. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1815. 

  1815. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1816. 

  1816. <p><span class="font5">Ka I hua</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1817. 

  1817. <p><span class="font5">to.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1818. 

  1818. <p><span class="font5">X1anggang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1819. 

  1819. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1820. 

  1820. <p><span class="font5">YUnnen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1821. 

  1821. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1822. 

  1822. <p><span class="font5">Bel J 1 ng</span></p></td></tr>
    1823. 

  1823. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1824. 

  1824. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1825. 

  1825. <p><span class="font5">Eel le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1826. 

  1826. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1827. 

  1827. <p><span class="font5">Shanghai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1828. 

  1828. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1829. 

  1829. <p><span class="font5">Guangx1n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1830. 

  1830. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1831. 

  1831. <p><span class="font5">Fel le</span></p></td></tr>
    1832. 

  1832. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1833. 

  1833. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1834. 

  1834. <p><span class="font5">ríunml ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1835. 

  1835. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1836. 

  1836. <p><span class="font5">Yan’an</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1837. 

  1837. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1838. 

  1838. <p><span class="font5">Fel le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1839. 

  1839. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1840. 

  1840. <p><span class="font5">Fengy1</span></p></td></tr>
    1841. 

  1841. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1842. 

  1842. <p><span class="font5">Exercise</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1843. 

  1843. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">i 4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1844. 

  1844. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1845. 

  1845. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1846. 

  1846. <p><span class="font5">ShBnxT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1847. 

  1847. <p><span class="font5">2,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1848. 

  1848. <p><span class="font5">X 1 JJnggSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1849. 

  1849. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1850. 

  1850. <p><span class="font5">YAn’Sn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1851. 

  1851. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1852. 

  1852. <p><span class="font5">Fél ie</span></p></td></tr>
    1853. 

  1853. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1854. 

  1854. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1855. 

  1855. <p><span class="font5">SichuSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1856. 

  1856. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1857. 

  1857. <p><span class="font5">Ktfnmf ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1858. 

  1858. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1859. 

  1859. <p><span class="font5">GuSngxln</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1860. 

  1860. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1861. 

  1861. <p><span class="font5">Fòngyl</span></p></td></tr>
    1862. 

  1862. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1863. 

  1863. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1864. 

  1864. <p><span class="font5">BólhSl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1865. 

  1865. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1866. 

  1866. <p><span class="font5">Fěl le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1867. 

  1867. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1868. 

  1868. <p><span class="font5">YSngp f ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1869. 

  1869. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1870. 

  1870. <p><span class="font5">ShànghS1</span></p></td></tr>
    1871. 

  1871. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1872. 

  1872. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1873. 

  1873. <p><span class="font5">FII le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1874. 

  1874. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1875. 

  1875. <p><span class="font5">YÚnnán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1876. 

  1876. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1877. 

  1877. <p><span class="font5">Télběl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1878. 

  1878. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1879. 

  1879. <p><span class="font5">Luódln</span></p></td></tr>
    1880. 

  1880. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1881. 

  1881. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1882. 

  1882. <p><span class="font5">K31hua</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1883. 

  1883. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1884. 

  1884. <p><span class="font5">Fèi le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1885. 

  1885. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1886. 

  1886. <p><span class="font5">Be IJTng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1887. 

  1887. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    1888. 

  1888. <p><span class="font5">Rèhér</span></p></td></tr>
    1889. 

  1889. </table>
    1890. 

  1890. <p><span class="font5">*ihis is the name of a former province.</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-14.jpg" alt="" style="width:47pt;height:26pt;">
    1891. 

  1891. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY V: TWO-TONE SEQUENCES (2)</span></p>
    1892. 

  1892. <table border="1">
    1893. 

  1893. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1894. 

  1894. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1895. 

  1895. <p><span class="font5">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1896. 

  1896. <p><span class="font5">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1897. 

  1897. <p><span class="font5">4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1898. 

  1898. <p><span class="font5">0</span></p></td></tr>
    1899. 

  1899. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1900. 

  1900. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1901. 

  1901. <p><span class="font5">CSngzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1902. 

  1902. <p><span class="font5">ZhTf ú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1903. 

  1903. <p><span class="font5">QTngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1904. 

  1904. <p><span class="font5">85yl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1905. 

  1905. <p><span class="font5">ESI le</span></p></td></tr>
    1906. 

  1906. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1907. 

  1907. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1908. 

  1908. <p><span class="font5">Zézhffu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1909. 

  1909. <p><span class="font5">J iésh f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1910. 

  1910. <p><span class="font5">Su I yUSn<a name="footnote4"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark47">4</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1911. 

  1911. <p><span class="font5">Méngzì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1912. 

  1912. <p><span class="font5">Fél 1 e</span></p></td></tr>
    1913. 

  1913. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1914. 

  1914. <p><span class="font5">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1915. 

  1915. <p><span class="font5">WìíchSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1916. 

  1916. <p><span class="font5">J 1ǔ16ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1917. 

  1917. <p><span class="font5">Pǔěr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1918. 

  1918. <p><span class="font5">L&amp;shùn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1919. 

  1919. <p><span class="font5">Fě 1 le</span></p></td></tr>
    1920. 

  1920. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1921. 

  1921. <p><span class="font5">4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1922. 

  1922. <p><span class="font5">Z h feJ 1Sng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1923. 

  1923. <p><span class="font5">YUè nán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1924. 

  1924. <p><span class="font5">R1 běn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1925. 

  1925. <p><span class="font5">Wànx1àn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1926. 

  1926. <p><span class="font5">Fě 1 1 a</span></p></td></tr>
    1927. 

  1927. </table>
    1928. 

  1928. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 5</span></p>
    1929. 

  1929. <table border="1">
    1930. 

  1930. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1931. 

  1931. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1932. 

  1932. <p><span class="font5">Feí le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1933. 

  1933. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1934. 

  1934. <p><span class="font5">YUenan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1935. 

  1935. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1936. 

  1936. <p><span class="font5">Lilshun</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1937. 

  1937. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    1938. 

  1938. <p><span class="font5">Wuchang</span></p></td></tr>
    1939. 

  1939. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1940. 

  1940. <p><span class="font5">5,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1941. 

  1941. <p><span class="font5">Su i yllan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1942. 

  1942. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1943. 

  1943. <p><span class="font5">Fel le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1944. 

  1944. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1945. 

  1945. <p><span class="font5">Zhl fu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1946. 

  1946. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1947. 

  1947. <p><span class="font5">Wanxlan</span></p></td></tr>
    1948. 

  1948. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1949. 

  1949. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1950. 

  1950. <p><span class="font5">ZhejIang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1951. 

  1951. <p><span class="font5">IO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1952. 

  1952. <p><span class="font5">Fuer</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1953. 

  1953. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1954. 

  1954. <p><span class="font5">Fel le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1955. 

  1955. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1956. 

  1956. <p><span class="font5">J 1esh1</span></p></td></tr>
    1957. 

  1957. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1958. 

  1958. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1959. 

  1959. <p><span class="font5">Bey 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1960. 

  1960. <p><span class="font5">14.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1961. 

  1961. <p><span class="font5">Cangzhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1962. 

  1962. <p><span class="font5">15,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1963. 

  1963. <p><span class="font5">Rl ben</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1964. 

  1964. <p><span class="font5">16.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1965. 

  1965. <p><span class="font5">Fel le</span></p></td></tr>
    1966. 

  1966. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1967. 

  1967. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1968. 

  1968. <p><span class="font5">J 1 u 1 ong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1969. 

  1969. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1970. 

  1970. <p><span class="font5">Mengz1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1971. 

  1971. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1972. 

  1972. <p><span class="font5">Zezhou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1973. 

  1973. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1974. 

  1974. <p><span class="font5">QIngdao</span></p></td></tr>
    1975. 

  1975. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1976. 

  1976. <p><span class="font5">Exerc1se</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1977. 

  1977. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">&gt; 6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    1978. 

  1978. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1979. 

  1979. <p><span class="font5">I .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1980. 

  1980. <p><span class="font5">Cffngzhōu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1981. 

  1981. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1982. 

  1982. <p><span class="font5">ZhèJ ISng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1983. 

  1983. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1984. 

  1984. <p><span class="font5">J 1 ǔ16ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1985. 

  1985. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1986. 

  1986. <p><span class="font5">Su Iytlín</span></p></td></tr>
    1987. 

  1987. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1988. 

  1988. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1989. 

  1989. <p><span class="font5">B5yl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1990. 

  1990. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1991. 

  1991. <p><span class="font5">Wànxlàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1992. 

  1992. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1993. 

  1993. <p><span class="font5">Fě I le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1994. 

  1994. <p><span class="font5">a.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1995. 

  1995. <p><span class="font5">ZézhCu</span></p></td></tr>
    1996. 

  1996. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1997. 

  1997. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1998. 

  1998. <p><span class="font5">ZhTfú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    1999. 

  1999. <p><span class="font5">IO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2000. 

  2000. <p><span class="font5">Yilènán</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2001. 

  2001. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2002. 

  2002. <p><span class="font5">Pǔǎr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2003. 

  2003. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2004. 

  2004. <p><span class="font5">Méngzì</span></p></td></tr>
    2005. 

  2005. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2006. 

  2006. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2007. 

  2007. <p><span class="font5">Fēl le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2008. 

  2008. <p><span class="font5">14,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2009. 

  2009. <p><span class="font5">Fèl le</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2010. 

  2010. <p><span class="font5">15.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2011. 

  2011. <p><span class="font5">WìíchSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2012. 

  2012. <p><span class="font5">16,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2013. 

  2013. <p><span class="font5">J 1ésh í</span></p></td></tr>
    2014. 

  2014. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2015. 

  2015. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2016. 

  2016. <p><span class="font5">17.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2017. 

  2017. <p><span class="font5">QTngdǎo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2018. 

  2018. <p><span class="font5">18.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2019. 

  2019. <p><span class="font5">R1 hěn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2020. 

  2020. <p><span class="font5">19.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2021. 

  2021. <p><span class="font5">LEfshùn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2022. 

  2022. <p><span class="font5">20.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2023. 

  2023. <p><span class="font5">Fél le</span></p></td></tr>
    2024. 

  2024. </table>
    2025. 

  2025. <div>
    2026. 

  2026. <h2><a name="bookmark11"></a><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark48"></a>TONE CARD</span></h2>
    2027. 

  2027. </div><br clear="all">
    2028. 

  2028. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-15.jpg" alt="" style="width:428pt;height:436pt;">
    2029. 

  2029. </div><br clear="all">
    2030. 

  2030. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">SUMMARY</span></p>
    2031. 

  2031. <h3><a name="bookmark13"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark49"></a>TONES</span></h3>
    2032. 

  2032. <p><span class="font5">Every syllable In Standard Chinese has one of four distinctive &quot;tones&quot; or patterns of pitch. The only exception to this rule is that a syllable loses Its inherent tone when It Is unstressed. The tone is just as much a part of a syllable as the consonants and vowels and performs the same function--sīgnaling the meaning of the syllable* In other words, difference In tone between two syllables can signal a difference In meaning, Just as a difference In consonants or vowels does.</span></p>
    2033. 

  2033. <p><span class="font5">It will be difficult at first to appreciate fully that a tone Is something that belongs to a syllable rather than something that merely happens to It. This Is because the only use of pitch patterns In English Is for Intonation of entire sentences, affecting only the meanings of whole sentences. For example, the rising pitch at the end of &quot;Spinach Is delicious?&quot; has nothing to do with the meaning of the word &quot;delicious&quot; but tells us that the whole sentence should be Interpreted as &quot;Are you saying that spinach is delicious?&quot; It may be difficult at first to remember the tone of a syllable as well as you remember the consonants and vowels. This Is because you have to develop the completely new habit of marking tones In your mental dictionary.</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-16.jpg" alt="" style="width:612pt;height:730pt;">
    2034. 

  2034. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">The Four Tones</span></p>
    2035. 

  2035. <p><span class="font5">Display I diagrams the pitch patterns of the four tones and gives their descriptive names and traditional numbers. As examples, four single-syllable words with completely different meanings but different to the ear only in their tones are pronounced at the beginning of the first P&amp;R tape.</span></p>
    2036. 

  2036. <p><span class="font5">The tone diagrams may bo read as musical notations. The vertical dimension stands for pitch, with the top of the diagram slightly above your normal pitch range In English and the bottom slightly below. The horizontal dimension stands for duration. The thickness of the curve stands for loudness. These diagrams show the tones as they are heard In isolated syllables.</span></p>
    2037. 

  2037. <p><span class="font5">The High tone (or First tone) has a steady high pitch and average length. You may find It somewhat uncomfortable to pronounce at first, since a steady high pitch is seldom used In English—your only relevant experience comes from music. Notice that the accent mark which represents this tone In the romanization captures the level contour rather than the high pitch.</span></p>
    2038. 

  2038. <div>
    2039. 

  2039. <p><span class="font27" style="font-weight:bold;">IG</span></p>
    2040. 

  2040. </div><br clear="all">
    2041. 

  2041. <p><span class="font5">The Rising tone (or Second tone) rises from the middle of the pitch range to the top. it too has average length. Unlike the rising Intonation used In English for questions, the Rising tone gets </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">louder</span><span class="font5"> as It rises. Notice that the tone mark In the romanization rises from left to right.</span></p>
    2042. 

  2042. <div>
    2043. 

  2043. <p><span class="font27" style="font-weight:bold;">I</span></p>
    2044. 

  2044. <p><span class="font5">d&quot;</span></p>
    2045. 

  2045. </div><br clear="all">
    2046. 

  2046. <p><span class="font5">The Low tone (or Third tone) starts low, dips to the bottom of the pitch range, and then rises. The lowest part of this tone is the most distinctive, the part to focus on both when you are trying to pronounce the tone and when you are trying to recognize it. The lowest part takes the greatest effort and is the most, prominent, despite the fact that it Is actually not quite as loud as the rest of the tone. This part Is exaggerated, both in length and In pitch, when the syllable 1$ stressed for emphasis. Particularly with male speakers, it may have a harsh, scraping quality. The Low tone has greater than average length. In English a similar Intonation is sometimes used for &quot;Well?” when you have been waiting to hear something. Notice that the tone mark captures the dipping pitch pattern.</span></p>
    2047. 

  2047. <p><span class="font5">The Falling tone (or Fourth tone) starts at the top of the pitch range end drops sharply to the bottom, diminishing in loudness as it drops. It has shorter than average length. In English the falling Intonation used for exclamations, as in &quot;Well!” is similar, but the Falling tone starts higher and ends lower than all but our most emphatic exclamations. Notice that the tone mark falls from left to right.</span></p>
    2048. 

  2048. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">The Neutral Tone</span></p>
    2049. 

  2049. <p><span class="font5">A syllable loses Its inherent tone when It Is unstressed. An unstressed syllable, besides being weak and hurried, will have a pitch that Is not something of Its own but rather something that Is imposed on It by the tones of the surrounding syllables, particularly by the tone of the preceding syllable. In such cases we say that the syllable has tost its full tone, that Its tone has been neutralized, or that it is in the Neutral tone, <a name="footnote5"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark50">5</a></sup>&nbsp;(Th© Neutral tone Is taken up at the beginning of P&amp;R Tape 6.)</span></p>
    2050. 

  2050. <h4><a name="bookmark51"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark52"></a>DISPLAY II: THE NEUTRAL TONE</span></h4>
    2051. 

  2051. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-17.jpg" alt="" style="width:299pt;height:68pt;">
    2052. 

  2052. <p><span class="font5">fBi le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fél le &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fěi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I e</span></p>
    2053. 

  2053. </div><br clear="all">
    2054. 

  2054. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-18.jpg" alt="" style="width:41pt;height:43pt;">
    2055. 

  2055. <p><span class="font5">fèl le</span></p>
    2056. 

  2056. </div><br clear="all">
    2057. 

  2057. <p><span class="font5">Display II shows the pitch of the Neutral tone after each of the four tones. The examples are four verbs which differ only In their tones, each followed by a grammatical element In the Neutral tone, (Notice that ths Neutral tone Is indicated In the romanization by the absence of a tone mark.}</span></p>
    2058. 

  2058. <p><span class="font5">After the Falling tone (4), the pitch of the Neutral tone amounts to the end of the fall. After the other three tones, It amounts to a Jump back to, or slightly beyond, the middle of the pitch range. In the case of the Low tone (3), the Jump Is from the low point, since the Low tone has lost Its rising tail. The pitch of the Neutral tone may also be affected by the tone of a syllable which follows, moving the Neutral tone in the direction of the start of the following tone. However, a sequence of Neutral tones will stay at the same pitch or will drop gradually.</span></p>
    2059. 

  2059. <div>
    2060. 

  2060. <p><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">lāVfi</span></p>
    2061. 

  2061. <p><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">BS ,</span></p>
    2062. 

  2062. </div><br clear="all">
    2063. 

  2063. <p><span class="font5">There are a few syllables, most of them grammatical elements, which are always unstressed in normal speech and, therefore, are always In the Neutral tone. These syllables are exceptions to ths rule that every syllable has a basic full tone, a tone that may be neutralized but will reappear under stress. To make a comparison with English, it Is hard to say what the ’’neutral vowel<sup>1</sup>’ In the word ’’given” has been reduced from, since the ending -en is never stressed.</span></p>
    2064. 

  2064. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tone Changes</span></p>
    2065. 

  2065. <div>
    2066. 

  2066. <p><span class="font5">3</span></p>
    2067. 

  2067. <p><span class="font5">It rhe &gt;m The a 1 on</span></p>
    2068. 

  2068. <p><span class="font5">it y.</span></p>
    2069. 

  2069. </div><br clear="all">
    2070. 

  2070. <p><span class="font5">The Low tone pronounced in isolation has a dipping-rising pitch pattern. This is the shape It always has before a pause. But the Low tone loses Its rising tall before a Neutral tone, and Display III shows that the Low tone also loses its tail before any non-Low tone. This display further shows that something even more unexpected happens to a Low tone before another Low tone* It changes to a Rising tone, or at least to something so close to a Rising tone that even native speakers cannot tell the difference. A Low tone which has lost Its rising tail before a different tone Is still recognizable, or Is even more recognizable, as a Low tone. But a Low tone which has changed to a Rising tone before another Low tone is no longer recognizable. What you will hear for ”i’m fine<sup>11</sup> Is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wó hSo</span><span class="font5">. The only way you can tell that the first word Is reaI Iy w&amp; Ts by hearing It when It is not followed by a Low tone. Another quirk of the Low tone Is that ft sometimes changes to a Rising tone before a neutralized Low tone. Whether this happens or not depends on considerations of grammar and word formation. It always happens, for example, when the syllables are separate words, as with the words </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qTmg j</span><span class="font5"> &quot;&nbsp;+ o ask,” and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nl</span><span class="font5">, ’’you,” In the expression </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Qí ng n I . . .</span><span class="font5">, which means ”(1) ask you (to do such-and-such)<sup>1</sup>’ or ”Rlease (do such-and-such).” ft does not happen in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">J 1SJ ie</span><span class="font5"> (from </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">J i ěj i S</span><span class="font5">), &quot;older sister.” (The exceptional behavior of the Low tone is taken up In the sixth tape of this module, right after the section on the Neutral tone.) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;.</span></p>
    2071. 

  2071. <h4><a name="bookmark53"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark54"></a>DISPLAY HI: THIRD TONE BEFORE FULL TONES</span></h4>
    2072. 

  2072. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-19.jpg" alt="" style="width:421pt;height:48pt;">
    2073. 

  2073. <p><span class="font5">Bè!JTng</span></p>
    2074. 

  2074. <p><span class="font5">YSngp íng</span></p>
    2075. 

  2075. <p><span class="font5">BāThĚI</span></p>
    2076. 

  2076. <p><span class="font5">Bāodlng</span></p>
    2077. 

  2077. </div><br clear="all">
    2078. 

  2078. <p><span class="font5">There are certain other tone changes that take place in longer sequences of syllables. The main example of this is that a Rising tone changes to a High tone when 1+ follows a High tone or Rising tone and is fol lowed by any fuI I tone. For Instance, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">J I5ná dà</span><span class="font5">, ’’Canada,” Is pronounced </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">J ISnSdà</span><span class="font5">. Using tone marks, the rule may be expressed tike this:</span></p>
    2079. 

  2079. <p><span class="font5">” ' ” becomes - - - &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;* becomes</span></p>
    2080. 

  2080. <p><span class="font5">~ &nbsp;&nbsp;‘ becomes ~ ~ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;■ becomes</span></p>
    2081. 

  2081. <p><span class="font5">” ' * becomes * * <sup>v</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;' * becomes</span></p>
    2082. 

  2082. <p><span class="font5">&quot; ' ' becomes - - * &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;* becomes</span></p>
    2083. 

  2083. <p><span class="font5">However, these tone changes will be studied only after you have gained control of two-syilable sequences.</span></p>
    2084. 

  2084. <p><span class="font5">There are also cases where particular words change their tones under the Influence of following tones. The number I Is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y T</span><span class="font5"> when It Is pronounced alone or as one of a series of digits. It Is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yt</span><span class="font5"> before a Falling tone or neutralized Falling tone, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yì</span><span class="font5"> before any other tone. The numbers 7, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qT</span><span class="font5">, and 8, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bS</span><span class="font5">, are </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">q f</span><span class="font5"> and bá before a Falling tone for most speakers. The negative marker bǔ Is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bú</span><span class="font5"> before a Falling tone or neutralized Falling tone. in this course you will find bú quite a few times before you find </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font5">, but keep in mind that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bù</span><span class="font5"> is the more basic form. &quot;No,&quot; for example, Is bù.</span></p>
    2085. 

  2085. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Tone Weakening and Strengthening</span></p>
    2086. 

  2086. <p><span class="font5">in addition to the dramatic tone changes discussed previously, there are certain minor automatic changes which affect all full tones In words of two or more syllables. These Involve all three factors shown in the tone dIagram--Ioudness, pitch, and length.</span></p>
    2087. 

  2087. <p><span class="font5">Let's start with a similar phenomenon In English, In an English word of two or more syllables, the syllables vary In how forceful they are and how much emphasis they receive. We normally think of these levels of &quot;stress&quot; In terms of the loudness of the syllable, but other factors, Including syllable length and pitch, are even more Important. The one thing you need to know about the stress pattern of an English word Is which syllable has the main stress. This syllable will have the same weight as a single-syllable word pronounced alone. The stress levels of the other syllables, down to the level we call &quot;unstressed,&quot; will then fall Into place almost automatically.</span></p>
    2088. 

  2088. <div>
    2089. 

  2089. <p><span class="font5">For tons</span></p>
    2090. 

  2090. </div><br clear="all">
    2091. 

  2091. <div>
    2092. 

  2092. <p><span class="font5">iave</span></p>
    2093. 

  2093. </div><br clear="all">
    2094. 

  2094. <div>
    2095. 

  2095. <p><span class="font5">IF</span></p>
    2096. 

  2096. </div><br clear="all">
    2097. 

  2097. <div>
    2098. 

  2098. <p><span class="font5">ng e, The id '1 mes ilc</span></p>
    2099. 

  2099. </div><br clear="all">
    2100. 

  2100. <div>
    2101. 

  2101. <p><span class="font5">Flit o I va</span></p>
    2102. 

  2102. <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">i*</span></p>
    2103. 

  2103. </div><br clear="all">
    2104. 

  2104. <div>
    2105. 

  2105. <p><span class="font5">in</span></p>
    2106. 

  2106. <p><span class="font5">»</span></p>
    2107. 

  2107. <p><span class="font5">fe oud-</span></p>
    2108. 

  2108. <p><span class="font5">&gt;u</span></p>
    2109. 

  2109. <p><span class="font5">। the</span></p>
    2110. 

  2110. <p><span class="font5">i</span></p>
    2111. 

  2111. <p><span class="font5">a I I</span></p>
    2112. 

  2112. </div><br clear="all">
    2113. 

  2113. <div>
    2114. 

  2114. <p><span class="font5">Examples such as &quot;PHO-to-graph,&quot; &quot;pho-TOG-ra-phy,&quot; and &quot;pho-to-GRAPH-ic&quot; tel 1 you al I you need to know about the stress patterns of these words.</span></p>
    2115. 

  2115. </div><br clear="all">
    2116. 

  2116. <div>
    2117. 

  2117. <p><span class="font5">The best way to approach the stress patterns of Chinese words Is the other way around. The first thing to find out Is whether any of the syllables are unstressed, that is, whether any are In the Neutral tone. (By far the most likely candidate is the last syllable.) Then the stress levels of the remaining, full-tons syllables will fall Into place according to the following rules:</span></p>
    2118. 

  2118. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2119. 

  2119. <p><span class="font5">I. The first full-tone syllable will have normal stress, the same as when It Is pronounced.</span></p></li>
    2120. 

  2120. <li>
    2121. 

  2121. <p><span class="font5">2. The last full-tone syllable (if there is more than one) will have heavIer-than-normaI stress. Its loudness, pitch range, and length will be exaggerated.</span></p></li>
    2122. 

  2122. <li>
    2123. 

  2123. <p><span class="font5">3, Any middle syllables will have I Ighter-than-normaI stress. Their loudness, pitch range, and length will be reduced.</span></p></li></ul>
    2124. 

  2124. <p><span class="font5">Let’s take, as an example, the Chinese phonetic equivalent of '’Italy,&quot; </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Y ì d à 11</span><span class="font5"> . All three syllables have full Falling tones, but notice 1n the dIagram below that the three pitch patterns are slightly different: the first one is normal; the middle one Is reduced; and the last one Is exaggerated.</span></p>
    2125. 

  2125. </div><br clear="all">
    2126. 

  2126. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-20.jpg" alt="" style="width:171pt;height:74pt;">
    2127. 

  2127. <p><span class="font5">-dà- -11</span></p>
    2128. 

  2128. </div><br clear="all">
    2129. 

  2129. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-21.jpg" alt="" style="width:29pt;height:14pt;">
    2130. 

  2130. </div><br clear="all">
    2131. 

  2131. <div>
    2132. 

  2132. <p><span class="font5">The few exceptions to these rules for relative levels of stress are due to meaning. One such exception Is that the first of two full-tone syllables may be given the heavIer-than-normaI stress If the first syllable Is more significant. For example, the word for ’'Germany&quot; is pronounced by most speakers as </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Déguó</span><span class="font5">. The syllable </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">De</span><span class="font5">- Identifies the country (It Is derived phonetically from </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Deutsch land</span><span class="font5">), while -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guó</span><span class="font5">, &quot;country,” is used In the names of many countries. Thus the first Rising-tone syllable Is stronger, in violation of the general rules for stress patterns.</span></p>
    2133. 

  2133. </div><br clear="all">
    2134. 

  2134. <div>
    2135. 

  2135. <p><span class="font5">Dé-</span></p>
    2136. 

  2136. </div><br clear="all">
    2137. 

  2137. <div>
    2138. 

  2138. <p><span class="font5">-guó</span></p>
    2139. 

  2139. </div><br clear="all">
    2140. 

  2140. <p><span class="font5">The subordinate status of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">-guó</span><span class="font5"> In the names of countries Is most clearly seen by the fact that some speakers treat It almost as a suffix, pronouncing It Tn the Neutral tone, so that &quot;Germany&quot; becomes </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Oéguo</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
    2141. 

  2141. <p><span class="font5">As with English levels of stress, these differences are fairly subtle. You may not be able to hear them too clearly, and you can make yourself understood well enough even without getting them quite right, although you are likely to sound like a computer. You should be able to learn stress patterns without even thinking about them If you will try to mimic Chinese speakers as closely as possible.</span></p>
    2142. 

  2142. <p><span class="font5">After learning more about consonants and vowels In the next section of this summary, you will be Introduced to sentence intonation in the last section, where you will find that there are further modifications In the pitch patterns of the tones. If you are reading this summary as you begin the course, new Information Is piling up too fast. Don’t try to keep everything In mind at once. As a first approximation of the tones, for example, try giving your syllables Identifiable and correct tones. When you have mastered that, work on one or two more points. Meanwhile, your ear will have begun to lock Tn on what Chinese sounds like, and you will begin to reach the point of automatic control.</span></p>
    2143. 

  2143. <h3><a name="bookmark55"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark56"></a>CONSONANTS AND VOWELS</span></h3>
    2144. 

  2144. <p><span class="font5">Much of the structural simplicity of the Chinese language is made evident by traditional analysis of syllable structure. Start with the syllables which are different to the ear. There are only about 1,300 such distinguishable syllables, not nearly as many as In English. (Many syllables which sound alike carry more than one meaning and are written with different characters for each meaning, much as the same English spoken syllable carries the three meanings represented by the spellings &quot;two,&quot; &quot;too,&quot; and &quot;to.&quot;)</span></p>
    2145. 

  2145. <div>
    2146. 

  2146. <p><span class="font5">most as iny”</span></p>
    2147. 

  2147. <p><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p>
    2148. 

  2148. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">'&gt;</span></p>
    2149. 

  2149. <p><span class="font5">it</span></p>
    2150. 

  2150. <p><span class="font5">I ke</span></p>
    2151. 

  2151. <p><span class="font5">•hout</span></p>
    2152. 

  2152. <p><span class="font5">&gt;eakers</span></p>
    2153. 

  2153. </div><br clear="all">
    2154. 

  2154. <div>
    2155. 

  2155. <p><span class="font5">next</span></p>
    2156. 

  2156. <p><span class="font5">I n-</span></p>
    2157. 

  2157. <p><span class="font5">i are f</span></p>
    2158. 

  2158. <p><span class="font5">if or</span></p>
    2159. 

  2159. <p><span class="font5">In</span></p>
    2160. 

  2160. <p><span class="font5">:amp I e, lhen</span></p>
    2161. 

  2161. <p><span class="font5">m-■ ounds</span></p>
    2162. 

  2162. <p><span class="font5">itroI .</span></p>
    2163. 

  2163. </div><br clear="all">
    2164. 

  2164. <div>
    2165. 

  2165. <p><span class="font5">ige e.</span></p>
    2166. 

  2166. <p><span class="font5">iere ir I y irry ers</span></p>
    2167. 

  2167. </div><br clear="all">
    2168. 

  2168. <div>
    2169. 

  2169. <table border="1">
    2170. 

  2170. <tr><td colspan="25" style="vertical-align:top;">
    2171. 

  2171. <p><a name="bookmark57"></a><span class="font5">P&amp;R MODULE</span></p></td></tr>
    2172. 

  2172. <tr><td rowspan="37" style="vertical-align:top;">
    2173. 

  2173. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY IV: INITIAL-FINAL COMBINATIONS *</span></p></td><td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2174. 

  2174. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2175. 

  2175. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c :3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2176. 

  2176. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2177. 

  2177. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2178. 

  2178. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p>
    2179. 

  2179. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2180. 

  2180. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p>
    2181. 

  2181. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">&gt;.</span></p></td></tr>
    2182. 

  2182. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2183. 

  2183. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">e</span></p>
    2184. 

  2184. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">:□</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2185. 

  2185. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2186. 

  2186. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2187. 

  2187. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2188. 

  2188. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2189. 

  2189. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">it :□</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2190. 

  2190. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2191. 

  2191. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">13</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2192. 

  2192. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">b</span></p>
    2193. 

  2193. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2194. 

  2194. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2195. 

  2195. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">M</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2196. 

  2196. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">«s</span></p>
    2197. 

  2197. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">&gt;.</span></p></td></tr>
    2198. 

  2198. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2199. 

  2199. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">:3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2200. 

  2200. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2201. 

  2201. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2202. 

  2202. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">,2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2203. 

  2203. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2204. 

  2204. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 It</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2205. 

  2205. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td></tr>
    2206. 

  2206. <tr><td rowspan="10" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2207. 

  2207. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2208. 

  2208. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">x</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2209. 

  2209. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2210. 

  2210. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">ǎr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2211. 

  2211. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">M</span></p>
    2212. 

  2212. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2213. 

  2213. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">&gt;.</span></p></td></tr>
    2214. 

  2214. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2215. 

  2215. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2216. 

  2216. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">u</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2217. 

  2217. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2218. 

  2218. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2219. 

  2219. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2220. 

  2220. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2221. 

  2221. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X G</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2222. 

  2222. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2223. 

  2223. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2224. 

  2224. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2225. 

  2225. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">'y</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2226. 

  2226. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">5 X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2227. 

  2227. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">E</span></p></td></tr>
    2228. 

  2228. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2229. 

  2229. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2230. 

  2230. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2231. 

  2231. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2232. 

  2232. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2233. 

  2233. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2234. 

  2234. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2235. 

  2235. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">'r</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2236. 

  2236. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">r .2</span></p>
    2237. 

  2237. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2238. 

  2238. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p>
    2239. 

  2239. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">&gt;.</span></p></td></tr>
    2240. 

  2240. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2241. 

  2241. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2242. 

  2242. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2243. 

  2243. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2244. 

  2244. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2245. 

  2245. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2246. 

  2246. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2247. 

  2247. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2248. 

  2248. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">'9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2249. 

  2249. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">E X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2250. 

  2250. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td></tr>
    2251. 

  2251. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2252. 

  2252. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2253. 

  2253. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c g</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2254. 

  2254. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p>
    2255. 

  2255. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2256. 

  2256. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 a.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2257. 

  2257. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2 c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2258. 

  2258. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p>
    2259. 

  2259. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2260. 

  2260. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2261. 

  2261. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.2 </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2262. 

  2262. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">M</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2263. 

  2263. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2264. 

  2264. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">o</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2265. 

  2265. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2266. 

  2266. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2267. 

  2267. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■G</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2268. 

  2268. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2269. 

  2269. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2270. 

  2270. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">‘9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2271. 

  2271. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">’x</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2272. 

  2272. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8 X</span></p></td></tr>
    2273. 

  2273. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2274. 

  2274. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.ft</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2275. 

  2275. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">E</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2276. 

  2276. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2»</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2277. 

  2277. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">o 'c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2278. 

  2278. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.1 ■©</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2279. 

  2279. <p><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2280. 

  2280. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2281. 

  2281. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2282. 

  2282. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0* '&amp;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2283. 

  2283. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">•</span></p></td></tr>
    2284. 

  2284. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2285. 

  2285. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0 •: Ě</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2286. 

  2286. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 </span><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2287. 

  2287. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2288. 

  2288. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2289. 

  2289. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">ì</span></p>
    2290. 

  2290. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">T&gt;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2291. 

  2291. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2292. 

  2292. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2293. 

  2293. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c 2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2294. 

  2294. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0 .2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2295. 

  2295. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2296. 

  2296. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p></td></tr>
    2297. 

  2297. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2298. 

  2298. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2299. 

  2299. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2300. 

  2300. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">J!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2301. 

  2301. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">.2 </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2302. 

  2302. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">'x</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2303. 

  2303. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td></tr>
    2304. 

  2304. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2305. 

  2305. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">—</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2306. 

  2306. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2307. 

  2307. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2308. 

  2308. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">Q.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2309. 

  2309. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2310. 

  2310. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2311. 

  2311. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">•-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2312. 

  2312. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">—</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2313. 

  2313. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">'&amp;■</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2314. 

  2314. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2315. 

  2315. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td></tr>
    2316. 

  2316. <tr><td rowspan="9" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2317. 

  2317. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2318. 

  2318. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2319. 

  2319. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">I</span></p></td></tr>
    2320. 

  2320. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2321. 

  2321. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">S 3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2322. 

  2322. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2323. 

  2323. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2324. 

  2324. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2325. 

  2325. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2326. 

  2326. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">J2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2327. 

  2327. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X G =.</span></p>
    2328. 

  2328. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2329. 

  2329. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C</span></p>
    2330. 

  2330. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2331. 

  2331. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2332. 

  2332. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2333. 

  2333. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X í</span></p></td></tr>
    2334. 

  2334. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2335. 

  2335. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2336. 

  2336. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■o</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2337. 

  2337. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2338. 

  2338. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2339. 

  2339. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2340. 

  2340. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p>
    2341. 

  2341. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2342. 

  2342. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G 3 </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">JZ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2343. 

  2343. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">M</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2344. 

  2344. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 U</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2345. 

  2345. <p><span class="font6">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2346. 

  2346. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">M</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2347. 

  2347. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2348. 

  2348. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X U</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2349. 

  2349. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c 3 ■s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2350. 

  2350. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">§</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2351. 

  2351. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">í</span></p></td></tr>
    2352. 

  2352. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2353. 

  2353. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2354. 

  2354. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2355. 

  2355. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">| c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2356. 

  2356. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■o</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2357. 

  2357. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2358. 

  2358. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2359. 

  2359. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2360. 

  2360. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2361. 

  2361. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2362. 

  2362. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p>
    2363. 

  2363. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2364. 

  2364. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2365. 

  2365. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s </span><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2366. 

  2366. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2367. 

  2367. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2368. 

  2368. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2369. 

  2369. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">V</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2370. 

  2370. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C </span><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">3 </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2371. 

  2371. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2372. 

  2372. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2373. 

  2373. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td></tr>
    2374. 

  2374. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2375. 

  2375. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s □</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2376. 

  2376. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">•o</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2377. 

  2377. <p><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2378. 

  2378. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">ā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2379. 

  2379. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2380. 

  2380. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2381. 

  2381. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">u</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2382. 

  2382. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2383. 

  2383. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">‘5 N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2384. 

  2384. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X V</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2385. 

  2385. <p><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">-a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2386. 

  2386. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">Ē</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2387. 

  2387. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">S M</span></p></td></tr>
    2388. 

  2388. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2389. 

  2389. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2390. 

  2390. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2391. 

  2391. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2392. 

  2392. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2393. 

  2393. <p><span class="font10">1</span></p>
    2394. 

  2394. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">JZ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2395. 

  2395. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8</span></p>
    2396. 

  2396. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2397. 

  2397. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">o</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2398. 

  2398. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2399. 

  2399. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">g</span></p></td></tr>
    2400. 

  2400. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2401. 

  2401. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2402. 

  2402. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2403. 

  2403. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2404. 

  2404. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">ì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2405. 

  2405. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2406. 

  2406. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2407. 

  2407. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 3</span></p>
    2408. 

  2408. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■o</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2409. 

  2409. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2410. 

  2410. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2411. 

  2411. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2412. 

  2412. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2413. 

  2413. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0 3 JC</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2414. 

  2414. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">Ō</span></p>
    2415. 

  2415. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2416. 

  2416. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0 3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2417. 

  2417. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">e </span><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2418. 

  2418. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">e</span></p>
    2419. 

  2419. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2420. 

  2420. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">O 3</span></p>
    2421. 

  2421. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">u</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2422. 

  2422. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0</span></p>
    2423. 

  2423. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">•5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2424. 

  2424. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">§</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2425. 

  2425. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">9 &gt;</span></p></td></tr>
    2426. 

  2426. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2427. 

  2427. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2428. 

  2428. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2429. 

  2429. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">ā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2430. 

  2430. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">«</span></p>
    2431. 

  2431. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2432. 

  2432. <p><span class="font0" style="font-variant:small-caps;">&quot;n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2433. 

  2433. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">V</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2434. 

  2434. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2435. 

  2435. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p></td></tr>
    2436. 

  2436. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2437. 

  2437. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2438. 

  2438. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2439. 

  2439. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2440. 

  2440. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2441. 

  2441. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2442. 

  2442. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2443. 

  2443. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2444. 

  2444. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2445. 

  2445. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2446. 

  2446. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2447. 

  2447. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 JX</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2448. 

  2448. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2449. 

  2449. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2450. 

  2450. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2451. 

  2451. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2452. 

  2452. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 M</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2453. 

  2453. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2454. 

  2454. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p>
    2455. 

  2455. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">•5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2456. 

  2456. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2457. 

  2457. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">?</span></p></td></tr>
    2458. 

  2458. <tr><td rowspan="13" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2459. 

  2459. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">T c</span></p>
    2460. 

  2460. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p>
    2461. 

  2461. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2462. 

  2462. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2463. 

  2463. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2464. 

  2464. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2465. 

  2465. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">&quot;6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2466. 

  2466. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X G</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2467. 

  2467. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2468. 

  2468. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">? o X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2469. 

  2469. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8 c JC</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2470. 

  2470. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0 X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2471. 

  2471. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2472. 

  2472. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0 N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2473. 

  2473. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8 </span><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">ī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2474. 

  2474. <p><span class="font6">f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2475. 

  2475. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">5 c</span></p>
    2476. 

  2476. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2477. 

  2477. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2478. 

  2478. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">I 0</span></p>
    2479. 

  2479. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">u</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2480. 

  2480. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2481. 

  2481. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2482. 

  2482. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2483. 

  2483. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2484. 

  2484. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2485. 

  2485. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2486. 

  2486. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2487. 

  2487. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X 1 c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2488. 

  2488. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">u G ■8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2489. 

  2489. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X c 01 w</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2490. 

  2490. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2491. 

  2491. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2492. 

  2492. <p><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">X </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">Si</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2493. 

  2493. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X £ -X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2494. 

  2494. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X G</span></p>
    2495. 

  2495. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2496. 

  2496. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p>
    2497. 

  2497. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2498. 

  2498. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8 8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2499. 

  2499. <p><span class="font6">X</span></p>
    2500. 

  2500. <p><span class="font6">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2501. 

  2501. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">J N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2502. 

  2502. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X = J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2503. 

  2503. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X c % -s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2504. 

  2504. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2505. 

  2505. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X £</span></p></td></tr>
    2506. 

  2506. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2507. 

  2507. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2508. 

  2508. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2509. 

  2509. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2510. 

  2510. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2511. 

  2511. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2512. 

  2512. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2513. 

  2513. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■t</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2514. 

  2514. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">u c</span></p>
    2515. 

  2515. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2516. 

  2516. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2517. 

  2517. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2518. 

  2518. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X G </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2519. 

  2519. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X G</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2520. 

  2520. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X c</span></p>
    2521. 

  2521. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2522. 

  2522. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2523. 

  2523. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2524. 

  2524. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X =</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2525. 

  2525. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2526. 

  2526. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">•s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2527. 

  2527. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2528. 

  2528. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2529. 

  2529. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2530. 

  2530. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2531. 

  2531. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2532. 

  2532. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">s</span></p>
    2533. 

  2533. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2534. 

  2534. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2535. 

  2535. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">£</span></p></td></tr>
    2536. 

  2536. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2537. 

  2537. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">v</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2538. 

  2538. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2539. 

  2539. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">ī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2540. 

  2540. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2541. 

  2541. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2542. 

  2542. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2543. 

  2543. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2544. 

  2544. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">Si</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2545. 

  2545. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p>
    2546. 

  2546. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2547. 

  2547. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s a&gt; X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2548. 

  2548. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2549. 

  2549. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s u</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2550. 

  2550. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2551. 

  2551. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2552. 

  2552. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2553. 

  2553. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p>
    2554. 

  2554. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2555. 

  2555. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2556. 

  2556. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c &gt;</span></p></td></tr>
    2557. 

  2557. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2558. 

  2558. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2559. 

  2559. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">E</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2560. 

  2560. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2561. 

  2561. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2562. 

  2562. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2563. 

  2563. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2564. 

  2564. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2565. 

  2565. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2566. 

  2566. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">—-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2567. 

  2567. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C </span><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2568. 

  2568. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p>
    2569. 

  2569. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2570. 

  2570. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2571. 

  2571. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2572. 

  2572. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">=</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2573. 

  2573. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2574. 

  2574. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2575. 

  2575. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p>
    2576. 

  2576. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2577. 

  2577. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2578. 

  2578. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2579. 

  2579. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p>
    2580. 

  2580. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2581. 

  2581. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2582. 

  2582. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p></td></tr>
    2583. 

  2583. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2584. 

  2584. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2585. 

  2585. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3 i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2586. 

  2586. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p>
    2587. 

  2587. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2588. 

  2588. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2589. 

  2589. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2590. 

  2590. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p>
    2591. 

  2591. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2592. 

  2592. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2593. 

  2593. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2594. 

  2594. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">&amp;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2595. 

  2595. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2596. 

  2596. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p>
    2597. 

  2597. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2598. 

  2598. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p>
    2599. 

  2599. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2600. 

  2600. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2 2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2601. 

  2601. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p>
    2602. 

  2602. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2603. 

  2603. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">K</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2604. 

  2604. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2 •C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2605. 

  2605. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2606. 

  2606. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2607. 

  2607. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0</span></p></td></tr>
    2608. 

  2608. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2609. 

  2609. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2610. 

  2610. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2611. 

  2611. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">j</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2612. 

  2612. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2613. 

  2613. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2614. 

  2614. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">ī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2615. 

  2615. <p><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">«</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2616. 

  2616. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2617. 

  2617. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p>
    2618. 

  2618. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">&amp;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2619. 

  2619. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2620. 

  2620. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2621. 

  2621. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2622. 

  2622. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p>
    2623. 

  2623. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">J</span></p>
    2624. 

  2624. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">M</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2625. 

  2625. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">5</span></p>
    2626. 

  2626. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2627. 

  2627. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2628. 

  2628. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2629. 

  2629. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">0 «</span></p></td></tr>
    2630. 

  2630. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2631. 

  2631. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2632. 

  2632. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">E</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2633. 

  2633. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2634. 

  2634. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2635. 

  2635. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">cf i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2636. 

  2636. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">G</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2637. 

  2637. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">'í X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2638. 

  2638. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2639. 

  2639. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">ā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2640. 

  2640. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">£</span></p>
    2641. 

  2641. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2642. 

  2642. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2643. 

  2643. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">*s</span></p>
    2644. 

  2644. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2645. 

  2645. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p>
    2646. 

  2646. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">M</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2647. 

  2647. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">£</span></p>
    2648. 

  2648. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2649. 

  2649. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">5</span></p></td></tr>
    2650. 

  2650. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2651. 

  2651. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2652. 

  2652. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2653. 

  2653. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2654. 

  2654. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">C</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2655. 

  2655. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2656. 

  2656. <p><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2657. 

  2657. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2658. 

  2658. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">ā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2659. 

  2659. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">JC</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2660. 

  2660. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2661. 

  2661. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2662. 

  2662. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2663. 

  2663. <p><span class="font6">ī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2664. 

  2664. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p>
    2665. 

  2665. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">K</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2666. 

  2666. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2667. 

  2667. <p><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2668. 

  2668. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">'5</span></p></td></tr>
    2669. 

  2669. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2670. 

  2670. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">t</span></p></td></tr>
    2671. 

  2671. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2672. 

  2672. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2673. 

  2673. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2674. 

  2674. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">r</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2675. 

  2675. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">‘2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2676. 

  2676. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">*N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2677. 

  2677. <p><span class="font2" style="font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2678. 

  2678. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2679. 

  2679. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2680. 

  2680. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2681. 

  2681. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2682. 

  2682. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2683. 

  2683. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2684. 

  2684. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">V</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2685. 

  2685. <p><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2686. 

  2686. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">jí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2687. 

  2687. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">M</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2688. 

  2688. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">a&gt;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2689. 

  2689. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2690. 

  2690. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2691. 

  2691. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2692. 

  2692. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">t</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2693. 

  2693. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">*&gt;</span></p></td></tr>
    2694. 

  2694. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2695. 

  2695. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2696. 

  2696. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">=</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2697. 

  2697. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2698. 

  2698. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2699. 

  2699. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">•»</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2700. 

  2700. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">=</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2701. 

  2701. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2702. 

  2702. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2703. 

  2703. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">- -</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2704. 

  2704. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2705. 

  2705. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2706. 

  2706. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2707. 

  2707. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">S</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2708. 

  2708. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2709. 

  2709. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2710. 

  2710. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">N</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2711. 

  2711. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">■5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2712. 

  2712. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2713. 

  2713. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">E</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2714. 

  2714. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2715. 

  2715. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">e.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2716. 

  2716. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2717. 

  2717. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2718. 

  2718. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2719. 

  2719. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2720. 

  2720. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">jt</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2721. 

  2721. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2722. 

  2722. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">K</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2723. 

  2723. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">V</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2724. 

  2724. <p><span class="font0" style="font-variant:small-caps;">a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2725. 

  2725. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">*S</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2726. 

  2726. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2727. 

  2727. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2728. 

  2728. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">*.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2729. 

  2729. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">—</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2730. 

  2730. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2731. 

  2731. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2732. 

  2732. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="24" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2733. 

  2733. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">*</span></p></td></tr>
    2734. 

  2734. </table>
    2735. 

  2735. </div><br clear="all">
    2736. 

  2736. <div>
    2737. 

  2737. <p><span class="font1" style="font-weight:bold;">Adapted front Elementary ChintK- Pelting. China</span></p>
    2738. 

  2738. </div><br clear="all">
    2739. 

  2739. <div>
    2740. 

  2740. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY V; INITIALS</span></p>
    2741. 

  2741. <table border="1">
    2742. 

  2742. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2743. 

  2743. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Stops</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2744. 

  2744. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Affricates</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    2745. 

  2745. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Fricatives</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    2746. 

  2746. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Liquids</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    2747. 

  2747. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Nasals</span></p></td></tr>
    2748. 

  2748. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2749. 

  2749. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Unaspirated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2750. 

  2750. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Aspirated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2751. 

  2751. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Unaspirated</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2752. 

  2752. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Aspirated</span></p></td></tr>
    2753. 

  2753. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2754. 

  2754. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Labials</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2755. 

  2755. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">b</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2756. 

  2756. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">P</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2757. 

  2757. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2758. 

  2758. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">m</span></p></td></tr>
    2759. 

  2759. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2760. 

  2760. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Alveoìars</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2761. 

  2761. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">d</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2762. 

  2762. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">t</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2763. 

  2763. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2764. 

  2764. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">n</span></p></td></tr>
    2765. 

  2765. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2766. 

  2766. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Velars</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2767. 

  2767. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">g</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2768. 

  2768. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">k</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2769. 

  2769. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">h</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2770. 

  2770. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2771. 

  2771. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Dentals</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2772. 

  2772. <p><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;font-variant:small-caps;">ī</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2773. 

  2773. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2774. 

  2774. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">s</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2775. 

  2775. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2776. 

  2776. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Re tr of Lexes</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2777. 

  2777. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">zh</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2778. 

  2778. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">ch</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2779. 

  2779. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">sh</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2780. 

  2780. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">r</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2781. 

  2781. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2782. 

  2782. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Palatals</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2783. 

  2783. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2784. 

  2784. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">q</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2785. 

  2785. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2786. 

  2786. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">________.________________________________________,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2787. 

  2787. </table>
    2788. 

  2788. </div><br clear="all">
    2789. 

  2789. <div>
    2790. 

  2790. <p><span class="font5">P&amp;R MODULE</span></p>
    2791. 

  2791. </div><br clear="all">
    2792. 

  2792. <div>
    2793. 

  2793. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY V3: FINALS</span></p>
    2794. 

  2794. <table border="1">
    2795. 

  2795. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2796. 

  2796. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Vowels Alone</span></p></td><td colspan="6" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2797. 

  2797. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Vowels Plus Consonants</span></p></td><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2798. 

  2798. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Diphthongs</span></p></td></tr>
    2799. 

  2799. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2800. 

  2800. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">0-Row</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2801. 

  2801. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">(s)-i</span></p>
    2802. 

  2802. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">(r)-j</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2803. 

  2803. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">■a</span></p>
    2804. 

  2804. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2805. 

  2805. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2806. 

  2806. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-an</span></p>
    2807. 

  2807. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">an</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2808. 

  2808. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ang</span></p>
    2809. 

  2809. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">ang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2810. 

  2810. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-en</span></p>
    2811. 

  2811. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">en</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2812. 

  2812. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-eng</span></p>
    2813. 

  2813. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">eng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2814. 

  2814. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">er</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2815. 

  2815. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2816. 

  2816. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ai</span></p>
    2817. 

  2817. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">ai</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2818. 

  2818. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ao</span></p>
    2819. 

  2819. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">ao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2820. 

  2820. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ei</span></p>
    2821. 

  2821. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">ei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2822. 

  2822. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ou</span></p>
    2823. 

  2823. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">pu</span></p></td></tr>
    2824. 

  2824. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2825. 

  2825. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">U-Row</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2826. 

  2826. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-u</span></p>
    2827. 

  2827. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">wu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2828. 

  2828. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ua</span></p>
    2829. 

  2829. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">wa</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2830. 

  2830. <p><span class="font7" style="font-variant:small-caps;">-uqAq</span></p>
    2831. 

  2831. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">wo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2832. 

  2832. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-uan</span></p>
    2833. 

  2833. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">wan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2834. 

  2834. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-uang</span></p>
    2835. 

  2835. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">wang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2836. 

  2836. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-u_n wen</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2837. 

  2837. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">(weng)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2838. 

  2838. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-uai</span></p>
    2839. 

  2839. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">wa:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2840. 

  2840. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">•</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2841. 

  2841. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-u i</span></p>
    2842. 

  2842. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">wei</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2843. 

  2843. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2844. 

  2844. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">J-Row</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2845. 

  2845. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">■i</span></p>
    2846. 

  2846. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yi</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2847. 

  2847. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ia</span></p>
    2848. 

  2848. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">ya</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2849. 

  2849. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ie</span></p>
    2850. 

  2850. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">ye</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2851. 

  2851. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">■ian</span></p>
    2852. 

  2852. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2853. 

  2853. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-iang</span></p>
    2854. 

  2854. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2855. 

  2855. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-in</span></p>
    2856. 

  2856. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yin</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2857. 

  2857. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ing</span></p>
    2858. 

  2858. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">ying</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2859. 

  2859. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-iong yong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2860. 

  2860. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">(yai)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2861. 

  2861. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-iao</span></p>
    2862. 

  2862. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2863. 

  2863. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-i_u</span></p>
    2864. 

  2864. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">you</span></p></td></tr>
    2865. 

  2865. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2866. 

  2866. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">0-R.ow</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2867. 

  2867. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-ii</span></p>
    2868. 

  2868. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2869. 

  2869. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">-iie</span></p>
    2870. 

  2870. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yíie</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2871. 

  2871. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">■iian</span></p>
    2872. 

  2872. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yuan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2873. 

  2873. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">■tin</span></p>
    2874. 

  2874. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">yǔn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    2875. 

  2875. </table>
    2876. 

  2876. </div><br clear="all">
    2877. 

  2877. <div>
    2878. 

  2878. <p><span class="font5">PSR MODULE</span></p>
    2879. 

  2879. </div><br clear="all">
    2880. 

  2880. <div>
    2881. 

  2881. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">tn this chart, vowel letters which do not have their “standard” sound values are underlined. The standard sound values are taken to be the ones they have standing alone as finals after n : na (as in “Okinawa”), ne (as in “cinema<sup>7</sup>*), ni (as in “Bikini”), nu (as in “Ainu,” “canog”), and nu (as in no English word). The letter a is not taken to have a standard sound value. Vowel letters which have been dropped in abbreviations are indicated by underlined spaces.</span></p>
    2882. 

  2882. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Before .-i, (s &gt;&nbsp;stands for all denial consonants and (r) for all retroflex consonants.</span></p>
    2883. 

  2883. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Hyphens mark spellings after initials.</span></p>
    2884. 

  2884. <p><span class="font25" style="font-weight:bold;">Finals with r suffixes are not shown.</span></p>
    2885. 

  2885. </div><br clear="all">
    2886. 

  2886. <p><span class="font5">Then, strip off the four tones. This leaves you with about 400 different strings of consonant and vowel sounds. (See Display IV.)</span></p>
    2887. 

  2887. <p><span class="font5">Next, strip off any Initial consonants, or Initials, of which there are 21. (See Display V and Appendix I, the latter providing an alphabetical list of the Initials.) What is left are the finals. There are less than 40 different finals--a manageable number.</span></p>
    2888. 

  2888. <p><span class="font5">Last, classify the finals by their medials, that Is, In </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> romanization, by whether the final starts with u_ (or w), with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I</span><span class="font5"> (or y_), with u (or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yíí</span><span class="font5"> 1, or with none of the above.<a name="footnote6"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark58">6</a></sup> This gives you four classes which are useful when you talk about how the finals combine with the Initials. You also cross-cI assify the finals by what follows the medials. (See Display VI and Appendix II, the latter providing an alphabetical list of the finals.)</span></p>
    2889. 

  2889. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2890. 

  2890. <h4><a name="bookmark15"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark59"></a>I. FINALS</span></h4></li></ul>
    2891. 

  2891. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    2892. 

  2892. <p><span class="font5">A.</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Plain Finals</span></p></li></ul>
    2893. 

  2893. <p><span class="font5">Let’s take a closer look at the structure of the final. Every final, and hence every syllable, has at least a vowel. Here are five vowels which can stand alone as finals, either with or without initials:</span></p>
    2894. 

  2894. <p><span class="font5">ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS</span></p>
    2895. 

  2895. <table border="1">
    2896. 

  2896. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2897. 

  2897. <p><span class="font5">mā</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2898. 

  2898. <p><span class="font5">(’■horse&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2899. 

  2899. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2900. 

  2900. <p><span class="font5">i n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2901. 

  2901. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Ma&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    2902. 

  2902. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2903. 

  2903. <p><span class="font5">d£</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2904. 

  2904. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;virtue&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2905. 

  2905. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2906. 

  2906. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2907. 

  2907. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Adel 1ne&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    2908. 

  2908. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2909. 

  2909. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;you&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2910. 

  2910. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2911. 

  2911. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2912. 

  2912. <p><span class="font5">&quot;blkin£&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    2913. 

  2913. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2914. 

  2914. <p><span class="font5"><sup>b</sup>ì</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2915. 

  2915. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;no&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2916. 

  2916. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2917. 

  2917. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2918. 

  2918. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Budapest&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    2919. 

  2919. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2920. 

  2920. <p><span class="font5">nU<a name="footnote7"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark60">7</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2921. 

  2921. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;woman&quot; )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2922. 

  2922. <p><span class="font5">no</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    2923. 

  2923. <p><span class="font5">English equivalent</span></p></td></tr>
    2924. 

  2924. </table>
    2925. 

  2925. <div>
    2926. 

  2926. <p><span class="font5">about</span></p>
    2927. 

  2927. </div><br clear="all">
    2928. 

  2928. <div>
    2929. 

  2929. <p><span class="font5">of tter left</span></p>
    2930. 

  2930. </div><br clear="all">
    2931. 

  2931. <p><span class="font5">AM of the English equivalents in the examples are, of course, approximate at best and will be further off If your pronunciation does not happen to be the most standard American pronunciation. The vowel /u/, for example, is rather different from Its equivalent in &quot;Budapest,” even for people who start the name the way they start ’’boot^.* For someone who starts ’’Budapest<sup>11 </sup>the way he starts &quot;b</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">eāīT</span><span class="font5">tythe comparison is way, off. The Chinese vowel Is pronounced with the tongue farther back In the mouth and with the lips more rounded.</span></p>
    2932. 

  2932. <div>
    2933. 

  2933. <p><span class="font5">' n</span></p>
    2934. 

  2934. <p><span class="font5">* w), Th I </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">s</span></p>
    2935. 

  2935. <p><span class="font5">■ how</span></p>
    2936. 

  2936. <p><span class="font5">í i f y id</span></p>
    2937. 

  2937. <p><span class="font5">■he</span></p>
    2938. 

  2938. </div><br clear="all">
    2939. 

  2939. <p><span class="font5">There is no English equivalent for /u/, which Is pronounced with the tongue in position for 71/ and the lips In position for /u/, simultaneously. it Is not the same as the first vowel in &quot;Utah,&quot; which Is pronounced with the tips In position for /u/<sub>D </sub>but with the tongue gliding from the position for /I/ to the position for / «j /.</span></p>
    2940. 

  2940. <p><span class="font5">The vowels /!/, /u/, and /íi/ are written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y I</span><span class="font5"> , </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wu</span><span class="font5">, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yU </span><span class="font5">whan they do not follow an initial, In most cases, you wl iT not be able to hear separate sounds co r respond I ng to and w, as you can hear in the English words ”ye'<sup>T</sup> and &quot;woo.” The three vowels are discussed again in the summary sections on u_ finals, j_ finals, and tl finals.</span></p>
    2941. 

  2941. <p><span class="font5">There are two more vowel sounds which can stand alone as finals, one of them only after initials. Confusingly, both sounds are represented by the letter 1 (already seen as standing for the vowel 71/ In &quot;Tahiti”], The letter preceding the j_ determines which vowel sound Is to be used.</span></p>
    2942. 

  2942. <p><span class="font5">After a consonant pronounced with the tongue In the /s/ position (see page 42), i stands for a vowel pronounced with the tongue as close as possible to the /s/ position. Many Americans have a similar vowel in &quot;Just a moment,” often indicated by the spelling ”jíst.<sup>IT</sup> For example:</span></p>
    2943. 

  2943. <p><span class="font5">sl_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;tour”) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;approximately as 1 n &quot;jj_st&quot;</span></p>
    2944. 

  2944. <p><span class="font5">After a consonant pronounced with the tongue In the /r/ position, that Is, with the tongue strongly curled back (see page 42), i stands for □ vowel which Is simply a prolonged /r/ sound. FoF example:</span></p>
    2945. 

  2945. <div>
    2946. 

  2946. <p><span class="font5">he nd</span></p>
    2947. 

  2947. <p><span class="font5">d</span></p>
    2948. 

  2948. </div><br clear="all">
    2949. 

  2949. <p><span class="font5">shí &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;ten&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;approximately as In &quot;washer&quot;</span></p>
    2950. 

  2950. <p><span class="font5">When there Is no initial consonant sound before this vowel, the letter r_ Is written; </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">r I</span><span class="font5">, The r_tells you how to pronounce the I; It doss not stand for a separate sound. The whole syiiFble is one prolonged /r/ sound.</span></p>
    2951. 

  2951. <p><span class="font5">Everywhere else, _I_ stands for the &quot;standard” /I/, as In &quot;Tahiti</span></p>
    2952. 

  2952. <p><span class="font5">A final may also consist of a vowel followed by a consonant, either ZnZ* or /ng/ (or Zr/, but this has a rather different status). Here are examples of all the ways the vowels presented thus far can combine with /n/ and /ng/:</span></p>
    2953. 

  2953. <table border="1">
    2954. 

  2954. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2955. 

  2955. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">5n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2956. 

  2956. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;peace&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2957. 

  2957. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2958. 

  2958. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    2959. 

  2959. <p><span class="font5">&quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">On</span><span class="font5">ta r i o&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    2960. 

  2960. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2961. 

  2961. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">máng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2962. 

  2962. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;busy&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2963. 

  2963. <p><span class="font5">ZaZ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2964. 

  2964. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2965. 

  2965. <p><span class="font5">In &quot;Me&quot; + ZngZ</span></p></td></tr>
    2966. 

  2966. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2967. 

  2967. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">fSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2968. 

  2968. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;cent&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2969. 

  2969. <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">35</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2970. 

  2970. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2971. 

  2971. <p><span class="font5">&quot;fun.,&quot; &quot;chicken.”</span></p></td></tr>
    2972. 

  2972. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2973. 

  2973. <p><span class="font5">1 </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">áng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2974. 

  2974. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;co 1 d&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2975. 

  2975. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2976. 

  2976. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2977. 

  2977. <p><span class="font5">&quot;1</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">u n g</span><span class="font5">”</span></p></td></tr>
    2978. 

  2978. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2979. 

  2979. <p><span class="font5">m</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">tn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2980. 

  2980. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;peop1e&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2981. 

  2981. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2982. 

  2982. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2983. 

  2983. <p><span class="font5">&quot;m</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ean</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    2984. 

  2984. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2985. 

  2985. <p><span class="font5">m</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">f ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2986. 

  2986. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;bright&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2987. 

  2987. <p><span class="font5">ZtZ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2988. 

  2988. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2989. 

  2989. <p><span class="font5">In &quot;am£no&quot; t ZngZ</span></p></td></tr>
    2990. 

  2990. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2991. 

  2991. <p><span class="font5">j </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">(Tn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2992. 

  2992. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;ml 1Itary&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2993. 

  2993. <p><span class="font5">ZUZ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2994. 

  2994. <p><span class="font5">+</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    2995. 

  2995. <p><span class="font5">ZnZ</span></p></td></tr>
    2996. 

  2996. </table>
    2997. 

  2997. <p><span class="font5">The analysis of /Un/ as simply ZU/ plus ZnZ will not always hold up. Especially when there is no Initial , you may hear a weak vowel Ze/ sneak In before the ZnZ, so that ZilnZ almost rhymes with Zen/.</span></p>
    2998. 

  2998. <p><span class="font5">There is also a final written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ong</span><span class="font5"> in which the o_ stands for a vowel very much like ZuZ. Actually, it Is closer to the vowel sound in &quot;good&quot; than to the vowel In &quot;food.&quot;</span></p>
    2999. 

  2999. <div>
    3000. 

  3000. <p><span class="font5">There is built-in ZrZ, tongue, as In</span></p>
    3001. 

  3001. </div><br clear="all">
    3002. 

  3002. <div>
    3003. 

  3003. <p><span class="font5">6r</span></p>
    3004. 

  3004. </div><br clear="all">
    3005. 

  3005. <p><span class="font5">I </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">óng</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(’’dragon&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ZoZ as In &quot;woman&quot; + /ng/ one final In which the vowel ZeZ is followed by a pronounced with a strong curling back of the the Eng I Ish &quot;her.&quot;</span></p>
    3006. 

  3006. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;ear&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;ermine&quot;</span></p>
    3007. 

  3007. <div>
    3008. 

  3008. <p><span class="font5">Other syllables which end the suffix £. For example:</span></p>
    3009. 

  3009. <p><span class="font5">nǎr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;where&quot;)</span></p>
    3010. 

  3010. </div><br clear="all">
    3011. 

  3011. <div>
    3012. 

  3012. <p><span class="font5">In ZrZ have been formed by adding</span></p>
    3013. 

  3013. </div><br clear="all">
    3014. 

  3014. <div>
    3015. 

  3015. <p><span class="font5">as in &quot;Na re I ssus&quot;</span></p>
    3016. 

  3016. </div><br clear="all">
    3017. 

  3017. <p><span class="font5">*The consonant ZnZ at the end of a syllable may sound a little like /ngZ when the next syllable starts with an Zh/ or a vowel sound, as In </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hen háo</span><span class="font5">, &quot;very good,&quot; and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yán<sup>1</sup>Sn</span><span class="font5">, &quot;Yenan.&quot; Actually, however, this variant of ZnZ, pronounced with the tongue not touching the roof of the mouth, Is quite distinguishable from ZngZ, pronounced with the back of the tongue touching. Notice in the romanization </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yán’5n</span><span class="font5"> that an apostrophe shows which syllable the n_ belongs to.</span></p>
    3018. 

  3018. <div>
    3019. 

  3019. <p><span class="font5">sonant, it</span></p>
    3020. 

  3020. <p><span class="font5">ie nted</span></p>
    3021. 

  3021. </div><br clear="all">
    3022. 

  3022. <p><span class="font5">In many cases, adding an /r/ suffix has a considerable effect on the final, knocking out an /n/ or /ng/ and changing the vowel, for example. (You will deal with these Instances on a case*by-case basis In the course.! The /r/ suffix Is most popular In the Peking dialect but is one feature of that dialect that has not been widely accepted as a national norm.</span></p>
    3023. 

  3023. <div>
    3024. 

  3024. <p><span class="font5">I ways a</span></p>
    3025. 

  3025. </div><br clear="all">
    3026. 

  3026. <div>
    3027. 

  3027. <p><span class="font5">s for vowe I</span></p>
    3028. 

  3028. </div><br clear="all">
    3029. 

  3029. <div>
    3030. 

  3030. <p><span class="font5">A final may also consist of a diphthong, that Is, a vowel followed by a weaker glide to the position of /!/ or /□/.</span></p>
    3031. 

  3031. <table border="1">
    3032. 

  3032. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3033. 

  3033. <p><span class="font5">(Similar diphthongs exist</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3034. 

  3034. <p><span class="font5">In Eng 1 Ish.)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3035. 

  3035. <p><span class="font5">There are four such</span></p></td></tr>
    3036. 

  3036. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3037. 

  3037. <p><span class="font5">finals:</span></p>
    3038. 

  3038. <p><span class="font5">hǎj_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;sea&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3039. 

  3039. <p><span class="font5">as 1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3040. 

  3040. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Shanghai&quot; &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">high</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    3041. 

  3041. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3042. 

  3042. <p><span class="font5">m</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">áo</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;hair&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3043. 

  3043. <p><span class="font5">as 1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3044. 

  3044. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Mao Tse-tung,&quot; &quot;mouth</span></p></td></tr>
    3045. 

  3045. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3046. 

  3046. <p><span class="font5">lèl_ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;tired&quot;)</span></p>
    3047. 

  3047. <p><span class="font5">dōu &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;all”)</span></p>
    3048. 

  3048. <p><span class="font5">These diphthongs are best</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3049. 

  3049. <p><span class="font5">as In &quot;1 </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">e I</span><span class="font5"> , &quot;&nbsp;&quot;si </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sigh</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p>
    3050. 

  3050. <p><span class="font5">as In &quot;sou 1 ,&quot; &quot;d</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ough</span><span class="font5">&quot; learned as units. If we look at the</span></p></td></tr>
    3051. 

  3051. </table>
    3052. 

  3052. <p><span class="font5">Individual letters, however, we notice that the letter o has a different sound value in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ou</span><span class="font5"> than in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ao</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ong</span><span class="font5">, and thaF the letter £ has a different sound value In </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">eI</span><span class="font5"> than In e, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">en</span><span class="font5">, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">eng</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
    3053. 

  3053. </div><br clear="all">
    3054. 

  3054. <div>
    3055. 

  3055. <p><span class="font5">by a</span></p>
    3056. 

  3056. </div><br clear="all">
    3057. 

  3057. <p><span class="font5">A final may also consist of any of the above types (vowel alone, vowel plus consonant, or diphthong) preceded by a medial, that is, by a weak version of one of the vowels /u/, /I/, and /U/. The medlals /u/ and /!/ are like the English semivowels written w and in &quot;wet” and <sup>T,</sup>yet&quot; and written £ and J_ In &quot;Jaguar&quot;“and &quot;onion.&quot; Finals starting with theTe three medíals are discussed In the next three summary sections.</span></p>
    3058. 

  3058. <div>
    3059. 

  3059. <p><span class="font5">dd I ng</span></p>
    3060. 

  3060. </div><br clear="all">
    3061. 

  3061. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3062. 

  3062. <p><span class="font5">B.</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> u Finals</span></p></li></ul>
    3063. 

  3063. <p><span class="font5">You have heard and seen the full vowel /u/ following an Initial In the word bù, &quot;no.&quot; When the vowel does not follow ■ an initial, it is written wu_.</span></p>
    3064. 

  3064. <p><span class="font5">wú &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;five&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In <sup>11</sup> </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">o o</span><span class="font5"> ze” or &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">woo</span><span class="font5"><sup>11</sup></span></p>
    3065. 

  3065. <p><span class="font5">As suggested by the English equivalents, you may or may not hear a /w/ sound before the /u/.</span></p>
    3066. 

  3066. <div>
    3067. 

  3067. <p><span class="font5">tie we I</span></p>
    3068. 

  3068. <p><span class="font5">tua 1 Iy, t</span></p>
    3069. 

  3069. <p><span class="font5">om</span></p>
    3070. 

  3070. <p><span class="font5">I ce</span></p>
    3071. 

  3071. </div><br clear="all">
    3072. 

  3072. <p><span class="font5">A /w/ sound may also occur before other vowels at the beginning of a final. The sound Is written u_ when It follows an Initial and w when It does not. (Since the sound Is a weak version of the vowei /u/, the sound will be called medial /u/.) In the following examples of finals which start with the media! /u/, some have Initials and therefore use the u spelling. Some have no initials and therefore use the w_ spelling.</span></p>
    3073. 

  3073. <p><span class="font5">h</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">uà</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;speech&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;qua I 1 ty&quot;</span></p>
    3074. 

  3074. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wò</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;( &quot;&nbsp;I &quot;&nbsp;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;wa I ।<a name="footnote8"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark61">8</a></sup><sup></sup></span></p>
    3075. 

  3075. <p><span class="font5">Notice that the letter o In wo and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">uo</span><span class="font5"> Is used for yet another vowel sound, roughly the&quot; voweT In the English word &quot;saw,&quot; The spelling </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">uo</span><span class="font5"> Is abbreviated to o after the initials written rn, b, £, and f (the labial consonants, involving the lips). The medTal sound Is still there, however, so that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mo</span><span class="font5">, &quot;Ink,&quot; Is* pronounced as If It were spelled </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">muò</span><span class="font5">■</span></p>
    3076. 

  3076. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">huàn</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;exchange&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;q</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">uan</span><span class="font5">t Ity,&quot; &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wan</span><span class="font5">,&quot; &quot;J</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">uan</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p>
    3077. 

  3077. <p><span class="font5">wáng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;king&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as in &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wong</span><span class="font5">,&quot; Zua/ as In</span></p>
    3078. 

  3078. <p><span class="font5">&quot;quajTty* + /ng/</span></p>
    3079. 

  3079. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wèn</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;ask&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;O</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wen</span><span class="font5">,&quot; &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">won</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p>
    3080. 

  3080. <p><span class="font5">(There Is a very rare final </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">weng</span><span class="font5"> ■ )</span></p>
    3081. 

  3081. <p><span class="font5">You would expect </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wen</span><span class="font5"> to be spelled </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">uen</span><span class="font5"> after Initials, but it Is abbreviated to un: </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">han</span><span class="font5">, &quot;mix up.&quot; You can still hear the vowel /e/, however. TFTe s y I tables written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hun</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wfen</span><span class="font5"> rhyme. Notice that the tone mark In </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hùn</span><span class="font5"> has been shifted to the only remaining vowel letter.</span></p>
    3082. 

  3082. <p><span class="font5">H</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">uá1</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(name of a river) as In &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Wai</span><span class="font5">kiki ,&quot; &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">why</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p>
    3083. 

  3083. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wòI</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;stomach&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">we I gh</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p>
    3084. 

  3084. <p><span class="font5">Again, you would expect </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">we 1</span><span class="font5"> to be written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ue1</span><span class="font5"> after initials, but it Is abbreviated to </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">u 1</span><span class="font5"> ; </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dul</span><span class="font5"> , &quot;correct/&quot; You can still hear the diphthong /el/, however. The syllables written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wè1 </span><span class="font5">rhyme. (There is some Justification for this spelling. In the High and Rising tones, this final does sound quite like the English pronoun &quot;we,&quot; as the spelling uì would suggest.) Notice that the tone mark in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duì</span><span class="font5"> has been shlTTed to the last available vowel letter.</span></p>
    3085. 

  3085. <div>
    3086. 

  3086. <p><span class="font5">* i sc</span></p>
    3087. 

  3087. <p><span class="font5">a&lt;</span></p>
    3088. 

  3088. <p><span class="font5">।</span></p>
    3089. 

  3089. <p><span class="font5">A</span></p>
    3090. 

  3090. <p><span class="font5">It</span></p>
    3091. 

  3091. <p><span class="font5">f</span></p>
    3092. 

  3092. <p><span class="font5">I</span></p>
    3093. 

  3093. <p><span class="font5">5</span></p>
    3094. 

  3094. </div><br clear="all">
    3095. 

  3095. <div>
    3096. 

  3096. <p><span class="font5">T</span></p>
    3097. 

  3097. <p><span class="font5">ft II E I v</span></p>
    3098. 

  3098. </div><br clear="all">
    3099. 

  3099. <div>
    3100. 

  3100. <p><span class="font5">er</span></p>
    3101. 

  3101. <p><span class="font5">Fhe</span></p>
    3102. 

  3102. <p><span class="font5">The</span></p>
    3103. 

  3103. </div><br clear="all">
    3104. 

  3104. <p><span class="font5">As suggested by the English equivalents, you may or may not hear a /y/ sound before the /I/ In </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y I</span><span class="font5"> . You will usually hear a /y/ sound before the /!/ in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yTn</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y í ng</span><span class="font5">, and the vowel Itself is more like the &quot;short<sup>1</sup>' English vowel In &quot;s£n&quot; and &quot;sj_ng.&quot;</span></p>
    3105. 

  3105. <div>
    3106. 

  3106. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Juan&quot;</span></p>
    3107. 

  3107. </div><br clear="all">
    3108. 

  3108. <p><span class="font5">A /y/ sound may also occur before other vowels at the beginning of a final. The sound is written i when It follows an Initial and when It does not. (Since tKe sound Is a weak version of the vowel /I/, the sound will be called medial Zi/,) In the following examples of finals which start with the medial /I/, some have initials and therefore use the I spelling. Some have no Initials and therefore use the spellTng.</span></p>
    3109. 

  3109. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yá</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;tooth”J &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;Yamaha,<sup>w</sup> &quot;yahoo”</span></p>
    3110. 

  3110. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yfe</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;also&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;ye I I ow<sup>11</sup></span></p>
    3111. 

  3111. <div>
    3112. 

  3112. <p><span class="font5">t Is we I</span></p>
    3113. 

  3113. <p><span class="font5">I ce n ī ng</span></p>
    3114. 

  3114. </div><br clear="all">
    3115. 

  3115. <p><span class="font5">As you have seen, In the finals written e, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">an</span><span class="font5">, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">eng</span><span class="font5">, the letter e_ stands for a vowel like the e In &quot;ch 1 cken .<sup>ir</sup>&quot;<sup>J</sup> Not Ice that In the final written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ye</span><span class="font5"> or Te the letter e stands<a name="footnote9"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark62">9</a></sup> for a vowel like the e_ In &quot;hen.” iThis”Ts the same vowel sound e stands for in the diphthong written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">e I</span><span class="font5"> . In other words, an i or In the final means that e_ stands for the vowel of &quot;han. &quot;T</span></p>
    3116. 

  3116. <p><span class="font5">n</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ián<sup><a href="#bookmark62">9</a></sup></span><span class="font5"> (&quot;year&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yen</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p>
    3117. 

  3117. <p><span class="font5">In this final written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ian</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yan</span><span class="font5">, the letter a has an exceptional sound value, essentially the vowel In the EngĒlsh word &quot;hen.”</span></p>
    3118. 

  3118. <div>
    3119. 

  3119. <p><span class="font5">hear </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">*6 í </span><span class="font5">rhe</span></p>
    3120. 

  3120. <p><span class="font5">FI co able</span></p>
    3121. 

  3121. </div><br clear="all">
    3122. 

  3122. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yéng</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;([&quot;Yin 6] Yang&quot;) ZyZ + /a/ as in &quot;Ma” + ZngZī</span></p>
    3123. 

  3123. <p><span class="font5">as In &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yon</span><span class="font5">kers&quot;</span></p>
    3124. 

  3124. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yòng</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;use&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, ZyZ + /o/ as In &quot;woman&quot; + /ng/</span></p>
    3125. 

  3125. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yào</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;want&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;y</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ow I&quot;</span></p>
    3126. 

  3126. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;again&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yeo</span><span class="font5">man&quot;</span></p>
    3127. 

  3127. <div>
    3128. 

  3128. <p><span class="font5">‘ight.&quot;</span></p>
    3129. 

  3129. </div><br clear="all">
    3130. 

  3130. <p><span class="font5">Yet again, you would expect the final </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">you</span><span class="font5"> to be written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Iou</span><span class="font5"> after Initials, but It Is abbreviated to I u : IIù, &quot;six.&quot; You can still hear the diphthong /ou/, however. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">TTù</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yòu</span><span class="font5"> rhyme. In the High and Rising tones this final does sound quite like the English pronoun &quot;you,&quot; as suggested by the spelling iu. Notice that the tone mark In </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ìIù</span><span class="font5"> has been shifted to the last available vowel letter.</span></p>
    3131. 

  3131. <p><span class="font5">There is a very rare final </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ya I</span><span class="font5"> , not shown In Display IV.</span></p>
    3132. 

  3132. <p><span class="font5">0. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">u Finals</span></p>
    3133. 

  3133. <p><span class="font5">The full vowel ZuZ following an initial occurs In the syllable </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nú</span><span class="font5">, &quot;woman.” When it does not follow an initial, it Is written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yti</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
    3134. 

  3134. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yū</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;rain”) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;no English equivalent</span></p>
    3135. 

  3135. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yUn</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;rhyme”) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/uZ + ZnZ</span></p>
    3136. 

  3136. <p><span class="font5">You may or may not hear something like a ZyZ sound before the /(I/, which Is pronounced with the tongue position of Z i / and the lip position of ZuZ.</span></p>
    3137. 

  3137. <p><span class="font5">A weak version of the vowel ZuZ, which will be called medial ZU/, may occur before other vowels at the beginning of a final. The sound Is written u_ when it follows an initial and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ytī</span><span class="font5"> when It does not. One of the following examples of finals which start with the medial ZuZ has an Initial; therefore the U spelling is used. The other example has no initial, however; therefore the </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yU</span><span class="font5"> spelling Is used.</span></p>
    3138. 

  3138. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">jué</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;definitely&quot;) ZU/ + Ze/ as in &quot;hen”</span></p>
    3139. 

  3139. <p><span class="font5">Notice that the letter e_ in this final stands for a vowel sound like the one In the English word &quot;hen,&quot; as does In the final spel led </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ye</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ie</span><span class="font5"> and tn the final spe! led e_i_. ZU/ has the same effect as /!/ because the same tongue position is used to produce both.</span></p>
    3140. 

  3140. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yUán</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;garden”) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/ií/ + /an/ as in the British</span></p>
    3141. 

  3141. <p><span class="font5">&quot;answer&quot;</span></p>
    3142. 

  3142. <p><span class="font5">Instead of rhyming this final with the final written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">an</span><span class="font5">, some speakers rhyme </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y U á n</span><span class="font5"> with the final written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yen</span><span class="font5"> or </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">i an</span><span class="font5">, using the vowel sound of the English &quot;hen.&quot;</span></p>
    3143. 

  3143. <h4><a name="bookmark16"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark63"></a>II. INITIALS</span></h4>
    3144. 

  3144. <p><span class="font5">Each group of initial consonants In the following summary sections (A through F) contains one consonant which Is distinctively &quot;aspirated&quot; and one which Is distinctively &quot;unasp 1 rated.”</span></p>
    3145. 

  3145. <p><span class="font5">The aspirated consonants explode with .a strong puff of air. In English, the consonants written t, _k (or c, as in &quot;cow,&quot; or cp, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ch</span><span class="font5"> are lightly aspirated at the beginning of a word, as you can tell if you hold the back of your hand to your mouth while saying &quot;pa,&quot; These same letters, including the combination </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ch</span><span class="font5">, are used to romanize the distinctively, more strongly aspirated Chinese consonants.</span></p>
    3146. 

  3146. <p><span class="font5">Unaspirated consonants explode without a puff of air, The English lightly aspirated consonants become unaspirated after /s/, as you can tell If you say &quot;pa<sup>11</sup> and &quot;spa<sup>11</sup> against the back of your hand. This Is an automatic adjustment for English speakers, and It will take practice to learn to pronounce English aspirated consonants as unaspirated when there Is no /s/ to trigger the adjustment.</span></p>
    3147. 

  3147. <p><span class="font5">English has a series of &quot;voiced” consonants which are pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords. These Include consonants written b_, d_, g (as In both ''Gary” and &quot;Gerry&quot;), I (as In &quot;Jerry&quot;), and z. These same letters plus the combination </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zh </span><span class="font5">are used to romaníze the unvoiced, distinctively unaspirated Chinese consonants.</span></p>
    3148. 

  3148. <p><span class="font5">The consonants which are neither distinctively aspirated nor distinctively unaspirated are the ones which can be prolonged, such as /s/, /I/, and /n/.</span></p>
    3149. 

  3149. <p><span class="font5">So far consonants have been grouped In terms of the general manner In which they are produced. Now they will be grouped In terms of the tongue and lip positions used In producing them.</span></p>
    3150. 

  3150. <p><span class="font5">A . </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Initials m, b, p, f ( L a b i a I )</span></p>
    3151. 

  3151. <p><span class="font5">These are pronounced In the positions suggested by the Ietters.</span></p>
    3152. 

  3152. <table border="1">
    3153. 

  3153. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3154. 

  3154. <p><span class="font5">màn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3155. 

  3155. <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">(&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3156. 

  3156. <p><span class="font5">10,000&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3157. 

  3157. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3158. 

  3158. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3159. 

  3159. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">&quot;ml 11&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3160. 

  3160. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3161. 

  3161. <p><span class="font5">ban</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3162. 

  3162. <p><span class="font5">C”</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3163. 

  3163. <p><span class="font5">half&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3164. 

  3164. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3165. 

  3165. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3166. 

  3166. <p><span class="font5">&quot;bl II,&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3167. 

  3167. <p><span class="font5">but</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3168. 

  3168. <p><span class="font5">not</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3169. 

  3169. <p><span class="font5">vo1ced</span></p></td></tr>
    3170. 

  3170. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3171. 

  3171. <p><span class="font5">&lt;&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3172. 

  3172. <p><span class="font5">divide&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3173. 

  3173. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3174. 

  3174. <p><span class="font5">I n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3175. 

  3175. <p><span class="font5">&quot;£j II,&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3176. 

  3176. <p><span class="font5">but</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3177. 

  3177. <p><span class="font5">more</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3178. 

  3178. <p><span class="font5">asp 1 rated</span></p></td></tr>
    3179. 

  3179. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3180. 

  3180. <p><span class="font5">fan</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3181. 

  3181. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3182. 

  3182. <p><span class="font5">cooked rice&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3183. 

  3183. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3184. 

  3184. <p><span class="font5">In</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3185. 

  3185. <p><span class="font5">&quot;fj 1 1”</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3186. 

  3186. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3187. 

  3187. <p><span class="font5">These Initials</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3188. 

  3188. <p><span class="font5">are</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3189. 

  3189. <p><span class="font5">never fo11 owed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3190. 

  3190. <p><span class="font5">by</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3191. 

  3191. <p><span class="font5">the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3192. 

  3192. <p><span class="font5">med I a 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3193. 

  3193. <p><span class="font5">/u/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3194. 

  3194. <p><span class="font5">or by</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3195. 

  3195. <p><span class="font5">the</span></p></td></tr>
    3196. 

  3196. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3197. 

  3197. <p><span class="font5">vowel or medial</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3198. 

  3198. <p><span class="font5">/ÍI/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3199. 

  3199. <p><span class="font5">. Additionally</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3200. 

  3200. <p><span class="font5"><sub>t</sub> /f/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3201. 

  3201. <p><span class="font5">is never</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3202. 

  3202. <p><span class="font5">fo11 owed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3203. 

  3203. <p><span class="font5">by the.</span></p></td></tr>
    3204. 

  3204. </table>
    3205. 

  3205. <p><span class="font5">vowel or medial /!/. (See Display IV.)</span></p>
    3206. 

  3206. <p><span class="font5">B. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Initials n, d, t, I (Alveolar)</span></p>
    3207. 

  3207. <table border="1">
    3208. 

  3208. <tr><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3209. 

  3209. <p><span class="font5">These are pronounced in the positions suggested</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3210. 

  3210. <p><span class="font5">by the</span></p></td></tr>
    3211. 

  3211. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3212. 

  3212. <p><span class="font5">1etters. n_à</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3213. 

  3213. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;that&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3214. 

  3214. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3215. 

  3215. <p><span class="font5">I n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3216. 

  3216. <p><span class="font5">&quot;n 1 1&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3217. 

  3217. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3218. 

  3218. <p><span class="font5">dà</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3219. 

  3219. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;big&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3220. 

  3220. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3221. 

  3221. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3222. 

  3222. <p><span class="font5">&quot;dj II,&quot; but</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3223. 

  3223. <p><span class="font5">unvoiced</span></p></td></tr>
    3224. 

  3224. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3225. 

  3225. <p><span class="font5">tff</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3226. 

  3226. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;he&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3227. 

  3227. <p><span class="font5">as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3228. 

  3228. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3229. 

  3229. <p><span class="font5">&quot;til 1 but</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3230. 

  3230. <p><span class="font5">more</span></p></td></tr>
    3231. 

  3231. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3232. 

  3232. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;pul 1&quot;)</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3233. 

  3233. <p><span class="font5">asp 1 rated as In &quot;JJ 1&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3234. 

  3234. </table>
    3235. 

  3235. <div>
    3236. 

  3236. <p><span class="font5">/D/ and / + / are never followed by the vowel or medial / tī /. /N/ and /I/ are the only Initials which may be followed either by the vowel or medial /il/ or by the vowel or medial /□/. (See Display IV.)</span></p>
    3237. 

  3237. </div><br clear="all">
    3238. 

  3238. <div>
    3239. 

  3239. <table border="1">
    3240. 

  3240. <tr><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3241. 

  3241. <p><span class="font5">C, Initials g, k, h (Velar)</span></p></td><td colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3242. 

  3242. <p><span class="font5">positions suggested by the</span></p></td></tr>
    3243. 

  3243. <tr><td colspan="3" rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3244. 

  3244. <p><span class="font5">These are Ietters.</span></p>
    3245. 

  3245. <p><span class="font5">s&gt; kà</span></p>
    3246. 

  3246. <p><span class="font5">há</span></p>
    3247. 

  3247. <p><span class="font5">These Initials</span></p></td><td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3248. 

  3248. <p><span class="font5">pronounced In the</span></p>
    3249. 

  3249. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;piece<sup>1</sup>')</span></p>
    3250. 

  3250. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;1esson&quot;)</span></p>
    3251. 

  3251. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;with&quot;)</span></p>
    3252. 

  3252. <p><span class="font5">are never followed</span></p>
    3253. 

  3253. <p><span class="font5">Display IV.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3254. 

  3254. <tr><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3255. 

  3255. <p><span class="font5">as as as by</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3256. 

  3256. <p><span class="font5">1 n &quot;£Ì II,” but unvo1ced in &quot;Iklll,&quot; but more aspirated</span></p>
    3257. 

  3257. <p><span class="font5">1 n &quot;hj II,&quot; but harsher</span></p></td></tr>
    3258. 

  3258. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3259. 

  3259. <p><span class="font5">the</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3260. 

  3260. <p><span class="font5">vowels and</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3261. 

  3261. <p><span class="font5">med lais /1 /</span></p></td></tr>
    3262. 

  3262. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3263. 

  3263. <p><span class="font5">and</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3264. 

  3264. <p><span class="font5">/u/,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3265. 

  3265. <p><span class="font5">(See</span></p></td></tr>
    3266. 

  3266. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3267. 

  3267. <p><span class="font5">D. Initials z, c, s (Dental</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3268. 

  3268. <p><span class="font5">/5/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3269. 

  3269. <p><span class="font5">Position)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3270. 

  3270. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3271. 

  3271. <p><span class="font5">To</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3272. 

  3272. <p><span class="font5">These are</span></p>
    3273. 

  3273. <p><span class="font5">Z3ng CSng</span></p>
    3274. 

  3274. <p><span class="font5">SSng an English</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3275. 

  3275. <p><span class="font5">pronounced as Indicated by (surname) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;</span></p>
    3276. 

  3276. <p><span class="font5">(surname) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as in&quot;</span></p>
    3277. 

  3277. <p><span class="font5">(surname) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as in&quot;</span></p>
    3278. 

  3278. <p><span class="font5">speaker, the spelling z Is</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3279. 

  3279. <p><span class="font5">the English equivalents, beds,&quot; but unvoiced bets,&quot; but more aspirated Bess,&quot; but stronger only suggestive, and</span></p></td></tr>
    3280. 

  3280. </table>
    3281. 

  3281. </div><br clear="all">
    3282. 

  3282. <div>
    3283. 

  3283. <p><span class="font5">the spelling c Is quite arbitrary. LJke the velars (/g/, </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">/k/, /h/ì<sub>t</sub></span><span class="font5"> these Initials are never followed by the vowels and medials /I/ and /(I/, (Display IV)</span></p>
    3284. 

  3284. <p><span class="font5">As mentioned previously, the letter J_ after these /s/-posltlon sounds stands for a vowel with the tongue as close as possible to the /s/ position.</span></p>
    3285. 

  3285. </div><br clear="all">
    3286. 

  3286. <div>
    3287. 

  3287. <p><span class="font5">E. &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">!n111 a Is zh, ch, sh, r (Retroflex, or /r/ Position)</span></p>
    3288. 

  3288. <p><span class="font0" style="font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:line-through;">IBljTZZJ</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SBH &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'</span></p>
    3289. 

  3289. <p><span class="font5">These are pronounced as Indicated by the English equivalents, but with the tongue strongly curled back towards the position for /r/.</span></p>
    3290. 

  3290. </div><br clear="all">
    3291. 

  3291. <div>
    3292. 

  3292. <table border="1">
    3293. 

  3293. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3294. 

  3294. <p><span class="font5">ZhSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3295. 

  3295. <p><span class="font5">(surname)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3296. 

  3296. <p><span class="font5">as in &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but unvoiced</span></p></td></tr>
    3297. 

  3297. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3298. 

  3298. <p><span class="font5">ChSng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3299. 

  3299. <p><span class="font5">(su rname)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3300. 

  3300. <p><span class="font5">as Tn &quot;chaw,&quot; but more a sp1rāTed</span></p></td></tr>
    3301. 

  3301. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3302. 

  3302. <p><span class="font5">Shīng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3303. 

  3303. <p><span class="font5">(su rname)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3304. 

  3304. <p><span class="font5">as In &quot;Shaw&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    3305. 

  3305. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3306. 

  3306. <p><span class="font5">rang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3307. 

  3307. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;al low&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3308. 

  3308. <p><span class="font5">as in &quot;raw”</span></p></td></tr>
    3309. 

  3309. </table>
    3310. 

  3310. </div><br clear="all">
    3311. 

  3311. <p><span class="font5">Like the velars (ZgZ, </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">I'fJ, </span><span class="font5">ZhZ) and dentals </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">(hi, /cf,</span><span class="font5"> Zs/), these Initials are never followed by the vowels and medlals ZIZ and ZUZ. (Display IV)</span></p>
    3312. 

  3312. <p><span class="font5">Some speakers pronounce ZrZ with a certain amount of friction so that it Is somewhat like the ZsZ sound In &quot;measure.&quot; Notice that the unfamiliar zh spelling Is only suggestTve. The letter h_ after a consonant Tn’dlcates a pronunciation In the ZrZ pos111 on,</span></p>
    3313. 

  3313. <p><span class="font5">As mentioned previously, the letter I after these ZrZ-position sounds stands for a vowel which Ts a prolonged ZrZ.</span></p>
    3314. 

  3314. <div>
    3315. 

  3315. <p><span class="font5">sted</span></p>
    3316. 

  3316. <p><span class="font4" style="font-style:italic;">f</span></p>
    3317. 

  3317. </div><br clear="all">
    3318. 

  3318. <p><span class="font5">F. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Initials j, q, * (Palatal, or ZIZ Position</span><span class="font5">)</span></p>
    3319. 

  3319. <p><span class="font5">These are pronounced as indicated by the English equivalents, but with the tongue pushed forward towards the position for ZI Z.</span></p>
    3320. 

  3320. <div>
    3321. 

  3321. <p><span class="font5">its .</span></p>
    3322. 

  3322. <p><span class="font5">&gt;ted</span></p>
    3323. 

  3323. <p><span class="font5">I S</span></p>
    3324. 

  3324. </div><br clear="all">
    3325. 

  3325. <div>
    3326. 

  3326. <table border="1">
    3327. 

  3327. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3328. 

  3328. <p><span class="font5">JJ 5ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3329. 

  3329. <p><span class="font5">(surname)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3330. 

  3330. <p><span class="font5">as tn ''Jeep,’<sup>1</sup> but unvoiced</span></p></td></tr>
    3331. 

  3331. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3332. 

  3332. <p><span class="font5">SJáng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3333. 

  3333. <p><span class="font5">(surname)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3334. 

  3334. <p><span class="font5">as In ’’cheap,<sup>1</sup>’ but more asp 1raTed</span></p></td></tr>
    3335. 

  3335. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3336. 

  3336. <p><span class="font5">XISng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3337. 

  3337. <p><span class="font5">(surname)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3338. 

  3338. <p><span class="font5">between the ZshZ of ’’sheep” and the ZsZ of &quot;£ee'p<sup>Tr</sup></span></p></td></tr>
    3339. 

  3339. </table>
    3340. 

  3340. <p><span class="font5">The palatals are followed only by the vowels and medlals ZIZ and ZUZ. (See Display IV,} Pay particular attention to the spellings £ and x, since they are quite arbitrary to speakers of English.</span></p>
    3341. 

  3341. </div><br clear="all">
    3342. 

  3342. <p><span class="font5">With the palatals, this survey of the consonants Is completed. Let’s summarize the relationship between groups of consonants and the different sound values of the letter I:</span></p>
    3343. 

  3343. <div>
    3344. 

  3344. <p><span class="font5">ts.</span></p>
    3345. 

  3345. </div><br clear="all">
    3346. 

  3346. <div>
    3347. 

  3347. <table border="1">
    3348. 

  3348. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3349. 

  3349. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">AFTER</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3350. 

  3350. <p><span class="font5">WHICH ARE PRO-NOUNCED WITH </span><span class="font8" style="font-variant:small-caps;text-decoration:underline;">The tongue</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3351. 

  3351. <p><span class="font5">ZIZ IS PRONOUNCED</span></p>
    3352. 

  3352. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">W&quot;íTH_ TP’R-CTE'</span><span class="font5">'</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3353. 

  3353. <p><span class="font5">AS IN THE </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">SURNAME</span></p></td></tr>
    3354. 

  3354. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3355. 

  3355. <p><span class="font5">ZzZ. ZcZ, / sZ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3356. 

  3356. <p><span class="font5">In the ZsZ pos111 on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3357. 

  3357. <p><span class="font5">close to the ZsZ pos it Ion</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3358. 

  3358. <p><span class="font5">ST</span></p></td></tr>
    3359. 

  3359. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3360. 

  3360. <p><span class="font5">ZzhZ, ZchZ, ZshZ, £</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3361. 

  3361. <p><span class="font5">close to the ZrZ position</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3362. 

  3362. <p><span class="font5">In the ZrZ pos111 on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3363. 

  3363. <p><span class="font5">ShT</span></p></td></tr>
    3364. 

  3364. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3365. 

  3365. <p><span class="font5">any other Initial , 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3366. 

  3366. <p><span class="font5">In any other pos111 on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3367. 

  3367. <p><span class="font5">In the ”standard&quot; ZIZ pos111 on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3368. 

  3368. <p><span class="font5">XT</span></p></td></tr>
    3369. 

  3369. </table>
    3370. 

  3370. </div><br clear="all">
    3371. 

  3371. <h3><a name="bookmark17"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark64"></a>SENTENCE INTONATION</span></h3>
    3372. 

  3372. <p><span class="font5">In the previous discussion of different levels of syllable stress and their effect on the pitch patterns of the tones, you were concerned only with words pronounced In isolation, as If read from a 1 1st, Usual Iy» of course, words are strung together in utterances. Then, the rules of relative stress apply over longer unInterrupted stretches which have a generally speeded-up tempo end narrowed, lowered pitch range.</span></p>
    3373. 

  3373. <p><span class="font5">In the following example, notice the shrinkage of the pitch patterns and the overall lowering. The surname and given name together have the stress pattern of a single word--wlth normal stress on the first syllable, lighter stress on the middle syllable, and heavier stress on the last syllable.</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-22.jpg" alt="" style="width:226pt;height:80pt;">
    3374. 

  3374. <p><span class="font5">In addition to these automatic effects of stringing words together, deliberate effects of sentence intonation single out for attention particular parts of a sentence or Indicate how a whole sentence is to be understood.</span></p>
    3375. 

  3375. <p><span class="font5">Normally, a surname will carry more information than a following title and, thus, will be given greater emphasis by heavier stress.</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-23.jpg" alt="" style="width:214pt;height:84pt;">
    3376. 

  3376. <p><span class="font5">’he subordinate status of the title Is shown by the fact that It is often pronounced with no full tone.</span></p>
    3377. 

  3377. <div>
    3378. 

  3378. <p><span class="font4" style="font-weight:bold;">B</span></p>
    3379. 

  3379. <p><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">J</span></p>
    3380. 

  3380. <p><span class="font5">er</span></p>
    3381. 

  3381. <p><span class="font5">JP</span></p>
    3382. 

  3382. <p><span class="font5">:h</span></p>
    3383. 

  3383. </div><br clear="all"><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-24.jpg" alt="" style="width:173pt;height:64pt;">
    3384. 

  3384. <p><span class="font5">T5 shI Hú Xiáo- -Jle.</span></p>
    3385. 

  3385. <p><span class="font5">More generally, the key word or phrase In any sentence may be emphasized by heavy stress.</span></p>
    3386. 

  3386. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-25.jpg" alt="" style="width:249pt;height:96pt;">
    3387. 

  3387. </div><br clear="all">
    3388. 

  3388. <p><span class="font5">Here, the stress on the negative marker </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bjj</span><span class="font5"> emphaslzes to someone that he is wrong to think that he has Identified Miss Hú.</span></p>
    3389. 

  3389. <p><span class="font5">With the exception of words that are emphasized, words in rapid normal speech may seem to have lost the tones you are working so hard to learn. But don’t feel cheated. In the first place, the words are seldom really monotone; there Is probably something there to hear. (When you are doing the talking, it Is better to risk being overly precise, since only the fluent speaker has the right to mumble.) In the second place, these words are going to be emphasized sometimes, and then you can't fudge.</span></p>
    3390. 

  3390. <p><span class="font5">The use of stress to single out for attention particular parts of sentences Is basically the same In Chinese and English. The only major difference to keep In mind Is that in Chinese stress exaggerates the pitch pattern of a tone. Stress does not give the syllable a falling pitch pattern, as Tn English. Be careful not to turn your stressed Chinese syI IabIes~Into Fallingtone syllables.</span></p>
    3391. 

  3391. <p><span class="font5">There is considerably more difference between Chinese and English In the use of Intonation patterns to indicate how whole sentences are to be understood. In English, intonation patterns are most noticeable at the ends of sentences. The typical pattern Is a drop at the end of the sentence, used for most statements and for most questions with question words like &quot;who&quot; or ” w h a t. ”</span></p>
    3392. 

  3392. <p><span class="font5">I'm Denial KI ng.</span></p>
    3393. 

  3393. <p><span class="font5">Who are you? %</span></p>
    3394. 

  3394. <p><span class="font5">The most common exception to this typical pattern In English is a rise at the end of the sentence, used for most questions that can be answered &quot;yes’* or &quot;no.”</span></p>
    3395. 

  3395. <p><span class="font5">Are you Mr. KlngT^Z</span></p>
    3396. 

  3396. <p><span class="font5">You're Mr. King? </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">f</span></p>
    3397. 

  3397. <p><span class="font5">Who am. I?/ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(meaning &quot;You're asking</span></p>
    3398. 

  3398. <p><span class="font5">who I am?&quot;)</span></p>
    3399. 

  3399. <p><span class="font5">in the lest two examples, only the rising intonation shows thet these are &quot;echo questions<sup>11</sup> calling for yes/no answers.</span></p>
    3400. 

  3400. <p><span class="font5">In Chinese, the typical Intonation pattern—the pattern for most statements--1s the one we have already presented; the sequence of tones, modified by stress, with a faster tempo and a narrower, lower pitch range than for words in Isolation.</span></p>
    3401. 

  3401. <p><span class="font5">You will have to fight your natural tendency as a speaker of English to end statements with a drop In pitch. A High tone remains a High tone; a Rising tone remains a Rising tone; and a Low tone, with Its rising tall, remains a Low tone, even at the end of a statement. Do not change them Into Falling tones.</span></p>
    3402. 

  3402. <p><span class="font5">The most common exception to this typical Chinese Intonation pattern Is a slightly raised sequence of tones, used for most questions. Unlike the English rising Intonation, the Chinese raised Intonation produces hIgher-than-normeI pitch throughout the sentence and is used for questions with question words, as well as for yes/no questions.</span></p>
    3403. 

  3403. <p><span class="font5">In the following two sentences, only the difference between raised Intonation and normal Intonation signals that the first Is a yes/no question and the second a statement.</span></p>
    3404. 

  3404. <div>
    3405. 

  3405. <p><span class="font5">and who I ō t terns</span></p>
    3406. 

  3406. <p><span class="font5">pat-ta+e~</span></p>
    3407. 

  3407. </div><br clear="all">
    3408. 

  3408. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-26.jpg" alt="" style="width:83pt;height:57pt;">
    3409. 

  3409. </div><br clear="all">
    3410. 

  3410. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-27.jpg" alt="" style="width:83pt;height:51pt;">
    3411. 

  3411. </div><br clear="all">
    3412. 

  3412. <div>
    3413. 

  3413. <p><span class="font5">NT hSo? (You’re fine?}</span></p>
    3414. 

  3414. </div><br clear="all">
    3415. 

  3415. <div>
    3416. 

  3416. <p><span class="font5">W&amp; h S o -(Pm fine.)</span></p>
    3417. 

  3417. </div><br clear="all">
    3418. 

  3418. <div>
    3419. 

  3419. <p><span class="font5">EngiIsh :rs</span></p>
    3420. 

  3420. </div><br clear="all">
    3421. 

  3421. <p><span class="font5">Now Jet’s compare the Intonation of a question-word question with Its answer:</span></p>
    3422. 

  3422. <div>
    3423. 

  3423. <p><span class="font5">asking that</span></p>
    3424. 

  3424. </div><br clear="all">
    3425. 

  3425. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-28.jpg" alt="" style="width:149pt;height:57pt;">
    3426. 

  3426. </div><br clear="all">
    3427. 

  3427. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-29.jpg" alt="" style="width:152pt;height:58pt;">
    3428. 

  3428. </div><br clear="all">
    3429. 

  3429. <div>
    3430. 

  3430. <p><span class="font5">NT shī nělguo rén?</span></p>
    3431. 

  3431. <p><span class="font5">(What’s your nationality?)</span></p>
    3432. 

  3432. </div><br clear="all">
    3433. 

  3433. <div>
    3434. 

  3434. <p><span class="font5">Wò shl Máíguo rén. (I<sup>T</sup>m an Amar!can.)</span></p>
    3435. 

  3435. </div><br clear="all">
    3436. 

  3436. <div>
    3437. 

  3437. <p><span class="font5">■n for</span></p>
    3438. 

  3438. <p><span class="font5">।</span></p>
    3439. 

  3439. <p><span class="font5">and</span></p>
    3440. 

  3440. </div><br clear="all">
    3441. 

  3441. <div>
    3442. 

  3442. <p><span class="font5">ikar tone</span></p>
    3443. 

  3443. <p><span class="font5">ind a the</span></p>
    3444. 

  3444. </div><br clear="all">
    3445. 

  3445. <div>
    3446. 

  3446. <p><span class="font5">Another Chinese intonation pattern lowers the pitch throughout the sentence# often giving the voice s breathy quality rather like a sigh. This pattern Is used for '’echo questions#<sup>1</sup>’ which are used to verify what has been said. Let’s compare a normal question (raised Intonation) and an ’'echo question’<sup>1</sup> (lowered IntonatIon):</span></p>
    3447. 

  3447. </div><br clear="all">
    3448. 

  3448. <div>
    3449. 

  3449. <p><span class="font5">ma-or</span></p>
    3450. 

  3450. </div><br clear="all">
    3451. 

  3451. <div>
    3452. 

  3452. <p><span class="font6">:tǐon</span></p>
    3453. 

  3453. </div><br clear="all">
    3454. 

  3454. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-30.jpg" alt="" style="width:339pt;height:54pt;">
    3455. 

  3455. </div><br clear="all">
    3456. 

  3456. <div>
    3457. 

  3457. <p><span class="font5">ftwasn rst</span></p>
    3458. 

  3458. </div><br clear="all">
    3459. 

  3459. <div>
    3460. 

  3460. <p><span class="font5">NT xīng Wáng ma?</span></p>
    3461. 

  3461. <p><span class="font5">(Is your surname Wang?)</span></p>
    3462. 

  3462. </div><br clear="all">
    3463. 

  3463. <div>
    3464. 

  3464. <p><span class="font5">NT xl ng Wing a?</span></p>
    3465. 

  3465. <p><span class="font5">([You say) your surname Is</span></p>
    3466. 

  3466. <p><span class="font5">King?)</span></p>
    3467. 

  3467. </div><br clear="all">
    3468. 

  3468. <p><span class="font5">In discussing these three Chinese Intonation patterns, the point has repeatedly been made that they affect the general pitch level of the whole sentence. However, there are noticeable intonations! features at the ends of sentences. These are particularly noticeable when the last syllable Is In the Neutral tone. In fact, the marker a has no real meaning or grammatical function of Its own, merely serving as a carrier of various final pitch contours which affect meaning. There are also cases where a final syllable with full tone Is extended to carry one of these final pitch contours,</span></p>
    3469. 

  3469. <p><span class="font5">Together with Interjections and the various pause markers which punctuate sentences, these Intonatlonal devices provide much of ths expressiveness of Chinese speech. Keep listening for them.</span></p>
    3470. 

  3470. <div>
    3471. 

  3471. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">APPENDIX I: LIST OF INITIALS</span></p>
    3472. 

  3472. </div><br clear="all">
    3473. 

  3473. <div>
    3474. 

  3474. <p><span class="font5">the p í tch i n-tl -tone . ct I on ch</span></p>
    3475. 

  3475. <p><span class="font5">sse</span></p>
    3476. 

  3476. </div><br clear="all">
    3477. 

  3477. <div>
    3478. 

  3478. <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">'S</span></p>
    3479. 

  3479. <p><span class="font2" style="font-weight:bold;">3</span></p>
    3480. 

  3480. <p><span class="font5">J</span></p>
    3481. 

  3481. </div><br clear="all">
    3482. 

  3482. <div>
    3483. 

  3483. <p><span class="font5">PTnyTn</span></p>
    3484. 

  3484. <table border="1">
    3485. 

  3485. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3486. 

  3486. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Roma n 1 z a 11 o n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3487. 

  3487. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Nearest English Equivalent</span></p></td></tr>
    3488. 

  3488. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3489. 

  3489. <p><span class="font5">b</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3490. 

  3490. <p><span class="font5">&quot;b_i |l,<sup>lf</sup> but unvoiced</span></p></td></tr>
    3491. 

  3491. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3492. 

  3492. <p><span class="font5">c</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3493. 

  3493. <p><span class="font5">&quot;bets,&quot; but more aspirated</span></p></td></tr>
    3494. 

  3494. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3495. 

  3495. <p><span class="font5">ch</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3496. 

  3496. <p><span class="font5"><sup>M</sup>chaw,&quot; but more aspirated and In ZrZ position</span></p></td></tr>
    3497. 

  3497. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3498. 

  3498. <p><span class="font5">d</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3499. 

  3499. <p><span class="font5">&quot;dj i 1 , &quot;&nbsp;but unvo 1 ced</span></p></td></tr>
    3500. 

  3500. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3501. 

  3501. <p><span class="font5">f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3502. 

  3502. <p><span class="font5">&quot;fl 1 1 &quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    3503. 

  3503. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3504. 

  3504. <p><span class="font5">g</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3505. 

  3505. <p><span class="font5"><sup>T,</sup>£l II,&quot; but unvo 1 ced</span></p></td></tr>
    3506. 

  3506. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3507. 

  3507. <p><span class="font5">h</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3508. 

  3508. <p><span class="font5">&quot;M II,&quot; but harsher</span></p></td></tr>
    3509. 

  3509. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3510. 

  3510. <p><span class="font5">J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3511. 

  3511. <p><span class="font5">&quot;J_eep,&quot; but unvoiced and in /I / position</span></p></td></tr>
    3512. 

  3512. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3513. 

  3513. <p><span class="font5">k</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3514. 

  3514. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Mil,&quot; but more aspirated</span></p></td></tr>
    3515. 

  3515. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3516. 

  3516. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3517. 

  3517. <p><span class="font5">&quot;LI 1”</span></p></td></tr>
    3518. 

  3518. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3519. 

  3519. <p><span class="font5">m</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3520. 

  3520. <p><span class="font5">&quot;ml 1 1&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    3521. 

  3521. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3522. 

  3522. <p><span class="font5">n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3523. 

  3523. <p><span class="font5">&quot;nJ 1&quot;</span></p></td></tr>
    3524. 

  3524. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3525. 

  3525. <p><span class="font5">P</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3526. 

  3526. <p><span class="font5">&quot;2J 11,&quot; but more aspirated</span></p></td></tr>
    3527. 

  3527. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3528. 

  3528. <p><span class="font5">q</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3529. 

  3529. <p><span class="font5">&quot;cheap,&quot; but more aspirated and In ZIZ position</span></p></td></tr>
    3530. 

  3530. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3531. 

  3531. <p><span class="font5">r</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3532. 

  3532. <p><span class="font5">&quot;raw,&quot; but with tongue curled back more</span></p></td></tr>
    3533. 

  3533. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3534. 

  3534. <p><span class="font5">s ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3535. 

  3535. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Bess,&quot; but stronger</span></p></td></tr>
    3536. 

  3536. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3537. 

  3537. <p><span class="font5">sh</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3538. 

  3538. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Shaw,&quot; but In ZrZ position</span></p></td></tr>
    3539. 

  3539. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3540. 

  3540. <p><span class="font5">t</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3541. 

  3541. <p><span class="font5">&quot;till,&quot; but more aspirated</span></p></td></tr>
    3542. 

  3542. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3543. 

  3543. <p><span class="font5">w</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3544. 

  3544. <p><span class="font5">(See Appendix 11, List of Finals.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3545. 

  3545. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3546. 

  3546. <p><span class="font5">X</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3547. 

  3547. <p><span class="font5">between the ZshZ of &quot;sheep&quot; and the ZsZ of &quot;seep,&quot; but in ZIZ posT+lon</span></p></td></tr>
    3548. 

  3548. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3549. 

  3549. <p><span class="font5">y</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3550. 

  3550. <p><span class="font5">(See Appendix II, List of Finals.)</span></p></td></tr>
    3551. 

  3551. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3552. 

  3552. <p><span class="font5">z</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3553. 

  3553. <p><span class="font5">&quot;beds,&quot; but unvoiced</span></p></td></tr>
    3554. 

  3554. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3555. 

  3555. <p><span class="font5">zh</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3556. 

  3556. <p><span class="font5">&quot;j_aw,&quot; but unvoiced and In ZrZ position</span></p></td></tr>
    3557. 

  3557. </table>
    3558. 

  3558. </div><br clear="all">
    3559. 

  3559. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">APPENDIX 11: LIST OF FINALS</span></p>
    3560. 

  3560. <table border="1">
    3561. 

  3561. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3562. 

  3562. <p><span class="font5">PTnyTn</span></p>
    3563. 

  3563. <p><span class="font5">Roman 1zat1 on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3564. 

  3564. <p><span class="font5">Nearest English Equivalent</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3565. 

  3565. <p><span class="font5">Spelling w 1 thout 1 n : t_i_a i</span></p></td></tr>
    3566. 

  3566. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3567. 

  3567. <p><span class="font5">a</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3568. 

  3568. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Ma&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3569. 

  3569. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3570. 

  3570. <p><span class="font5">a 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3571. 

  3571. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Shangha1,&quot; &quot;h </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1 gh</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3572. 

  3572. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3573. 

  3573. <p><span class="font5">an</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3574. 

  3574. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Qatar 1 o&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3575. 

  3575. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3576. 

  3576. <p><span class="font5">ang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3577. 

  3577. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Ma_&quot; + /ng/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3578. 

  3578. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3579. 

  3579. <p><span class="font5">ao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3580. 

  3580. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Mao Tse-tung,&quot; &quot;mouth&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3581. 

  3581. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3582. 

  3582. <p><span class="font5">ar</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3583. 

  3583. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Narc1 ssus&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3584. 

  3584. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3585. 

  3585. <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3586. 

  3586. <p><span class="font5">’’Adeline&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3587. 

  3587. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3588. 

  3588. <p><span class="font5">el</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3589. 

  3589. <p><span class="font5">&quot;lei,&quot; &quot;s 1 </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">e 1 gh</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3590. 

  3590. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3591. 

  3591. <p><span class="font5">en</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3592. 

  3592. <p><span class="font5">&quot;fun,&quot; &quot;ch 1 ckan&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3593. 

  3593. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3594. 

  3594. <p><span class="font5">eng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3595. 

  3595. <p><span class="font5">&quot;lung&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3596. 

  3596. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3597. 

  3597. <p><span class="font5">er</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3598. 

  3598. <p><span class="font5">&quot;ermlne&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3599. 

  3599. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3600. 

  3600. <p><span class="font5">1 (after £, £, c)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3601. 

  3601. <p><span class="font5">&quot;JJ_st&quot; (/s/ position)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3602. 

  3602. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3603. 

  3603. <p><span class="font5">(after r, zh, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ch</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sh</span><span class="font5">)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3604. 

  3604. <p><span class="font5">&quot;washer&quot; (/r/ position)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3605. 

  3605. <p><span class="font5">r 1</span></p></td></tr>
    3606. 

  3606. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3607. 

  3607. <p><span class="font5">(elsewhere)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3608. 

  3608. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Bl kin P'</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3609. 

  3609. <p><span class="font5">yi</span></p></td></tr>
    3610. 

  3610. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3611. 

  3611. <p><span class="font5">la</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3612. 

  3612. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Yamaha,&quot; &quot;yahoo,&quot; &quot;yacht&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3613. 

  3613. <p><span class="font5">ya</span></p></td></tr>
    3614. 

  3614. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3615. 

  3615. <p><span class="font5">1 an</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3616. 

  3616. <p><span class="font5">&quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yen</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3617. 

  3617. <p><span class="font5">yen</span></p></td></tr>
    3618. 

  3618. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3619. 

  3619. <p><span class="font5">I ang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3620. 

  3620. <p><span class="font5">/y/ + &quot;Mia&quot; + /ng/, &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yon</span><span class="font5">kers&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3621. 

  3621. <p><span class="font5">yang</span></p></td></tr>
    3622. 

  3622. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3623. 

  3623. <p><span class="font5">1 ao</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3624. 

  3624. <p><span class="font5">&quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yow</span><span class="font5"> 1'&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3625. 

  3625. <p><span class="font5">y ao</span></p></td></tr>
    3626. 

  3626. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3627. 

  3627. <p><span class="font5">1 e</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3628. 

  3628. <p><span class="font5">&quot;ye 11ow”</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3629. 

  3629. <p><span class="font5">ye</span></p></td></tr>
    3630. 

  3630. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3631. 

  3631. <p><span class="font5">1 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3632. 

  3632. <p><span class="font5">&quot;mean&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3633. 

  3633. <p><span class="font5">y 1 n</span></p></td></tr>
    3634. 

  3634. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3635. 

  3635. <p><span class="font5">1 ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3636. 

  3636. <p><span class="font5">&quot;arnhio&quot; + /ng/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3637. 

  3637. <p><span class="font5">y Ing</span></p></td></tr>
    3638. 

  3638. </table>
    3639. 

  3639. <p><span class="font5">*</span></p>
    3640. 

  3640. <table border="1">
    3641. 

  3641. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3642. 

  3642. <p><span class="font5">PTnyTn Roman Izat i on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3643. 

  3643. <p><span class="font5">Nearest English Equivalent</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3644. 

  3644. <p><span class="font5">Spe Hing w 1 thout Initial</span></p></td></tr>
    3645. 

  3645. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3646. 

  3646. <p><span class="font5">I ong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3647. 

  3647. <p><span class="font5">/y/ + &quot;woman&quot; + /ng/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3648. 

  3648. <p><span class="font5">yong</span></p></td></tr>
    3649. 

  3649. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3650. 

  3650. <p><span class="font5">lu</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3651. 

  3651. <p><span class="font5">&quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yeo</span><span class="font5">man&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3652. 

  3652. <p><span class="font5">you</span></p></td></tr>
    3653. 

  3653. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3654. 

  3654. <p><span class="font3" style="font-weight:bold;">0<a name="footnote10"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark65">10</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3655. 

  3655. <p><span class="font5">&quot;wa 1 1&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3656. 

  3656. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3657. 

  3657. <p><span class="font5">ong</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3658. 

  3658. <p><span class="font5">&quot;woman&quot; + /ng/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3659. 

  3659. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3660. 

  3660. <p><span class="font5">ou</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3661. 

  3661. <p><span class="font5">&quot;soul&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3662. 

  3662. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3663. 

  3663. <p><span class="font5">4<a name="footnote11"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark66">11</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3664. 

  3664. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Budapest&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3665. 

  3665. <p><span class="font5">wu</span></p></td></tr>
    3666. 

  3666. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3667. 

  3667. <p><span class="font5">ua</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3668. 

  3668. <p><span class="font5">&quot;quaj fty&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3669. 

  3669. <p><span class="font5">wa</span></p></td></tr>
    3670. 

  3670. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3671. 

  3671. <p><span class="font5">ua 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3672. 

  3672. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Waikiki&quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">why</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3673. 

  3673. <p><span class="font5">wa 1</span></p></td></tr>
    3674. 

  3674. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3675. 

  3675. <p><span class="font5">uan<sup><a href="#bookmark66">11</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3676. 

  3676. <p><span class="font5">&quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">quant</span><span class="font5"> 11y,&quot; &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">J uan</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3677. 

  3677. <p><span class="font5">wan</span></p></td></tr>
    3678. 

  3678. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3679. 

  3679. <p><span class="font5">uang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3680. 

  3680. <p><span class="font5">&quot;W</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ong</span><span class="font5">&quot;quality&quot; + /ng/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3681. 

  3681. <p><span class="font5">wang</span></p></td></tr>
    3682. 

  3682. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3683. 

  3683. <p><span class="font5">u 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3684. 

  3684. <p><span class="font5">&quot;w</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">e 1 g_h</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3685. 

  3685. <p><span class="font5">wel</span></p></td></tr>
    3686. 

  3686. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3687. 

  3687. <p><span class="font5">un<sup><a href="#bookmark66">11</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3688. 

  3688. <p><span class="font5">&quot;O</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wen</span><span class="font5">,&quot; &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">won</span><span class="font5">&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3689. 

  3689. <p><span class="font5">wen</span></p></td></tr>
    3690. 

  3690. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3691. 

  3691. <p><span class="font5">uo</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3692. 

  3692. <p><span class="font5">&quot;wall’<sup>1</sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3693. 

  3693. <p><span class="font5">wo</span></p></td></tr>
    3694. 

  3694. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3695. 

  3695. <p><span class="font5">d<sup><a href="#bookmark66">11</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3696. 

  3696. <p><span class="font5">íno English equivalent; pronounced with the tongue in the /I/ position and the lips In the /u/ position, simultaneous 1 y. )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3697. 

  3697. <p><span class="font5">yti</span></p></td></tr>
    3698. 

  3698. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3699. 

  3699. <p><span class="font5">Uan<sup><a href="#bookmark66">11</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3700. 

  3700. <p><span class="font5">/U/ + &quot;Ontario&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3701. 

  3701. <p><span class="font5">yUan</span></p></td></tr>
    3702. 

  3702. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3703. 

  3703. <p><span class="font5">Ue<sup><a href="#bookmark66">11</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3704. 

  3704. <p><span class="font5">/ ùl / + &quot;h^n&quot;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3705. 

  3705. <p><span class="font5">y Ue</span></p></td></tr>
    3706. 

  3706. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3707. 

  3707. <p><span class="font5">Un<sup><a href="#bookmark66">11</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3708. 

  3708. <p><span class="font5">/U/ + /n/</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3709. 

  3709. <p><span class="font5">y[fn</span></p></td></tr>
    3710. 

  3710. </table>
    3711. 

  3711. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">NUMBERS (NUM)</span></p>
    3712. 

  3712. <h3><a name="bookmark67"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark68"></a>INTRODUCTION</span></h3>
    3713. 

  3713. <p><span class="font5">The ability to use the Chinese number system may be one of ths most useful skills you will acquire during this course. The Numbers resource module Introduces the Chinese numbers from zero through 99,999 and ordinal numbers.</span></p>
    3714. 

  3714. <p><span class="font5">The essential part of this module consists of the Numbers (NUM) tapes and the accompanying displays and exercises In the workbook section of this module. The workbook text Is followed by a summary section.</span></p>
    3715. 

  3715. <p><span class="font5">You should work through at least the first four tapes, which Introduce the numbers up to 100, while you are studying the Orientation Module. These tapes Include some work on pronunciation. Working with numbers offers an excellent opportunity to build up fluency and accuracy of pronunciation without having to learn a lot of new vocabulary.</span></p>
    3716. 

  3716. <p><span class="font5">NUM tapes 5 and 6 are Intended to be used with the second half of the Money Module, where higher numbers are used in banking situations. However, because tapes for the resource modules are as self-contained as possible, you may use them at any time with a minimum of reference to other components of the course.</span></p>
    3717. 

  3717. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 1 WORKBOOK (NUMBERS 1-6)</span></p>
    3718. 

  3718. <h4><a name="bookmark69"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark70"></a>DISPLAY I</span></h4>
    3719. 

  3719. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3720. 

  3720. <p><a href="#bookmark71"><span class="font5">I &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4</span></a></p></li></ul>
    3721. 

  3721. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3722. 

  3722. <p><span class="font5">2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;èr &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5</span></p></li></ul>
    3723. 

  3723. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3724. 

  3724. <p><span class="font5">3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s3n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6</span></p></li></ul>
    3725. 

  3725. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ExercI so I</span></p>
    3726. 

  3726. <p><a href="#bookmark72"><span class="font8" style="font-variant:small-caps;">a.</span><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">____ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.____</span></a></p>
    3727. 

  3727. <p><a href="#bookmark73"><span class="font5">1324 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4132</span></a></p>
    3728. 

  3728. <p><a href="#bookmark74"><span class="font5">D.</span></a></p>
    3729. 

  3729. <p><span class="font5">4 3 12 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3 2 14</span></p>
    3730. 

  3730. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
    3731. 

  3731. <p><span class="font5">A. 1243 B. 3421 C. 1324 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0. &nbsp;4132 E. 2431</span></p>
    3732. 

  3732. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
    3733. 

  3733. <p><a href="#bookmark75"><span class="font5">A.____ 3.</span></a></p>
    3734. 

  3734. <p><span class="font5">12 5 6 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3 5 4 6</span></p>
    3735. 

  3735. <p><a href="#bookmark76"><span class="font5">D.</span></a></p>
    3736. 

  3736. <p><a href="#bookmark77"><span class="font5">5246</span></a></p>
    3737. 

  3737. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 4</span></p>
    3738. 

  3738. <div>
    3739. 

  3739. <p><span class="font5">C. 1645 D. 2564</span></p>
    3740. 

  3740. </div><br clear="all">
    3741. 

  3741. <div>
    3742. 

  3742. <p><span class="font5">E. 6135</span></p>
    3743. 

  3743. </div><br clear="all">
    3744. 

  3744. <p><span class="font5">A. 5315 B. 5362</span></p>
    3745. 

  3745. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 2 WORKBOOK (NUMBERS 7-10 and 0)</span></p>
    3746. 

  3746. <h3><a name="bookmark78"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark79"></a>। yr</span></h3>
    3747. 

  3747. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3748. 

  3748. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2</span><span class="font5"> èr</span></p></li>
    3749. 

  3749. <li>
    3750. 

  3750. <p><span class="font5">3 s3n</span></p></li>
    3751. 

  3751. <li>
    3752. 

  3752. <p><span class="font5">4 si</span></p></li>
    3753. 

  3753. <li>
    3754. 

  3754. <p><span class="font5">5 wū</span></p></li></ul>
    3755. 

  3755. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise I</span></p>
    3756. 

  3756. <p><span class="font5">A.____ 8.</span></p>
    3757. 

  3757. <p><span class="font5">5 7 6 8</span></p>
    3758. 

  3758. <p><span class="font5">0. &nbsp;___ E-</span></p>
    3759. 

  3759. <p><span class="font5">4 7 3 8</span></p>
    3760. 

  3760. <p><span class="font5">Exercise</span></p>
    3761. 

  3761. <p><span class="font5">ft. S765 B. 7843</span></p>
    3762. 

  3762. <h4><a name="bookmark80"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark81"></a>DISPLAY 1</span></h4>
    3763. 

  3763. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    3764. 

  3764. <p><span class="font5">6 I líi</span></p></li>
    3765. 

  3765. <li>
    3766. 

  3766. <p><span class="font5">7 qT</span></p></li>
    3767. 

  3767. <li>
    3768. 

  3768. <p><span class="font5">8 bS</span></p></li>
    3769. 

  3769. <li>
    3770. 

  3770. <p><span class="font5">9 J I Ǔ</span></p></li>
    3771. 

  3771. <li>
    3772. 

  3772. <p><span class="font5">IO shí</span></p></li></ul>
    3773. 

  3773. <p><span class="font5">0 I í ng</span></p>
    3774. 

  3774. <p><span class="font5">C. ___</span></p>
    3775. 

  3775. <p><span class="font5">8 7 13 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 7</span></p>
    3776. 

  3776. <p><span class="font5">6 6 7 5</span></p>
    3777. 

  3777. <p><span class="font5">C. 7157 D. 2867 É.</span></p>
    3778. 

  3778. <div>
    3779. 

  3779. <p><span class="font5">5868</span></p>
    3780. 

  3780. </div><br clear="all">
    3781. 

  3781. <table border="1">
    3782. 

  3782. <tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3783. 

  3783. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;">3</span></p>
    3784. 

  3784. <p><span class="font5">A.</span></p>
    3785. 

  3785. <p><span class="font5">7 6 5 6</span></p>
    3786. 

  3786. <p><span class="font5">D.</span></p>
    3787. 

  3787. <p><span class="font5">8 6 4 2</span></p></td><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3788. 

  3788. <p><span class="font5">B.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3789. 

  3789. <p><span class="font5">C.</span></p></td><td colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3790. 

  3790. <p><span class="font0" style="font-weight:bold;">--B —</span></p></td></tr>
    3791. 

  3791. <tr><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3792. 

  3792. <p><span class="font5">E.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3793. 

  3793. <p><span class="font5">1 3 5</span></p></td><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3794. 

  3794. <p><span class="font5">7</span></p>
    3795. 

  3795. <p><span class="font5">7</span></p></td></tr>
    3796. 

  3796. <tr><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3797. 

  3797. <p><span class="font5">4</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3798. 

  3798. <p><span class="font5">3</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3799. 

  3799. <p><span class="font5">8</span></p></td><td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3800. 

  3800. <p><span class="font5">7</span></p></td></tr>
    3801. 

  3801. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3802. 

  3802. <p><span class="font5">7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3803. 

  3803. <p><span class="font5">8 8</span></p></td></tr>
    3804. 

  3804. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3805. 

  3805. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 4</span></p>
    3806. 

  3806. <p><span class="font5">A.____</span></p>
    3807. 

  3807. <p><span class="font5">9 0 0 9</span></p>
    3808. 

  3808. <p><span class="font5">D.</span></p>
    3809. 

  3809. <p><span class="font5">5 9 0 6</span></p>
    3810. 

  3810. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3811. 

  3811. <p><span class="font5">B.</span></p>
    3812. 

  3812. <p><span class="font5">E.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3813. 

  3813. <p><span class="font5">7</span></p>
    3814. 

  3814. <p><span class="font5">4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3815. 

  3815. <p><span class="font5">%</span></p>
    3816. 

  3816. <p><span class="font5">9 S</span></p>
    3817. 

  3817. <p><span class="font5">0 3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3818. 

  3818. <p><span class="font5">0</span></p>
    3819. 

  3819. <p><span class="font5">9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3820. 

  3820. <p><span class="font5">C.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3821. 

  3821. <p><span class="font5">9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3822. 

  3822. <p><span class="font5">0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3823. 

  3823. <p><span class="font5">8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3824. 

  3824. <p><span class="font5">7</span></p></td></tr>
    3825. 

  3825. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3826. 

  3826. <p><span class="font5">A. 8790</span></p>
    3827. 

  3827. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 6</span></p>
    3828. 

  3828. <p><span class="font5">A.____</span></p>
    3829. 

  3829. <p><span class="font5">17 7 6</span></p>
    3830. 

  3830. <p><span class="font5">D.____</span></p>
    3831. 

  3831. <p><span class="font5">16 2 0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3832. 

  3832. <p><span class="font5">B.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3833. 

  3833. <p><span class="font5">1939</span></p>
    3834. 

  3834. <p><span class="font5">0.</span></p>
    3835. 

  3835. <p><span class="font5">E.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3836. 

  3836. <p><span class="font5">C.</span></p>
    3837. 

  3837. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p>
    3838. 

  3838. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3839. 

  3839. <p><span class="font5">4096</span></p>
    3840. 

  3840. <p><span class="font5">4 9 2</span></p>
    3841. 

  3841. <p><span class="font5">9 2 9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3842. 

  3842. <p><span class="font5">0.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3843. 

  3843. <p><span class="font5">2005</span></p>
    3844. 

  3844. <p><span class="font5">C.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3845. 

  3845. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3846. 

  3846. <p><span class="font5">E</span></p>
    3847. 

  3847. <p><span class="font5">0</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3848. 

  3848. <p><span class="font5">6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3849. 

  3849. <p><span class="font5">7980</span></p>
    3850. 

  3850. <p><span class="font5">6</span></p></td></tr>
    3851. 

  3851. </table>
    3852. 

  3852. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 3 WORKBOOK (NUMBERS 11-99)</span></p>
    3853. 

  3853. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY </span><span class="font5">I</span></p>
    3854. 

  3854. <table border="1">
    3855. 

  3855. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3856. 

  3856. <p><span class="font5">11</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3857. 

  3857. <p><span class="font5">shíyT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3858. 

  3858. <p><span class="font5">20</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3859. 

  3859. <p><span class="font5">èrsh f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3860. 

  3860. <p><span class="font5">22</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3861. 

  3861. <p><span class="font5">èrshIèr</span></p></td></tr>
    3862. 

  3862. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3863. 

  3863. <p><span class="font5">I2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3864. 

  3864. <p><span class="font5">sh f èr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3865. 

  3865. <p><span class="font5">30</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3866. 

  3866. <p><span class="font5">sBnsh f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3867. 

  3867. <p><span class="font5">33</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3868. 

  3868. <p><span class="font5">sBnsh1sSn</span></p></td></tr>
    3869. 

  3869. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3870. 

  3870. <p><span class="font5">I 3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3871. 

  3871. <p><span class="font5">sh í sBn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3872. 

  3872. <p><span class="font5">40</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3873. 

  3873. <p><span class="font5">si sh (</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3874. 

  3874. <p><span class="font5">44</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3875. 

  3875. <p><span class="font5">sish1 si</span></p></td></tr>
    3876. 

  3876. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3877. 

  3877. <p><span class="font5">I 4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3878. 

  3878. <p><span class="font5">sh í si</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3879. 

  3879. <p><span class="font5">50</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3880. 

  3880. <p><span class="font5">wǔsh f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3881. 

  3881. <p><span class="font5">55</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3882. 

  3882. <p><span class="font5">wúsh1wǔ</span></p></td></tr>
    3883. 

  3883. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3884. 

  3884. <p><span class="font5">I5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3885. 

  3885. <p><span class="font5">sh í wǚ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3886. 

  3886. <p><span class="font5">60</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3887. 

  3887. <p><span class="font5">Hùshf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3888. 

  3888. <p><span class="font5">66</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3889. 

  3889. <p><span class="font5">11ush 1 II ù</span></p></td></tr>
    3890. 

  3890. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3891. 

  3891. <p><span class="font5">I6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3892. 

  3892. <p><span class="font5">sh f Ií ù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3893. 

  3893. <p><span class="font5">70</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3894. 

  3894. <p><span class="font5">qTshí</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3895. 

  3895. <p><span class="font5">77</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3896. 

  3896. <p><span class="font5">qTsh1qT</span></p></td></tr>
    3897. 

  3897. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3898. 

  3898. <p><span class="font5">I 7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3899. 

  3899. <p><span class="font5">sh f qT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3900. 

  3900. <p><span class="font5">80</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3901. 

  3901. <p><span class="font5">bSshf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3902. 

  3902. <p><span class="font5">88</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3903. 

  3903. <p><span class="font5">bSshlbā</span></p></td></tr>
    3904. 

  3904. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3905. 

  3905. <p><span class="font5">I 8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3906. 

  3906. <p><span class="font5">shfbS</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3907. 

  3907. <p><span class="font5">90</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3908. 

  3908. <p><span class="font5">J I ūsh í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3909. 

  3909. <p><span class="font5">99</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3910. 

  3910. <p><span class="font5">J I ūsh 1J 1ǚ</span></p></td></tr>
    3911. 

  3911. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3912. 

  3912. <p><span class="font5">19</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3913. 

  3913. <p><span class="font5">sh f j I ǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    3914. 

  3914. </table>
    3915. 

  3915. <p><span class="font5">Exercise I</span></p>
    3916. 

  3916. <table border="1">
    3917. 

  3917. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3918. 

  3918. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3919. 

  3919. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3920. 

  3920. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3921. 

  3921. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3922. 

  3922. <p><span class="font5">5 , &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;_</span></p></td></tr>
    3923. 

  3923. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3924. 

  3924. <p><span class="font5">12</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3925. 

  3925. <p><span class="font5">40</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3926. 

  3926. <p><span class="font5">30 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;16</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3927. 

  3927. <p><span class="font5">20</span></p></td></tr>
    3928. 

  3928. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3929. 

  3929. <p><span class="font5">6,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3930. 

  3930. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3931. 

  3931. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3932. 

  3932. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3933. 

  3933. <p><span class="font5">10. &nbsp;&nbsp;_____</span></p></td></tr>
    3934. 

  3934. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3935. 

  3935. <p><span class="font5">1 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3936. 

  3936. <p><span class="font5">70</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3937. 

  3937. <p><span class="font5">17 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;90</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3938. 

  3938. <p><span class="font5">!4</span></p></td></tr>
    3939. 

  3939. </table>
    3940. 

  3940. <table border="1">
    3941. 

  3941. <tr><td colspan="9" style="vertical-align:top;">
    3942. 

  3942. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ExercIse 2</span></p></td></tr>
    3943. 

  3943. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3944. 

  3944. <p><span class="font5">1 . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;85</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3945. 

  3945. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3946. 

  3946. <p><span class="font5">17</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3947. 

  3947. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3948. 

  3948. <p><span class="font5">44</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3949. 

  3949. <p><span class="font5">4 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3950. 

  3950. <p><span class="font5">93</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3951. 

  3951. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3952. 

  3952. <p><span class="font5">38</span></p></td></tr>
    3953. 

  3953. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3954. 

  3954. <p><span class="font5">6. &nbsp;29</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3955. 

  3955. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3956. 

  3956. <p><span class="font5">70</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3957. 

  3957. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3958. 

  3958. <p><span class="font5">26</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3959. 

  3959. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3960. 

  3960. <p><span class="font5">52</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3961. 

  3961. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3962. 

  3962. <p><span class="font5">61</span></p></td></tr>
    3963. 

  3963. </table>
    3964. 

  3964. <div>
    3965. 

  3965. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 4 WORKBOOK (NUMBERS 1-99, REVIEW)</span></p>
    3966. 

  3966. </div><br clear="all">
    3967. 

  3967. <div>
    3968. 

  3968. <table border="1">
    3969. 

  3969. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3970. 

  3970. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise I</span></p></td></tr>
    3971. 

  3971. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3972. 

  3972. <p><span class="font5">1 . &nbsp;&nbsp;3 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.16' &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3,</span></p></td></tr>
    3973. 

  3973. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3974. 

  3974. <p><span class="font5">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;91 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. &nbsp;&nbsp;34 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.</span></p></td></tr>
    3975. 

  3975. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3976. 

  3976. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exe rcI so 2</span></p></td></tr>
    3977. 

  3977. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3978. 

  3978. <p><span class="font5">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;67 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. &nbsp;&nbsp;12 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.</span></p></td></tr>
    3979. 

  3979. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3980. 

  3980. <p><span class="font5">6. &nbsp;&nbsp;35 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. &nbsp;&nbsp;26 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.</span></p></td></tr>
    3981. 

  3981. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3982. 

  3982. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p></td></tr>
    3983. 

  3983. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3984. 

  3984. <p><span class="font5">1 . &nbsp;4+5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. &nbsp;3 + 8</span></p></td></tr>
    3985. 

  3985. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3986. 

  3986. <p><span class="font5">5.7+2 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.9+7</span></p></td></tr>
    3987. 

  3987. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3988. 

  3988. <p><span class="font5">9. 3 + 9 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. 4 + 4</span></p></td></tr>
    3989. 

  3989. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3990. 

  3990. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 4</span></p></td></tr>
    3991. 

  3991. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3992. 

  3992. <p><span class="font5">1. 36 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2, &nbsp;&nbsp;41 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.</span></p></td></tr>
    3993. 

  3993. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    3994. 

  3994. <p><span class="font5">6, &nbsp;&nbsp;94 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. &nbsp;&nbsp;25 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.</span></p></td></tr>
    3995. 

  3995. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    3996. 

  3996. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 5</span></p></td></tr>
    3997. 

  3997. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    3998. 

  3998. <p><span class="font5">1. &nbsp;21+10 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. &nbsp;65+10</span></p></td></tr>
    3999. 

  3999. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4000. 

  4000. <p><span class="font5">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;59 + 10 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. &nbsp;&nbsp;74 + 10</span></p></td></tr>
    4001. 

  4001. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4002. 

  4002. <p><span class="font5">9. &nbsp;&nbsp;25 + 10 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. &nbsp;&nbsp;76 + 10</span></p></td></tr>
    4003. 

  4003. </table>
    4004. 

  4004. </div><br clear="all">
    4005. 

  4005. <div>
    4006. 

  4006. <table border="1">
    4007. 

  4007. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4008. 

  4008. <p><span class="font5">48</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4009. 

  4009. <p><span class="font5">4. &nbsp;&nbsp;70</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4010. 

  4010. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4011. 

  4011. <p><span class="font5">22</span></p></td></tr>
    4012. 

  4012. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4013. 

  4013. <p><span class="font5">59</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4014. 

  4014. <p><span class="font5">9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4015. 

  4015. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4016. 

  4016. <p><span class="font5">30</span></p></td></tr>
    4017. 

  4017. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4018. 

  4018. <p><span class="font5">90</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4019. 

  4019. <p><span class="font5">4. &nbsp;&nbsp;54</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4020. 

  4020. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4021. 

  4021. <p><span class="font5">83</span></p></td></tr>
    4022. 

  4022. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4023. 

  4023. <p><span class="font5">79</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4024. 

  4024. <p><span class="font5">9. &nbsp;&nbsp;48</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4025. 

  4025. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4026. 

  4026. <p><span class="font5">4</span></p></td></tr>
    4027. 

  4027. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4028. 

  4028. <p><span class="font5">3. &nbsp;1+2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4029. 

  4029. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4030. 

  4030. <p><span class="font5">6 + 9</span></p></td></tr>
    4031. 

  4031. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4032. 

  4032. <p><span class="font5">7. &nbsp;&nbsp;0 + I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4033. 

  4033. <p><span class="font5">8*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4034. 

  4034. <p><span class="font5">5 + 6</span></p></td></tr>
    4035. 

  4035. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4036. 

  4036. <p><span class="font5">72</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4037. 

  4037. <p><span class="font5">4. &nbsp;&nbsp;18</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4038. 

  4038. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4039. 

  4039. <p><span class="font5">63</span></p></td></tr>
    4040. 

  4040. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4041. 

  4041. <p><span class="font5">66</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4042. 

  4042. <p><span class="font5">9. 52</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4043. 

  4043. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4044. 

  4044. <p><span class="font5">27</span></p></td></tr>
    4045. 

  4045. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4046. 

  4046. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4047. 

  4047. <p><span class="font5">33 + 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4048. 

  4048. <p><span class="font5">4,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4049. 

  4049. <p><span class="font5">18</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4050. 

  4050. <p><span class="font5">+ 10</span></p></td></tr>
    4051. 

  4051. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4052. 

  4052. <p><span class="font5">7 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4053. 

  4053. <p><span class="font5">42 + 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4054. 

  4054. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4055. 

  4055. <p><span class="font5">86</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4056. 

  4056. <p><span class="font5">+ 10</span></p></td></tr>
    4057. 

  4057. </table>
    4058. 

  4058. </div><br clear="all">
    4059. 

  4059. <table border="1">
    4060. 

  4060. <tr><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4061. 

  4061. <p><span class="font5">NUM MODULE</span></p></td></tr>
    4062. 

  4062. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4063. 

  4063. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 5 WORKBOOK (NUMBERS</span></p>
    4064. 

  4064. <p><span class="font5">DISPLAY i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4065. 

  4065. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">100-999)</span></p></td></tr>
    4066. 

  4066. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4067. 

  4067. <p><span class="font5">100</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4068. 

  4068. <p><span class="font5">y 1 bá 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4069. 

  4069. <p><span class="font5">600</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4070. 

  4070. <p><span class="font5">I I ùbā I</span></p></td></tr>
    4071. 

  4071. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4072. 

  4072. <p><span class="font5">200</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4073. 

  4073. <p><span class="font5">i1ǎngběI</span></p>
    4074. 

  4074. <p><span class="font5">(11ángbā 1)<a name="footnote12"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark82">12</a></sup></span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4075. 

  4075. <p><span class="font5">700</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4076. 

  4076. <p><span class="font5">qTbì i</span></p></td></tr>
    4077. 

  4077. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4078. 

  4078. <p><span class="font5">300</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4079. 

  4079. <p><span class="font5">sSnbǎ1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4080. 

  4080. <p><span class="font5">800</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4081. 

  4081. <p><span class="font5">bībāT</span></p></td></tr>
    4082. 

  4082. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4083. 

  4083. <p><span class="font5">400</span></p>
    4084. 

  4084. <p><span class="font5">500</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4085. 

  4085. <p><span class="font5">si bS 1</span></p>
    4086. 

  4086. <p><span class="font5">wí bā I</span></p>
    4087. 

  4087. <p><span class="font5">(wúbā1)</span></p>
    4088. 

  4088. <p><span class="font5">DISPLAY II</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4089. 

  4089. <p><span class="font5">900</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4090. 

  4090. <p><span class="font5">j I ǔbSI</span></p>
    4091. 

  4091. <p><span class="font5">(j lúbǎI)</span></p></td></tr>
    4092. 

  4092. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4093. 

  4093. <p><span class="font5">140</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4094. 

  4094. <p><span class="font5">y1bí1 sish í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4095. 

  4095. <p><span class="font5">655</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4096. 

  4096. <p><span class="font5">I IùbǎI wish!wǔ</span></p></td></tr>
    4097. 

  4097. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4098. 

  4098. <p><span class="font5">222</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4099. 

  4099. <p><span class="font5">11SngbíIèrsh1èr</span></p>
    4100. 

  4100. <p><span class="font5">(11ángbS i èrsh1èr)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4101. 

  4101. <p><span class="font5">747</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4102. 

  4102. <p><span class="font5">qTbèlslshlqT</span></p></td></tr>
    4103. 

  4103. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4104. 

  4104. <p><span class="font5">56 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4105. 

  4105. <p><span class="font5">wūbǎ í11ùsh f yT (wúbS11īùshfyT)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4106. 

  4106. <p><span class="font5">999</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4107. 

  4107. <p><span class="font5">J I ǔ b í1J 1 ǔ 5 h 1J 1 ū (J lúbSījlūshījlǚ)</span></p></td></tr>
    4108. 

  4108. </table>
    4109. 

  4109. <table border="1">
    4110. 

  4110. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4111. 

  4111. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exe rc i se</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4112. 

  4112. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1</span><span class="font5"> (Answers are on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4113. 

  4113. <p><span class="font5">tape.)</span></p></td></tr>
    4114. 

  4114. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4115. 

  4115. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4116. 

  4116. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td></tr>
    4117. 

  4117. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4118. 

  4118. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4119. 

  4119. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td></tr>
    4120. 

  4120. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4121. 

  4121. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4122. 

  4122. <p><span class="font5">•</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4123. 

  4123. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td></tr>
    4124. 

  4124. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4125. 

  4125. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4126. 

  4126. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td></tr>
    4127. 

  4127. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4128. 

  4128. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4129. 

  4129. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td></tr>
    4130. 

  4130. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4131. 

  4131. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exerc í se</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4132. 

  4132. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4133. 

  4133. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4134. 

  4134. <p><span class="font5">1 . &nbsp;&nbsp;630</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4135. 

  4135. <p><span class="font5">2. &nbsp;543</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4136. 

  4136. <p><span class="font5">3. &nbsp;224 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. &nbsp;468 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. &nbsp;770</span></p></td></tr>
    4137. 

  4137. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4138. 

  4138. <p><span class="font5">6, &nbsp;&nbsp;185</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4139. 

  4139. <p><span class="font5">7. &nbsp;852</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4140. 

  4140. <p><span class="font5">8. &nbsp;292 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9. &nbsp;&nbsp;369 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10. &nbsp;987</span></p></td></tr>
    4141. 

  4141. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4142. 

  4142. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY </span><span class="font5">til</span></p></td></tr>
    4143. 

  4143. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4144. 

  4144. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">COLUMN 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4145. 

  4145. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">COLUMN 2</span></p></td></tr>
    4146. 

  4146. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4147. 

  4147. <p><span class="font5">104</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4148. 

  4148. <p><span class="font5">yl bǎ 11 í ngsl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4149. 

  4149. <p><span class="font5">140 ylbilsìshf</span></p></td></tr>
    4150. 

  4150. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4151. 

  4151. <p><span class="font5">202</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4152. 

  4152. <p><span class="font5">1 i ǎngbǎ11 f ngèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4153. 

  4153. <p><span class="font5">220 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11Sngbá1 èrshí</span></p></td></tr>
    4154. 

  4154. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4155. 

  4155. <p><span class="font5">(1 i ángbǎ 1 1 í ngèr)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4156. 

  4156. <p><span class="font5">(11ángbè1èrsh f)</span></p></td></tr>
    4157. 

  4157. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4158. 

  4158. <p><span class="font5">405</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4159. 

  4159. <p><span class="font5">s 1 bS í1 í ngwǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4160. 

  4160. <p><span class="font5">450 slbílwǔshf</span></p></td></tr>
    4161. 

  4161. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4162. 

  4162. <p><span class="font5">603</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4163. 

  4163. <p><span class="font5">1 Iùbǎ11 í ngsSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4164. 

  4164. <p><span class="font5">630 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 1 íibè ī sSnsh í</span></p></td></tr>
    4165. 

  4165. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4166. 

  4166. <p><span class="font5">709</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4167. 

  4167. <p><span class="font5">qTbā i 1fngJ i □</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4168. 

  4168. <p><span class="font5">790 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qTbǎ1 J i ǔshí</span></p></td></tr>
    4169. 

  4169. </table>
    4170. 

  4170. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY IV</span></p>
    4171. 

  4171. <table border="1">
    4172. 

  4172. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4173. 

  4173. <p><span class="font5">1 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4174. 

  4174. <p><span class="font5">y ì b a 1 y Tsti í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4175. 

  4175. <p><span class="font5">4 14</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4176. 

  4176. <p><span class="font5">s 1 b ǎ i y T s h 1 s ì</span></p></td></tr>
    4177. 

  4177. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4178. 

  4178. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">21</span><span class="font5"> 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4179. 

  4179. <p><span class="font5">1 1 āngbě1yTshlyT</span></p>
    4180. 

  4180. <p><span class="font5">(1lángbSlyTshlyT)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4181. 

  4181. <p><span class="font5">7 16</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4182. 

  4182. <p><span class="font5">qTbǎ1yfsh 111 ù</span></p></td></tr>
    4183. 

  4183. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4184. 

  4184. <p><span class="font5">3 12</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4185. 

  4185. <p><span class="font5">sSnbǎ1yTsh1èr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4186. 

  4186. <p><span class="font5">916</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4187. 

  4187. <p><span class="font5">J JubalyTshl</span></p>
    4188. 

  4188. <p><span class="font5">(j [úbā 1 yTshl bif)</span></p></td></tr>
    4189. 

  4189. </table>
    4190. 

  4190. <h4><a name="bookmark83"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark84"></a>DISPLAY V</span></h4>
    4191. 

  4191. <p><a href="#bookmark85"><span class="font5">IM</span></a></p>
    4192. 

  4192. <p><a href="#bookmark86"><span class="font5">121</span></a></p>
    4193. 

  4193. <p><a href="#bookmark87"><span class="font5">131</span></a></p>
    4194. 

  4194. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 3</span></p>
    4195. 

  4195. <table border="1">
    4196. 

  4196. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4197. 

  4197. <p><span class="font5">I .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4198. 

  4198. <p><span class="font5">101</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4199. 

  4199. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4200. 

  4200. <p><span class="font5">1 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4201. 

  4201. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4202. 

  4202. <p><span class="font5">1 1 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4203. 

  4203. <p><span class="font5">4 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4204. 

  4204. <p><span class="font5">270</span></p></td></tr>
    4205. 

  4205. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4206. 

  4206. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4207. 

  4207. <p><span class="font5">308</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4208. 

  4208. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4209. 

  4209. <p><span class="font5">410</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4210. 

  4210. <p><span class="font5">7 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4211. 

  4211. <p><span class="font5">555</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4212. 

  4212. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4213. 

  4213. <p><span class="font5">90!</span></p></td></tr>
    4214. 

  4214. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4215. 

  4215. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4216. 

  4216. <p><span class="font5">613</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4217. 

  4217. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4218. 

  4218. <p><span class="font5">220</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4219. 

  4219. <p><span class="font5">1 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4220. 

  4220. <p><span class="font5">812</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4221. 

  4221. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4222. 

  4222. <p><span class="font5">721</span></p></td></tr>
    4223. 

  4223. </table>
    4224. 

  4224. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 4</span></p>
    4225. 

  4225. <table border="1">
    4226. 

  4226. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4227. 

  4227. <p><span class="font5">1 -</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4228. 

  4228. <p><span class="font5">909</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4229. 

  4229. <p><span class="font5">919</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4230. 

  4230. <p><span class="font5">99 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4231. 

  4231. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4232. 

  4232. <p><span class="font5">4 14</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4233. 

  4233. <p><span class="font5">441</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4234. 

  4234. <p><span class="font5">444</span></p></td></tr>
    4235. 

  4235. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4236. 

  4236. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4237. 

  4237. <p><span class="font5">74 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4238. 

  4238. <p><span class="font5">747</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4239. 

  4239. <p><span class="font5">774</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4240. 

  4240. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4241. 

  4241. <p><span class="font5">200</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4242. 

  4242. <p><span class="font5">208</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4243. 

  4243. <p><span class="font5">280</span></p></td></tr>
    4244. 

  4244. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4245. 

  4245. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4246. 

  4246. <p><span class="font5">203</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4247. 

  4247. <p><span class="font5">2 13</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4248. 

  4248. <p><span class="font5">230</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4249. 

  4249. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4250. 

  4250. <p><span class="font5">5 1 5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4251. 

  4251. <p><span class="font5">525</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4252. 

  4252. <p><span class="font5">55 1</span></p></td></tr>
    4253. 

  4253. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4254. 

  4254. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4255. 

  4255. <p><span class="font5">3.1 í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4256. 

  4256. <p><span class="font5">313</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4257. 

  4257. <p><span class="font5">33!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4258. 

  4258. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4259. 

  4259. <p><span class="font5">808</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4260. 

  4260. <p><span class="font5">868</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4261. 

  4261. <p><span class="font5">881</span></p></td></tr>
    4262. 

  4262. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4263. 

  4263. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4264. 

  4264. <p><span class="font5">602</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4265. 

  4265. <p><span class="font5">612</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4266. 

  4266. <p><span class="font5">62 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4267. 

  4267. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4268. 

  4268. <p><span class="font5">101</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4269. 

  4269. <p><span class="font5">1 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4270. 

  4270. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">1 i 1</span></p></td></tr>
    4271. 

  4271. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4272. 

  4272. <p><span class="font5">Answers to</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4273. 

  4273. <p><span class="font5">Exerc1se</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4274. 

  4274. <p><span class="font5">4; &nbsp;1.919</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4275. 

  4275. <p><span class="font5">2. 741</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4276. 

  4276. <p><span class="font5">3. 230</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4277. 

  4277. <p><span class="font5">4. 31 1</span></p></td></tr>
    4278. 

  4278. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4279. 

  4279. <p><span class="font5">5 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4280. 

  4280. <p><span class="font5">602</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4281. 

  4281. <p><span class="font5">6 . 444</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4282. 

  4282. <p><span class="font5">7. 208</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4283. 

  4283. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4284. 

  4284. <p><span class="font5">525</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4285. 

  4285. <p><span class="font5">9. 808</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4286. 

  4286. <p><span class="font5">10. 110</span></p></td></tr>
    4287. 

  4287. </table>
    4288. 

  4288. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 6 WORKBOOK {NUMBERS 1,000-99,999)</span></p>
    4289. 

  4289. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY I</span></p>
    4290. 

  4290. <table border="1">
    4291. 

  4291. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4292. 

  4292. <p><span class="font5">1 ,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4293. 

  4293. <p><span class="font5">yì q ǐ In</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4294. 

  4294. <p><span class="font5">6,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4295. 

  4295. <p><span class="font5">1 i ìiq 1 In</span></p></td></tr>
    4296. 

  4296. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4297. 

  4297. <p><span class="font5">2,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4298. 

  4298. <p><span class="font5">1 iǎngq1In</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4299. 

  4299. <p><span class="font5">7,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4300. 

  4300. <p><span class="font5">qTq iIn</span></p></td></tr>
    4301. 

  4301. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4302. 

  4302. <p><span class="font5">3,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4303. 

  4303. <p><span class="font5">sSnq í In</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4304. 

  4304. <p><span class="font5">6,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4305. 

  4305. <p><span class="font5">bīq íIn</span></p></td></tr>
    4306. 

  4306. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4307. 

  4307. <p><span class="font5">4,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4308. 

  4308. <p><span class="font5">si q i In</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4309. 

  4309. <p><span class="font5">9,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4310. 

  4310. <p><span class="font5">j1ǔq1 In</span></p></td></tr>
    4311. 

  4311. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4312. 

  4312. <p><span class="font5">5,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4313. 

  4313. <p><span class="font5">wǔqIIn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4314. 

  4314. </table>
    4315. 

  4315. <h4><a name="bookmark88"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark89"></a>DISPLAY II</span></h4>
    4316. 

  4316. <p><span class="font5">1,246 yìqI InfīangbSI sishI I Iù</span></p>
    4317. 

  4317. <p><span class="font5">3,575 slnq1InwǔbSiqTshiwǔ</span></p>
    4318. 

  4318. <p><span class="font5">6,750 í iùqiInqTbǎiwǔshf</span></p>
    4319. 

  4319. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise I</span></p>
    4320. 

  4320. <table border="1">
    4321. 

  4321. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4322. 

  4322. <p><span class="font7">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4323. 

  4323. <p><span class="font5">5,555</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4324. 

  4324. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4325. 

  4325. <p><span class="font5">3,690</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4326. 

  4326. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4327. 

  4327. <p><span class="font5">1 ,200</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4328. 

  4328. <p><span class="font5">4 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4329. 

  4329. <p><span class="font5">6,455</span></p></td></tr>
    4330. 

  4330. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4331. 

  4331. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4332. 

  4332. <p><span class="font5">2, B99</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4333. 

  4333. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4334. 

  4334. <p><span class="font5">7,131</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4335. 

  4335. <p><span class="font5">7 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4336. 

  4336. <p><span class="font5">4,256</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4337. 

  4337. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4338. 

  4338. <p><span class="font5">9,742</span></p></td></tr>
    4339. 

  4339. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4340. 

  4340. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4341. 

  4341. <p><span class="font5">8,329</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4342. 

  4342. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4343. 

  4343. <p><span class="font5">2,974</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4344. 

  4344. </table>
    4345. 

  4345. <div>
    4346. 

  4346. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
    4347. 

  4347. </div><br clear="all">
    4348. 

  4348. <div>
    4349. 

  4349. <table border="1">
    4350. 

  4350. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4351. 

  4351. <p><span class="font7">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4352. 

  4352. <p><span class="font5">1,111</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4353. 

  4353. <p><span class="font5">2 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4354. 

  4354. <p><span class="font5">7, t 1 7</span></p></td></tr>
    4355. 

  4355. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4356. 

  4356. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4357. 

  4357. <p><span class="font5">4,9 12</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4358. 

  4358. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4359. 

  4359. <p><span class="font5">9,115</span></p></td></tr>
    4360. 

  4360. </table>
    4361. 

  4361. </div><br clear="all">
    4362. 

  4362. <div>
    4363. 

  4363. <p><span class="font5">3. &nbsp;2,210</span></p>
    4364. 

  4364. <p><span class="font5">7. &nbsp;3,813</span></p>
    4365. 

  4365. </div><br clear="all">
    4366. 

  4366. <div>
    4367. 

  4367. <p><span class="font5">4 , &nbsp;6,616</span></p>
    4368. 

  4368. <p><span class="font5">8, &nbsp;5,419</span></p>
    4369. 

  4369. </div><br clear="all">
    4370. 

  4370. <h4><a name="bookmark90"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark91"></a>DISPLAY III</span></h4>
    4371. 

  4371. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">COLUMN I</span></p>
    4372. 

  4372. <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
    4373. 

  4373. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">COLUMN 2</span></p>
    4374. 

  4374. </div><br clear="all">
    4375. 

  4375. <table border="1">
    4376. 

  4376. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4377. 

  4377. <p><span class="font5">1,001</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4378. 

  4378. <p><span class="font5">y ì qI</span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">S</span><span class="font5">n</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1 f ngy</span><span class="font5">T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4379. 

  4379. <p><span class="font5">1,101</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4380. 

  4380. <p><span class="font5">yl q 1 3nyl bS 1 </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I í riav</span><span class="font5">T</span></p></td></tr>
    4381. 

  4381. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4382. 

  4382. <p><span class="font5">2,002</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4383. 

  4383. <p><span class="font5">1 Iǎngq15n</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1f ngè</span><span class="font5">r</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4384. 

  4384. <p><span class="font5">2,202</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4385. 

  4385. <p><span class="font5">1 lǎngqlínliāngbSi</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1í ngè</span><span class="font5">r</span></p></td></tr>
    4386. 

  4386. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4387. 

  4387. <p><span class="font5">6,005</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4388. 

  4388. <p><span class="font5">1 I ùq i </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">ā</span><span class="font5">n </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I tn gw</span><span class="font5">ǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4389. 

  4389. <p><span class="font5">6,605</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4390. 

  4390. <p><span class="font5">I iìiqISínl iùbāi </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1 fngw</span><span class="font5">ǔ</span></p></td></tr>
    4391. 

  4391. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4392. 

  4392. <p><span class="font5">7,007</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4393. 

  4393. <p><span class="font5">q T q13 n</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1 1ngq</span><span class="font5">T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4394. 

  4394. <p><span class="font5">7,707</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4395. 

  4395. <p><span class="font5">qTqīSnqTbǎl </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1f ngq</span><span class="font5">T</span></p></td></tr>
    4396. 

  4396. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4397. 

  4397. <p><span class="font5">9,009</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4398. 

  4398. <p><span class="font5">J!ǔ q1Sn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1 tnq</span><span class="font5">Ji ù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4399. 

  4399. <p><span class="font5">9,909</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4400. 

  4400. <p><span class="font5">J 1 ǔq iīnj1ǔbā1</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">If ngJ</span><span class="font5"> 1ǔ</span></p></td></tr>
    4401. 

  4401. </table>
    4402. 

  4402. <div>
    4403. 

  4403. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
    4404. 

  4404. <p><span class="font5">1 . ________________________________________</span></p>
    4405. 

  4405. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4406. 

  4406. <p><span class="font5">2. ________________</span></p></li>
    4407. 

  4407. <li>
    4408. 

  4408. <p><span class="font5">3. _______________</span></p></li>
    4409. 

  4409. <li>
    4410. 

  4410. <p><span class="font5">4. _______________</span></p></li>
    4411. 

  4411. <li>
    4412. 

  4412. <p><span class="font5">5. _______________</span></p></li></ul>
    4413. 

  4413. </div><br clear="all">
    4414. 

  4414. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4415. 

  4415. <p><span class="font5">6. _________________</span></p></li>
    4416. 

  4416. <li>
    4417. 

  4417. <p><span class="font5">7, _________________</span></p></li>
    4418. 

  4418. <li>
    4419. 

  4419. <p><span class="font5">8. _______________</span></p></li>
    4420. 

  4420. <li>
    4421. 

  4421. <p><span class="font5">9. _______________</span></p></li>
    4422. 

  4422. <li>
    4423. 

  4423. <p><span class="font5">10. _______________</span></p></li></ul>
    4424. 

  4424. <p><span class="font5">(Answers are on page 68.)</span></p>
    4425. 

  4425. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 4</span></p>
    4426. 

  4426. <table border="1">
    4427. 

  4427. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4428. 

  4428. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4429. 

  4429. <p><span class="font5">8, t' 4 ?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4430. 

  4430. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4431. 

  4431. <p><span class="font5">1,202</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4432. 

  4432. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4433. 

  4433. <p><span class="font5">4,007</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4434. 

  4434. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4435. 

  4435. <p><span class="font5">6,500</span></p></td></tr>
    4436. 

  4436. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4437. 

  4437. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4438. 

  4438. <p><span class="font5">7 , 2 1 2</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4439. 

  4439. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4440. 

  4440. <p><span class="font5">3,4 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4441. 

  4441. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4442. 

  4442. <p><span class="font5">9,704</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4443. 

  4443. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4444. 

  4444. <p><span class="font5">2,002</span></p></td></tr>
    4445. 

  4445. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4446. 

  4446. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4447. 

  4447. <p><span class="font5">5,330</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4448. 

  4448. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4449. 

  4449. <p><span class="font5">2,222</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4450. 

  4450. </table>
    4451. 

  4451. <h4><a name="bookmark92"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark93"></a>DISPLAY IV</span></h4>
    4452. 

  4452. <div>
    4453. 

  4453. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 5</span></p>
    4454. 

  4454. <p><span class="font5">I . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;____________________________________________</span></p>
    4455. 

  4455. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4456. 

  4456. <p><span class="font5">2. ________________</span></p></li>
    4457. 

  4457. <li>
    4458. 

  4458. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">3. _______________</span></p></li>
    4459. 

  4459. <li>
    4460. 

  4460. <p><span class="font5">4. _______________</span></p></li>
    4461. 

  4461. <li>
    4462. 

  4462. <p><span class="font5">5. ________________</span></p></li></ul>
    4463. 

  4463. </div><br clear="all">
    4464. 

  4464. <table border="1">
    4465. 

  4465. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4466. 

  4466. <p><span class="font5">1! 0,000 il</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4467. 

  4467. <p><span class="font5">y í wàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4468. 

  4468. <p><span class="font5">6í 0,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4469. 

  4469. <p><span class="font5">91ùwàn</span></p></td></tr>
    4470. 

  4470. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4471. 

  4471. <p><span class="font5">2, 0,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4472. 

  4472. <p><span class="font5">1 1 ǎngwàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4473. 

  4473. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">1\</span><span class="font5"> 0,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4474. 

  4474. <p><span class="font5">q fwàn</span></p></td></tr>
    4475. 

  4475. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4476. 

  4476. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p>
    4477. 

  4477. <p><span class="font5">3<sup>l</sup> 0,000</span></p>
    4478. 

  4478. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4479. 

  4479. <p><span class="font5">sSnwàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4480. 

  4480. <p><span class="font5">8’0,000 I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4481. 

  4481. <p><span class="font5">báwàn</span></p></td></tr>
    4482. 

  4482. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4483. 

  4483. <p><span class="font5">4* 0,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4484. 

  4484. <p><span class="font5">si wàn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4485. 

  4485. <p><span class="font5">9,0,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4486. 

  4486. <p><span class="font5">j I □ w à n</span></p></td></tr>
    4487. 

  4487. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4488. 

  4488. <p><span class="font5">5‘ 0,000</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4489. 

  4489. <p><span class="font5">wǔwà n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4490. 

  4490. </table>
    4491. 

  4491. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    4492. 

  4492. <p><span class="font5">6. _______________</span></p></li>
    4493. 

  4493. <li>
    4494. 

  4494. <p><span class="font5">7. _______________</span></p></li>
    4495. 

  4495. <li>
    4496. 

  4496. <p><span class="font5">8. _______________</span></p></li>
    4497. 

  4497. <li>
    4498. 

  4498. <p><span class="font5">9. ________________</span></p></li>
    4499. 

  4499. <li>
    4500. 

  4500. <p><span class="font5">IO. ________________</span></p></li></ul>
    4501. 

  4501. <p><span class="font5">(Answers are on page 68.)</span></p>
    4502. 

  4502. <p><span class="font5">Exerc i se 6</span></p>
    4503. 

  4503. <table border="1">
    4504. 

  4504. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4505. 

  4505. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4506. 

  4506. <p><span class="font5">62,! 39</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4507. 

  4507. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4508. 

  4508. <p><span class="font5">45,365</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4509. 

  4509. <p><span class="font5">3,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4510. 

  4510. <p><span class="font5">21,540</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4511. 

  4511. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4512. 

  4512. <p><span class="font5">69,211</span></p></td></tr>
    4513. 

  4513. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4514. 

  4514. <p><span class="font5">5,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4515. 

  4515. <p><span class="font5">93,537</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4516. 

  4516. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4517. 

  4517. <p><span class="font5">14,610</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4518. 

  4518. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4519. 

  4519. <p><span class="font5">57,442</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4520. 

  4520. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4521. 

  4521. <p><span class="font5">38,793</span></p></td></tr>
    4522. 

  4522. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4523. 

  4523. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4524. 

  4524. <p><span class="font5">76,818</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4525. 

  4525. <p><span class="font5">!O.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4526. 

  4526. <p><span class="font5">28,954</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4527. 

  4527. </table>
    4528. 

  4528. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY V</span></p>
    4529. 

  4529. <table border="1">
    4530. 

  4530. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4531. 

  4531. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">COLUMN 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4532. 

  4532. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">COLUMN 2</span></p></td></tr>
    4533. 

  4533. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4534. 

  4534. <p><span class="font5">1 ,</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">000</span><span class="font5"> I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4535. 

  4535. <p><span class="font5">y íwan </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ling</span><span class="font5">yT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4536. 

  4536. <p><span class="font5">I ,</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">OOP</span><span class="font5">! &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yfwànífngyT</span></p></td></tr>
    4537. 

  4537. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4538. 

  4538. <p><span class="font5">1,00 t1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4539. 

  4539. <p><span class="font5">y f w□n</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">If ng</span><span class="font5">yT s h I y T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4540. 

  4540. <p><span class="font5">1 , 100 1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yíwànyìqiSn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">l īrìg</span><span class="font5">yT</span></p></td></tr>
    4541. 

  4541. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4542. 

  4542. <p><span class="font5">i ,01 H</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4543. 

  4543. <p><span class="font5">y í wà nI íngyìbǎi-</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4544. 

  4544. <p><span class="font5">],1101 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yT wà n y1q1Sny1bǐ t-</span></p></td></tr>
    4545. 

  4545. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4546. 

  4546. <p><span class="font5">yTshiyT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4547. 

  4547. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1 f n g</span><span class="font5"> y T</span></p></td></tr>
    4548. 

  4548. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4549. 

  4549. <p><span class="font5">Exerc i se</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4550. 

  4550. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">_7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4551. 

  4551. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4552. 

  4552. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4553. 

  4553. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td></tr>
    4554. 

  4554. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4555. 

  4555. <p><span class="font5">2;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4556. 

  4556. <p><span class="font5">7,</span></p></td></tr>
    4557. 

  4557. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4558. 

  4558. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4559. 

  4559. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td></tr>
    4560. 

  4560. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4561. 

  4561. <p><span class="font5">4 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4562. 

  4562. <p><span class="font5">9,</span></p></td></tr>
    4563. 

  4563. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4564. 

  4564. <p><span class="font5">5,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4565. 

  4565. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td></tr>
    4566. 

  4566. <tr><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4567. 

  4567. <p><span class="font5">. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Answers are on page 68.)</span></p></td></tr>
    4568. 

  4568. </table>
    4569. 

  4569. <p><span class="font5">Exerc</span><span class="font7">1</span><span class="font5">se </span><span class="font7">8</span></p>
    4570. 

  4570. <table border="1">
    4571. 

  4571. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4572. 

  4572. <p><span class="font7">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4573. 

  4573. <p><span class="font5">80,015</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4574. 

  4574. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4575. 

  4575. <p><span class="font5">46,002</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4576. 

  4576. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4577. 

  4577. <p><span class="font5">70,005</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4578. 

  4578. <p><span class="font5">4 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4579. 

  4579. <p><span class="font5">22,20!</span></p></td></tr>
    4580. 

  4580. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4581. 

  4581. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4582. 

  4582. <p><span class="font5">54,003</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4583. 

  4583. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4584. 

  4584. <p><span class="font5">30,009</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4585. 

  4585. <p><span class="font5">7 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4586. 

  4586. <p><span class="font5">27,006</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4587. 

  4587. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4588. 

  4588. <p><span class="font5">10,055</span></p></td></tr>
    4589. 

  4589. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4590. 

  4590. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4591. 

  4591. <p><span class="font5">62,008</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4592. 

  4592. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4593. 

  4593. <p><span class="font5">90,509</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4594. 

  4594. </table>
    4595. 

  4595. <table border="1">
    4596. 

  4596. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4597. 

  4597. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY VI</span></p></td></tr>
    4598. 

  4598. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4599. 

  4599. <p><span class="font5">No.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4600. 

  4600. <p><span class="font5">42 DàlT J 13 Sìshlèrhào</span></p></td></tr>
    4601. 

  4601. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4602. 

  4602. <p><span class="font5">No.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4603. 

  4603. <p><span class="font5">36 DàlT Jlē SSnshlllùhào</span></p></td></tr>
    4604. 

  4604. </table>
    4605. 

  4605. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 9</span></p>
    4606. 

  4606. <table border="1">
    4607. 

  4607. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4608. 

  4608. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4609. 

  4609. <p><span class="font5">No.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4610. 

  4610. <p><span class="font5">42 DàlT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4611. 

  4611. <p><span class="font5">Street</span></p></td></tr>
    4612. 

  4612. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4613. 

  4613. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4614. 

  4614. <p><span class="font5">No.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4615. 

  4615. <p><span class="font5">36 DàlT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4616. 

  4616. <p><span class="font5">Street</span></p></td></tr>
    4617. 

  4617. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4618. 

  4618. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4619. 

  4619. <p><span class="font5">No.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4620. 

  4620. <p><span class="font5">29 DalT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4621. 

  4621. <p><span class="font5">Street</span></p></td></tr>
    4622. 

  4622. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4623. 

  4623. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4624. 

  4624. <p><span class="font5">No.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4625. 

  4625. <p><span class="font5">63 DàlT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4626. 

  4626. <p><span class="font5">Street</span></p></td></tr>
    4627. 

  4627. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4628. 

  4628. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4629. 

  4629. <p><span class="font5">No.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4630. 

  4630. <p><span class="font5">84 DàlT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4631. 

  4631. <p><span class="font5">Street</span></p></td></tr>
    4632. 

  4632. </table>
    4633. 

  4633. <div>
    4634. 

  4634. <p><span class="font5">ANSWERS TO TAPE</span></p>
    4635. 

  4635. </div><br clear="all">
    4636. 

  4636. <div>
    4637. 

  4637. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">6</span><span class="font5"> EXERCISES</span></p>
    4638. 

  4638. </div><br clear="all">
    4639. 

  4639. <table border="1">
    4640. 

  4640. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4641. 

  4641. <p><span class="font5">ExercIse</span></p></td><td colspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;">
    4642. 

  4642. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">3</span></p></td></tr>
    4643. 

  4643. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4644. 

  4644. <p><span class="font5">1 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4645. 

  4645. <p><span class="font5">1,001</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4646. 

  4646. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4647. 

  4647. <p><span class="font5">4,00B</span></p></td></tr>
    4648. 

  4648. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4649. 

  4649. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4650. 

  4650. <p><span class="font5">1,101</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4651. 

  4651. <p><span class="font5">7,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4652. 

  4652. <p><span class="font5">9,616</span></p></td></tr>
    4653. 

  4653. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4654. 

  4654. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4655. 

  4655. <p><span class="font5">6,505</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4656. 

  4656. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4657. 

  4657. <p><span class="font5">3,403</span></p></td></tr>
    4658. 

  4658. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4659. 

  4659. <p><span class="font5">4*</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4660. 

  4660. <p><span class="font5">7,001</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4661. 

  4661. <p><span class="font5">9,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4662. 

  4662. <p><span class="font5">5,501</span></p></td></tr>
    4663. 

  4663. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4664. 

  4664. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4665. 

  4665. <p><span class="font5">B,0IO</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4666. 

  4666. <p><span class="font5">i 0.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4667. 

  4667. <p><span class="font5">6,006</span></p></td></tr>
    4668. 

  4668. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4669. 

  4669. <p><span class="font5">Exsrc150</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4670. 

  4670. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4671. 

  4671. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4672. 

  4672. <p><span class="font5">t .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4673. 

  4673. <p><span class="font5">1 i , 1 ! 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4674. 

  4674. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4675. 

  4675. <p><span class="font5">05,215</span></p></td></tr>
    4676. 

  4676. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4677. 

  4677. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4678. 

  4678. <p><span class="font5">52,520</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4679. 

  4679. <p><span class="font5">7,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4680. 

  4680. <p><span class="font5">23,310</span></p></td></tr>
    4681. 

  4681. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4682. 

  4682. <p><span class="font5">j.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4683. 

  4683. <p><span class="font5">78,234</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4684. 

  4684. <p><span class="font5">a.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4685. 

  4685. <p><span class="font5">67,490</span></p></td></tr>
    4686. 

  4686. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4687. 

  4687. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4688. 

  4688. <p><span class="font5">92,46?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4689. 

  4689. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4690. 

  4690. <p><span class="font5">34,043</span></p></td></tr>
    4691. 

  4691. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4692. 

  4692. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4693. 

  4693. <p><span class="font5">45,730</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4694. 

  4694. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4695. 

  4695. <p><span class="font5">29,672</span></p></td></tr>
    4696. 

  4696. </table>
    4697. 

  4697. <p><span class="font6" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 7</span></p>
    4698. 

  4698. <table border="1">
    4699. 

  4699. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4700. 

  4700. <p><span class="font5">1 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4701. 

  4701. <p><span class="font5">20,001</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4702. 

  4702. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4703. 

  4703. <p><span class="font5">Ē4,206 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'</span></p></td></tr>
    4704. 

  4704. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4705. 

  4705. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4706. 

  4706. <p><span class="font5">40,010</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4707. 

  4707. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4708. 

  4708. <p><span class="font5">60,009</span></p></td></tr>
    4709. 

  4709. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4710. 

  4710. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4711. 

  4711. <p><span class="font5">33,001</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4712. 

  4712. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4713. 

  4713. <p><span class="font5">59,003</span></p></td></tr>
    4714. 

  4714. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4715. 

  4715. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4716. 

  4716. <p><span class="font5">70,601</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4717. 

  4717. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4718. 

  4718. <p><span class="font5">10,050</span></p></td></tr>
    4719. 

  4719. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4720. 

  4720. <p><span class="font5">5,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4721. 

  4721. <p><span class="font5">98,015</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4722. 

  4722. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4723. 

  4723. <p><span class="font5">20,505</span></p></td></tr>
    4724. 

  4724. </table>
    4725. 

  4725. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">SUMMARY</span></p>
    4726. 

  4726. <p><span class="font5">The Chinese system of numbers is simple and predictable. You may find it more regular than the number system Tn English.</span></p>
    4727. 

  4727. <table border="1">
    4728. 

  4728. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4729. 

  4729. <p><span class="font5">Here are</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4730. 

  4730. <p><span class="font5">the numbers</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4731. 

  4731. <p><span class="font5">1 to 10 plus</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4732. 

  4732. <p><span class="font5">zero:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4733. 

  4733. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4734. 

  4734. <p><span class="font5">yr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4735. 

  4735. <p><span class="font5">( 1 )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4736. 

  4736. <p><span class="font5">wǔ (5)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4737. 

  4737. <p><span class="font5">J’ǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4738. 

  4738. <p><span class="font5">(9)</span></p></td></tr>
    4739. 

  4739. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4740. 

  4740. <p><span class="font5">èr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4741. 

  4741. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4742. 

  4742. <p><span class="font5">1 I Ù (61</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4743. 

  4743. <p><span class="font5">sh t</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4744. 

  4744. <p><span class="font5">( 10)</span></p></td></tr>
    4745. 

  4745. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4746. 

  4746. <p><span class="font5">s5n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4747. 

  4747. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4748. 

  4748. <p><span class="font5">qT (7)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4749. 

  4749. <p><span class="font5">I I ng</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4750. 

  4750. <p><span class="font5">&lt; 0)</span></p></td></tr>
    4751. 

  4751. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4752. 

  4752. <p><span class="font5">si</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4753. 

  4753. <p><span class="font5">(4)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4754. 

  4754. <p><span class="font5">b5 (8)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4755. 

  4755. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4756. 

  4756. <p><span class="font5">The</span></p>
    4757. 

  4757. <p><span class="font5">10, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shí</span><span class="font5">,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4758. 

  4758. <p><span class="font5">numbers 11 followed by</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4759. 

  4759. <p><span class="font5">through 19 are the words for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4760. 

  4760. <p><span class="font5">formed with the 1 through 9:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4761. 

  4761. <p><span class="font5">word for</span></p></td></tr>
    4762. 

  4762. </table>
    4763. 

  4763. <table border="1">
    4764. 

  4764. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4765. 

  4765. <p><span class="font5">sh f yT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4766. 

  4766. <p><span class="font5">(II)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4767. 

  4767. <p><span class="font5">sh f si</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4768. 

  4768. <p><span class="font5">f 14)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4769. 

  4769. <p><span class="font5">sh : qT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4770. 

  4770. <p><span class="font5">(17)</span></p></td></tr>
    4771. 

  4771. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4772. 

  4772. <p><span class="font5">Shíèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4773. 

  4773. <p><span class="font5">( 12)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4774. 

  4774. <p><span class="font5">sh í wǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4775. 

  4775. <p><span class="font5">(15)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4776. 

  4776. <p><span class="font5">sh í b£T</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4777. 

  4777. <p><span class="font5">(18)</span></p></td></tr>
    4778. 

  4778. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4779. 

  4779. <p><span class="font5">sh1sSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4780. 

  4780. <p><span class="font5">(13)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4781. 

  4781. <p><span class="font5">sh í 1 1ù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4782. 

  4782. <p><span class="font5">(16)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4783. 

  4783. <p><span class="font5">Sh í j i ū</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4784. 

  4784. <p><span class="font5">(19)</span></p></td></tr>
    4785. 

  4785. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4786. 

  4786. <p><span class="font5">You can see addition: 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4787. 

  4787. <p><span class="font5">that</span></p>
    4788. 

  4788. <p><span class="font5">+ <sup>1</sup> &gt;</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4789. 

  4789. <p><span class="font5">the system for etc.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4790. 

  4790. <p><span class="font5">forming</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4791. 

  4791. <p><span class="font5">11 through i 9</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4792. 

  4792. <p><span class="font5">resemb1es</span></p></td></tr>
    4793. 

  4793. </table>
    4794. 

  4794. <table border="1">
    4795. 

  4795. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4796. 

  4796. <p><span class="font5">The number 20 is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4797. 

  4797. <p><span class="font5">1 i tera11y</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4798. 

  4798. <p><span class="font5">&quot;two tens.&quot; All the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4799. 

  4799. <p><span class="font5">multiples</span></p></td></tr>
    4800. 

  4800. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4801. 

  4801. <p><span class="font5">of 10 are formed with</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4802. 

  4802. <p><span class="font5">the words</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4803. 

  4803. <p><span class="font5">for 2 through 9 followed by</span></p></td></tr>
    4804. 

  4804. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4805. 

  4805. <p><span class="font5">the word for</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4806. 

  4806. <p><span class="font5">10, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sh í</span><span class="font5">:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4807. 

  4807. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4808. 

  4808. <p><span class="font5">èrsh f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4809. 

  4809. <p><span class="font5">(20)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4810. 

  4810. <p><span class="font5">wǔsh í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4811. 

  4811. <p><span class="font5">(50) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bSshf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4812. 

  4812. <p><span class="font5">(80)</span></p></td></tr>
    4813. 

  4813. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4814. 

  4814. <p><span class="font5">sīnsh í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4815. 

  4815. <p><span class="font5">(30)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4816. 

  4816. <p><span class="font5">1 i ùsh í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4817. 

  4817. <p><span class="font5">(60) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jiǔshf</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4818. 

  4818. <p><span class="font5">(90)</span></p></td></tr>
    4819. 

  4819. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4820. 

  4820. <p><span class="font5">sìsh f</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4821. 

  4821. <p><span class="font5">(40)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4822. 

  4822. <p><span class="font5">qTsh í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4823. 

  4823. <p><span class="font5">(70)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4824. 

  4824. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4825. 

  4825. <p><span class="font5">You can see</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4826. 

  4826. <p><span class="font5">that this</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4827. 

  4827. <p><span class="font5">system resembles multiplication</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4828. 

  4828. <p><span class="font5">: 2 x 10,</span></p></td></tr>
    4829. 

  4829. </table>
    4830. 

  4830. <p><span class="font5">etc.</span></p>
    4831. 

  4831. <p><span class="font5">The remaining numbers up to 100 are</span></p>
    4832. 

  4832. <p><span class="font5">formed by combining</span></p>
    4833. 

  4833. <p><span class="font5">these two systems. For example, to form the word for 21,</span></p>
    4834. 

  4834. <table border="1">
    4835. 

  4835. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4836. 

  4836. <p><span class="font5">fIrst multiply,</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    4837. 

  4837. <p><span class="font5">&quot;two tens,” and then</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4838. 

  4838. <p><span class="font5">add</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    4839. 

  4839. <p><span class="font5">the word for 1.</span></p></td></tr>
    4840. 

  4840. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4841. 

  4841. <p><span class="font5">èrshIyT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4842. 

  4842. <p><span class="font5">(2 1 )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4843. 

  4843. <p><span class="font5">si shIj i ǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4844. 

  4844. <p><span class="font5">(49)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4845. 

  4845. <p><span class="font5">I 1 ùsh1qT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4846. 

  4846. <p><span class="font5">(67)</span></p></td></tr>
    4847. 

  4847. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4848. 

  4848. <p><span class="font5">èrsh1b5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4849. 

  4849. <p><span class="font5">(28)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4850. 

  4850. <p><span class="font5">si sh1yT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4851. 

  4851. <p><span class="font5">(41 )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4852. 

  4852. <p><span class="font5">qTsh1 si</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4853. 

  4853. <p><span class="font5">(74)</span></p></td></tr>
    4854. 

  4854. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4855. 

  4855. <p><span class="font5">sīn s hIèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4856. 

  4856. <p><span class="font5">(32)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4857. 

  4857. <p><span class="font5">wǔsh i s5n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4858. 

  4858. <p><span class="font5">(53)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4859. 

  4859. <p><span class="font5">bSsh1 1 1 ù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4860. 

  4860. <p><span class="font5">(86)</span></p></td></tr>
    4861. 

  4861. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4862. 

  4862. <p><span class="font5">sānsh1 1 I ù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4863. 

  4863. <p><span class="font5">(36)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4864. 

  4864. <p><span class="font5">wǔshIb5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4865. 

  4865. <p><span class="font5">(59)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4866. 

  4866. <p><span class="font5">J I ǔsh1èr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4867. 

  4867. <p><span class="font5">(92)</span></p></td></tr>
    4868. 

  4868. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4869. 

  4869. <p><span class="font5">si sh1wǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4870. 

  4870. <p><span class="font5">(45 )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4871. 

  4871. <p><span class="font5">1 1ù s hIwǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4872. 

  4872. <p><span class="font5">(65)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4873. 

  4873. <p><span class="font5">J I ǔ s h i j I ǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4874. 

  4874. <p><span class="font5">(99)</span></p></td></tr>
    4875. 

  4875. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4876. 

  4876. <p><span class="font5">Notice that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shi</span><span class="font5">,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4877. 

  4877. <p><span class="font5">10,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4878. 

  4878. <p><span class="font5">loses its tone</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    4879. 

  4879. <p><span class="font5">in the examples above</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4880. 

  4880. <p><span class="font5">1</span></p></td></tr>
    4881. 

  4881. </table>
    4882. 

  4882. <h3><a name="bookmark94"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark95"></a>HUNDREDS</span></h3>
    4883. 

  4883. <p><span class="font5">Multiples of 100 are formed in the same way as multiples</span></p>
    4884. 

  4884. <table border="1">
    4885. 

  4885. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4886. 

  4886. <p><span class="font5">of 10: the words for</span></p></td><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4887. 

  4887. <p><span class="font5">1 through 9 followed by the word for</span></p></td></tr>
    4888. 

  4888. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4889. 

  4889. <p><span class="font5">&quot;hundred,&quot; - </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">b ǎ i </span><span class="font5">y 1 bǎ I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4890. 

  4890. <p><span class="font5">(100)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4891. 

  4891. <p><span class="font5">si bǎ I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4892. 

  4892. <p><span class="font5">(400)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4893. 

  4893. <p><span class="font5">qtbǎ I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4894. 

  4894. <p><span class="font5">(700)</span></p></td></tr>
    4895. 

  4895. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4896. 

  4896. <p><span class="font5">1 1 ǎngbǎ i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4897. 

  4897. <p><span class="font5">(200)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4898. 

  4898. <p><span class="font5">wǔbǎ i</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4899. 

  4899. <p><span class="font5">(500)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4900. 

  4900. <p><span class="font5">bābǎl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4901. 

  4901. <p><span class="font5">(800)</span></p></td></tr>
    4902. 

  4902. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4903. 

  4903. <p><span class="font5">(11ángbǎ 1 ) sffnbǎ1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4904. 

  4904. <p><span class="font5">(300)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4905. 

  4905. <p><span class="font5">(wúbǎ i )</span></p>
    4906. 

  4906. <p><span class="font5">1 1ù bǎ 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4907. 

  4907. <p><span class="font5">(600)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4908. 

  4908. <p><span class="font5">J 1ǔbǎI (Jlubǎi)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    4909. 

  4909. <p><span class="font5">(900)</span></p></td></tr>
    4910. 

  4910. </table>
    4911. 

  4911. <p><span class="font5">Notice that the word for I, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y T</span><span class="font5">, occurs before -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ I</span><span class="font5">, although It was not used before 10, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shT</span><span class="font5">. Note also the dTf'f ere nt word for 2 used when forming the hundreds. In the numbers </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2<sub>t</sub></span><span class="font5"> 12, and all numbers containing 2 up to 100, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">èr</span><span class="font5"> Is used. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Llang</span><span class="font5">— Is used with hundreds.</span></p>
    4912. 

  4912. <p><span class="font5">When forming numbers with &quot;hundred,&quot; remember that some of the numbers from I through 9 change tone before the Low tone of -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ i</span><span class="font5"> . Y± (I) changes from a High tone to a Falling tone. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">L1 ǎng</span><span class="font5"> (2), </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wǔ</span><span class="font5"> (5), and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">J Iu</span><span class="font5"> (9) change from Low tones to Rising tones.</span></p>
    4913. 

  4913. <p><span class="font5">yt &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yl bǎ I</span></p>
    4914. 

  4914. <p><span class="font5">I ling- &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I iSngbǎl (llángbSl)</span></p>
    4915. 

  4915. <p><span class="font5">wǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;wǔbǎI (wǔbǎ i)</span></p>
    4916. 

  4916. <p><span class="font5">Jlǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jlǔbǎi (Jlúbǎí)</span></p>
    4917. 

  4917. <p><span class="font5">The numbers I through 9 after the hundreds bring up a special point when there Is no number in the tens place: a zero, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Iíng</span><span class="font5">, Is used to mark that place.</span></p>
    4918. 

  4918. <p><a href="#bookmark96"><span class="font5">ylbǎillngyT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(101) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I IùbǎI Ifng I Iù</span></a></p>
    4919. 

  4919. <p><a href="#bookmark97"><span class="font5">I ISngbSIttngèr &nbsp;&nbsp;(202) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qTbǎiIfngqT</span></a></p>
    4920. 

  4920. <p><a href="#bookmark98"><span class="font5">tIiángbātIfnger) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bSbSilfngbff</span></a></p>
    4921. 

  4921. <p><span class="font5">slnbilllngstn &lt;303) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;J IùbǎI I IngjIí (909)</span></p>
    4922. 

  4922. <p><span class="font5">slbǎi I fngsl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(404 ) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(J Iúba I I I ngj I ǔ )</span></p>
    4923. 

  4923. <p><span class="font5">wǔbSI I Ingwǔ (505)</span></p>
    4924. 

  4924. <p><span class="font5">(wúbǎ iIIngwǔ )</span></p>
    4925. 

  4925. <p><span class="font5">When numbers Tn the teens follow the hundreds, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yT</span><span class="font5"> (I) is Inserted before the word for 10, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">shI</span><span class="font5">. To understand why this Is necessary, you need to distinguish between the numbers 1 through 9 and the numbers which label a group of numbers--more specifically, which label a power of 10, such as &quot;ten,&quot; </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sh I</span><span class="font5">, &quot;hundred,&quot; -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ I</span><span class="font5"> , and so on. The rule is that two numbers which are labels for other numbers (such as -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ I</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sh I</span><span class="font5">) cannot occur one after the other-. Therefore, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yT</span><span class="font5"> Is added before </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">sh f</span><span class="font5"> In the numbers I 10 through !!9,</span></p>
    4926. 

  4926. <table border="1">
    4927. 

  4927. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4928. 

  4928. <p><span class="font5">yì bǎ i yTsh í</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4929. 

  4929. <p><span class="font5">f 1 10 )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4930. 

  4930. <p><span class="font5">wūbǎ i yTsh1wǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4931. 

  4931. <p><span class="font5">(5 15)</span></p></td></tr>
    4932. 

  4932. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4933. 

  4933. <p><span class="font5">1 1 angbS1 yTsh1yT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4934. 

  4934. <p><span class="font5">(211)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4935. 

  4935. <p><span class="font5">b3bS1yTsh i1 ī ù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4936. 

  4936. <p><span class="font5">(816)</span></p></td></tr>
    4937. 

  4937. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4938. 

  4938. <p><span class="font5">s 1 b ǎ I y T s h f è r</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4939. 

  4939. <p><span class="font5">(412)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4940. 

  4940. <p><span class="font5">sffnbǎ iyTsh IqT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4941. 

  4941. <p><span class="font5">(317)</span></p></td></tr>
    4942. 

  4942. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4943. 

  4943. <p><span class="font5">j 1 ǔbǎ i yTsh i s5n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4944. 

  4944. <p><span class="font5">(913)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4945. 

  4945. <p><span class="font5">1 1 ùbā i yTsh i b3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4946. 

  4946. <p><span class="font5">(6 18)</span></p></td></tr>
    4947. 

  4947. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4948. 

  4948. <p><span class="font5">qTbā i yTsh i si</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4949. 

  4949. <p><span class="font5">(7 14)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4950. 

  4950. <p><span class="font5">ylbǎIyTsh1j1ǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4951. 

  4951. <p><span class="font5">(119)</span></p></td></tr>
    4952. 

  4952. </table>
    4953. 

  4953. <p><span class="font5">The High tone of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yT</span><span class="font5"> changes to a Falling tone before the Low tone of - </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bǎ i</span><span class="font5"> but does not change before </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">s h í</span><span class="font5">, as you would expect. The tone of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yT</span><span class="font5"> is usually affected by any tone which follows, but this case is an exception.</span></p>
    4954. 

  4954. <div>
    4955. 

  4955. <p><span class="font5">The remaining numbers In reguI a rIy.</span></p>
    4956. 

  4956. <p><a href="#bookmark99"><span class="font5">ylbǎlbSshiJiǔ</span></a></p>
    4957. 

  4957. <p><a href="#bookmark100"><span class="font5">I I ǎngbǎlèrshièr</span></a></p>
    4958. 

  4958. <p><span class="font5">$3nbǎ i si shI I 1li &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;( 346)</span></p>
    4959. 

  4959. <p><a href="#bookmark101"><span class="font5">slbālbSshf</span></a></p>
    4960. 

  4960. <p><a href="#bookmark102"><span class="font5">wǔbǎIsSnsh 1 yT</span></a></p>
    4961. 

  4961. </div><br clear="all">
    4962. 

  4962. <div>
    4963. 

  4963. <p><span class="font5">the hundreds are formed</span></p>
    4964. 

  4964. <p><span class="font5">IīùbSI sishIqT (647) qTbǎlsānshlI IÙ (736) bSbStqTshlJiǔ (979) J ī GbS TI lùshièr (962)</span></p>
    4965. 

  4965. </div><br clear="all">
    4966. 

  4966. <h3><a name="bookmark103"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark104"></a>THOUSANDS</span></h3>
    4967. 

  4967. <p><span class="font5">The word for &quot;thousand” Is -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qISn</span><span class="font5">. The thousands are</span></p>
    4968. 

  4968. <table border="1">
    4969. 

  4969. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4970. 

  4970. <p><span class="font5">formed In the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4971. 

  4971. <p><span class="font5">same way as</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4972. 

  4972. <p><span class="font5">the</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    4973. 

  4973. <p><span class="font5">hundreds.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4974. 

  4974. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4975. 

  4975. <p><span class="font5">y1q T 5n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4976. 

  4976. <p><span class="font5">(1,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4977. 

  4977. <p><span class="font5">1 1 ùq ī 5n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4978. 

  4978. <p><span class="font5">(6,000)</span></p></td></tr>
    4979. 

  4979. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4980. 

  4980. <p><span class="font5">11ǎngqISn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4981. 

  4981. <p><span class="font5">(2,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4982. 

  4982. <p><span class="font5">qTq Iffn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4983. 

  4983. <p><span class="font5">(7,000)</span></p></td></tr>
    4984. 

  4984. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4985. 

  4985. <p><span class="font5">sSnq i 5n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4986. 

  4986. <p><span class="font5">(3,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4987. 

  4987. <p><span class="font5">blq1</span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">5</span><span class="font5">n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4988. 

  4988. <p><span class="font5">(8,000)</span></p></td></tr>
    4989. 

  4989. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4990. 

  4990. <p><span class="font5">si q i 5n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4991. 

  4991. <p><span class="font5">(4,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4992. 

  4992. <p><span class="font5">j 1 u q 1 5 n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4993. 

  4993. <p><span class="font5">(9,000)</span></p></td></tr>
    4994. 

  4994. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4995. 

  4995. <p><span class="font5">wǔq13n</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    4996. 

  4996. <p><span class="font5">(5,000)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    4997. 

  4997. <tr><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4998. 

  4998. <p><span class="font5">Notice that 2 Is </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1 iǎng</span><span class="font5">- and that to a Falling tone before the High</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    4999. 

  4999. <p><span class="font5">the High tone of</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5000. 

  5000. <p><span class="font5">tone of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yT</span><span class="font5"> changes -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">q15n</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></td></tr>
    5001. 

  5001. </table>
    5002. 

  5002. <p><span class="font5">Rules concerning tone changes and use of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yT</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">H ng</span><span class="font5"> for numbers In the hundreds also apply to numbers in the thousands.</span></p>
    5003. 

  5003. <table border="1">
    5004. 

  5004. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5005. 

  5005. <p><span class="font5">yì q ī S'n 1 f ngbísh ī 1 í ìj</span></p>
    5006. 

  5006. <p><span class="font5">1 iǎngqiSnl íǎngbǎlèrshí wǔqI3n1 i ùbǎ1yTsh1 bāq I Sny 1 bǎ H t ngwìí</span></p>
    5007. 

  5007. <p><span class="font5">j1ǔq1Sn1f ngyTsh1qT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5008. 

  5008. <p><span class="font5">£ 1,086) (2,220) (5,610) £8,105) (9,017)</span></p></td></tr>
    5009. 

  5009. </table>
    5010. 

  5010. <p><span class="font5">The use of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ifng</span><span class="font5"> is expanded in numbers as large as thousands. The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Iíng</span><span class="font5"> can stand for two or more adjacent zeros. This use Is similar to the English &quot;and&quot; In &quot;one thousand </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">and</span><span class="font5"> one&quot; (1,001),</span></p>
    5011. 

  5011. <p><span class="font5">yl q i ?n </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I f ng</span><span class="font5">yT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1,001) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I I ù q ī 8 n </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I f n g</span><span class="font5"> I ī ù</span></p>
    5012. 

  5012. <div>
    5013. 

  5013. <p><span class="font5">(6,006)</span></p>
    5014. 

  5014. <p><span class="font5">(7,007)</span></p>
    5015. 

  5015. <p><span class="font5">(8,00S)</span></p>
    5016. 

  5016. <p><span class="font5">(9,009)</span></p>
    5017. 

  5017. <p><span class="font5">couId lead</span></p>
    5018. 

  5018. </div><br clear="all">
    5019. 

  5019. <p><span class="font5">IlǎngqiSn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">l íng</span><span class="font5">èr &nbsp;&nbsp;(2,002) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qTqISn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I í ng</span><span class="font5">qT</span></p>
    5020. 

  5020. <p><span class="font5">sing T Sn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Iī ng</span><span class="font5">sSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3,003) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b3qIffn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ií ng</span><span class="font5">bB</span></p>
    5021. 

  5021. <p><span class="font5">si q i Sn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">11 ng</span><span class="font5">sl &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4,004) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jIǔq1?n</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1I ng</span><span class="font5"> J 1ǔ</span></p>
    5022. 

  5022. <p><span class="font5">wùqISn</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">If ng</span><span class="font5">wù (5,005)</span></p>
    5023. 

  5023. <p><span class="font5">Seemingly, this expansion of the meaning of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">l_ f ng </span><span class="font5">to confusion, but compare the following:</span></p>
    5024. 

  5024. <p><span class="font5">yìqIffnslbSI if ng I Iù (1,406) yìq1SnIfngsìshI I Iù (1,046) ylqI In If ng I I ù &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(I,006)</span></p>
    5025. 

  5025. <p><span class="font5">ylqlínlfngllùshf (1,060)</span></p>
    5026. 

  5026. <p><span class="font5">The remaining numbers In the thousands are formed reguI ar Iy.</span></p>
    5027. 

  5027. <p><span class="font5">JlǔqlínllàngbàlqTshlbó qTqlSnsSnbǎlyTshlyT siqISnwǚbàIèrshIèr IlǎngqīSnylbǎíIIùshIsffn</span></p>
    5028. 

  5028. <div>
    5029. 

  5029. <p><span class="font5">(9,278) (7,311) (4,522) (2,163)</span></p>
    5030. 

  5030. </div><br clear="all">
    5031. 

  5031. <h3><a name="bookmark105"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark106"></a>TEN THOUSANDS</span></h3>
    5032. 

  5032. <p><span class="font5">The word for &quot;ten thousand&quot; Is -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wan</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
    5033. 

  5033. <p><span class="font5">yfwàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(10,000) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ilùwàn &nbsp;(60,000)</span></p>
    5034. 

  5034. <p><span class="font5">llàngwàn &nbsp;(20,000) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qfwàn &nbsp;&nbsp;(70,000)</span></p>
    5035. 

  5035. <p><span class="font5">sSnwàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(30,000) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;báwàn &nbsp;&nbsp;(80,000)</span></p>
    5036. 

  5036. <p><span class="font5">sìwàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(40,000) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;jlùwàn &nbsp;(90,000)</span></p>
    5037. 

  5037. <p><span class="font5">wǔwàn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(50,000)</span></p>
    5038. 

  5038. <p><span class="font5">Notice that the numbers yT, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qT</span><span class="font5">, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bff</span><span class="font5"> change from High tones to Rising tones before the FaTlIng tone of -wàn.</span></p>
    5039. 

  5039. <p><span class="font5">The rules for hundreds and thousands also apply to ten thousands: I) The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I ISng-</span><span class="font5"> (2) Is used with -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">wàn</span><span class="font5">, 2) Numbers which label a position cannot occur one right after another. 3) The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ling</span><span class="font5"> can stand for two or more adjacent zeros in a number.</span></p>
    5040. 

  5040. <p><span class="font5">JiùwànèrqlSnsānbǎlslshi I iù I I Sngwànèrq1ffnèrbāIèrsh I èr</span></p>
    5041. 

  5041. <div>
    5042. 

  5042. <p><span class="font5">(92,346 )</span></p>
    5043. 

  5043. <p><span class="font5">(22,222)</span></p>
    5044. 

  5044. </div><br clear="all">
    5045. 

  5045. <p><span class="font5">b á w à n</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ií ng</span><span class="font5">b5 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(8</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">0,00</span><span class="font5">8)</span></p>
    5046. 

  5046. <p><span class="font5">bá wà n</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I í ng</span><span class="font5">bffsh ī bS &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(8</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">0,0</span><span class="font5">88 3</span></p>
    5047. 

  5047. <p><span class="font5">báwàn </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I í ng</span><span class="font5">bgbǎ I bīsh I bā (80,888) [n the first two examples </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">èr</span><span class="font5"> ts used for 2 when it Is not the first digit In a number.- The second example clearly shows that native speakers may start off with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I ISng</span><span class="font5">- and then switch to èr.</span></p>
    5048. 

  5048. <p><span class="font5">Numbers in the ten thousands bring out a characteristic of the Chinese number system which Is truly different from the English system of numbers. Traditionally, Chinese numbers were written with the comma to the left of the fourth digit.</span></p>
    5049. 

  5049. <p><span class="font5">I iSngwànwǔqiSnwǔbàlsSInshl I 1 ù 2,5536</span></p>
    5050. 

  5050. <p><span class="font5">báwàn I Iùq1SnqtbǎIsìshIqT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8,6747</span></p>
    5051. 

  5051. <h3><a name="bookmark107"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark108"></a>ORDINAL NUMBERS</span></h3>
    5052. 

  5052. <p><span class="font5">Like the cardinal numbers, ordinal numbers in Chinese are also easily and regularly formed. The word for '’number,&quot; dì-( in the sense of &quot;number I<sup>1</sup>’} may be placed before any cardinal number to make It an ordinal number.</span></p>
    5053. 

  5053. <table border="1">
    5054. 

  5054. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5055. 

  5055. <p><span class="font5">dlyT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5056. 

  5056. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;number 1&quot;flrst&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5057. 

  5057. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5058. 

  5058. <p><span class="font5">dl èr</span></p>
    5059. 

  5059. <p><span class="font5">dl sffn</span></p>
    5060. 

  5060. <p><span class="font5">dl si</span></p>
    5061. 

  5061. <p><span class="font5">dì wǔ</span></p>
    5062. 

  5062. <p><span class="font5">dì 1 lù d ì è r s h f</span></p>
    5063. 

  5063. <p><span class="font5">The prefix </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">dl -</span><span class="font5"> must</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5064. 

  5064. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;number 2,&quot; &quot;second&quot;) (&quot;number 3,&quot; &quot;third&quot;) (&quot;number 4,&quot; &quot;fourth&quot;)</span></p>
    5065. 

  5065. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;number 5,&quot; &quot;fifth&quot;) (&quot;number 6,&quot; &quot;sixth&quot;) (&quot;twentIath&quot;)</span></p>
    5066. 

  5066. <p><span class="font5">be followed by a unit number, not by</span></p></td></tr>
    5067. 

  5067. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5068. 

  5068. <p><span class="font5">a number which 1$ a label</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5069. 

  5069. <p><span class="font5">for a group of numbers. For Instance:</span></p></td></tr>
    5070. 

  5070. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5071. 

  5071. <p><span class="font5">dl ylb§ 1</span></p>
    5072. 

  5072. <p><span class="font5">(NOT dìbS 1 )</span></p>
    5073. 

  5073. <p><span class="font5">dì yl q I līn</span></p>
    5074. 

  5074. <p><span class="font5">(NOT dlqlín) dlyI wan (NOT diwan)</span></p>
    5075. 

  5075. <p><span class="font5">Notice that this does NOT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5076. 

  5076. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;LoneJ hundredth&quot;)</span></p>
    5077. 

  5077. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Cone3 thousandth&quot;)</span></p>
    5078. 

  5078. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Conel ten thousandth&quot;)</span></p>
    5079. 

  5079. <p><span class="font5">hold true for the numbers 10 tc 19:</span></p></td></tr>
    5080. 

  5080. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5081. 

  5081. <p><span class="font5">d 1 sh í dlsh I yT dlsh f J 1 ǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5082. 

  5082. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;number 10,&quot; &quot;tenth&quot;)</span></p>
    5083. 

  5083. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;number 11,&quot; &quot;eleventh&quot;)</span></p>
    5084. 

  5084. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;number 19,&quot; &quot;nineteenth&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5085. 

  5085. </table>
    5086. 

  5086. <p><span class="font5">There is also another word, - </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hào</span><span class="font5">, which when used with a number refers to things in an order. Unlike the numbers used with dl -, the numbers with -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hāo</span><span class="font5"> come to be used as names for the ttīTngs they refer to, as Tn addresses or dates.</span></p>
    5087. 

  5087. <p><span class="font5">Dèíl JIS Slshièrhào (&quot;No. 42 Dà 11 Street&quot;)</span></p>
    5088. 

  5088. <p><span class="font5">SUnyuè SānshlyThào (&quot;March 31st<sup>11</sup>)</span></p>
    5089. 

  5089. <h3><a name="bookmark109"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark110"></a>SAYING NUMBERS ALOUD</span></h3>
    5090. 

  5090. <p><span class="font5">There are two ways to say numbers aloud, One way Is to give the full form of the number, Including the labels for the powers of 10.</span></p>
    5091. 

  5091. <p><span class="font5">80,011 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;báwàniíngyTshIyT</span></p>
    5092. 

  5092. <p><span class="font5">12,705 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;y(wànI IāngqISnqTbSI 1fngwǔ</span></p>
    5093. 

  5093. <p><span class="font5">70,009 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qíwàniíngjlu</span></p>
    5094. 

  5094. <p><span class="font5">48,347 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;siwànbSqISnsSnbāI sish1qT</span></p>
    5095. 

  5095. <p><span class="font5">The other way Is to use &quot;telephone style,&quot; leaving out the labels for the powers of 10.</span></p>
    5096. 

  5096. <p><span class="font5">80,011 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b3-Hng-I fng-yT-yT</span></p>
    5097. 

  5097. <p><span class="font5">12,705 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;yT-èr-qT-Ifng-wu</span></p>
    5098. 

  5098. <p><span class="font5">70,009 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;qT—Ifng-I íng-lÍng-Jiu</span></p>
    5099. 

  5099. <p><span class="font5">48,347 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;s1-bS-sSn-sl-qT</span></p>
    5100. 

  5100. <p><span class="font5">There are two things to notice when reeding numbers &quot;telephone style,&quot; First of all, since there Is a slight pause between each number, the tone of a syllable Is not changed by the next syllable. Therefore, ail numbers are pronounced with their basic tones. Secondly, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Ifng</span><span class="font5"> cannot stand for more than one zero (and Is repeated If need be),</span></p>
    5101. 

  5101. <p><span class="font5">&quot;Telephone style&quot; Is often used to Identify a year. The word for &quot;year,&quot; -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">n I án</span><span class="font5">, follows the numbers.</span></p>
    5102. 

  5102. <p><span class="font5">yT-JIǔ-wú-Iíng-nI an (1950)</span></p>
    5103. 

  5103. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS (CE)</span></p>
    5104. 

  5104. <table border="1">
    5105. 

  5105. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5106. 

  5106. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">CE</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5107. 

  5107. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    5108. 

  5108. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5109. 

  5109. <p><span class="font5">I.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5110. 

  5110. <p><span class="font5">Zao!</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5111. 

  5111. <p><span class="font5">Good morning.</span></p></td></tr>
    5112. 

  5112. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5113. 

  5113. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5114. 

  5114. <p><span class="font5">Women shàng kè ba.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5115. 

  5115. <p><span class="font5">let’s begin class.</span></p></td></tr>
    5116. 

  5116. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5117. 

  5117. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5118. 

  5118. <p><span class="font5">N1 tTng wo shuō.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5119. 

  5119. <p><span class="font5">Listen to me say It.</span></p></td></tr>
    5120. 

  5120. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5121. 

  5121. <p><span class="font5">4 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5122. 

  5122. <p><span class="font5">NT dong le ma?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5123. 

  5123. <p><span class="font5">Do you understand now?</span></p></td></tr>
    5124. 

  5124. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5125. 

  5125. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5126. 

  5126. <p><span class="font5">Wǒ bù dong.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5127. 

  5127. <p><span class="font5">1 don't understand.</span></p></td></tr>
    5128. 

  5128. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5129. 

  5129. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5130. 

  5130. <p><span class="font5">Dǒng le.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5131. 

  5131. <p><span class="font5">1 understand.</span></p></td></tr>
    5132. 

  5132. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5133. 

  5133. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5134. 

  5134. <p><span class="font5">QÌng gSnzhe wo shuO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5135. 

  5135. <p><span class="font5">Please repeat after me</span></p></td></tr>
    5136. 

  5136. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5137. 

  5137. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5138. 

  5138. <p><span class="font5">QT ng nI zà I shuǒ y f cl.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5139. 

  5139. <p><span class="font5">Please say 11 aga i n.</span></p></td></tr>
    5140. 

  5140. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5141. 

  5141. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5142. 

  5142. <p><span class="font5">Duì Ie.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5143. 

  5143. <p><span class="font5">That's correct.</span></p></td></tr>
    5144. 

  5144. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5145. 

  5145. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5146. 

  5146. <p><span class="font5">Bù duì .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5147. 

  5147. <p><span class="font5">That's not right.</span></p></td></tr>
    5148. 

  5148. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5149. 

  5149. <p><span class="font5">I 1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5150. 

  5150. <p><span class="font5">Wǒ bíi zhTdào.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5151. 

  5151. <p><span class="font5">1 don't know.</span></p></td></tr>
    5152. 

  5152. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5153. 

  5153. <p><span class="font5">12.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5154. 

  5154. <p><span class="font5">Shi shénme ylsl?</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5155. 

  5155. <p><span class="font5">What does It mean?</span></p></td></tr>
    5156. 

  5156. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5157. 

  5157. <p><span class="font5">13.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5158. 

  5158. <p><span class="font5">Hāo, wǒmen xià ke ba.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5159. 

  5159. <p><span class="font5">Okay, class Is over.</span></p></td></tr>
    5160. 

  5160. </table>
    5161. 

  5161. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">CE 2</span></p>
    5162. 

  5162. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5163. 

  5163. <p><span class="font5">I. Wǒ mél tTngqTngchu.</span></p></li>
    5164. 

  5164. <li>
    5165. 

  5165. <p><span class="font5">2. Wǒ you yIge wèntf,</span></p></li>
    5166. 

  5166. <li>
    5167. 

  5167. <p><span class="font5">3. NT shuǒcuò le.</span></p></li>
    5168. 

  5168. <li>
    5169. 

  5169. <p><span class="font5">4. Hide fāyTn bú +àI hSo.</span></p></li>
    5170. 

  5170. <li>
    5171. 

  5171. <p><span class="font5">5. NT gēn tff shuǒ.</span></p></li>
    5172. 

  5172. <li>
    5173. 

  5173. <p><span class="font5">6. Wáng Dànlán, nT wèn went!.</span></p></li>
    5174. 

  5174. <li>
    5175. 

  5175. <p><span class="font5">7. Hú M ě I 1 T n g , n 1 h u í d á .</span></p></li></ul>
    5176. 

  5176. <p><span class="font5">I didn’t hear clearly.</span></p>
    5177. 

  5177. <p><span class="font5">I have a question.</span></p>
    5178. 

  5178. <p><span class="font5">You said It wrong.</span></p>
    5179. 

  5179. <p><span class="font5">Your pronunciation isn’t too good.</span></p>
    5180. 

  5180. <p><span class="font5">You talk with him OR You tell It to him.</span></p>
    5181. 

  5181. <p><span class="font5">Wáng Dànián, you ask the questions.</span></p>
    5182. 

  5182. <p><span class="font5">Hú Mailing, you answer them.</span></p>
    5183. 

  5183. <p><span class="font7">0, &nbsp;</span><span class="font5">Q'íng riT fīnchéng Zhōngwén.</span></p>
    5184. 

  5184. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5185. 

  5185. <p><span class="font5">9, Qìng n't fSnchéng YTngwén.</span></p></li>
    5186. 

  5186. <li>
    5187. 

  5187. <p><span class="font5">10, Qlng dà yìdǐǎnr shSngyTn</span></p></li></ul>
    5188. 

  5188. <p><span class="font5">shuē.</span></p>
    5189. 

  5189. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5190. 

  5190. <p><span class="font5">II. Qlng man yldlanr shuC.</span></p></li>
    5191. 

  5191. <li>
    5192. 

  5192. <p><span class="font5">12, ZhSng LāoshT, nín hàol</span></p></li>
    5193. 

  5193. <li>
    5194. 

  5194. <p><span class="font5">13, MíngtI5n jlàn.</span></p></li>
    5195. 

  5195. <li>
    5196. 

  5196. <p><span class="font5">14,</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;"> Car</span><span class="font5"> Zhíīngwén zěnme shu5?</span></p></li></ul>
    5197. 

  5197. <p><span class="font5">Pieass translate it Into Ch Inese.</span></p>
    5198. 

  5198. <p><span class="font5">Please translate it Into Engl Is h.</span></p>
    5199. 

  5199. <p><span class="font5">Please talk a little louder.</span></p>
    5200. 

  5200. <p><span class="font5">Please talk a little slower,</span></p>
    5201. 

  5201. <p><span class="font5">Mr. (Teacher} ZhSng, how are you?</span></p>
    5202. 

  5202. <p><span class="font5">See you tomorrow.</span></p>
    5203. 

  5203. <p><span class="font5">How do you say &quot;car&quot; In Ch Inese?</span></p>
    5204. 

  5204. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TIME and DATES (T&amp;D)</span></p>
    5205. 

  5205. <h3><a name="bookmark111"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark112"></a>INTRODUCTION</span></h3>
    5206. 

  5206. <p><span class="font5">This resource module summarizes and supplements core module presentations involving dates and time. Time and Dates (T&amp;D) tapes I and 2 cover dates (year, month, day of the month, day of the week, and such expressions as &quot;next week<sup>1</sup>' and &quot;yesterday<sup>1</sup>'). TiD tapes 3 and 4 cover time (clock time and such expressions as &quot;In the morning<sup>1</sup>').</span></p>
    5207. 

  5207. <p><span class="font5">The prerequisites for this module are P&amp;R tapes 1-6 and NUM tapes 1-4. Otherwise, the Time and Dates Module Is self-contained. Note, however, that dates are Introduced with tapes </span><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">5</span><span class="font5"> and 6 of the Biographic Information Module and that time is Introduced with tapes 5 and 6 of the Money Module.</span></p>
    5208. 

  5208. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 1 WORKBOOK (DATES) <a name="footnote13"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark113">13</a></sup></span></p>
    5209. 

  5209. <div>
    5210. 

  5210. <p><span class="font5">of this module restates the rules</span></p>
    5211. 

  5211. </div><br clear="all">
    5212. 

  5212. <table border="1">
    5213. 

  5213. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5214. 

  5214. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exerc i se</span></p></td><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5215. 

  5215. <p><span class="font5">_l_ (Answers are on tape.)</span></p></td></tr>
    5216. 

  5216. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5217. 

  5217. <p><span class="font5">I ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5218. 

  5218. <p><span class="font5">(1 )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5219. 

  5219. <p><span class="font5">August 5th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5220. 

  5220. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5221. 

  5221. <p><span class="font5">September 5th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5222. 

  5222. <p><span class="font5">Í3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5223. 

  5223. <p><span class="font5">August 15th</span></p></td></tr>
    5224. 

  5224. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5225. 

  5225. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5226. 

  5226. <p><span class="font5">( I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5227. 

  5227. <p><span class="font5">August 2nd</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5228. 

  5228. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5229. 

  5229. <p><span class="font5">August 20th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5230. 

  5230. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5231. 

  5231. <p><span class="font5">July 1 Oth</span></p></td></tr>
    5232. 

  5232. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5233. 

  5233. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5234. 

  5234. <p><span class="font5">( I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5235. 

  5235. <p><span class="font5">January 20th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5236. 

  5236. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5237. 

  5237. <p><span class="font5">July 12th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5238. 

  5238. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5239. 

  5239. <p><span class="font5">October 20th</span></p></td></tr>
    5240. 

  5240. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5241. 

  5241. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5242. 

  5242. <p><span class="font5">(I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5243. 

  5243. <p><span class="font5">October 4th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5244. 

  5244. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5245. 

  5245. <p><span class="font5">February 8th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5246. 

  5246. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5247. 

  5247. <p><span class="font5">November 10th</span></p></td></tr>
    5248. 

  5248. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5249. 

  5249. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5250. 

  5250. <p><span class="font5">( I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5251. 

  5251. <p><span class="font5">February 9th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5252. 

  5252. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5253. 

  5253. <p><span class="font5">December 4th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5254. 

  5254. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5255. 

  5255. <p><span class="font5">June 14th</span></p></td></tr>
    5256. 

  5256. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5257. 

  5257. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5258. 

  5258. <p><span class="font5">( I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5259. 

  5259. <p><span class="font5">February 7th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5260. 

  5260. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5261. 

  5261. <p><span class="font5">December 7th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5262. 

  5262. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5263. 

  5263. <p><span class="font5">December 1st</span></p></td></tr>
    5264. 

  5264. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5265. 

  5265. <p><span class="font5">7 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5266. 

  5266. <p><span class="font5">(I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5267. 

  5267. <p><span class="font5">April 1st</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5268. 

  5268. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5269. 

  5269. <p><span class="font5">October 13th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5270. 

  5270. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5271. 

  5271. <p><span class="font5">May 7th</span></p></td></tr>
    5272. 

  5272. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5273. 

  5273. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5274. 

  5274. <p><span class="font5">{ I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5275. 

  5275. <p><span class="font5">October 10th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5276. 

  5276. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5277. 

  5277. <p><span class="font5">April 11 th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5278. 

  5278. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5279. 

  5279. <p><span class="font5">April 1st</span></p></td></tr>
    5280. 

  5280. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5281. 

  5281. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5282. 

  5282. <p><span class="font5">&lt; I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5283. 

  5283. <p><span class="font5">July 17th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5284. 

  5284. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5285. 

  5285. <p><span class="font5">March 19th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5286. 

  5286. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5287. 

  5287. <p><span class="font5">January 11 th</span></p></td></tr>
    5288. 

  5288. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5289. 

  5289. <p><span class="font5">IO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5290. 

  5290. <p><span class="font5">(I )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5291. 

  5291. <p><span class="font5">December 25th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5292. 

  5292. <p><span class="font5">(2)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5293. 

  5293. <p><span class="font5">July 31st</span></p>
    5294. 

  5294. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5295. 

  5295. <p><span class="font5">(3)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5296. 

  5296. <p><span class="font5">January 31st</span></p></td></tr>
    5297. 

  5297. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5298. 

  5298. <p><span class="font5">I .</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5299. 

  5299. <p><span class="font5">AprII 20th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5300. 

  5300. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5301. 

  5301. <p><span class="font5">March 14th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5302. 

  5302. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5303. 

  5303. <p><span class="font5">September 3rd</span></p></td></tr>
    5304. 

  5304. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5305. 

  5305. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5306. 

  5306. <p><span class="font5">May</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5307. 

  5307. <p><span class="font5">20th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5308. 

  5308. <p><span class="font5">5 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5309. 

  5309. <p><span class="font5">March 25th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5310. 

  5310. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5311. 

  5311. <p><span class="font5">July 3rd</span></p></td></tr>
    5312. 

  5312. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5313. 

  5313. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5314. 

  5314. <p><span class="font5">Ma y</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5315. 

  5315. <p><span class="font5">14th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5316. 

  5316. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5317. 

  5317. <p><span class="font5">September 25th</span></p>
    5318. 

  5318. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY II</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5319. 

  5319. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5320. 

  5320. <p><span class="font5">July 11 th</span></p></td></tr>
    5321. 

  5321. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5322. 

  5322. <p><span class="font5">I .</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5323. 

  5323. <p><span class="font5">February IB</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5324. 

  5324. <p><span class="font5">3 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5325. 

  5325. <p><span class="font5">July 20</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5326. 

  5326. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5327. 

  5327. <p><span class="font5">October 4</span></p></td></tr>
    5328. 

  5328. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5329. 

  5329. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5330. 

  5330. <p><span class="font5">November I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5331. 

  5331. <p><span class="font5">4 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5332. 

  5332. <p><span class="font5">May 4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5333. 

  5333. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5334. 

  5334. <p><span class="font5">July 1</span></p></td></tr>
    5335. 

  5335. </table>
    5336. 

  5336. <p><span class="font5">TfcD MODULE</span></p>
    5337. 

  5337. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 2 WORKBOOK (YEARS AND DAYS OF THE WEEK)</span></p>
    5338. 

  5338. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY I</span></p>
    5339. 

  5339. <table border="1">
    5340. 

  5340. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5341. 

  5341. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5342. 

  5342. <p><span class="font5">February</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5343. 

  5343. <p><span class="font5">22, 1732</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5344. 

  5344. <p><span class="font5">4 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5345. 

  5345. <p><span class="font5">June 15, 1215</span></p></td></tr>
    5346. 

  5346. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5347. 

  5347. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5348. 

  5348. <p><span class="font5">July 4+h,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5349. 

  5349. <p><span class="font5">1776</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5350. 

  5350. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5351. 

  5351. <p><span class="font5">May 8, 1945</span></p></td></tr>
    5352. 

  5352. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5353. 

  5353. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5354. 

  5354. <p><span class="font5">January 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5355. 

  5355. <p><span class="font5">, 1863</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5356. 

  5356. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5357. 

  5357. <p><span class="font5">April 7, 1939</span></p></td></tr>
    5358. 

  5358. </table>
    5359. 

  5359. <h4><a name="bookmark114"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark115"></a>DISPLAY II</span></h4>
    5360. 

  5360. <div>
    5361. 

  5361. <p><span class="font20" style="font-weight:bold;">«»</span></p>
    5362. 

  5362. </div><br clear="all">
    5363. 

  5363. <div>
    5364. 

  5364. <table border="1">
    5365. 

  5365. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5366. 

  5366. <p><span class="font5">LAST</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5367. 

  5367. <p><span class="font5">THIS</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5368. 

  5368. <p><span class="font5">NEXT</span></p></td></tr>
    5369. 

  5369. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5370. 

  5370. <p><span class="font5">1925</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5371. 

  5371. <p><span class="font5">1 926</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5372. 

  5372. <p><span class="font5">1 927</span></p></td></tr>
    5373. 

  5373. </table>
    5374. 

  5374. </div><br clear="all">
    5375. 

  5375. <div>
    5376. 

  5376. <table border="1">
    5377. 

  5377. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5378. 

  5378. <p><span class="font5">I960</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5379. 

  5379. <p><span class="font5">1961</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5380. 

  5380. <p><span class="font5">1962</span></p></td></tr>
    5381. 

  5381. </table>
    5382. 

  5382. </div><br clear="all">
    5383. 

  5383. <table border="1">
    5384. 

  5384. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5385. 

  5385. <p><span class="font5">Rea 1</span></p>
    5386. 

  5386. <p><span class="font5">T 1 me</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5387. 

  5387. <p><span class="font2">?</span></p></td></tr>
    5388. 

  5388. </table>
    5389. 

  5389. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise I</span></p>
    5390. 

  5390. <div>
    5391. 

  5391. <p><span class="font5">_______________S u n d a y</span></p>
    5392. 

  5392. <p><span class="font5">__________Monday</span></p>
    5393. 

  5393. <p><span class="font5">______________T u e s d a y</span></p>
    5394. 

  5394. <p><span class="font5">__________W ednesday</span></p>
    5395. 

  5395. </div><br clear="all">
    5396. 

  5396. <div>
    5397. 

  5397. <p><span class="font5">______________T h u r s d a y</span></p>
    5398. 

  5398. <p><span class="font5">_______________f r I d a y</span></p>
    5399. 

  5399. <p><span class="font5">____________S a T u r d a y</span></p>
    5400. 

  5400. </div><br clear="all">
    5401. 

  5401. <p><span class="font8" style="font-variant:small-caps;">tsd module</span></p>
    5402. 

  5402. <div>
    5403. 

  5403. <p><span class="font0"><sup>,k</sup></span></p>
    5404. 

  5404. </div><br clear="all">
    5405. 

  5405. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 2</span></p>
    5406. 

  5406. <table border="1">
    5407. 

  5407. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5408. 

  5408. <p><span class="font5">1.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5409. 

  5409. <p><span class="font5">Monday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5410. 

  5410. <p><span class="font5">Tuesday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5411. 

  5411. <p><span class="font5">Wednesday</span></p></td></tr>
    5412. 

  5412. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5413. 

  5413. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5414. 

  5414. <p><span class="font5">Thursday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5415. 

  5415. <p><span class="font5">Friday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5416. 

  5416. <p><span class="font5">Saturday</span></p></td></tr>
    5417. 

  5417. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5418. 

  5418. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5419. 

  5419. <p><span class="font5">Friday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5420. 

  5420. <p><span class="font5">Saturday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5421. 

  5421. <p><span class="font5">Sunday</span></p></td></tr>
    5422. 

  5422. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5423. 

  5423. <p><span class="font5">4 ,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5424. 

  5424. <p><span class="font5">Thursday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5425. 

  5425. <p><span class="font5">Fr1 day</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5426. 

  5426. <p><span class="font5">Saturday</span></p></td></tr>
    5427. 

  5427. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5428. 

  5428. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5429. 

  5429. <p><span class="font5">Wednesday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5430. 

  5430. <p><span class="font5">Thursday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5431. 

  5431. <p><span class="font5">Fri day</span></p></td></tr>
    5432. 

  5432. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5433. 

  5433. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5434. 

  5434. <p><span class="font5">Thu rsday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5435. 

  5435. <p><span class="font5">Friday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5436. 

  5436. <p><span class="font5">Saturday</span></p></td></tr>
    5437. 

  5437. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5438. 

  5438. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5439. 

  5439. <p><span class="font5">Monday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5440. 

  5440. <p><span class="font5">Tuesday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5441. 

  5441. <p><span class="font5">Wednesday</span></p></td></tr>
    5442. 

  5442. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5443. 

  5443. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5444. 

  5444. <p><span class="font5">Wednesday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5445. 

  5445. <p><span class="font5">Thursday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5446. 

  5446. <p><span class="font5">Friday</span></p></td></tr>
    5447. 

  5447. </table>
    5448. 

  5448. <h4><a name="bookmark116"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark117"></a>DISPLAY III</span></h4>
    5449. 

  5449. <p><span class="font5">March</span></p>
    5450. 

  5450. <table border="1">
    5451. 

  5451. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5452. 

  5452. <p><span class="font5">Sunday 3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5453. 

  5453. <p><span class="font5">Monday 4</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5454. 

  5454. <p><span class="font5">Tuesday 5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5455. 

  5455. <p><span class="font5">Wednesday</span></p>
    5456. 

  5456. <p><span class="font5">6</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5457. 

  5457. <p><span class="font5">Thursday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5458. 

  5458. <p><span class="font5">Fr1 day</span></p>
    5459. 

  5459. <p><span class="font5">8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5460. 

  5460. <p><span class="font5">Saturday</span></p>
    5461. 

  5461. <p><span class="font5">9</span></p></td></tr>
    5462. 

  5462. </table>
    5463. 

  5463. <p><span class="font5">August</span></p>
    5464. 

  5464. <table border="1">
    5465. 

  5465. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5466. 

  5466. <p><span class="font5">Sunday</span></p>
    5467. 

  5467. <p><span class="font5">12</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5468. 

  5468. <p><span class="font5">Monday 1 3</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5469. 

  5469. <p><span class="font5">Tuesday</span></p>
    5470. 

  5470. <p><span class="font5">14</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5471. 

  5471. <p><span class="font5">Wednesday</span></p>
    5472. 

  5472. <p><span class="font5">15</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5473. 

  5473. <p><span class="font5">Thursday</span></p>
    5474. 

  5474. <p><span class="font5">16</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5475. 

  5475. <p><span class="font5">Friday 1 7</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5476. 

  5476. <p><span class="font5">Satu rday 1 8</span></p></td></tr>
    5477. 

  5477. <tr><td colspan="7" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5478. 

  5478. <p><span class="font5">December</span></p></td></tr>
    5479. 

  5479. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5480. 

  5480. <p><span class="font5">Sunday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5481. 

  5481. <p><span class="font5">Monday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5482. 

  5482. <p><span class="font5">Tuesday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5483. 

  5483. <p><span class="font5">Wednesday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5484. 

  5484. <p><span class="font5">Thursday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5485. 

  5485. <p><span class="font5">FrI day</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5486. 

  5486. <p><span class="font5">Saturday</span></p></td></tr>
    5487. 

  5487. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5488. 

  5488. <p><span class="font5">20</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5489. 

  5489. <p><span class="font5">21</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5490. 

  5490. <p><span class="font5">22</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5491. 

  5491. <p><span class="font5">23</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5492. 

  5492. <p><span class="font5">24</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5493. 

  5493. <p><span class="font5">25</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5494. 

  5494. <p><span class="font5">26</span></p></td></tr>
    5495. 

  5495. </table>
    5496. 

  5496. <div>
    5497. 

  5497. <table border="1">
    5498. 

  5498. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5499. 

  5499. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE</span></p>
    5500. 

  5500. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;5:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.</span></p>
    5501. 

  5501. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">2. &nbsp;7:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.</span></p>
    5502. 

  5502. <p><span class="font13">1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">'■ /^T</span></p>
    5503. 

  5503. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">/io</span></p>
    5504. 

  5504. <p><span class="font7">9 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;n</span></p>
    5505. 

  5505. <p><span class="font13">A ) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;v <sup>X</sup></span></p>
    5506. 

  5506. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">3.</span></p>
    5507. 

  5507. <p><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">fl </span><span class="font7">\8</span></p>
    5508. 

  5508. <p><span class="font13">1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vu</span></p>
    5509. 

  5509. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font18" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><sup>5</sup>* at</span></p>
    5510. 

  5510. <p><span class="font7">710 </span><span class="font13">y&quot; </span><span class="font7">9 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\</span></p>
    5511. 

  5511. <p><span class="font7">\8</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5512. 

  5512. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">3 WORKBOOK (CLOCK TIME)</span></p>
    5513. 

  5513. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY 1</span></p>
    5514. 

  5514. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">2:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. 12:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. 11:00</span></p>
    5515. 

  5515. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">10:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. &nbsp;&nbsp;3:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8, &nbsp;&nbsp;8:00</span></p>
    5516. 

  5516. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY II</span></p>
    5517. 

  5517. <p><span class="font7">s. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>2</sup> • &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/ 12 X</span></p>
    5518. 

  5518. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">i\ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font19" style="font-style:italic;">/\x</span><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"> । iX</span></p>
    5519. 

  5519. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">A &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/io &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/ A</span></p>
    5520. 

  5520. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">al &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font7">19 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">o &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font7">31</span></p>
    5521. 

  5521. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">V &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;V</span></p>
    5522. 

  5522. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">X &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X. .6 jx</span></p>
    5523. 

  5523. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">iX &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/II । iX</span></p>
    5524. 

  5524. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">ì\ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/ia &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2\</span></p>
    5525. 

  5525. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">a] &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[9 &lt;L </span><span class="font7">3</span></p>
    5526. 

  5526. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">7 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7</span></p>
    5527. 

  5527. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">xL s Jx</span></p>
    5528. 

  5528. <p><span class="font9" style="font-variant:small-caps;">i'X &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<sup>61</sup> /\\</span></p>
    5529. 

  5529. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">\ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/ <sup>0</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2\</span></p>
    5530. 

  5530. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">7 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<sup>9</sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span class="font9" style="font-variant:small-caps;">j</span></p>
    5531. 

  5531. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">4/ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4/</span></p>
    5532. 

  5532. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">X &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;JX</span></p>
    5533. 

  5533. <p><span class="font5">81</span></p></td></tr>
    5534. 

  5534. </table>
    5535. 

  5535. </div><br clear="all">
    5536. 

  5536. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-31.jpg" alt="" style="width:122pt;height:115pt;">
    5537. 

  5537. </div><br clear="all">
    5538. 

  5538. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-32.jpg" alt="" style="width:122pt;height:115pt;">
    5539. 

  5539. </div><br clear="all">
    5540. 

  5540. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-33.jpg" alt="" style="width:135pt;height:115pt;">
    5541. 

  5541. </div><br clear="all">
    5542. 

  5542. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-34.jpg" alt="" style="width:128pt;height:115pt;">
    5543. 

  5543. </div><br clear="all">
    5544. 

  5544. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-35.jpg" alt="" style="width:122pt;height:115pt;">
    5545. 

  5545. </div><br clear="all">
    5546. 

  5546. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-36.jpg" alt="" style="width:122pt;height:109pt;">
    5547. 

  5547. </div><br clear="all">
    5548. 

  5548. <table border="1">
    5549. 

  5549. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5550. 

  5550. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exerc īse 1</span></p></td></tr>
    5551. 

  5551. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5552. 

  5552. <p><span class="font5">1. &nbsp;4:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4:15 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4:50 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4:45</span></p></td></tr>
    5553. 

  5553. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5554. 

  5554. <p><span class="font5">2. &nbsp;6:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6:15 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6:30 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6:45</span></p></td></tr>
    5555. 

  5555. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5556. 

  5556. <p><span class="font5">3. &nbsp;2:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2:15 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2:30 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2:45</span></p></td></tr>
    5557. 

  5557. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5558. 

  5558. <p><span class="font5">4. 12:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12:15 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12:30 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;12:45</span></p></td></tr>
    5559. 

  5559. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5560. 

  5560. <p><span class="font5">5 . i1:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11:15 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11:30 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;11:45</span></p></td></tr>
    5561. 

  5561. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5562. 

  5562. <p><span class="font5">(Answers are on page 83.)</span></p></td></tr>
    5563. 

  5563. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5564. 

  5564. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p></td></tr>
    5565. 

  5565. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5566. 

  5566. <p><span class="font5">1. &nbsp;&nbsp;10: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.</span></p></td></tr>
    5567. 

  5567. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5568. 

  5568. <p><span class="font5">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7. .</span></p></td></tr>
    5569. 

  5569. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5570. 

  5570. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">co uì</span></p></td></tr>
    5571. 

  5571. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5572. 

  5572. <p><span class="font5">4,9: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9 .</span></p></td></tr>
    5573. 

  5573. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5574. 

  5574. <p><span class="font5">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10.</span></p></td></tr>
    5575. 

  5575. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5576. 

  5576. <p><span class="font5">(Answers are on page 83.)</span></p></td></tr>
    5577. 

  5577. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5578. 

  5578. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p></td></tr>
    5579. 

  5579. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5580. 

  5580. <p><span class="font5">1 . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.</span></p></td></tr>
    5581. 

  5581. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5582. 

  5582. <p><span class="font5">2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.</span></p></td></tr>
    5583. 

  5583. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5584. 

  5584. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">Of a&gt;</span></p>
    5585. 

  5585. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">«</span></p></td></tr>
    5586. 

  5586. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5587. 

  5587. <p><span class="font5">4. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.</span></p></td></tr>
    5588. 

  5588. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5589. 

  5589. <p><span class="font5">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;10.</span></p></td></tr>
    5590. 

  5590. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5591. 

  5591. <p><span class="font5">(Answers are on page 83.)</span></p></td></tr>
    5592. 

  5592. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5593. 

  5593. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY III</span></p></td></tr>
    5594. 

  5594. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5595. 

  5595. <p><span class="font5">1. &nbsp;4:10 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. &nbsp;7:35 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5. &nbsp;&nbsp;1:04</span></p></td></tr>
    5596. 

  5596. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5597. 

  5597. <p><span class="font5">2. 12:25 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. &nbsp;6:43 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6. &nbsp;9:45</span></p></td></tr>
    5598. 

  5598. </table>
    5599. 

  5599. <p><span class="font5">4» ANSWERS TO TAPE 3 EXERCISES</span></p>
    5600. 

  5600. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ExercIse I</span></p>
    5601. 

  5601. <p><a href="#bookmark118"><span class="font5">I . &nbsp;4:30 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. &nbsp;6:00 &nbsp;&nbsp;‘ 3, &nbsp;&nbsp;2:45 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.</span></a></p>
    5602. 

  5602. <div>
    5603. 

  5603. <p><span class="font5">5. &nbsp;&nbsp;11:45</span></p>
    5604. 

  5604. </div><br clear="all">
    5605. 

  5605. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 2</span></p>
    5606. 

  5606. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5607. 

  5607. <p><span class="font5">I. 10:15</span></p></li></ul>
    5608. 

  5608. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5609. 

  5609. <p><a href="#bookmark119"><span class="font5">2.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5610. 

  5610. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5611. 

  5611. <p><a href="#bookmark120"><span class="font5">3.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5612. 

  5612. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5613. 

  5613. <p><a href="#bookmark121"><span class="font5">4.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5614. 

  5614. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5615. 

  5615. <p><a href="#bookmark122"><span class="font5">5.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5616. 

  5616. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p>
    5617. 

  5617. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5618. 

  5618. <p><span class="font5">I. 3:05</span></p></li></ul>
    5619. 

  5619. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5620. 

  5620. <p><a href="#bookmark123"><span class="font5">2.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5621. 

  5621. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5622. 

  5622. <p><a href="#bookmark124"><span class="font5">3.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5623. 

  5623. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5624. 

  5624. <p><a href="#bookmark125"><span class="font5">4.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5625. 

  5625. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5626. 

  5626. <p><a href="#bookmark126"><span class="font5">5.</span></a></p>
    5627. 

  5627. <div>
    5628. 

  5628. <p><a href="#bookmark127"><span class="font5">6.</span></a></p>
    5629. 

  5629. <p><a href="#bookmark128"><span class="font5">7,</span></a></p>
    5630. 

  5630. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5631. 

  5631. <p><a href="#bookmark129"><span class="font5">8.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5632. 

  5632. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5633. 

  5633. <p><a href="#bookmark130"><span class="font5">9.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5634. 

  5634. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5635. 

  5635. <p><a href="#bookmark131"><span class="font5">10.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5636. 

  5636. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5637. 

  5637. <p><a href="#bookmark132"><span class="font5">6.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5638. 

  5638. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5639. 

  5639. <p><a href="#bookmark133"><span class="font5">7.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5640. 

  5640. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5641. 

  5641. <p><a href="#bookmark134"><span class="font5">8.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5642. 

  5642. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5643. 

  5643. <p><a href="#bookmark135"><span class="font5">9.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5644. 

  5644. <ul style="list-style:none;"><li>
    5645. 

  5645. <p><a href="#bookmark136"><span class="font5">10.</span></a></p></li></ul>
    5646. 

  5646. </div><br clear="all">
    5647. 

  5647. <div style="border-bottom:solid;">
    5648. 

  5648. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">TAPE 4 WORKBOOK</span></p>
    5649. 

  5649. </div><br clear="all"></li></ul>
    5650. 

  5650. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">(CLOCK TIME AND PARTS OF THE DAY)</span></p>
    5651. 

  5651. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise I</span></p>
    5652. 

  5652. <div>
    5653. 

  5653. <p><span class="font5">Indicator</span></p>
    5654. 

  5654. </div><br clear="all">
    5655. 

  5655. <div>
    5656. 

  5656. <p><span class="font5">of past time</span></p>
    5657. 

  5657. </div><br clear="all">
    5658. 

  5658. <table border="1">
    5659. 

  5659. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5660. 

  5660. <p><span class="font5">1. &nbsp;____________ 4. &nbsp;____________ 7. &nbsp;__________„</span></p>
    5661. 

  5661. <p><span class="font5">2<a name="footnote14"></a><sup><a href="#bookmark137">14</a></sup> ________________ 5. ________________ 8. &nbsp;&nbsp;________________</span></p>
    5662. 

  5662. <p><span class="font5">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;__ 6. ________________ 9. ________________</span></p></td></tr>
    5663. 

  5663. </table>
    5664. 

  5664. <p><span class="font5">(Answers are on page 88.)</span></p>
    5665. 

  5665. <table border="1">
    5666. 

  5666. <tr><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5667. 

  5667. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY 1</span></p></td></tr>
    5668. 

  5668. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5669. 

  5669. <p><span class="font6">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5670. 

  5670. <p><span class="font6">6: 15</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5671. 

  5671. <p><span class="font6">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;9:20</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5672. 

  5672. <p><span class="font6">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5673. 

  5673. <p><span class="font6">1:17</span></p></td></tr>
    5674. 

  5674. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5675. 

  5675. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5676. 

  5676. <p><span class="font6">3í 10</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5677. 

  5677. <p><span class="font6">4. &nbsp;&nbsp;11:30</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5678. 

  5678. <p><span class="font6">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5679. 

  5679. <p><span class="font6">5:05</span></p></td></tr>
    5680. 

  5680. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5681. 

  5681. <p><span class="font6">DISPLAY II</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    5682. 

  5682. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5683. 

  5683. <p><span class="font6">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5684. 

  5684. <p><span class="font6">3:45</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5685. 

  5685. <p><span class="font6">3. &nbsp;&nbsp;11:40</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5686. 

  5686. <p><span class="font6">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5687. 

  5687. <p><span class="font6">7:55</span></p></td></tr>
    5688. 

  5688. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5689. 

  5689. <p><span class="font6">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5690. 

  5690. <p><span class="font6">1 : 50</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5691. 

  5691. <p><span class="font6">4. &nbsp;&nbsp;9:46</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5692. 

  5692. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5693. 

  5693. <p><span class="font6">12:59</span></p></td></tr>
    5694. 

  5694. </table>
    5695. 

  5695. <p><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;">DISPLAY til &lt;</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-37.jpg" alt="" style="width:362pt;height:301pt;">
    5696. 

  5696. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">T HE P.M. CLOCK</span></p><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-38.jpg" alt="" style="width:355pt;height:295pt;">
    5697. 

  5697. <div>
    5698. 

  5698. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exerc i se 2</span></p>
    5699. 

  5699. </div><br clear="all">
    5700. 

  5700. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-39.jpg" alt="" style="width:40pt;height:45pt;">
    5701. 

  5701. </div><br clear="all">
    5702. 

  5702. <div>
    5703. 

  5703. <p><span class="font5">I .</span></p>
    5704. 

  5704. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">2<sub>t</sub></span></p>
    5705. 

  5705. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p>
    5706. 

  5706. </div><br clear="all">
    5707. 

  5707. <div>
    5708. 

  5708. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p>
    5709. 

  5709. </div><br clear="all">
    5710. 

  5710. <p><span class="font6">7 . &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;_____________________</span></p>
    5711. 

  5711. <p><span class="font6">6, &nbsp;_______________</span></p>
    5712. 

  5712. <p><span class="font5">(Answers are on page 89.)</span></p>
    5713. 

  5713. <p><span class="font5">Exercise 3</span></p>
    5714. 

  5714. <table border="1">
    5715. 

  5715. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5716. 

  5716. <p><span class="font5">I.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5717. 

  5717. <p><span class="font5">last year February</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5718. 

  5718. <p><span class="font5">last year March</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5719. 

  5719. <p><span class="font5">last year April</span></p></td></tr>
    5720. 

  5720. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5721. 

  5721. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5722. 

  5722. <p><span class="font5">last year</span></p>
    5723. 

  5723. <p><span class="font5">J anuary</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5724. 

  5724. <p><span class="font5">this year Aprl I</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5725. 

  5725. <p><span class="font5">next year April</span></p></td></tr>
    5726. 

  5726. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5727. 

  5727. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5728. 

  5728. <p><span class="font5">this year</span></p>
    5729. 

  5729. <p><span class="font5">July</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5730. 

  5730. <p><span class="font5">this year January</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5731. 

  5731. <p><span class="font5">next year November</span></p></td></tr>
    5732. 

  5732. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5733. 

  5733. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5734. 

  5734. <p><span class="font5">last month 3rd</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5735. 

  5735. <p><span class="font5">this month 18th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5736. 

  5736. <p><span class="font5">next month 9th</span></p></td></tr>
    5737. 

  5737. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5738. 

  5738. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5739. 

  5739. <p><span class="font5">last month 20th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5740. 

  5740. <p><span class="font5">next month 5th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5741. 

  5741. <p><span class="font5">next month 2nd</span></p></td></tr>
    5742. 

  5742. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5743. 

  5743. <p><span class="font5" style="font-style:italic;">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5744. 

  5744. <p><span class="font5">last week Monday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5745. 

  5745. <p><span class="font5">this week Tuesday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5746. 

  5746. <p><span class="font5">next week</span></p>
    5747. 

  5747. <p><span class="font5">Friday</span></p></td></tr>
    5748. 

  5748. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5749. 

  5749. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5750. 

  5750. <p><span class="font5">this week Thursday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5751. 

  5751. <p><span class="font5">this week Saturday</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5752. 

  5752. <p><span class="font5">next week Wednesday</span></p></td></tr>
    5753. 

  5753. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5754. 

  5754. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5755. 

  5755. <p><span class="font5">August 6th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5756. 

  5756. <p><span class="font5">May 3rd</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5757. 

  5757. <p><span class="font5">December 1 I th</span></p></td></tr>
    5758. 

  5758. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5759. 

  5759. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5760. 

  5760. <p><span class="font5">July 2nd</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5761. 

  5761. <p><span class="font5">January 21st</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5762. 

  5762. <p><span class="font5">October 13th</span></p></td></tr>
    5763. 

  5763. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5764. 

  5764. <p><span class="font5">IO.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5765. 

  5765. <p><span class="font5">February 17th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5766. 

  5766. <p><span class="font5">March 30th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5767. 

  5767. <p><span class="font5">June 8th</span></p></td></tr>
    5768. 

  5768. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5769. 

  5769. <p><span class="font5">(Answers are on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5770. 

  5770. <p><span class="font5">page 88.)</span></p></td></tr>
    5771. 

  5771. </table>
    5772. 

  5772. <div>
    5773. 

  5773. <h4><a name="bookmark138"></a><span class="font6" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark139"></a>DISPLAY IV</span></h4>
    5774. 

  5774. </div><br clear="all">
    5775. 

  5775. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-40.jpg" alt="" style="width:96pt;height:113pt;">
    5776. 

  5776. </div><br clear="all">
    5777. 

  5777. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-41.jpg" alt="" style="width:258pt;height:131pt;">
    5778. 

  5778. </div><br clear="all">
    5779. 

  5779. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-42.jpg" alt="" style="width:38pt;height:28pt;">
    5780. 

  5780. </div><br clear="all">
    5781. 

  5781. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-43.jpg" alt="" style="width:256pt;height:136pt;">
    5782. 

  5782. </div><br clear="all">
    5783. 

  5783. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-44.jpg" alt="" style="width:88pt;height:112pt;">
    5784. 

  5784. </div><br clear="all">
    5785. 

  5785. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-45.jpg" alt="" style="width:260pt;height:112pt;">
    5786. 

  5786. <p><span class="font5">E C p.m.)</span></p>
    5787. 

  5787. </div><br clear="all">
    5788. 

  5788. <div><img src="FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText_files/FSI-StandardChinese-ResourceModule-StudentText-46.jpg" alt="" style="width:259pt;height:115pt;">
    5789. 

  5789. <p><span class="font5">G (p.m. 1</span></p>
    5790. 

  5790. <p><span class="font5">H Cnoonl</span></p>
    5791. 

  5791. </div><br clear="all">
    5792. 

  5792. <p><span class="font5">ANSWERS TO TAPE 4 EXERCISES</span></p>
    5793. 

  5793. <table border="1">
    5794. 

  5794. <tr><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5795. 

  5795. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 1</span></p></td></tr>
    5796. 

  5796. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5797. 

  5797. <p><span class="font5">1 . &nbsp;&nbsp;1:50</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5798. 

  5798. <p><span class="font5">4 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5799. 

  5799. <p><span class="font5">5:15</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5800. 

  5800. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5801. 

  5801. <p><span class="font5">4:20</span></p></td></tr>
    5802. 

  5802. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5803. 

  5803. <p><span class="font5">2. &nbsp;8:35</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5804. 

  5804. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5805. 

  5805. <p><span class="font5">8:05</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5806. 

  5806. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5807. 

  5807. <p><span class="font5">3:30</span></p></td></tr>
    5808. 

  5808. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5809. 

  5809. <p><span class="font5">3. &nbsp;6:00</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5810. 

  5810. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5811. 

  5811. <p><span class="font5">7:45</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5812. 

  5812. <p><span class="font5">9,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5813. 

  5813. <p><span class="font5">11:10</span></p></td></tr>
    5814. 

  5814. </table>
    5815. 

  5815. <table border="1">
    5816. 

  5816. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5817. 

  5817. <p><span class="font5">ExercIse</span></p></td><td colspan="8" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5818. 

  5818. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">2</span></p></td></tr>
    5819. 

  5819. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5820. 

  5820. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5821. 

  5821. <p><span class="font5">2:00</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5822. 

  5822. <p><span class="font5">p. m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5823. 

  5823. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5824. 

  5824. <p><span class="font5">9:45</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5825. 

  5825. <p><span class="font5">p .m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5826. 

  5826. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5827. 

  5827. <p><span class="font5">8:50</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5828. 

  5828. <p><span class="font5">p .r</span></p></td></tr>
    5829. 

  5829. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5830. 

  5830. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5831. 

  5831. <p><span class="font5">10: 15</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5832. 

  5832. <p><span class="font5">a .m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5833. 

  5833. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5834. 

  5834. <p><span class="font5">5:00</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5835. 

  5835. <p><span class="font5">a.m,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5836. 

  5836. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5837. 

  5837. <p><span class="font5">11:50</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5838. 

  5838. <p><span class="font5">p . m</span></p></td></tr>
    5839. 

  5839. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5840. 

  5840. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5841. 

  5841. <p><span class="font5">12:30</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5842. 

  5842. <p><span class="font5">p.m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5843. 

  5843. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5844. 

  5844. <p><span class="font5">6:25</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5845. 

  5845. <p><span class="font5">a ,m.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5846. 

  5846. <p><span class="font5">9,</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5847. 

  5847. <p><span class="font5">1 1 :O5</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5848. 

  5848. <p><span class="font5">a. nt</span></p></td></tr>
    5849. 

  5849. </table>
    5850. 

  5850. <table border="1">
    5851. 

  5851. <tr><td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5852. 

  5852. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise 3</span></p></td></tr>
    5853. 

  5853. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5854. 

  5854. <p><span class="font5">1 .</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5855. 

  5855. <p><span class="font5">last year February</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5856. 

  5856. <p><span class="font5">6.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5857. 

  5857. <p><span class="font5">this week</span></p>
    5858. 

  5858. <p><span class="font5">Tuesday</span></p></td></tr>
    5859. 

  5859. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5860. 

  5860. <p><span class="font5">2.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5861. 

  5861. <p><span class="font5">th 1 s</span></p>
    5862. 

  5862. <p><span class="font5">Aprl 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5863. 

  5863. <p><span class="font5">year</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5864. 

  5864. <p><span class="font5">7.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5865. 

  5865. <p><span class="font5">next week Wednesday</span></p></td></tr>
    5866. 

  5866. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5867. 

  5867. <p><span class="font5">3.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5868. 

  5868. <p><span class="font5">th I s July</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5869. 

  5869. <p><span class="font5">year</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5870. 

  5870. <p><span class="font5">8.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5871. 

  5871. <p><span class="font5">August 6th</span></p></td></tr>
    5872. 

  5872. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5873. 

  5873. <p><span class="font5">4.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5874. 

  5874. <p><span class="font5">next 9th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5875. 

  5875. <p><span class="font5">month</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5876. 

  5876. <p><span class="font5">9.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5877. 

  5877. <p><span class="font5">January 21st</span></p></td></tr>
    5878. 

  5878. <tr><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5879. 

  5879. <p><span class="font5">5.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5880. 

  5880. <p><span class="font5">1 ast</span></p>
    5881. 

  5881. <p><span class="font5">20th</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5882. 

  5882. <p><span class="font5">month</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5883. 

  5883. <p><span class="font5">10.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5884. 

  5884. <p><span class="font5">June 8th</span></p></td></tr>
    5885. 

  5885. </table>
    5886. 

  5886. <p><span class="font9" style="font-weight:bold;">SUMMARY</span></p>
    5887. 

  5887. <h3><a name="bookmark140"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark141"></a>MONTH, DAY, AND YEAR</span></h3>
    5888. 

  5888. <p><span class="font5">in Chinese, the name's for the months of the year are the numbers I through 12 fol lowed by the word for &quot;month/<sup>1</sup> </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuè</span><span class="font5">. *</span></p>
    5889. 

  5889. <table border="1">
    5890. 

  5890. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5891. 

  5891. <p><span class="font5">Y I yuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5892. 

  5892. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;January&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5893. 

  5893. <p><span class="font5">Qíyuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5894. 

  5894. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;July&quot; )</span></p></td></tr>
    5895. 

  5895. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5896. 

  5896. <p><span class="font5">Eryuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5897. 

  5897. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Februa ry&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5898. 

  5898. <p><span class="font5">Báyuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5899. 

  5899. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;August&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5900. 

  5900. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5901. 

  5901. <p><span class="font5">SJnyuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5902. 

  5902. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;March&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5903. 

  5903. <p><span class="font5">J I ǚy uè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5904. 

  5904. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;September&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5905. 

  5905. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5906. 

  5906. <p><span class="font5">Si yuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5907. 

  5907. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Apri1&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5908. 

  5908. <p><span class="font5">Sh íyuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5909. 

  5909. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;October&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5910. 

  5910. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5911. 

  5911. <p><span class="font5">wǔy uè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5912. 

  5912. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;May&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5913. 

  5913. <p><span class="font5">Sh fyTyuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5914. 

  5914. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;November&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5915. 

  5915. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5916. 

  5916. <p><span class="font5">L í ùyuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5917. 

  5917. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;June&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5918. 

  5918. <p><span class="font5">Sh íèryuè</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5919. 

  5919. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;December&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5920. 

  5920. </table>
    5921. 

  5921. <p><span class="font5">The tones on the numbers </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y T</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qt</span><span class="font5">, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">b_5</span><span class="font5"> change to Rising tones before the Failing tone of </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yue</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
    5922. 

  5922. <p><span class="font5">The day of the month Is expressed by the number of the day</span></p>
    5923. 

  5923. <table border="1">
    5924. 

  5924. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5925. 

  5925. <p><span class="font5">fo11 owed</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5926. 

  5926. <p><span class="font5">by the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5927. 

  5927. <p><span class="font5">bound word -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hào</span><span class="font5">.</span></p></td><td colspan="4" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5928. 

  5928. <p><span class="font5">Literally, -</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">hào</span><span class="font5"> means &quot;number</span></p></td></tr>
    5929. 

  5929. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5930. 

  5930. <p><span class="font5">slhào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5931. 

  5931. <p><span class="font5">(</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5932. 

  5932. <p><span class="font5">&quot;the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5933. 

  5933. <p><span class="font5">4th&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    5934. 

  5934. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5935. 

  5935. <p><span class="font5">q í hào</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5936. 

  5936. <p><span class="font5">(</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5937. 

  5937. <p><span class="font5">&quot;the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:middle;">
    5938. 

  5938. <p><span class="font5">7th&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    5939. 

  5939. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5940. 

  5940. <p><span class="font5">sh íqThào (sh í q í hào)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5941. 

  5941. <p><span class="font5">(</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5942. 

  5942. <p><span class="font5">&quot;the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5943. 

  5943. <p><span class="font5">17th&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    5944. 

  5944. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5945. 

  5945. <p><span class="font5">èrsh i bShèo</span></p>
    5946. 

  5946. <p><span class="font5">(èrshIbáhāo)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5947. 

  5947. <p><span class="font5">(</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5948. 

  5948. <p><span class="font5">&quot;the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5949. 

  5949. <p><span class="font5">2Sth&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    5950. 

  5950. <tr><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5951. 

  5951. <p><span class="font5">Notice that the tone when part speaker„</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">
    5952. 

  5952. <p><span class="font5">numbers yT, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qt</span><span class="font5">, and of a larger number.</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5953. 

  5953. <p><span class="font5">bS TKl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5954. 

  5954. <p><span class="font5">do not always s varies from</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5955. 

  5955. <p><span class="font5">change speaker to</span></p></td></tr>
    5956. 

  5956. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5957. 

  5957. <p><span class="font5">The</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5958. 

  5958. <p><span class="font5">order</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5959. 

  5959. <p><span class="font5">of the month and</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5960. 

  5960. <p><span class="font5">the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5961. 

  5961. <p><span class="font5">day</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5962. 

  5962. <p><span class="font5">of the month</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5963. 

  5963. <p><span class="font5">1 s the</span></p></td></tr>
    5964. 

  5964. </table>
    5965. 

  5965. <p><span class="font5">same in Chinese as It Is In English:</span></p>
    5966. 

  5966. <p><span class="font5">Qíyuè slhào &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;July 4&quot;)</span></p>
    5967. 

  5967. <p><span class="font5">Báyuè Jlǔhào &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;August 9&quot;)</span></p>
    5968. 

  5968. <p><span class="font5">Shíèryue èrshièrhào (&quot;December 22”)</span></p>
    5969. 

  5969. <p><span class="font5">*</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Yuè</span><span class="font5"> was introduced in the Biographic Information Module with the spelling </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yuè</span><span class="font5">. Starting with the Money Module, the umlaut is written only where It Is necessary In </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTny Tn</span><span class="font5">: after n_ and 1 to distinguish </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nu</span><span class="font5"> from nŪ and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Iu</span><span class="font5"> from </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Iu</span><span class="font5">.</span></p>
    5970. 

  5970. <p><span class="font5">To ask what month or what day of the month it is, use the question word JT — &gt;&nbsp;&quot;how many&quot;:</span></p>
    5971. 

  5971. <p><span class="font5">Zhèīge yuè shl Jlyuè? (&quot;What month Is this?&quot;)</span></p>
    5972. 

  5972. <p><span class="font5">JTntian j”íhào? &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;What Is today's date?&quot;)</span></p>
    5973. 

  5973. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">J1</span><span class="font5"> - ís usually used when the number In the answer Is expected to be no more than 10 or so (</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">duōs.hao</span><span class="font5"> being used otherwise). But notice that </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">JT</span><span class="font5"> - Is used for the day of the month, when the answer may contaTF a number up to 31.</span></p>
    5974. 

  5974. <p><span class="font5">in Identifying years, four single-digit numbers are followed by the word »</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nI in</span><span class="font5">, &quot;year&quot;:</span></p>
    5975. 

  5975. <p><span class="font5">YTJI ǔèr I 1ùnIán (I 926)</span></p>
    5976. 

  5976. <p><span class="font5">YTJIusānsSnnIán (1933)</span></p>
    5977. 

  5977. <p><span class="font5">YTJ i ǔslern fan (1942)</span></p>
    5978. 

  5978. <p><span class="font5">YTJĪūwǔtfngnián (1950)</span></p>
    5979. 

  5979. <p><span class="font5">These numbers are given in &quot;telephone style&quot; (one by one), not combined into a larger number. </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">YT</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">qT</span><span class="font5">, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">bS</span><span class="font5"> do not change tone In &quot;telephone style.&quot;</span></p>
    5980. 

  5980. <p><span class="font5">When asking &quot;what year?&quot; the question word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nēInIán</span><span class="font5"> Is used: NT shl neínián shSngde? (&quot;What year were you born?&quot;)</span></p>
    5981. 

  5981. <p><span class="font5">When giving the month, day, and year In Chinese, proceed from the larger to the smaller:</span></p>
    5982. 

  5982. <p><span class="font5">YTqTqTI IùnIán Qíyue sìhào (&quot;July 4, 1776&quot;)</span></p>
    5983. 

  5983. <p><span class="font5">YTJIǔwǔI!ngn1án SSnyue sSnshīyThào (&quot;March 31, 1950&quot;)</span></p>
    5984. 

  5984. <p><span class="font5">YTJIuIíng Ifngnián Llùyue shíwuhào (&quot;June 15, 1900&quot;)</span></p>
    5985. 

  5985. <p><span class="font5">Notice that the word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I íng</span><span class="font5">, &quot;zero,&quot; is Inserted each.time a zero Is used.</span></p>
    5986. 

  5986. <h3><a name="bookmark142"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark143"></a>DAYS OF THE WEEK</span></h3>
    5987. 

  5987. <p><span class="font5">The names for days of the week from Monday through Saturday are formed by using the word for &quot;week,&quot; </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">xTng</span><span class="font5">, followed by a number. Notice that the Chinese week begins on Monday.</span></p>
    5988. 

  5988. <table border="1">
    5989. 

  5989. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5990. 

  5990. <p><span class="font5">xTngqT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5991. 

  5991. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;week&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5992. 

  5992. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5993. 

  5993. <p><span class="font5">XTngqTyT</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5994. 

  5994. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Monday&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5995. 

  5995. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5996. 

  5996. <p><span class="font5">XTngqTèr</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    5997. 

  5997. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Tuesday&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    5998. 

  5998. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    5999. 

  5999. <p><span class="font5">XTngqTsSn</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6000. 

  6000. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Wednesday&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    6001. 

  6001. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6002. 

  6002. <p><span class="font5">XTngqTsl</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6003. 

  6003. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Thu rsday&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    6004. 

  6004. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6005. 

  6005. <p><span class="font5">XTngqTwú</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6006. 

  6006. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Friday&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    6007. 

  6007. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6008. 

  6008. <p><span class="font5">XìngqTI1ù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6009. 

  6009. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Saturday&quot;)</span></p></td></tr>
    6010. 

  6010. </table>
    6011. 

  6011. <p><span class="font5">There are two different words for &quot;Sunday, neither con taintng a number:</span></p>
    6012. 

  6012. <p><span class="font5">XTngqTtijn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;Sunday”)</span></p>
    6013. 

  6013. <p><span class="font5">XTngqTrl</span></p>
    6014. 

  6014. <p><span class="font5">Literally, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">XTngqTt]īn</span><span class="font5"> Is &quot;heaven day,&quot; and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">XT ngqTrl</span><span class="font5"> is &quot;sun day,&quot;</span></p>
    6015. 

  6015. <p><span class="font5">In addition to these commonly used names, which are</span></p>
    6016. 

  6016. <p><span class="font5">standard in the Peopíe’s Republic formed with </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">1T b a |</span><span class="font5">:</span></p>
    6017. 

  6017. <p><span class="font5">LlbàlyT LT bà1èr LTbà ǐsīn LT ba ī si LTbàIwǔ LÌbàI I [ù LT bà IT i Sri Lībàirl</span></p>
    6018. 

  6018. <p><span class="font5">To ask what day of the week is used:</span></p>
    6019. 

  6019. <p><span class="font5">JTntǐBn xTngqTJŪ JTntǐīn iībàlJJJ</span></p>
    6020. 

  6020. <div>
    6021. 

  6021. <p><span class="font5">of China, there are names</span></p>
    6022. 

  6022. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;Monday&quot;) ('’Tuesday&quot;) (&quot;Wednesday<sup>1</sup>’) (&quot;Thursday’') (&quot;Friday&quot;) {&quot;Saturday’') {&quot;Sunday&quot;)</span></p>
    6023. 

  6023. <p><span class="font5">It is, the question word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">JT</span><span class="font5">-</span></p>
    6024. 

  6024. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;What day is today?&quot;) (&quot;Wha+ day Is today?&quot;)</span></p>
    6025. 

  6025. </div><br clear="all">
    6026. 

  6026. <div>
    6027. 

  6027. <p><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;">TIME WORDS WITH DAY, WEEK, MONTH, AND YEAR</span></p>
    6028. 

  6028. <p><span class="font5">&quot;next year,&quot; and</span></p>
    6029. 

  6029. </div><br clear="all">
    6030. 

  6030. <div>
    6031. 

  6031. <p><span class="font5">The words for &quot;this year, words for &quot;today,” &quot;tomorrow,&quot; one except ion (*):</span></p>
    6032. 

  6032. <p><span class="font5">JTnn1án (&quot;this year&quot;) mf ngn i án (&quot;next year&quot;)</span></p>
    6033. 

  6033. <p><span class="font5">*qu n i s n</span></p>
    6034. 

  6034. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;last year&quot;) hourián</span></p>
    6035. 

  6035. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;year after next&quot;) q i án n1á n</span></p>
    6036. 

  6036. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;year before last&quot;)</span></p>
    6037. 

  6037. </div><br clear="all">
    6038. 

  6038. <div>
    6039. 

  6039. <p><span class="font5">and so on and the</span></p>
    6040. 

  6040. <p><span class="font5">so forth are parallel, with</span></p>
    6041. 

  6041. <p><span class="font5">JTntlJn</span></p>
    6042. 

  6042. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;today&quot;)</span></p>
    6043. 

  6043. <p><span class="font5">mi ngtIīn</span></p>
    6044. 

  6044. <p><span class="font5">{&quot;tomorrow&quot;)</span></p>
    6045. 

  6045. <p><span class="font5">zuót íSn</span></p>
    6046. 

  6046. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;yesterday&quot;)</span></p>
    6047. 

  6047. <p><span class="font5">hòutI3n</span></p>
    6048. 

  6048. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;day after tomorrow&quot;)</span></p>
    6049. 

  6049. <p><span class="font5">q i á nt i ffn</span></p>
    6050. 

  6050. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;day before yesterday&quot;)</span></p>
    6051. 

  6051. </div><br clear="all">
    6052. 

  6052. <p><span class="font5">The words for &quot;this month,” ’'next month,&quot; and so on and the words for &quot;this week,&quot; &quot;next week,&quot; and so forth are parallel:</span></p>
    6053. 

  6053. <div>
    6054. 

  6054. <p><span class="font5">zhèlge yuè</span></p>
    6055. 

  6055. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;this month&quot;)</span></p>
    6056. 

  6056. <p><span class="font5">xiàge yuè</span></p>
    6057. 

  6057. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;next month&quot;)</span></p>
    6058. 

  6058. <p><span class="font5">shàngge yuè</span></p>
    6059. 

  6059. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;last month&quot;)</span></p>
    6060. 

  6060. </div><br clear="all">
    6061. 

  6061. <p><span class="font5">zhèlge xTngqT OR</span></p>
    6062. 

  6062. <p><span class="font5">zhèlge I ì bà 1 (&quot;this week&quot;)</span></p>
    6063. 

  6063. <p><span class="font5">xiàge xTngqT OR xiàge 11 b à i (&quot;next week&quot;)</span></p>
    6064. 

  6064. <p><span class="font5">shàngge xTngqT OR shàngge iībàl (&quot;last week&quot;)</span></p>
    6065. 

  6065. <h3><a name="bookmark144"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark145"></a>TELLING TIME</span></h3>
    6066. 

  6066. <div>
    6067. 

  6067. <table border="1">
    6068. 

  6068. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6069. 

  6069. <p><span class="font5">Dlān, literally meaning &quot;dot,&quot; Is the counter for hours</span></p></td></tr>
    6070. 

  6070. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6071. 

  6071. <p><span class="font5">on</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6072. 

  6072. <p><span class="font5">the clock. The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhōng</span><span class="font5">, &quot;o'clock&quot; (literally &quot;clock&quot;),</span></p></td></tr>
    6073. 

  6073. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6074. 

  6074. <p><span class="font5">í s</span></p>
    6075. 

  6075. <p><span class="font5">is</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6076. 

  6076. <p><span class="font5">added optionally.</span></p>
    6077. 

  6077. <p><span class="font5">Yldiān (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1:00) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;QTdlàn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(7:00)</span></p>
    6078. 

  6078. <p><span class="font5">Liàngdlǎn (zhōng) &nbsp;(2:00) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BSdiǎn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(8:00)</span></p>
    6079. 

  6079. <p><span class="font5">SōndlSn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3:00) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jlǔdiàn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(9:00)</span></p>
    6080. 

  6080. <p><span class="font5">Sldiàn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(4:00) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shídiǎn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(10:00)</span></p>
    6081. 

  6081. <p><span class="font5">WúdlSn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5:00) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ShfyTdian (zhōng) &nbsp;(11:00)</span></p>
    6082. 

  6082. <p><span class="font5">LlùdlSn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(6:00) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Shièrdiǎn (zhōng) &nbsp;(12:00)</span></p>
    6083. 

  6083. <p><span class="font5">To express time on the half hour, the word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ban</span><span class="font5">, &quot;half,&quot; used :</span></p></td></tr>
    6084. 

  6084. </table>
    6085. 

  6085. </div><br clear="all">
    6086. 

  6086. <div>
    6087. 

  6087. <p><span class="font21" style="font-variant:small-caps;">•j</span></p>
    6088. 

  6088. </div><br clear="all">
    6089. 

  6089. <p><span class="font5">Llàngdlǎn bin (zhōng) (2:30)</span></p>
    6090. 

  6090. <p><span class="font5">Wǔdlín bàn (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(5:30)</span></p>
    6091. 

  6091. <p><span class="font5">J lūdTSn ban (zhōng) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(9:30)</span></p>
    6092. 

  6092. <p><span class="font5">ShíyTdlàn bin (zhōng) (11:30)</span></p>
    6093. 

  6093. <p><span class="font5">Notice that these expressions can also end In </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhōng</span><span class="font5">, &quot;o’clock.&quot;</span></p>
    6094. 

  6094. <p><span class="font5">To express time on the quarter hour, the word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">kè</span><span class="font5">, &quot;quarter,&quot; I $ used:</span></p>
    6095. 

  6095. <p><span class="font5">Yldlan y f kè (1:15, &quot;a quarter after I&quot;)</span></p>
    6096. 

  6096. <p><span class="font5">Llāngdlàn sōnkè (2:45, &quot;three quarters past 2&quot;)</span></p>
    6097. 

  6097. <p><span class="font5">WudiSn yíkè (5:15, &quot;a quarter past 5&quot;)</span></p>
    6098. 

  6098. <p><span class="font5">Shfèrdlān sōnkè (12:45, &quot;three quarters past 12&quot;)</span></p>
    6099. 

  6099. <p><span class="font5">A more specific way to express the idea of &quot;quarter </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">p a st</span><span class="font5"> the hour&quot; is with the word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">guò</span><span class="font5">, &quot;to pass&quot;:</span></p>
    6100. 

  6100. <p><span class="font5">sldiān guò yíkè (&quot;a quarter past 4*')</span></p>
    6101. 

  6101. <p><span class="font5">shíèrdtān guò yíkè (&quot;a quarter past 12&quot;)</span></p>
    6102. 

  6102. <p><span class="font5">To express the Idea of &quot;quarter </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">to</span><span class="font5"> the hour,&quot; the word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chà</span><span class="font5">, &quot;to lack,&quot; may be used:</span></p>
    6103. 

  6103. <p><span class="font5">j I ǔd I ān chà yíkè OR</span></p>
    6104. 

  6104. <p><span class="font5">chà yíkè JlǔdlSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;a quarter to 9&quot;)</span></p>
    6105. 

  6105. <p><span class="font5">shíyTdiān chà yíkè OR</span></p>
    6106. 

  6106. <p><span class="font5">chà yíkè shíyTdiān (&quot;a quarter to II<sup>1</sup>’)</span></p>
    6107. 

  6107. <p><span class="font5">With expressions of quarter hours before the hour, two word orders are possible. (Only one Is possible with expressions of time after the hour.)</span></p>
    6108. 

  6108. <p><span class="font5">Expressions of quarter hours before the hour or past the hour do not end in </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">zhCng</span><span class="font5">, <sup>11</sup> o<sup>T</sup> clock.&quot;</span></p>
    6109. 

  6109. <p><span class="font5">The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">f 5n</span><span class="font5">, &quot;minute,&quot; Is used to give the exact time:</span></p>
    6110. 

  6110. <p><span class="font5">I lǎngdlān shíwtifān &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(2:15)</span></p>
    6111. 

  6111. <p><span class="font5">bīdíān èrshlèrfSn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(8:22)</span></p>
    6112. 

  6112. <p><span class="font5">Shídlān shffffn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(10:10)</span></p>
    6113. 

  6113. <p><span class="font5">shfèrdlān sínshiqTfān (12:37)</span></p>
    6114. 

  6114. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">F5n</span><span class="font5"> may be omitted ín longer time expressions:</span></p>
    6115. 

  6115. <p><span class="font5">yìdlān sSnshiwǔ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(1:35)</span></p>
    6116. 

  6116. <p><span class="font5">yld1àn sSnshIwǔf ēn</span></p>
    6117. 

  6117. <p><span class="font5">The word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ling</span><span class="font5">, &quot;zero,&quot; may be added to clarify a time exp ressI on :</span></p>
    6118. 

  6118. <p><span class="font5">sSndiān wǔfffn &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(3:05)</span></p>
    6119. 

  6119. <p><span class="font5">s5nd1 an ling wǔf3n</span></p>
    6120. 

  6120. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">Guò</span><span class="font5"> and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">chà</span><span class="font5"> may be used with time expressions Including minutes:</span></p>
    6121. 

  6121. <p><span class="font5">sffndlān guò èrshlfSn (&quot;20 minutes after 3&quot;)</span></p>
    6122. 

  6122. <p><span class="font5">qTdlān chà shtfSn (&quot;10 minutes before 7&quot;) chà sh í fffn qTdlān</span></p>
    6123. 

  6123. <p><span class="font5">To ask what time of day It Is, use the question word </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">JT</span><span class="font5"> : JTdlǎn zhòng? (&quot;What time Is It?&quot;)</span></p>
    6124. 

  6124. <h3><a name="bookmark146"></a><span class="font7" style="font-weight:bold;"><a name="bookmark147"></a>PARTS OF THE DAY</span></h3>
    6125. 

  6125. <table border="1">
    6126. 

  6126. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6127. 

  6127. <p><span class="font5">In Chinese,</span></p></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6128. 

  6128. <p><span class="font5">the different parts of a day are referred to</span></p></td></tr>
    6129. 

  6129. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6130. 

  6130. <p><span class="font5">as follows:</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6131. 

  6131. <p><span class="font5">HOURS (approx.)</span></p></td></tr>
    6132. 

  6132. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6133. 

  6133. <p><span class="font5">zǎoshan g</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6134. 

  6134. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;morn Ing&quot;--fu11 daylight</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6135. 

  6135. <p><span class="font5">6-11 a.m.</span></p></td></tr>
    6136. 

  6136. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6137. 

  6137. <p><span class="font5">(zǎochén)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6138. 

  6138. <p><span class="font5">unt11 near noon)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    6139. 

  6139. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6140. 

  6140. <p><span class="font5">shàngwǚ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6141. 

  6141. <p><span class="font5">( &quot;f orenoon&quot;--norma 1 working</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6142. 

  6142. <p><span class="font5">8 or 9 a,m.</span></p></td></tr>
    6143. 

  6143. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6144. 

  6144. <p><span class="font5">(shàngwu)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6145. 

  6145. <p><span class="font5">hours until noon)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6146. 

  6146. <p><span class="font5">until II a. m.</span></p></td></tr>
    6147. 

  6147. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6148. 

  6148. <p><span class="font5">or 1 p.m.</span></p></td></tr>
    6149. 

  6149. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6150. 

  6150. <p><span class="font5">zhōngwù</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6151. 

  6151. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;noon&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6152. 

  6152. <p><span class="font5">II a.m. until</span></p></td></tr>
    6153. 

  6153. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6154. 

  6154. <p><span class="font5">(zhōngwu)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6155. 

  6155. <p><span class="font5">I p. m.</span></p></td></tr>
    6156. 

  6156. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6157. 

  6157. <p><span class="font5">xí àwǔ</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6158. 

  6158. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;afternoon<sup>TI</sup>--noon until the</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6159. 

  6159. <p><span class="font5">1-5 p.a.</span></p></td></tr>
    6160. 

  6160. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6161. 

  6161. <p><span class="font5">(x1àwu J</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6162. 

  6162. <p><span class="font5">end of the business day)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    6163. 

  6163. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6164. 

  6164. <p><span class="font5">wSnshang</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6165. 

  6165. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;evenlng&quot;--after the evening</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6166. 

  6166. <p><span class="font5">6-1 I p.m.</span></p></td></tr>
    6167. 

  6167. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6168. 

  6168. <p><span class="font5">mea 1 )</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    6169. 

  6169. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6170. 

  6170. <p><span class="font5">bànyò</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6171. 

  6171. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;midnight&quot;)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td></tr>
    6172. 

  6172. <tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6173. 

  6173. <p><span class="font5">yè 1 1</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6174. 

  6174. <p><span class="font5">(&quot;n 1 ght&quot;--genera11y from</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;">
    6175. 

  6175. <p><span class="font5">II p.m. until</span></p></td></tr>
    6176. 

  6176. <tr><td style="vertical-align:top;"></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6177. 

  6177. <p><span class="font5">around II p.m. until sunrise)</span></p></td><td style="vertical-align:top;">
    6178. 

  6178. <p><span class="font5">4 a.m.</span></p></td></tr>
    6179. 

  6179. </table>
    6180. 

  6180. <p><span class="font5">In Chinese, clock time Is often preceded by a word designating the part of the day Involved:</span></p>
    6181. 

  6181. <p><span class="font5">zācshang qTdlín zhffng &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(”7 o’clock In the morning,*<sup>1</sup></span></p>
    6182. 

  6182. <p><span class="font5">7 a.m.)</span></p>
    6183. 

  6183. <p><span class="font5">wǎnshang bSdlín bàn zhōng (”0:30 In the evening,&quot;</span></p>
    6184. 

  6184. <p><span class="font5">8:30 p .m.)</span></p>
    6185. 

  6185. <p><span class="font5">Notice that the Chinese word order once again begins with the larger unit and proceeds to the smaller.</span></p>
    6186. 

  6186. <p><span class="font5">94</span></p>
    6187. 

  6187. <p><sup><a href="#footnote1">1</a></sup><a name="bookmark35"></a></p>
    6188. 

  6188. <p><span class="font5">There are no appropriate examples In the Orientation Module. You will find these words In later modules.</span></p>
    6189. 

  6189. <p><sup><a href="#footnote2">2</a></sup><a name="bookmark36"></a></p>
    6190. 

  6190. <p><span class="font5"></span></p>
    6191. 

  6191. <p><span class="font5">There are no appropriate examples In the Orientation Module. You will find these words In later modules.</span></p>
    6192. 

  6192. <p><sup><a href="#footnote3">3</a></sup><a name="bookmark42"></a></p>
    6193. 

  6193. <p><span class="font5">ThIs Is not a name.</span></p>
    6194. 

  6194. <p><sup><a href="#footnote4">4</a></sup><a name="bookmark47"></a></p>
    6195. 

  6195. <p><span class="font5">Thls Is the name of a former province.</span></p>
    6196. 

  6196. <p><sup><a href="#footnote5">5</a></sup><a name="bookmark50"></a></p>
    6197. 

  6197. <p><span class="font5">A somewhat similar neutralization happens to vowels In English. Vowels which are perfectly distinguishable when stressed become indistinguishable when unstressed. &quot;I confined the dog&quot; may sound the same as &quot;I can find the dog,&quot; although, with stress, &quot;con-&quot; does not sound the same as &quot;can.&quot;</span></p>
    6198. 

  6198. <p><sup><a href="#footnote6">6</a></sup><a name="bookmark58"></a></p>
    6199. 

  6199. <p><span class="font5">ln this summary, underlining calls attention to letters (the letter u) and slant lines call attention to sounds (the sound /□/). “</span></p>
    6200. 

  6200. <p><sup><a href="#footnote7">7</a></sup><a name="bookmark60"></a></p>
    6201. 

  6201. <p><span class="font5">Standard </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">PTnyTn</span><span class="font5"> romanization u_ is written only after n and J_. Everywhere else (after j_, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;x_, and y_, it is written</span></p>
    6202. 

  6202. <p><span class="font5">simply u.</span></p>
    6203. 

  6203. <p><sup><a href="#footnote8">8</a></sup><a name="bookmark61"></a></p>
    6204. 

  6204. <p><span class="font5">C, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">I Finals</span></p>
    6205. 

  6205. <p><span class="font5">You have heard and seen the full vowel /I/ following Initials in the words </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">nl</span><span class="font5">, &quot;you&quot;? </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mln</span><span class="font5">, &quot;people&quot;; and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">mfng</span><span class="font5">, &quot;bright.&quot; When the vowel does not follow an Initial, it Is written </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y I</span><span class="font5"> .</span></p>
    6206. 

  6206. <p><span class="font5">yT &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;one&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as Tn &quot;east&quot; or &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yea</span><span class="font5">st&quot;</span></p>
    6207. 

  6207. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">yTn</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;cloudy&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as In &quot;</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">YIn</span><span class="font5"> (Yang&quot;)</span></p>
    6208. 

  6208. <p><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">y Ing</span><span class="font5"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(&quot;win&quot;) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/y/ + /Ing/ as in &quot;s</span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ing&quot;</span></p>
    6209. 

  6209. <p><sup><a href="#footnote9">9</a></sup><a name="bookmark62"></a></p>
    6210. 

  6210. <p><span class="font5">BesIdes the historical reason for this spelling, there Is the reason that adding the suffix Zr/ &quot;brings back&quot; a normal, &quot;broad&quot; /a/ voweI.</span></p>
    6211. 

  6211. <p><sup><a href="#footnote10">10</a></sup><a name="bookmark65"></a></p>
    6212. 

  6212. <p><span class="font5"> Abbreviation of /uo/ after labials rn, b_, and f\</span></p>
    6213. 

  6213. <p><sup><a href="#footnote11">11</a></sup><a name="bookmark66"></a></p>
    6214. 

  6214. <p><span class="font5">**/U/, /Uan/, /Ue/, and /tin/ are spelled £, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">uan</span><span class="font5">, </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">ue</span><span class="font5">, and </span><span class="font5" style="text-decoration:underline;">u n </span><span class="font5">respectively after j_, g_, x, and y_.</span></p>
    6215. 

  6215. <p><sup><a href="#footnote12">12</a></sup><a name="bookmark82"></a></p>
    6216. 

  6216. <p><span class="font5">RomanTzat!on in parentheses indicates tone changes.</span></p>
    6217. 

  6217. <p><sup><a href="#footnote13">13</a></sup><a name="bookmark113"></a></p>
    6218. 

  6218. <p><span class="font5">The Summary at the- end presented on T&amp;D Tape I .</span></p>
    6219. 

  6219. <p><sup><a href="#footnote14">14</a></sup><a name="bookmark137"></a></p>
    6220. 

  6220. <p><span class="font5"> For further Information on de, as an see notes on Nos. 6-7&gt; Unit 4, BIO.</span></p>
    6221. 

  6221. </body>
    6222. 

  6222. </html>
    6223.