eric
/
Chinese-Chine-information


			
				
					
						
						
							123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793
							<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr" lang="fr">
<head>
  <title>La location / situation en chinois (Leçon 11) : Méthode de chinois — Chine Informations</title>
  <link type="text/css" href="../Styles/main.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
</head>

<body>
  <h1>La location / situation en chinois</h1>

  <h3>Sommaire de cette leçon</h3>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="#1.+vocabulaire">1. Vocabulaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#2.+grammaire">2. Grammaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#3.+dialogues">3. Dialogues</a></li>

    <li><a href="#4.+texte">4. Texte</a></li>

    <li><a href="#5.+exercices">5. Exercices</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2>1. Vocabulaire</h2>

  

  <p>Veuillez apprendre le vocabulaire de chinois suivant en prononçant les mots et écrivant les nouveaux caractères plusieurs fois.</p>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">在</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zài</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          être (situé) / se trouver
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zai4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">这儿</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zhèr</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          ici
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zhe4r.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">那</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">nà</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          ce / cet / cette
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/na4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">哪儿</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">nǎr</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          où
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/na3r.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">边</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bian</span>
        </td>

        <td>suffixe locatif pouvant se traduire par "en direction de" ou "côté..." </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/bian1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">东</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">dōng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          est (n.)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/dong1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">南</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">nán</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          sud
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/nan2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">西</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">xī</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          ouest
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xi1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          9
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">北</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">běi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          nord
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/bei3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          10
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">右</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yòu</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          droite
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/you4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          11
        </td>

        <td class="big">
          <span class="hanzi">左</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zuǒ</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          gauche
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zuo3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          12
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">前</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">qián</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          devant / avant
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/qian2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          13
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">后</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">hòu</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          arrière / derrière
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/hou4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          14
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">旁</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">páng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          côté
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/pang2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          15
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">地方</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">dìfāng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          endroit
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/di4fang1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          16
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">厕所</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">cèsuǒ</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          toilettes
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ce4%2520suo3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          17
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">银行</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yínháng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          banque
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yin2%2520hang2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          18
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">学校</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">xuéxiào</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          école (bâtiments)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xue2xiao4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          19
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">书店</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shūdiàn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          librairie
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/shu1dian4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          20
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">餐馆</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">cānguǎn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          restaurant
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/can1guan3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          21
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">不客气</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">bùkèqì</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          de rien
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/bu4ke4qi4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          22
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">楼</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">lóu</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          bâtiment
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/lou2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          23
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">对</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">duì</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          exact / c'est ça
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/dui4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          24
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">它</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">tā</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          "il" ou "lui" pour un qch (et non une personne)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ta1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          25
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">大</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">dà</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          grand (surtout : en surface / superficie ou en âge)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/da4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Classificateurs</h3>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">家</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jiā</span>
        </td>

        <td>classificateur pour établissements divers</td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/jia1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">座</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zuò</span>
        </td>

        <td>classificateur pour les hautes constructions et montagnes</td>
<td><br/></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>2. Grammaire</h2>

  <h3>A. Demander et exprimer la location / situation</h3>

  <p>En chinois, pour exprimer la position de quelqu'un ou quelque chose, on utilise le verbe "<span class="hanzi">在</span> <span class="pinyin"> zài </span>". Lorsqu'un locatif (adverbe de lieu) est utilisé comme objet, il est placé après ce dernier verbe.</p>

  <p>Un locatif se termine par un suffixe locatif. Ici, nous utiliserons <span class="hanzi">边</span> <span class="pinyin"> bian </span>. Ce qui donnera par exemple "<span class="hanzi">右边</span> <span class="pinyin"> yòubian </span>" ("à droite") et non juste "<span class="hanzi">右</span> <span class="pinyin"> yòu </span>" ("droite") ou encore "<span class="hanzi">北边</span> <span class="pinyin"> běibian </span>" ("au nord") et non "<span class="hanzi">北</span> <span class="pinyin"> běi </span>" ("nord").</p>

  <div class="deux">
    Sujet + <span class="hanzist">在</span> + COI
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">厕所 <span class="encadrerouge">在</span> 右边。</span> <span class="pinyin"> cèsuǒ zài yòubian. </span> Les toilettes sont à droite.</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">餐馆 <span class="encadrerouge">在</span> 北边</span>。 <span class="pinyin"> cānguǎn zài běibian. </span> Le restaurant est au nord.</li>
  </ul>

  <p>Pour poser la question "Où se trouve...", voici la structure de la phrase type :</p>

  <div class="deux">
    Sujet + <span class="hanzist">在哪儿</span>?
  </div>

  <h3>B. Locatifs en tant qu'attribut</h3>

  <p>Lorsqu'un locatif est utilisé en tant qu'attribut, la particule possessive <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class="pinyin"> de </span> est optionnelle.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    Locatif + <span class="hanzist">( 的 )</span> + Objet
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">旁边 <span class="encadrerouge">(的) </span>那个人</span> <span class="pinyin"> pángbiān (de) nà gè rén </span> Cette personne à côté</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">前边 <span class="encadrerouge">(的)</span> 那座楼</span> <span class="pinyin"> qiánmiàn (de) nà zuò lóu. </span> Cet immeuble devant</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>C. Différence entre <span class="hanzist">这</span> <span class="pinyin">zhè </span> et <span class="hanzist">那</span> <span class="pinyin">nà </span></h3>

  <p>En chinois <span class="hanzi">这</span> <span class="pinyin"> zhè </span> et <span class="hanzi">那</span> <span class="pinyin"> nà </span> servent tous deux à dire "ce; cet; cette" cependant il existe une différence. On utilise en effet <span class="hanzi">这</span> <span class="pinyin"> zhè </span> lorsque l'objet est proche (en distance) du locuteur et <span class="hanzi">那</span> <span class="pinyin"> nà </span> lorsqu'il en est plus loin. Pour simplifier, on pourrait traduire <span class="hanzi">那</span> <span class="pinyin"> nà </span> par "ce...là(-bas)".</p>

  <p>Les pronoms démonstratifs <span class="hanzi">这</span> <span class="pinyin"> zhè </span>et <span class="hanzi">那</span> <span class="pinyin"> nà </span>se placent tous deux devant un classificateur.</p>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>3. Dialogues</h2>

  <p>Lisez dans un premier temps ces textes en chinois avant de les écouter plusieurs fois jusqu'à leur compréhension, avant de lire leur traduction.</p>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 1</h3>

  <audio src="../Audio/11_1.mp3" controls="controls" id="11_1"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">请问，厕所在这儿吗？</span><br/><span class="pinyin" lang="zh"> </span> <span class="pinyin">Qǐngwèn, cèsuǒ zài zhèr ma? </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">对，在这儿。 </span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Duì, zài zhèr. </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">谢谢。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"></span> <span class="pinyin">Xièxie. </span><br/> - <span class="hanzi">不用谢。 </span><br/><span class="pinyin"></span> <span class="pinyin"> Bùyòng xiè. </span></p>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 2</h3>

  <audio src="../Audio/11_2.mp3" controls="controls" id="11_2"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">请问，这是什么地方？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> </span> <span class="pinyin"> Qǐngwèn, zhè shì shénme dìfāng? </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">这是书店。</span><br/><span class="pinyin" lang="zh"> </span> <span class="pinyin">Zhè shì shūdiàn. </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">银行在哪儿？</span><br/><span class="pinyin" lang="zh"> </span> <span class="pinyin"> Yínháng zài nǎr ? </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">后边的那座楼是银行。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"></span> <span class="pinyin"> Hòumian de nà zuò lóu shì yínháng. </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">谢谢！</span><br/><span class="pinyin" lang="zh"> </span> <span class="pinyin">Xièxie! </span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">不客气！</span><br/><span class="pinyin" lang="zh"> </span> <span class="pinyin">Bù kèqì! </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>- S'il vous plaît, quel est cet endroit ? - C'est la librairie。 - Où se trouve la banque ? - La banque est derrière ce bâtiment-là. - Merci ! - De rien !</p>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>4. Texte</h2>

  <p><img src="../Images/11_1.png" alt="plan d'une école" width="325" height="353"/></p>

  <audio src="../Audio/11_3.mp3" controls="controls" id="11_3"></audio>

  <p><span class="hanzi">这是我们的学校。它很大。 这是我们上课的地方。 1号楼，2号楼在前边。 3号楼，4号楼在后边。 4号楼的后边有一家书店。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Zhè shì wǒmen de xuéxiào. Tā hěn dà. Zhè shì wǒmen shàngkè de dìfāng. 1 hào lóu,2 hào lóu zài qiánbian. 3 hào lóu,4 hào lóu zài hòubian. 4 hào lóu de hòubian yǒu yī jiā shūdiàn. </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>Ceci est notre école. Elle est grande. C'est l'endroit où nos cours ont lieu. Le bâtiment N° 1 et le bâtiment N° 2 sont devant. Le bâtiment N° 3 et le bâtiment N° 4 sont derrière. Derrière le bâtiment N° 4 il y a une librairie.</p>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>5. Exercices</h2>

  <h3>A. Répondez aux questions suivantes :</h3>

  <img src="../Images/11_2.png" alt="bâtiments 1 et 2"/>

  <p><span class="hanzi">1号楼在哪儿？</span><sup>(1)</sup> <span class="hanzi">2号楼呢？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> 1 hào lóu zài nǎr ?2 hào lóu ne? </span></p>

  <img src="../Images/11_3.png" alt="bâtiments 1 et 3"/>

  <p><span class="hanzi">1号楼在哪儿？ 2号楼呢？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> 1 hào lóu zài nǎr ?2 hào lóu ne? </span></p>

  <img src="../Images/11_4.png" alt="librairie"/>

  <p><span class="hanzi">书店在哪儿？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Shūdiàn zài nǎr ? </span></p>

  <img src="../Images/11_5.png" alt="restaurant"/>

  <p><span class="hanzi">餐馆在哪儿？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Cānguǎn zài nǎr? </span></p>

  <p>(1) Ex : <span class="hanzi">1号楼在2号楼的左边。</span><br/><span class="pinyin" lang="zh"> </span> <span class="pinyin">1 hào lóu zài 2 hào lóu de zuǒbiān. </span></p>

  <h3>B. Traduisez en chinois :</h3>

  <p>1. Les toilettes sont (situées) à ta gauche. 2. Cette personne à côté de toi. 3. Cet immeuble devant la banque. 4. Le restaurant au sud de la librairie.</p>
</body>
</html>