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  <title>L'emploi du temps et l'heure en chinois (Leçon 10) : Méthode de chinois — Chine Informations</title>
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<body>
  <h1>L'emploi du temps et l'heure en chinois</h1>

  <h2>Sommaire de cette leçon</h2>

  <li><a href="#1.+vocabulaire">1. Vocabulaire</a></li>

  <li><a href="#2.+grammaire">2. Grammaire</a></li>

  <li><a href="#3.+dialogues">3. Dialogues</a></li>

  <li><a href="#4.+exercices">4. Exercices</a></li>

  <div style="clear:both">
    <h2>1. Vocabulaire</h2>

    <p>Apprenez le vocabulaire suivant en vous entraînant à écrire les caractères et à prononcer les mots.</p>

    <table class="table1">
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <th></th>

          <th>
            Hanzi
          </th>

          <th>
            Pinyin
          </th>

          <th>
            Traduction
          </th>

          <th>
            Audio
          </th>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            1
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">请问</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">qǐngwèn</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            puis-je vous demander...
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/qing3wen4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            2
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">现在</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">xiànzài</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            maintenant
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/xian4zai4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            3
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">时候</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">shíhòu</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            moment / instant
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/shi2hou4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            4
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">点</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">diǎn</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            heure(s)
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/dian3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            5
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">分</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">fēn</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            minute(s)
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/fen1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            6
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">半</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">bàn</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            demi; moitié
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/ban4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            7
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">刻</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">kè</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            quart d'heure
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/ke4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            8
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">差</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">chà</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            moins de
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/cha4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            9
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">课</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">kè</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            cours
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/ke4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            10
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">上</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">shàng</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            monter
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/shang4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            11
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">早上</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">zǎoshang</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            tôt le matin
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/zao3shang.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            12
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">晚上</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">wǎnshang</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            soir
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/wan3shang.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            13
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">上午</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">shàngwǔ</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            matin
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/shang4wu3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            14
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">上班</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">shàngbān</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            aller au travail
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/shang4ban1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            15
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">上课</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">shàngkè</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            aller en cours
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/shang4ke4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            16
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">下</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">xià</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            descendre
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/xia4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            17
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">下班</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">xiàbān</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            finir le travail
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/xia4ban1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            18
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">下课</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">xiàkè</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            finir les cours
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/xia4ke4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            19
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">下午</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">xiàwǔ</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            après-midi
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/xia4wu3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            20
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">中午</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">zhōngwǔ</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            midi
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/zhong1%2520wu3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            21
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">床</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">chuáng</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            lit
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/chuang2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            22
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">起床</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">qǐchuáng</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            se lever du lit
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/qi3%2520chuang2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            23
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">睡觉</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">shuìjiào</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            dormir
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/shui4jiao4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            24
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">忙</span><br/></td>

          <td><span class="pinyin">máng</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            occupé / tenir occupé
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/mang2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>

        <tr>
          <td>
            25
          </td>

          <td><span class="hanzi">什么时候</span><br/></td>

          <td>
            s<span class="pinyin">hénme shíhòu</span></td>

          <td>
            quand ? / à quel moment ?
          </td>

          <td>
            <audio src="../Audio/shen2meshi2hou4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

    <p>Apprendre / réviser le vocabulaire de cette leçon grâce à des cartes mémoire (FLASHCARDS)</p>

    <h2>2. Grammaire</h2>

    <h3>A. Demander et donner l'heure</h3>

    <p>Pour donner l'heure "ronde", sans les minutes, il suffit d'indiquer le chiffre + le caractère <span class="hanzi">点</span> <span class="pinyin"> diǎn </span>.</p>

    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi">四点</span> <span class="pinyin"> sì diǎn </span> quatre heures</li>
    </ul>

    <p>En chinois, les phrases avec un prédicat nominal se passent du verbe "être" <span class="hanzi">是</span> <span class="pinyin"> shì </span> comme dans le cas suivant :</p>

    <ul>
      <li>Q: <span class="hanzi">现在几点？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Xiànzài jǐ diǎn? </span> Q: Quelle heure est-il ? (litt. "Maintenant, combien d'heure ?") </li>

      <li>R: <span class="hanzi">现在八点。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Xiànzài bā diǎn. </span> R: Il est huit heures. (litt. "Maintenant, huit heures.") </li>
    </ul>

    <p>Pour donner également les minutes, on utilise les caractères <span class="hanzi">分</span> <span class="pinyin"> fēn </span> (pour "minute"),<span class="hanzi"> 刻</span> <span class="pinyin"> kè </span> pour les quarts d'heure et <span class="hanzi">半</span> <span class="pinyin"> bàn </span> pour les demi-heures.</p>

    <img src="../Images/10_2.png" alt="7h10 en chinois"/><span class="hanzi">七点 十分</span><span class="pinyin"> qī diǎn shí fēn </span><img src="../Images/10_3.png" alt="7h15 en chinois"/><img src="../Images/10_4.png" alt="7h25 en chinois"/><span class="hanzi">七点 二十五（分）</span><span class="pinyin"> qī diǎn èrshíwǔ (fēn) </span><img src="../Images/10_5.png" alt="7h30 en chinois"/><span class="hanzi">七点 半 </span><span class="pinyin"> qī diǎn bàn </span><img src="../Images/10_6.png" alt="7h45 en chinois"/><span class="hanzi">七点 四十五</span><span class="pinyin"> qī diǎn sì shí wǔ </span> 

    <p>Comme en français il est possible de dire "moins cinq" par exemple ; le chinois utilise pour cela le caractère <span class="hanzi">差</span> <span class="pinyin"> chà </span> (ex: "<span class="hanzi">差五分</span> <span class="pinyin"> chà wǔ fēn </span>").</p>

    <img src="../Images/10_7.png" alt="7h55 en chinois"/> 

    <p><span class="hanzi">八点</span> <span class="big">差 五分</span> <span class="pinyin"> bā diǎn chà wǔ fēn </span></p>

    <p>Si les minutes sont comprises entre 1 et 9, on ajoute "zéro" <span class="hanzi">零</span> <span class="pinyin"> líng </span> devant pour faire "01", "02", "03",...</p>

    <img src="../Images/10_1.png" alt="7h05 en chinois"/> 

    <p><span class="hanzi">七点 零五分</span> <span class="pinyin"> qī diǎn líng wǔ fēn </span></p>

    <h3>B. Les termes temporels comme adverbes</h3>

    <p>Lorsqu'ils sont employés en tant qu'adverbes, les termes temporels peuvent être placés entre le sujet et le verbe.</p>

    <div class="deux">
      S + <span class="encadrerouge">Terme temporel </span> + V (+ O).
    </div>

    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge" lang="zh">早上六点</span> 起床。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ zǎoshang liù diǎn qǐchuáng. </span> Je me lève le matin à huit heures.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">大卫 <span class="encadrerouge" lang="zh">今天</span> 没有 课。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Dàwèi jīntiān méi yǒu kè. </span> Aujourd'hui, David n'a pas cours.</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">王丽 <span class="encadrerouge" lang="zh">晚上十一点</span> 睡觉。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Wáng Lì wǎnshang shíyī diǎn shuìjiào. </span> Wang Li se couche le soir à onze heures.</li>
    </ul>

    <p>Afin d'accentuer sur le moment d'une action, les termes temporels peuvent être placés au tout début d'une phrase .</p>

    <div class="deux">
      <span class="encadrerouge">Terme temporel</span> + S + V (+ O).
    </div>

    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi"> <span class="encadrerouge">星期天</span> 我们 不上班。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Xīngqítiān wǒmen bù shàngbān. </span> Dimanche, nous n'allons pas au travail.</li>
    </ul>

    <h3>C. Demander "quand ?"</h3>

    <p>En chinois, "quand (est-ce que)" pour former une question se traduit par "<span class="hanzi">什么时候</span> <span class="pinyin"> shénme shíhòu </span>". Plus littéralement, cette expression devrait se traduire en français par "à quel moment". S'agissant également d'un terme temporel, celui-ci respecte la même règle vu plus haut :</p>

    <div class="deux">
      S + <span class="hanzi">什么时候</span> + V (+ O) + ?
    </div>

    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi">你<span class="encadrerouge"> 什么时候</span> 起床？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐ shénme shíhòu qǐchuáng? </span> Quand te lèves-tu ?</li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">你<span class="encadrerouge"> 什么时候</span> 下课？ </span> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐ shénme shíhòu xiàkè? </span> Quand finis-tu les cours ?</li>
    </ul>

    <h3>D. Omettre le sujet dans une phrase</h3>

    <p>Certaines phrases en chinois sont constituées normalement ormis le fait que le sujet n'est pas indiqué. Dans ces cas, ce dernier est implicite et déductible en fonction du contexte. Il s'agit pour la plupart du temps du même sujet que dans la phrase précédente.</p>

    <ul>
      <li><span class="hanzi"><span class="encadrerouge">你</span> 什么时候 起床？ <span class="encadrerouge">(你)</span> 什么时候 下课？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐ shénme shíhòu qǐchuáng? (Nǐ) shénme shíhòu xiàkè? </span></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi"><span class="encadrerouge">(我)</span> 七点一刻 起床。<span class="encadrerouge">(我)</span> 中午十二点 下课。</span> <span class="pinyin"> (Wǒ) qī diǎn yī kè qǐchuáng. (Wǒ) zhōngwǔ shí'èr diǎn xiàkè. </span></li>
    </ul>

    <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/> 

    <h2>3. Dialogues</h2>

    <p>Lisez puis écoutez plusieurs fois les deux dialogues jusqu'à leur quasi-complète compréhension avant de lire leur (éventuelle) traduction.</p>

    <h3>Dialogue N° 1</h3>

    <p><audio src="../Audio/10_1.mp3" controls="controls" id="10_1"></audio></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">请问，现在几点？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Qǐngwèn, xiànzài jǐ diǎn? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">七点零五分。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Qī diǎn líng wǔ fēn. </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">谢谢！</span> <span class="pinyin"> Xièxiè! </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">不用谢！</span> <span class="pinyin"> Bùyòng xiè! </span></p>

    <h3>Dialogue N° 2</h3>

    <p><audio src="../Audio/10_2.mp3" controls="controls" id="10_2"></audio></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">大卫你好！你今天忙吗？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Dàwèi nǐhǎo! Nǐ jīntiān máng ma? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">今天我很忙。下午六点下课！</span> <span class="pinyin"> Jīntiān wǒ hěn máng. Xiàwǔ liù diǎn xiàkè! </span></p>

    <h3>Traduction</h3>

    <p>- Bonjour David ! Es-tu occupé aujourd'hui ? - Aujourd'hui, je suis très occupé. Je finis les cours à six heures !</p>

    <h3>Dialogue N° 3</h3>

    <p><audio src="../Audio/10_3.mp3" controls="controls" id="10_3"></audio></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">大卫，你早上几点起床？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Dàwèi, nǐ zǎoshang jǐ diǎn qǐchuáng? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">七点一刻。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Qī diǎn yī kè. </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">晚上几点睡觉？</span> <span class="pinyin"> wǎnshang jǐ diǎn shuìjiào? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">九点半。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Jiǔ diǎn bàn. </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">明天你有课吗？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Míngtiān nǐ yǒu kè ma? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">有。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Yǒu. </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">你们几点上课？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐmen jǐ diǎn shàngkè? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">我们上午八点一刻上课。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒmen shàngwǔ bā diǎn yī kè shàngkè. </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">什么时候下课？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Shénme shíhòu xiàkè? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">中午十二点下课。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Zhōngwǔ shí'èr diǎn xiàkè. </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">你们下午有课吗？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐmen xiàwǔ yǒu kè ma? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">有。四点差十分下课。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Yǒu. Sì diǎn chà shí fēn xiàkè. </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">你哪天没有课？</span> <span class="pinyin"> Nǐ nǎ tiān méi yǒu kè? </span></p>

    <p>- <span class="hanzi">我星期六和星期天没有课。</span> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ xīngqíliù hé xīngqítiān méi yǒu kè. </span></p>

    <h3>Traduction</h3>

    <p>- David, à quelle heure te lèves-tu le matin ? </p>

    <p>- Sept heures et quart. </p>

    <p>- Le soir, à quelle heure te couches-tu ? </p>

    <p>- Neuf heures et demie. </p>

    <p>- Demain, as-tu cours ? </p>

    <p>- Oui. </p>

    <p>- À quelle heure commencez-vous les cours ? </p>

    <p>- Nous commençons les cours à huit heures et quart du matin. </p>

    <p>- À quelle heure finissez-vous les cours ? </p>

    <p>- Le midi à douze heures. </p>

    <p>- Avez-vous des cours l'après-midi ? </p>

    <p>- Oui. À quatre heures moins dix, on finit les cours. </p>

    <p>- Quel(s) jour(s) n'as-tu pas cours ? </p>

    <p>- Le samedi et le dimanche, je n'ai pas cours.</p>

    <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/> 

    <h2>4. Exercices</h2>

    <h3>A. Répondez aux questions suivantes :</h3>

   

    <ol>
      <li><span class="hanzi">你早上几点起床？</span><span class="pinyin"> Nǐ zǎoshang jǐ diǎn qǐchuáng? </span><br/></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">晚上什么时候睡觉？</span><span class="pinyin"> wǎnshang shénme shíhòu shuìjiào? </span><br/></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">你明天有课吗？</span><span class="pinyin"> Nǐ míngtiān yǒu kè ma? </span><span class="hanzi">/ 你明天上班吗？</span><span class="pinyin"> Nǐ míngtiān shàngbān ma? </span><br/></li>

      <li><span class="hanzi">哪天没有课？</span><span class="pinyin"> Nǎ tiān méiyǒu kè? </span><span class="hanzi">/ 哪天不上班？</span><span class="pinyin"> Nǎ tiān bù shàngbān?</span><br/></li>
    </ol>

   

    <h3>B. Donnez l'heure indiquée sur les horloges suivantes :</h3>

    <p>Voir les corrections des exercices</p>

    <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/> 

    <p>LEÇON SUIVANTE : La location / situation en chinois</p>
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