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Chinese-Chine-information


			
				
					
						
						
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="ltr" lang="fr">
<head>
  <title>Prix et achats en chinois (Leçon 14) : Méthode de chinois — Chine Informations</title>
  <link type="text/css" href="../Styles/main.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
</head>

<body>
  <h1>Prix et achats en chinois</h1>

  <h3>Sommaire de la leçon</h3>

  <ul>
    <li><a href="#1.+vocabulaire">1. Vocabulaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#2.+note+linguistique">2. Note linguistique</a></li>

    <li><a href="#3.+grammaire">3. Grammaire</a></li>

    <li><a href="#4.+dialogues">4. Dialogues</a></li>

    <li><a href="#5.+exercice+de+substitution">5. Exercice de substitution</a></li>
  </ul>

  <h2>1. Vocabulaire</h2>

  <h3>Verbes</h3>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">找</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zhǎo</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          rendre (la monnaie)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zhao3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">可以</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">kěyǐ</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          être possible
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ke3%2520yi3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">买</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">mǎi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          acheter
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/mai3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">要</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yào</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          vouloir
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yao4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">给</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">gěi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          donner
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/gei3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">尝尝</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">chángchang</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          goûter / essayer
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/chang2chang.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <h3>Divers</h3>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th></th>

        <th>
          Hanzi
        </th>

        <th>
          Pinyin
        </th>

        <th>
          Traduction
        </th>

        <th>
          Audio
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          1
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">多少</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">duōshao</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          combien (dans une question)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/duo1%2520shao.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          2
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">钱</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">qián</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          argent
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/qian2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          3
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">别的</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">biéde</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          autre
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/bie2%2520de.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          4
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">块</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">kuài</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          unité monétaire utilisée en Chine à l'oral
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/kuai4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          5
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yuán</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          yuan (unité monétaire utilisée en Chine)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yuan2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          6
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">毛</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">máo</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          0,10 yuan
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/mao2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          7
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">分</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">fēn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          0,01 yuan / centime
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/fen1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          8
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">斤</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jīn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          500 grammes / 1/2 Kg
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/jin1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          9
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">公斤</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">gōngjīn</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          kilogramme
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/gong1%2520jin1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          10
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一共</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">yīgòng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          en tout
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/yi1gong4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          11
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">太...了</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">tài...le</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          trop...
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/tai4le.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          12
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">贵</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">guì</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          cher
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/gui4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          13
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">便宜</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">piányi</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          bon marché / pas cher
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/pian2%2520yi.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          14
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">怎么样</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zěnmeyàng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          comment ?; que penser de ?
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zen2meyang4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          15
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">还</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">hái</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          encore / en plus / également
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/hai2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          16
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">种</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">zhǒng</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          genre / type
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/zhong3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          17
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">苹果</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">píngguǒ</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          pomme
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/ping2%2520guo3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          18
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">香蕉</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">xiāngjiāo</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          banane
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/xiang1%2520jiao1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          19
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">葡萄</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">pútao</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          raisin
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/pu2%2520tao.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          20
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">您</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">nín</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          vous (vouvoiement)
        </td>

        <td>
          <audio src="../Audio/nin2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

 

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>2. Note linguistique</h2>

  <p>En Chine, les prix sont indiqués avec la valeur monétaire du pays comme le yuan <span class="hanzi">元</span> <span class="pinyin"> yuán </span>, la monnaie chinoise. Cependant, à l'oral on remplace <span class="hanzi">元</span> <span class="pinyin"> yuán </span> par <span class="hanzi">块</span> <span class="pinyin"> kuài </span>. Voici un tableau pour vous aider à lire, dire et comprendre les sommes d'argent :</p>

  <table class="table1">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">0.02 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">0.04 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">0.22 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">0.45 元</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">两分</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">四分</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">两毛二</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">四毛五</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">1.04 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">1.39 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">1.40 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">2.05 元</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一块零四(分)</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一块三毛九</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">一块四</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">两块零五(分)</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr></tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">2.20 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">2.22 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">10.4 元</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">10.04 元</span>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">两块二</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">两块两毛二</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十块四毛</span>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">十块零四分</span>
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <p>Vous aurez peut-être besoin de réviser la leçon sur les nombres et les chiffres.</p>

  <h2>3. Grammaire</h2>

  <h3>A. Demander combien ça coûte</h3>

  <p>"<span class="hanzi">多少钱</span> <span class="pinyin"> duōshǎo qián </span>" (litt. "combien d'argent") se traduit par "combien ça coûte" ou "combien coûte...". Lorsqu'on demande le prix pour une quantité précise, cette expression est suivie de la valeur numérique de la quantité puis d'une unité de mesure ou du classificateur correspondant au sujet :</p>

  <div class="deux">
    (S +) <span class="hanzist">多少钱</span> + Quantité + CL ?
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">这种 地图 <span class="encadrerouge">多少钱</span> 一张？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Zhè zhǒng dìtú duōshǎo qián yī zhāng? </span><br/> Ce genre de carte coûte combien (l'unité) ?</li>
  </ul>

  <div class="deux">
    (S +) <span class="hanzist">多少钱</span> + Qté + Unité ?
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">香蕉 <span class="encadrerouge">多少钱</span> 一斤？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Xiāngjiāo duōshǎo qián yī jīn? </span> <br/>Les bananes coûtent combien le demi-kilo ?</li>
  </ul>

  <h3>B. L'adverbe "encore / également" <span class="hanzist">还</span> <span class="pinyinst"> hái </span></h3>

  <p>L'adverbe <span class="hanzi">还</span> <span class="pinyin"> hái </span>, comme tous les adverbes en chinois, précède le verbe.</p>

  <div class="deux">
    (S +) <span class="hanzist">还</span> + V + Objet
  </div>

  <ul>
    <li><span class="hanzi">您 <span class="encadrerouge">还</span> 要 别的 吗？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Nín hái yào bié de ma? </span><br/> Voulez-vous autre chose (en plus) ?</li>

    <li><span class="hanzi">我 <span class="encadrerouge">还</span> 要 两 斤 香蕉。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ hái yào liǎng jīn xiāngjiāo. </span><br/> Je veux également un kilo de bananes.</li>
  </ul>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>4. Dialogues</h2>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 1</h3>

  <audio src="../Audio/14_1.mp3" controls="controls" id="14_1"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">法国地图多少钱一张？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Fàguó dìtú duōshǎo qián yī zhāng?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">您要这种还是那种？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Nín yào zhè zhǒng háishì nà zhǒng?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">多少钱？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Duōshǎo qián?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">这种四块一张。那种三块五一张。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Zhè zhǒng sì kuài yī zhāng. Nà zhǒng sān kuài wǔ yī zhāng.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">我要这种。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ yào zhè zhǒng.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">您要多少张地图？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Nín yào duōshǎo zhāng dìtú?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">我要一张。给你钱。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Wǒ yào yī zhāng. Gěi nǐ qián. </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>- Combien coûtent les cartes de France ?</p>

  <p>- Voulez-vous ce genre-ci ou celui-là ?</p>

  <p>- Ca coûte combien ?</p>

  <p>- Ce genre-ci coûte 4 yuans l'unité ; celui-là, 3 yuans.</p>

  <p>- Je veux ce genre-ci.</p>

  <p>- Combien voulez-vous de cartes ?</p>

  <p>- J'en veux une. Voici l'argent.</p>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 2</h3>

  <audio src="../Audio/14_2.mp3" controls="controls" id="14_2"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">葡萄多少钱一斤？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Pútáo duōshǎo qián yī jīn?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">四块五。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Sì kuài wǔ.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">可以尝尝吗？ </span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Kěyǐ cháng cháng ma?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">可以，尝吧。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Kěyǐ, cháng ba.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">葡萄好吃！</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Pútáo hào chī!</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">您要几斤？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Nín yào jǐjīn?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">我买一公斤。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Wǒ mǎi yī gōngjīn. </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>- Combien coûte le demi-kilo de raisins ?</p>

  <p>- 4,5 yuans.</p>

  <p>- Peut-on goûter ?</p>

  <p>- Oui. Goûtez !</p>

  <p>- Les raisins sont bons !</p>

  <p>- Combien en voulez-vous (de kilos) ?</p>

  <p>- J'achète un kilogramme.</p>

  <h3>Dialogue N° 3</h3>

  <audio src="../Audio/14_3.mp3" controls="controls" id="14_3"></audio>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">苹果多少钱一斤？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Píngguǒ duōshǎo qián yī jīn?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">八块。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Bā kuài.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">太贵了，便宜一点吧。六块五一斤，怎么样？</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Tài guì le, piányí yīdiǎn ba. Liù kuài wǔ yī jīn, zěnmeyàng? </span> - <span class="hanzi">七块吧。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Qī kuài ba.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">行。我要两斤。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Xíng. Wǒ yào liǎng jīn.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">还要别的吗？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Hái yào bié de ma?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">还要一斤香蕉。一共多少钱？</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Hái yào yī jīn xiāngjiāo. Yīgòng duōshǎo qián?</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">一共十<span class="hanzi">八</span>块。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Yīgòng shíbā kuài.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">给你二十块钱。</span> <br/><span class="pinyin"> Gěi nǐ èrshí kuài qián.</span></p>

  <p>- <span class="hanzi">找您两块。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin"> Zhǎo nǐ liǎng kuài. </span></p>

  <h3>Traduction</h3>

  <p>- Combien coûtent les cinq cents grammes de pommes ?</p>

  <p>- Huit yuans.</p>

  <p>- C'est trop cher, (faites) un peu moins cher. 6,5 yuans le demi-kilo, ça va ?</p>

  <p>- Allez, 7 yuans.</p>

  <p>- D'accord. J'en veux un kilo.</p>

  <p>- Voulez-vous autre chose ?</p>

  <p>- Et également un demi-kilo de bananes. Cela fait combien en tout ?</p>

  <p>- En tout, 18 yuans.</p>

  <p>- Je vous donne 20 yuans.</p>

  <p>- Je vous en rends 2.</p>

  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>

  <h2>5. Exercice de substitution</h2>

  <p>Remplacez les blancs dans la question, en fonction de la liste proposée :</p>

  <p><span class="grey">_________________</span><span class="hanzi">多少钱</span><span class="grey">_________________</span> <span class="hanzi">？</span></p>

  <span class="hanzi">一本书 → 18 元 一本词典 → 35 元 一张地图</span><span class="hanzi">→ 4 元 <span lang="zh">一支笔</span></span><span class="hanzi">→ 3,6 元 一斤饺子 → 28 元 <span lang="zh">一把椅子</span></span><span class="hanzi">→ 150 元 <span lang="zh">一张床</span></span><span class="hanzi">→2200 元</span>

  
  <img src="../Images/ligne2.png"/>
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