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Chinese-Chine-nouvelle


			
				
					
						
						
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  <section id="leçon-22---la-durée" class="level1">
    <h1>Leçon 22 - La durée</h1>

    <div class="resume">
      Vocabulaire: Depuis quand es-tu à Pékin? Depuis combien de temps étudies-tu le chinois? Grammaire, Exemples et Exercices.
    </div>

    <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_244" class="level2">
      <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_645">Contenu de la leçon</h2>

      <div class="contents">
        <ul>
          <li>Conversation 1 : Depuis combien de temps es-tu à Pékin?</li>

          <li>Conversation 2 : Depuis quand étudies-tu le chinois?</li>

          <li>Conversation 3 : Avez-vous terminé d'étudier ce livre?</li>

          <li>Grammaire</li>

          <li>Exercices de substitution</li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    

    <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_245" class="level2">
      <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_646">Conversation 1 : Depuis combien de temps es-tu à Pékin?</h2>

      <audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/22-01.mp3"></audio>

      <ul>
        <li>- <span class="hanzi">你来北京多长时间了？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ lái Běijing duōcháng shíjiān le?</span><br/> - Depuis combien de temps es-tu à Pékin? (Tu es venu à Pékin, quelle longueur de temps?)</li>

        <li>- <span class="hanzi">已经半个多月了。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Yǐjīng bàn gè duō yuè le.</span><br/> - Déjà plus d'un demi mois.</li>

        <li>- <span class="hanzi">这儿的生活你习惯了吗？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Zhèr de shēnghuó nǐ xíguàn le ma?</span><br/> - T'habitues-tu à la vie ici?</li>

        <li>- <span class="hanzi">还没习惯呢。</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">- Hái méi xíguàn ne.</span><br/> - (je) ne me suis pas encore habitué.<br/></li>
      </ul>

      <section id="vocabulaire-42" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_647">Vocabulaire</h3>

        <table class="table1">
          <thead>
            <tr class="header">
              <th>
                Hanzi
              </th>

              <th>
                Pinyin
              </th>

              <th>
                Type<br/>

                grammatical
              </th>

              <th>
                Traduction
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>

          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">长</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">cháng</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (adj)
              </td>

              <td>
                long, longueur
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">多长</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">duōcháng</span>
              </td>

              <td></td>

              <td>
                quelle longueur
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">已经</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">yǐjīng</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (adv)
              </td>

              <td>
                déjà
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">生活</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">shēnghuó</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (n)
              </td>

              <td>
                vivre
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">习惯</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">xíguàn</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (v)
              </td>

              <td>
                être habitué
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      
    

    <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_247" class="level2">
      <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_648">Conversation 2 : Depuis quand étudies-tu le chinois?</h2>

      <audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/22-02.mp3"></audio>

      <ul>
        <li>- <span class="hanzi">来以前你学过几个月汉语？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Lái yǐqián nǐ xué guo jǐ gè yuè Hànyǔ?</span><br/> - Avant de venir, combien de mois as-tu étudié le chinois?</li>

        <li>- <span class="hanzi">６个月。一个星期有３个小时课。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Liù gè yuè. Yī gè xīngqī yǒu sān gè xiǎoshí kè.</span><br/> - Six mois. 3 heures de leçon par semaine. (une semaine, 3 heures de leçon)</li>

        <li>- <span class="hanzi">你打算学习多长时间？</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ dǎsuàn xuéxí duōcháng shíjiān?</span><br/> - Tu envisages d'étudier combien de temps?</li>

        <li>- <span class="hanzi">５个月。我参加的是短期班。</span><br/> - <span class="pinyin">Wǔ gè yuè. Wǒ cānjiā de shì duǎnqī bān.</span><br/> - Cinq mois. Je me suis inscrit à un cours de courte durée.<br/></li>
      </ul>

      <section id="vocabulaire-43" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_649">Vocabulaire</h3>

        <table class="table1">
          <thead>
            <tr class="header">
              <th>
                Hanzi
              </th>

              <th>
                Pinyin
              </th>

              <th>
                Type<br/>

                grammatical
              </th>

              <th>
                Traduction
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>

          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">小时</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">xiǎoshí</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (n)
              </td>

              <td>
                heure
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">课</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">kè</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (n)
              </td>

              <td>
                cours, leçon
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">打算</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">dǎsuàn</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (v)
              </td>

              <td>
                compter, envisager
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">参加</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">cānjiā</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (v)
              </td>

              <td>
                participer
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">短期</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">duǎnqī</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (adj)
              </td>

              <td>
                courte-durée
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">班</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">bān</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (n)
              </td>

              <td>
                classe
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">短期班</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">duǎnqī bān</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (n)
              </td>

              <td>
                cours de courte durée
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      
    

    <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_249" class="level2">
      <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_650">Conversation 3 : Avez-vous terminé d'étudier ce livre?</h2>

      <audio controls="controls" src="../Audio/22-03.mp3"></audio>

      <table class="table1">
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td>
              - <span class="hanzi">这本书你们学完了吗？</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - <span class="pinyin">Zhè běn shū nǐmen xué wán le ma?</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - Avez-vous terminé d'étudier ce livre?
            </td>
          </tr>

          <tr>
            <td>
              - <span class="hanzi">刚开始，还没学完呢。</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - <span class="pinyin">Gāng kāishǐ, hái méi xué wán ne.</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - (Nous) commençons juste, nous n'avons pas encore fini de l'étudier.
            </td>
          </tr>

          <tr>
            <td>
              - <span class="hanzi">你们学到第几课了？</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - <span class="pinyin">Nǐmen xué dào dì jǐ kè le?</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - Jusqu'à quelle leçon avez-vous étudié?
            </td>
          </tr>

          <tr>
            <td>
              - <span class="hanzi">第８课。我们一天学一课。</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - <span class="pinyin">Dì bā kè. Wǒmen yī tiān xué yī kè.</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - Leçon 8. Nous étudions une leçon par jour.
            </td>
          </tr>

          <tr>
            <td>
              - <span class="hanzi">老师讲得不慢，够快的。</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - <span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī jiǎng de bù màn, gòu kuài de.</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              - Le professeur n'enseigne pas lentement, c'est assez rapide.
            </td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>

      <section id="vocabulaire-44" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_651">Vocabulaire</h3>

        <table class="table1">
          <thead>
            <tr class="header">
              <th>
                Hanzi
              </th>

              <th>
                Pinyin
              </th>

              <th>
                Type<br/>

                grammatical
              </th>

              <th>
                Traduction
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>

          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">完</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">wán</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (v)
              </td>

              <td>
                terminer
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">刚</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">gāng</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (adv)
              </td>

              <td>
                à l'instant, juste
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">开始</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">kāishǐ</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (v)
              </td>

              <td>
                commencer
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">到</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">dào</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (v)
              </td>

              <td>
                arriver à
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">讲</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">jiǎng</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (v)
              </td>

              <td>
                parler, enseigner
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">慢</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">màn</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (adj)
              </td>

              <td>
                doucement
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">够</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">gòu</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (adv)
              </td>

              <td>
                assez
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">快</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">kuài</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                (adj)
              </td>

              <td>
                vite, rapide
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      
    

    <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_250" class="level2">
      <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_652">Grammaire</h2>

      <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_251" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_653">Les compléments de durée 了 ou 过</h3>

        <p>Les compléments de durée <span class="hanzi">了</span> (<span class="pinyin">le</span>) et <span class="hanzi">过</span> (<span class="pinyin">guo</span>) sont placés après un verbe pour exprimer la durée ou l'état d'avancement d'une action en cours ou terminée.</p>

        <p>Exemples:</p>

        <div class="exemple">
          <ul>
            <li>- <span class="hanzi">我 到 北京 一个月 了 。</span><br/> - <br/>- Je suis arrivé à Pékin il y a un mois.</li>

            <li>- <span class="hanzi">我 学 过 一 年 汉语。</span><br/> - <br/>- J'ai étudié un an le chinois.<br/></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      

      <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_252" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_654">Les compléments de résultat <span class="hanzist">完</span> ou <span class="hanzist">到</span></h3>

        <p>Les compléments de résultat 完 (wán) et 到 (dào) sont utilisés avec verbe ou adjectif pour indiquer le résultat d'une action.</p>

        <p>Exemples:</p>

        <div class="exemple">
          <ul>
            <li>- <span class="hanzi">我们 学完 这 本 书 了。</span><br/> - <br/>- Nous avons fini d'étudier ce livre</li>

            <li>- <span class="hanzi">我　 看完 杂志 了。</span><br/> - <br/>- J'ai fini de lire le magazine</li>

            <li>- <span class="hanzi">我 没看完。</span><br/> - <br/>- Je n'ai pas fini de lire</li>

            <li>- <span class="hanzi">我们 学到 第三课 了。</span><br/> - <br/>- Nous avons étudié jusqu'à la leçon 3<br/></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      

      <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_253" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_655">Indicateur d'approximation d'un nombre <span class="hanzist">多</span></h3>

        <p>Le mot <span class="hanzi">多</span> (<span class="pinyin">duō</span>) est employé entre le classificateur et le nom ou après un nom-classificateur pour exprimer "un peu plus".</p>

        <p>Exemples:</p>

        <div class="exemple">
          <ul>
            <li>- <span class="hanzi">一个 多 月。</span><br/> - <br/>- plus d'un mois</li>

            <li>- <span class="hanzi">一年 多 。</span><br/> - <br/>- plus d'un an</li>

            <li>- <span class="hanzi">一个 多 小时。</span><br/> - <br/>- plus d'une heure<br/></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
      
    

    <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_254" class="level2">
      <h2 id="sigil_toc_id_656">Exercices de substitution</h2>

      <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_255" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_657">Exercise 1</h3>

        <table class="table1">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>
                - <span class="hanzi">你来北京多长时间了？</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                - <span class="pinyin">Nǐ lái Běijing duōcháng shíjiān le?</span>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                - <span class="hanzi">已经<span class="encadrerouge">半个多月</span>了。</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                - <span class="pinyin">Yǐjīng <span class="encadrerouge">bàn gè duō yuè</span> le.</span>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>

        <p><br/></p>

        <table class="table1">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>
                ４
              </td>

              <td></td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">年</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">sì nián</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                4 ans
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">半</span>
              </td>

              <td></td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">年</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">bàn nián</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                un semestre (demi-année)
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                ３
              </td>

              <td></td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">天</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">sān tiān</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                3 jours
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                ３
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">个</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">月</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">sān gè yuè</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                3 mois
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                １
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">个</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">半月</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">sān gè bàn yuè</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                1 mois et demi
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                ４
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">个</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="hanzi">星期</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                <span class="pinyin">sì gè xīngqī</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                4 semaines
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      

      <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_256" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_658">Exercise 2</h3>

        <table class="table1">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>
                - <span class="hanzi"><span class="encadrerouge">这本书</span>你们<span class="encadrerouge">学</span>完了吗？</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                - <span class="pinyin"><span class="encadrerouge">Zhè běn shū</span> nǐmen <span class="encadrerouge">xué</span> wán le ma?</span>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                - <span class="hanzi">还没学完呢。</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                - <span class="pinyin">Hái méi xué wán ne.</span>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>

        <p><br/></p>

        <table class="table1">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <th colspan="3">
                <p>Nom</p>
              </th>

              <th colspan="3">
                <p>Verbe</p>
              </th>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">书</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">shū</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>livre</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">看</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">kàn</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>lire</p>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">东西</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">dōngxī</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>chose</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">买</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">mǎi</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>acheter</p>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">茶</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">chá</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>thé</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">喝</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">hē</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>boire</p>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">练习</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">liànxí</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>exercice</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">作</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">zuò</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>faire</p>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">饭</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">fàn</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>riz, repas</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">吃</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">chī</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>manger</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      

      <section id="lesson22.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_257" class="level3">
        <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_659">Exercise 3</h3>

        <table class="table1">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>
                - <span class="hanzi">你们<span class="encadrerouge">学</span>到第几课了？</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                - <span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <span class="encadrerouge">xué</span> dào dì jǐ kè le?</span>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                - <span class="hanzi">第<span class="encadrerouge">８</span><span class="encadrerouge">课</span>。</span>
              </td>

              <td>
                - <span class="pinyin">Dì <span class="encadrerouge">8</span> <span class="encadrerouge">kè</span>.</span>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>

        <p><br/></p>

        <table class="table1">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <th colspan="3">
                <p>Verbe</p>
              </th>

              <th>
                <p>Quantité</p>
              </th>

              <th colspan="3">
                <p>Mesure</p>
              </th>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">看</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">kàn</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>lire</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>３</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">行</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">háng</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>ligne</p>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">学</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">xué</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>étudier</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>５</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">课</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">kè</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>leçon</p>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">念</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">niàn</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>lire (à haute voix)</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>６</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">页</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">yè</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>page</p>
              </td>
            </tr>

            <tr>
              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">复习</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">fùxí</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>réviser</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>５</p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="hanzi">课</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p><span class="pinyin">kè</span></p>
              </td>

              <td>
                <p>leçon</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>

        <p><span id="lesson23.xhtml"></span></p>
      
    
  
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