|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,4256 @@
|
|
|
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
|
|
|
+<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
|
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
|
|
|
+<article>
|
|
|
+ <articleinfo>
|
|
|
+ <title>Microsoft Word - PDOT</title>
|
|
|
+ <authorgroup>
|
|
|
+ <author>
|
|
|
+ <firstname/>
|
|
|
+ <surname>Volunteer</surname>
|
|
|
+ </author>
|
|
|
+ </authorgroup>
|
|
|
+ </articleinfo>
|
|
|
+ <sect1 id="chinese-language">
|
|
|
+ <title>Chinese Language</title>
|
|
|
+ <sect2 id="mandarin">
|
|
|
+ <title>Mandarin</title>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ <inlinemediaobject>
|
|
|
+ <imageobject>
|
|
|
+ <imagedata
|
|
|
+ fileref="CN_Mandarin_Language_Lessons_files/CN_Mandarin_Language_Lessons-1.jpg"/>
|
|
|
+ </imageobject>
|
|
|
+ </inlinemediaobject>
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect2>
|
|
|
+ <sect2 id="peace-corps-china">
|
|
|
+ <title>Peace Corps / China</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 1 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ <inlinemediaobject>
|
|
|
+ <imageobject>
|
|
|
+ <imagedata
|
|
|
+ fileref="CN_Mandarin_Language_Lessons_files/CN_Mandarin_Language_Lessons-2.jpg"/>
|
|
|
+ </imageobject>
|
|
|
+ </inlinemediaobject>
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> The script accompanies the following 15 audio tracks: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—1 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—2 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—3 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—4 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—5 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—6 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—7 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—8 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—9 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—10 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—11 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—12 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—13 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—1 4 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> CN Mandarin Lesson 1 5 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> (Time 3:39) (File Size:1.5MB) (Time 14:52)(File Size:6.1MB) (Time 4:45) (File
|
|
|
+ Size:1.95MB) (Time 2:07) (File Size:873KB) (Time 3:14) (File Size:1.3MB) (Time 4:22) (File
|
|
|
+ Size:1.8MB) (Time 3:01) (File Size:1.24MB) (Time 3:37) (File Size:1.49MB) (Time 1:24) File
|
|
|
+ Size:576KB) (Time 1:50)(File Size:757KB) (Time 1:19)(File Size:544KB) (Time 1:12)(File
|
|
|
+ Size:497KB) (Time 2:41)(File Size:1.1MB) (Time 1:01)(File Size:420KB) (Time 1:25)(File
|
|
|
+ Size:588KB) </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 2 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="table-of-contents">
|
|
|
+ <title>Table of Contents</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 1 Introduction to Chinese Language </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P4 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 2 Phonetics </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P5 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 3 Basic Grammar </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P9 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 4 Greetings </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P11 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 5 Introductions </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P12 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 6 Numbers/Prices </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P14 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 7 Food & Drink </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P16 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 8 Some Chinese Dishes </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P18 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 9 Useful Phrases </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P19 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 10 Sick and Emergency </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P20 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 11 Direction and Places </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P21 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 12 Clothes and Colors </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P22 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 13 Time </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P23 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 14 Family </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P25 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 15 Home Items </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P26 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Appendix: Measure words in Chinese (no audio) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> P27 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 3 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-1-introduction-to-chinese-language">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 1 Introduction to Chinese Language</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Mandarin is the official language of the People’s Republic of China. It is the
|
|
|
+ dialect spoken in the capital Beijing. It is taught in all schools and is used for
|
|
|
+ television and broadcast. Almost the entire population understands Mandarin. The language
|
|
|
+ taught in Pre-Service Training (PST) is Mandarin. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese is a language with a large number of words with the same pronunciation but a
|
|
|
+ different meaning; what distinguishes these ‘homophones，is their ‘tonal，quality - the
|
|
|
+ raising and lowering of pitch on certain syllables. Mandarin has four tones - high,
|
|
|
+ rising, falling-rising and falling, plus a fifth ‘neutral，tone. To illustrate, look at the
|
|
|
+ word ma which has four different meanings according to tone: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> High ma ‘mother， </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Rising ma ‘hemp，or ‘numb， </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Falling-rising ma ‘horse， </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Falling ma ‘to scold，or ‘swear， </para>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="writing-system">
|
|
|
+ <title>Writing System</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese is not a phonetic language and the characters do not bear any resemblance
|
|
|
+ to actual pronunciation. Chinese is often referred to as a language of pictographs. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> There are about 56,000 characters, but the vast majority of these are archaic. It
|
|
|
+ is commonly felt that a well-educated, contemporary Chinese might know and use between
|
|
|
+ 6000 and 8000 characters. To read a Chinese newspaper you will need to know 2000 to
|
|
|
+ 3000, but 1200 to 1500 would be enough to get the gist. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Each Chinese character represents a spoken syllable, so many people declare that
|
|
|
+ Chinese is a ‘monosyllabic language.，Actually, it，s more a case of having a monosyllabic
|
|
|
+ writing system. While the building block of the Chinese language is indeed the
|
|
|
+ monosyllabic Chinese character, Chinese words are usually a combination of two or more
|
|
|
+ characters. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> You could think of Chinese words as being compounds. </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="phonetic-system-一-pinyin">
|
|
|
+ <title>Phonetic system 一 Pinyin</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> In 1958 China adopted a system of writing their language using the Roman alphabet.
|
|
|
+ It's known as Pinyin. It is used in this course. </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="grammar">
|
|
|
+ <title>Grammar</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese grammar is much simpler than that of European languages. There are no
|
|
|
+ articles (a/the), no tenses and no plurals. The basic point to bear in mind is that,
|
|
|
+ like English, Chinese word order is subject-verb-object. In other words, a basic English
|
|
|
+ sentence like ‘I (subject) love (verb) you (object)，is constructed in exactly the same
|
|
|
+ way in Chinese.. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 4 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> High </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ‘mother， </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Rising </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ‘hemp， or ‘numb， </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Falling-rising </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ‘horse， </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Falling </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ‘to scold， or ‘swear， </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-2-phonetics">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 2: Phonetics</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> There are 6 basic vowels and 21 consonants in Mandarin Chinese. A syllable always
|
|
|
+ consists of a vowel (V) or a consonant with a vowel (CV), such as ba, fo, ne. Consonant
|
|
|
+ clusters, two or more consonants used in succession, are not permitted in Chinese. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Syllabic combinations common in English such as VC (up, at), CVC (big, pat, map),
|
|
|
+ CCVC (bred, dread, stone), CVCC (mask, best, sand), CcV (fly, blue, grow) CCCV (screw,
|
|
|
+ spray, stray), VCC (old, and, ink), VCCC (Olds, ants, amps), CCVCC (brand, trains,
|
|
|
+ swings), CVCCC (tests, tenths, lunged), CVCCCC (thirsts, texts, worlds), CCVCCC (slurps,
|
|
|
+ prints, flirts), CCCVC (street, squat, strut), CCCVCC (struts, squats, sprained), and
|
|
|
+ CCCVCCC (scrimps, sprints, squelched) are not possible in Chinese. CVC, on the other hand,
|
|
|
+ is possible in Chinese, but the final C can only be the nasal sounds -n and -ng and the
|
|
|
+ retroflex -r, such as jing, nan, yong and er. Consonants are often called initials because
|
|
|
+ they invariably appear initially in a word with the exception of the final -n, -ng or r,
|
|
|
+ which can appear finally. Vowels are also called finals because they appear medially or
|
|
|
+ finally in a word. Vowels can stand by themselves when no initial consonant is present. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Let’s learn the finals (vowels) first: </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="4">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> MANDARIN </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> SIMILAR ENGLISH SOUND </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> EXAMPLE (PINYIN & CHARACTER) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> NOTE </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> a </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Father </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ba爸 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> e </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fur </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ce测 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> i </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> see </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> dr地 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> o </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> or </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> po婆 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> u </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> flute </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bu不 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> u </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> German ‘fur， </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lu绿 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Written as ‘u， when appearing after ‘j q x， </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ai </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fly </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nai奶 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> now </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ha。好 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ei </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> day </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> mei美 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ia </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yard </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xia下 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ie </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yes </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xie谢 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> iu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yolk </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liu六 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ou </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> low </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> lou楼 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ua </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wah </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hua花 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> you ate </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yue月 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ‘ue， stands for a syllable by itself, so it is written as ‘yue，, with the 2
|
|
|
+ dots dropped </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ui </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> way </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hu!会 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> uo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> war </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zuo做 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> iao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> miaow </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yao要 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 5 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> uai </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> why </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> kuai 快 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> an </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> upon </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> man慢 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> en </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> broken </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wen问 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> town </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fang 房 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> eng </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ehng </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> peng石並 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> er </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> her </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 、 -- </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> er—— </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yen </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> dian 点 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> iang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yahng </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liang xie 凉 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> in </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> inn </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xin心 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ing </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> eeng </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ting 听 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> iong </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yohng </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yong 用 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ong </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> song </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> dong 冬 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> uan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wand </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> guan 关 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> un </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> when </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hun昏 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> uang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wong </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> huing 黄 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> uan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> you an </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> quin 全 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> un </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yuen </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jun年 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Now the initials (consonants): </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="4">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> MANDARIN </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> SIMILAR ENGLISH SOUND </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> EXAMPLE (PINYIN & CHARACTER) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> NOTE </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Bb </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> boy </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ba爸 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Pp </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> paper </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> po婆 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Mm </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> mother </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma妈 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ff </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> food </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fa发 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Dd </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> door </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> da大 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Tt </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tall </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ta他 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Nn </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> name </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ni你 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ll </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> life </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> le乐 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Gg </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> girl </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ge个 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Kk </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> kid </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ke客 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Hh </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> high </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> he和 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Jj </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jeans </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jie姐 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> the lips do not protrude </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Qq </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> cheese </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qian 钱 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xx </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shock </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xiu休 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> the lips do not protrude </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zz </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> kids </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zuo坐 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Cc </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> cats </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ca擦 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Not a equivalent in English </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ss </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> sir </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> san三 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zhzh </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ <superscript>jo</superscript>y </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhao 找 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> pronounced without rounding and protruding the lips </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 6 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="4">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chch </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> child </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chuang 床 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> See above </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Shsh </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shoe </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shuo 说 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> See above </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Rr </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> red </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ruan 软 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> See above </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Vv </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> visit </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Only to spell foreign words </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ww </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> white </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wo夜 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Is actually ‘u，when ‘u，stands for a syllable by itself </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Yy </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> year </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> you有 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Is actually ‘i，（see above) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Some sounds are especially difficult for English speakers to remember, and have
|
|
|
+ similar pronunciations. The sound q<subscript>9</subscript> for example, sounds a little
|
|
|
+ like ch. Similar pairs are xand h and j and zh. </para>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="please-listen-and-repeat-the-following-words">
|
|
|
+ <title>Please listen and repeat the following words:</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> zi ci si zhi chi shi ri ji qi xi </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="tones">
|
|
|
+ <title>Tones</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> High </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> high, flat, continuous tone </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Rising ' </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> rising tone similar to the intonation used in the question What?， </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Falling-rising " </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tone that falls then rises. You'll hear many Mandarin speakers
|
|
|
+ ‘swallow，the rising sound, only giving it a clear falling-rising pattern far
|
|
|
+ emphasis. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Falling 、 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> falling tone, similar to the one used when yelling ‘Damn!， </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> To help you get close, here's a brief try at tones, transcribed in English.
|
|
|
+ Consider the syllable ‘mmm，（a non-syllable in Mandarin). Then, </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> The high level tone is what you might say in English if you were asked a question,
|
|
|
+ and you had to think about it before answering. It's high, and it's a constant tone:
|
|
|
+ “Mmm, sixteen, I think.” </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> ' The rising tone is like a question: “Mmm? I didn't catch that.” </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> ▽ The low level tone is what you might say in English to express doubt, or
|
|
|
+ disbelief: “Mmm...I don't know about that.” </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 、 The falling tone is like an interjection: “Mmm! Well, I'll be!” </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 7 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Listen and repeat: first tone </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="choose-the-syllables-you-heard">
|
|
|
+ <title>Choose the syllables you heard：</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="5">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> didian </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> ditan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> baobian </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> baopian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tonghong </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> gongtong </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> daodian </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> daotian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zaizuo </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> caicuo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xingqiu </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiyou </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> canting </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> kanxin </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> cesuo </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiecuo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jian </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xue yue shui jue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ri ceng zi qing </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> rou </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> zou </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xuan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> juan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhun </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhen </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chen yue chun yun </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiang </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> cang </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> shang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 8 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="4">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> first tone </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> second tone </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> third tone </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fourthtone </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> a </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> a </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> a </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> a </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ma </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qing </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qing </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qing </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qing </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> guo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> guo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> guo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> guo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-3-basic-grammar">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 3: Basic Grammar</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Mandarin grammar is relatively straightforward. There are no verb conjugations, no
|
|
|
+ plurals, no articles (a/the), and no gender or tenses. At an elementary level, sentence
|
|
|
+ order is similar to English: subject-verb-object. For example, the sentence ‘I study
|
|
|
+ Chinese，follows exactly the same word order in Mandarin: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> I study Chinese. Wo xue hlnyu。（lit: I study Chinese) </para>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="lets-learn-a-few-words-first">
|
|
|
+ <title>Let，s learn a few words first:</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> this </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhe </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> that </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> na </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> to be </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> shi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> tea </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> cha </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> rice/meal </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> fan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> cup </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> beizi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> egg </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> jidan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> question particle ma </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> no </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> bu </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> what </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> shenme </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> This is tea. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zhe shi cha。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> That is rice. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Na shi fan。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> This is a cup. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zhe shi beizi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> That is an egg. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Na shi jidan。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Note: ‘Shi，is ‘to be，. It is generally followed by a noun which defines the
|
|
|
+ subject/topic. It is not normally followed by an adjective on its own. </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="how-to-form-a-question">
|
|
|
+ <title>How to form a question?</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> A very simple way to form a question in Chinese is by putting a question particle
|
|
|
+ ‘ma，at the end of a sentence that would otherwise be a plain statement. English
|
|
|
+ counterparts of these questions are usually formed by syntactically more complicated
|
|
|
+ “transformational” processes such as movement of the verb to the beginning of the
|
|
|
+ sentence. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 9 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="then-you-can-talk-about-objects">
|
|
|
+ <title>Then you can talk about objects:</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="2">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Is this tea? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zhe shi cha ma? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Yes./ No. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Shi / Bu shi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Is that rice? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Na shi fan ma? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Yes. /No. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Shi / Bu shi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Is this a cup? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zhe shi beizi ma? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Yes./No. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Shi / Bu shi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Is that an egg? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Na shi jidan ma? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Yes. /No. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Shi / Bu shi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Note: The word ‘bu，is the negative word. It precedes the verb to indicate that
|
|
|
+ something does not happen. Here its tone changes from the fourth to the second because
|
|
|
+ it is followed by a fourth tone. You will learn the rule in the future. </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="so-how-do-you-ask-what-something-is">
|
|
|
+ <title>So how do you ask what something is?</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> ‘什么 Shenme， is the interrogative word ‘what，. The most important feature about
|
|
|
+ Chinese interrogative pronouns is that, unlike English practice which shifts all
|
|
|
+ interrogative pronouns to the beginning of the question, Chinese keeps them in the
|
|
|
+ position in the sentence where the answers would be expected. </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="2">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> What is this? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zhe shi shenme? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> This is tea. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zhe shi cha。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> What is that? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Na shi shenme? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> That is a cup. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Na shi b3izi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 10 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-4-greetings">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 4: Greetings</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Vocabulary </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> you (singular) I, me </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> good, all right </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> goodbye </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> morning </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> morning </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> afternoon </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> evening </para>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="dialogue-1">
|
|
|
+ <title>Dialogue 1</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Greetings in all circumstances </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: How are you? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ni hao。 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: How are you? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ni ha。。 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Goodbye. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> ZaijUn。 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: Goodbye. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zlijian。 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Note: Nihǎo. This is a common, slightly formal, greeting. Literally it would
|
|
|
+ translate as “You are good,” or if conceived of as a question, “Are you fine?” However,
|
|
|
+ it is not really a question. The response is usually simply Ni hǎo again. Other common
|
|
|
+ greetings used among friends or acquaintances are: </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="dialogue-2">
|
|
|
+ <title>Dialogue 2:</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Greet people in the morning </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Good morning. Good morning. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Zao。（ or Zaoshang ha。。） B: Za。。（ or Zaoshang ha。。） </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Note: You can change the morning ^zaoshiing<superscript>9</superscript>to afternoon
|
|
|
+ ‘xaw，or evening </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> ，respectively, and add good ‘hěo<superscript>9</superscript>to greet people in
|
|
|
+ different times of a day. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 11 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> you (singular) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ni </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I, me </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> good, all right </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> goodbye </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zaijian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> morning </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> za。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> morning </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zaoshang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> afternoon </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xiawu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> evening </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wanshang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-5-introductions">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 5: Introductions</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Vocabulary </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> May I ask...? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Qingwen… </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> you (singular) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ni </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> what </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shenme </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> name </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> mingzi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I, me </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> call, to be called, to be named </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> (V) to be surnamed; (N) surname </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xing </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> a male’s name </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhang wei </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="dialogue-1-1">
|
|
|
+ <title>Dialogue 1</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ask for the whole name </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: May I ask your name? B: I’m called Zhang Wei. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Qingwen, ni jia。shenme mingzi? B: Wo jia。Zhang W5i。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="dialogue-2-1">
|
|
|
+ <title>Dialogue 2:</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ask for the family name and the given name </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: May I ask your surname? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: My family name is Wang. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> I’m called Wang Jiande. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> And you? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> What is your name? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: My family name is Zhang. I am called Zhang Wei. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Qingwen, ni xing shenme? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: Wo xing Wang, </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> jia。Wang JiandS。 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Nr ne? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ni jiao shenme mingzi? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Wo xing Zhang, jia。Zhang Wei。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Note: In a Chinese name, the surname or family name always comes first, followed by
|
|
|
+ the given name. Most surnames consist of a single character, though some have two. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 12 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Given names may be either one or two characters. Depending on social circumstances,
|
|
|
+ individuals identify themselves either </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> (1) by surname only: Wo xing Zhāng </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> or </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> (2) by full name: Wo jiao Zhāng Wei, or Wo shi'Zhāng W<^i. </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="the-personal-pronouns">
|
|
|
+ <title>The personal pronouns:</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I/me </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> You </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ni </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> He/him </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ta </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> She/her </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ta </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> It </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ta </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> We/us </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> women </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> You (pl.) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nimen </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> They/them </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tamen </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Note: Chinese personal pronouns are very simple. There is no distinction for case.
|
|
|
+ 'Wo' is 'wo<superscript>5</superscript> regardless of whether it is the subject of the
|
|
|
+ sentence or the object of the verb, and the same is true for the second and third person
|
|
|
+ pronouns. Nor is there a distinction for gender. ‘Ta’ is ‘ta’, whether it refers to a
|
|
|
+ woman or a man. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 13 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Numbers 1-10: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> one yi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> two er </para>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="numbers-10---lbillion">
|
|
|
+ <title>Numbers 10 - lbillion:</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> The Chinese number system is quite simple and generally easy to learn. Multiples of
|
|
|
+ 10 are made by stating the multiple and then 10 - so 20 is literally ‘two ten，. If you
|
|
|
+ learn the numbers from one to 10, you can count to 100 without having to learn any new
|
|
|
+ vocabulary. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> The Chinese counting system is based on units of 10. These multiply as follows: </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 10 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 十 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 100 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bai </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 百 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1000 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 千 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 10,000 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> win </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 万 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 100,000 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shiwan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 十万 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1 million </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> baiwan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 百万 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 10 million </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qianwan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 千万 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 100 million </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wanwan; yi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 亿 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1 billion </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shi yi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 十亿 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="ordinal-numbers">
|
|
|
+ <title>Ordinal numbers:</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Simply prefix any number with di, and it becomes an ordinal: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1st di yi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2nd di’ er </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3rd di san </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 10th di shi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 14 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> one </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> two </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> er </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 二 (When counting, two is er 二，when used with </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> measure words, it is liang 两） </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> three </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> san </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ~三 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> four </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> si </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 四 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> five </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 五 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> six </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 六 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> seven </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 七 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> eight </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ba </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 八 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nine </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 九 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ten </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 十 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1st </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> dr yi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2nd </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> di<superscript>5</superscript> er </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3rd </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> di san </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 10th </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> di shi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="dialogue-1-2">
|
|
|
+ <title>Dialogue 1</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Asking for the price </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Excuse me, how much is this? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Qing wen, zhege duoshao qian? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ten yuan. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: Shi-kuai qiin。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I want this one. Thanks. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Wo yao zh^ge。 H&xi士。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="dialogue-2-2">
|
|
|
+ <title>Dialogue 2</title>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Asking for items in the grocery </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> What do you want to buy? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Ni yao mai shenme? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I want to buy mineral water. How much is it (per bottle)? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: Wo yao mai kuangquanshui。Duōsha。 qian yi-ping? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Two-sixty. How many bottles do you want? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> A: Liang-kuai-liu。Yio j i-ping? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Four. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> B: Si-ping。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="vocabulary">
|
|
|
+ <title>Vocabulary</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 15 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> this </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhege </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> that </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nage </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> which </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nage </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> how much? how many? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> duoshao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> money </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qi>an </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> "dollar" or Chinese yuan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> kuai yuan is slightly more formal </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> want </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> thanks, thank you </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xiexie </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> buy </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> mai </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> mineral water </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> kuangquanshui </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> (Measure word) bottle </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ping </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> how many? (up to ten or so) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ji- another meaning is ‘several’ </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Phrases & Sentences: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> I’d like to have noodles. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> I don’t want noodles. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Do you have …or not? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Don't make it too hot. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-7-food-and-vocabulary">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 7 Food and Vocabulary</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Drinks </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 16 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> rice </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> mifan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> noodle </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> miantiao </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> dumpling </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiaozi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 4. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> bread </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> mianbao </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 5. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> vegetable </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> shucai </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 6. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> pork </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhurou </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 7. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> beef </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> niurou </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 8. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> fish </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> y<superscript>u</superscript>
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 9. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> water </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> shui </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 10. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> mineral water </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> kuangquanshui </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> coffee </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> kafei </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 12. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> tea </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> ch>a </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 13. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> milk </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> niunai. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 14. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> juice </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> guo zhi. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 15. beer </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> pijiu v </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 16. yogurt </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> suannai </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 17. bowl </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> wan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 18. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> plate </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> pinzi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 19. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> cup </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> beizi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 20. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> bottle </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> pingzi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 21. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> sugar </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> t>ang </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 22. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> salt </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> yan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 23. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> chili </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> lajiao </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 24. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> oil </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> you </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 25. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> MSG </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> weijing </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 26. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> hot </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> rede; tangde </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 27. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> iced </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> bingdongde </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 28. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> and </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> he </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I’d like to have noodles. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo yao miantiao。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I don’t want noodles. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo buyao miantiao。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Do you have …or not? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> You meiyou …？ </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Don’t make it too hot. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Buyao tai la。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I like dumplings. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo xihuan jiaozi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I don’t like rice. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo buxihuan mfn。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Can I have the bill, please? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Maidan/Suanzhang。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 17 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Please try to use the vocabulary above to substitute these sentences. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-8-some-chinese-dishes">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 8 Some Chinese Dishes</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Please say “I like •••，，and “I don’t like …” in Chinese by using above vocabulary. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Please visit a Chinese restaurant in your hometown to try out some dishes and try
|
|
|
+ your </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Language! </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 18 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Cold Dishes (Appetizers): </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> liangban jiangdou </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Boiled cowpeas with chili sauce </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> plocai </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> pickles </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Hot Dishes (Main Course): </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> yuxiang rousi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Stir fried shredded pork with “YuXiang” sauce </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> huiguo rou </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Twice cooked pork </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> yuxiang qiezi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Stir fried eggplant with “YuXiang” sauce </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 4. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> gongbao jiding </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Spicy chicken with peanuts </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 5. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> fanqie cMo jidan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Scrambled eggs with tomato </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 6. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> tangcu paigu </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Sweet and sour spare ribs </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Vegetable: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> hupi qingjHo </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Fried/Tiger-skin green pepper </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> tudou si </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Stir fried shredded potatoes </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> tangcu lianbai </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Stir fried cabbage with sweet and sour sauce </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 4. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> ganbian sijidou </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Fried kidney beans </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Noodles: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> fanqie jidan miln </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Noodles with egg & tomato </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> zńjiang mian </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Noodles with meat sauce </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> niurou mian </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Noodles with beef </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 4. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> hongyou shuijiao </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Boiled dumplings with chili sauce </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 5. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> qingtang shuijiao </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Boiled dumplings </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 6. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> chaoshou </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Boiled soft dumplings with soup </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Rice & Grains </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> mifan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Rice </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> dan chaofan </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Fried rice with egg </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> babao zhou </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 8-treasures Porridge </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Fruits: </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> pingguo </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> apples </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> xiangjHo </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> bananas </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> juzi _ </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> tangerines </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 4. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> xigua </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> watermelon </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 5. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> t>aozi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> peaches </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 6. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> lizi </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> pears </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 7. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> caomei </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> strawberries </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-9-useful-phrases">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 9 Useful Phrases</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 1. Thank you. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xiexie。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 2. You’re welcome </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Buxie。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 3. I am sorry. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Duibuqi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 4. That’s all right </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Meiguanxi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 5. May I ask…？ </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Qingwen… </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 6. Do you speak English? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ni huishuo yingyu ma? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 7. I am an American. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo shi meiguo r6n。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 8. I am a Peace Corps volunteer </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> . Wo shi Heping duiyuan。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 9. I don’t speak Chinese. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo buhui hanyu。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 10. Do you understand? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ni neng tingdong ma? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11. I don’t understand. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo ting budong。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 12. Please say it again. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Qing zai shuo yibian。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> 13. Please speak slowly. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Qing shuo man yidian。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 19 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para>
|
|
|
+ <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-10-sickness-and-emergency">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 10 Sickness and Emergency</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Emergency </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Help! </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Jiu ming! </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Police! </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Jingcha! </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> May I use your telephone? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo keyi yong nide dilnhua ma? </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> I need to call the police 110. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo yao da yao-yao-ling。 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> (yao is an alternate pronunciation for the number one, used because yiis easily
|
|
|
+ confused with qi especially on the telephone) </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 20 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Sick </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I am sick. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo shengbing le。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I have a cold. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo ganmao le。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I am allergic to this. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo dui zhege guomin。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I am tired. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo lei le。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I want to go to bed. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo xiang shuijiao le。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Where is the bathroom? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xishoujian zai na? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> I need to go to the hospital. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wo yao dao yiyuan。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> May I ask where the hospital is? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Qingwen, yiyuan zai na? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-11-direction-and-places">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 11 Direction and Places</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 21 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Direction </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Where is the...? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> …zai nar? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> On the left </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zai zuo bian。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> On the right </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zai you biln。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Straight-ahead </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Qian bian。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Near by </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Fu jin。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Not far from here </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Li zher bu yuan。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Above </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Shang bian。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Behind </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Hou biln。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Places </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shop </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shangdian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> street </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jie(dao) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> restaurant </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fanguan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> school </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xuexiao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> classroom </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiaoshi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> office </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bangongshi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bus station </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chezhan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> railway station </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> huochezhan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-12-clothes-and-colors">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 12 Clothes and Colors</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 22 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Clothes </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Yifu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> pants </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> kuzi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> blouse </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> waitao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shirt </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chenshan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> skirt </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qunzi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jacket </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiake </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shoes </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> xie </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> sandals </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liangxie </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> slippers </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tuoxie </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Colors </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ^anse </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> white </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bai (se) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> black </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hei (se) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> red </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hong (se) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yellow </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> huang (se) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> blue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> lan (se) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> green </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> lu (se) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> gray </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hui (se) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> brown </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zong/he (se) </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-13-time">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 13 Time</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi" </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi yi Xingqi er Xingqi san Xingqi si Xingqi wu Xingqi liu Xingqi tian Zhoumo </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 23 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Vocabulary： </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Days of the week </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xing^i </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Monday </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi yi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Tuesday </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi er </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Wednesday </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi san </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Thursday </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi si </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Friday </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi wu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Saturday </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi liu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Sunday </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Xingqi tian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Weekend </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Zhoumo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Months </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> January </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yi yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> February </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> er yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> March </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> san yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> April </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> si yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> May </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wu yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> June </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liu yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> July </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qi yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> August </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ba yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> September </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiu yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> October </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shi yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> November </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shi yi yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> December </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shi er yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> year </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> month </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yue </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> day </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ri/ha。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hour </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> dian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> minute </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fen </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yesterday </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zuotian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> today </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jintian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tomorrow </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> mingtiai </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <sect4 id="phrases-sentences">
|
|
|
+ <title>Phrases & Sentences:</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 24 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> What time is it? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Ji dian le? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> It is 9:10. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Jiu dian shi fen。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> What day is it? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Jintian xingqi ji? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Today is Monday. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Jintian xingqi yi。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> What is the date of today? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Jintian jihao? </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Today is May 1st. </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> Jintian wuyue yīhao。 </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Lesson 14 Family </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> mother </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> mama </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> father </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> baba </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> older sister </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiejie </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> younger sister </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> meimei </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> older brother </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> gege </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> younger brother </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> dldi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> daughter </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> V4 <subscript>7</subscript>
|
|
|
+ </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> nu er </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> son </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> erzi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> grandmother </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nainai </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> grandfather </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yeye </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> niece </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhinu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nephew </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> man </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nanren </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> woman </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nuren </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> boy </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nanhai’: </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> girl </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nuhai’r </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 25 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect4>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="lesson-15-home-items">
|
|
|
+ <title>Lesson 15 Home Items</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 26 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> glass / cup </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> beizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chopsticks </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> kuaizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bowl </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> plate </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> panzi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> spoon </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tangshi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fork </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chazi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> knife </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> dao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> table </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhuozi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chair </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> door </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> men </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> window </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chuang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> home </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jia </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> hotel </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> binguan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> room </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> fan^ian </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bathroom </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> weisheng jian/cesuo </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> toilet </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> matong </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> toilet paper </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> weisheng zhi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> soap </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ieizao </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> towel </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> maojin </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bed </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chuang </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> bed sheet </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> chuangdan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> blanket </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> tanzi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> pillow </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> zhentou </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Appendix </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ <sect3 id="measure-words-in-chinese">
|
|
|
+ <title>Measure words in Chinese:</title>
|
|
|
+ <para> (No Audio) </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> In Chinese, as in other languages, nouns may be differentiated into a number of
|
|
|
+ categories. The largest category is the common nouns, which covers tangible, discrete
|
|
|
+ entities, e.g.大人 da^en adult,树 shu tree, etc. The other noun categories are a) proper
|
|
|
+ nouns, e.g. 中国 zh3nggu。China,张伟 ZhĒng WSi (name of a person); b) material nouns (for
|
|
|
+ non-discrete entities), e.g.茶 cha tea; c) and abstract noun (for non-tangible entities),
|
|
|
+ e.g.文化 wenhua culture,经济 jingl economy. The Chinese common nouns, unlike English ones,
|
|
|
+ make no distinction in form between singular and plural: </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> cup/cups </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> beizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> a/one cup </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yi ge beizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> two cups </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liang ge beizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> egg/eggs </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jidan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> an/one egg </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yi ge jidan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> two eggs </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liang ge jidan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Another important feature of the common noun in Chinese is that when it is used with
|
|
|
+ a numeral, the numeral has to have a measure word between it and the noun. ge is by far
|
|
|
+ the most common measure word and it can occur with a wide range of nouns. </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> one person </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> yi ge ren </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> two eggs </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liang ge jidan </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> three cups </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> san ge beizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> four elder brothers </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> si ge gege </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> five plates </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> wu ge panzi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> six teachers </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> liu ge laoshi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> seven water melons </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> qi ge xigua </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 21 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ <informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <tgroup cols="0">
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
|
|
|
+ <tbody>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> eight balls </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ba ge piqiu </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> nine kids </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> jiu ge haizi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ <row>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> ten cities </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ <entry>
|
|
|
+ <para> shi ge chengshi </para>
|
|
|
+ </entry>
|
|
|
+ </row>
|
|
|
+ </tbody>
|
|
|
+ </tgroup>
|
|
|
+ </informaltable>
|
|
|
+ <para> A considerable number of nouns words. We will learn more about </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> or sets of nouns are linked with particular measure measure words in the future. </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
|
|
|
+ <para> Page 28 of 28 </para>
|
|
|
+ </sect3>
|
|
|
+ </sect2>
|
|
|
+ </sect1>
|
|
|
+</article>
|
