Chinese-Peace-Corps/1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
                  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
<article>
  <articleinfo>
    <title>Microsoft Word - PDOT</title>
    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <firstname/>
        <surname>Volunteer</surname>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </articleinfo>
  <sect1 id="chinese-language">
    <title>Chinese Language</title>
    <sect2 id="mandarin">
      <title>Mandarin</title>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata
              fileref="CN_Mandarin_Language_Lessons_files/CN_Mandarin_Language_Lessons-1.jpg"/>
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
    </sect2>
    <sect2 id="peace-corps-china">
      <title>Peace Corps / China</title>
      <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
      <para> Page 1 of 28 </para>
      <para>
        <inlinemediaobject>
          <imageobject>
            <imagedata
              fileref="CN_Mandarin_Language_Lessons_files/CN_Mandarin_Language_Lessons-2.jpg"/>
          </imageobject>
        </inlinemediaobject>
      </para>
      <para> Peace Corps / China </para>
      <para> The script accompanies the following 15 audio tracks: </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—1 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—2 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—3 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—4 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—5 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—6 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—7 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—8 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—9 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—10 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—11 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—12 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—13 </para>
      <para> CN—Mandarin—Lesson—1 4 </para>
      <para> CN Mandarin Lesson 1 5 </para>
      <para> (Time 3:39) (File Size:1.5MB) (Time 14:52)(File Size:6.1MB) (Time 4:45) (File
        Size:1.95MB) (Time 2:07) (File Size:873KB) (Time 3:14) (File Size:1.3MB) (Time 4:22) (File
        Size:1.8MB) (Time 3:01) (File Size:1.24MB) (Time 3:37) (File Size:1.49MB) (Time 1:24) File
        Size:576KB) (Time 1:50)(File Size:757KB) (Time 1:19)(File Size:544KB) (Time 1:12)(File
        Size:497KB) (Time 2:41)(File Size:1.1MB) (Time 1:01)(File Size:420KB) (Time 1:25)(File
        Size:588KB) </para>
      <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
      <para> Page 2 of 28 </para>
      <sect3 id="table-of-contents">
        <title>Table of Contents</title>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 1 Introduction to Chinese Language </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P4 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 2 Phonetics </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P5 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 3 Basic Grammar </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P9 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 4 Greetings </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P11 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 5 Introductions </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P12 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 6 Numbers/Prices </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P14 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 7 Food &amp; Drink </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P16 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 8 Some Chinese Dishes </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P18 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 9 Useful Phrases </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P19 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 10 Sick and Emergency </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P20 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 11 Direction and Places </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P21 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 12 Clothes and Colors </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P22 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 13 Time </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P23 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 14 Family </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P25 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lesson 15 Home Items </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P26 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Appendix: Measure words in Chinese (no audio) </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> P27 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 3 of 28 </para>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-1-introduction-to-chinese-language">
        <title>Lesson 1 Introduction to Chinese Language</title>
        <para> Mandarin is the official language of the People’s Republic of China. It is the
          dialect spoken in the capital Beijing. It is taught in all schools and is used for
          television and broadcast. Almost the entire population understands Mandarin. The language
          taught in Pre-Service Training (PST) is Mandarin. </para>
        <para> Chinese is a language with a large number of words with the same pronunciation but a
          different meaning; what distinguishes these ‘homophones，is their ‘tonal，quality - the
          raising and lowering of pitch on certain syllables. Mandarin has four tones - high,
          rising, falling-rising and falling, plus a fifth ‘neutral，tone. To illustrate, look at the
          word ma which has four different meanings according to tone: </para>
        <para> High    ma    ‘mother， </para>
        <para> Rising    ma    ‘hemp，or ‘numb， </para>
        <para> Falling-rising    ma    ‘horse， </para>
        <para> Falling    ma    ‘to scold，or ‘swear， </para>
        <sect4 id="writing-system">
          <title>Writing System</title>
          <para> Chinese is not a phonetic language and the characters do not bear any resemblance
            to actual pronunciation. Chinese is often referred to as a language of pictographs. </para>
          <para> There are about 56,000 characters, but the vast majority of these are archaic. It
            is commonly felt that a well-educated, contemporary Chinese might know and use between
            6000 and 8000 characters. To read a Chinese newspaper you will need to know 2000 to
            3000, but 1200 to 1500 would be enough to get the gist. </para>
          <para> Each Chinese character represents a spoken syllable, so many people declare that
            Chinese is a ‘monosyllabic language.，Actually, it，s more a case of having a monosyllabic
            writing system. While the building block of the Chinese language is indeed the
            monosyllabic Chinese character, Chinese words are usually a combination of two or more
            characters. </para>
          <para> You could think of Chinese words as being compounds. </para>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="phonetic-system-一-pinyin">
          <title>Phonetic system 一 Pinyin</title>
          <para> In 1958 China adopted a system of writing their language using the Roman alphabet.
            It's known as Pinyin. It is used in this course. </para>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="grammar">
          <title>Grammar</title>
          <para> Chinese grammar is much simpler than that of European languages. There are no
            articles (a/the), no tenses and no plurals. The basic point to bear in mind is that,
            like English, Chinese word order is subject-verb-object. In other words, a basic English
            sentence like ‘I (subject) love (verb) you (object)，is constructed in exactly the same
            way in Chinese.. </para>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 4 of 28 </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> High </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ma </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ‘mother， </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Rising </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ma </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ‘hemp， or ‘numb， </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Falling-rising </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ma </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ‘horse， </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Falling </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ma </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ‘to scold， or ‘swear， </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </sect4>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-2-phonetics">
        <title>Lesson 2: Phonetics</title>
        <para> There are 6 basic vowels and 21 consonants in Mandarin Chinese. A syllable always
          consists of a vowel (V) or a consonant with a vowel (CV), such as ba, fo, ne. Consonant
          clusters, two or more consonants used in succession, are not permitted in Chinese. </para>
        <para> Syllabic combinations common in English such as VC (up, at), CVC (big, pat, map),
          CCVC (bred, dread, stone), CVCC (mask, best, sand), CcV (fly, blue, grow) CCCV (screw,
          spray, stray), VCC (old, and, ink), VCCC (Olds, ants, amps), CCVCC (brand, trains,
          swings), CVCCC (tests, tenths, lunged), CVCCCC (thirsts, texts, worlds), CCVCCC (slurps,
          prints, flirts), CCCVC (street, squat, strut), CCCVCC (struts, squats, sprained), and
          CCCVCCC (scrimps, sprints, squelched) are not possible in Chinese. CVC, on the other hand,
          is possible in Chinese, but the final C can only be the nasal sounds -n and -ng and the
          retroflex -r, such as jing, nan, yong and er. Consonants are often called initials because
          they invariably appear initially in a word with the exception of the final -n, -ng or r,
          which can appear finally. Vowels are also called finals because they appear medially or
          finally in a word. Vowels can stand by themselves when no initial consonant is present. </para>
        <para> Let’s learn the finals (vowels) first: </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="4">
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> MANDARIN </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> SIMILAR ENGLISH SOUND </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> EXAMPLE (PINYIN &amp; CHARACTER) </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> NOTE </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> a </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Father </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ba爸 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> e </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> fur </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ce测 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> i </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> see </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> dr地 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> o </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> or </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> po婆 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> u </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> flute </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> bu不 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> u </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> German ‘fur， </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Lu绿 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Written as ‘u， when appearing after ‘j q x， </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ai </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> fly </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> nai奶 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ao </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> now </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ha。好 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ei </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> day </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> mei美 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ia </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yard </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> xia下 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ie </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yes </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> xie谢 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> iu </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yolk </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> liu六 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ou </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> low </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> lou楼 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ua </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wah </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> hua花 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ue </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> you ate </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yue月 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ‘ue， stands for a syllable by itself, so it is written as ‘yue，, with the 2
                    dots dropped </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ui </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> way </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> hu!会 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> uo </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> war </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> zuo做 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> iao </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> miaow </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yao要 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 5 of 28 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> uai </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> why </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> kuai 快 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> an </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> upon </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> man慢 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> en </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> broken </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wen问 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ang </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> town </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> fang 房 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> eng </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ehng </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> peng石並 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> er </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> her </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> 、 -- </para>
                  <para> er—— </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ian </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yen </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> dian 点 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> iang </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yahng </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> liang xie 凉 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> in </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> inn </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> xin心 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ing </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> eeng </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ting 听 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> iong </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yohng </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yong 用 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ong </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> song </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> dong 冬 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> uan </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wand </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> guan 关 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> un </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> when </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> hun昏 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> uang </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wong </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> huing 黄 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> uan </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> you an </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> quin 全 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> un </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yuen </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jun年 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Now the initials (consonants): </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="4">
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> MANDARIN </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> SIMILAR ENGLISH SOUND </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> EXAMPLE (PINYIN &amp; CHARACTER) </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> NOTE </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Bb </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> boy </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ba爸 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Pp </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> paper </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> po婆 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Mm </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> mother </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ma妈 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Ff </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> food </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> fa发 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Dd </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> door </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> da大 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Tt </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> tall </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ta他 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Nn </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> name </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ni你 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Ll </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> life </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> le乐 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Gg </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> girl </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ge个 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Kk </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> kid </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ke客 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Hh </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> high </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> he和 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Jj </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jeans </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jie姐 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> the lips do not protrude </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Qq </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> cheese </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> qian 钱 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xx </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shock </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> xiu休 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> the lips do not protrude </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Zz </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> kids </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> zuo坐 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Cc </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> cats </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ca擦 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Not a equivalent in English </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Ss </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> sir </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> san三 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Zhzh </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para>
                    <superscript>jo</superscript>y </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> zhao 找 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> pronounced without rounding and protruding the lips </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 6 of 28 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="4">
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Chch </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> child </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> chuang 床 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> See above </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Shsh </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shoe </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shuo 说 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> See above </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Rr </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> red </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ruan 软 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> See above </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Vv </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> visit </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Only to spell foreign words </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Ww </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> white </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wo夜 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Is actually ‘u，when ‘u，stands for a syllable by itself </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Yy </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> year </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> you有 </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Is actually ‘i，（see above) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Some sounds are especially difficult for English speakers to remember, and have
          similar pronunciations. The sound q<subscript>9</subscript> for example, sounds a little
          like ch. Similar pairs are xand h and j and zh. </para>
        <sect4 id="please-listen-and-repeat-the-following-words">
          <title>Please listen and repeat the following words:</title>
          <para> zi ci si zhi chi shi ri ji qi xi </para>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="tones">
          <title>Tones</title>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> High </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> high, flat, continuous tone </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Rising ' </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> rising tone similar to the intonation used in the question What?， </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Falling-rising &quot; </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> tone that falls then rises. You'll hear many Mandarin speakers
                      ‘swallow，the rising sound, only giving it a clear falling-rising pattern far
                      emphasis. </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Falling 、 </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> falling tone, similar to the one used when yelling ‘Damn!， </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> To help you get close, here's a brief try at tones, transcribed in English.
            Consider the syllable ‘mmm，（a non-syllable in Mandarin). Then, </para>
          <para> The high level tone is what you might say in English if you were asked a question,
            and you had to think about it before answering. It's high, and it's a constant tone:
            “Mmm, sixteen, I think.” </para>
          <para> ' The rising tone is like a question: “Mmm? I didn't catch that.” </para>
          <para> ▽ The low level tone is what you might say in English to express doubt, or
            disbelief: “Mmm...I don't know about that.” </para>
          <para> 、 The falling tone is like an interjection: “Mmm! Well, I'll be!” </para>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 7 of 28 </para>
          <para>
            <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China    11/28/2006 </para>
          <para> Listen and repeat: first tone </para>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="choose-the-syllables-you-heard">
          <title>Choose the syllables you heard：</title>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="5">
              <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="20*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> didian </para>
                    <para> ditan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> baobian </para>
                    <para> baopian </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> tonghong </para>
                    <para> gongtong </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> daodian </para>
                    <para> daotian </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> zaizuo </para>
                    <para> caicuo </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> xingqiu </para>
                    <para> jiyou </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> canting </para>
                    <para> kanxin </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> cesuo </para>
                    <para> jiecuo </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> jian </para>
                    <para> zhan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> xue yue shui jue </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ri ceng zi qing </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> rou </para>
                    <para> zou </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> xuan </para>
                    <para> juan </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> zhun </para>
                    <para> zhen </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> chen yue chun yun </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> jiang </para>
                    <para> zhang </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> cang </para>
                    <para> shang </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 8 of 28 </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="4">
              <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="25*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> first tone </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> second tone </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> third tone </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> fourthtone </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> a </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> a </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> a </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> a </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ma </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ma </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ma </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ma </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> tang </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> tang </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> tang </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> tang </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> qing </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> qing </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> qing </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> qing </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> yan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> yan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> yan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> yan </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> guo </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> guo </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> guo </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> guo </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </sect4>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-3-basic-grammar">
        <title>Lesson 3: Basic Grammar</title>
        <para> Mandarin grammar is relatively straightforward. There are no verb conjugations, no
          plurals, no articles (a/the), and no gender or tenses. At an elementary level, sentence
          order is similar to English: subject-verb-object. For example, the sentence ‘I study
          Chinese，follows exactly the same word order in Mandarin: </para>
        <para> I study Chinese. Wo xue hlnyu。（lit: I study Chinese) </para>
        <sect4 id="lets-learn-a-few-words-first">
          <title>Let，s learn a few words first:</title>
          <para> this </para>
          <para> zhe </para>
          <para> that </para>
          <para> na </para>
          <para> to be </para>
          <para> shi </para>
          <para> tea </para>
          <para> cha </para>
          <para> rice/meal </para>
          <para> fan </para>
          <para> cup </para>
          <para> beizi </para>
          <para> egg </para>
          <para> jidan </para>
          <para> question particle ma </para>
          <para> no </para>
          <para> bu </para>
          <para> what </para>
          <para> shenme </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> This is tea. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Zhe shi cha。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> That is rice. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Na shi fan。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> This is a cup. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Zhe shi beizi。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> That is an egg. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Na shi jidan。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Note: ‘Shi，is ‘to be，. It is generally followed by a noun which defines the
            subject/topic. It is not normally followed by an adjective on its own. </para>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="how-to-form-a-question">
          <title>How to form a question?</title>
          <para> A very simple way to form a question in Chinese is by putting a question particle
            ‘ma，at the end of a sentence that would otherwise be a plain statement. English
            counterparts of these questions are usually formed by syntactically more complicated
            “transformational” processes such as movement of the verb to the beginning of the
            sentence. </para>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 9 of 28 </para>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="then-you-can-talk-about-objects">
          <title>Then you can talk about objects:</title>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Is this tea? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Zhe shi cha ma? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Yes./ No. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Shi / Bu shi。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Is that rice? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Na shi fan ma? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Yes. /No. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Shi / Bu shi。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Is this a cup? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Zhe shi beizi ma? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Yes./No. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Shi / Bu shi。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Is that an egg? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Na shi jidan ma? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Yes. /No. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Shi / Bu shi。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Note: The word ‘bu，is the negative word. It precedes the verb to indicate that
            something does not happen. Here its tone changes from the fourth to the second because
            it is followed by a fourth tone. You will learn the rule in the future. </para>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="so-how-do-you-ask-what-something-is">
          <title>So how do you ask what something is?</title>
          <para> ‘什么 Shenme， is the interrogative word ‘what，. The most important feature about
            Chinese interrogative pronouns is that, unlike English practice which shifts all
            interrogative pronouns to the beginning of the question, Chinese keeps them in the
            position in the sentence where the answers would be expected. </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="2">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> What is this? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Zhe shi shenme? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> This is tea. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Zhe shi cha。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> What is that? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Na shi shenme? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> That is a cup. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Na shi b3izi。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 10 of 28 </para>
          <para>
            <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
        </sect4>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-4-greetings">
        <title>Lesson 4: Greetings</title>
        <para> Vocabulary </para>
        <para> you (singular) I, me </para>
        <para> good, all right </para>
        <para> goodbye </para>
        <para> morning </para>
        <para> morning </para>
        <para> afternoon </para>
        <para> evening </para>
        <sect4 id="dialogue-1">
          <title>Dialogue 1</title>
          <para> Greetings in all circumstances </para>
          <para> </para>
          <para> A: How are you? </para>
          <para> A: </para>
          <para> Ni hao。 </para>
          <para> B: How are you? </para>
          <para> B: </para>
          <para> Ni ha。。 </para>
          <para> A: Goodbye. </para>
          <para> A: </para>
          <para> ZaijUn。 </para>
          <para> B: Goodbye. </para>
          <para> B: </para>
          <para> Zlijian。 </para>
          <para> Note: Nihǎo. This is a common, slightly formal, greeting. Literally it would
            translate as “You are good,” or if conceived of as a question, “Are you fine?” However,
            it is not really a question. The response is usually simply Ni hǎo again. Other common
            greetings used among friends or acquaintances are: </para>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="dialogue-2">
          <title>Dialogue 2:</title>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Greet people in the morning </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Good morning. Good morning. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: Zao。（ or Zaoshang ha。。） B: Za。。（ or Zaoshang ha。。） </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Note: You can change the morning ^zaoshiing<superscript>9</superscript>to afternoon
            ‘xaw，or evening </para>
          <para> ，respectively, and add good ‘hěo<superscript>9</superscript>to greet people in
            different times of a day. </para>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 11 of 28 </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> you (singular) </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ni </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> I, me </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> wo </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> good, all right </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> hao </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> goodbye </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> zaijian </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> morning </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> za。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> morning </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> zaoshang </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> afternoon </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> xiawu </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> evening </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> wanshang </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Peace Corps / China </para>
        </sect4>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-5-introductions">
        <title>Lesson 5: Introductions</title>
        <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Vocabulary </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> May I ask...? </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Qingwen… </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> you (singular) </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ni </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> what </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shenme </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> name </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> mingzi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I, me </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wo </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> call, to be called, to be named </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jiao </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> (V) to be surnamed; (N) surname </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> xing </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> a male’s name </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> zhang wei </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <sect4 id="dialogue-1-1">
          <title>Dialogue 1</title>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Ask for the whole name </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: May I ask your name? B: I’m called Zhang Wei. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: Qingwen, ni jia。shenme mingzi? B: Wo jia。Zhang W5i。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="dialogue-2-1">
          <title>Dialogue 2:</title>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Ask for the family name and the given name </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: May I ask your surname? </para>
                    <para> B: My family name is Wang. </para>
                    <para> I’m called Wang Jiande. </para>
                    <para> And you? </para>
                    <para> What is your name? </para>
                    <para> A: My family name is Zhang. I am called Zhang Wei. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: Qingwen, ni xing shenme? </para>
                    <para> B: Wo xing Wang, </para>
                    <para> jia。Wang JiandS。 </para>
                    <para> Nr ne? </para>
                    <para> Ni jiao shenme mingzi? </para>
                    <para> A: Wo xing Zhang, jia。Zhang Wei。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Note: In a Chinese name, the surname or family name always comes first, followed by
            the given name. Most surnames consist of a single character, though some have two. </para>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 12 of 28 </para>
          <para> Given names may be either one or two characters. Depending on social circumstances,
            individuals identify themselves either </para>
          <para> (1) by surname only: Wo xing Zhāng </para>
          <para> or </para>
          <para> (2) by full name: Wo jiao Zhāng Wei, or Wo shi'Zhāng W&lt;^i. </para>
        </sect4>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="the-personal-pronouns">
        <title>The personal pronouns:</title>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I/me </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wo </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> You </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ni </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> He/him </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ta </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> She/her </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ta </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> It </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ta </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> We/us </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> women </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> You (pl.) </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> nimen </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> They/them </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> tamen </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Note: Chinese personal pronouns are very simple. There is no distinction for case.
          'Wo' is 'wo<superscript>5</superscript> regardless of whether it is the subject of the
          sentence or the object of the verb, and the same is true for the second and third person
          pronouns. Nor is there a distinction for gender. ‘Ta’ is ‘ta’, whether it refers to a
          woman or a man. </para>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 13 of 28 </para>
        <para>
          <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Numbers 1-10: </para>
        <para> one    yi </para>
        <para> two    er </para>
        <sect4 id="numbers-10---lbillion">
          <title>Numbers 10 - lbillion:</title>
          <para> The Chinese number system is quite simple and generally easy to learn. Multiples of
            10 are made by stating the multiple and then 10 - so 20 is literally ‘two ten，. If you
            learn the numbers from one to 10, you can count to 100 without having to learn any new
            vocabulary. </para>
          <para> The Chinese counting system is based on units of 10. These multiply as follows: </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 10 </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> shi </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 十 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 100 </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> bai </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 百 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 1000 </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> qian </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 千 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 10,000 </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> win </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 万 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 100,000 </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> shiwan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 十万 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 1 million </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> baiwan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 百万 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 10 million </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> qianwan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 千万 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 100 million </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> wanwan; yi </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 亿 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 1 billion </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> shi yi </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 十亿 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="ordinal-numbers">
          <title>Ordinal numbers:</title>
          <para> Simply prefix any number with di, and it becomes an ordinal: </para>
          <para> 1st    di yi </para>
          <para> 2nd    di’ er </para>
          <para> 3rd    di san </para>
          <para> 10th    di shi </para>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 14 of 28 </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="33*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> one </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> yi </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> two </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> er </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 二 (When counting, two is er 二，when used with </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> measure words, it is liang 两） </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> three </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> san </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ~三 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> four </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> si </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 四 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> five </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> wu </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 五 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> six </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> liu </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 六 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> seven </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> qi </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 七 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> eight </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ba </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 八 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nine </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> jiu </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 九 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ten </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> shi </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 十 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 1st </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> dr yi </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 2nd </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> di<superscript>5</superscript> er </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 3rd </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> di san </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> 10th </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> di shi </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="dialogue-1-2">
          <title>Dialogue 1</title>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Asking for the price </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Excuse me, how much is this? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: Qing wen, zhege duoshao qian? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Ten yuan. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> B: Shi-kuai qiin。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> I want this one. Thanks. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: Wo yao zh^ge。 H&amp;xi士。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="dialogue-2-2">
          <title>Dialogue 2</title>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Asking for items in the grocery </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> What do you want to buy? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: Ni yao mai shenme? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> I want to buy mineral water. How much is it (per bottle)? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> B: Wo yao mai kuangquanshui。Duōsha。 qian yi-ping? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Two-sixty. How many bottles do you want? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> A: Liang-kuai-liu。Yio j i-ping? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Four. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> B: Si-ping。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
        </sect4>
        <sect4 id="vocabulary">
          <title>Vocabulary</title>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 15 of 28 </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> this </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> zhege </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> that </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nage </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> which </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nage </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> how much? how many? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> duoshao </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> money </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> qi&gt;an </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> &quot;dollar&quot; or Chinese yuan </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> kuai yuan is slightly more formal </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> want </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> yao </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> thanks, thank you </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> xiexie </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> buy </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> mai </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> mineral water </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> kuangquanshui </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> (Measure word) bottle </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ping </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> how many? (up to ten or so) </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> ji- another meaning is ‘several’ </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Phrases &amp; Sentences: </para>
          <para> I’d like to have noodles. </para>
          <para> I don’t want noodles. </para>
          <para> Do you have …or not? </para>
          <para> Don't make it too hot. </para>
          <para> Peace Corps / China </para>
        </sect4>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-7-food-and-vocabulary">
        <title>Lesson 7 Food and Vocabulary</title>
        <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
        <para> Drinks </para>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 16 of 28 </para>
        <para> 1. </para>
        <para> rice </para>
        <para> mifan </para>
        <para> 2. </para>
        <para> noodle </para>
        <para> miantiao </para>
        <para> 3. </para>
        <para> dumpling </para>
        <para> jiaozi </para>
        <para> 4. </para>
        <para> bread </para>
        <para> mianbao </para>
        <para> 5. </para>
        <para> vegetable </para>
        <para> shucai </para>
        <para> 6. </para>
        <para> pork </para>
        <para> zhurou </para>
        <para> 7. </para>
        <para> beef </para>
        <para> niurou </para>
        <para> 8. </para>
        <para> fish </para>
        <para> y<superscript>u</superscript>
        </para>
        <para> 9. </para>
        <para> water </para>
        <para> shui </para>
        <para> 10. </para>
        <para> mineral water </para>
        <para> kuangquanshui </para>
        <para> 11. </para>
        <para> coffee </para>
        <para> kafei </para>
        <para> 12. </para>
        <para> tea </para>
        <para> ch&gt;a </para>
        <para> 13. </para>
        <para> milk </para>
        <para> niunai. </para>
        <para> 14. </para>
        <para> juice </para>
        <para> guo zhi. </para>
        <para> 15. beer </para>
        <para> pijiu v </para>
        <para> 16. yogurt </para>
        <para> suannai </para>
        <para> 17. bowl </para>
        <para> wan </para>
        <para> 18. </para>
        <para> plate </para>
        <para> pinzi </para>
        <para> 19. </para>
        <para> cup </para>
        <para> beizi </para>
        <para> 20. </para>
        <para> bottle </para>
        <para> pingzi </para>
        <para> 21. </para>
        <para> sugar </para>
        <para> t&gt;ang </para>
        <para> 22. </para>
        <para> salt </para>
        <para> yan </para>
        <para> 23. </para>
        <para> chili </para>
        <para> lajiao </para>
        <para> 24. </para>
        <para> oil </para>
        <para> you </para>
        <para> 25. </para>
        <para> MSG </para>
        <para> weijing </para>
        <para> 26. </para>
        <para> hot </para>
        <para> rede; tangde </para>
        <para> 27. </para>
        <para> iced </para>
        <para> bingdongde </para>
        <para> 28. </para>
        <para> and </para>
        <para> he </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I’d like to have noodles. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo yao miantiao。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I don’t want noodles. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo buyao miantiao。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Do you have …or not? </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> You meiyou …？ </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Don’t make it too hot. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Buyao tai la。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I like dumplings. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo xihuan jiaozi。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I don’t like rice. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo buxihuan mfn。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Can I have the bill, please? </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Maidan/Suanzhang。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 17 of 28 </para>
        <para> Please try to use the vocabulary above to substitute these sentences. </para>
        <para>
          <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-8-some-chinese-dishes">
        <title>Lesson 8 Some Chinese Dishes</title>
        <para> Please say “I like •••，，and “I don’t like …” in Chinese by using above vocabulary. </para>
        <para> Please visit a Chinese restaurant in your hometown to try out some dishes and try
          your </para>
        <para> Chinese Language! </para>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 18 of 28 </para>
        <para> Cold Dishes (Appetizers): </para>
        <para> </para>
        <para> 1. </para>
        <para> liangban jiangdou </para>
        <para> Boiled cowpeas with chili sauce </para>
        <para> 2. </para>
        <para> plocai </para>
        <para> pickles </para>
        <para> Hot Dishes (Main Course): </para>
        <para> </para>
        <para> 1. </para>
        <para> yuxiang rousi </para>
        <para> Stir fried shredded pork with “YuXiang” sauce </para>
        <para> 2. </para>
        <para> huiguo rou </para>
        <para> Twice cooked pork </para>
        <para> 3. </para>
        <para> yuxiang qiezi </para>
        <para> Stir fried eggplant with “YuXiang” sauce </para>
        <para> 4. </para>
        <para> gongbao jiding </para>
        <para> Spicy chicken with peanuts </para>
        <para> 5. </para>
        <para> fanqie cMo jidan </para>
        <para> Scrambled eggs with tomato </para>
        <para> 6. </para>
        <para> tangcu paigu </para>
        <para> Sweet and sour spare ribs </para>
        <para> Vegetable: </para>
        <para> </para>
        <para> 1. </para>
        <para> hupi qingjHo </para>
        <para> Fried/Tiger-skin green pepper </para>
        <para> 2. </para>
        <para> tudou si </para>
        <para> Stir fried shredded potatoes </para>
        <para> 3. </para>
        <para> tangcu lianbai </para>
        <para> Stir fried cabbage with sweet and sour sauce </para>
        <para> 4. </para>
        <para> ganbian sijidou </para>
        <para> Fried kidney beans </para>
        <para> Noodles: </para>
        <para> </para>
        <para> 1. </para>
        <para> fanqie jidan miln </para>
        <para> Noodles with egg &amp; tomato </para>
        <para> 2. </para>
        <para> zńjiang mian </para>
        <para> Noodles with meat sauce </para>
        <para> 3. </para>
        <para> niurou mian </para>
        <para> Noodles with beef </para>
        <para> 4. </para>
        <para> hongyou shuijiao </para>
        <para> Boiled dumplings with chili sauce </para>
        <para> 5. </para>
        <para> qingtang shuijiao </para>
        <para> Boiled dumplings </para>
        <para> 6. </para>
        <para> chaoshou </para>
        <para> Boiled soft dumplings with soup </para>
        <para> Rice &amp; Grains </para>
        <para> </para>
        <para> 1. </para>
        <para> mifan </para>
        <para> Rice </para>
        <para> 2. </para>
        <para> dan chaofan </para>
        <para> Fried rice with egg </para>
        <para> 3. </para>
        <para> babao zhou </para>
        <para> 8-treasures Porridge </para>
        <para> Fruits: </para>
        <para> </para>
        <para> </para>
        <para> 1. </para>
        <para> pingguo </para>
        <para> apples </para>
        <para> 2. </para>
        <para> xiangjHo </para>
        <para> bananas </para>
        <para> 3. </para>
        <para> juzi _ </para>
        <para> tangerines </para>
        <para> 4. </para>
        <para> xigua </para>
        <para> watermelon </para>
        <para> 5. </para>
        <para> t&gt;aozi </para>
        <para> peaches </para>
        <para> 6. </para>
        <para> lizi </para>
        <para> pears </para>
        <para> 7. </para>
        <para> caomei </para>
        <para> strawberries </para>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-9-useful-phrases">
        <title>Lesson 9 Useful Phrases</title>
        <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 1. Thank you. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> xiexie。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 2. You’re welcome </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Buxie。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 3. I am sorry. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Duibuqi。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 4. That’s all right </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Meiguanxi。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 5. May I ask…？ </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Qingwen… </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 6. Do you speak English? </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Ni huishuo yingyu ma? </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 7. I am an American. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo shi meiguo r6n。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 8. I am a Peace Corps volunteer </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> . Wo shi Heping duiyuan。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 9. I don’t speak Chinese. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo buhui hanyu。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 10. Do you understand? </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Ni neng tingdong ma? </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 11. I don’t understand. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo ting budong。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 12. Please say it again. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Qing zai shuo yibian。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> 13. Please speak slowly. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Qing shuo man yidian。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 19 of 28 </para>
        <para>
          <superscript>r</superscript> Peace Corps / China </para>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-10-sickness-and-emergency">
        <title>Lesson 10 Sickness and Emergency</title>
        <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
        <para> Emergency </para>
        <para> </para>
        <para> Help! </para>
        <para> Jiu ming! </para>
        <para> Police! </para>
        <para> Jingcha! </para>
        <para> May I use your telephone? </para>
        <para> Wo keyi yong nide dilnhua ma? </para>
        <para> I need to call the police 110. </para>
        <para> Wo yao da yao-yao-ling。 </para>
        <para> (yao is an alternate pronunciation for the number one, used because yiis easily
          confused with qi especially on the telephone) </para>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 20 of 28 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Sick </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I am sick. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo shengbing le。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I have a cold. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo ganmao le。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I am allergic to this. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo dui zhege guomin。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I am tired. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo lei le。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I want to go to bed. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo xiang shuijiao le。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Where is the bathroom? </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xishoujian zai na? </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> I need to go to the hospital. </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wo yao dao yiyuan。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> May I ask where the hospital is? </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Qingwen, yiyuan zai na? </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-11-direction-and-places">
        <title>Lesson 11 Direction and Places</title>
        <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 21 of 28 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Direction </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Where is the...? </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> …zai nar? </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> On the left </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Zai zuo bian。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> On the right </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Zai you biln。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Straight-ahead </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Qian bian。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Near by </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Fu jin。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Not far from here </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Li zher bu yuan。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Above </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Shang bian。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Behind </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Hou biln。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Places </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> shop </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shangdian </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> street </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jie(dao) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> restaurant </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> fanguan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> school </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> xuexiao </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> classroom </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jiaoshi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> office </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> bangongshi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> bus station </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> chezhan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> railway station </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> huochezhan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-12-clothes-and-colors">
        <title>Lesson 12 Clothes and Colors</title>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 22 of 28 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Clothes </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Yifu </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> pants </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> kuzi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> blouse </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> waitao </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> shirt </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> chenshan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> skirt </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> qunzi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> jacket </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jiake </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> shoes </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> xie </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> sandals </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> liangxie </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> slippers </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> tuoxie </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Colors </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ^anse </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> white </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> bai (se) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> black </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> hei (se) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> red </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> hong (se) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> yellow </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> huang (se) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> blue </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> lan (se) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> green </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> lu (se) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> gray </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> hui (se) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> brown </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> zong/he (se) </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-13-time">
        <title>Lesson 13 Time</title>
        <para> Xingqi&quot; </para>
        <para> Xingqi yi Xingqi er Xingqi san Xingqi si Xingqi wu Xingqi liu Xingqi tian Zhoumo </para>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 23 of 28 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Vocabulary： </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Days of the week </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xing^i </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Monday </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xingqi yi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Tuesday </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xingqi er </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Wednesday </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xingqi san </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Thursday </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xingqi si </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Friday </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xingqi wu </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Saturday </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xingqi liu </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Sunday </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Xingqi tian </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Weekend </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Zhoumo </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> Months </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> Yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> January </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yi yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> February </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> er yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> March </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> san yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> April </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> si yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> May </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wu yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> June </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> liu yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> July </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> qi yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> August </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ba yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> September </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jiu yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> October </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shi yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> November </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shi yi yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> December </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shi er yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> year </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> nian </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> month </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yue </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> day </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ri/ha。 </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> hour </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> dian </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> minute </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> fen </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> yesterday </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> zuotian </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> today </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jintian </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> tomorrow </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> mingtiai </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <sect4 id="phrases-sentences">
          <title>Phrases &amp; Sentences:</title>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 24 of 28 </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> What time is it? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Ji dian le? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> It is 9:10. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Jiu dian shi fen。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> What day is it? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Jintian xingqi ji? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Today is Monday. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Jintian xingqi yi。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> What is the date of today? </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Jintian jihao? </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Today is May 1st. </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> Jintian wuyue yīhao。 </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Lesson 14 Family </para>
          <para> 11/28/2006 </para>
          <informaltable>
            <tgroup cols="0">
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
              <tbody>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> mother </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> mama </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> father </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> baba </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> older sister </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> jiejie </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> younger sister </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> meimei </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> older brother </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> gege </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> younger brother </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> dldi </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> daughter </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> V4 <subscript>7</subscript>
                    </para>
                    <para> nu er </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> son </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> erzi </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> grandmother </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nainai </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> grandfather </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> yeye </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> niece </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> zhinu </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nephew </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> zhizi </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> man </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nanren </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> woman </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nuren </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> boy </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nanhai’: </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
                <row>
                  <entry>
                    <para> girl </para>
                  </entry>
                  <entry>
                    <para> nuhai’r </para>
                  </entry>
                </row>
              </tbody>
            </tgroup>
          </informaltable>
          <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
          <para> Page 25 of 28 </para>
        </sect4>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="lesson-15-home-items">
        <title>Lesson 15 Home Items</title>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 26 of 28 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> glass / cup </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> beizi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> chopsticks </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> kuaizi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> bowl </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> plate </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> panzi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> spoon </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> tangshi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> fork </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> chazi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> knife </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> dao </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> table </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> zhuozi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> chair </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yizi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> door </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> men </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> window </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> chuang </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> home </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jia </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> hotel </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> binguan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> room </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> fan^ian </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> bathroom </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> weisheng jian/cesuo </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> toilet </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> matong </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> toilet paper </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> weisheng zhi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> soap </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ieizao </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> towel </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> maojin </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> bed </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> chuang </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> bed sheet </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> chuangdan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> blanket </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> tanzi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> pillow </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> zhentou </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Appendix </para>
      </sect3>
      <sect3 id="measure-words-in-chinese">
        <title>Measure words in Chinese:</title>
        <para> (No Audio) </para>
        <para> In Chinese, as in other languages, nouns may be differentiated into a number of
          categories. The largest category is the common nouns, which covers tangible, discrete
          entities, e.g.大人 da^en adult,树 shu tree, etc. The other noun categories are a) proper
          nouns, e.g. 中国 zh3nggu。China,张伟 ZhĒng WSi (name of a person); b) material nouns (for
          non-discrete entities), e.g.茶 cha tea; c) and abstract noun (for non-tangible entities),
          e.g.文化 wenhua culture,经济 jingl economy. The Chinese common nouns, unlike English ones,
          make no distinction in form between singular and plural: </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> cup/cups </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> beizi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> a/one cup </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yi ge beizi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> two cups </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> liang ge beizi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> egg/eggs </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jidan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> an/one egg </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yi ge jidan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> two eggs </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> liang ge jidan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Another important feature of the common noun in Chinese is that when it is used with
          a numeral, the numeral has to have a measure word between it and the noun. ge is by far
          the most common measure word and it can occur with a wide range of nouns. </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> one person </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> yi ge ren </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> two eggs </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> liang ge jidan </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> three cups </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> san ge beizi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> four elder brothers </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> si ge gege </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> five plates </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> wu ge panzi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> six teachers </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> liu ge laoshi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> seven water melons </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> qi ge xigua </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 21 of 28 </para>
        <informaltable>
          <tgroup cols="0">
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <colspec colwidth="50*" align="left"/>
            <tbody>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> eight balls </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> ba ge piqiu </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> nine kids </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> jiu ge haizi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
              <row>
                <entry>
                  <para> ten cities </para>
                </entry>
                <entry>
                  <para> shi ge chengshi </para>
                </entry>
              </row>
            </tbody>
          </tgroup>
        </informaltable>
        <para> A considerable number of nouns words. We will learn more about </para>
        <para> or sets of nouns are linked with particular measure measure words in the future. </para>
        <para> Chinese Basic Lessons for Invitees, Peace Corps / China </para>
        <para> Page 28 of 28 </para>
      </sect3>
    </sect2>
  </sect1>
</article>