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- <article lang="">
- <para>Rudgers Chinese</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Chinese Mandarin first level</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Part 1</para>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76399_1993127563"/>Lesson 1, 2 et 3</title>2 et 3<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76401_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76403_1993127563"/>English</title><para/><para>Are you OK?</para><para/><para>A: Hello!</para><para>B: Hi!</para><para>A: Are you busy?</para><para>B: I'm not busy, and you?</para><para>A: I'm not busy, either. Is your older brother busy?</para><para>B: He is very busy. My younger brother is also very busy. My older brother and my younger brother are both very busy.</para><para>A: They are very busy. Are they OK?</para><para>B: They are both fine. Is your older brother also fine?</para><para>A: He is very well, thank you.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76405_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para/><para>你好吗？</para><para/><para>甲 ：你好！ </para><para>乙 ：你好！ </para><para>甲 ：你忙吗？</para><para>乙 ：我不忙, 你呢？</para><para>甲 ：我也不忙。你哥哥忙吗？</para><para>乙 ：他很忙。我弟弟也很忙。我哥哥, 我弟弟都很忙。</para><para>甲 ：他们都忙。他们好吗？</para><para>乙 ：他们都好。你哥哥也好吗？</para><para>甲 ：他很好, 谢谢。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76407_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para/><para>你好嗎？</para><para/><para>甲 ﹕你好！ </para><para>乙 ﹕你好！ </para><para>甲 ﹕你忙嗎？</para><para>乙 ﹕我不忙, 你呢？</para><para>甲 ﹕我也不忙。你哥哥忙嗎？</para><para>乙 ﹕他很忙。我弟弟也很忙。我哥哥, 我弟弟都很忙。</para><para>甲 ﹕他們都忙。他們好嗎？</para><para>乙 ﹕他們都好。你哥哥也好嗎？</para><para>甲 ﹕他很好, 謝謝。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76409_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para/><para>Nĭ Hăo ma？</para><para/><para>Jiă: Nĭ hăo!</para><para>Yĭ : Nĭ hăo!</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ máng ma?</para><para>Yĭ : Wŏ bù máng, nĭ ne?</para><para>Jiă: Wŏ yĕ bù máng. Nĭ gēge máng ma?</para><para>Yĭ : Tā hĕn máng. Wŏ dì di yĕ hĕn máng. Wŏ gēge, wŏ dì di dōu hĕn máng.</para><para>Jiă: Tā men dōu máng. Tā men hăo ma?</para><para>Yĭ : Tā men dōu hăo. Nĭ gēge yĕ hăo ma?</para><para>Jiă: Tā hĕn hăo. Xiè xie.</para><para/><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76411_1993127563"/>Text</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76413_1993127563"/>English</title><para/><para>We are both fine</para><para/><para>1. I'm fine. My older brother is also fine. We are both fine.</para><para>2. Are you busy？I'm not busy. How about you?</para><para>3. I'm not busy, either. My older brother, my younger brother are very busy. How about your older brother？Is your older brother OK?</para><para>4. My older brother is OK. He is not busy. Are your older brother, and younger brother busy?</para><para>5. Not all of them are very busy. My older brothers are very busy. My younger brother is not busy.</para><para>6. My older brother, my younger brother, and I, none of us are busy.</para><para>7. Very good. Not busy is very good. Busy is not good.</para><para>8. Good older brothers are not busy. Busy older brothers are not good.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76415_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>i<para/><para>我们都很好</para><para/><para>1. 我好。我哥哥也好。我们都很好。 </para><para>2. 你忙吗？我不忙, 你呢？</para><para>3. 我也不忙。我哥哥, 我弟弟很忙。你哥哥呢？你哥哥好吗？</para><para>4. 我哥哥好。他不忙。你哥哥, 你弟弟忙吗？</para><para>5. 他们不都很忙。我哥哥很忙。我弟弟不忙。 </para><para>6. 我哥哥, 我弟弟, 我, 我们都不忙。</para><para>7. 很好。不忙很好。 忙不好。 </para><para>8. 好哥哥不忙。忙哥哥不好。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76417_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para/><para>我們都很好</para><para/><para>1. 我好。我哥哥也好。我們都很好。 </para><para>2. 你忙嗎？我不忙, 你呢？</para><para>3. 我也不忙。我哥哥, 我弟弟很忙。你哥哥呢？你哥哥好嗎？</para><para>4. 我哥哥好。他不忙。你哥哥, 你弟弟忙嗎？</para><para>5. 他們不都很忙。我哥哥很忙。我弟弟不忙。 </para><para>6. 我哥哥, 我弟弟, 我, 我們都不忙。</para><para>7. 很好。不忙很好。 忙不好。 </para><para>8. 好哥哥不忙。忙哥哥不好。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76419_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para/><para>Wŏmen Dōu Hĕn Hăo</para><para/><para>1. Wŏ hăo. Wŏ gēge yĕ hăo. Wŏmen dōu hĕn hăo.</para><para>2. Nĭ máng ma？Wŏ bù máng, nĭ ne?</para><para>3. Wŏ yĕ bù máng. Wŏ gēge, wŏ dìdi hĕn máng. Nĭ gēge ne？Nĭ gēge hăo ma?</para><para>4. Wŏ gēge hăo. Tā bù máng. Nĭ gēge, nĭ dìdi máng ma?</para><para>5. Tāmen bù dōu hĕn máng. Wŏ gēge hĕn máng. Wŏ dìdi bù máng.</para><para>6. Wŏ gēge, wŏ dìdi, wŏ, wŏmen dōu bù máng.</para><para>7. Hĕn hăo. Bù máng hĕn hăo. Máng bù hăo.</para><para>8. Hăo gēge bù máng. Máng gēge bù hăo.</para><para> </para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76421_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>Vocabulary 词汇<informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>哥哥</para></entry><entry><para>gēge</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>older brother</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>弟弟</para></entry><entry><para>dìdi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>younger brother</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我</para></entry><entry><para>wǒ</para></entry><entry><para>pron.</para></entry><entry><para>I, me</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你</para></entry><entry><para>nǐ</para></entry><entry><para>pron.</para></entry><entry><para>you</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para>tā</para></entry><entry><para>pron.</para></entry><entry><para>he, him</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们(我們)</para></entry><entry><para>wǒmen</para></entry><entry><para>pron.</para></entry><entry><para>we, us</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你们(你們)</para></entry><entry><para>nǐmen</para></entry><entry><para>pron.</para></entry><entry><para>you</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他们(他們)</para></entry><entry><para>tāmen</para></entry><entry><para>pron.</para></entry><entry><para>they, them</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>吗</para></entry><entry><para>ma</para></entry><entry><para>interrogative particle</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>呢</para></entry><entry><para>ne</para></entry><entry><para>modal particle</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>不</para></entry><entry><para>bù</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>not, </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>很</para></entry><entry><para>hěn</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>very</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>也</para></entry><entry><para>yě</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>also</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>都</para></entry><entry><para>dōu</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>both, all</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>好</para></entry><entry><para>hǎo</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>good</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>忙</para></entry><entry><para>máng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>Busy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>谢谢(謝謝)</para></entry><entry><para>xièxie</para></entry><entry><para>set phrase</para></entry><entry><para>thanks, thank you</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76423_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76425_1993127563"/>1. Greetings:</title><para>你好! (Nĭ hăo!) is a popular greeting. In English, it means “Hello”, “Hi”, “How are you?” and “good day!” etc. It may be used in the morning, in the afternoon or in the evening. The answer to it is also 你好! (Nĭ hăo!)</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76427_1993127563"/>2. Adjectives as verbs:</title><para>When adjectives form the predicate, that is, when they say what the subject is or is not, they function as verbs. That’s why an adjective is also known as a STATIVE VERB in Chinese. There is no additional word for ‘to be’. For instance:</para><para> </para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>他忙。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā máng.</para></entry><entry><para>He is busy.</para></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c3"><para>Subject predicate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们好。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏmen hăo.</para></entry><entry><para>We are fine.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>Note that the Chinese verb, be it a stative or an action verb, has no morphological changes whatsoever resulting from person, gender, number, time, etc.. Thus:</para><para> </para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>我好。</para></entry><entry><para> Wŏ hăo.</para></entry><entry><para>I am fine.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你好。</para></entry><entry><para>Nĭ hăo.</para></entry><entry><para>You are fine.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他好。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā hăo.</para></entry><entry><para>He is good.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们忙。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏmen máng.</para></entry><entry><para>We are busy.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76429_1993127563"/>3. Negation:</title><para>When you negate a Chinese sentence, you simply place the adverb before the predicative verb. For example:</para><para> </para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="2,333333333333333"><tbody><row><entry><para>他不忙。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā bù máng.</para></entry><entry><para>He is not busy.</para></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c3"><para>Subject adv. predicative verb</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们不好。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏmen bù hăo.</para></entry><entry><para>We are not OK.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>Note that the tone of 不(bu), ‘not’ is fourth, except when the following word is in the fourth tone, when it change to the second tone.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76431_1993127563"/>4. Stative verbs and the adverbs: 很, 也, 都, 不:</title><para>Adverbs such as 很, 也, 都, 不 come immediately before the verb and can only be separated from it by another adverb.</para><para> 他很好。我们也都很好。</para><para> Tā hĕn hăo. Wŏmen yĕ dōu hĕn hăo.</para><para> He is good. We are all very good, too.</para><para>When there is an adjectival predicate in a simple affirmative sentence, the adverb 很is usually put before it. 很 in this case does not carry the meaning of degree “very”. </para><para>For example:</para><para> 他们很忙。 Tāmen hĕn máng. They are busy.</para><para> If 很 is absent, the sentence then implies an contrast:</para><para> 他们很忙, 我哥哥不忙。</para><para> Tāmen hĕn máng, wŏ gēge bù máng.</para><para> They are busy, but my older brother is not.</para><para>Also, adverbs cannot be used as a modifier of a noun, thus an English sentence such as: “All of us are busy.” is expressed in Chinese as :</para><para> </para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>他们都忙。</para></entry><entry><para>Tāmen dōu máng.</para></entry><entry><para>They are ALL busy.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para> </para><para>Some more examples:</para><para> </para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>哥哥, 弟弟都好。</para></entry><entry><para>Gēge, dìdi dōu hăo.</para></entry><entry><para>Both older and younger brothers are fine.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们都不忙。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏmen dōu bù máng.</para></entry><entry><para>None of us are busy.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>When two or more adverbs occur together, their order is governed by the rule that the modifier is applied directly before the expression to be modified. Thus a distinction should be noted about the position of the adverb 不 between BEFORE and AFTER other adverbs such as 都, 很. Before the adverbs 都 and 很, it is a partial negation; and after those adverbs, it is a total negation. Compare the following examples:</para><para> </para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>他们不都忙。</para></entry><entry><para>Tāmen bù dōu máng.</para></entry><entry><para>Not all of them are busy.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他们都不忙。</para></entry><entry><para>Tāmen dōu bù máng.</para></entry><entry><para>None of them are busy.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>哥哥不很好。</para></entry><entry><para>Gēge bù hĕn hăo.</para></entry><entry><para>The older brother is not very good.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>哥哥很不好。</para></entry><entry><para>Gēge hĕn bù hăo.</para></entry><entry><para>The older brother is bad(very not good).</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76433_1993127563"/>5. Simple questions and answers: </title><para>A simple question is formed by adding the interrogative particle 吗 to the end of a declarative sentence:</para><para> </para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para> 你忙吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Nĭ máng ma?</para></entry><entry><para>Are you busy?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他不好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Tá bù hăo ma?</para></entry><entry><para>Isn’t he nice?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para> </para><para>The answer to a simple question can be full or short.</para><para> </para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><thead><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c3"><para>你忙吗？</para></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><para>我忙。(full)</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ máng.</para></entry><entry><para>I’m busy.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>忙 (short)</para></entry><entry><para>Máng.</para></entry><entry><para>Busy.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我不忙。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ bù mang. </para></entry><entry><para>I’m not busy.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不忙 (short)</para></entry><entry><para>Bù máng. </para></entry><entry><para>Not busy.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76435_1993127563"/>6. Particle 呢 and Follow-up questions</title><para>Particle 呢 supplies the means of cutting a question down to a topic. It shows that the same question as that asked previously is to be raised about a new topic. </para><para>It somewhat resembles English “And--?”, “ What about--?”. Following are some examples:</para><para/><para> 你好吗？好, 你呢？我也很好。</para><para> Nĭ hăo ma？Hăo, nĭ ne？Wŏ yĕ hĕn hăo.</para><para> Are you OK？Yes. And you？ I’m OK, too.</para><para/><para> 你哥哥不忙。 你弟弟呢？</para><para> Nĭ gēge bù máng. Nĭ dìdi ne?</para><para> Your older brother is not busy. What about your younger brother?</para></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76437_1993127563"/>Pronunciation notes</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76439_1993127563"/>1. Tone sandhi:</title><para>When two third tones are spoken in succession, like Nĭ hăo, the first third tone becomes second tone. This tone change is known as sandhi in linguistics. </para><para>Sandhi is practiced only when you try to pronounce it. If you want to write it down in Pinyin, the tone mark is not changed.</para><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76441_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76443_1993127563"/>1. Contrastive sentences with stative verbs:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>哥哥好, 弟弟不好。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你忙, 他不忙。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>哥哥忙, 弟弟忙, 我不忙。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>你好, 他们不好 。</para></listitem><listitem><para>我们忙, 你们不忙。 </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para> Gēge hăo, dìdi bù hăo.</para></listitem><listitem><para> Nĭ máng, tā bù máng. </para></listitem><listitem><para> Gēge máng, dìdi máng, wŏ bù máng. </para></listitem><listitem><para> Nĭ hăo, tāmen bù hăo. </para></listitem><listitem><para> Wŏmen máng, nĭmen bù máng. </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para> The older brother is good, but the younger brother is not. </para></listitem><listitem><para> You are busy, but he is not. </para></listitem><listitem><para> The older brother is busy, the younger brother is busy, but I am not.</para></listitem><listitem><para> You are nice, but they are not. </para></listitem><listitem><para> We are busy, but you are not.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para> </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76445_1993127563"/>2. Stative verbs with adverbial modifier:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>他哥哥很好。他也很好。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>他不忙, 我们也都不忙。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>我们不都很忙, 我忙, 他不忙 。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>哥哥, 弟弟都好, 他们也都很忙。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>他们都不很忙, 我们不都很忙。 </para></listitem></orderedlist><orderedlist><listitem><para>Tā gēge hĕn hăo. Tā yĕ hĕn hăo.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā bù máng. Wŏmen yĕ dōu bù máng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏmen bù dōu hĕn máng. Wŏ máng, tā bù máng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Gēge, dìdi dōu hăo, Tāmen yĕ dōu hĕn máng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tāmen dōu bù hĕn máng. Wŏmen bù dōu hĕn máng.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>His older brother is nice, so is he.</para></listitem><listitem><para>He is not busy. None of us is busy, either.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Not all of us are busy. I’m busy, but he is not.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Both older and younger brother are good. They are also very busy.</para></listitem><listitem><para>All of them are not very busy. Not all of us are very busy.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76447_1993127563"/>3. Questions and answers:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>你们都好吗？我们都好。你呢？我也很好。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你哥哥忙吗？忙。我也很忙。你呢？我不很忙。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你们都不很忙吗？我不很忙, 他很忙。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你弟弟不好, 你哥哥呢？我哥哥很好。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>他们都很好, 你也很好吗？我也好, 你呢？</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nĭmen dōu hăo ma？Wŏmen dōu hăo. Nĭ ne？Wŏ yĕ hĕn hăo.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ gēge máng ma？Máng. Wŏ yĕ hĕn máng. Nĭ ne？Wŏ bù hĕn máng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭmen dōu bù hĕn máng ma？Wŏ bù hĕn máng. Tā hĕn máng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ dìdi bù hăo, ni gēge ne？Wŏ gēge hĕn hăo.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tāmen dōu hĕn hăo. Nĭ yĕ hĕn hăo ma？Wŏ yĕ hăo. Nĭ ne?</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Are both of you fine？We are both fine. And you？I’m also fine.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Is your older brother busy？Yes. I’m busy, too. What about you？I am not.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Are both of you not very busy？I’m not, but he is very busy.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Your younger brother is not nice. What about your older brother？My older brother is very nice.</para></listitem><listitem><para>All of them are very well. Are you also very well？I’m fine. And you?</para></listitem></orderedlist></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76449_1993127563"/>Lesson 4, 5</title>4, 5<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76451_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76453_1993127563"/>English</title><para/><para>This Is My Friend</para><para>A: Hello!</para><para>B: Hi!</para><para>A: This is my Dad. This is my Mom. Mom, Dad, he is my friend.</para><para>B: How do you do.</para><para>Mom, Dad: How do you do.</para><para>A: Mom, Dad, my friend's mother is a doctor.</para><para>Mom: Oh, your mom is a doctor, what about your Dad?</para><para>B: He is a doctor, too.</para><para>Dad: Doctors are busy. Are they busy, too?</para><para>B: Yes, they are.</para><para>Mom: How are they?</para><para>B: They are very well, thank you.</para><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76455_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>i<para/><para>Finals: ai iou eng </para><para>Initials: zh ch sh </para><para/><para>这是我朋友</para><para>甲: 你好！ </para><para>乙: 你好！ </para><para>甲: 这是我爸爸, 这是我妈妈。爸爸, 妈妈, 他是我朋友。 </para><para>乙: 你们好。</para><para>爸爸, 妈妈：你好！ </para><para>甲: 爸爸, 妈妈, 我朋友的妈妈是大夫。</para><para>妈妈: 噢, 你妈妈是大夫, 你爸爸呢？</para><para>乙: 他也是大夫。</para><para>爸爸：大夫很忙。你爸爸, 妈妈也很忙吗？</para><para>乙: 忙。</para><para>妈妈：他们好吗？</para><para>乙: 他们很好, 谢谢！</para><para/><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76457_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para/><para>Finals: ai iou eng </para><para>Initials: zh ch sh </para><para/><para>這是我朋友</para><para>甲: 你好！ </para><para>乙: 你好！ </para><para>甲: 這是我爸爸, 這是我媽媽。爸爸, 媽媽, 他是我朋友。 </para><para>乙: 你們好。</para><para>爸爸, 媽媽: 你好！ </para><para>甲: 爸爸, 媽媽, 我朋友的媽媽是大夫。</para><para>媽媽: 噢, 你媽媽是大夫, 你爸爸呢？</para><para>乙: 他也是大夫。</para><para>爸爸: 大夫很忙。你爸爸, 媽媽也很忙嗎？</para><para>乙: 忙。</para><para>媽媽: 他們好嗎？</para><para>乙: 他們很好, 謝謝！</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76459_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para/><para>Zhè Shì Wŏ Péngyou</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ hăo!</para><para>Yĭ: Nĭ hăo!</para><para>Jiă: Zhè shì wŏ bàba. Zhè shì wŏ māma. Bàba, māma, tā shì wŏ péngyou.</para><para>Yĭ: Nĭmen hăo.</para><para>Bàba, māma: Nĭ hăo.</para><para>Jiă: Bàba, māma, wŏ péngyou de māma shì dàifu.</para><para>Māma: O, nĭ māma shì dàifu, nĭ bàba ne?</para><para>Yĭ: Tā yĕ shì dàifu.</para><para>Bàba: Dàifu hĕn máng. Nĭ bàba, māma yĕ hĕn máng ma？ </para><para>Yĭ: Máng.</para><para>Māma: Tāmen hăo ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Tāmen hĕn hăo. Xièxie.</para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76461_1993127563"/>Text</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76463_1993127563"/>English</title><para/><para>That Is His Brother's Car</para><para>This is my friend. That is my friend's older brother. My friend is not a doctor. Neither is his brother. Their mom and dad are doctors. They are busy. They are both good doctors.</para><para>This is my friend’s car. That is his older brother's car. My friend’s car is good, but his older brother's car is not good.</para><para>Is this your book？No. This is my younger brother's book？Is that his book, too？ No. That is my book.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76465_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>i<para/><para>那是他哥哥的车</para><para>这是我朋友。那是我朋友的哥哥。我朋友不是大夫。他哥哥也不是大夫。他们爸爸, 妈妈是大夫。他们很忙。他们都是好大夫。</para><para> 这是我朋友的车, 不是他哥哥的车。那是他哥哥的车。我朋友的车好, 他哥哥的车不好。</para><para>这是你朋友的书吗？不是。这是我弟弟的书。那也是你弟弟的书吗？不是, 那是我的书。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76467_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para/><para>那是他哥哥的車</para><para>這是我朋友。那是我朋友的哥哥。我朋友不是大夫。他哥哥也不是大夫。他們爸爸﹐媽媽是大夫。他們很忙。他們都是好大夫。</para><para>這是我朋友的車, 不是他哥哥的車。那是他哥哥的車。我朋友的車好, 他哥哥的車不好。</para><para>這是你朋友的書嗎？不是。這是我弟弟的書。那也是你弟弟的書嗎？不是, 那是我的書。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76469_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para/><para>Nà Shì Tā Gēge de Chē</para><para>Zhè shì wŏ péngyou. Nă shì wŏ péngyou de gēge. Wŏ péngyou bú shì dàifu. Tā gēge yĕ bú shì dàifu. Tāmen bàba, māma shì dàifu. Tāmen hĕn máng. Tāmen dōu shì hăo dàifu.</para><para>Zhè shì wŏ péngyou de chē, bú shì tā gēge de chē. Nà shì Tā gēge de chē. Wŏ péngyou de chē hăo, tā gēge de chē bù hăo.</para><para>Zhè shì nĭde shū ma？Búshì. Zhè shì wŏ dìdi de shū. Nà yĕ shì nǐ dìdi de shū ma？Búshì, nà shì wŏde shū.</para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76471_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words </para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech </para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>爸爸 </para></entry><entry><para>bàba </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>father</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>妈妈(媽媽) </para></entry><entry><para>māma </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>mother</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>朋友 </para></entry><entry><para>péngyou </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>friend</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>大夫 </para></entry><entry><para>dàifu </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>doctor</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>车(車) </para></entry><entry><para>chē </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>car, bus</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>书(書) </para></entry><entry><para>shū </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>book</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这(這) </para></entry><entry><para>zhè </para></entry><entry><para>demonstrative pron. </para></entry><entry><para>this</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>那 </para></entry><entry><para>nà </para></entry><entry><para>dem. pron. </para></entry><entry><para>that</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她 </para></entry><entry><para>tā </para></entry><entry><para>pron. </para></entry><entry><para>she, her</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>是 </para></entry><entry><para>shì </para></entry><entry><para>classificatory verb </para></entry><entry><para>to be</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>的 </para></entry><entry><para>de </para></entry><entry><para>structural particle </para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76473_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76475_1993127563"/>1. Number:</title><para>Like Chinese verbs, Chinese nouns do not differentiate between singular and plural. Thus English “a book” and “ books” is expressed same as “书” in Chinese.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76477_1993127563"/>2. Structural particle 的:</title><para>The structural particle 的 indicates that the word or phrase preceding it functions as an attributive which defines or modifies the noun or noun phrase that comes after it. </para><para>For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>好的车</para></entry><entry><para>hǎo de chē</para></entry><entry><para>good cars</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>很忙的大夫</para></entry><entry><para>hěn máng de dàifu</para></entry><entry><para>a very busy doctor</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我的爸爸 </para></entry><entry><para>wǒ de bàba</para></entry><entry><para>my father</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她妈妈的书 </para></entry><entry><para> tā māma de shū</para></entry><entry><para>her mom's books</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>In general, the particle “的” comes in as a link marker between the modifier and the noun or the noun phrase modified. But, there are some cases in which “的” is optional:</para><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76479_1993127563"/>A. Where personal pronouns modify words denoting people in close relationship to them:</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>她(的)爸爸 </para></entry><entry><para>tā bàba</para></entry><entry><para>her father</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们(的)哥哥 </para></entry><entry><para>wŏmen gēge </para></entry><entry><para>our older brother</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你(的)朋友 </para></entry><entry><para>nĭ péngyou </para></entry><entry><para>your friends</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></sect4><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76481_1993127563"/>B. Where monosyllabic adjectives modify nouns or noun phrases:</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>好(的)哥哥</para></entry><entry><para>hăo gēge</para></entry><entry><para>good older brother</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>好(的)车</para></entry><entry><para>hăo chē </para></entry><entry><para>good cars</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>There are some other cases, which we’ll discuss in the lessons to come.</para></sect4></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76483_1993127563"/>3. The classificatory verb 是:</title><para>The verb “是” acts as a link between the subject and a description of it usually a way of identifying it. For instance:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>他是大夫。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā shì dàifu.</para></entry><entry><para>He is a doctor.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>To negate是 use 不:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>她不是我妈妈。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā bú shì wŏ māma.</para></entry><entry><para>She is not my mom.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>To form a simple question, you just add interrogative particle “吗” at the end of a statement:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>这是你的车吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Zhè shì nĭde chē ma?</para></entry><entry><para>Is this your car?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76485_1993127563"/>Pronunciation notes:</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76487_1993127563"/>1. Rules for the change of tones for 不:</title><para>“不”(bu) is pronounced with the 4th tone“b”, when it is followed by 1st, 2nd and 3rd tones. For example: </para><para>bù hăo bù máng, bù gān (not dry) </para><para>When “不”（bu）is followed by a 4th tone, it changes into 2nd tone. </para><para>For example:</para><para>Bú shì bú duì (not correct) bú chàng (not sing)</para><para>Note that when“bu”changes its tone, the tone mark should reflect the change.</para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76489_1993127563"/>Speech patterns </title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76491_1993127563"/>The structural particle 的:</title><para/><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76493_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><orderedlist><listitem><para>我爸爸的车很好。</para></listitem><listitem><para> 那是你朋友吗？不是。她是我弟弟的朋友。</para></listitem><listitem><para> 好大夫很忙。不忙的大夫不好。 </para></listitem><listitem><para> 那是好书。这不是。这是你的书吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para> 我妈妈的车很好。你妈妈是大夫。大夫的车都是好车。 </para></listitem></orderedlist></sect4><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76495_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><orderedlist><listitem><para>Wŏ bàba de chē hĕn hăo.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nà shì nĭ péngyou ma？Búshì. Tā shì wŏ dìdi de péngyou. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Hăo dàifu hĕn máng. Bù máng de dàifu bù hăo. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Nà shì hăo shū. Zhè bú shì. Zhè shì nĭ de shū ma？</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏ māma de chē hĕn hăo. Nĭ māma shì dàifu. Dàifu de chē dōu shì Hăo chē .</para></listitem></orderedlist></sect4><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76497_1993127563"/>English</title><orderedlist><listitem><para>My dad’s car is good. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Is that your friend？No. She is my younger brother’s friend. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Good Doctors are busy. The not-busy doctors (the doctors who are not busy) are not good.</para></listitem><listitem><para>That is a good book. This is not. Is this your book?</para></listitem><listitem><para>My mom’s car is good. Your mom is a doctor. The cars of doctors are all good.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect4></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76499_1993127563"/> Sentences with classificatory verb:</title><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76501_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><orderedlist><listitem><para>他哥哥是你朋友吗？是。他哥哥是我朋友。</para></listitem><listitem><para>那不是你的车吗？不是。那是我爸爸的车。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>这是你弟弟的书吗？这不是他的书, 是我的书。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>他是大夫吗？他是大夫, 也是我爸爸。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>那是你朋友的哥哥吗？是。我朋友的哥哥很忙。他是大夫。 </para></listitem></orderedlist></sect4><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76503_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><orderedlist><listitem><para>Tā gēge shì nĭ péngyou ma？Shì. Tā gēge shì wŏ péngyou.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nà bú shì nĭ de chē ma？Bú shi. Nà shì wŏ bàba de chē.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhè shì nĭ dìdi de shū ma？Zhè bú shì tā de shū, shì wŏ de shū.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā shì dàifu ma？Tā shì dàifu, yĕ shì wŏ bàba.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nà shì nĭ péngyou de gēge ma？Shì. Wŏ péngyou de gēge hĕn máng. Tā shì dàifu.</para></listitem></orderedlist></sect4><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76505_1993127563"/>English</title><orderedlist><listitem><para>Is his older brother your friend？Yes. His older brother is my friend.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Isn’t that your car？No. That’s my dad’s car.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Is this your younger brother’s book？This is not his book. (This) is my book.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Is he a doctor？He is a doctor, and (he) is also my dad.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Is that your friend’s older brother？Yes. My friend’s older brother is busy. He is a doctor.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/><para/></sect4></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76507_1993127563"/>Lesson 6</title>6<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76509_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76511_1993127563"/>English</title><para/><para>What Is Your Nationality?</para><para>A: Hello!</para><para>B: Hi!</para><para>A: This is my friend.</para><para>B: How do you do.</para><para>Friend: How do you do. Are you also Chinese?</para><para>B: My dad is Chinese. My mom is American. I'm a Chinese American. What is your nationality?</para><para>Friend: I am Chinese.</para><para>A: He is my Chinese teacher.</para><para>B: My dad is also a teacher of Chinese.</para><para>Friend: How is your dad?</para><para>B: He is very well, thank you. </para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76513_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>Finals: u ei ong </para><para>Initials: r </para><para>你是哪国人？</para><para>甲：你好！ </para><para>乙：你好！ </para><para>甲：这是我的朋友。 </para><para>乙：你好。</para><para>朋友: 你好！你也是中国人吧？</para><para>乙: 我爸爸是中国人, 我妈妈是美国人, 我是美国华人。你是哪国人？</para><para>朋友：我是中国人。</para><para>甲: 他是我的汉语老师。</para><para>乙: 我爸爸也是汉语老师。</para><para>朋友: 你爸爸好吗？</para><para>乙: 他很好, 谢谢！</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76515_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>Finals: u ei ong </para><para>Initials: r </para><para>你是哪國人？</para><para>甲: 你好！ </para><para>乙: 你好！ </para><para>甲: 這是我的朋友。 </para><para>乙: 你好。</para><para>朋友: 你好！你也是中國人吧？</para><para>乙: 我爸爸是中國人, 我媽媽是美國人, 我是美國華人。你是哪國人？</para><para>朋友: 我是中國人。</para><para>甲: 他是我的漢語老師。</para><para>乙: 我爸爸也是漢語老師。</para><para>朋友: 你爸爸好嗎？</para><para>乙: 他很好, 謝謝！</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76517_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para/><para>Nĭ Shì Nă/Něi Guó Rén?</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ hăo!</para><para>Yĭ: Nĭ hăo!</para><para>Jiă: Zhè shì wŏ de péngyou.</para><para>Yĭ: Nĭ hăo.</para><para>Péngyou: Nĭ hăo! Nĭ yĕ shì Zhōngguó rén ba?</para><para>Jiă: Wŏ bàba shì Zhōngguó rén, wŏ māma shì Mĕiguó rén, wŏ shì Mĕiguó huárén. Nĭ shì nă/něi guó rén?</para><para>Péngyou: Wŏ shì Zhōngguó rén.</para><para>Jiă: Tā shì wŏ de Hànyŭ lăoshī.</para><para>Yĭ: Wŏ bàba yĕ shì Hànyŭ lăoshī.</para><para>Péngyou: Nĭ bàba hăo ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Tā hĕn hăo. Xièxie!</para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76519_1993127563"/>Text</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76521_1993127563"/>English</title><para>Who Is He?</para><para>He is my dad. My dad is my friend, and (he is) also my Chinese teacher. This is his Chinese book. My dad is Chinese. My mom isn’t. She is American. My mom is not a teacher. She is a doctor. She is busy. </para><para>Whose car is that？</para><para>That’s my mom’s car. This is my car. Mine is a Japanese car. My mom’s car is a German car. My car is good. My mom’s car is also good. Our cars are both good. </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76523_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>他是谁？</para><para>他是我爸爸。我爸爸是我的朋友, 也是我的汉语老师。这是他的汉语书。我爸爸是中国人, 我妈妈不是中国人。她是美国人。我妈妈不是老师。她是大夫。她很忙。 </para><para>那是谁的车？</para><para>那是我妈妈的车。这是我的车。我的车是日本车。我妈妈的车是德国车。我的车好, 我妈妈的车也好, 我们的车都很好。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76525_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>他是誰？</para><para>他是我爸爸。我爸爸是我的朋友, 也是我的漢語老師。 這是他的漢語書。我爸爸是中國人, 我媽媽不是中國人。 她是美國人。我媽媽不是老師。她是大夫。她很忙。 </para><para>那是誰的車？</para><para>那是我媽媽的車。這是我的車。我的車是日本車。我媽媽的車是德國車。我的車好, 我媽媽的車也好, 我們的車都很好。 </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76527_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Tā Shì Shuí?</para><para>Ta shì wǒ bàba. Wǒ bàba shì wŏde péngyou, yě shì wǒde hànyǔ lăoshī. Zhè shì tāde hànyǔ shū. Wǒ bàba shì Zhōngguórén, wǒ māma bú shì Zhōngguórén. Tā shì Mĕiguórén. Wǒ māma búshì lăoshī. Tā shì dàifu. Tā hĕn máng. </para><para>Nà shì shuíde chē？</para><para>Nà shì wǒ māma de chē. Zhè shì wŏde chē. Wŏde chē shì Rìbĕn chē. Wǒ māma de chē shì Déguó chē. Wŏde chē hăo, Wŏ māma de chē yě hăo. Women de chē dōu hĕn hăo.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76529_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>国(國)</para></entry><entry><para>guó</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>country</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>中国(中國)</para></entry><entry><para>Zhōngguó</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>美国(美國)</para></entry><entry><para>Měiguó</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>United States</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>英国(英國)</para></entry><entry><para>Yīngguó</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>England</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>德国(德國)</para></entry><entry><para>Déguó</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>Germany</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>法国(法國)</para></entry><entry><para>Fǎguó</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>France</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>南非</para></entry><entry><para>Nánfēi</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>South Africa</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>台湾(臺灣)</para></entry><entry><para>Táiwān</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>Taiwan</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>人</para></entry><entry><para>rén</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>person</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>老师(老師)</para></entry><entry><para>lǎoshī</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>teacher</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>汉语(漢語)</para></entry><entry><para>Hànyǔ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Chinese language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>文</para></entry><entry><para>wén</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>written language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>英文</para></entry><entry><para>Yīngwén</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>English language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>中文</para></entry><entry><para>Zhōngwén</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Chinese language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>哪</para></entry><entry><para>nǎ</para></entry><entry><para>interrogative pron</para></entry><entry><para>which</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>谁(誰)</para></entry><entry><para>shuí/shéi</para></entry><entry><para>interrogative pron.</para></entry><entry><para>who</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>谁的(誰的)</para></entry><entry><para>shuí/shéi de</para></entry><entry><para>interrogative pron.</para></entry><entry><para>whose</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>吧</para></entry><entry><para>ba</para></entry><entry><para>interrogative particle</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76531_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76533_1993127563"/>1. Place names as attributives:</title><para>Names of countries, regions, cities, etc. may serve unchanged </para><para>as attributives. For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>日本车</para></entry><entry><para>Rìbĕn chē</para></entry><entry><para>Japanese car</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>德国人</para></entry><entry><para>Déguó rén</para></entry><entry><para>German person</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>When a place name functions as an attributive modifying a noun or a noun phrase, “的” is not needed to mark the connection.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76535_1993127563"/>2. Languages as attributives:</title><para>Names of languages can also serve unchanged as attributives. </para><para>The same as with place names, there is no need to have a “的” to mark the subordination, when a name of a language functions as a modifier.</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>法文老师</para></entry><entry><para>Făwén lăoshī</para></entry><entry><para>teacher of French</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>汉语书</para></entry><entry><para>Hànyŭ shū</para></entry><entry><para>Chinese book</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76537_1993127563"/>3. The interrogative particle 吧:</title><para>“吧” accompanies suggestions. It is used to form questions, which ask for confirmation of a supposition:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>你是美国人吧？</para></entry><entry><para>Nĭ shì Mĕiguó rén ba?</para></entry><entry><para>You are American (I suppose)?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这不是你的书吧？</para></entry><entry><para>Zhè bú shì nĭ de shū ba?</para></entry><entry><para>This is not your book (I suppose)?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76539_1993127563"/>4. Specific questions with interrogative pronouns:</title><para>Unlike in English, Chinese questions that use interrogative pronouns do not entail inversion of the word order. The interrogative pronoun occupies the same slot as the information sought does in the reply. </para><para>For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>Q: 他是谁？</para></entry><entry><para>Tā shì shéi/shuí?</para></entry><entry><para>Who is he?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>A: 他是大夫. </para></entry><entry><para>Tā shì dàifu.</para></entry><entry><para>He is a doctor.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Q: 那是谁的书？</para></entry><entry><para>Nà shì shéi/shuí de shū?</para></entry><entry><para>Whose book is that?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>A: 那是我的书。</para></entry><entry><para>Nà shì wŏ de shū. </para></entry><entry><para>That is my book.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Q: 这是哪国车？</para></entry><entry><para>Zhè shì nă/něi guó chē?</para></entry><entry><para>Which country’s car is this?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>A: 这是德国车。</para></entry><entry><para>Zhè shì Déguó chē?</para></entry><entry><para>This is a German car.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76541_1993127563"/>Pronunciation notes:</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76543_1993127563"/>1. Sentences with interrogative particle 吧:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>你爸爸的车很好吧？ </para></listitem><listitem><para>那不是你的妈妈吧？不是。她是我的汉语老师。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>你是美国华人吧？是, 你也是吧？ </para></listitem><listitem><para>大夫都很忙吧？不都很忙。</para></listitem><listitem><para>这是德国车吧？是, 我们的车都是德国车。 </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nĭ bàba de chē hěn hăo ba?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nà bú shì nĭ de māma ba？Bú shì. Tā shì wŏ de Hànyŭ lăoshī. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ shì Mĕiguó huárén ba？Shì, Nĭ yĕ shì ba？</para></listitem><listitem><para>Dàifu dōu hĕn máng ba？Bù dōu hĕn máng. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhè shì Déguó chē ba？Shì, wŏmen de chē dōu shì Déguó chē.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Your father’s car is good (I suppose)？</para></listitem><listitem><para>That wouldn’t be your mom？No. She is my Chinese teacher.</para></listitem><listitem><para>You would be Chinese American？Yes. So are you (I suppose)?</para></listitem><listitem><para>All doctors are busy, right ？Not all of them are. </para></listitem><listitem><para>This would be a German car？Yes. All of our cars are German cars.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para> </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76545_1993127563"/>2. Questions with interrogative pronouns:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>那是谁？她是我妈妈的朋友。</para></listitem><listitem><para>这是谁的车？这是我的车。这是德国车吧？是德国车。</para></listitem><listitem><para>他是谁的汉语老师？他是我们的汉语老师。他是哪国人？他是美国华人。</para></listitem><listitem><para>谁是你的大夫？我爸爸的朋友是我的大夫。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你的朋友是哪国人？她是日本人。 </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nà shì shuí/shéi？Tā shì wŏ māma de péngyou.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhè shì shuí/shéi de chē？Zhè shì wŏ de chē. Zhè shì Déguó chē ba？Shì Déguó chē.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā shì shuí/shéi de Hànyŭ lăoshī？Tā shì wŏmen de Hànyŭ lăoshī. Tā shì nă guó rén？Tā shì Mĕiguó huárén.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Shuí/shéi shì nĭ de dàifu？Wŏ bàba de péngyou shì wŏ de dàifu.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ de péngyou shì nă/něi guó rén？Tá shì Rìbĕn rén.</para><para/></listitem></orderedlist><orderedlist><listitem><para>Who is that？She is my mom’s friend.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Whose car is this？This is my car. Would it be a German car？It is.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Whose Chinese teacher is he？He is our Chinese teacher. What is his nationality？ He is a Chinese American.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Who is your doctor？My dad’s friend is my doctor.</para></listitem><listitem><para>What is your friend’s nationality？She is Japanese.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/><para/><para/><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76547_1993127563"/>Lesson 7</title>7<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76549_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76551_1993127563"/>English</title><para>What Is This?</para><para/><para>A: What is this?</para><para>B: This is my dad’s map.</para><para>A: What map is this?</para><para>B: This is a map of the World.</para><para>A: What country’s map is that?</para><para>B: That is a map of China. Look! This is Beijing, and that is Shanghai.</para><para>A: Is this the Great Wall.</para><para>B: (You are) right.</para><para>A: The Great Wall is really long. What is that?</para><para>B: That is Yellow River.</para><para>A: What river is this?</para><para>B: This is Yangtz River. </para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76553_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para/><para>这是什么？</para><para>Finals: ing iang uang </para><para>Initials: j </para><para/><para>甲：这是什么？</para><para>乙: 这是我爸爸的地图。</para><para>甲: 这是什么地图？</para><para>乙: 这是世界地图。</para><para>甲: 那是哪国地图？</para><para>乙: 那是中国地图。你看, 这是北京, 那是上海。</para><para>甲: 这是长城吧？</para><para>乙: 对了。</para><para>甲: 噢, 长城真长。那是什么？</para><para>乙: 那是黄河。</para><para>甲: 这是什么河呢？</para><para>乙: 这是长江。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76555_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>Finals: ing iang uang </para><para>Initials: j </para><para>这是什麽？</para><para>甲：這是什麽？</para><para>乙: 這是我爸爸的地圖。</para><para>甲: 這是什麽地圖？</para><para>乙: 這是世界地圖。</para><para>甲: 那是哪國地圖？</para><para>乙: 那是中國地圖。你看, 這是北京, 那是上海。</para><para>甲: 這是長城吧？</para><para>乙: 對了。</para><para>甲: 噢, 長城真長。那是什麽？</para><para>乙: 那是黃河。</para><para>甲: 這是什麽河呢？</para><para>乙: 這是長江。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76557_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Zhè Shì Shénme?</para><para>Jiă: Zhè shì shénme?</para><para>Yĭ: Zhè shì wŏ bàba de dìtú.</para><para>Jiă: Zhè shì shénme dìtú?</para><para>Yĭ: Zhè shì shìjiè dìtú.</para><para>Jiă: Nà shì nă guó dìtú?</para><para>Yĭ: Nà shì Zhōngguó dìtú. Nĭ kàn, zhè shì Bĕijiīng. Nà shì Shànghăi.</para><para>Jiă: Zhè shì Chángchéng ba?</para><para>Yĭ: Duì le.</para><para>Jiă: Chángchéng zhēn cháng. Nà shì shénme?</para><para>Yĭ: Nà shì Huánghé.</para><para>Jiă: Zhè shì shénme hé ne?</para><para>Yĭ: Zhè shì Chángjiāng.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76559_1993127563"/>Text</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76561_1993127563"/>English</title><para/><para>This is a map</para><para>This is a map. This is a map of the World. The world is really big. </para><para>Look: This is Asia; that is Europe; this is Africa; this is America. </para><para>That is also a map. That is a map of China. Look: this is Yangtz river; that is the Great Wall. Both the Yangtz River and the Great Wall are very long. </para><para>That wouldn’t be a map of China, right？No. That is a map of Europe. </para><para>Look: this is France; that is England. What country is this？This is Germany. Do all Europeans speak English？Not all of them do. The British speak English, the French people speak French, and the Germans speak German. What is your nationality？I am Russian, and I speak Russian. </para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76563_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>i<para>这是地图</para><para>这是地图。这是世界地图。世界很大。你看, 这是亚洲；那是欧洲；这是非洲；那是美洲。</para><para>这也是地图。这是中国地图。你看, 这是长江, 那是长城。长江, 长城都很长。 </para><para>那不是中国地图吧？不是。那是欧洲地图。你看, 这是法国, 那是英国。这是什么国家呢？这是德国。欧洲人都说英文吗？不都说。英国人说英文。法国人说法文。德国人说德文。你是哪国人呢？我是俄国人。我说俄文。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76565_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>這是地圖</para><para>這是地圖。這是世界地圖。世界很大。你看, 這是亞洲；那是歐洲；這是非洲；那是美洲。</para><para>這也是地圖。這是中國地圖。你看, 這是長江, 那是長城。長江, 長城都很長。 </para><para>那不是中國地圖吧？不是。那是歐洲地圖。你看, 這是法國, 那是英國。這是什麼國家呢？這是德國。歐洲人都說英文嗎？不都說。英國人說英文；法國人說法文。德國人說德文。你是哪國人呢？我是俄國人。我說俄文。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76567_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Zhè Shì Dìtú</para><para>Zhè shì shìjiè dìtú. Shìjiè hěn dà. Nĭ kàn: zhè shì Yàzhōu; nà shì ōuzhōu; zhè shì Fēizhōu; Nà shì Mĕizhōu.</para><para>Zhè yĕ shì dìtú. Zhè shì Zhōngguó dìtú. Nĭ kàn: zhè shì Chángjiāng; nà shì Chángchéng. Chángjiāng, Chángchéng dōu hĕn cháng. </para><para>Nà bú shì Zhōngguó dìtú ba？Bú shì, nà shì ōuzhōu dìtú. Nĭ kàn: Zhè shì Făguó. Nà shì Yīngguó. Zhè shì shénme guójiā ne？Zhè shì Déguó.ōuzhōu rén dōu shuō Yīngwén ma？Bù dōu shuō. Yīngguó rén shuō Yīngwén; Făguó rén shuō Făwén; Déguó shuō Déwén. Nĭ shì năguó rén ne？ Wŏ shì éguó rén. Wŏ shuō éwén.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76569_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>国家(國家)</para></entry><entry><para>guójiā</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>country</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>地图(地圖)</para></entry><entry><para>dìtú</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>map</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>北京</para></entry><entry><para>Běijīng</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>Peking</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>上海</para></entry><entry><para>Shànghǎi</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>Shanghai</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>长城(長城)</para></entry><entry><para>Chángchéng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Great Wall</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>长江(長江)</para></entry><entry><para>Chángjiāng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Yangtz river</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>黄河</para></entry><entry><para>Huánghé</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Yellow river</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>世界</para></entry><entry><para>Shìjiè</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>the world</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>欧洲(歐洲)</para></entry><entry><para>Ōuzhōu</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>Europe</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>亚洲(亞洲)</para></entry><entry><para>Yàzhōu</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>Asia</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>非洲</para></entry><entry><para>Fēizhōu</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>Africa</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>美洲</para></entry><entry><para>Měizhōu</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>America</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>看</para></entry><entry><para>kàn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to look</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>说</para></entry><entry><para>shuō</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to speak</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>什么(什麽)</para></entry><entry><para>shénme</para></entry><entry><para>interrogative pron.</para></entry><entry><para>what</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>长(長)</para></entry><entry><para>cháng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>long</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>真</para></entry><entry><para>zhēn</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76571_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76573_1993127563"/>1. The verbal predicate:</title><para>Chinese verbs such as 说, 看 can function as predicates. The word order of a simple sentence with a verbal predicate is:</para><para>Subject + Verb + Object (optional)</para><para>For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>中国人说中文。</para></entry><entry><para>Zhōngguó rén shuō Zhōngwén.</para></entry><entry><para>The Chinese speak Chinese.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她看世界地图。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā kàn Shìjiè dìtú.</para></entry><entry><para>She looks at the map of the World.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>To negate a sentence with a verbal predicate, add the adverb 不 before the verb:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>我们不看地图。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏmen bú kàn dìtú.</para></entry><entry><para>We don’t look at the map.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他不说英文。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā bù shuō Yīngwén. </para></entry><entry><para>He does not speak English.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>To form a simple question, you just add interrogative particle 吗 at the end of a statement:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>你说中文吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Nĭ shuō Zhōngwén ma?</para></entry><entry><para>Do you speak English?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>Simple questions are answered by fielding the key word in a question. In this case it is the verbal Predicate.</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>说。</para></entry><entry><para>Shuō.</para></entry><entry><para>Speak (yes).</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不说。</para></entry><entry><para>Bù shuō. </para></entry><entry><para>Don’t speak (no).</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>* Note that the Chinese verb, being invariable, does not in itself show tense. </para><para>In Chinese, the time of an action is shown by the context, time words or adverbs, which we will learn in the lessons to come.</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76575_1993127563"/>2. More about specific questions with interrogative pronouns:</title><para>In order to highlight the interrogative sense, the particle 呢 can also be added to the end of a specific question. For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>他是谁呢？</para></entry><entry><para>Tā shì shéi/shuí ne?</para></entry><entry><para>Who is he?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这是什么呢？</para></entry><entry><para>Zhè shì shénme ne?</para></entry><entry><para>What is this?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你看什么呢？</para></entry><entry><para>Nĭ kàn shénme ne?</para></entry><entry><para>What are you looking at?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76577_1993127563"/>Speech Patterns</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76579_1993127563"/>1. The verbal predicate:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>你看, 那是谁？那是我的汉语老师。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你说什么？我说长城很长。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>你看什么地图？我看世界地图。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>他说他不忙, 他爸爸很忙。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你说你是哪国人？我是德国人。我说德文。 </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nĭ kàn, nà shì shuì/shéi？Nà shì wŏ de Hànyŭ lăoshī.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ shuō shénme？Wŏ shuō Chángchéng hĕn cháng. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ kàn shénme dìtú？Wŏ kàn shìjiè dìtú. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā shuō tā bù máng, tā bàba hĕn máng. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ shuō nĭ shì nă/něi guó rén？Wŏ shì Déguó rén. Wŏ shuō Déwén.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para> (You) look, who is that？That is my Chinese teacher. </para></listitem><listitem><para> What do (did) you say？I say the Great Wall is very long. </para></listitem><listitem><para> What map are you looking at？I’m looking at the map of the World.</para></listitem><listitem><para> He said he was not busy; his father was busy. </para></listitem><listitem><para> What did you say what your nationality is？I’m German. I speak German.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76581_1993127563"/>2. Questions with interrogative pronouns:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>这是什么呢？这是地图。什么地图？这是亚洲地图。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你的朋友是哪国人呢？她说她是日本人。</para></listitem><listitem><para>看, 那是什么呢？那是河吧。什么河呢？地图说那是黄河。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你看什么书呢？我看汉语书。</para></listitem><listitem><para>谁的大夫说法文呢？我的大夫说法文。他的大夫也说法文。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Zhè shì shénme ne？Zhè shì dìtú. Shénme dìtú？Zhè shì Yàzhōu dìtú.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ de péngyou shì nă/něi guó rén ne？Tā shuō tā shì Rìbĕn rén.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Kàn, nà shì shénme ne？Nà shì hé ba. Shénme hé ne？Dìtú shuō nà shì Huánghé.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ kàn shénme shū ne？Wŏ kàn hànyŭ shū.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Shuì/shéi de dàifu shuō Făwén ne？Wŏ de dàifu shuō Făwén. Tā de dàifu yĕ shuō Făwĕn.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>What is this？This is a map. What map？ This is a map of Asia.</para></listitem><listitem><para>What is your friend’s nationality？She says she is Japanese.</para></listitem><listitem><para>What is that？That should be a river. What river？The map says it is the Yellow river.</para></listitem><listitem><para>What book are you reading？I’m reading a Chinese book.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Whose doctor speaks French？My doctor speaks French. His doctor speaks French, too.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76583_1993127563"/>Lesson 8</title>8<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76585_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76587_1993127563"/>English</title><para>Have Some Tea, Please</para><para/><para>Shihai: Hello, Teacher Wang.</para><para>Wang: Hello, Shihai.</para><para>Shihai: Teacher Wang, this is my friend--Jingjing.</para><para>Jingjing: Hello, Teacher Wang.</para><para>Wang: Hello, hello. Welcome, welcome. Come in, please. Please have a seat.</para><para>Shihai/Jingjing: Thanks.</para><para>Wang: You are welcome. You don’t smoke, I suppose?</para><para>Shihai: Neither of us do.</para><para>Wang: Do you drink coffee?</para><para>Jingjing: I don’t drink coffee. I drink tea.</para><para>Wang: Shihai, what do you drink?</para><para>Shihai: I drink both tea and coffee.</para><para>Wang: So, let’s all have tea.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76589_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>Finals: q x </para><para>Initials: in ian uan </para><para>请喝茶</para><para>世海: 王老师, 您好！</para><para>王老师: 世海, 你好, 请进！</para><para>世海: 王老师, 这是我的朋友--京京。</para><para>京京: 王老师好！</para><para>王老师:你好, 你好。欢迎, 欢迎。请坐。</para><para>世海/京京: 谢谢王老师。</para><para>王老师: 不客气。你们都不吸烟吧？</para><para>世海: 我们都不吸烟。</para><para>王老师: 喝咖啡吗？</para><para>京京: 我不喝咖啡, 我喝茶。</para><para>王老师: 世海, 你喝什么呢？</para><para>世海: 咖啡, 茶, 我都喝。</para><para>王老师: 那么, 我们都喝茶吧。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76591_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>Finals: q x </para><para>Initials: in ian uan </para><para>請喝茶</para><para>世海: 王老師, 您好！</para><para>王老師: 世海, 你好, 請進！</para><para>世海: 王老師, 這是我的朋友--京京。</para><para>京京: 王老師好！</para><para>王老師: 你好, 你好。歡迎, 歡迎。請坐。</para><para>世海/京京: 謝謝王老師。</para><para>王老師: 不客氣。你們都不吸煙吧？</para><para>世海: 我們都不吸煙。</para><para>王老師: 喝咖啡嗎？</para><para>京京: 我不喝咖啡, 我喝茶。</para><para>王老師: 世海, 你喝什麼呢？</para><para>世海: 咖啡, 茶, 我都喝。</para><para>王老師: 那麼, 我們都喝茶吧。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76593_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Qĭng Hē Chá</para><para>Shìhăi: Wáng lăoshī, nĭhăo!</para><para>Wáng Lăoshī: Nĭhăo, Shìhăi.</para><para>Shìhăi: Wáng lăoshī zhè shì wŏde péngyou--Jīng jing.</para><para>Jīngjīng: Wáng lăoshī hăo.</para><para>Wáng Lăoshī: Nĭ hăo, nĭ hăo. Huānyíng, huānyíng. Qĭng zuò.</para><para>Shìhăi/Jīngjīng: Xiè xiè Wáng lăoshī.</para><para>Wáng Lăoshī: Bú kèqì. Nĭmen bù xī yān ba?</para><para>Shìhăi: Wŏmen dōu bù xī yān.</para><para>Wáng Lăoshī: Hē kāféi ma?</para><para>Jīngjīng: Wŏ bù hē kāfēi, wŏ hē chá.</para><para>Wáng Lăoshī: Shìhăi, nĭ hē shénme ne?</para><para>Shìhăi: Kāfēi, chá wŏ dōu hē.</para><para>Wáng Lăoshī: Nàme, wŏmen dōu hē chá ba.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76595_1993127563"/>Text</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76597_1993127563"/>English</title><para>Neither of Them Drinks</para><para>Shihai and Jingjing are good friends. Shihai’s dad is from Shanghai; Jingjing’s dad is from Beijing. (But) Shihai and Jingjing say they are Chinese American. </para><para>Both Shihai and Jingjing are students. Shihai studies Computer (Science). Jingjing does not study Computer (Science), (She) studies Economics and Japanese. Shihai does not study Japanese, (he) studies Chinese. He is Teacher Wang’s student. </para><para>Jingjing likes to read; (She) does not like to watch TV. Shihai likes both reading and watching TV. Jingjing drinks tea, (but) not coffee. Shihai likes both tea and coffee. Neither of them drinks, nor do they smoke. None of their friends drink or smoke. </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76599_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>世海和京京都不喝酒</para><para>世海和京京是好朋友。世海的爸爸是上海人。京京的爸爸是北京人。世海和京京说他们是美国华人。 </para><para>世海和京京都是学生。世海学电脑。京京不学电脑, 学经济和日文。世海不学日文, 学中文。他是王老师的学生。</para><para>京京爱看书, 不爱看电视。书和电视, 世海都爱看。京京喝茶, 不喝咖啡。咖啡, 茶, 世海都爱喝。世海和京京都不喝酒, 也都不吸烟。他们的朋友都不喝酒, 也都不吸烟。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76601_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>世海和京京都不喝酒</para><para>世海和京京是好朋友。世海的爸爸是上海人。京京的爸爸是北京人。世海和京京說他們是美國華人。 </para><para>世海和京京都是學生。世海學電腦。京京不學電腦, 學經濟和日文。世海不學日文, 學中文。他是王老師的學生。 </para><para>京京愛看書, 不愛看電視。書和電視, 世海都愛看。京京喝茶, 不喝咖啡。咖啡, 茶, 世海都愛喝。世海和京京都不喝酒, 也都不吸煙。他們的朋友都不喝酒, 也都不吸煙。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76603_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Shìhăi hé Jīngjīng Dōu Bù Hē Jiŭ</para><para>Shìhăi hé Jīngjīng shì hăo péngyou. Shìhăi de bàba shì Shànghăi rén. Jīngjīng de bàba shì Bĕijīng rén. Shìhăi hé Jīngjīng shuō tāmen shì Mĕiguó Huárén. </para><para>Shìhăi hé Jīngjīng dōu shì xuésheng. Shìhăi xué diànnăo. Jīngjīng bù xué diànnăo, xué jīngjì hé Rìwén. Shìhăi bù xué Rìwén, xué Zhōngwén.Tā shì Wáng Lăoshī de xuésheng. </para><para>Jīngjīng ài kàn shū, bú ài kàn diànshì. Shū hé diànshì, Shìhăi dōu ài kàn. Jīngjīng hē chá, bù hē kāfēi. Kāfēi, chá shìhăi dōu ài hē. Shìhăi hé jīngjīng dōu bù hē jiŭ, yĕ dōu bù xī yān. Tāmen de péngyou dōu bù hē jĭu, yĕ dōu bù xī yān. </para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76605_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>老师(老師)</para></entry><entry><para>lǎoshī</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>teacher</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学生(學生)</para></entry><entry><para>xuésheng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>student</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>茶</para></entry><entry><para>chá</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>tea</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>咖啡</para></entry><entry><para>kāfēi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>coffee</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>酒</para></entry><entry><para>jiǔ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>alcohol</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>烟(煙)</para></entry><entry><para>yān</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>cigarette</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>电脑(電腦)</para></entry><entry><para>diànnǎo</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>computer</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>电视(電視)</para></entry><entry><para>diànshì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>TV</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>经济(經濟)</para></entry><entry><para>jīngjì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>economy, economics</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>请(請)</para></entry><entry><para>qǐng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>please</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>进(進)</para></entry><entry><para>jìn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to enter</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>坐</para></entry><entry><para>zuò</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to sit</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>喝</para></entry><entry><para>hē</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to drink</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>爱(愛)</para></entry><entry><para>ài</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to love, to like</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>欢迎(歡迎)</para></entry><entry><para>huānyíng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to welcome</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学(學)</para></entry><entry><para>xué</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to learn</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>吸</para></entry><entry><para>xī</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to inhale</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>谢谢(謝謝)</para></entry><entry><para>xièxie</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic expr.</para></entry><entry><para>Thank you</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不客气(不客氣)</para></entry><entry><para>búkèqi</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic expr.</para></entry><entry><para>You are welcome</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>那么（那麽）</para></entry><entry><para>nàme</para></entry><entry><para>conjonction</para></entry><entry><para>then, so</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>王</para></entry><entry><para>Wáng</para></entry><entry><para>Family name</para></entry><entry><para>King</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76607_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76609_1993127563"/>1. Forms of Addressing People:</title><para>In Chinese, titles follow names. For instance:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>王老师</para></entry><entry><para>Wáng Lăoshī</para></entry><entry><para>Teacher Wang</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>王大夫</para></entry><entry><para>Wáng Dàifu</para></entry><entry><para>Doctor Wang</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76611_1993127563"/>2. Imperative sentences:</title><para>The imperative sentence is one expressing command, request, urging, etc., and having an imperative tone. The subject is often absent in an imperative sentence, and the sentence often ends with an exclamation mark. </para><para>For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>看电视！</para></entry><entry><para>Kàn diànshì!</para></entry><entry><para>Watch TV!</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>To express a polite command, the polite expression 请 is used and followed by a verb or a verbal phrase. </para><para>For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>请进！</para></entry><entry><para>Qĭng jìn!</para></entry><entry><para>Please enter!</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>请喝茶！</para></entry><entry><para>Qĭng hē chá!</para></entry><entry><para>Have some tea, please!</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>Note that in English, the polite expression “please” can appear before or after the command; in Chinese, 请 is used at the beginning of the sentence.</para><para>The particle 吧 can also be added to the end of a sentence to indicate a softened demand or an urge. </para><para>For instance:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>喝咖啡吧。</para></entry><entry><para>Hē kāfēi ba.</para></entry><entry><para>Have some coffee.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们看书吧。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏmen kàn shū ba.</para></entry><entry><para>Let’s read.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76613_1993127563"/>3. Unmarked co-ordination:</title><para>When a list of things is being done, or a number of activities is being carried out, they may be followed one another, without the connection being marked, and positioned at the very beginning of a sentence. </para><para>For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>咖啡, 茶, 我都喝。</para></entry><entry><para>Kāfēi, chá, wŏ dōu hē.</para></entry><entry><para>I drink both coffee and tea.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>Note that 都 (both, all), which regularly follows such a list, refers to the listed series. 都. But note being a true adverb, 都 has to come close before the verb. Thus, the order of the sentence is fixed:</para><para>The list of A, B, etc., (subject) 都 Verb </para><para>More examples:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>中文, 英文, 他都不学。</para></entry><entry><para>Zhōngwén, Yīngwén, tā dōu bù xué.</para></entry><entry><para>He studies neither Chinese nor English.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>看电视, 看书, 你妈妈都爱吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Kàn diànshì, kàn shū, nĭ māma dōu ài ma?</para></entry><entry><para>Does your Mom like both watching TV and reading?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76615_1993127563"/>Speech Patterns</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76617_1993127563"/>1. Imperative sentences:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>你好！车老师。请进。请坐。请喝茶。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>请看地图。这是北京。那是上海。</para></listitem><listitem><para>请吸烟。不客气, 我不吸烟。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>我们都学中文。我们说中文吧。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你喝什么？我喝咖啡。请吧, 这是很好的咖啡。 </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nĭ hăo! Chē lăoshī. Qĭng jìn. Qĭng zuò. Qĭng hē chá. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Qĭng kàn dìtú. Zhè shì Bĕijīng. Nà shì Shànghăi. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Qĭng xī yān. Bú kèqì. Wŏ bù xī yān. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏmen dōu xué Zhōngwén. Wŏmen shuō Zhōngwén ba. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ hē shénme？Wŏ hē kāfēi. Qĭng ba. Zhè shì hĕn hăo de kāfēi.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Hello, Teacher Che. Come in, please. Six down, please, and have some tea, please. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Please look at the map. This is Beijing. That is Shanghai. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Have a cigarette, please. No, thanks. I don’t smoke. </para></listitem><listitem><para>We all study Chinese. Let’s speak Chinese. </para></listitem><listitem><para>What will you drink？I’ll have coffee. Help yourself. This is very good coffee.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para> </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76619_1993127563"/>2 . Unmarked co-ordination:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>你爱看什么书？中文书, 英文书, 我都爱看。</para></listitem><listitem><para>爸爸, 妈妈, 你都爱吗？都爱。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你说她是法国人。她说法文吧？法文, 德文, 英文, 她都说。</para></listitem><listitem><para>大夫说咖啡, 茶, 他都喝。</para></listitem><listitem><para>看电视, 看汉语书, 谁不爱 ？</para></listitem></orderedlist><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nĭ ài kàn shénme shū？Zhōngwén shū, Yīngwén shū, wŏ dōu ài kàn.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Bàba, māma, nĭ dōu ài ma？Dōu ài.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ shuō tā shì Făguó rén. Tā shuō Făwén ba？Făwén, Déwén, Yīngwén, tā dōu shuō.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Dàifu shuō kāfēi, chá, tā dōu hē.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Kàn diànshì, Kàn Hànyŭ shū, shéi/shuí bú ài?</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>What books do you like to read？I like to read both Chinese and English books.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Do you love both your parents？Yes.</para></listitem><listitem><para>You say she is French. She speaks French, I guess. She speaks French, German and English.</para></listitem><listitem><para>The doctor says he drinks both tea and coffee.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Who won’t like watching TV and reading Chinese books?</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76621_1993127563"/>Lesson 9</title>9<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76623_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76625_1993127563"/>English</title><para>What Is Your Family Name?</para><para/><para>A: Hi, I’m David. May I ask, what is your family name？And what is your first name?</para><para>B: My family name is Wang, and my first name is Shihai. How are you?</para><para>A: You are Chinese, I suppose?</para><para>B: I’m Chinese American, and you?</para><para>A: I’m American. I am learning Chinese. My Chinese name is Dawei: Da as in“hen da” (very big), and Wei as in“ Wei shenme”(why).</para><para>B: My given name is Shihai: Shi as in“shijie”(the world), Hai as in“Shanghai” (Shanghai). I’m learning Computer, and studying Chinese.</para><para>A: Who is your Chinese teacher?</para><para>B: My teacher’s family name is Wang. What is your teacher’s family name?</para><para>A: Her family name is Xie. We all call her Teacher Xie.</para><para>B: Is Teacher Xie good?</para><para>A: Yes. How about Teacher Wang?</para><para>B: He is very good, too. </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76627_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>Finals: iao </para><para>uei uai uan </para><para>ue uan uan</para><para> 贵姓?</para><para>甲: 你好。我是David。请问, 你姓什么？叫什么？</para><para>乙: 我姓王, 叫世海。你好。</para><para>甲: 你是中国人吧？</para><para>乙: 我是美国华人, 你呢？</para><para>甲: 我是美国人。我学中文。我的中文名字叫大为: 大, “很大” 的大, 为, “为什么” 的为。</para><para>乙: 我的名字叫世海, 世, “世界” 的世, 海, “上海” 的海。我学电脑, 也学中文。</para><para>甲: 谁是你的汉语老师？</para><para>乙: 我老师姓王。你的老师姓什么？</para><para>甲: 她姓谢, 我们都叫她谢老师。</para><para>乙: 谢老师好吗？</para><para>甲: 她很好, 王老师呢？</para><para>乙: 他也很好。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76629_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>Finals: iao </para><para>uei uai uan </para><para>ue uan uan</para><para> 贵姓?</para><para>甲: 你好。我是David。請問, 你姓什麼？叫什麼？</para><para>乙: 我姓王, 叫世海。你好。</para><para>甲: 你是中國人吧？</para><para>乙: 我是美國華人, 你呢？</para><para>甲: 我是美國人。我學中文。我的中文名字叫大為: 大, “很大” 的大, 為, “為什麼” 的為。 </para><para>乙: 我的名字叫世海：世, “世界” 的世, 海, “上海” 的海。我學電腦, 也學中文。</para><para>甲: 誰是你的漢語老師？</para><para>乙: 我老師姓王。你的老師姓什麼？</para><para>甲: 她姓謝, 我們都叫她謝老師。</para><para>乙: 謝老師好嗎？</para><para>甲: 她很好, 王老師呢？</para><para>乙: 他也很好。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76631_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Guì Xìng?</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ hăo, wŏ shì David. Qǐng wèn, nĭ xìng shénme？Jiào shénme?</para><para>Yĭ: Wŏ xìng Wáng, jiào Shìhăi. Nĭ hăo.</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ shì Zhōngguó rén ba?</para><para>Yĭ: Wŏ shì Mĕiguó huárén, nĭ ne?</para><para>Jiă: Wŏ shì Mĕiguó rén. Wŏ xué Zhōngwén. Wŏ de Zhōngwén míngzì jiào Dàwèi: dà, "hĕn dà" de dà; wèi, "wèi shénme" de wèi. </para><para>Yĭ: Wŏ de míngzì jiào Shìhăi: shì, "shìjiè" de shì, hăi, "Shànghăi" de hăi. Wŏ xué Diànnăo, yĕ xué Zhōngwén.</para><para>Jiă: Shuí shì nĭ de Hànyŭ lăoshī?</para><para>Yĭ: Wŏ lăoshī xìng Wáng. Nĭ de lăoshī xìng shénme?</para><para>Jiă: Tā xìng Xiè, wŏmen dōu jiào tā Xiè lăoshī.</para><para>Yĭ: Xiè lăoshī hăo ma?</para><para>Jiă: Tā hĕn hăo, Wáng lăoshī ne?</para><para>Yĭ: Tā yĕ hĕn hăo.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76633_1993127563"/>Text</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76635_1993127563"/>English</title><para>David's Chinese is good</para><para>My friend Dawei is American. Dawei is his Chinese name. His American first name is David, and his family name is Linn. </para><para>Dawei is a student at The Foreign Language Institute. He studies Chinese, and his Chinese is good. </para><para>Dawei's Chinese teacher's family name is Xie. Teacher Xie’s English name is Jean, and her Chinese name is Deying. Teacher Xie is Taiwanese. </para><para>Teacher Xie is very nice. Her students all like her very much and she likes her students very much. </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76637_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>大为的中文很好</para><para>我的朋友大为是美国人。大为是他的中文名字。他的美国名字叫 David。他姓 Linn。</para><para>大为是外语学院的学生, 他学习中文。他的中文很好。 </para><para>大为的汉语老师姓谢；她的英文名字叫 Jean。她的中文名字叫德迎。谢老师是台湾人。</para><para>谢老师很好。她的学生都很喜欢她。她也很喜欢她的学生。 </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76639_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>大為的中文很好</para><para>我的朋友大為是美國人。大為是他的中文名字。他的美國名字叫 David。他姓 Linn。</para><para>大為是外語學院的學生, 他學習中文。他的中文很好。 </para><para>大為的漢語老師姓謝；她的英文名字叫 Jean。她的中文名字叫德迎。謝老師是台灣人。</para><para>謝老師很好。她的學生都很喜歡她。她也很喜歡她的學生。 </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76641_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Dàwèi de Zhōngwén Hĕn Hăo</para><para>Wŏ de péngyou Dàwèi shì Mĕiguó rén. Dàwèi shì tā de Zhōngwén míngzì. </para><para>Tā de Mĕiguó míngzì jiào David. Tā xìng Linn. </para><para>Dàwèi shì Wàiyŭ Xuéyuàn de xuésheng. Tā xuéxí Zhōngwén. Tā de Zhōngwén </para><para>hĕn hăo. </para><para>Dàwèi de Hànyŭ lăoshī xìng Xiè. Tā de Yīngwén míngzì jiào Jean. Tā de Zhōngwén míngzì jiào Déyíng. Xiè lăoshī shì Táiwān rén. </para><para>Xiè lăoshī hĕn hăo. Tā de xuésheng dōu hĕn xĭhuān tā. Tā yĕ hĕn xĭhuān tā de xuésheng. </para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76643_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>名字</para></entry><entry><para>míngzi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>name, first name</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>姓名</para></entry><entry><para>xìngmíng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>full name</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>外语(外語)</para></entry><entry><para>wàiyǔ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>foreign language(s)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学院(外語)</para></entry><entry><para>xuéyuàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>college, institute</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>外语学院(外語學院)</para></entry><entry><para>wàiyǔ xuéyuàn</para></entry><entry><para>Proper n.</para></entry><entry><para>The Institute of Foreign Languages</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>姓</para></entry><entry><para>xìng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>family name</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>姓</para></entry><entry><para>xìng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>Family name is?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>贵姓(貴姓)</para></entry><entry><para>guì xìng</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>What is your (honorable)family name?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>叫</para></entry><entry><para>jiào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to call, (his, her, my, your) first name is?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学习(學習)</para></entry><entry><para>xuéxí</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to learn, to study</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>喜欢(喜歡)</para></entry><entry><para>xǐhuan</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to like</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>请问(請問)</para></entry><entry><para>qǐng wèn</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>May I ask?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>为什么(爲什麽)</para></entry><entry><para>wèishénme</para></entry><entry><para>question word</para></entry><entry><para>why</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76645_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76647_1993127563"/>1. Chinese names:</title><para>A modern Chinese name has two parts: a family name, which usually consists of a character, and a first name, which could be one character or two characters. </para><para>As a rule, Chinese in China always have their family names before the first name. </para><para>But Chinese abroad might follow the Western rule, and have their first name first </para><para>and their family name last.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76649_1993127563"/>2. Telling and asking a person’s name:</title><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76651_1993127563"/>A. Family names:</title><para>Use 姓 for the family name:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>贵姓？</para></entry><entry><para>Guì xìng?</para></entry><entry><para>What is your family name？(Idiomatic and polite way of asking someone’s family name.)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(我)姓王。</para></entry><entry><para>(Wŏ)xìng Wáng.</para></entry><entry><para>(My) family name is Wang.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她姓什么？</para></entry><entry><para>Tā xìng shénme?</para></entry><entry><para>What is her family name?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她姓谢。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā xìng Xiè.</para></entry><entry><para>Her last name is Xie.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></sect4><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76653_1993127563"/>B. First names and full names:</title><para>Use 叫 for a first name or a full name:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>你叫什么？</para></entry><entry><para>Nĭ jiào shénme?</para></entry><entry><para>What is you first name/full name?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我叫德迎。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ jiào Déyíng.</para></entry><entry><para>My first name is Deying.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我叫谢德迎。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ jiào Xiè Déyíng.</para></entry><entry><para>My full name is Xie Deying.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></sect4></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76655_1993127563"/>3. The expression of 请问:</title><para>请问 is a idiomatic expression, which is often used immediately before a question to make it polite. </para><para>For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>请问, 他是谁？</para></entry><entry><para> Qĭng wèn, tā shì shéi?</para></entry><entry><para>May I ask, who is he?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>请问, 你是王老师吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Qĭng wèn, nĭ shì Wáng lăoshī ma?</para></entry><entry><para>May I ask, are you Teacher Wang?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76657_1993127563"/>Speech Patterns</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76659_1993127563"/>1. Asking and telling a person’s name:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>请问, 贵姓？我姓车。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>请问, 你叫什么名字？我姓谢, 我叫谢京。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>你弟弟叫什么？他叫学友。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>我们汉语老师姓王。他的中文名字叫大中。他的英文名字叫 Dave。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>他姓车, 叫国英。我们都叫他大车。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Qĭng wèn, guì xìng？Wŏ xìng Chē.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Qĭng wèn, nĭ jiào shénme míngzi？Wŏ xìng Xiè, Wŏ jiào Xiè Jīng. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ dìdi jiào shénme？Tā jiào Xuéyǒu. </para></listitem><listitem><para> Wŏmen Hànyŭ lăoshi xìng Wáng. Tā de Zhōngwén míngzi jiào Dàzhōng. Tā de Yīngwén míngzi jiào Dave.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā xìng Chē, jiào Guóyīng. Wŏmen dōu jiào tā Dàchē.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>May I ask, What is your family name？My family name is Che. </para></listitem><listitem><para>May I ask, What is your name？My last name is Xie. My full name is Xie Jing. </para></listitem><listitem><para>What is your younger brother’s name？His name is Xueyou.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Our Chinese teacher’s last name is Wang. His Chinese name is Dazhong, and his English name is Dave.</para></listitem><listitem><para>His family name is Che. His name is Guoying. We all call him big Che.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76661_1993127563"/>Lesson 10</title>10<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76663_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76665_1993127563"/>English</title><para>He Is at the Foreign Languages Institute</para><para/><para>A: Excuse me, is this the student dorm of the Foreign Languages Institute.</para><para>B: Yes.</para><para>A: Where is student dorm No.435?</para><para>B: It is over there. Who are you looking for?</para><para>A: I’m looking for Dawei. He says he resides in student dorm No.435.</para><para>B: Dawei…You are….</para><para>A: I am a friend of his. My name is Shihai. Is Dawei in?</para><para>B: No. He is at the Foreign Languages Institute.</para><para>A: Thank you. I’ll go and look for him there. Bye.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76667_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>Initials: z c s</para><para>Retroflex final: er</para><para>他在外语学院</para><para>甲: 请问, 这是外语学院学生宿舍吗？</para><para>乙: 是。</para><para>甲: 学生宿舍四三五号在哪儿？</para><para>乙: 在那儿。你找谁？</para><para>甲: 我找大为。他说他住四三五号。 </para><para>乙: 大为....你是....</para><para>甲: 我是大为的朋友, 叫世海。大为在吗？</para><para>乙: 他不在。他在外语学院。</para><para>甲: 谢谢。我去那儿找他。再见。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76669_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>Initials: z c s</para><para>Retroflex final: er</para><para>他在外語學院</para><para>甲: 請問, 這是外語學院學生宿舍嗎？</para><para>乙: 是。</para><para>甲: 學生宿舍四三五號在哪兒？</para><para>乙: 在那兒。你找誰？</para><para>甲: 我找大為。他說他住四三五號。 </para><para>乙: 大為....你是....</para><para>甲: 我是大為的朋友, 叫世海。大為在嗎？</para><para>乙: 他不在。他在外語學院。</para><para>甲: 謝謝。我去那兒找他。再見。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76671_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Tā Zài Wàiyŭ Xuéyuàn</para><para>Jiă: Qĭng wèn, zhè shì wàiyŭ xuéyuàn xuéshēng sùshè ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Shì.</para><para>Jiă: Xuéshēng sùshe sì sān wŭ hào zài năr? </para><para>Yĭ: Zài nàr. Nĭ zhăo shuí?</para><para>Jiă: Wŏ zhăo Dàwèi. Tā shuō tā zhù sì sān wŭ hào.</para><para>Yĭ: Dàwèi...nĭshì...</para><para>Jiă: Wŏ shì Dàwèi de péngyou. Wŏ jiào Shìhăi. Dàwèi zài ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Tā bú zài. Tā zài Wàiyŭ xuéyuàn.</para><para>Jiă: Xièxiè. Wŏ qù nàr zhăo tā. Zàijiàn. </para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76673_1993127563"/>Text</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76675_1993127563"/>English</title><para>David Lives in Rm.435</para><para>Shihai’s friend David is American. He is a student at the Foreign Languages Institute. But, the teachers and the students at the Foreign Languages Institute know him only as Dawei, not as David. </para><para>Dawei lives in the dorm. He lives in Rm. 435. Rm. 435 is not big, but very clean. Dawei likes his room very much. He often invites his friend to his place to have fun. (They) drink Chinese tea, watch Chinese TV, and speak Chinese. </para><para>Today, Shihai went to the student dorm to look for him. He was not in. His roommate said he was at the Foreign Languages Institute. Now, Shihai is going there to look for him.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76677_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>大为住四三五号房间</para><para>世海的朋友David 是美国人。他是外语学院的学生。可是外语学院的老师和学生只知道他叫大为, 不知道他叫David。</para><para>大为住宿舍。他住四三五号。四三五号不大, 可是很干净。大为很喜欢他的房间。他常常请他的朋友去他那儿玩, 喝中国茶, 看中文电视, 说中文。</para><para>今天, 世海去学生宿舍找他。他不在。他的室友说他在外语学院。现在, 世海去那儿找他。 </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76679_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>大為住四三五號房間</para><para>世海的朋友David 是美國人。他是外語學院的學生。可是外語學院的老師和學生只知道他叫大為, 不知道他叫David。</para><para>大為住宿舍。他住四三五號。四三五號不大, 可是很乾淨。大為很喜歡他的房間。他常常請他的朋友去他那兒玩, 喝中國茶, 看中文電視, 說中文。</para><para>今天, 世海去學生宿舍找他。他不在。他的室友說他在外語學院。現在, 世海去那兒找他。 </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76681_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Dàwèi Zhù Sì Sān Wŭ Hào Fángjiān</para><para>Shìhăi de péngyou David shì Mĕiguó rén. Tā shì Wàiyŭ xuéyuàn de xuéshēng, kĕshì Wàiyŭ xuéyuàn de lăoshī hé xuéshēng zhĭ zhīdào tā jiào Dàwèi, bù zhīdào tā jiào David. </para><para>Dàwèi zhù sùshè. Tā zhù sì sān wŭ hào. Sì sān wŭ hào bú dà, kĕshì hĕn gānjìng. Dàwèi hĕn xĭhuān tā de fángjiān. Tā chángchang qĭng tā de péngyou qù tā nàr wán, hē Zhōngguó chá, kàn Zhōngwén diànshì, shuō Zhōngwén. </para><para>Jīntiān, Shìhăi qù xuéshēng sùshè zhăo tā. Tā bú zài. Tā de shìyŏu shuō tā zài Wàiyŭ xuéyuàn. Xiànzài, Shìhăi qù nàr zhăo tā.</para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76683_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>宿舍</para></entry><entry><para>sùshè</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>dorm</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>房间 (房間)</para></entry><entry><para>fángjiān</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>room</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>室友</para></entry><entry><para>shìyŏu</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>roomate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>住</para></entry><entry><para>zhù</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to reside, to live in</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>在</para></entry><entry><para>zài</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to be located in/on/at, etc.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>去</para></entry><entry><para>qù</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to go</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>找</para></entry><entry><para>zhǎo</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to look for</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>知道</para></entry><entry><para>zhīdao</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to know</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>请 (請)</para></entry><entry><para>qǐng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to invite</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>玩</para></entry><entry><para>wán</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to play</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>干净 (乾淨)</para></entry><entry><para>gānjìng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>clean</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>那儿 (那兒)</para></entry><entry><para>nàr</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>there</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这儿 (這兒)</para></entry><entry><para>zhèr</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>here</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>哪儿 (哪兒)</para></entry><entry><para>nǎr</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>where</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>只</para></entry><entry><para>zhǐ</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>only</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>常常</para></entry><entry><para>chángcháng</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>often</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>今天</para></entry><entry><para>jīntiān</para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>today</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>现在 (現在)</para></entry><entry><para>xiànzài</para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>now</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>零</para></entry><entry><para>líng</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>zero</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一</para></entry><entry><para>yī</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>one</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>二</para></entry><entry><para>èr</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>two</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>三</para></entry><entry><para>sān</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>three</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>四</para></entry><entry><para>sì</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>four</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76685_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76687_1993127563"/>1. The demonstrative place names "这儿", "那儿":</title><para>这儿( here ), 那儿(there) can be used as localizers that can combine with pronouns, proper nouns, and nouns. For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>我这儿</para></entry><entry><para>wŏ zhèr</para></entry><entry><para>my place</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>王老师那儿</para></entry><entry><para>Wáng lăoshī nàr</para></entry><entry><para>Teacher Wang’s place</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>外语学院那儿</para></entry><entry><para>wàiyŭ xuéyuàn nàr</para></entry><entry><para>the Institute of Foreign Languages there</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76689_1993127563"/>2. Time-word:</title><para>Time words such as 今天, 现在 etc. can function as nouns, and can be used an adjective to modify another noun. For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>今天的老师</para></entry><entry><para>jīntiān de lăoshī</para></entry><entry><para>today’s teacher</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>现在的学生</para></entry><entry><para>xiànzài de xuésheng</para></entry><entry><para>nowadays students </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>Times words may also function as adverbs. As adverbs they must precede the verb, and they can come before or after the subject. For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>今天她去外语学院。</para></entry><entry><para>Jīntiān tā qù wàiyŭ xuéyuàn.</para></entry><entry><para>Today she’ll go to the Foreign language Institute.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你现在看什么？</para></entry><entry><para>Nĭ xiànzài kàn shénme?</para></entry><entry><para> What are you reading now?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76691_1993127563"/>Pronunciation notes:</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76693_1993127563"/>Retroflex final “er”:</title><para>“er” is also considered as a simple final as “a, o, e, i, u”. To form this sound, you should first get your mouth in the position for forming “e”, but with the middle front rather than the middle back part of the tongue raised. </para><para>The other important difference is that the tip of the tongue must be raised and curl back over the tongue itself. This curling back is what is meant by “retroflex”. </para><para>This final some what like “er” in American English “her”.</para><para>The final “er” can stand by itself as a syllable. But it can also function as a suffix. When it became a suffix, it is spelt as “r”. For example: 玩(to play), can both be “wán” and “wánr”. Phonetically, what happens when “er” becomes suffix is that it drops its “e” and simply becomes “r”, and this “r” is hooked onto the syllable in question. When a syllable has a front nasal ending “n”, the “n” is dropped; when a syllable has a back ending “ng”, the “ng” fuses with “r” to form a nasalized vowel. </para><para>Try the following syllables:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="7"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><colspec colnum="6" colname="c6"/><colspec colnum="7" colname="c7"/><tbody><row><entry><para>a.</para></entry><entry><para>èr</para></entry><entry><para>shì'èr</para></entry><entry><para>érzi</para></entry><entry><para>értóng</para></entry><entry><para>érhuà</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>b.</para></entry><entry><para>huār</para></entry><entry><para>shìr</para></entry><entry><para>niăor</para></entry><entry><para>yìr </para></entry><entry><para>màor</para></entry><entry><para>yér</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>c.</para></entry><entry><para>wánr</para></entry><entry><para>duănr</para></entry><entry><para>diănr</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>d.</para></entry><entry><para>diànyĭngr</para></entry><entry><para>diàndēngr </para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>This retroflex final is transcribed into character as 儿.</para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76695_1993127563"/>Speech Patterns</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76697_1993127563"/>1. Place names 这儿, 那儿: </title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>去我那儿吧。你那儿好吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>他去谢京那儿看电视。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>这儿的经济很好。北京那儿好吗？ </para></listitem><listitem><para>坐我这儿吧。 谢谢。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你去哪儿找他？我去宿舍那儿找他。他也不在。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Qù wŏ nàr ba. Nĭ nàr hăo ma？</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā qù Xiè Jīng nàr kàn diànshì. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhèr de jīngjì hĕn hăo. Bĕijīng nàr hăo ma？</para></listitem><listitem><para>Zuò wŏ zhèr ba. Xièxie. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ qù năr zhăo tā？Wŏ qù sùshè nàr zhăo tā. Tā yĕ bú zài. </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Let’s go to my place. Is your place nice?</para></listitem><listitem><para>He went Xie jing’s place to watch TV. </para></listitem><listitem><para>The economy here is good. How is (it) in Beijing?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Take my seat (or: Sit next to me). Thank you. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Where did you go to look for him？I went the dorm to look for him. He is not there, either.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76699_1993127563"/>2. 在 as a verb:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>你妈妈也在这儿吗？她不在这儿, 在台湾。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你知道外语学院在哪儿吗？不知道。我们看地图吧。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你的车在哪儿？不在这儿。在我哥哥那儿。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你是哪国人？我是日本人。日本在亚洲吧？在。</para></listitem><listitem><para>世海在吗？不在。他在宿舍。他的宿舍在哪儿？在经济学院。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nĭ māma yĕ zài zhèr ma？Tā bú zài zhèr, zài Táiwān.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ zhīdao Wàiyŭ xuéyuàn zài năr ma？Bù zhīdao. Wŏmen kàn dìtú ba.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ de chē zài năr？Bú zài zhèr. Zài wŏ gēge nàr.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ shì năguó rén？Wŏ shì Rìbĕn rén. Rìbĕn zài Yàzhōu ba？Zài.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Shìhăi zài ma？Bú zài. Tā zài sùshè. Tā de sùshè zài năr？Zài Jīngjì xuéyuàn.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Is your mom also here？She is not here. (She) is in Taiwan.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Do you know where is the Foreign Languages Institute？No. Let’s check the map.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Where is your car？Not here. (It) is in my older brother’s place.</para></listitem><listitem><para>What is your nationality？I’m Japanese. Is Japan in Asia？Yes.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Is Shihai in？No. He is in the dorm. Where is his dorm？In the College of Economics.</para><para/></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76701_1993127563"/>Lesson 11</title>11<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76703_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76705_1993127563"/>English</title><para>May I Use Your Phone for a While?</para><para/><para>A: Haiying, do you live here?</para><para>B: Yes. I live in Rm 322. How about you？Do you also live in the student dorm?</para><para>A: Yes.</para><para>B: What room do you live in?</para><para>A: I live on the 6th floor, room 632.</para><para>B: Really？(That’s) wonderful. Is your room nice?</para><para>A: Quiet nice, very big. Come and visit me.</para><para>B: OK.</para><para>A: Oh yes, Haiying, may I use your phone for a while?</para><para>B: Sorry. This is not my phone. (It) is my roommate’s. She is not here right now. (I’m) really sorry.</para><para>A: It’s OK. Do you know where the public phone is?</para><para>B: On the 1st floor.</para><para>A: I’m going to the 1st floor. Bye.</para><para>B: Bye.</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76707_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>我用一下你的电话, 好吗？</para><para>Finals: ua ia iong</para><para>甲: 海英, 你住这儿吗？</para><para>乙: 对了。我住322号。你呢？你也住学生宿舍吗？ </para><para>甲: 是的。</para><para>乙: 你住多少号？</para><para>甲: 我住6楼, 632。</para><para>乙: 真的吗？太好了。你的房间好吗？</para><para>甲: 很好。很大, 也很干净。来玩吧。</para><para>乙: 好的。</para><para>甲: 对了, 海英, 我用一下你的电话, 好吗？</para><para>乙: 对不起, 这不是我的电话。是我室友的。她现在不在。真对不起。</para><para>甲: 没关系。你知道公共电话在哪儿吗？</para><para>乙: 在一楼 。</para><para>甲: 我现在去一楼 。再见。</para><para>乙: 再见。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76709_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>Finals: ua ia iong</para><para/><para>我用一下你的電話, 好嗎？</para><para/><para>甲: 海英, 你住這兒嗎？</para><para>乙: 對了。我住322號。你呢？你也住學生宿舍嗎？ </para><para>甲: 是的。</para><para>乙: 你住多少號？</para><para>甲: 我住6樓, 632。</para><para>乙: 真的嗎？太好了。你的房間好嗎？</para><para>甲: 很好。很大, 也很乾淨。來玩吧。</para><para>乙: 好的。</para><para>甲: 對了, 海英, 我用一下你的電話, 好嗎？</para><para>乙: 對不起, 這不是我的電話。是我室友的。她現在不在。真對不起。</para><para>甲: 沒關係。你知道公共電話在哪兒嗎？</para><para>乙: 在一樓 。</para><para>甲: 我現在去一樓 。再見。</para><para>乙: 再見。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76711_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Wŏ Yòng Yíxiàr Nĭde Diànhuà, Hăo ma?</para><para>Jiă: Hăiyīng, nĭ zhù zhèr ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Duìle. Wŏ zhù sān èr èr hào. Nĭ ne？Nĭ yĕ zhù xuéshēng sùshè ma?</para><para>Jiă: Shìde. </para><para>Yĭ: Nĭ zhù duōshăo hào?</para><para>Jiă: Wŏ zhù liù lóu, liù sān èr.</para><para>Yĭ: Zhēnde ma？Tài hăo le. Nĭde fángjiān hăo ma?</para><para>Jiă: Hĕn hăo, hĕn dà, yĕ hĕn gān jìng. Lái wán ba.</para><para>Yĭ: Hăode.</para><para>Jiă: Duìle, Hăiyīng, wŏ yòng yíxiàr nĭde diànhuà, hăo ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Duìbùqĭ. Zhè bú shì wŏde diànhuà. Shì wŏ shìyŏu de. Tā xiànzài bú zài. Zhēn duìbùqĭ.</para><para>Jiă: Méi guānxì. Nĭ zhīdào gōnggòng diànhuà zài năr ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Zài yī lóu.</para><para>Jiă: Wŏ xiànzài qù yī lóu. Zàijiàn.</para><para>Yĭ: Zàijiàn.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76713_1993127563"/>Text</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76715_1993127563"/>English</title><para>They Both Live in the Sudent Dorm</para><para>Haiying and Hua Jiang both live in the student dorm. Haiying lives on the 3rd floor. Her room is No. 22. Hua Jiang lives on the 6th floor. His room is No. 32. Haiying’s roommate’s last name is Fine; (her) first name is Sandy, (and she) is a Jewish American. Hua Jiang’s roommate’s last name is Choi, (his) first name is John, (and he) is Korean. Haiying and Hua Jiang are friends, and also classmates. They study Computer Science. Sandy and John are friends, but not classmates. Sandy studies Journalism, and John studies Economics. Haiying and Sandy are neat. Their room is very clean. Hua and John are not so neat, and their room isn’t clean. Hua and John often invite Haiying and Sandy to their place and visit them. Haiying and Sandy won’t go. Why？They say Room 632 is very dirty. </para><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76717_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>江华的室友是韩国人</para><para>海英和江华都住学生宿舍。海英住三楼。她的房间是二十二号。江华住六楼。他的房间是三十二号。海英的室友姓Fine, 叫 Sandy, 是美国犹太人。江华的室友姓 Choi, 叫 John, 是韩国人。海英和江华是朋友, 也是同学。他们都学电脑。 Sandy 和 John 是朋友, 可是不是同学。Sandy 学新闻, John 学经济。海英和 Sandy 都爱干净。他们的房间很干净。江华和 John 不爱干净。他们的房间不干净。江华和 John 常常请海英和 Sandy 去他们那儿玩儿。海英和 Sandy 不去。为什么？她们说 632 号很脏。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76719_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para/><para>江華的室友是韓國人</para><para>海英和江華都住學生宿舍。海英住三樓。她的房間是二十二號。江華住六樓。他的房間是三十二號。海英的室友姓Fine, 叫 Sandy, 是美國猶太人。江華的室友姓 Choi, 叫 John, 是韓國人。海英和江華是朋友, 也是同學。他們都學電腦。 Sandy 和 John是朋友, 可是不是同學。Sandy 學新聞, John 學經濟。海英和 Sandy 都愛乾淨。他們的房間很乾淨。江華和John 不愛乾淨。他們的房間不乾淨。江華和 John 常常請海英和Sandy 去他們那兒玩兒。海英和 Sandy 不去。為什麼？她們說 632 號很髒。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76721_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Jiāng Huá de Shìyŏu Shì Hánguó Rén</para><para>Hăiyīng hé Jiānghuá dōu zhù xuéshēng sùshè. Hăiyīng zhù sān lóu. Táde fángjiān shì èrshíèr hào. Jiāng huá zhù liù lóu. Táde fángjiān shì sánshíèr hào. Hăiyīng de shìyŏu xìng Fine, jiào Sandy, shì Mĕiguó Yóutài rén. Jiāng huá de shìyŏu xìng Choi, jiào John, shì Hánguó rén.Hăiyīng hé Jiānghuá shì péngyŏu, yĕshì tóngxué. Támen dōuxué diànnăo. Sandy hé John shì péngyŏu, kĕshì búshì tōngxué. Sandy xué xīnwén, John xué jīngjì. Hăiyīng hé Sandy dōu ài gānjìng. Támen de fángjiān hĕn gānjìng. Jiānghuá hé John bú ài gānjìng. Tāmen de fángjiān bù gānjìng.Jiānghuá hé John chángcháng qĭng Hăiyīng hé Sandy qù tāmen nàr wánr. Hăiyīng hé Sandy bú qù. Wèishénme？Tāmen shuō liù sān èr hào hĕn zāng. </para><para> </para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76723_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>电话(電話)</para></entry><entry><para>diànhuà</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>phone</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>楼(樓)</para></entry><entry><para>lóu</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>floor, building</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>房间(房間)</para></entry><entry><para>fángjiān</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>room</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>新闻(新聞)</para></entry><entry><para>xīnwén</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>news, journalism</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>同学(同學)</para></entry><entry><para>tóngxué</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>classmate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>韩国(韓國)</para></entry><entry><para>Hánguó</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>South Korea</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>犹太(猶太)</para></entry><entry><para>Yóutài</para></entry><entry><para>n. adj.</para></entry><entry><para>Jew, Jewish</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>大</para></entry><entry><para>dà</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>big</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>公共</para></entry><entry><para>gōnggòng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>public</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>脏(髒)</para></entry><entry><para>zāng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>dirty</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>来</para></entry><entry><para>lái</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to come</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>用</para></entry><entry><para>yòng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to use</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一下儿</para></entry><entry><para>yíxiàr</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>for a while</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>是的</para></entry><entry><para>shì de</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>right, correct</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>好的</para></entry><entry><para>hǎo de</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>OK, fine, all right</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>真的</para></entry><entry><para>zhēnde</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>really</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>对了(對了)</para></entry><entry><para>duì le</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>right, correct</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>对不起(對不起)</para></entry><entry><para>duìbuqǐ</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>sorry</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>没关系(沒關係)</para></entry><entry><para>méiguānxì</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>It’s all right. It doesn’t matter.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>再见(再見)</para></entry><entry><para>zàijiàn</para></entry><entry><para>idiomativ exp.</para></entry><entry><para>Good bye</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>六</para></entry><entry><para>liù</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>six</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>七</para></entry><entry><para>qī</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>seven</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>八</para></entry><entry><para>bā</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>eight</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>九</para></entry><entry><para>jiǔ</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>nine</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>十</para></entry><entry><para>shí</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>ten</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>白</para></entry><entry><para>bái</para></entry><entry><para>numeral</para></entry><entry><para>hundred</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>多少</para></entry><entry><para>duōshǎo</para></entry><entry><para>question word</para></entry><entry><para>how many, how much</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76725_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76727_1993127563"/>1. Numbers:</title><para>The numbers 0 to 10 are listed in the vocabularies of lesson 10 and 11. For multiples of ten, the multiplier precedes 十 (shí “ten”. 20 then is 二十 (èrshí, that is 2x10; 30 is 三十 (sānshí, and so on. In compound numbers, units are added to the tens so 12 is 十二 (shí'ér), that is 10+2; 17 is 十七 (shíqī, 85 is 八十五 (bāshíwŭ), that is 80+5, etc.</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76729_1993127563"/>2. Using the tag question 好吗 to make a suggestion or to ask for a permission:</title><para/><para>好吗 can work as a tag to a statement. The function of the tag is to turn the statement in to a suggestion or a request. </para><para/><para>For example:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>我们看电视, 好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏmen kàn diànshì, hăo ma?</para></entry><entry><para>Let’s/we’ll watch TV, OK?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我用你的车, 好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ yòng nĭ de chē hăo ma?</para></entry><entry><para>May I use your car?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>To express consent and agreement, the response is usually “好 ” or “ 好啊”.</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><tbody><row><entry><para>我们喝咖啡, 好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏmen hē kāfēi, hăo ma?</para></entry><entry><para>Let’s have coffee, OK?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>好啊。</para></entry><entry><para>Hăo ā.</para></entry><entry><para>Fine.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>To express disagreement, the response could be “对不起 ” or “不行” followed by an explanation.</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>我用你的车, 好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ yòng nĭ de chē, hăo ma？ </para></entry><entry><para>May I use your car?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不行.我的车不在这儿。</para></entry><entry><para>Bù xíng. Wŏ de chē bú zài zhèr.</para></entry><entry><para>No. My car is not here.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>对不起。我的车不在这儿。</para></entry><entry><para>Duìbuqĭ. Wŏ de chē bú zài zhèr.</para></entry><entry><para>Sorry. My car isn’t here.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76731_1993127563"/>3. The phrase 一下:</title><para>The phrase 一下 always follows a verb to indicate that the action expressed by the verb is informal and does not last long. For example:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>这是你的书吗？我看一下, 好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Zhè shì nĭde shū ma？Wŏ kàn yíxià, hăo ma?</para></entry><entry><para>Is this your book？May I take a look?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>Note that 一下 is often used when the speaker is making a suggestion, and asking for a permission, for it carries the tone of politeness.</para><para/><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76733_1993127563"/>Pronunciation notes:</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76735_1993127563"/>Rules for the change of tones for 一</title><para/><para>一 (yī) represents the numeral “one”. When it is spoken alone, or as the last component in a word or a sentence, it is read with its primary tone, the 1st tone. </para><para/><para>For example:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>yī, èr, sān</para></entry><entry><para>one, two, three</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>yī bā bā jiŭ</para></entry><entry><para>1889</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>tŏngyī</para></entry><entry><para>to unite</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>When it immediately precedes a fourth-tone syllable, it changes from 1st to 2nd tone, and the tone mark reflects the change. For example:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>Yídìng</para></entry><entry><para>surely, certainly</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Yíxiàr</para></entry><entry><para>for a while</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>When it immediately precedes a syllable in any tone other than the 4th tone, </para><para>it changes to 4th tone, and the tone mark reflects the change. For instance:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>Yì tiān</para></entry><entry><para>one day</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Yì nián</para></entry><entry><para>one year</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Yì diăn</para></entry><entry><para>one o’clock</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76737_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76739_1993127563"/>1. Numbers: </title><para/><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76741_1993127563"/>A. Transcribe the following numbers into Pīnyīn. Click to see if you are right.</title><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="6"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><colspec colnum="6" colname="c6"/><tbody><row><entry><para>1. 26</para></entry><entry><para>2. 32</para></entry><entry><para>3. 17</para></entry><entry><para>4.55</para></entry><entry><para>5.70</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>6.81</para></entry><entry><para>7.46</para></entry><entry><para>8.93</para></entry><entry><para>9. 100</para></entry><entry><para>10.38</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para>key: </para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="6"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><colspec colnum="6" colname="c6"/><tbody><row><entry><para>1. èrshíliù</para></entry><entry><para>2. Sānshíèr</para></entry><entry><para>3. Shíqī</para></entry><entry><para>4. Wŭshíwŭ</para></entry><entry><para>5. Qīshí</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>6. bāshíyī</para></entry><entry><para>7. Sìshíliù.</para></entry><entry><para>8. Jiŭshísān</para></entry><entry><para>9. Yìbăi</para></entry><entry><para>10.Sānshíbā</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect4><sect4><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76743_1993127563"/>B. Transcribe the following sentences into characters, then translate the tongue twister into English. Click to see if you are right.</title><para/><para> Shí shì shí. Sì shí sì. Shísì bú shì sìshí. Sìshí bú shì shísì.</para><para/><para>Key: 十是十, 四是四。十四不是四十, 四十不是十四。</para><para>Key: Ten is ten. Four is four. Fourteen is not forty, forty is not fourteen.</para><para/></sect4></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76745_1993127563"/>2. Tag question 好吗</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>我们去宿舍找他, 好吗？好。可是你知道他的宿舍在哪儿吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>我的书不在这儿。我用一下你的书, 好吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>这儿的茶不好。我们喝咖啡, 好吗？对不起, 我不喝咖啡。</para></listitem><listitem><para>妈妈, 现在我看电视, 好吗？不行。为什么呢？不为什么。</para></listitem><listitem><para>我们去他那儿玩儿, 好吗？不行, 不行。他那儿很脏。</para></listitem></orderedlist><orderedlist><listitem><para>Wŏmen qù sùshè zhăo tā, hăo ma？Hăo. Kĕshì nĭ zhīdao tā de sùshè zài năr ma?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏ de shū bú zài zhèr. Wŏ yòng yíxiàr nĭ de shū, hăo ma?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhèr de chá bù hăo. Wŏmen hē kāfēi, hăo ma？Duìbuqĭ, wŏ bù hē kāfēi.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Māma, xiànzài wŏ kàn diànshì, hăo ma？Bù xíng. Wèishénme ne？Bú wèishénme.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏmen qù tā nàr wánr, hăo ma？Bù xíng, bù xíng. Tā nàr hĕn zāng.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Let’s go to the dorm to look for him, OK？OK. But, do you know where his dorm is?</para></listitem><listitem><para>My book is not here. May use your book for a while?</para></listitem><listitem><para>The tea here is not good. Let’s drink coffee. Sorry. I don’t drink coffee.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Mom, can I watch TV now？No. Why？No reason.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Let’s go to his place for a visit, OK？NO, no. His place is very dirty.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76747_1993127563"/>3. The expression 一下:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>你现在用电话吗？我用一下, 好吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>长江在哪儿呢？我也不知道。看一下地图吧。</para></listitem><listitem><para>妈妈, 我的汉语书在哪儿呢？妈妈也不知道。你找一下, 好吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>王老师也在她哪儿吗？我不知道。你去看一下, 好吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>这茶不好。真的吗？我喝一下.....真的, 这茶不好。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nĭ xiànzài yòng diànhuà ma？Wŏ yòng yíxià, hăo ma?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Chángjiāng zài năr ne？Wŏ yĕ bù zhīdao. Kàn yíxià dìtú ba.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Māma, wŏ de Hànyŭ shū zài năr ne？Māma yĕ bù zhīdao. Nĭ zhăo yíxiàr, hăo ma?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wáng lăoshī yĕ zài tā nàr ma？Wŏ bù zhīdao. Nĭ qù kàn yíxià, hăo ma?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhè chá bù hăo. Zhēnde ma？Wŏ hē yíxià....zhēnde, zhè chá bù hăo.</para><para/></listitem></orderedlist><orderedlist><listitem><para>Are you using the phone now？May I use it?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Where is the Yangzte River？I don’t know, either. Let’s take a look at the map, OK?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Mom, where is my Chinese book？I don’t know, either. Can you look for it?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Is Teacher Wang also at her place？I don’t know. Go and take a look, OK?</para></listitem><listitem><para>This tea is not good. Really？Let me try?True, the tea is not good.</para></listitem></orderedlist></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76749_1993127563"/>Lesson 12</title>12<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76751_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76753_1993127563"/>English</title><para>They Are Good Friend</para><para>A: Whose dictionary is this?</para><para>B: (It) is my dictionary. </para><para>A: Lend (it) to me, OK (May I borrow it)?</para><para>B: Sure. Hua Jiang, This is your pictorial. Judy asked me to return (it) to you. She said: “Thank you”.</para><para>A: Not at all. By the way, Where is Judy now?</para><para>B: She went to New York to see her mom today.</para><para>A: What is her mom’s phone number?</para><para>B: You want her mom’s number, why?</para><para>A: Do you know Heather？She teaches Judy French. She will come to our place tomorrow?</para><para>B: Are you serious？I don’t know Heather, but I know she is Judy’s good friend. If she comes tomorrow, Judy will be very happy.</para><para>A: Can you give me her mom’s number?</para><para>B: Ok, OK….her mom’s number is 212-857-0345.</para><para>A: 212-857-0345. Thanks.</para><para>B: You are welcome.</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76755_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>Review: P ny n </para><para> 她们是好朋友</para><para>甲: 这是谁的字典？</para><para>乙: 是我的字典。</para><para>甲: 借我, 好吗？</para><para>乙: 好的。江华, 这是你的画报。Judy 叫我还你。她说“谢谢”。</para><para>甲: 不客气。对了, Judy 现在在哪儿？</para><para>乙: 她今天去纽约看她妈妈。</para><para>甲: 她妈妈的电话是多少？</para><para>乙: 你要她妈妈家的电话, 为什么？</para><para>甲: 你认识 Heather 吗？她教 Judy 法文。她明天来我们这儿。</para><para>乙: 真的吗？我不认识 Heather, 可是我知道她是Judy 的好朋友。她明天来, Judy 一定很高兴。</para><para>甲: 你给我她妈妈的电话, 好吗？</para><para>乙: 好的, 好的....她妈妈的电话是 212-857-0345。</para><para>甲: 212-857-0345。谢谢。</para><para>乙: 不谢。 </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77859_1993127563"/> Traditional</title>Traditional<para>Review: P ny n </para><para> 她們是好朋友</para><para>甲﹕ 這是誰的字典？</para><para>乙﹕ 是我的字典。</para><para>甲﹕ 借我, 好嗎？</para><para>乙﹕ 好的。江華, 這是你的畫報。Judy 叫我還你。她說“謝謝”。</para><para>甲﹕ 不客氣。對了, Judy 現在在哪兒？</para><para>乙﹕ 她今天去紐約看她媽媽。</para><para>甲﹕ 她媽媽的電話是多少？</para><para>乙﹕ 你要她媽媽家的電話, 為什麼？</para><para>甲﹕ 你認識 Heather 嗎？她教 Judy 法文。她明天來我們這兒。</para><para>乙﹕ 真的嗎？我不認識 Heather, 可是我知道她是Judy 的好朋友。她明天來, Judy 一定很高興。</para><para>甲﹕ 你給我她媽媽的電話, 好嗎？</para><para>乙﹕ 好的, 好的....她媽媽的電話是 212-857-0345。</para><para>甲﹕ 212-857-0345。謝謝。</para><para>乙﹕ 不謝。</para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76757_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Tāmen Shì Hăo Péngyou</para><para>Jiă: Zhè shì shéide zìdiăn?</para><para>Yĭ: Shì wŏde zìdiăn.</para><para>Jiă: Jiè wŏ hăo ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Hăo de. Jiāng Huá, Zhè shì nĭde huàbào. Judy jiào wŏ huán nĭ. Tā shuō "xièxie".</para><para>Jiă: Bú kè qì. Duì le, Judy xiànzài zài năr?</para><para>Yĭ: Tā jīn tiān qù Niŭyuē kàn tā māma.</para><para>Jiă: Tā māma de diànhuà shì duōshăo?</para><para>Yĭ: Nĭ yào tā māma de diànhuà, wèishénme?</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ rènshi Heather ma？Tā jiāo Judy Făwén. Tā míngtiān lái wŏmen Zhèr.</para><para>Yĭ: Zhēnde ma？Wŏ bú rènshi Heather, kĕshì wŏ zhīdào tā shì Judy de hăo péngyou.Tā míngtiān lái, Judy yídìng hĕn gāoxìng.</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ gĕi wŏ tā de diànhuà, hăo ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Hăode, hăode....Tā māma de diànhuà shì èr yī èr-bā wŭ qī-líng sān sì wŭ.</para><para>Jiă: Er yī èr-bā wŭ qī-líng sān sì wŭ. Xièxie.</para><para>Yĭ: Bú xiè.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76759_1993127563"/>Text</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76761_1993127563"/>English</title><para>Judy Likes Reading Chinese Magazines</para><para>Judy is an American, she is learning Chinese at the Language Foreign Institute. Judy and Jiang Hua are good friends. Jiang Hua is Chinese. There are a lot of good Chinese magazines and books in her home. Judy likes reading Chinese magazines. She doesn’t like reading Chinese books. She often goes to Jiang Hua’s house to read Chinese magazines. There are many pretty illustrations in the Chinese magazines. She likes looking at the illustration. She also likes reading the Chinese characters. Some Chinese characters, she knows, some Chinese characters, she doesn’t know. If she runs into Chinese characters that she doesn’t know, Judy looks them up in the dictionary. Now Judy has learned a lot of new Chinese words.</para><para/><para>Jiang Hua lends Judy many good Chinese magazines. Judy likes news magazines and she also likes magazines about people. From magazines Judy learned a lot of things about China. She knows China is a big country. China has Beijing and Shanghai. China also has the Yangtz River and the Yellow River. Judy tells her dad and mom a lot of things of China. They are also very interested in China. They plan to come to China to travel next year. </para><para/><para>Judy tells Jiang Hua that she has another Chinese teacher—The Chinese magazines are her new Chinese teacher. </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76763_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para>Judy喜欢看中文杂志</para><para/><para>Judy是美国人, 她在外语学院学习中文。Judy和江华是好朋友。江华是中国人, 她家里有许多好看的中文杂志和书。Judy喜欢看中文杂志, 她不喜欢看中文书。她常常去江华家看中文杂志。中文杂志上有很多好看的图片。Judy喜欢看图片, 她也喜欢读汉字。有的汉字, Judy认识, 有的汉字, 她不认识。遇到不认识的汉字, Judy就查字典。现在, Judy认识了很多新的汉字。</para><para/><para>江华借给Judy许多好看的中文杂志。Judy喜欢新闻杂志, 也喜欢人物杂志。从杂志上, Judy了解了许多中国的事情。她知道, 中国是一个很大的国家。中国有北京和上海, 中国还有长江和黄河。Judy给她爸爸妈妈讲许多中国的事情。她的爸爸妈妈对中国也很感兴趣。他们打算明年来中国旅游。</para><para/><para>Judy告诉江华, 现在她又有了一个中文老师――中文杂志就是她的新老师。</para><para> </para><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76765_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>Judy喜歡看中文雜誌</para><para/><para>Judy是美國人, 她在外語學院學習中文。Judy和江華是好朋友。江華是中國人, 她家裏有許多好看的中文雜誌和書。Judy喜歡看中文雜誌, 她不喜歡看中文書。她常常去江華家看中文雜誌。中文雜誌上有很多好看的圖片。Judy喜歡看圖片, 她也喜歡讀漢字。有的漢字, Judy認識, 有的漢字, 她不認識。遇到不認識的漢字, Judy就查字典。現在, Judy認識了很多新的漢字。</para><para/><para>江華借給Judy許多好看的中文雜誌。Judy喜歡新聞雜誌, 也喜歡人物雜誌。從雜誌上, Judy瞭解了許多中國的事情。她知道, 中國是一個很大的國家。中國有北京和上海, 中國還有長江和黃河。Judy給她爸爸媽媽講許多中國的事情。她的爸爸媽媽對中國也很感興趣。他們打算明年來中國旅遊。</para><para/><para>Judy告訴江華, 現在她又有了一個中文老師――中文雜誌就是她的新老師。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76767_1993127563"/> Pinyin</title>Pinyin<para>Judy Xǐhuan Kàn Zhōngwén Zázhì</para><para>Judy shì Měiguórén, tā zài wài yǔ xué yuàn xuéxí Zhōngwén. Judy hé Jiāng Huá shì hǎo péngyou. Jiāng Huá shì Zhōngguórén, tā jiālǐ yǒu xǔduō hǎokàn de zhōngwén zázhì hé shū.Judy xǐhuan kàn zhōng wén zázhì, tā bù xǐhuan kàn zhōng wén shū.Tā chángcháng qù Jiāng Huá jiā kàn zhōngwén zázhì. Zhōngwén zázhì shàng yǒu hěn duō hǎokàn de túpiàn. Judy xǐhuan kàn túpiàn, tā yě xǐhuan dú Hànzì. Yǒude Hànzì, Judy rènshi, yǒude Hànzì, tā bù rènshi. Yùdào bù rèn shí de Hànzì, Judy jiù chá zìdiǎn. Xiànzài, Judy rènshi le hěn duō xīn de Hànzì.</para><para/><para>Jiāng Huá jiè gěi Judy xǔduō hǎokàn de Zhōngwén zázhì.Judy xǐhuan xīnwén zázhì, yě xǐhuan rénwù zázhì. Cóng zázhì shàng, Judy liǎojiě le xǔduō Zhōngguó de shì qíng.Tā zhīdao, Zhōngguó shì yí gè hěn dà de guójiā. Zhōngguó yǒu Běijīng hé Shànghǎi, Zhōngguó hái yǒu Cháng Jiāng hé Huáng Hé. Judy gěi tā bàba māma jiǎng xǔduō Zhōngguó de shì qíng. Tā de bàba māma duì Zhōngguó yě hěn gǎn xìngqù. Tāmen dǎsuan míngnián lái Zhōngguó lǚyóu.</para><para/><para>Judy gàosu Jiāng Huá, xiànzài tā yòu yǒu le yí gè zhōng wén lǎoshī――Zhōngwén zázhì jiù shì tā de xīn lǎo shī.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76769_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>字典</para></entry><entry><para>zìdiăn</para></entry><entry><para>n</para></entry><entry><para>dictionary</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>画报 ( 畫報 )</para></entry><entry><para>huàbào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>pictorial</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>纽约 ( 紐約 )</para></entry><entry><para>Niŭyuē</para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>New York</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>明天</para></entry><entry><para>míngtiān</para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>tomorrow</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>借 .</para></entry><entry><para>jiè</para></entry><entry><para>v</para></entry><entry><para>to lend</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>还 ( 還 )</para></entry><entry><para>huán</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to return (a thing)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>给 ( 給 )</para></entry><entry><para>gĕi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to give</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>认识 ( 認識 )</para></entry><entry><para>rènshi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to know, to recognize</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>要</para></entry><entry><para>yào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to want</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>教</para></entry><entry><para>jiāo</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to teach</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>读(讀)</para></entry><entry><para>dú</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to read</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>了解(瞭解)</para></entry><entry><para>liǎojiě</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to know</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>查</para></entry><entry><para>chá</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to check</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>遇</para></entry><entry><para>yù</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to encounter</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>人物</para></entry><entry><para>rénwù</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>character</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>事情</para></entry><entry><para>shìqing</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>business</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>讲(講)</para></entry><entry><para>jiǎng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to say</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>兴趣(興趣)</para></entry><entry><para>xìngqu</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>interest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>打算</para></entry><entry><para>dǎsuan</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to plan</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>旅游(旅遊)</para></entry><entry><para>lǚyóu</para></entry><entry><para>v./n.</para></entry><entry><para>to travel</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>告诉(告訴)</para></entry><entry><para>gàosu</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to tell</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76771_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76773_1993127563"/>1. Verbal constructions in series:</title><para/><para>Verbal constructions in series are often seen in Chinese sentences. The verbs 来 (lái) and 去 (qù) are two verbs used often in such constructions. For example:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>她 去 看她妈妈。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā qù kàn tā māma.</para></entry><entry><para>She went to see her mom.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>v1 v2</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>In the example, the second verb expresses the purpose of the action intended by the first verb, but there is no grammatical feature between the two verbs to mark the subordination. Between the verbs, a place word can be inserted to specify the location where the intended action takes place. For instance:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>我来纽约学经济。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ lái Niŭyuē xué Jīngjì.</para></entry><entry><para>I came to NY to study Economics.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>If you want to negate the sentence, the negation falls before the first verb:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>我不去喝茶</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ bú qù hē chá.</para></entry><entry><para>I won’t go to have tea.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我不去北京学中文。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ bú qù Bĕijīng xué Zhōngwén.</para></entry><entry><para>I won’t go to Beijing to study Chinese.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76775_1993127563"/>2. Double objects:</title><para>Some transitive verbs take two objects: a direct object ( usuallyreferring to a thing), and an indirect object (usually referring to a person). No function word is used between the two objects, but their order is fixed: The indirect object is followed by the direct object, and never the other way around:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>他借我画报。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā jiè wŏ huàbào.</para></entry><entry><para>He lends me the pictorials.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她给我你的电话。</para></entry><entry><para>Tā gĕi wŏ nĭ de diànhuà.</para></entry><entry><para>He gave me your phone (number).</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>Sentence Patterns with a predicate verbs taking double objects</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Predicate</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>noun/pronoun</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>indirect object (noun/pronoun)</para></entry><entry><para>Direct object (noun/noun phrase)</para></entry><entry><para>Particle</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>妈妈</para></entry><entry><para>给</para></entry><entry><para>美国学生</para></entry><entry><para>汉语书</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>江华</para></entry><entry><para>不还</para></entry><entry><para>王老师</para></entry><entry><para>什么</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>你</para></entry><entry><para>教</para></entry><entry><para>他们</para></entry><entry><para>法文</para></entry><entry><para>吗</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76777_1993127563"/>3. Pivotal construction:</title><para>Consider this sentence:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>她朋友请她喝咖啡。 </para></entry><entry><para>Tā péngyou qĭng tā hē kāféi.</para></entry><entry><para>Her friend invited her to have coffee.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>In this sentence, the underlined 她 is known grammatically as a “pivot”, and is the object of the first verb 请, and the subject to the second verb 喝 .This type of sentence is called a “pivotal construction”. </para><para> </para><para>There are a handful of verbs in the Chinese language, which can be used in pivotal constructions. Among them, we so far have learned 欢迎 (to welcome), 叫 (to ask), 请 (to invite) . </para><para/><para>For example:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>欢迎 你 来 我们 学院 学电脑。</para></entry><entry><para>Huānyíng nĭ lái wŏmen xuéyuàn xué diànnăo, </para></entry><entry><para>(We) welcome you to come to our college to study Computer Science.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>她叫我今天去纽约。 </para></entry><entry><para>Tā jiào wŏ jīntiān qù Niŭyuē.</para></entry><entry><para>She asked me to go New York today.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>The summery of pivotal construction:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="7"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><colspec colnum="6" colname="c6"/><colspec colnum="7" colname="c7"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>+</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>+</para></entry><entry><para>Pivot</para></entry><entry><para>+</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我</para></entry><entry><para>+</para></entry><entry><para>请</para></entry><entry><para>+</para></entry><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para>+</para></entry><entry><para>来</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76779_1993127563"/>4. The difference between 知道 and 认识:</title><para/><para>认识 emphasizes the ability to identify a person or thing as being this and not that. It means to distinguish, recognize and understand the difference. It also means ‘to be acquainted with’.</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>你认识她吗？认识。她是我弟弟的朋友。</para></entry><entry><para>Nĭ rènshi tā ma？Rènshi. Tā shì wŏ dìdì de péngyou.</para></entry><entry><para>Do you recognize (Are you acquainted with) her？Yes. She is my younger brother’s friend.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>知道 means to understand and to be aware of facts and priciples:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>我不认识 Judy, 可是我知道她是我弟弟的朋友。</para></entry><entry><para>Wŏ bú rènshi Judy, kĕshì wŏ zhīdao tā shì wŏ dìdì de péngyou.</para></entry><entry><para>I am not acquainted with Judy. But I know that she is my younger brother’s friend.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76781_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76783_1993127563"/>1. Verbal constructions in series:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>今天你去宿舍找你的中国朋友吗？不去。他们很忙。我也很忙。</para></listitem><listitem><para>江华, 我去喝咖啡。你也去吗？你去哪儿喝咖啡？去一楼。</para></listitem><listitem><para>明天我去纽约看妈妈。你妈妈好吗?她很好。谢谢。</para></listitem><listitem><para>谁去外语学院借画报？世海说他去。太好了。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你来这儿学汉语吗？不, 我来这儿看长城。中国的长城真长。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Jīntiān nĭ qù sùshè zhăo nĭ de Zhōngguó péngyou ma？Bú qù. Tāmen hĕn máng. Wŏ yĕ hĕn máng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Jiānghuá, wŏ qù hē kāfēi. Nĭ yĕ qù ma？Nĭ qù năr hē kāfēi？Qù yī lóu.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Míngtiān wŏ qù Niŭyuē kàn māma. Nĭ māma hăo ma？Tā hĕn hăo, xièxie.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Shéi/Shuí qù wàiyŭ xuéyuàn jiè huàbào？Shìhăi shuō tā qù. Tài hăo le.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ lái zhèr xué Hànyŭ ma？Bù, wŏ lái zhèr kàn Chángchéng. Zhōngguó de chángchéng zhēn cháng.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Will/did you go to the dorm to visit your Chinese friend today？No. They are/were busy, and I am/was busy, too.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Hua Jiang, I’m going to have (a cup of) coffee. Do you also (want to) go？Where are you going to have (your) coffee？(I’m) going to the 1st floor.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tomorrow I’ll go to NY to visit my mom. Is your mom OK？She is fine, thank you.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Who will go to the Foreign Languages Institute to borrow pictorials？Shihai says he will go. Wonderful.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Did you come here to study Chinese？No. I came here to see the Great Wall. China’s Great Wall is really long.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76785_1993127563"/>2. Pivotal Constructions:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>王老师叫你去她那儿。为什么？我不知道。</para></listitem><listitem><para>我请你们明天来我宿舍玩。我们一定去。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你爸爸妈妈欢迎我去他们那儿吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>谁叫你们来这儿借书？我们老师。你们老师姓什么？姓谢。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Wáng lăoshī jiào nĭ qù tā nàr. Wèishénme？Wŏ bù zhīdao.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏ qĭng nĭmen míngtiān lái wŏ sùshè wánr. Wŏmen yídìng qù.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ bàba māma huānyíng wŏmen qù tāmen nàr ma?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Shéi/Shuí jiào nĭmen lái zhèr jièshū？Wămen lăoshī. Nĭmen lăoshī xìng shénme？Xìng Xiè.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Teacher Wang asked you to go to her place. Why？I don’t know.</para></listitem><listitem><para>I’m inviting you to come to my dorm for a visit tomorrow. We will certainly go.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Do your parents welcome us to their place?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Who asked/told you to come here borrow books？Our teacher. What is your teacher’s last name？ His/her last name is Xie.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76787_1993127563"/>Lesson 13</title>3<para/><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76789_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76791_1993127563"/>English</title><para>Do You Know Him?</para><para>A: Look! Is that a Chinese person？</para><para>B: No.He is Korean. </para><para>A: Do you know him？</para><para>B: Yes. We are neighbors. He lives in student dorm No.15 on the 3rd floor. I live in No.17 on the 3rd floor. </para><para>A: What is his name？</para><para>B: His name is Tony. He also studies Chinese. </para><para>A: He is cool. Introduce us to each, will you？</para><para>B: Sure. Hi, Tony, Please come here. </para><para>Tony: What’s up？</para><para>B: Let me introduce you: This is Jean, my classmate; This is Tony, my friend. </para><para>A: Hi. </para><para>Tony: Nice to meet you. </para><para>B: Tony, where are going?</para><para>Tony: I’m going to the bookstore to buy books.</para><para>A: We are also going the bookstore to buy pens and paper. Let’s go together. Look, is that a campus bus？</para><para>B: Yes. Let’s go by bus. </para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76793_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para/><para>你认识不认识他？</para><para>甲: 你看, 那是不是中国人？</para><para>乙: 不是。他是韩国人。 </para><para>甲: 你认识不认识他？ </para><para>乙: 认识。我们是邻居。他住学生宿舍3楼15号, 我住3楼17号。 </para><para>甲: 他叫什么名字？</para><para>乙: 他叫Tony。他也学习汉语。</para><para>甲: 他很帅。介绍我们认识, 好吗？</para><para>乙: 好的。喂, Tony, 请你来一下。</para><para>Tony：什么事儿？</para><para>乙 : 我介绍一下：这是Jean, 我的同学, 这是Tony, 我的朋友。</para><para>甲 : 你好。</para><para>Tony：认识你很高兴。</para><para>甲: Tony, 你去哪儿？</para><para>Tony：我去书店买书。</para><para>甲: 我们也去书店买纸和笔。我们一起去吧。看, 那是不是校车？</para><para>乙: 是。我们坐校车去吧。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76795_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para/><para>你認識不認識他？</para><para> 甲 ﹕ 你看, 那是不是中國人？</para><para>乙 ﹕ 不是。他是韓國人。 </para><para>甲 ﹕ 你認識不認識他？ </para><para>乙 ﹕ 認識。我們是鄰居。他住學生宿舍3樓15號, 我住3樓17號。 </para><para>甲 ﹕ 他叫什麼名字？</para><para>乙 ﹕ 他叫Tony。他也學習漢語。</para><para>甲 ﹕ 他很帥。介紹我們認識, 好嗎？</para><para>乙 ﹕ 好的。喂, Tony, 請你來一下。</para><para>Tony﹕什麼事兒？</para><para>乙 ﹕ 我介紹一下﹕這是Jean, 我的同學, 這是Tony, 我的朋友。</para><para>甲 ﹕ 你好。</para><para>Tony﹕認識你很高興。</para><para>甲 ﹕ Tony, 你去哪兒？</para><para>Tony﹕我去書店買書</para><para> 甲 ﹕ 我們也去書店買紙和筆。我們一起去吧。看, 那是不是校車？</para><para>乙 ﹕ 是。我們坐校車去吧。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76797_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Nĭ Rènshi Bú Rènshi Tā?</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ kàn, nà shì bú shì Zhōngguó rén?</para><para>Yĭ: Bú shì. Tā shì Hánguó rén.</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ rènshi bú rènshi tā? </para><para>Yĭ: Rènshi. Wŏmen shì línjū. Tá zhù xuéshēg sùshè sān lóu shíwŭ hào, wŏ zhù sán lóu shíqī hào.</para><para>Jiă: Tā jiào shénme míngzì?</para><para>Yĭ: Tā jiào Tony. Tā yĕ xuéxí Hànyŭ.</para><para>Jiă: Tā hĕn shuài. Jièshào wŏmen rènshi, hăo ma?</para><para>Yĭ: Hăode. Wèi, Tony, qĭng nĭ lái yíxià.</para><para>Tony: Shénme shìr?</para><para>Yĭ: Wŏ jièshào yíxià: Zhè shì Jean, wŏde tóngxué; zhè shì Tony, wŏde péngyou.</para><para>Jiă: Nĭ hăo.</para><para>Tony: Rènshi nĭ hĕn gāoxìng.</para><para>Yĭ: Tony, nĭ qù năr?</para><para>Tony: Wŏ qù shūdiàn măi shū.</para><para>Jiă: Wŏmen yĕ qù shūdiàn măi zhĭ hé bĭ. Wŏmen yìqĭ qù ba. Kàn, nà shì bú shì xiàochē?</para><para>Yĭ: Shì. Wŏmen zuò xiàochē qù ba.</para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76799_1993127563"/>Text</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76801_1993127563"/>English</title><para>She Asks What He Studies?</para><para/><para>Tony is Hua Jiang’s friend, and also his neighbor. They both live in the student dorm. Today, Tony is not busy. He is going to the post-office to buy stamps, and to the bookstore to buy books. Hua Jiang and his classmate Jean are also going to bookstore. They take the campus bus together to go to the bookstore. </para><para/><para>On their way, Jean asks Tony a lot of questions. She asks Tony what he studies. Tony says he studies Chinese and also studies Chemistry. Jean asks him why he studies Chinese. He says his mom is from Shanghai, China, so he studies Chinese.</para><para> </para><para>Jean asks Tony whether his parents are now in The United States. Tony says both his parents are in Korea. Jean told Tony her parents are Shanghainese too. She invites Tony to visit her family. Tony says he will certainly go (he is glad to go). </para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76803_1993127563"/>Simplified</title><para/><para>她问他学什么?</para><para>Tony 是江华的朋友, 也是他的邻居。他们都住学生宿舍。今天, Tony 不 忙, 他去邮局买邮票, 还去书店买书。江华和他的同学 Jean 也去书店。他们一起坐校车去书店。</para><para/><para>路上, Jean 问 Tony 很多问题。她问 Tony 学什么。Tony 说他学中文, 还学化学。Jean 问他为什么学中文。他说, 因为他妈妈是中国上海人, 所以他学中文。</para><para/><para>Jean 问Tony, 他爸爸妈妈现在在不在美国。Tony 说, 他爸爸妈妈都在韩国。Jean告诉Tony, 她爸爸妈妈也是上海人。她请 Tony 去她家玩儿。Tony 说他一定去。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76805_1993127563"/>Traditional</title><para>她問他學什麼?</para><para>Tony 是江華的朋友, 也是他的鄰居。他們都住學生宿舍。今天, Tony 不忙, 他去郵局買郵票, 還去書店買書。江華和他的同學 Jean 也去書店。他們一起坐校車去書店。</para><para/><para>路上, Jean 問 Tony 很多問題。她問 Tony 學什麼。Tony 說他學 中文, 還學化學。Jean 問他為什麼學中文。他說, 因為他媽媽是中國上海人, 所以他學中文。</para><para/><para>Jean 問Tony, 他爸爸媽媽現在在不在美國。Tony 說, 他爸爸媽媽都在韓國。Jean告訴Tony, 她爸爸媽媽也是上海人。她請 Tony 去她家玩兒。Tony 說他一定去。</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76807_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title><para>Tā Wèn Tony Xué Shénme?</para><para>Tony shì Jiāng Huá de péngyou, yě shì tāde línjū. Tāmen dōu zhù xuéshēng sùshè. Jīntiān Tony bù máng. Tā qù yóujū măi yóupiào, hái qù shūdiàn măi shū. Jiāng Huá hé tāde tóngxué Jean yě qù shūdiàn. Támen yìqǐ zuò xiàochē qù shūdiàn. </para><para/><para>Lùshàng, Jean wèn Tony hĕn duō wèntí. Tā wèn Tony xué shénme. Tony shuō tā xué Zhōngwén, hái xué Huàxué. Jean wèn tā wèishénme xué Zhōngwén. Tā shuō, yīnwèi tā māma shì Zhōngguó Shànghăi rén, suŏyǐ tā xué Zhōngwén. </para><para> </para><para>Jean wèn Tony, tā bàba māma xiànzài zài bú zài Mĕiguó？Tony shuō, tā bàba māma dōu zài Hánguó. Jean gàosù Tony, tā bàba māma yě shì Shànghăi rén. Tā qĭng Tony qù tā jiā wánr. Tony shuō tā yídìng qù.</para><para/><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76809_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>邻居(鄰居)</para></entry><entry><para>línjū</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>neighbor</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>事儿(事兒)</para></entry><entry><para>shìr</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>matter, </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>书店(書店)</para></entry><entry><para>shūdiàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>bookstore</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>问题(問題)</para></entry><entry><para>wèntí</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>question, problem</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>纸(紙)</para></entry><entry><para>zhǐ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>paper</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>笔(筆)</para></entry><entry><para>bǐ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>pen</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>校车(校車)</para></entry><entry><para>xiàochē</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>campus bus, school bus</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>邮局(郵局)</para></entry><entry><para>yóujú</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>post-office</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>邮票(郵票)</para></entry><entry><para>yóupiào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>stamp</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>化学(化學)</para></entry><entry><para>huàxué</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Chemistry</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>家</para></entry><entry><para>jiā</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>family, home</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学习(學習)</para></entry><entry><para>xuéxí</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to study, to learn</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>买(買)</para></entry><entry><para>mǎi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to buy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>问(問)</para></entry><entry><para>wèn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to ask</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>告诉(告訴)</para></entry><entry><para>gàosu</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to tell</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>介绍(介紹)</para></entry><entry><para>jièshào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to introduce, to recommend</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>帅(帥)</para></entry><entry><para>shuài</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>cool</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>多</para></entry><entry><para>duō</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>many</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一起(一起)</para></entry><entry><para>yìqǐ</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>together</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>因为(因爲)</para></entry><entry><para>yīnwèi</para></entry><entry><para>conj.because</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>所以</para></entry><entry><para>suǒyǐ</para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>so</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76811_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76813_1993127563"/>1. Affirmative-negative questions:</title>1. <para/><para>We have learned that to form a simple question in Mandarin Chinese, we can just adding the question particle 吗 to a statement, without making any change in the word order. For example:</para><para/><para>你是中国人吗？</para><para/><para>Another way of framing questions is by putting together the affirmative and negative forms of the verb. For example:</para><para/><para>你 是不是 中国人？ Are(or aren’t) you Chinese?</para><para>Aff. Neg.</para><para>她 去不去 台湾？ Will she (or won’t she) go to Taiwan?</para><para/><para>If the verb consistes of two syllables such as 认识, , 学习, there are two</para><para>ways to make up the affirmative-negative:</para><para/><para>1. 认识不认识 学习不学习 介绍不介绍 </para><para>2. 认不认识 学不学习 介不介绍 </para><para/><para>If the verb, no matter whether it is monosyllabic or disyllabic, is modified by an adverb such as 都, 也, 很, there is no way to form an affirmative-negative question. One exception is with the adverb 常. When 常 modifies a verb, the affirmative-negative form falls on 常 instead of the verb. For example:</para><para> </para><para>你常不常去看你妈妈？ Do you often (or not) go to visit your mom?</para><para/><para>When there are verbal constructions in series in the sentence, the first verb is always the one used to form an affirmative-negative question. </para><para/><para>For instance: </para><para/><para>她来不来这儿看电视？ Will (or won’t) she come here to watch TV？</para><para>你们坐不坐车去？ Do (or don’t) you go by bus?</para><para/><para>To moderate the tone, 呢 or 啊 can be used at the end of an affirmative-negative question. </para><para>For example:</para><para/><para>美国车好不好呢？ Is an American car good (or not good)?</para><para>你说不说啊？ Will you (or won’t you) speak?</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76815_1993127563"/>2. Indirect questions:</title>2. <para/><para>It is relatively easy to form an indirect question in Chinese. You just insert the clause carrying the question in the outer frame, as if it were being quoted. </para><para/><para>For example:</para><para/><para>她问："谁是中国人？" 她问谁是中国人。 She asks who is Chinese.</para><para>老师问我："你喜欢什么？" 老师问我你喜欢什么。 The Teacher asked me what you like</para><para/><para>There are no shifts and turns in word order. Simply take off the quotation mark, and change the question mark into a period. Some more examples:</para><para/><para>妈妈问："你为什么不喝咖啡？" 妈妈问你为什么不喝咖啡。 Mom asked why you don’t drink coffee.</para><para/><para>哥哥问我："妈妈的朋友住哪儿？" 哥哥问我妈妈的朋友住哪儿。 Older brother asked me where mom’s friend lives.</para><para/><para> But if you want to turn a direct simple question into an indirect simple question, you must change a question having the particle 吗 into affirmative-negative format.</para><para/><para>For example:</para><para/><para>她问我："老师忙吗？" 她问我老师忙不忙。 She asked me whether the teacher is busy.</para><para/><para>江华问我 ："你认识她吗？" 江华问我(我)认识不认识她。 Hua Jiang asked me if I know her.</para><para> </para><para>我问她："你哥哥吸烟吗？" 我问她哥哥吸不吸烟 I asked her whether her older brother smokes.</para><para/><para>You can also see that that there is no equivalent in Chinese of “if” or “whether”.</para><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76817_1993127563"/>3. The conjunctions 因为, 所以:</title><para/><para>因为 (yīnwèi) is an equivalent of English “because”, which introduces a clause of reason, cause, etc. For example:</para><para/><para>她常常去纽约, 因为她的爸爸妈妈在纽约。 Tā chángcháng qù Niŭyuē, yīnwèi tā de bàba māma zài Niŭyuē. She goes to New York often, because her parents are in New York.</para><para/><para>所以 (suŏyǐ is an equivalent of English “so”, which introduces a clause of result, effect, etc. For example:</para><para/><para>他常常说中文, 所以他的中文很好。 Tā chángcháng shuō Zhōngwén, suŏyǐ tā de Zhōngwén hĕn hăo. He speaks Chinese all the time, that’s why his Chinese is good.</para><para/><para>In Mandarin Chinese, the conjunctions 因为, 所以 can appear as a pair in a sentence.</para><para>When they work together, 因为always goes first to give a reason or cause, and 所以 always follows to present an outcome, or an effect. For example:</para><para/><para>因为我很忙, 所以今天不看电视。 Yīnwèi wǒ hĕn máng, suŏyǐ jīntiān bú kàn diànshì. I’m busy, so I won’t watch TV today.</para><para/><para>因为我是她哥哥, 所以我知道她不喜欢玩电脑。 Yīnwèi wǒ shì tā gēge, suŏyǐ wǒ zhīdao tā bù xĭhuan wán diànnăo. Because I’m her older brother, I know she doesn’t like to play computer.</para><para/></sect3></sect2><sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76819_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title><para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76821_1993127563"/>1. Affirmative-negative questions:</title>1. A<para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>今天你忙不忙？不忙, 你呢？我也不忙。我们去纽约玩儿, 好吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>这是不是你的车？不是。我的车是美国车。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你弟弟也住宿舍吗？对了。他住六楼。我住四搂。</para></listitem><listitem><para>你常不常去看你妈妈？不常。可是我妈妈常来这儿看我。</para></listitem><listitem><para>请问, 王老师在不在？在。请进, 请坐, 请喝茶。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Jīntiān nǐ máng bù máng？Bù máng, nǐ ne？Wǒ yě bù máng. Wŏmen qù niŭyuē wánr, hăo ma?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhè shì bú shì nĭde chē？Bú shì. Wŏde chē shì Mĕiguóchē. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Nǐ dìdi yě zhù sùshè ma？Duìle. Tā zhù liù lóu, wǒ zhù wǔ lóu.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nǐ cháng bú cháng qù kàn nǐ māma？Bù cháng. Kĕshǐ wǒ māma cháng lái zhèr kàn wǒ. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Qĭngwèn, Wáng lăoshī zài bú zài？Zài. Qĭng jìn, qĭng zuò, Qĭng hē chá.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Are you busy today？No, and you？I’m not busy either. Let’s go to New York to have fun, OK?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Is this your car？No. My car is American-made.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Does your younger brother also live in the dorm？Yes. He lives on the 6th floor, and I live on the 4th.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Do you often go to see your mom？No. But she comes here to visit me all the time.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Excuse me, Is Teacher Wang in？Yes. Come in, please. Sit down, please. Have some tea, please.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para> </para></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76823_1993127563"/>2. Indirect questions:</title>2. <para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>大夫问我喜欢喝什么茶。我说我喜欢喝中国茶。她说喝茶好。</para></listitem><listitem><para>她问你, 你妈妈的电话是多少。请告诉她, 我也不知道。</para></listitem><listitem><para>王老师问我, 为什么不学中文。我说我很忙。</para></listitem><listitem><para>她妈妈问我, 你吸不吸烟。我说, 现在的学生都不吸烟。她说："真的吗？"</para></listitem><listitem><para>她哥哥问她, 她的朋友是不是美国人。她说不是。她告诉她哥哥, 她的朋友是韩国人。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Dàifu wèn wǒ xĭhuān hē shénme chá？Wǒ shuō wǒ xĭhuān hē Zhōngguó chá. Tā shō hē chá hăo.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā wèn nǐ, nǐ māma de diànhuà shì duōshăo. Qĭng gàosù tā, wǒ yě bù zhīdào.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wáng lăoshī wèn wǒ, wèishénme bù xué Zhōngwén. Wǒ shuō wǒ hĕn máng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā māma wèn wǒ, nǐ xī bù xīyān. Wǒ shuō xiànzài de xuéshēng dōu bù xīyān. Tā shu:“Zhēnde ma?”</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā gēge wèn tā, tāde péngyou shì bú shì Mĕiguórén. Tā shuō bú shì. Tā gàosù tā gēge, tāde péngyou shì Hánguórén.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>The doctor asked me what tea I like to drink. I said I like Chinese tea. He said drinking tea is good.</para></listitem><listitem><para>She asked you what your mom’s phone number is. Please tell her I don’t know either.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Teacher Wang asked me why I didn’t study Chinese. I said I am busy.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Her mom asked me whether you smoke. I said nowadays’ students would not smoke. She said: “Really?”</para></listitem><listitem><para>Her older brother asked her whether her friend is American. She said no. She told her brother her friend is Korean. </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2></sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76825_1993127563"/>Lesson 14</title>
- <para/>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76827_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76829_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Do you have sisters?</para>
- <para/>
- <para> A: Do you have sisters?</para>
- <para>B: I have elder sisters. I do not have younger sisters.</para>
- <para>A: How many elder sisters do you have?</para>
- <para>B: I have one older sister.</para>
- <para>A: What does she do？</para>
- <para>B: She works at a bank. She is a bank clerk.</para>
- <para>A: Is your sister married?</para>
- <para>B: Yes. Her husband also works at a bank. He is a manager at the bank.</para>
- <para>A: Do your sister and her husband have children?</para>
- <para>B: Yes. The have two kids: a boy and a girl.</para>
- <para>A: Do you often visit your sister at her home?</para>
- <para>B: No. I miss them a lot, and often write to my sister. I told her: I have a good friend (who is) named Judy, and a American. My sister sends you her best regards.</para>
- <para>A: Thanks. Please also remember me to her and her family.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76831_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>你有姐妹吗 ?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 你有姐妹吗？</para>
- <para>乙: 我有姐姐, 我没有妹妹。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你有几个姐姐？</para>
- <para>乙: 我有一个姐姐。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你姐姐做什么工作？</para>
- <para>乙: 她在银行工作。她是银行的职员。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你姐姐有没有先生？</para>
- <para>乙: 有。她先生也在银行工作。他是银行的经理。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你姐姐和她先生有孩子吗？</para>
- <para>乙: 有。他们有两个孩子, 一男一女。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你常常去你姐姐家吗？</para>
- <para>乙: 不常。我想他们, 常常给姐姐写信。我告诉她：</para>
- <para> 我有一个好朋友叫 Judy, 是美国人。我姐姐问你好。 </para>
- <para>甲: 谢谢, 我也请你问她和她的家人好 。 </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76833_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>你有姐妹嗎？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 你有姐妹嗎？</para>
- <para>乙: 我有姐姐, 我沒有妹妹。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你有幾個姐姐？</para>
- <para>乙: 我有一個姐姐。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你姐姐作什麼工作？</para>
- <para>乙: 她在銀行工作。她是銀行的職員。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你姐姐有沒有先生？</para>
- <para>乙: 有。她先生也在銀行工作。他是銀行的經理。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你姐姐和她先生有孩子嗎？</para>
- <para>乙: 有。他們有兩個孩子, 一男一女。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你常常去你姐姐家嗎？</para>
- <para>乙: 不常。我想他們, 常常給姐姐寫信。我告訴她﹕</para>
- <para> 我有一個好朋友叫 Judy, 是美國人。我姐姐問你好。 </para>
- <para>甲: 謝謝, 我也請你問她和她的家人好 。 </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76835_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Nǐ Yŏu Jiĕmèi ma?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Jiă: Nǐ yǒu jiěmèi ma?</para>
- <para>Yǐ: Wǒ yǒu jiějie. Wǒ méi yǒu mèimei.</para>
- <para>Jiă: Nǐ yǒu jǐ gè jiĕjie?</para>
- <para>Yǐ: Wǒ yǒu yígè jiĕjie.</para>
- <para>Jiă: Nǐ jiějie zuò shénme gōngzuò?</para>
- <para>Yǐ: Tā zài yínháng gōngzuò. Tā shì yínháng de zhíyuán.</para>
- <para>Jiă: Nǐ jieĕjie yǒu méi yǒu xiānsheng？ </para>
- <para>Yǐ: Yǒu. Tā xiānshēng yě zài yínháng gōngzuò. Tā shì yínháng de jīnglǐ. </para>
- <para>Jiă: Nǐ jieĕjie hé tā xiānsheng yǒu háizi ma?</para>
- <para>Yǐ: Yǒu. Támen yǒu liăngge háizi: Yī nán yī nǚ. </para>
- <para>Jiă: Nǐ chángchang qù nǐ jiějie jiā ma?</para>
- <para>Yǐ: Bù cháng. Wǒ xiăng tāmen, chángchang gěiĕ jiĕjie xiěxìn.Wǒ gàosù tā: </para>
- <para>Wǒ yǒu yíge péngyou jiào Judy, shì měiguo rén. Wǒ jieĕjie wèn nǐ hăo.</para>
- <para>Jiă: Xièxie. Wǒ yě qǐng nǐ wèn tā hé tā de jiārén hăo.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76837_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76839_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Judy's Family</para>
- <para/>
- <para>My good friend’s family name is Dingman; (her) name is Judy, and (she) is an American. Judy studies Mandarin Chinese. Her Chinese name is known as Ding Renmei. We all call her Xiao Ding. </para>
- <para>There are Dad, Mom, a younger brother and a younger sister in Xiao Ding’s family. Xiao Ding’s Dad is an Engineer. Xiao Ding’s Mom is an English teacher. She has a lot of Chinese exchange students. Xiao Ding’s Dad and Mom are all busy. Often they are not home. Xiao Ding’s younger brother is a middle school student, and her sister is a grade school student. Xiang Ding’s family are all in Virginia. Xiao Ding is in New Jersey by herself. Xiao Ding misses her family a lot. </para>
- <para>Xia Ding studies in New Jersey. She has a lot of friends in New Jersey. Among Xiao Ding’s friends there are Europeans, Africans and also Asians. We are all her friends, and we are all her family. </para>
- <para>Now Xiao Ding studies Mandarin Chinese. Xiao Ding has a Chinese book, and a Chinese-English dictionary. She does not have Mandarin pictorials. She reads the book and the dictionary often. She told me: You are my teacher of Chinese; my book and my dictionary are also my teachers of Chinese. I have lots of teachers.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76841_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>Judy 的一家 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>我的好朋友姓 Dingman, 叫 Judy, 是美国人。Judy 学习汉语。她的中文名字, </para>
- <para>叫丁人美。我们都叫她小丁。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁家有爸爸, 妈妈, 弟弟和妹妹。小丁的爸爸是工程师。小丁的妈妈是英语老师。</para>
- <para>她有很多中国留学生。小丁的爸爸, 妈妈都很忙。他们常常不在家。小丁的弟弟是</para>
- <para>中学生, 妹妹是小学生。小丁一家都在佛吉尼亚。小丁一个人在纽泽西。小丁很想</para>
- <para>家。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁在纽泽西学习。她在纽泽西有很多朋友。小丁的朋友有欧洲人, 非洲人, 也有</para>
- <para>亚洲人。我们都是她的朋友。我们都是她的家人。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁现在学习汉语, 小丁有本汉语书, 一本汉英词典。她没有汉语画报。她常常看书, </para>
- <para>看词典。她告诉我：你是我的汉语老师；我的书, 我的汉英词典也是我的汉语老师。</para>
- <para>我学习汉语, 有很多很多老师。</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76843_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>丁人美的一家 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>我的好朋友姓 Dingman, 叫 Judy, 是美國人。Judy 學習漢語。她的中文名字, </para>
- <para>叫丁人美。我們都叫她小丁。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁家有爸爸, 媽媽, 弟弟和妹妹。小丁的爸爸是工程師。小丁的媽媽是英語老師。</para>
- <para>她有很多中國留學生。小丁的爸爸, 媽媽都很忙。他們常常不在家。小丁的弟弟是</para>
- <para>中學生, 妹妹是小學生。小丁一家都在佛吉尼亞。小丁一個人在紐澤西。小丁很想家。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁在紐澤西學習。她在紐澤西有很多朋友。小丁的朋友有歐洲人, 非洲人, 也有亞洲</para>
- <para>人。我們都是她的朋友。我們都是她的家人。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁現在學習漢語, 小丁有本漢語書, 一本漢英詞典。她沒有漢語畫報。她常常看書, </para>
- <para>看詞典。她告訴我: 你是我的漢語老師；我的書, 我的漢英詞典也是我的漢語老師。</para>
- <para>我學習漢語, 有很多很多老師。</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76845_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Judy de Yì Jiā </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Wŏde hăo péngyou xìng Dingman, jiào Judy, shì Měiguórén. Judy xuéxí</para>
- <para>Hànyǔ. Tā de Zhōngwén míngzì, jiào dīng rén měi. Wǒmen dōu jiào tā</para>
- <para>xiǎo dīng.</para>
- <para>xiǎo dīng jiā yǒu bàba, māma, dìdi hé mèimei. Xiǎo dīng de bàba shì </para>
- <para>gōngchéngshī. Xiǎo dīng de māma shì Yīngyǔ lǎoshī. Tā yǒu hěn duō </para>
- <para>Zhōngguó liúxuéshēng. Xiǎo dīng de bàba, māma dōu hěn máng. Tāmen </para>
- <para>chángcháng bùzài jiā. Xiǎo dīng de dìdi shì zhōngxuéshēng, mèimei </para>
- <para>shì xiǎoxuéshēng. Xiǎo dīng yījiā dōu zài fú jí ní yà. Xiǎo dīng yī</para>
- <para>gèrén zài niǔ zé xī. Xiǎo dīng hěnxiǎng jiā.</para>
- <para>Xiǎo dīng zài niǔ zé xīxué xí. Tā zài niǔ zé xī yǒu hěn duō péngyou. </para>
- <para>Xiǎo dīng de péngyou yǒu Ōuzhōu rén, Fēizhōurén, yěyǒu Yàzhōurén. </para>
- <para>Wǒmen dōu shì tā de péngyou. Wǒmen dōu shì tā de jiārén.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng xiànzài xuéxí Hànyǔ, xiǎo Dīng yǒu běn Hànyǔ shū, yì běn </para>
- <para>Hàn-Yīng cídiǎn. Tā méiyǒu Hànyǔ huàbào. Tā chángcháng kàn shū, kàn </para>
- <para>cídiǎn. Tā gàosu wǒ: Nǐ shì wǒ de Hànyǔ lǎoshī； Wǒ de shū, wǒ de </para>
- <para>Hàn-Yīng cídiǎn yě shì wǒ de Hànyǔ lǎoshī. Wǒ xuéxí Hànyǔ, yǒu hěn </para>
- <para>duō hěn duō lǎoshī.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76847_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para> </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>工作</para></entry><entry><para>gōngzuò</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>job, profession</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to work</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>作</para></entry><entry><para>zuò </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to do</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>想</para></entry><entry><para>xiǎng </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to miss</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有</para></entry><entry><para>yǒu </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to have, to posess</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>没</para></entry><entry><para>méi </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>negator for</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>妹 妹</para></entry><entry><para>mèimei</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>younger sister</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>姐 姐</para></entry><entry><para>jiějie </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>older sister</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>姐 妹</para></entry><entry><para>jiěimèi </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>female siblings</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>银 行</para></entry><entry><para>yíngháng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>bank</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>爱 人</para></entry><entry><para>àirén </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>spouse</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>书 店</para></entry><entry><para>shūdiàn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>bookstore</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>孩 子</para></entry><entry><para>háizi </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>children</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>写</para></entry><entry><para>xiě </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to write</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>信</para></entry><entry><para>xìn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>letter</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>给</para></entry><entry><para>gěi </para></entry><entry><para>prep.</para></entry><entry><para>to, for</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to give</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>告 诉</para></entry><entry><para>gàosu </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to tell</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>职 员</para></entry><entry><para>zhíyuán </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>staff member</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>工 程 师</para></entry><entry><para>gōngchéngshī </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>engineer</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>经 理</para></entry><entry><para>jīnglǐ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>manager, director</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>个</para></entry><entry><para>gè </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>measure word</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>本</para></entry><entry><para>běn </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>measure word</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>位</para></entry><entry><para>wèi </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>measure word</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>纽 泽 西</para></entry><entry><para>Niǔzéxī </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>place name: New Jersey</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>佛 吉 尼 亚</para></entry><entry><para>Fújíníyà </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>place name: Virginia</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76849_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76851_1993127563"/>1. The verb 有 (1)</title>
- <para> </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="1,636363636363636"><tbody><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><para>The verb 有 covers both possession and existence. In this unit, we learn 有 as possession: “to have” and “to possess”, e.g.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(1)我有姐姐。 </para></entry><entry><para>I have elder sisters.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(2)你有姐妹吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Do you have sisters.</para></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><para>The verb 有is negated by 没 : always 没有, never 不有.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(3)我没有妹妹。 </para></entry><entry><para>I don’t have younger sisters.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(4)他们都没有书。</para></entry><entry><para>None of them have books.</para></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><para>In a negative sentence, 有 can be omitted; e.g.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(5)他没(有 哥哥, 我也没(有)哥哥。</para></entry><entry><para>He does not have older brothers, neither do I.</para></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><para>The affirmative and negative question form of 有 is ...有没有 ...;</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(6)你有没有姐妹 ？</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>(7)他有没有汉语书？</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Sentence Patterns with 有 (1)</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Predicate</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>Noun/pronoun </para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>Noun/phrase</para></entry><entry><para>Particle</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 妈妈 </para></entry><entry><para>有</para></entry><entry><para>地图</para></entry><entry><para>吗</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 他 </para></entry><entry><para>没有</para></entry><entry><para>好的纸</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para> 姐姐 </para></entry><entry><para>有</para></entry><entry><para>孩子 </para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para> 妹妹 </para></entry><entry><para>没有</para></entry><entry><para>日本车</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76853_1993127563"/>2. Measure words:</title>
- <para> When a noun is counted, a measure word should be placed between the number and the noun:</para>
- <para> </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(1) 三个朋友</para></entry><entry><para>Three friends</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(2) 一个大夫 </para></entry><entry><para>One doctor</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(3) 十个姐妹 </para></entry><entry><para>Ten sisters</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> There are several dozen measure words in Chinese. Many nouns only take specific measure words. 个 is the most commonly used one. It can be used to quantify persons, things and sometimes, even units. </para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(4) 两个姐妹</para></entry><entry><para>Two sisters</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(5) 一个学院</para></entry><entry><para>One institute</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> 个 and 位 can both be used to quantify persons, but 位 is used with nouns of personal reference in a polite manner with the exception of 人. Therefore there is no such form as 一 位 人.</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(6) 一位老人</para></entry><entry><para>An old man</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(7) 一位小朋友</para></entry><entry><para>One little friend</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> 本 is used for bound copies such as books, magazines, etc.</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(8) 一本词典</para></entry><entry><para>One dictionary</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(9) 七本日语书 </para></entry><entry><para>Seven Japanese books</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> When a noun or a noun phrase is modified by demonstrative pronouns 这/那, or by the interrogative pronoun 哪, a measure world is usually present between the demonstrative and the noun or the noun phrase. </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(10) 这个车</para></entry><entry><para>This car</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(11) 哪个王老师</para></entry><entry><para>Which Teacher Wang</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> Such a construction may also include a number before the measure word:</para>
- <para> </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(12) 那三本英语书 </para></entry><entry><para>Those three English books</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76855_1993127563"/>3. 几 and 多 少 :</title>
- <para> 几 and 多少 both mean “how many” or “how much” in English. In usage, 几 applies to small numbers, while 多少 applies to numbers expected to be larger than 10. Grammatically they differ in that 几 always combined with a measure word, whereas after 多少, the measure word is optional; e.g.:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(13)你有几个姐姐 ？</para></entry><entry><para>How many older sisters do you have?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(14)他们有几个孩子 </para></entry><entry><para>How many children do they have?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(15)这个老师有多少(个)学生 ？</para></entry><entry><para>How many students does this teacher have?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76857_1993127563"/>4. 两and 二 :</title>
- <para> Both 两 and 二 mean “two”. When “two” is followed by measure word, 两 is used instead of 二 :</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(16) 两个人</para></entry><entry><para>Two persons</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(17) 两个孩子</para></entry><entry><para>Two children</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(18) 两本法语 画报</para></entry><entry><para>Two French pictorials</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76859_1993127563"/>5. Prepositional phrases modifying verbs:</title>
- <para> A prepositional phrase is a preposition followed by its object; e.g.:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(19) 在银行</para></entry><entry><para>At a bank</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(20) 在中国</para></entry><entry><para>In China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(21) 给她 </para></entry><entry><para>To her/for her</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> A prepositional phrase precedes the main verb of the sentence:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(22) 他 在 中 国 学 习</para></entry><entry><para>He studies in China.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(23) 我给她写信。</para></entry><entry><para>I write a letter to her.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> To form a negative sentence, 不 is placed before the prepositional phrase, and not before the main verb:</para>
- <para> </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(24) 他不在这儿喝茶。</para></entry><entry><para>He does not drink here.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para> Adverbs, such as 常, 都, 也, are also placed before the prepositional phrase.</para>
- <para> </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(25) 我常给他写信 。 </para></entry><entry><para>I write to him often.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Sentence Patterns with Prepositional Phrases</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="6"><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Predicate</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>Noun/pron.</para></entry><entry><para>Adverb</para></entry><entry><para>Prep. phrase</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>Noun/pronoun</para></entry><entry><para>Particle</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我</para></entry><entry><para>不</para></entry><entry><para>在家</para></entry><entry><para> 看</para></entry><entry><para>汉语书</para></entry><entry><para>吗 </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>老师 </para></entry><entry><para>也常常</para></entry><entry><para>在学院</para></entry><entry><para>住</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>爸爸</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>在商店</para></entry><entry><para>工作 </para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>给学生</para></entry><entry><para>介绍美国 </para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76861_1993127563"/>6. Prefix 小 and 老 :</title>
- <para> 小 (young) and 老 (old ) are prefixed to family names to form nicknames in less formal situations for both genders; whether one is 老 or 小 depends on one’s relative age and seniority within one’s social group.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76863_1993127563"/>7. The expression of 问 X好 </title>
- <para> 问 X好 is an expression used to ask someone to give one’s love or send one’s regards to a third person; e.g.:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(26) 问你爸爸好。</para></entry><entry><para>Best regards to your Dad.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(27) 问小丁好 。</para></entry><entry><para>Say “Hi” to Xiao Ding.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para> X 问你好 is used by the speaker when he/she gives the regards of a third person to the person spoken to.</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(28) 妈妈问你好 。 </para></entry><entry><para>Mom sends her love to you.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76865_1993127563"/>8. The expression of 一个人:</title>
- <para> 一个人 can also mean “by oneself” and “alone” in English. It is an adverbial phrase. When it is used to modify a verb, it proceeds the verb in a sentence.</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>(29) 老王一个人喝茶 。</para></entry><entry><para>Lao Wang drinks tea by himself.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(30) 你一个人看书吗 ？</para></entry><entry><para>Do you read alone?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76867_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76869_1993127563"/>1、The verb 有 (1)</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我 们 都 有 汉 英 词 典。 你 也 有 吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小 丁 有 男 朋 友。 她 的 男 朋 友 有 日 本 笔。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 们 都 没 有 孩 子。 你 有 没 有 孩 子？我 也 没 有。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>公 司 的 经 理 有 一 个 女 儿。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她 有 先 生 吗？有。 她 的 先 生 有 一 本 很 好 的 德 语 词 典。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>留 学 生 有 没 有 外 语 书？没 有。 他 们 都 没 有。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>好 人 有 车。 不 好 的 人 也 有 车。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>老 师 的 孩 子 都 有 纸 和 笔 吗？不 都 有。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏmen dōu yǒu Hàn-Yíng cídiăn. Nǐ yě yǒu ma？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng yǒu nán péngyou. Tā de nán péngyou yǒu Rìběn bǐ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tāmen dōu méi yǒu háizi. Nǐ yǒu méi yǒu háizi？Wǒ yě méi yǒu. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Gōngsī de jīnglǐ yǒu yíge nǚer.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā yǒu xiānsheng ma？Yǒu. Tā de xiānsheng yǒu yì běn hěn hǎo de Déyǔ cídiǎn .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Liúxuésheng yǒu méi yǒu wàiyǔ shū？Méi yǒu. Tāmen dōu méi yǒu .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Hǎo rén yǒu chē. Bù hǎo de rén yě yǒu chē. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lǎoshī de háizi dōu yǒu zhǐ hé bǐ ma？bù dōu yǒu. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>We all have Chinese-English dictionaries. Do you have one?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiao Ding has a boyfriend. Her boy friend has Japanese pens.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>None of them have children. Do you have any children？I don’t have any, either.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The manager of the company has a daughter.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Does she have a husband？Yes. Her husband has a very good German dictionary.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do the exchange students have foreign language books？No, none of them have one.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Good people have cars; bad people also have cars.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do all the teachers' chilren have paper and pens？Not all of them have paper and pens. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76871_1993127563"/>2、 Measure words:</title>
- <para>(1) quantification of nouns:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 有 两 个 中 国 朋 友 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 有 几 本 日 语 杂 志 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 有 多 少 人 ？十 八 个 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 的 老 师 有 几 个 孩 子 ？三 个 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 几 个 喝 咖 啡 ？几 个 喝 茶 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>三 本 是 汉 语 书 ； 两 本 是 日 语 书 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>六 十 个 是 亚 洲 人 ； 五 十 五 个 是 欧 洲 人 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>多 少 人 学 汉 语 ？七 十 八 个 。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā yǒu liǎngge zhōngguó péngyǒu. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ yǒu jǐ běn Rìyǔ zázhì？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐmen yǒu duōshǎo rén？shíbā gè. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ de lǎoshī yǒu jǐ gè háizi？sān gè. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐmen jǐ gè hē kāfēi？Jǐ gè hē chá？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Sān běn shì Hànyǔ shū; Liǎng běn shì Rìyǔ shū.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Liùshí gè shì Yàzhōu rén； Wǔshíwǔ gè shì Ōuzhōu rén. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Duōshǎo rén xué Hànyǔ？Qīshíbā gè. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>He has two Chinese friends. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many Japanese magazines do you have? </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many people do you have？Eighteen. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many children does your teacher have？Three.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many of you drink coffee？ How many drink tea?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Three are Chinese books; two are Japanese books.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Sixty are Asians; fifty-five are Europeans.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many people study Chinese？Seventy-eight.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>(2) specification of nouns:</para>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 两 本 书 不 是 汉 语 书。 你 有 没 有 汉 语 书？有。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>那 本 词 典 很 贵。 哪 本？那 儿 的 那 本 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 的 那 四 位 朋 友 都 是 中 国 人 吗？不 都 是 。 一 个 是 国 人, 三 个 是 日 本 人 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 个 学 院 的 图 书 馆 很 大； 这 个 学 院 的 宿 舍 也 很 大 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 位 先 生 姓 文, 叫 汉 生 。 他 的 太 太 人 很 好, 很 客 气 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè liǎng běn shū bù shì hàn yǔ shū. Nǐ yǒu méi yǒu hàn yǔ shū？yǒu. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nà běn cídiǎn hěn guì. Nǎ běn？nàr de nà běn. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ de nà sì wèi péngyou dōu shì Zhōngguó rén ma？Bù dōu shì. Yīge shì Zhōngguó rén, sānge shì Rìběn rén. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè gè xuéyuàn de túshūguǎn hěn dà; Zhè gè xuéyuàn de sùshè yě hěn dà. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè wèi xiānsheng xìng wén, jiào Hànshēng. Tā de tàitai rén hěn hǎo, hěn kèqì. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Those two are not Chinese books. Do you have Chinese books？Yes.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>That dictionary is expensive？Which one？That one over there.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are all those four friends of yours Chinese？Not all of them are. One is Chinese; three are Japanese.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The library of this college is very big, and the dorm of the college is also very big.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This gentleman’s family name is Wen, first name is Hansheng. His wife is very nice, very polite.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>3、 Prepositional phrases modifying verbs.</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我 妈 妈 现 在 在 家 工 作 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王 老 师 的 女 儿 在 这 儿 学 什 么 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 的 男 朋 友 一 个 人 去 图 书 馆 给 她 还 书 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 在 哪 儿 买 这 本 词 典 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 的 中 国 朋 友 常 常 给 他 写 信 吗 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 姐 姐 的 孩 子 在 哪 儿 学 习 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 太 太 在 银 行 做 什 么 工 作 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 常 去 那 个 书 店 给 谁 买 杂 志 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒ māma xiànzài zài jiā gōngzuò. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wáng lǎoshī de nǚr zài zhèr xué shénme?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā de nán péngyou yīge rén qù túshūguǎn gěi tā huán shū. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ zài nǎr mǎi zhè běn cídiǎn？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā de Zhōngguó péngyou chángcháng gěi tā xiě xìn ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ jiějie de háizi zài nǎr xuéxí？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ tàitai zài yínháng zuò shén me gōngzuò?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ cháng qù nà gè shūdiàn gěi shuí mǎi zázhì？ </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Now my mom works at home.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What does Teacher Wang’s daughter study here?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Her boyfriend went alone to the library to return books for her.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where did you buy this dictionary?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Does his Chinese friend write to him often?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where do your older sister’s children go to school?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What kind of work does your wife do at the bank?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Whom do you go often to the bookstore to buy books for?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76873_1993127563"/>4、 在 as a verb vs. 在 as a preposition:</title>
- <para>1.</para>
- <para>a) 你家在哪儿？</para>
- <para> v.</para>
- <para>b) 你在哪儿住？</para>
- <para>prep.</para>
- <para>2.</para>
- <para>a) 王大夫在三层三0八号。</para>
- <para> v.</para>
- <para> b) 王大夫在三层三0八号看书。</para>
- <para> prep.</para>
- <para>3.</para>
- <para>a) 中国在亚洲吗？</para>
- <para> v. </para>
- <para>b) 他爸爸现在在亚洲作什么？</para>
- <para> v.</para>
- <para>4. 那四个美国人现在在哪儿？在外语学院。他们在那儿作什么？在那儿教英语。 </para>
- <para> v. v. prep. prep.</para>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>a) Nǐ jiā zài nǎr?</para>
- <para>b) Nǐ zài nǎr zhù?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>a) Wáng dàifu zài sān céng sán lìng bā hào.</para>
- <para>b) Wáng dàifu zài sán céng sān lìng bā hào kàn shū. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>a) Zhōngguó zài Yàzhōu ma?</para>
- <para>b) Tā bàba xiànzài zài Yàzhōu zuò shénme？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nà sìge Měiguó rén xiànzài zài nǎr？zài wàiyǔ xuéyuàn. Tāmen zài nàr zuò shénme？ </para>
- <para>Zài nàr jiāo yīngyǔ.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>a) Where is your home?</para>
- <para>b) Where do you live?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>a) Doctor Wang is at #308 on third floor.</para>
- <para>b) Doctor Wang Reads at #308.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>a) Is China in Asia?</para>
- <para>b) Recently what does his dad do in Asia?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where are those four Americans now？At the Foreign Language Institute. What do they do there?</para>
- <para>(They) teach English there.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76875_1993127563"/>Lesson 15</title>
- <para/>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76877_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76879_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Is there a Department of East Asian Languages and Literature in your University?</para>
- <para> A: Are you a college student?</para>
- <para>B: Yes.</para>
- <para>A: Is there a Department of East Asian Languages and Literature in your university?</para>
- <para>B: Yes. And There are three academic disciplines in the East Asian Department: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.</para>
- <para>A: (Are you a student in the department?) </para>
- <para>A: Yes. I study Chinese in the department.</para>
- <para>B: How many teachers does the Chinese discipline have?</para>
- <para>A: I think (it) has ten.</para>
- <para>B: Are they all Chinese natives?</para>
- <para>A: Not all of them. There is one American. He teaches first year Mandarin Chinese, second year Chinese Grammar 语法, and also teaches third year Chinese literature.</para>
- <para>B: Is there a reading-room in the East Asian Department?</para>
- <para>A: Yes. Our reading-room isn’t big. I don’t often read in the reading-room. I often go to our college library to study. There is a East Asian Library in our library. There are a lot of East Asian language books, and literature books there; also there are dictionaries, magazines and newspapers.</para>
- <para>B: Really？That’s wonderful!</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76881_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>你们的大学有东亚语言文学系吗?</para>
- <para/>
- <para> "有" 字 句 (2)</para>
- <para/>
- <para> 甲: 你是不是大学生 ?</para>
- <para> 乙: 是啊 。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你们大学有东亚语言文学系吗 ？</para>
- <para>乙: 有。东亚系有三个学科 ：中文, 日文, 韩文 。</para>
- <para>甲: 是。我在东亚系学中文 。</para>
- <para>乙: 中文学科有几位老师 ？</para>
- <para>甲: 我想有十位 。 </para>
- <para>乙: 他们都是中国人吗 ？</para>
- <para>甲: 不都是。有一位美国人。他教一年级中文, 二年级中文语法, 还教二年级中国文学。 </para>
- <para>乙: 你们的东亚系有没有阅览室 ？</para>
- <para>甲: 有。我们的阅览室不大。我不常在阅览室看书。我常常去我们学院的图书馆学习。我们的图书馆有一个东亚馆。那儿有很多东亚语言书, 文学书, 还有词典, 杂志和报纸 。 </para>
- <para>乙: 真的吗？太好了!</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76883_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>你們的大學有東亞語言文學系嗎?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>“有” 字 句 (2)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 你是不是大學生 ?</para>
- <para>乙: 是啊 。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你們大學有東亞語言文學系嗎 ？</para>
- <para>乙: 有。東亞系有三個學科：中文, 日文, 韓文 。</para>
- <para>甲: 是。我在東亞系學中文 。</para>
- <para>乙: 中文學科有幾位老師 ？</para>
- <para>甲: 我想有十位 。 </para>
- <para>乙: 他們都是中國人嗎 ？</para>
- <para>甲: 不都是。有一位美國人。他教一年級中文, 二年級中文語法, 還教二年級中國文學。 </para>
- <para>乙: 你們的東亞系有沒有閱覽室 ？</para>
- <para>甲: 有。我們的閱覽室不大。我不常在閱覽室看書。我常常去我們學院的圖書館學習。我們的圖書館有一個東亞館。那兒有很多 東亞語言書, 文學書, 還有詞典, 雜誌和報紙 。 </para>
- <para>乙: 真的嗎？太好了!</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76885_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Nǐmen de Dàxué Yǒu Dōngyà Yǔyán Wénxué Xì ma?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Jiǎ: Nǐ shìbushì dàxuéshēng?</para>
- <para> Yǐ: Shì'a.</para>
- <para> Jiǎ: Nǐmen dàxué yǒu Dōngyà yǔyán wénxué xì ma?</para>
- <para> yǐ: Yǒu. Dōngyà xì yǒu sān gè xuékē：Zhōngwén, Rìwén, Hán wén.</para>
- <para> Jiǎ: Shì. Wǒ zài Dōngyà xì xué Zhōngwén.</para>
- <para> Yǐ: Zhōngwén xuékē yǒu jǐ wèi lǎoshī？</para>
- <para> jiǎ: Wǒ xiǎng yǒu shíwèi.</para>
- <para> Yǐ: Tāmen dōu shì Zhōngguórén ma？</para>
- <para> jiǎ: Bùdōu shì. Yǒu yī wèi Měiguórén. Tā jiāo yī niánjí Zhōngwén, èrniánjí Zhōngwén yǔfǎ, hái jiāo èrniánjí Zhōngguó wénxué. </para>
- <para> Yǐ: Nǐmen de Dōngyà xì yǒu méiyǒu yuèlǎnshì？</para>
- <para> jiǎ: Yǒu. Wǒmen de yuèlǎnshì bùdà. Wǒ bù cháng zài yuèlǎnshì kànshū. Wǒ chángcháng qù wǒmen xuéyuàn de túshūguǎnxué xí. Wǒmen de túshūguǎn yǒu yī gè Dōngyà guǎn. Nàr yǒu hěn duō Dōngyà yǔyán shū, wénxué shū, háiyǒu cídiǎn, zázhì hé bàozhǐ. </para>
- <para> Yǐ: Zhēn de ma？Tài hǎo le!</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76887_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76889_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>The East Asian Library</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Look, this is our library. This library is very big. The East Asian Library is on the library’s second floor. On the second floor there is the library. In addition, there are a language lab and a rest-room. </para>
- <para>In the East Asian library there are a lot of books. Also, there are a lot of East Asian newspapers, magazines, and pictorials. I know Teacher Gu in the East Asian Library. Teacher Gu is a Taiwanese. </para>
- <para>She teaches us Chinese characters and calligraphy. Teacher Gu’s calligraphy is really beautiful. I often go to the East Asian Library to see Teacher Gu writing Chinese characters. Teacher Gu is very nice. </para>
- <para>(She) teaches us writing characters; (she) also introduces Taiwanese exchange students to us. I meet many Taiwanese exchange students at the East Asian Library. They are my friends, and they are also my teachers of Mandarin Chinese. They teach me spoken Chinese and Grammar 语法, (they) tell me about Taiwan, and recommend new books, new magazines, and new dictionary to me. I am their friend, and also their teacher of English. I teach them spoken English and Grammar 语法; (I) tell them about the United States, and recommend English books, English magazines and newspapers to them. We learn from each other.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76891_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>东亚图书馆 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>看, 这是我们的图书馆。这个图书馆很大。东亚馆在图书馆的二楼。二楼有东亚馆, </para>
- <para>还有语言实验室和厕所。东亚馆有很多书, 还有很多东亚报纸, 杂志和画报。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>东亚馆有三个老师, 五个职员。这八个人不都是亚洲人。有两个是美国人。我认识</para>
- <para>东亚馆的古老师。古老师是台湾人。她教我们汉字和书法。古老师的书法真漂亮。</para>
- <para>我常常去东亚馆看古老师写字。古老师人很好, 教我们写字, 还给我们介绍台湾</para>
- <para>留学生。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>我在东亚馆认识很多台湾留学生。台湾留学生是我的朋友, 也是我的汉语老师。</para>
- <para>他们教我汉语口语和语法, 给我介绍台湾, 介绍新书, 新杂志和新词典。我是台</para>
- <para>湾留学生的朋友, 也是他们的英语老师。我教他们英语口语和语法, 给他们介绍</para>
- <para>美国, 介绍英文书, 英文杂志和英文报纸。我们互相学习。 </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76893_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>東亞圖書館 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>看, 這是我們的圖書館。這個圖書館很大。東亞館在圖書館的二樓。二樓有東亞館, </para>
- <para>還有語言實驗室和廁所。東亞館有很多書, 還有很多東亞報紙, 雜誌和畫報。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>東亞館有三個老師, 五個職員。這八個人不都是亞洲人。有兩個是美國人。我認識</para>
- <para>東亞館的古老師。古老師是台灣人。她教我們漢字和書法。古老師的書法真漂亮。</para>
- <para>我常常去東亞館看古老師寫字。古老師人很好, 教我們寫字, 還給我們介紹台灣</para>
- <para>留學生。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>我在東亞館認識很多台灣留學生。台灣留學生是我的朋友, 也是我的漢語老師。</para>
- <para>他們教我漢語口語和語法, 給我介紹台灣, 介紹新書, 新雜誌和新詞典。我是台</para>
- <para>灣留學生的朋友, 也是他們的英語老師。我教他們英語口語和語法, 給他們介紹</para>
- <para>美國, 介紹英文書, 英文雜誌和英文報紙。我們互相學習。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76895_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Dōng Yà Tú Shū Guăn</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Kàn, zhè shì wǒmen de túshūguǎn. Zhège túshūguǎn hěn dà. Dōngyà guǎn zài túshūguǎn de èrlóu. Èrlóu yǒu Dōngyà guǎn, hái yǒu yǔyán shíyànshì hé cèsuǒ. Dōngyà guǎn yǒu hěn duō shū, hái yǒu hěn duō Dōngyà bàozhǐ, zázhì hé huàbào. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dōngyà guǎn yǒu sān gè lǎoshī, wǔ gè zhíyuán. Zhè bā gèrén bùdōu shì Yàzhōurén. Yǒu liǎng gè shì Měiguórén. Wǒ rènshi Dōngyà guǎn de gǔlǎo shī. Gǔlǎo shī shì Táiwānrén. Tā jiāo wǒmen Hànzì hé shūfǎ. Gǔlǎo shī de shūfǎ zhēn piàoliang. Wǒ chángcháng qù Dōngyà guǎn kàn gǔlǎo shī xiězì. Gǔlǎo shī rén hěn hǎo, jiāo wǒmen xiězì, huángěi wǒmen jièshào Táiwān liúxuéshēng.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Wǒ zài Dōngyà guǎn rènshi hěn duō Táiwān liúxuéshēng. Táiwān liúxuéshēng shì wǒ de péngyou, yěshì wǒ de Hànyǔ lǎoshī. Tāmen jiāo wǒ Hànyǔ kǒuyǔ hé yǔfǎ, gěi wǒ jièshào Táiwān, jièshào xīnshū, xīn zázhì hé xīncí diǎn. Wǒ shì táiwān liúxuéshēng de péngyou, yěshì tāmen de Yīngyǔ lǎoshī. Wǒ jiāo tāmen Yīngyǔ kǒuyǔ hé yǔfǎ, gěi tāmen jièshàoMěiguó, jièshào Yīngwén shū, Yīngwén zázhì hé Yīngwén bàozhǐ. Wǒmen hùxiāng xuéxí. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76897_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para> </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>东亚(東亞)</para></entry><entry><para>Dōngyà </para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>East Asia</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>中文</para></entry><entry><para>Zhōngwén </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Chinese language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>语言(語言)</para></entry><entry><para>yǔyán </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>文学(文學)</para></entry><entry><para>wénxué </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>literature</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>系</para></entry><entry><para>xì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>academic department</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>韩文(韓文)</para></entry><entry><para>Hánwén </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Korean language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>教</para></entry><entry><para>jiāo </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to teach</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>语法(語法)</para></entry><entry><para>yǔfǎ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Grammar</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>阅览室(閱覽室 )</para></entry><entry><para>yuèlǎnshì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>reading-room</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>图书馆(圖書館 )</para></entry><entry><para>túshūguǎn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>library</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>杂志(雜誌)</para></entry><entry><para>zázhì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>magazine</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>真的吗(真的嗎)</para></entry><entry><para>Zhēnde ma </para></entry><entry><para>idiomatical exp.</para></entry><entry><para>Really?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>那儿(那兒)</para></entry><entry><para>nàr </para></entry><entry><para>pr.</para></entry><entry><para>there</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>楼(樓)</para></entry><entry><para>lóu </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>building, </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>实验室(實驗室)</para></entry><entry><para>shíyànshì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>lab</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>台湾(臺灣)</para></entry><entry><para>Táiwān place name</para></entry><entry><para>Taiwan</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>书法(書法)</para></entry><entry><para>shūfǎ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>calligraphy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>漂亮</para></entry><entry><para>piàoliang </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>beautiful</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>口语(口語)</para></entry><entry><para>kǒuyǔ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>spoken language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>互相</para></entry><entry><para>hùxiāng </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>mutually, </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学科(學科)</para></entry><entry><para>xuékē </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>academic discipline</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76899_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76901_1993127563"/>1. The verb 有 (2)</title>
- <para>We learned 有 as possession: “to have” and “to posses”: 我有姐姐 in Lesson 14. </para>
- <para>In this lesson, we learn 有 as existence: “there is/are”:</para>
- <para>(1) 中 国 有 很 多 人 。 There are a lot of people in China.</para>
- <para>(2) 那 儿 有 厕 所 吗 ？ Is there a restroom over there?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Sentence Patterns with 有 (2)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Subject Predicate </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Place name</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para> Noun/ noun phrase </para></entry><entry><para>Particle</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 美国</para></entry><entry><para>有/没有</para></entry><entry><para>德国车 </para></entry><entry><para>吗</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 这儿</para></entry><entry><para>有/没有</para></entry><entry><para>美国大夫 </para></entry><entry><para>吗 </para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 台湾</para></entry><entry><para>有/没有</para></entry><entry><para>日本茶 </para></entry><entry><para>吗</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 法国</para></entry><entry><para>有/没有</para></entry><entry><para> 很多图书馆</para></entry><entry><para>吗</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76903_1993127563"/>2. Double objects:</title>
- <para>Some transitive verbs take two objects: a direct object (referring to a thing), </para>
- <para>and an indirect object (referring to a person). No function word is used between</para>
- <para>the two objects, but their order is fixed: the indirect object is followed by the</para>
- <para>direct object, and never the other way around:</para>
- <para>(3) 他 教 我 中 文 。 He teaches me Chinese.</para>
- <para>(4) 谁 告 诉 你 我 的 名 字 ？ Who told you my name?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Sentence Patterns with a predicate verbs taking double objects</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Predicate</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>Noun/pronoun</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>Indirect object (noun/pronoun)</para></entry><entry><para>Direct object (noun/noun phrase)</para></entry><entry><para>Particle</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>妈妈</para></entry><entry><para>还教/不教</para></entry><entry><para>美国留学生</para></entry><entry><para>汉语</para></entry><entry><para>吗 </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>小丁</para></entry><entry><para>还教/不教</para></entry><entry><para>他们</para></entry><entry><para>语法 </para></entry><entry><para>吗</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para>告诉不告诉</para></entry><entry><para>王老师</para></entry><entry><para>那本新词典 </para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>你</para></entry><entry><para>告诉不告诉</para></entry><entry><para>我</para></entry><entry><para>你的英文名字 </para></entry><entry><para> </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76905_1993127563"/>3. The word order of modifiers:</title>
- <para>When a noun is modified, it is known as head noun; sometimes a head noun has more than one modifier. When a head noun has several modifiers, the modifiers should be arranged according to the following order:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Possessive noun/pronoun</para></entry><entry><para>Demonstrative pronoun</para></entry><entry><para>Numeral-measure word phrase</para></entry><entry><para>Descriptive adjective or noun head noun</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我的</para></entry><entry><para>那</para></entry><entry><para>三个</para></entry><entry><para>朋友 </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>东亚图书馆的</para></entry><entry><para>这</para></entry><entry><para>本</para></entry><entry><para>汉英词典</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们学院的</para></entry><entry><para>那</para></entry><entry><para>个</para></entry><entry><para>外文书店</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76907_1993127563"/>4.The verb 想 : </title>
- <para>We have learned 想 as “to miss”, e.g. 我想妈妈 --I miss mom. 想 also means ‘to suppose’, in English, and it usually has a clause as its object:</para>
- <para>(5) 我 想 东 亚 系 有 十 个 老 师 。 I think there are ten teachers in the East Asian Department.</para>
- <para>(6) 你 想 他 是 中 国 人 吗 ？ Do you think he is a Chinese?</para>
- <para>(7) 我 想 她 不 喝 茶 。 I don’t think she drinks tea.</para>
- <para>Notice that in English when you negate the supposition, you negate the main verb: “I DON’T think...”. </para>
- <para>In Chinese sentence, the negation appears in the following clause, for example:“.......她不喝茶”.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76909_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76911_1993127563"/>1. The verb 有 (2)</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>图 书 馆 的 三 楼 有 阅 览 室 。 一 楼 也 有 吗 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>日 本 有 没 有 中 国 烟 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>几 楼 有 厕 所 ？几 楼 有 阅 览 室 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>纽 泽 西 有 很 多 亚 洲 人 吗 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 儿 有 英 语 书, 没 有 中 文 书 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>上 海 现 在 有 很 多 外 国 留 学 生 吗 ？有, 有 很 多 美 国 留 学 生 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>外 语 系 有 没 有 韩 文 报 纸 ？没 有 。 东 亚 图 书 馆 有 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 外 语 系 有 几 个 学 科 ？五 个 : 德 文, 法 文, 日 文, 中 文, 和 韩 文 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Túshūguăn de sānlóu yŏu yuèlănshì？Yīlóu yě yŏu ma？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Rìbĕn yŏu méiyŏu Zhōngguóyān？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jĭlóu yŏu cèsuǒ？Jĭlóu yŏu yuèlănshì？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Niŭzéxī yŏu hĕnduó Yàzhōu rén ma？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhèr yŏu Yīngwén shū méiyŏu Zhōngwén shū.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shànghăi xiànzài yŏu hĕnduō liúxuéshéng ma？Yŏu, yŏu hĕnduó Mĕiguó liúxuéshēng. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wàiyǔxì yŏu méiyŏu Hánwén bàozhǐ？Méiyŏu, Dōngyà túshūguăn yŏu. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭmen wàiyǔxì yŏu jĭgè xuékē Wŭgè: Déwén, Făwén, Rìwén, Zhōngwén, hé Hánwén.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>There is a reading room on the third floor of the library. Is there also a reading room on the first floor？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are there any Chinese cigarettes in Japan?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>On which floor is there a restroom？And on which floor is there a readingroom？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are there many Asians in New Jersey？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>There are lots of English books here. There aren’t any Chinese books (here).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are there many exchange students in Shanghai now？Yes, there are lots of American exchange students. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are there any Korean newspapers in the Foreign Languages Department？No. The East Asian library has some. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many academic disciplines are there in your Department of Foreign Languages？Five: German, French, Japanese, Chinese and Korean. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76913_1993127563"/>2、Verbs taking two objects:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 问 你 什 么 ？ 他 问 我 两 个 汉 字 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>丁 小 姐 教 谁 汉 语 口 语 ？教 那 四 个 美 国 留 学 生 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>谁 告 诉 你 王 太 太 的 名 字 ？她 先 生 的 姐 姐 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 教 他 们 中 国 文 学 吗 ？我 不 教 。 老 谢 教 。 我 教 他 们 语 法 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王 大 夫, 汉 生 还 你 这 本 汉 语 书 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā wèn nǐ shénme？Tā wèn wǒ liăng gè Hànzì. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Dīng xiǎo jiě jiāo shuí hàn yǔ kǒu yǔ ？jiāo nà sì gè měi guó liú xué shēng . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shuí gào sù nǐ wáng tài tài de míng zì ？tā xiān shēng de jiě jiě . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ jiāo tā men zhōng guó wén xué ma ？wǒ bù jiāo . Lǎo xiè jiāo . Wǒ jiāo tā men yǔ fǎ . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wáng dài fū, Hàn shēng huán nǐ zhè běn hàn yǔ shū . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>What did he ask you？He asked me two Chinese characters.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>To whom does Miss Ding teach colloquial Chinese？(She) teaches those four American exchange students.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Who told you Mrs. Wang’s name？Hei husband’s older sister.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you teach them Chinese literature？No. Old Xie does. I teach them Grammar 语法.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Doctor Wang, Hansheng returns you this Chinese book.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76915_1993127563"/>3、 The word order for modifiers:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 东 亚 系 的 那 个 小 车 现 在 在 哪 儿 ？他 在 纽 泽 西 的 一 个 大 学 教 书 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 去 哪 儿 ？我 去 三 楼 的 那 个 语 言 实 验 室 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>谁常 常 给 你 介 绍 中 国 ？ 东 亚 馆 的 那 位 古 老 师 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>那 儿 的 那 位 小 姐 真 漂 亮 。 她 也 是 你 的 朋 友 吗 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>台 湾 大 学 外 语 系 有 多 少 外 国 老 师 ？ 很 多 。 他 们 都 常 常 去 图 书 馆 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>五 楼 的 那 个 阅 览 室 看 报, 看 杂 志 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>大 夫 去 哪 儿 喝 茶 ？去一 楼 的 茶 馆 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 给 谁 写 信 ？给 我 的 那 位 老 朋 友 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 去 图 书 馆 做 什 么 ？给 我 们 英 语 系 的 那 位 丁 小 姐 还 画 报 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ men dōng yà xì de nà gè xiǎo chē xiàn zài zài nǎr ？Tā zài niǔ zé xī de yī gè dà xué jiāo shū . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ qù nǎr ？Wǒ qù sān lóu de nà gè yǔ yán shí yàn shì . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shuí cháng cháng gěi nǐ jiè shào zhōng guó ？ Dōng yà guǎn de nà wèi gǔ lǎo shī . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nàr de nà wèi xiǎo jiě zhēn piào liàng . Tā yě shì nǐ de péng yǒu ma ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Táiwān dà xué wài yǔ xì yǒu duō shǎo wài guó lǎo shī ？ Hěn duō . Tā men dōu cháng cháng qù tú shū guǎn wǔ lóu de nà gè yuè lǎn shì kàn bào, kàn zá zhì . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Dài fū qù nǎr hē chá ？Qù yī lóu de chá guǎn . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ gěi shuí xiě xìn ？Gěi wǒ de nà wèi lǎo péng yǒu . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ qù tú shū guǎn zuò shén me ？Gěi wǒ men yīng yǔ xì de nà wèi dīng xiǎo jiě huán huà bào . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where is that young Che of your East Asian Department now？He is teaching in a university in New Jersey.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where are you going？To the language lab on the third floor.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Who often tells you about China？Teacher Gu of the East Asian Library.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The young lady over there is really beautiful. Is she also your friend?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many foreign teachers are there in the Foreign Languages Department at Taiwan University. Many. They all often go to the fifth floor reading room at the library to read newspapers and magazines.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where did the doctor go to have his tea？To the tea house on the first floor.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Who are you writing to？To that old friend of mine.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Why are you going to the library？To return the pictorial for that Miss Ding in our English Department.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76917_1993127563"/>4、想 as “to miss” vs. 想 as “to suppose”:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 妹 妹 一 个 人 在 中 国 。 她 想 家吗 ？ 我 想 她 很 想 家 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>英 语 语 言 文 学 系 有 多 少 老 师 ？ 我 想 有 八 十 个 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>老 谢 的 三 个 姐 姐 都 在 外 国 工 作 。 老 谢 很 想 她 们 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 的 法 文 真 漂 亮 。 我 想 他 是 法 国 人 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>图 书 馆 的 古 老 师 也 去 北 京 吗 ？我 想 她 不 去 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ mèi mèi yī gè rén zài zhōng guó . Tā xiǎng jiā ma ？ Wǒ xiǎng tā hěn xiǎng jiā .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yīng yǔ yǔ yán wén xué xì yǒu duō shǎo lǎo shī ？ Wǒ xiǎng yǒu bā shí gè .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lǎo xiè de sān gè jiě jiě dōu zài wài guó gōng zuò . Lǎo xiè hěn xiǎng tā men . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā de fǎ wén zhēn piào liàng . Wǒ xiǎng tā shì fǎ guó rén . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tú shū guǎn de gǔ lǎo shī yě qù běi jīng ma ？Wǒ xiǎng tā bù qù . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Your younger sister is in China all by herself. Is she homesick？I think she is.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many teachers are there in the Department of English Language and Literature？There are eighty, I suppose.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Old Xie’s three older sisters all work abroad. Old Xie misses them very much.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>His French is superb. I think he is a Frenchman.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Will Teacher Gu from the library also go to Beijing？I don’t think she will.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76919_1993127563"/>Lesson 16</title>
- <para/>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76921_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76923_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>That Pair of Pants is Not Mine</para>
- <para>The “de” Structure </para>
- <para/>
- <para>A: Look! That is the East Asian Library.</para>
- <para>B: How beautiful! Is it a new building?</para>
- <para>A: Yes. Lets go and have a look, OK?</para>
- <para>B: OK. Are we Going right now?</para>
- <para>A: Yes, right now.</para>
- <para>B: Wait a minute. I’d like to change pants.</para>
- <para>A: Isn’t this one alright?</para>
- <para>B: This one is too small. Not comfortable to wear.</para>
- <para>A: Uncomfortable？How about that one?</para>
- <para>B: Which one？Oh, This pair is not mine. (It) is my roommate’s.</para>
- <para>A: There are two pairs over there. Are these two yours?</para>
- <para>B: They aren’t mine, either. Mine are all here. Look... Between these two pairs, which one is better?</para>
- <para>A: The blue one is better. I like blue pants, (I) don’t like green pants.</para>
- <para>B: I don’t like the green pants, either.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76925_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>这条裤子不是我的</para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 你瞧! 那就是东亚图书馆。 </para>
- <para>乙: 真漂亮! 是新的吗？</para>
- <para> 甲: 是的。去看看, 好吗 ？</para>
- <para> 乙: 好。现在就去吗？</para>
- <para> 甲: 现在就去。 </para>
- <para> 乙: 等等。我换一条裤子。 </para>
- <para> 甲: 这条裤子不是很好吗？</para>
- <para> 乙: 这条太小了。不好穿。 </para>
- <para> 甲: 不好穿？那条怎么样？</para>
- <para> 乙: 哪条？噢, 这条不是我的, 是我室友的。 </para>
- <para> 甲：那儿还有两条。这两条是你的吗？</para>
- <para> 乙: 也不是。我的都在这儿。你瞧......这两条裤子哪条好 ?</para>
- <para> 甲: 蓝的好。我喜欢蓝裤子, 不喜欢绿裤子。 </para>
- <para> 乙: 我也不喜欢绿裤子。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76927_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>這條褲子不是我的 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 你瞧! 那就是東亞圖書館。 </para>
- <para> 乙: 真漂亮! 是新的嗎？</para>
- <para> 甲: 是的。去看看, 好嗎 ？</para>
- <para> 乙: 好。現在就去嗎？</para>
- <para> 甲: 現在就去。 </para>
- <para> 乙: 等等。我換一條褲子。 </para>
- <para> 甲: 這條褲子不是很好嗎？</para>
- <para> 乙: 這條太小了。不好穿。 </para>
- <para> 甲: 不好穿？那條怎么樣？</para>
- <para> 乙: 哪條？噢, 這條不是我的, 是我室友的。 </para>
- <para> 甲: 那兒還有兩條。這兩條是你的嗎？</para>
- <para> 乙: 也不是。我的都在這兒。你瞧......這兩條褲子哪條好 ?</para>
- <para> 甲: 藍的好。我喜歡藍褲子, 不喜歡綠褲子。 </para>
- <para> 乙: 我也不喜歡綠褲子。 </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76929_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Zhètiáo Kùzi Búshì Wŏde</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Jiǎ: Nǐ qiáo! Nàjiù shì Dōngyà túshūguǎn. </para>
- <para> Yǐ: Zhēn piàoliang! Shì xīn de ma？</para>
- <para> Jiǎ: Shìde. Qù kànkan, hǎo ma ？</para>
- <para> Yǐ: Hǎo. Xiànzài jiù qù ma？</para>
- <para> Jiǎ: Xiànzài jiù qù. </para>
- <para> Yǐ: Děngdeng. Wǒ huàn yī tiáo kùzi. </para>
- <para> Jiǎ: Zhè tiáo kùzi bù shì hěn hǎo ma？</para>
- <para>Yǐ: Zhè tiáo tài xiǎo le. Bù hǎo chuān. </para>
- <para>Jiǎ: Bù hǎo chuān？Nà tiáo zěnmeyàng？</para>
- <para> yǐ: Něi tiáo？ō, zhè tiáo bù shì wǒ de, shì wǒ shìyǒu de. </para>
- <para> Jiǎ: Nàr hái yǒu liǎng tiáo. Zhè liǎng tiáo shì nǐ de ma？</para>
- <para> Yǐ: Yě bù shì. Wǒ de dōu zài zhèr. Nǐ qiáo......zhè liǎng tiáo kùzi něi tiáo hǎo ?</para>
- <para> Jiǎ: Lán de hǎo. Wǒ xǐhuan lán kùzi, bù xǐhuan lǜ kùzi. </para>
- <para> Yǐ: Wǒ yě bù xǐhuan lǜ kùzi.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76931_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76933_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>The Reading Rooms In the East Asian Library</para>
- <para>In the evening, Renmei Ding and her friend went to the East Asian Library from the dorm. Ding wore a pair of blue slacks, a and a white shirt. Ding’s blue slacks were an old pair; and her white shirt was a new one. Ding’s friend wore a skirt, and a jacket. Her skirt was black and her jacket red.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>The reading rooms in the East Asian Library were large, and quiet. Teacher Gu of the East Asian Library was on duty tonight. She wore a jacket and a skirt. Her jacket and her skirt were both black. Ding asked Teacher Gu to give her friend a tour of the reading rooms in the East Asian Library. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Teacher Gu said: " There are altogether two reading rooms in the East Asian Library. One is large, and the other is small. The large one is a reading room for the students; and the small one is for the teachers. There are a lot of East Asian newspapers and magazines in the reading rooms. We have Chinese, Japanese and Korean newspapers and magazines. There are altogether fifteen computers in the two reading rooms. Teachers and students often come here to read books and newspapers; also they often come here to use computers to browse books and other materials. Everyone likes the reading room in the East Asian Library."</para>
- <para>"I like the reading rooms, too. It is so quiet here and the conditions here are excellent." Ding’s friend said. </para>
- <para>"You are welcome to come here often." </para>
- <para>"I certainly will."</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76935_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>东亚馆的阅览室</para>
- <para/>
- <para>晚上, 丁人美和她的朋友从宿舍去东亚图书馆。小丁穿一条蓝裤子, 一件白衬衫。</para>
- <para>小丁的蓝裤子是旧的, 白衬衫是新的。小丁的朋友穿一条裙子, 一件上衣。她的裙</para>
- <para>子是黑的, 她的上衣是红的 。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>东亚图书馆的阅览室很大, 也很安静。东亚图书馆的古老师今天晚上值班。她穿一</para>
- <para>件上衣, 一条裙子。她的裙子和上衣都是黑的。小丁请古老师给她的朋友介绍一下</para>
- <para>东亚图书馆的阅览室。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>古老师说:"东亚图书馆一共有两个阅览室。一个大, 一个小。大的是学生阅览室, </para>
- <para>小的是老师阅览室。阅览室有很多东亚报纸和杂志。中文的, 日文的, 韩文的, 都</para>
- <para>有。两个阅览室一共有十五台电脑。老师和学生常常来这儿看书, 看报纸；也常常</para>
- <para>用这儿的电脑找书, 找资料。大家都很喜欢东亚馆的阅览室。”</para>
- <para/>
- <para>“我也很喜欢。这儿很安静, 条件也很好。”小丁的 朋友说。</para>
- <para>“欢迎你常来。”</para>
- <para>“一定。” </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76937_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>東亞館的閱覽室 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>晚上, 丁人美和她的朋友從宿舍去東亞圖書館。小丁穿一條藍褲子, 一件白襯衫。</para>
- <para>小丁的藍褲子是舊的, 白襯衫是新的。小丁的朋友穿一條裙子, 一件上衣。她的裙</para>
- <para>子是黑的, 她的上衣是紅的 。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>東亞圖書館的閱覽室很大, 也很安靜。東亞圖書館的古老師今天晚上值班。她穿一</para>
- <para>件上衣, 一條裙子。她的裙子和上衣都是黑的。小丁請古老師給她的朋友介紹一下</para>
- <para>東亞圖書館的閱覽室。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>古老師說:"東亞圖書館一共有兩個閱覽室。一個大, 一個小。大的是學生閱覽室, </para>
- <para>小的是老師閱覽室。閱覽室有很多東亞報紙和雜誌。中文的, 日文的, 韓文的, 都</para>
- <para>有。兩個閱覽室一共有十五台電腦。老師和學生常常來這兒看書, 看報紙；也常常</para>
- <para>用這兒的電腦找書, 找資料。大家都很喜歡東亞館的閱覽室。”</para>
- <para/>
- <para>“我也很喜歡。這兒很安靜, 條件也很好。”小丁的朋友說。</para>
- <para>“歡迎你常來。”</para>
- <para>“一定。”</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76939_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Dōngyà Guǎn de Yuèlǎnshì</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Wǎnshang, Dīng Rénměi hé tā de péngyou cóng sùshè qù Dōngyà túshūguǎn. Xiǎo Dīng chuān yì tiáo lán kùzi, yí jiàn bái chènshān. Xiǎo Dīng de lán kùzi shì jiù de, bái chènshān shì xīn de. Xiǎo Dīng de péngyou chuān yì tiáo qúnzi, yí jiàn shàngyī. Tā de qúnzi shì hēi de, tā de shàngyī shì hóng de. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dōngyà túshūguǎn de yuèlǎnshì hěn dà, yě hěn ānjìng. Dōngyà túshūguǎn de Gǔ lǎoshī jīntiān wǎnshang zhíbān. Tā chuān yí jiàn shàngyī, yì tiáo qúnzi. Tā de qúnzi hé shàngyī dōu shì hēi de. Xiǎo Dīng qǐng Gǔ lǎoshī gěi tā de péngyou jièshào yíxià Dōngyà túshūguǎn de yuèlǎnshì.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Gǔ lǎoshī shuō: "Dōngyà túshūguǎn yígòng yǒu liǎng ge yuèlǎnshì. Yí ge dà, yí ge xiǎo. Dà de shì xuésheng yuèlǎnshì, xiǎo de shì lǎoshī yuèlǎnshì. Yuèlǎnshì yǒu hěn duō dōngyà bàozhǐ hé zázhì. Zhōngwén de, Rìwén de, Hánwén de, dōu yǒu. Liǎng ge yuèlǎnshì yī gòng yǒu shíwǔ tái diànnǎo. Lǎoshī hé xuésheng chángcháng lái zhèr kànshū, kàn bàozhǐ；Yě chángcháng yòng zhèr de diànnǎo zhǎo shū, zhǎo zīliào. Dàjiā dōu hěn xǐhuan Dōngyàguǎn de yuèlǎnshì."</para>
- <para>"Wǒ yě hěn xǐhuan. Zhèr hěn ānjìng, tiáojiàn yě hěn hǎo." Xiǎo Dīng de péngyou shuō.</para>
- <para>"Huānyíng nǐ cháng lái."</para>
- <para>"Yídìng."</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76941_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para> Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>裤子(褲子)</para></entry><entry><para>kùzi </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>pants, trousers</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>衬衫(襯衫)</para></entry><entry><para>chènshān </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>shirt</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>上衣</para></entry><entry><para>shàngyī </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>jacket</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>大衣</para></entry><entry><para>dàyī </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>overcoat</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>裙子</para></entry><entry><para>qúnzi </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>skirt</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>电脑(電腦)</para></entry><entry><para>diànnǎo </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>computer</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>资料(資料)</para></entry><entry><para>zīliào </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>materials</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>条件(條件)</para></entry><entry><para>tiáojiàn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>condition</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>室友</para></entry><entry><para>shìyǒu </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>roommate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>条(條)</para></entry><entry><para>tiáo </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>for long or narrow things</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>件</para></entry><entry><para>jiàn </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>for articles/items</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>台</para></entry><entry><para>tái </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>for machines</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>蓝(藍)</para></entry><entry><para>lán </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>blue</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>红(紅)</para></entry><entry><para>hóng </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>red</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>黑</para></entry><entry><para>hēi </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>black</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>白</para></entry><entry><para>bái </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>white</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>绿(綠)</para></entry><entry><para>lǜ </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>green</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>旧(舊)</para></entry><entry><para>jiù </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>used, worn, old</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>安静(安靜)</para></entry><entry><para>ānjìng </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>quiet</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>等</para></entry><entry><para>děng </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to wait for</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>换(換)</para></entry><entry><para>huàn </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to change</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>穿</para></entry><entry><para>chuān </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to wear</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>瞧</para></entry><entry><para>qiáo </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to look</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>喜欢(喜歡 )</para></entry><entry><para>xǐhuan </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to like</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>值班</para></entry><entry><para>zhíbān </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to be on duty</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一共</para></entry><entry><para>yígòng </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>in all</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一定</para></entry><entry><para>yídìng </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>surely, certainly</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>为什么(爲什麽)</para></entry><entry><para>wèishénme </para></entry><entry><para>question word</para></entry><entry><para>why</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>明白</para></entry><entry><para>míngbai </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to understand</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>挣钱(掙錢)</para></entry><entry><para>zhèngqián </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to make money</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>所以</para></entry><entry><para>suǒyǐ </para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>so</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>年</para></entry><entry><para>nián </para></entry><entry><para>measure word</para></entry><entry><para>year</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76943_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76945_1993127563"/>1. The “--的” structure:</title>
- <para>The “--的” structure is one in which the structural particle 的 is used to indicate possession or other qualities and is attached to:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>a noun; eg.</para>
- <para>这本 书 是 我 哥 哥 的 。 </para>
- <para>Zhè běn shū shì wǒ gēge de .</para>
- <para>This book is my older brother's.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>a noun phrase; eg. </para>
- <para>这 台 电 脑 是 东 亚 图 书 馆 的 。 </para>
- <para>Zhè tái diànnǎo shì dōngyà túshūguǎn de .</para>
- <para>This computer is the East Asian Library's.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>an adjective; eg.</para>
- <para>那 儿 有 红 的 车 。 红 的 不 好 。 </para>
- <para>Nàr yǒu hóng de chē . Hóng de bù hǎo . </para>
- <para>There is(are) a red car(s) over there. Red one(s) is(are) not good.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>a pronoun; eg.</para>
- <para>他 们 的 阅 览 室 很 大 。 我 喜 欢 他 们 的 。 </para>
- <para>Tamen de yuèlǎnshì hěn dà . Wǒ xǐhuān tāmen de . </para>
- <para>Their reading room is huge. I like theirs.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>The “"--的” structure functions as a noun phrase in the sentence. </para>
- <para>In all the above examples, the noun is understood and would be tedious to repeat, but a check can be made by supplying it:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>这本 书 是 我 哥 哥 的（ 书 ) 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 台 电 脑 是 东 亚 图 书 馆 的(电 脑 )。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>那 儿 有 红 的 车 。 红 的 (车 )不 好。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 们 的 阅 览 室 很 大 。 我 喜 欢 他 们 的(阅 览 室 )。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>If the noun is not supplied, the structure may be used in the generalized sense; eg.:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>大 的 不 一 定 好 。 </para>
- <para>Dà de bù yídìng hǎo . </para>
- <para>(The) big ones are not necessarily good.</para>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76947_1993127563"/>2. The proposition 从 : </title>
- <para>The preposition 从 usually take words which denote locality as objects. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>10)</para>
- <para>从 宿 舍 </para>
- <para>cóng sùshè</para>
- <para>from the dorm</para>
- <para>11)</para>
- <para>从 我 家 </para>
- <para>cóng wŏ jiā </para>
- <para>from my home</para>
- <para>A propositional phrase such as 从 我 家, 从 宿 舍 can funtion as adverbial adjunct indicating direction. The position of an adverbial adjunct always precedes the verb it modifies. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>12)</para>
- <para>我 从 我 家 来 。 </para>
- <para>Wǒ cóng wǒ jiā lái .</para>
- <para>I come from my home.</para>
- <para>13)</para>
- <para>古 老 师 从 哪 儿 去 ？ </para>
- <para>Gǔ lǎoshī cóng nǎr qù？ </para>
- <para>From where is Teacher Gu going ?</para>
- <para>Nouns or pronouns denoting persons cannot be used independently as the </para>
- <para>object of the proposition 从 to indicate locality.</para>
- <para>They must also take 这 儿 or 那 儿 :</para>
- <para>14)</para>
- <para>我 从 我 妈 妈 那 儿 来 。 </para>
- <para>Wǒ cóng wǒ māma nàr lái . </para>
- <para>I came from my mom's place.</para>
- <para>15)</para>
- <para>他 从 你 这 儿 去 。 </para>
- <para>Tā cóng nǐ zhèr qù . </para>
- <para>He went/left from your place.</para>
- <para>The negative form of a sentence with 从 prepositional phrase is:</para>
- <para>16)</para>
- <para>妈 妈 不 从 这 儿 去 。 </para>
- <para>Māma bù cóng zhèr qù . </para>
- <para>Mom won't go/leave from here.</para>
- <para>Note that the position of 不 is before the prepostional phrase.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76949_1993127563"/>3. The expression of “太 +adj./v. + 了”:</title>
- <para>The expression of “太 +adj./v.+ 了” indicates that something has </para>
- <para>gone to the extreme, and that some limit has been passed. </para>
- <para>In short, it shows “excessiveness”. For example:</para>
- <para>17)</para>
- <para>这 条 裤 子 太 小 了 。 </para>
- <para>Zhè tiáo kùzi tài xiăo le.</para>
- <para>The pants are too small.</para>
- <para>18)</para>
- <para>那 个 人 太 老 了 。 </para>
- <para>Nà gè rén tài lăo le.</para>
- <para>That guy is too old.</para>
- <para>19)</para>
- <para>他 太 喜 欢 他 的 孩 子 。 </para>
- <para>Tā tài xǐhuan tā de háizi .</para>
- <para>He likes his kids too much. (He spoils his kids.)</para>
- <para>The expression of “太 +adj.+ 了” does not always carry a negative tone. </para>
- <para>It can also be use to show admiration. For example:</para>
- <para>20)</para>
- <para>古 老 师 的 书 法 太 漂 亮 了 。 </para>
- <para>Gǔ lǎoshī de shūfǎ tài piàoliang le . </para>
- <para>Teacher Gu’s calligraphy is wonderful.</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76951_1993127563"/>4. The adverb 就: </title>
- <para>The adverb 就 is often placed before the main verb to indicate emphasis of different implication. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>*as 'precisely', 'exactly':</para>
- <para>21)</para>
- <para>那 就 是 图 书 馆 。 </para>
- <para> Nà jiù shì túshūguǎn . </para>
- <para>THAT is the library.</para>
- <para>22)</para>
- <para>她 就 是 东 亚 馆 的 古 老 师 。 </para>
- <para>Tā jiù shì dōngyàguǎn de Gǔ lǎoshī .</para>
- <para>SHE is Teacher Gu of East Asian Library.</para>
- <para>*As ‘only’:</para>
- <para>23)</para>
- <para>我 们 系 就 有 一 个 阅 览 室 。 </para>
- <para> Wǒmen xì jiù yǒu yī gè yuèlǎnshì . </para>
- <para>There is ONLY one reading room in our department.</para>
- <para>*As ‘immediately’:</para>
- <para>24)</para>
- <para>我 就 去 语 言 实 验 室 。 </para>
- <para>Wǒ jiù qù yǔyán shíyànshì . </para>
- <para>I WILL go to the language lab RIGHT AWAY.</para>
- <para>The adverb 就 usually does not have a negative form. </para>
- <para>Only when indicating “absolutely not”, can it take negative form.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>25)</para>
- <para>她 就 不 是 古 老 师 。 </para>
- <para>She is DEFINITELY NOT Teacher Gu.</para>
- <para>26)</para>
- <para>我 就 不 去 语 言 实 验 室 。 </para>
- <para>I am ABSOLUTELY NOT going to the language lab.</para>
- <para>27)</para>
- <para>我 们 系 就 没 有 阅 览 室 。 </para>
- <para>There DEFINITELY ISN’T Any reading room in our department.</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76953_1993127563"/>5. Reduplication of verbs:</title>
- <para>Reduplication of verbs such as “看 看, 等 等” tends to stress the “tentative effect” of the verb and to minimize the action. It is often used (A) to describe modestly to one’s own activities. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>28)</para>
- <para>我 看 看 你 的 书, 好 吗 ？</para>
- <para>Wǒ kàn kàn nǐ de shū, hǎo ma ？</para>
- <para>May I have a look at your book?</para>
- <para>(B) to form a mild imperative, or to make a suggestion. For example:</para>
- <para>29)</para>
- <para>你 看 看 这 本 书 吧 。 </para>
- <para>Nǐ kàn kàn zhè běn shū ba .</para>
- <para>Take a look at this book.</para>
- <para>30)</para>
- <para>喝 喝 这 茶 吧 。 真 好 。 </para>
- <para>Hē hē zhè chá ba . Zhēn hǎo .</para>
- <para>Have a sip of the tea. (It is) really good.</para>
- <para>The rules for the redublication of verbs are:</para>
- <para>(A) In a verb-object structure, only the verb and not the object, is redublicated. For example:</para>
- <para>喝 茶 --喝 喝 茶 问 王 老 师 --问 问 王 老 师 </para>
- <para>(B) When a monosyllabic verb is reduplicated, "一 " can come between the verb and its reduplicate:</para>
- <para>喝 茶 --喝 喝 茶 --喝 一 喝 茶 看 地 图 --看 看 地 图 --看 一 看 地 图 </para>
- <para>(C) To a disyllabic verb is simply repeat the whole word:</para>
- <para>学 习 汉 语 --学 习 学 习 汉 语 帮 助 他 --帮 助 帮 助 他 </para>
- <para>Note that "一 " cannot come between the disyllabic verb and its redublicate.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76955_1993127563"/>6. The adjective 好 as an adverb:</title>
- <para>The adjective 好 often can function as an adverb to modify a verb. When 好 </para>
- <para>works as an adverb, it means roughly "good to" or "easy to". For example:</para>
- <para>31)</para>
- <para>汉 语 很 好 学 。 </para>
- <para>Hànyǔ hěn hǎo xué . </para>
- <para>Chinese is easy to learn.</para>
- <para>32)</para>
- <para>外 语 学 院 很 好 找 。 </para>
- <para>Wàiyǔ xuéyuàn hěn hǎo zhǎo . </para>
- <para>The Foreign Language Institute is ease to locate.</para>
- <para>In some cases, 好 + V. is taken as a set-phrase, and is considered to have </para>
- <para>the status of a word, which can function as an adjective. For instance:</para>
- <para>33)</para>
- <para>这 条 裙 子 很 好 看 。 </para>
- <para>Zhè tiáo qúnzi hěn hǎo kàn . </para>
- <para>The skirt is really nice to look at.</para>
- <para>HENCE: The skirt is really nice-looking (pretty).</para>
- <para/>
- <para>34)</para>
- <para>这 是 一 本 很 好 看 的 书 。 </para>
- <para>Zhè shì yī běn hěn hǎo kàn de shū . </para>
- <para>This is a nice to read book. / This is an interesting (good) book.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76957_1993127563"/>7. The preposed object:</title>
- <para>Sometimes, a verb can have a list of objects. For example:</para>
- <para>35)</para>
- <para>我 有 汉 语 书, 英 语 书, 和 日 语 书 。 </para>
- <para> wǒ yǒu hànyǔ shū, yīngyǔ shū, hé rìyǔ shū . </para>
- <para>I have Chinese books, English books, and Japanese books.</para>
- <para>In a case like this, a Chinese speaker likes to change the word-order, and prepose the list of objects in the way like this:</para>
- <para>汉 语 书, 英 语 书, 日 本 书, 我 都 有 。 </para>
- <para> Hànyǔ shū, yīngyǔ shū, Rìběn shū, wǒ dōu yǒu .</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>Notice that when the list is preposed, the adverb "dōu" is present, and its positition in the sentence is right ahead of the verb. “Dōu” must always follow its referent, a requirement that works well with this construction. must One more examples:</para>
- <para>36)</para>
- <para>茶, 咖 啡, 酒, 他 都 喝 。 </para>
- <para> Chá, kāfēi, jiǔ, tā dōu hē . </para>
- <para>He drinks tea, coffee, and wine.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76959_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76961_1993127563"/>1. The “--的” structure:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我 的 电 脑 是 新 的 。 你 的 呢 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 位 老 师 是 东 亚 系 的 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我 的 是 美 国 车 。 你 爸 爸 的 也 是 吗 ？不 是 。 我 爸 爸 的 是 德 国 的 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 穿 这 件 白 衬 衫, 好 吗 ？我 不 穿 白 的 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 儿 有 中 国 留 学 生 吗 ？没 有, 这 儿 的 都 是 日 本 留 学 生 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>哥 哥 用 大 的, 弟 弟 用 小 的 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 有 两 个 孩 子, 男 的 学 中 文 ； 女 的学 法 文 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>哪 本 书 是 你 的 ？中 文 的 是 我 的, 英 文 的 是 我 的 大 夫 的 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 本 德 文 的 是 谁 的 ？我 想 是 我 女 朋 友的 。 她 学 法 文 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒ de diànnǎo shì xīn de . Nǐ de ne ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>zhè wèi lǎoshī shì dōngyà xì de .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒ de shì Měiguó chē . Nǐ bàba de yě shì ma ？bú shì . Wǒ bàba de shì Déguó de .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ chuān zhè jiàn bái chènshān, hǎo ma ？Wǒ bù chuān bái de .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhèr yǒu Zhōngguó liúxuésheng ma ？Méi yǒu, zhèr de dōu shì Rìběn liúxuésheng . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Gēge yòng dà de, dìdi yòng xiǎo de . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā yǒu liǎng ge háizi, nán de xué Zhōngwén ； Nǚ de xué Fǎwén . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Něi běn shū shì nǐ de ？Zhōngwén de shì wǒ de, Yīngwén de shì wǒ de dàifū de . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè běn Déwén de shì shuí de ？Wǒ xiǎng shì wǒ nǚ péngyou de . Tā xué Fǎwén . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>My computer is a new computer. How about yours？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This teacher is a teacher from East Asian Department.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mine is an American car. Is your father's also an American car？No. My father's is a German car.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You wear this white shirt, OK？I don't wear white ones.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are there Chinese exchange students here？The ones here are all Japanese exchange students.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The older brother used the big one; and the younger brother used the small one.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He has two kids: the boy studies Chinese; the girl learns French.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Which book is yours？The Chinese book is mine; the English book is my doctor's. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Whose German book is this？I think it is my girl friend's. She studies French. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76963_1993127563"/>2、The proposition 从 :</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 好, 小 新 。 你 从 哪 儿 来 ？我 从 我 家 来 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>晚 上 我 们 去 图 书 馆, 好 吗 ？好, 从 哪 儿 去 ？从 我 那 儿 去 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她 男 朋 友 常 常 从 台 湾 来 看 她 。 真 的 吗 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 说 他 不 从 这 儿 去 北 京 。 他 从 他 哥 哥 那 儿 去 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 们 晚 上 来 这 儿 用 电 脑 。 他 们 从 哪 儿 来 ？从 古 老 师 那 儿 来 。 古 老 师 那 儿 没 有 电 脑 吗 ？我 想 没 有 。 </para>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ hǎo, Xiǎo xīn . Nǐ cóng nǎr lái ？Wǒ cóng wǒ jiā lái . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǎnshàng wǒmen qù túshūguǎn, hǎo ma ？Hǎo, cóng nǎr qù ？Cóng wǒ nàr qù . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā nán péngyou chángcháng cóng Táiwān lái kàn tā . Zhēn de ma ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā shuō tā bù cóng zhèr qù Běijīng . Tā cóng tā gēge nàr qù . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tāmen wǎnshàng lái zhèr yòng diànnǎo . Tāmen cóng nǎr lái ？Cóng Gǔ lǎoshī nàr lái . Gǔ lǎoshī nàr méi yǒu diànnǎo ma ？Wǒ xiǎng méi yǒu . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Hello, Xin. Where are you coming from？I came from my home.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This evening, would you like to go to the library？Sure. Where do we leave from？We’ll leave from my place.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Her boyfriend often come from Taiwan to visit her. Really?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He says he won't go from here to Peking. He will leave from his older brother's place.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This evening, they will come here to use the computers. Where will they come from. They’ll Come from Teacher Gu's place. Doesn't Teacher Gu have a computer？I don't think she has one.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76965_1993127563"/>3、 The expression “太 +adj.+了 ”:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 台 电 脑 太 老 了, 买 一 台 新 的 吧 。 新 的 太 贵 了 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我 用 一 下 你 的 汉 英 词 典, 好 吗 ？你 的 词 典 呢 ？我 的 不 好 。 字 太 少 了 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 条 裙 子 太 长 了 。 你 换 一 条 吧 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>中 国 的 人 口 太 多 了, 你 说 呢 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她 太 想 家 了 。 天 天 给 她 爸 爸 妈 妈 写 信 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 常 常 帮 助 我 学 中 文 。 他 太 好 了 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>大 新, 晚 上 我 们 去 看 小 京, 好 吗 ？不 行 啊, 我 太 忙 了 。 你 一 个 人 去, 好 吗 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 车 是 谁 的 ？我 的 。漂 亮 吧 ？ 太 漂 亮 了 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè tái diànnǎo tài lǎo le, mǎi yì tái xīn de ba . Xīn de tài guì le . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒ yòng yíxià nǐ de Hàn-Yīng cídiǎn, hǎo ma ？Nǐ de cídiǎn ne ？Wǒ de bù hǎo . Zì tài shǎo le . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè tiáo qúnzi tài cháng le . Nǐ huàn yī tiáo ba . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhōng guó de rénkǒu tài duō le, nǐ shuō ne ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>tā tài xiǎng jiā le . Tiāntiān gěi tā bàba māma xiě xìn . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā chángcháng bāngzhù wǒ xué Zhōngwén . Tā tài hǎo le . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Dà xīn, wǎnshàng wǒmen qù kàn Xiǎo jīng, hǎo ma ？Bù xíng a, wǒ tài máng le . Nǐ yī ge rén qù, hǎo ma ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>zhè chē shì shuí de ？Wǒ de . Piàoliang ba ？ Tài piàoliang le .</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>This computer is too old. Let's get a new one. New computers are too expensive.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>May I use your Chinese-English dictionary for a while？Where is yours？Mine is not good. There are too few words in it.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This skirt is too long. Why don't you change it?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The population in China is way too large. What do you think?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>She is very homesick. She writes to her parents every day.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He often helps me with Chinese. He is really nice.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xin, let's go and visit Jing tonight. No, I can't. I’m too busy. Can you go by yourself?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Whose car is this？Mine. Isn’t it nice？Gorgeous.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76967_1993127563"/>4、The adverb 就 : </title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>那 是 谁 ？那 就 是 东 亚 系 的 丁 老 师 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 找 什 麽 ？我 找 我 的 那 条 新 裙 子 。 是 这 条 绿 的 吗 ？是, 就 是 这 条 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>三 楼 有 厕 所 吗 ？有 。 在 哪 儿 ？就 在 这 儿 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 有 几 本 汉 英 词 典 ？就 这 一 本 。 我 用 一 下, 好 吗 ？好 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小 王, 你 还 在 这 儿 。 不 去 图 书 馆 吗 ？我 就 去 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>谁 说 他 不 是 大 夫 ？ 我 说 他 就 不 是 大 夫 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我 们 学 院 就 没 有王 英 英 这 个 人 。 没 有 ？她 说 她 在 你 们 这 儿 教 汉 语 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 系 有 几 个 学 科 ？就 三 个 : 韩 文, 日 文, 中 文 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nà shì shuí ？Nà jiù shì dōngyà xì de Dīng lǎoshī . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ zhǎo shénme ？Wǒ zhǎo wǒ de nà tiáo xīn qúnzi . Shì zhè tiáo lǜ de ma ？Shì, jiù shì zhè tiáo . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Sān lóu yǒu cèsuǒ ma ？yǒu . Zài nǎr ？Jiù zài zhèr . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐmen yǒu jǐ běn Hàn-Yīng cídiǎn ？Jiù zhè yī běn . Wǒ yòng yíxià, hǎo ma ？hǎo . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiǎo Wáng, nǐ hái zài zhèr . Bù qù túshūguǎn ma ？Wǒ jiù qù . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shuí shuō tā bù shì dàifū ？ Wǒ shuō tā jiù bù shì dàifū . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒmen xuéyuàn jiù méi yǒu Wáng Yīngyīng zhè gè rén . Méi yǒu ？Tā shuō tā zài nǐ men zhèr jiāo Hànyǔ . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐmen xì yǒu jǐ gè xué kē ？Jiù sān gè : Hánwén, Rìwén, Zhōngwén . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para> Who is that？SHE is Teacher Ding of East Asian department.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> What are you looking for？I’m looking for the new skirt. Is this green one？Yes. (THIS) is the one.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> Is there a rest room on the third floor？Yes. Where is it？(It) is right here.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> How many dictionaries do you have？Only this one. Can I use it for a little while？Sure.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> Wang, you are still here. Are you not going to the library？I am going right away.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> Who said that he is not a doctor？I said he is absolutely NOT a doctor.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> There is absolutely no such a person as Wang Yingying in our institute. No？She said she teaches Chinese here.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> How many disciplines are there in your department？Only three: Korean, Japanese, and Chinese.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> * Same format as pattern I</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76969_1993127563"/>5、 Reduplication of verbs:</title>p<para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>那 是 谁 ？我 也 不 认 识 。 问 问哥 哥 吧 。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>晚 上 你 作 什 么 ？看 看 报 纸 。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>汉 字 真 难 。 你 帮 助 帮 助 我, 好 吗 ？</para></listitem><listitem><para>老 古, 去 哪 儿 ？去我 大 儿 子 家 看 看 。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>小 姐, 那 是 你 的 笔 吗 ？是 啊 。 我 用 一 用, 好 吗 ？</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nà shì shuí ？Wǒ yě bù rènshi . Wèn wèn gēge ba . </para></listitem><listitem><para>Wǎnshàng nǐ zuò shénme ？Kàn kàn bàozhǐ . </para></listitem><listitem><para>Hàn zì zhēn nán . Nǐ bāngzhù bāngzhù wǒ, hǎo ma ？</para></listitem><listitem><para>Lǎo Gǔ, qù nǎr ？Qù wǒ dà érzi jiā kàn kàn . </para></listitem><listitem><para>Xiǎo jiě, nà shì nǐ de bǐ ma ？Shì a . Wǒ yòng yí yòng, hǎo ma ？</para></listitem></orderedlist><para> </para><orderedlist><listitem><para> Who is that？I don't know, either. Ask older brother.</para></listitem><listitem><para> What are you going to do this evening？Read some newspaper.</para></listitem><listitem><para> Chinese characters are very difficult. Can you help me?</para></listitem><listitem><para> Gu, where are you heading？To visit my older son's family.</para></listitem><listitem><para> Miss, is that your pen？Yes. Can I use it?</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76971_1993127563"/>6、 Adjective 好 as adverb:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>厕 所 在 三 楼 。 不 好 找 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>请 喝 茶 。 这 是 什 么 茶 ？这 是 中 国 红 茶 。 这 茶 真 好 喝 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 是 学 生 吗 ？是 啊 。 你 学 什 么 ？我 学 汉 语 。 汉 语 不 好 学 吧 ？好 学 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 条 裤 子 太 小 了, 不 好 穿 。 你 换 一 条 吧 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 本 杂 志 真 好 看 。 是 谁 的 ？是 我 的 。 我 看 看, 好 吗 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Cèsuǒ zài sān lóu . Bù hǎo zhǎo . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qǐng hē chá . Zhè shì shénme chá ？Zhè shì Zhōngguó hóng chá . Zhè chá zhēn hǎo hē . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ shì xuésheng ma ？shì a . Nǐ xué shénme ？Wǒ xué Hànyǔ . Hànyǔ bù hǎo xué ba ？Hǎo xué . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè tiáo kùzi tài xiǎo le, bù hǎo chuān . Nǐ huàn yì tiáo ba . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè běn zázhì zhēn hǎo kàn . Shì shuí de ？Shì wǒ de . Wǒ kàn kàn, hǎo ma ？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>The restroom is on the third floor. ( It is ) hard to locate.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Have some tea, please. What kind of tea is this？This is Chinese black tea. This tea really tastes good.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are you a student？Yes. What do you study？I study Chinese. Isn't Chinese hard to learn？ No, it’s easy.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This skirt is too small, ( it is not ) fit to wear. I suggest you change it.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This magazine is interesting. Whose is this？( It ) is mine. May I read it?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76973_1993127563"/>7、 The preposed objects:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>东 亚 图 书 馆 有 很 多 东 亚 语 言 书 。 韩 文 的, 日 文 的, 中 文 的, 都 有 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 爸 爸 喜 欢 喝 茶 。 红 茶, 绿 茶, 花 茶, 日 本 茶, 英 国 茶, 他 都 喝 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他 是 语 言 系 的 学 生 。 法 语, 英 语, 德 语, 日 语, 汉 语, 都 会 说 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>茶, 烟, 酒, 这 个 商 店 都 没 有 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我 们 学 院 有 很 多 留 学 生 。 欧 洲 的, 亚 洲 的, 非 洲 的, 都 有 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Dōngyà túshūguǎn yǒu hěn duō dōngyà yǔyán shū . Hánwén de, Rìwén de, Zhōngwén de, dōu yǒu . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā bàba xǐhuan hē chá . Hóng chá, lǜ chá, huā chá, Rìběn chá, Yīngguó chá, tā dōu hē . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā shì yǔyán xì de xuésheng . Fǎyǔ, Yīngyǔ, Déyǔ, Rìyǔ, Hànyǔ, dōu huì shuō . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chá, yān, jiǔ, zhè gè shāng diàn dōu méi yǒu . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒmen xuéyuàn yǒu hěn duō liúxuésheng . Ōuzhōu de, Yàzhōu de, Fēizhōu de, dōu yǒu . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>There are a lot of East Asian languages books in the East Asian library. There are Korean, Japanese, and Chinese language books.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>His father likes to drinks tea. He drinks black, green, jasmine, Japanese and English teas.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He is a student in the Department of Linguistics. He can speak French, English, German, Japanese, and Chinese.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This store does not carry tea, cigarettes or wine.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>There are a lot of foreign students in our college. They are from Europe, Asia and Africa.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76975_1993127563"/>Lesson 17</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76977_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76979_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>What Time Is It ？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>A: Hi, Teacher Gu.</para>
- <para>B: Hi, Ding. Where are you going?</para>
- <para>A: I’m going to the cinema.</para>
- <para>B: To see a movie, right?</para>
- <para>A: Yes.</para>
- <para>B: What movie?</para>
- <para>A: “Eat, Drink, Man, Woman”. A Taiwan movie, brand new.</para>
- <para>B: Oh, I heard that this is a very interesting movie. Are you going by yourself?</para>
- <para>A: I’m going together with my boyfriend. He is waiting for me at the library.</para>
- <para>B: What time is the movie?</para>
- <para>A: Four thirty.</para>
- <para>B: Three forty-five. Are you taking a bus?</para>
- <para>A: No, we’ll drive there.</para>
- <para>B: Hurry up.</para>
- <para>A: See you, Teacher Gu.</para>
- <para>B: See you.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76981_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>现在几点了 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 古老师, 您好！ </para>
- <para>乙: 你好, 小丁。你去哪儿？ </para>
- <para>甲: 我去电影院。 </para>
- <para>乙: 去看电影, 对吗？</para>
- <para>甲: 对。 </para>
- <para>乙: 什么电影？ </para>
- <para>甲：『饮食男女』, 台湾电影, 新的。 </para>
- <para>乙: 噢, 听说这是一部很有意思的电影。你一个人去吗？</para>
- <para>甲: 我跟我男朋友一起去。他在图书馆等我呢。 </para>
- <para>乙: 几点的电影？ </para>
- <para>甲: 四点半的。古老师, 您有表吗？现在几点了？</para>
- <para>乙: 三点四十五分。你坐车去吗？</para>
- <para>甲: 不, 我们开车去。 </para>
- <para>乙: 快去吧。 </para>
- <para>甲: 古老师, 再见。 </para>
- <para>乙: 再见。 </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76983_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>現在幾點了 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 古老師, 您好！ </para>
- <para>乙: 你好, 小丁。你去哪兒？ </para>
- <para>甲: 我去電影院。 </para>
- <para>乙: 去看電影, 對嗎？</para>
- <para>甲: 對。 </para>
- <para>乙: 什麼電影？ </para>
- <para>甲：『飲食男女』, 台灣電影, 新的。 </para>
- <para>乙: 噢, 聽說這是一部很有意思的電影。你一個人去嗎？</para>
- <para>甲: 我跟我男朋友一起去。他在圖書館等我呢。 </para>
- <para>乙: 幾點的電影？ </para>
- <para>甲: 四點半的。古老師, 您有錶嗎？現在幾點了？</para>
- <para>乙: 三點四十五分。你坐車去嗎？</para>
- <para>甲: 不, 我們開車去。 </para>
- <para>乙: 快去吧。 </para>
- <para>甲: 古老師, 再見。 </para>
- <para>乙: 再見。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76985_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Xiànzài Jĭ Diăn le?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Jiǎ: Gǔ lǎo shī, nín hǎo！ </para>
- <para>Yǐ: Nǐhǎo, xiǎo Dīng. Nǐ qù nǎr？ </para>
- <para>Jiǎ: Wǒ qù diànyǐngyuàn. </para>
- <para>Yǐ: Qù kàn diànyǐng, duì ma？</para>
- <para>Jiǎ: Duì. </para>
- <para>Yǐ: Shénme diànyǐng？ </para>
- <para>Jiǎ：『yǐnshínánnǚ』, Táiwān diànyǐng, xīn de. </para>
- <para>Yǐ: ō, tīngshuō zhè shì yī bù hěn yǒu yìsi de diànyǐng. Nǐ yī gèrén qù ma？</para>
- <para>Jiǎ: Wǒ gēn wǒ nánpéngyou yīqǐ qù. Tā zài túshūguǎn děng wǒ ne. </para>
- <para>Yǐ: Jǐ diǎn de diànyǐng？ </para>
- <para>Jiǎ: Sì diǎn bàn de. Gǔ lǎo shī, nín yǒu biǎo ma？Xiànzài jǐ diǎn le？</para>
- <para>Yǐ: Sāndiǎn sìshíwǔ fēn. Nǐ zuòchē qù ma？</para>
- <para>Jiǎ: Bù, wǒmen kāichē qù. </para>
- <para>Yǐ: Kuài qù ba. </para>
- <para>Jiǎ: Gǔ lǎo shī, zàijiàn. </para>
- <para>Yǐ: Zàijiàn. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76987_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76989_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>To See a Movie </para>
- <para>Renmei Ding has a boyfriend, (whose is) surnamed Xie, named Xueyou, and is a Chinese American. Xueyou Xie does not study Chinese; (he) studies computer. He is now a third year student. Ding and her boyfriend both like to watch movies. They like to Chinese, American, </para>
- <para>French, Japanese and English movies. Today, they are going to see “ Eat, Drink, Male and Female”, a new Taiwanese movie. The movie is four-thirty in the afternoon. In the afternoon Xiao Ding does not have class. Her boyfriend Xie does. He has a computer class. His computer class starts at one-ten p.m., and ends at two-thirty p.m. After the class is over, he will go to library to check some materials. He called Ding at three o’clock, asking her to look for him at the library at three-fifty. They will go together by car from the library to the cinema. Now, it is three forty-five. Ding is going from her dorm to the library. She is wearing a black jacket and a pair of jeans. (She looks) very nice. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76991_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>看电影 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美有一个男朋友, 姓谢, 叫学友, 是华裔美国人。谢学友不学中文, 学电脑。</para>
- <para>他现在是大学三年级的学生。小丁和她的男朋友都喜欢看电影。中国, 美国, 法</para>
- <para>国, 日本, 英国的电影, 他们都喜欢看。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>今天他们去看台湾的新电影『饮食男女』。电影是下午四点半的。小丁下午没有</para>
- <para>课。她的男朋友小谢有课。他上电脑课。他的电脑课下午一点十分上课, 两点半</para>
- <para>下课。下课以后, 小谢去图书馆找资料。他三点给小丁打电话, 要小丁三点五十</para>
- <para>分到图书馆找他。他们一起从图书馆开车去电影院。现在是下午三点四十五分, </para>
- <para>小丁从她的宿舍去图书馆。她穿一件黑上衣, 一条牛仔裤, 很好看。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76993_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>看電影 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美有一個男朋友, 姓謝, 叫學友, 是華裔美國人。謝學友不學中文, 學電腦。</para>
- <para>他現在是大學三年級的學生。小丁和她的男朋友都喜歡看電影。中國, 美國, 法</para>
- <para>國, 日本, 英國的電影, 他們都喜歡看。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>今天他們去看台灣的新電影『飲食男女』。電影是下午四點半的。小丁下午沒有</para>
- <para>課。她的男朋友小謝有課。他上電腦課。他的電腦課下午一點十分上課, 兩點半</para>
- <para>下課。下課以後, 小謝去圖書館找資料。他三點給小丁打電話, 要小丁三點五十</para>
- <para>分到圖書館找他。他們一起從圖書館開車去電影院。現在是下午三點四十五分, </para>
- <para>小丁從她的宿舍去圖書館。她穿一件黑上衣, 一條牛仔褲, 很好看。</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76995_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Kàn Diànyǐng</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dīng rén měi yǒu yī gè nánpéngyou, xìng xiè, jiào xuéyǒu, shì Huáyì Měiguórén. Xiè xuéyǒu bù xué Zhōngwén, xué diànnǎo. Tā xiànzài shì dàxué sānniánjí de xuésheng. Xiǎo Dīng hé tā de nánpéngyou dōu xǐhuan kàn diànyǐng. Zhōngguó, Měiguó, fǎ guó, Rìběn, Yīngguó de diànyǐng, tāmen dōu xǐhuan kàn.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Jīntiān tāmen qù kàn Táiwān de xīn diànyǐng『yǐnshínánnǚ』. Diànyǐng shì xiàwǔ sì diǎn bàn de. Xiǎo Dīng xiàwǔ méiyǒu kè. Tā de nánpéngyou xiǎo xiè yǒu kè. Tā shàng diànnǎo kè. Tā de diànnǎo kè xiàwǔ yīdiǎn shífēn shàngkè, liǎng diǎn bàn xiàkè. Xiàkè yǐhòu, xiǎo xiè qù túshūguǎn zhǎo zīliào. Tā sāndiǎn gěi xiǎo Dīng dǎ diànhuà, yào xiǎo Dīng sāndiǎn wǔshí fēn dào túshūguǎn zhǎo tā. Tāmen yīqǐ cóng túshūguǎn kāichē qù diànyǐngyuàn. Xiànzài shì xiàwǔ sāndiǎn sìshíwǔ fēn, xiǎo Dīng cóng tā de sùshè qù túshūguǎn. Tā chuān yī jiàn hēishang yī, yī tiáo niúzǎikù, hěn hǎokàn. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76997_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para> </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>食堂</para></entry><entry><para>shítáng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>dining hall</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>课(課)</para></entry><entry><para>kè </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>class, lesson</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>电影(電影 )</para></entry><entry><para>diànyǐng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>movie</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>电影院(電影院)</para></entry><entry><para>diànyǐngyuàn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>cinema</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>表(錶)</para></entry><entry><para>biǎo </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>watch</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>点(點)</para></entry><entry><para>diǎn </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>o’clock</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>分</para></entry><entry><para>fēn </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>minute</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>刻</para></entry><entry><para>kè </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>a quarter of an hour</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>半</para></entry><entry><para>bàn </para></entry><entry><para>numeral.</para></entry><entry><para>half</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>上午</para></entry><entry><para>shàngwǔ </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>morning</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>下午</para></entry><entry><para>xiàwǔ </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>afternoon</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>以前</para></entry><entry><para>yǐqián </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>before, in the past</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para> before</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>以后(以後)</para></entry><entry><para>yǐhòu </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>in the near or not near future</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>conj. </para></entry><entry><para>after</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>上</para></entry><entry><para>shàng </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to attend (class)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>下</para></entry><entry><para>xià </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to get out of (class)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>听说(聽說)</para></entry><entry><para>tīngshuō </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to have been</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>饮(飲)</para></entry><entry><para>yǐn </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to drink</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>食</para></entry><entry><para>shí </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to eat</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>打</para></entry><entry><para>dǎ </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to beat, to make a call</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>开(開)</para></entry><entry><para>kāi </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to open, to drive</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>华裔(華裔)</para></entry><entry><para>huáyì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Chinese descendent</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有意思</para></entry><entry><para>yǒu yìsi </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>interesting</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>牛仔裤(牛仔褲)</para></entry><entry><para>niúzǎi kù </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>jeans</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>跟</para></entry><entry><para>gēn </para></entry><entry><para>prep.</para></entry><entry><para>with</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一起</para></entry><entry><para>yìqǐ </para></entry><entry><para>prep.</para></entry><entry><para>together </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc76999_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77001_1993127563"/>1. Time expression:</title>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77003_1993127563"/> A: Asking and telling the time: </title>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77005_1993127563"/>a) Asking for the time:</title>
- <para> 现 在 几 点 (了 )？Xiànzài jĭ diă n (le)? What time is it now?</para>
- <para> 几 点 (了 )？ Jǐ diăn (le)? What time is it?</para>
- <para> 你 的 表 几 点 (了 )？Nĭ de biăo jĭ diăn (le)? What time is it by your watch?</para>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77007_1993127563"/>b) Reading of the clock time:</title>
- <para> 8:00八 点 bā diăn </para>
- <para> 9:08九 点 ( 零 )八 分jiŭ diăn (líng)bā fén</para>
- <para> 10:15 十 点 十 五 分shí diăn shíwŭ fēn</para>
- <para>十 点 一 刻shí diăn yí kè</para>
- <para> 11:30 十 一 点 三 十 分 shíyī diăn sānshí fēn</para>
- <para>十 一 点 半shíyī diăn bàn</para>
- <para> 12:45 十 二 点 四 十 五 shíèr diăn sìshìwǔ</para>
- <para>十 二 点 三 刻 shíèr diăn sān kè</para>
- <para>差 一 刻 一 点chà yí kè yì diăn</para>
- <para> 4:18pm 下 午 四 点 十 八 分 xiàwǔ sì diăn shíbā fēn</para>
- <para> 7:46am 上 午 七 点 四 十 六 分 shàngwǔ qī diăn sìshíliù fēn</para>
- <para>before5:30 五 点 半 以 前wŭ diăn bàn yĭqián</para>
- <para>after 9:18 九 点 十 八 分 以 後jiŭ diăn shíbā fēn yĭhòu</para>
- <para> 5 or 6 o’clock 五 六 点wǔ liù diăn</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect4>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77009_1993127563"/>B: Time expression as the attributive: </title>
- <para>A time word or phrase can serve as an attributive modifying a noun or noun phrase </para>
- <para>in a sentence. When a time or phrase modifies a noun or noun phrase, the format is </para>
- <para>‘time word +的 + noun’. Note that the position of the time is BEFORE the modified noun. </para>
- <para>Now, let’s look at some examples:</para>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>下 午 的 电 影 xiàwǔ de diànyĭng afternoon movie</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 九 点 五 十 分 的 课 jiŭ diăn wŭshì fēn de kè a nine fifty class</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 以 前 的 老 师yĭqián de lăoshi the previous teacher </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 几 点 的 课jǐdiăn de kè a class of what time </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 这 位 老 师 教 上 午 的 课 。 Zhè wèi lăoshi jiāo shàngwǔ de kè This teacher teaches morning class.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 喜 欢 看 几 点 的 电 影 ？Nǐ xĭhuan kàn jĭ diăn de diànyĭng? You like to watch movies of what time?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77011_1993127563"/>C. Time expressions as the adverbial adjuncts:</title>
- <para>A time expression can function as an adverbial adjunct, modifying a verb and describing </para>
- <para>the time when the action takes place. When a time expression serves as an adverbial adjunct, </para>
- <para>it is usually placed before the verb it modifies. The format is:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Subject + Time Expression + (Negation) + Verb + (Object) + ( Question Particle 吗 )</para>
- <para>我+ 上 午 +(不)+ 去 + (商 店 ) +( 吗 ) </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Some examples:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 几 点 去 上 课 ？</para>
- <para>Nǐ jǐ diǎn qù shàng kè ？ </para>
- <para> At what time will you go to attend the class?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她 妈 妈 下 午 三 点 在 家 。 </para>
- <para>Tā māma xiàwǔ sān diǎn zài jiā .</para>
- <para>Her mom is at home at three o’clock in the afternoon.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>台 湾 留 学 生 八 点 坐 车 从 我 们 学 院 去 加 州 。 </para>
- <para>Táiwān liúxuésheng bā diăn zuò chē cóng wŏmen xuéyuàn qù Jiāzhōu.</para>
- <para>At eight the exchange students from Taiwan will take bus from here to California.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect4>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77013_1993127563"/>2. Pivotal construction:</title>
- <para>Consider this sentence:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>她 男 朋 友 请 她 看 电 影 。 </para>
- <para>Tā nán péngyou qǐng tā kàn diàn yǐng . </para>
- <para>Her boyfriend invited her to see the movie.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>In this sentence, the underlined 她 is known grammatically as a “pivot”, and is the object of the first verb 请, and the subject to the second verb 看 .The second half of the sentence 她 看 电 影 is termed a “pivotal construction”, and carries out the action intended by the sentence subject, in this case, 她 男 朋 友。 There is a handful of verbs in the Chinese language, which can be used in pivotal constructions. Among them, we so far have learned 欢 迎 ( to welcome), 叫 (to ask ), 请 (to invite) and 有 (to have). For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>欢 迎 你 来 我 们 学 院 学 习 。 </para>
- <para>Huānyíng nǐ lái women xuéyuàn xué xí . </para>
- <para>We welcome you to come to our college to study.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她 叫 我 下 午 去 医 院 。 </para>
- <para>Tā jiào wǒ xiàwǔ qù yīyuàn .</para>
- <para>She asked me to go the hospital in the afternoon.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小 丁 有 一 个 哥 哥 在加 州 。 </para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng yǒu yí ge gēge zài Jiāzhōu .</para>
- <para>Ding has an older brother (who is) in California.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>Note that when verb 有 has a pivotal construction, the pivot is quantified with a number-measure.</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>谢 老 师 有 一 个 女 儿 是 大 学 生 。 </para>
- <para>Xiè lǎoshī yǒu yí ge nǚer shì dàxuésheng . </para>
- <para>Teacher Xie has a daughter, (who) is a university student.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>The summery of pivotal construction:</para>
- <para>Subject +Verb + Pivot + Verb</para>
- <para> 我+ 请 +他 +来</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77015_1993127563"/>3. Verbs in series:</title>
- <para/>
- <para>In a Chinese sentence, sometimes a series of verbs can be strung together. For instance:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我 们 开 车 去 看 电 影 。 </para>
- <para>Wǒmen kāi chē qù kàn diànyǐng .</para>
- <para>We drove to see the movie.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>In a case like this, the first verb usually describes the manner, fashion or means in which the action expressed by the second verb is conducted, while the following verb indicates the goal.</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 用 什 么 笔 写 字 ？</para>
- <para>Nǐmen yòng shénme bǐ xiě zì ？</para>
- <para>What pen are you going to use to write the characters？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77017_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77019_1993127563"/>Time expressions:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Asking and telling the time:</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para>B: Time expression as the attributive:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>C. Time Expression as the adverbial adjunct:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77021_1993127563"/>2. Pivotal constructions:</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77023_1993127563"/>3. Sentences with verbs in successions:</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77025_1993127563"/>Lesson 18</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77027_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77029_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Renmei Ding's Day</para>
- <para/>
- <para>A: Hello, Is Renmei Ding there?</para>
- <para>B: She is not here. Are you Xueyou Xie?</para>
- <para>A: Yes, and you are ...</para>
- <para>B: I’m Yingying Wang, Ding’s roommate.</para>
- <para>A: Hi, Yingying Wang. Can I leave a message?</para>
- <para>B: Sure. Please wait for a moment. I’ll go get a pen ... OK, go ahead.</para>
- <para>A: Please tell Ding, Tonight I’m inviting her to dinner. I will drive over to pick </para>
- <para> her up at about seven ten. Ask her to wait for me in the lobby of the first floor </para>
- <para> in your dorm building.</para>
- <para>B: You’ll leave your dorm at seven ten, right?</para>
- <para>A: No. I’ll arrive at your dorm at about seven ten.</para>
- <para>B: OK, arrive at about seven ten.</para>
- <para>A: Right.</para>
- <para>B: Do you have any other matters?</para>
- <para>A: That’s it. Thank you, Yingying Wang.</para>
- <para>B: You are welcome. See you.</para>
- <para>A: See you.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77031_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>i<para>课程复习:丁人美的一天</para><para/><para>甲: 喂, 丁人美在吗？</para><para>乙: 她不在。你是谢学友吧？</para><para>甲: 是啊, 你是...... </para><para>乙: 我是王英英, 小丁的室友。 </para><para>甲: 你好, 王英英。我给小丁留个话, 好吗？</para><para>乙: 好的。你等一下, 我去拿笔 ......好, 你说吧。 </para><para>甲: 请告诉小丁, 今天晚上我请她吃饭。我七点十分左右开车来接她。 请她在宿舍楼一楼的大厅等我。</para><para>乙: 你七点十分离开你的宿舍, 对吗？</para><para>甲: 不对, 我七点十分左右到你们宿舍。 </para><para>乙: 好的, 七点十分左右到。 </para><para>甲: 对了。 </para><para>乙: 你还有别的事吗？</para><para>甲: 没有。谢谢你, 王英英。</para><para>乙: 不谢。再见。 </para><para>甲: 再见。 </para></sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77033_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>課程復習:丁人美的一天 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 喂, 丁人美在嗎？</para>
- <para>乙: 她不在。你是謝學友吧？</para>
- <para>甲: 是啊, 你是...... </para>
- <para>乙: 我是王英英, 小丁的室友。 </para>
- <para>甲: 你好, 王英英。我給小丁留個話, 好嗎？</para>
- <para>乙: 好的。你等一下, 我去拿筆 ......好, 你說吧。 </para>
- <para>甲: 請告訴小丁, 今天晚上我請她吃飯。我七點十分左右開車來接她。 請她在宿舍樓一樓的大廳等我。乙: 你七點十分離開你的宿舍, 對嗎？</para>
- <para>甲: 不對, 我七點十分左右到你們宿舍。 </para>
- <para>乙: 好的, 七點十分左右到。 </para>
- <para>甲: 對了。 </para>
- <para>乙: 你還有別的事嗎？</para>
- <para>甲: 沒有。謝謝你, 王英英。</para>
- <para>乙: 不謝。再見。 </para>
- <para>甲: 再見。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77035_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Dīng Rénmĕi de Yìtiān</para>
- <para>Jiă: Wéi, Dīng Rénmĕi zài ma?</para>
- <para>Yĭ: Tā bú zài. Nĭ shì Xiè Xuéyŏu ba?</para>
- <para>Jiă: Shì a, nĭ shì..</para>
- <para>Yĭ: Wŏ shì Wáng Yīngyīng, Xiăo Dīng de shìyŏu.</para>
- <para>Jiă: Nĭhăo, Wáng Yīngyīng. Wŏ gĕi Xĭao Dīng liú gè huà, hăo ma?</para>
- <para>Yĭ: Hăode. Nĭ dĕng yíxiàr, wŏ qù ná bĭ..hăo, nĭ shuō ba.</para>
- <para>Jiă: Qĭng gàosù Xiăo Dīng, jīntiān wănshàng wŏ qĭng tā chī fàn. Wŏ qīdiăn shífēn zuŏyòu kāi Chē lái jiē tā. Qĭng tā zài sùshèlóu yīlóu de dàtīng dĕng wŏ.</para>
- <para>Yĭ: Nĭ qīdiăn shífēn líkāi nĭde sùshè duì ma?</para>
- <para>Jiă: Búduì, wŏ qīdiăn shífēn zuŏyòu dào nĭmen sùshè.</para>
- <para>Yĭ: Hăode. Qīdiăn shífēn zuŏyòu dào.</para>
- <para>Jiă: Duì le.</para>
- <para>Yĭ: Nĭ hái yŏu biéde shì ma?</para>
- <para>Jiă: Méiyŏu. Xièxie nĭ Wáng Yīngyīng.</para>
- <para>Yĭ: Búxiè. Zài jiàn.</para>
- <para>Jiă: Zàijiàn.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77037_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77039_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Renmei Ding's Day</para>
- <para>Renmei Ding studies Chinese language and literature in the East Asian Department in our University. Chinese is difficult to learn. Everyday, there are a lot of new vocabularies (which) need to be memorized, a lot of characters (which) need to be written, and a lot of homework (which) need to be done. So, Ding is always busy. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Everyday, Ding gets up at six thirty. After getting up, she reads Chinese texts out loud, and memorizes Chinese vocabularies. At seven fifty, she brushes her teeth, and takes a shower. She takes the school bus to go to the dining hall at eight thirty. Her boy friend Xueyou Xie waits for her at the dining hall entrance. They eat their breakfast together at the dining hall. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Ding’s Chinese class is at nine fifty in the morning. She is out of class at eleven ten. After class, sometimes she goes to library to read books; sometimes she goes to language lab to listen to the tapes. Her afternoon classes, some are two fifty’s, and others are four thirty’s. If there is no class in the afternoon, Ding sometimes goes to work at the bookstore, sometimes studies together with her classmates. Ding often eats dinner at six thirty. Sometimes she eats dinner with her boy friend, sometimes she eats by herself. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>In the evening, Ding often studies at the library. She also often goes to the computer room to use computers. She uses computer very often. She uses computer to do her homework. She also uses thecomputer to look for material and to write to her parents and her friends. Ding returns to her dorm to sleep at eleven thirty.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77041_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>丁人美的一天 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美在我们大学的东亚系学习中国语言和文学。中文不好学。每天有很多生词要背, </para>
- <para>很多汉字要写, 很多作业要做。所以, 小丁总是很忙。 </para>
- <para>小丁每天六点半起床。起床以后, 她朗读中文课文, 背中文生词。七点五十分, 她刷牙, </para>
- <para>洗澡。八点三十分, 她坐校车去食堂。她的男朋友谢学友在食堂的门口等她。他们一起</para>
- <para>在食堂吃早饭。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁的中文课是上午九点五十分的。十一点十分下课。下课以后, 她有时候去图书馆看</para>
- <para>书, 有时候去语言实验室听录音。下午, 小丁有时候有课, 有时候没有课。她下午的课, </para>
- <para>有的是两点五十分的, 有的是四点半的。如果下午没有课, 小丁有时候去书店工作, 有时</para>
- <para>候跟她的同学一起学习。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁常常六点半吃晚饭。晚饭她有时候跟她的男朋友一起吃, 有时候她一个人吃。晚上, </para>
- <para>小丁常常在图书馆学习。她也常常去电脑室用电脑。小丁常用电脑。她用电脑做作业, </para>
- <para>她也用电脑找资料, 给她爸爸, 妈妈和朋友写信。小丁十一点半回宿舍睡觉。 丁人美的一天 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77861_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>丁人美在我們大學的東亞系學習中國語言和文學。中文不好學。每天有很多生詞要背, </para>
- <para>很多漢字要寫, 很多作業要做。所以, 小丁總是很忙。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁每天六點半起床。起床以後, 她朗讀中文課文, 背中文生詞。七點五十分, 她刷牙, </para>
- <para>洗澡。八點三十分, 她坐校車去食堂。她的男朋友謝學友在食堂的 門口等她。他們一起</para>
- <para>在食堂吃早飯。小丁的中文課是上午九點五十分的。十一點十分下 課。下課以後, 她有時候去圖書館看</para>
- <para>書, 有時候去語言實驗室聽錄音。下午, 小丁有時候有課, 有時候沒有課。她下午的課, </para>
- <para>有的是兩點五十分的, 有的是四點半的。如果下午沒有課, 小丁有時候去書店工作, 有時</para>
- <para>候跟她的同學一起學習。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁常常六點半吃晚飯。晚飯她有時候跟她的男朋友一起吃, 有時候她一個人吃。晚上, </para>
- <para>小丁常常在圖書館學習。她也常常去電腦室用電腦。小丁很常用電腦。她用電腦做作業, </para>
- <para>她也用電腦找資料, 給她爸爸, 媽媽和朋友寫信。小丁十一點半回宿舍睡覺。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77043_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Dīng Rénmĕi de Yìtiān</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Dīng Rénmĕi zài wŏmen dàxué de Dōngyàxì xuéxí zhōngguóyŭyán hé wénxué. Zhōngwén bù hăo xué. Mĕitiān yŏu hĕnduó shēngcí yào bèi, hĕnduō Hànzì yào xiĕ, hĕn duō zuòyè yào zuò, suŏyĭ Xiăo Dīng zŏngshì hĕn máng. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng mĕitiān liùdiăn bàn qĭchuáng. Qĭchuáng yĭhòu, Tā lăngdú Zhōngwén kèwén, bèi zhōngwén shēngcí. Qīdiăn wŭshífēn, tā shuāyá, xĭzăo. Bādiăn sānshífēn, Tā zuò xiàochē qùshítáng. Tāde nán péngyŏu Xiè Xuéyŏu zài shítáng ménkŏu dĕng tā. Tāmen yìqĭ zài shítáng chīzăofàn. </para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng de Zhōngwén kè shì shàngwŭ jiŭdiăn wŭshífēnde. Shíyī diăn shífēn xiàkè Xiàkè yĭhòu, tā yŏushíhòu qù túshūguăn kàn shū, yŏushíhòu qù yŭyán híyànshi tīng lùyīn. Xiàwŭ Xiăo Dīng yŏushíhòu yŏu kè, yŏushíhòu méiyŏu kè. Tā xiàwŭ de kè yŏude shì liăngdiăn wŭshí fēn de, yŏude shì sìdiăn bàn de. Rúguŏ xiàwŭ méiyŏu kè, Xiăo Dīng yŏu shíhòu qù shūdiàn gōngzuò, yŏushíhòu gēn tāde tóngxué yìqĭ xuéxí. Xiăo Dīng chángchang liùdiăn bàn chī wănfàn. Wănfàn tā yŏushíhòu gēn nán péngyŏu yìqĭ chī. Yŏushíhòu tā yī gè rén chīfàn. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Wănshàng, Xiăo Dīng chángchang zài túshūguăn xuéxí Tāyĕ chángchang qù diànnăo shì yòng diànnăo. Xiăo Dīng hĕn cháng yòng diànnăo. Tāyòng diànnăo zuòzuòyè tāyĕ yòng diànnăo zhăo zīliào, gĕi tābàba, māma, hépéngyŏu xiĕxìn. Tā shíyīdiăn bàn huí sùshè shuìjiào. </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77045_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para> Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>大厅(大廳)</para></entry><entry><para>dàtīng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>lobby</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>作业(作業)</para></entry><entry><para>zuòyè </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>homework</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>门口(門口)</para></entry><entry><para>ménkǒu </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>entrance, gateway</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>早饭(早飯)</para></entry><entry><para>zǎofàn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>breakfast</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>晚饭(晚飯)</para></entry><entry><para>wǎnfàn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>dinner</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>校车(校車)</para></entry><entry><para>xiàochē </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>school bus</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>电脑室(電腦室)</para></entry><entry><para>diànnǎoshì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>computer room</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>录音(錄音 )</para></entry><entry><para>lùyīn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>tape recording</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to make a tape recording</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>床</para></entry><entry><para>chuáng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>bed</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>牙</para></entry><entry><para>yá </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>tooth</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>别的</para></entry><entry><para>bié de </para></entry><entry><para>adj./n.</para></entry><entry><para>other</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>天</para></entry><entry><para>tiān </para></entry><entry><para>m./n.</para></entry><entry><para>date, day</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>每</para></entry><entry><para>měi </para></entry><entry><para>adj./adv.</para></entry><entry><para>every, each</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>留</para></entry><entry><para>liú </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to leave</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>留话(留話)</para></entry><entry><para>liú huà </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to leave a message</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>离开(離開)</para></entry><entry><para>líkāi </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to leave</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>到</para></entry><entry><para>dào </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to arrive</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>朗读(朗讀)</para></entry><entry><para>lǎngdú v.</para></entry><entry><para>to read out loud</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>背</para></entry><entry><para>bèi </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to memorize</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>刷</para></entry><entry><para>shuā </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to brush</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>刷牙</para></entry><entry><para>shuā yá </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>to brush teeth</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>洗</para></entry><entry><para>xǐ </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to wash</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>洗澡</para></entry><entry><para>xǐ zaǒ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>to take a bath/shower</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>听(聽)</para></entry><entry><para>tīng </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to listen</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>起</para></entry><entry><para>qǐ </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to get up, to arise</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>起床</para></entry><entry><para>qǐ chuáng </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to get up (out of bed after waking)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>睡觉(睡覺)</para></entry><entry><para>shuìjiào </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to go to bed, to sleep</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>总是(總是 )</para></entry><entry><para>zǒngshì </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>always</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有时候(有時候)</para></entry><entry><para>yǒushíhòu </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>sometimes</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有的</para></entry><entry><para>yǒu de </para></entry><entry><para>pron.</para></entry><entry><para>some</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>左右</para></entry><entry><para>zuǒyòu </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>about, give and take</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>所以</para></entry><entry><para>suǒyǐ </para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>so, therefore </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77047_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77049_1993127563"/>More about measure words:</title>
- <para>Consider the following sentence from the dialogue 我 给 小 丁 留 个 话, 好 吗 ？</para>
- <para>Before the measure word 个 the numeral 一 is understood。 The sentence can go like this: 我 给 小 丁 留 一 个 话, 好 吗 ？</para>
- <para>The numeral 一 can often be omitted before the measure word 个, and sometimes before other measure words as well.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77051_1993127563"/>Passive voice:</title>
- <para>English has a specialized inflectional form for the passive voice of a verb. </para>
- <para>It is used when the subject of a sentence or clause represents something that is acted on. There are several ways of expressing an equivalent meaning in Chinese. One is simply to invert a verb-object phrase to produce a sentence in the passive voice. For example:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77053_1993127563"/>The expression of 有 的 ....有 的 .....:</title>
- <para>The indefinite pronoun 有 的, which means “some” in English, can be used as a subject in a sentence. For example:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>When two or more one clause each introduced by 有 的, are strung together, we term the pattern alternative construction. In this construction, each clause led by 有 的 expresses a possible outcome or course of action with respect to some choice or some undertaking. For instance:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77055_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77057_1993127563"/>1.Passive voice:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1. 谁 说 这 课 书 要 背 ？王 老 师 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>2. 这 辆 黑 车 卖 不 卖 ？ 不 卖 。 我 女 儿 很 喜 欢 这 辆 车 。 我 留 给 她 用 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>3. 咖 啡 早 上 喝 。 茶 下 午 喝 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>4. 晚 上 看 电 影, 好 吗 ？不 行, 事 太 多 了 : 汉 字 要 写, 课 文 要 念, 语 法 作 业 也 要 做 。 我 们 不 去 看 电 影, 去 图 书 馆 学 习, 好 吗 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>5. 妈 妈, 这 张 中 文 报 也 要 看 吗 ？要 。 中 文 书 要 天 天 念 , 中 文 报 也 要 天 天 看 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1. Shéi shuō zhè kè shū yào bèi？Wáng lăoshī. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>2. Zhèliàng hēi chē mài bú mài？Búmài. Wŏ nǚér hĕn xĭhuān zhèliàng chē. Wŏ liú gĕi tā yòng. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>3. Kāfēi zăoshàng hē chá xiàwŭ hē. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>4. Wănshàng kàn diànyĭng, hăo ma？Bùxíng, shì tài duō le: Hànzì yào xiĕ, kèwén yào niàn; yŭfă zuòyè yĕ yào zuò. Wŏmen bú qù kàn diànyĭng, qù túshūguăn xuéxì, hăo ma? </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>5. Māma, zhèzhāng Zhōngwén bào yĕ yào kàn ma？Yào. Zhōngwén shū yào tiāntiān niàn, Zhōngwén bào yĕ yào tiāntiān kàn. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1. Who said that this lesson should be memorized？Teacher Wang.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>2. Is this black car on sale or not？No. My daughter likes this car very much. I'll save it for her. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>3. Coffee is served in the morning; and tea is served in the afternoon.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>4. (Let's) see a movie tonight, OK？No, too much work: the Chinese characters need to be written; the text needs to be read; and the Grammar 语法 homework need to be done. Let's not go to the movie. (Let's) go to the library to study, OK？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>5. Mom, should this newspaper be read too？Yes. The Chinese textbook needs to be read every day; the Chinese newspaper needs to be read every day as well.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77059_1993127563"/>2. The expression of 有 的 ....有 的 .... :</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>中 国 人 一 定 都 喝 茶 。 不 对 。 有 的 喝 茶, 有 的 不 喝 。 我 就 不 喝 茶 。 我 喝 咖 啡 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>老 师 说 课 文 的 生 词 都 要 写 吗 ？不, 她 说 有 的 要 写, 有 的 不 要 写 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 下 午 的 课 是 几 点 的 ？有 的 是 一 点 十 分 的, 有 的 是 两 点 五 十 分 的 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 都 住 宿 舍 吗 ？不 都 住 。 我 们 有 的 住 学 院 的 宿 舍, 有 的 跟 爸 爸 妈 妈 在 家 住 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 银 行 的 职 员 怎 么 样 ？有 的 好, 有 的 不 怎 么 样 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她 有 九 个 孩 子 。 有 的 在 中 国, 有 的 在 外 国 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 们 都 想 去 北 京 学 习 汉 语 吗 ？ 有 的 想, 有 的 不 想 。 我 们 五 个 想 去 台 湾 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhōngguórén yìdìng dōu hēchá. Búduì. Yŏude héchá, yŏude bùhē. Wŏ jiù bù hēchá. Wŏ hē kāfēi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lăoshī shuō kèwén de shēngcì dōu yào xiĕ ma？Bù, tā shuō yŏude yào xiĕ, yŏude búy ào xiĕ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ xiàwŭ de kè shì jĭdiăn de？Yŏude shì yìdiăn shìfēn de, yŏude shì liăngdiăn wŭshìfēn de.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭmen dōu zhù sùshèma？Bù dōu zhù. Wŏmen yŏude zhù xuéyuàn de sùshè, yŏude gēn bàba, māma zài jiāzhù.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭmen yìnháng de zhìyuán zĕn me yàng？Yŏude hăo, yŏude bù zĕn me yàng.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā yŏu jiŭ gè háizi. Yŏude zài Zhōngguó, yŏude zài wàiguó.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭmen dōu xiăng qù Bĕijīng xuéxì Hànyŭ ma？Yŏude xiăng, yŏude bùxiăng. Wŏmen wŭ gè xiăng qù Táiwān.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chinese must all drink tea. That's not true. Some do; some don't. I don't drink tea. I drink coffee.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Did the teacher say that (we) should write all the new words in the lesson？No. She said some need to be written; some need not.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What time are your afternoon classes?Some are one ten; some are two fifty.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do all of you live at the dorms？Not all of us. Some of use live at the college dorms; some live with parents at home.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How are the clerks at your bank？Some are good; others are so so.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>She has nine children. Some are in China, others are abroad.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do all of you want to go to study in Beijing？Some do, others don't. Five of us want to go to Taiwan.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77061_1993127563"/>Lesson 19</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77063_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77065_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Do You Want Black Tea or Green Tea？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>A: Morning, may I help you (What do you want)?</para>
- <para> Ding: Can we have a pot of tea (We want a pot of tea)?</para>
- <para> A: What kind of tea？Black tea or Green tea?</para>
- <para> Ding: Do you have jasmine tea?</para>
- <para> A: Yes.</para>
- <para> Ding: We will have a pot of it.</para>
- <para> Xie: Miss, do you have Coca-Cola?</para>
- <para> A: Sorry, we only have Pepsi？Is Pepsi OK?</para>
- <para> Xie: OK. Let me have a glass.</para>
- <para> A: Large or small?</para>
- <para> Xie: A large one. I’m quite thirsty.</para>
- <para> A: OK. You want a pot of jasmine tea, and a Pepsi. What else?</para>
- <para> Ding: That’s it. We will order the main dishes later. OK?</para>
- <para> A: Sure.</para>
- <para> Ding: Thank you.</para>
- <para> A: You are welcome.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77067_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>你要红茶还是绿茶</para>
- <para/>
- <para>现在是上午十一点半。丁人美和她的男朋友小谢在唐人街的一家中国餐馆喝早茶。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 早。您要什么？</para>
- <para>丁: 我们要一壶茶。</para>
- <para>甲: 什么茶？红茶还是绿茶？</para>
- <para>丁: 有花茶吗 ？</para>
- <para>甲: 有。</para>
- <para>丁: 我们要一壶花茶。</para>
- <para>谢: 小姐, 你们有可口可乐吗？</para>
- <para>甲: 对不起, 我们只有百事可乐。百事可乐, 行吗？</para>
- <para>谢: 行。来一杯。</para>
- <para>甲: 大杯还是小杯？</para>
- <para>谢: 大杯的吧。我口很渴。</para>
- <para>甲: 好。你们要一壶花茶, 一杯百事可乐。还要别的吗？</para>
- <para>丁: 就这些吧。我们过一会儿点菜, 好吗？</para>
- <para>甲: 好。</para>
- <para>丁: 谢谢。</para>
- <para>甲: 不客气。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77069_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>你要紅茶還是綠茶</para>
- <para/>
- <para>現在是上午十一點半。丁人美和她的男朋友小謝在唐人街的一家中國餐館喝早茶。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 早。您要什麼？</para>
- <para>丁: 我們要一壺茶。</para>
- <para>甲: 什麼茶？紅茶還是綠茶？</para>
- <para>丁: 有花茶嗎 ？</para>
- <para>甲: 有。</para>
- <para>丁: 我們要一壺花茶。</para>
- <para>謝: 小姐, 你們有可口可樂嗎？</para>
- <para>甲: 對不起, 我們只有百事可樂。百事可樂, 行嗎？</para>
- <para>謝: 行。來一杯。</para>
- <para>甲: 大杯還是小杯？</para>
- <para>謝: 大杯的吧。我口很渴。</para>
- <para>甲: 好。你們要一壺花茶, 一杯百事可樂。還要別的嗎？</para>
- <para>丁: 就這些吧。我們過一會兒點菜, 好嗎？</para>
- <para>甲: 好。</para>
- <para>丁: 謝謝。</para>
- <para>甲: 不客氣。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77863_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Xiànzài shì shàngwŭ shí yī diăn bàn. Dīng Rénmĕi hé tāde nánpéngyou Xiăo Xiè zài Tángrénjiē de yì jiā Zhōngguó cānguăn hē zăochá. </para>
- <para/>
- <para> Jiă: Zăo. Nín yào shénme?</para>
- <para> Dīng: Wŏmen yào yìhúchá.</para>
- <para> Jiă: Shénme chá? Hóngchá hái shì lǜchá?</para>
- <para> Dīng: Yŏu huāchá ma?</para>
- <para> Jiă: Yŏu.</para>
- <para> Dīng: Wŏmen yào yìhúhuāchá.</para>
- <para> Xiè: Xiăojiĕ, nĭmen yŏu Kĕkŏukĕlè ma?</para>
- <para> Jiă: Duìbùqĭ, wŏmen zhĭ yŏu Băishìkĕle. Băishìkĕlè xíng ma?</para>
- <para> Xiè: Xíng, lái yì bēi.</para>
- <para> Jiă: Dà bēi háishì xiăo bēi?</para>
- <para> Xiè: Dàbēi de ba, Wŏ kŏu hĕn kĕ.</para>
- <para> Jiă: Hăo. Nĭmen yào yì hú huā chá, yì bēi băishìkĕlè. Hái yào bié de ma?</para>
- <para> Dīng： Jiù zhè xiē ba. Wŏmen guò yìhuĭr diăn cài, hăo ma?</para>
- <para> Jiă: Hăo.</para>
- <para> Dīng: Xièxie.</para>
- <para> Jiă: Búkèqì.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77071_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77073_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>They Went to the Chinatown in New York for Fun </para>
- <para/>
- <para>(It) is Saturday today. Renmei Ding and her boyfriend Xueyou Xie went to the Chinatown in New York to have fun. At nine in the morning they took train from New Jersey to New York. First they had morning tea at a Chinese restaurant in Chinatown. After morning tea, they went to a music shop to buy tapes. Xiao Ding likes music, and also likes to sing. But, in the past, she only listened to modern American songs and sings only modern American music. Recently, she started to listen to Chinese music, and to learn Chinese songs. Chinese music is full of variety: there are classical ones, and there are modern ones; there are folk songs, and there are popular music. Xiao Ding likes Chinese folk songs very much. She feels that Chinese folk songs are nice to listen to, and easy to learn. At the same time, (they) are very helpful to her in learning Chinese language. There are a lot of music shops in Chinatown. Xiao Ding comes here often to buy tapes. Today she has come again, hoping that (she) can return fully loaded. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77075_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>他们到纽约的唐人街玩儿</para>
- <para/>
- <para>今天是星期六。丁人美和她的男朋友谢学友到纽约的唐人街玩儿。他们上午九点 从纽泽西坐火车去纽约。他们先在唐人街的中国餐馆喝早茶。早茶以後, 他们到 音乐商店买音乐录音带。小丁喜欢音乐, 也爱唱歌。不过, 过去她只爱听美国现代音乐, 只爱唱美国现代歌曲 。现在, 她开始听中国音乐, 学唱中国歌。中国歌曲各种各样。有古典的, 也有 现代的；有民歌, 也有流行曲。小丁很喜欢中国民歌。她觉得中国民歌好听, 也好 学, 同时, 对她学习中文很有帮助。 唐人街有很多音乐商店。小丁常常来这儿买 录音带。今天她又来了, 希望能满载而归。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77077_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>他們到紐約的唐人街玩兒 </para>
- <para>今天是星期六。丁人美和她的男朋友謝學友到紐約的唐人街玩兒。他們上午九點 從紐澤西坐火車去紐約。他們先在唐人街的中國餐館喝早茶。早茶以後, 他們到音樂商店買音樂錄音帶。 小丁喜歡音樂, 也愛唱歌。不過, 過去她只愛聽美國現代音樂, 只愛唱美國現代歌曲 。現在, 她開始聽中國音樂, 學唱中國歌。中國歌曲各種各樣。有古典的, 也有現代的；有民歌, 也有流行曲。小丁很喜歡中國民歌。她覺得中國民歌好聽, 也好學, 同時, 對她學習中文很有幫助。 唐人街有很多音樂商店。小丁常常來這兒買錄音帶。今天她又來了, 希望能滿載而歸。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77079_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Tāmen Dào Niŭyuē de Tángrénjiē Wánr</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Jīntiān shì Xīngqīliù, Dīng Rénmĕi hé tāde nánpéngyou Xiè Xuéyŏu dào Niŭyuē de Tángrénjiē wánr. Tāmen shàngwŭ jiŭdiăn cóng Niŭzéxī zuò huŏchē qù Niŭyuē. Tāmen xiān zài Tángrénjiē de Zhōnguó cānguăn hē zăochá. Zăochá yĭhòu, tāmen dào yīnyuè shāngdiàn măi lùyīndài. </para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng xĭhuān yīnyuè, yĕ ài chànggē. Búguò guòqù tā zhĭ ài tīng Mĕiguó xiàndài yīnyuè zhĭ ài chàng Mĕiguó xiàndài gēqŭ. Xiànzài, Tā kāishĭ tīng Zhōngguó yīnyuè, xuéchàng Zhōngguógē. Zhōngguó gēqŭ gè zhŏng gè yàng: yŏu gŭdiăn de, yŏu xiàndài de; yŏu míngē yĕ yŏu liúxíng qŭ. Xiăo Dīng hĕn xĭhuān Zhōngguó míngē. Tā jué de Zhōngguó míngē hăotīng, yĕ hăo xué. Tóngshí </para>
- <para>duì tā xuéxí Zhōngwén hĕn yŏu bāngzhù. Tāngrénjiē yŏu hĕnduō yīnyuè shāngdiàn. Xiăo Dīng chángcháng lái zhèr măi lùyīndài. Jīntiān tāyòu lái le, xīwàng néng măn-zài-ér-guī. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77081_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para> Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>唐 人 街</para></entry><entry><para> Tángrén jiē</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Chinatown</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>餐 館</para></entry><entry><para>cānguăn n.</para></entry><entry><para>restaurant</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>花 茶</para></entry><entry><para>huā chá </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>scented tea, jasmine tea</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>可 口 可 樂</para></entry><entry><para>kĕkou kĕlè </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Coca-cola</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>百 事 可 樂</para></entry><entry><para>băishì kĕlè </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Pepsi-cola</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>菜</para></entry><entry><para>cài </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>dishes of a meal (courses)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>星 期 六</para></entry><entry><para>xingqi liù </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>Saturday</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>音 樂</para></entry><entry><para>yinyuè </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>music</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>錄 音 帶</para></entry><entry><para>lùyindài </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>audio-tape</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>歌</para></entry><entry><para>gē </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>song</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>曲 </para></entry><entry><para>qŭ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>music</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>歌 曲 </para></entry><entry><para>gēqŭ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>music and lyric</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>民 歌 </para></entry><entry><para>míngē </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>folk song</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>小 姐 </para></entry><entry><para>xiăojiĕ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>miss</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>橘 子 水 </para></entry><entry><para>júzishuĭ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>orange juice</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>啤 酒 </para></entry><entry><para>píjiŭ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>beer</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>壺 </para></entry><entry><para>hú </para></entry><entry><para>n.m.w.</para></entry><entry><para>pitcher</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>杯 </para></entry><entry><para>bēi </para></entry><entry><para>n. m.w.</para></entry><entry><para>cup</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>口 </para></entry><entry><para>kŏu </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>mouth</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>渴 </para></entry><entry><para>kĕ </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>thirsty</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>現 代 </para></entry><entry><para>xiàndài </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>modern, contemporary</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>古 典 </para></entry><entry><para>gŭdiăn </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>classical</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>流 行 </para></entry><entry><para>liúxíng </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>popular</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>各 種 各 樣 </para></entry><entry><para>gèzhong gèyàng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>Of different kind</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有 幫 助 </para></entry><entry><para>you bāngzhu </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para> helpful</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>滿 載 而 歸 </para></entry><entry><para>mănzài érguī </para></entry><entry><para>idiom</para></entry><entry><para> to return fully loaded</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>要 </para></entry><entry><para>yào </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to want</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>點 </para></entry><entry><para>diăn </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to order</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>到 </para></entry><entry><para>dào </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to arrive</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>玩 (兒 ) </para></entry><entry><para>wánr </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to play, to have fun</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>聽 </para></entry><entry><para>tīng </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to listen to</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>開 始 </para></entry><entry><para>kāishĭ </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to begin, to start</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>覺 得 </para></entry><entry><para>juéde </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to feel, </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>喜 歡 </para></entry><entry><para>xĭhuan </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to like</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>希 望 </para></entry><entry><para>xīwàng </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to hope</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>還 是 </para></entry><entry><para>háishì </para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>or</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不 過 </para></entry><entry><para>búguò </para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>but</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>過 去 </para></entry><entry><para>guòqù </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>in the past</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>過 一 會 兒 </para></entry><entry><para>guò yí huĭr </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>after a while</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>同 時 </para></entry><entry><para>tóngshí </para></entry><entry><para>time word</para></entry><entry><para>at the same time</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>又 </para></entry><entry><para>yòu </para></entry><entry><para>adv. </para></entry><entry><para>again</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>對 </para></entry><entry><para>duì </para></entry><entry><para>prep.</para></entry><entry><para>to, for</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>些 </para></entry><entry><para>xi ē </para></entry><entry><para> m.w. </para></entry><entry><para>some</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>行 嗎？</para></entry><entry><para>Xíng ma？</para></entry><entry><para> Idiomatic exp. </para></entry><entry><para> Is it OK?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77083_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>The conjunction 還 是 :</para>
- <para>The conjunction 還 是 indicates alternative. It’s English equivalent is ‘ or ’. The Chinese </para>
- <para>conjunction 還 是 is normally used in interrogative sentences. For example:</para>
- <para>1。(是 )你 還 是 她 明 天 去 看 媽 媽 ？(The choice is between the subjects 你and 她 )</para>
- <para>2。你 喝 茶 還 是 喝 咖 啡 ？ ( The choice is between the objects 茶 and 咖 啡 )</para>
- <para>3。她 想 看 書 還 是 寫 字 ？ ( The choice is between verb phrases 看 書 and 寫 字 ) </para>
- <para>4。今 天 晚 上 你 八 點 還 是 九 點 來 ？( The choice is between time words 八 點 and 九 點 )</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>Conjunction 還 是 can also be used in an declarative sentence with the implication of uncertainty.</para>
- <para>For instance:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>5。我 不 知 道 她 是 中 國 人 還 是 日 本 人 。 </para>
- <para> </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Topic construction:</para>
- <para>Consider this sentence:</para>
- <para>6。 我 口 很 渴 。 Wŏ kŏu hĕn kĕ. (As for) me, the mouth is thirsty.</para>
- <para>7。 小 謝 的 女 朋 友 人 很 好 。 </para>
- <para>8。我 們 學 院 老 師 很 好, 學 生 也 很 好 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para> The plural measure 些 :</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> The demonstrative pronouns 這, 那 and interrogative pronoun 哪 can indicate the plural by adding 些 to them. For example:</para>
- <para> 9。這 些 書 是 誰 的 ？是 以 前 的 那 位 漢 語 老 師 的 。 </para>
- <para> Zhè xiē shū shì shéi de？Shì yĭqián de nà wèi Hànyŭ lăoshī de. </para>
- <para> Whose books are those？(They) are the previous Chinese teacher’s.</para>
- <para> 10。 小 丁 很 喜 歡 那 些 中 國 民 歌 錄 音 帶 。 </para>
- <para> Xiăo Dīng hĕn xĭhuan nà xiē Zhōngguó míngē lùxiàngdài. </para>
- <para> Ding likes those tapes of Chinese folk songs very much.</para>
- <para> 11。 哪 些 歌 是 現 代 的 ？哪 些 歌 是 古 典 的 ？</para>
- <para> Nă xiē gē shì xiàndài de？Nă xiē gē shì gŭdài de？</para>
- <para> Which songs are modern？Which songs are classical?</para>
- <para> The plural 些 can also be added to the numeral 一 , which means ‘some’ in English:</para>
- <para> 12。 音 樂 有 各 種 各 樣的 , 人 也有 各 種 各 樣 的 ； 所 以, 一 些 人 喜 歡 流 行 曲, 一 些 人喜 歡 古 典 曲 。</para>
- <para> Yīnyuè yŏu gèzhŏng gèyàng de, rén yĕ yŏu gèzhŏng gèyàng de; suŏyĭ, yì xiē rén xĭhuan liúxíng qŭ, yì xiē rén xĭhuan gŭdiăn qŭ. </para>
- <para>Music, there are different kinds, and people, there are different kind, too; therefore, some like popular music, some like classical music.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that whenever plural 些 is added, there is no need to use another measure word; also it can only be used with the number one: 一 些‘a few’.</para>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>來as a causative verb:</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>Look at the sentence from the dialogue in Lesson Nineteen.</para>
- <para>13。 來 一 杯 (百 事 可 樂 )。 Lái yì bēi (băishì kĕlè). “Please make a cup of Pepsi come.” / “Please serve/bring a cup of Pepsi.</para>
- <para>The use of causative verbs in Literary Chinese is very common. But in Modern Chinese, there are only a few which can be used in a causative sense. The most often seen are 來 shown above; 上‘to make it come up’ and 出 ‘ to make it come out ’. Let’s see some more examples:</para>
- <para> 14。 先 生, 幾 點 上 菜 ？ Xiānsheng, jĭ diăn shàng cài？Sir, what time will you make the dishes come up?”/ “Sir, when dishes will be served?” </para>
- <para> 15。 聽 說 你 要 出 一 本 書了 , 對 嗎 ？Tīngshuō nĭ yào chū yì bĕn shū le, duì ma？“I heard that you are going make a book come out, right?” / “I heard that you are going to publish a book, right？ </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77085_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77087_1993127563"/>The conjunction 還 是</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Asking and telling the time: </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1。 昨 天 你 和 爸 爸 坐 車 還 是 開 車 去 紐 約 的 唐 人 街 ？</para>
- <para>2。 我 們 有 百 事 可 樂, 也 有 可 口 可 樂 。 你 要 百 事 可 樂 還 是 可 口 可 樂 ？</para>
- <para>3。 你常 常 在 宿 舍 還 是 在食 堂 吃 飯 ？媽 媽 的 飯 還 是 食 堂 的 飯 好 吃 。 </para>
- <para>4。 我 不 知 道 他 今 天 還 是 明 天 來 這 兒 介 紹 台 灣 電 影 。 他 跟 王 老 師 說 他 今 天 來 ； 跟 我 說 明 天 來 . </para>
- <para>5。你 們 去 加 州 玩 兒 還 是 去 那 兒 工 作 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1. Zuótiān nĭ hé bàba zuò chē háishì kāi chē qù Niŭyuē de Tángrén jiē？</para>
- <para>2. Wŏmen yŏu băishì kĕlè, yĕ yŏu kĕkŏu kĕlè. Nĭ yào băishì kĕlè háishì kĕkŏu kĕlè？</para>
- <para>3. Nĭ chángcháng zài sùshè háishì shítáng chīfàn？Māma de fàn háishì shítáng de fàn hăochī?</para>
- <para>4. Wŏ bù zhīdào tā jīntiān háishì míngtiān lái zhèr jièshào Táiwān diànyĭng. Tā gēn Wáng lăoshī shuō tā jīntiān lái; gēn wŏ shuō míngtiān lái. </para>
- <para>5. Nĭmen qù Jiāzhōu wánr háishì qù nàr gōngzuò？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1. Yesterday, did you and dad take a bus, or drive, to New York？</para>
- <para>2. We have Pepsi and Coca-Cola？Do you want Pepsi or Coca-Cola？</para>
- <para>3. Do you often go to eat at the dorm or in the dining hall？ Does Mom’s or the dining hall’s food taste better?</para>
- <para>4. I don’t know whether he will come today or tomorrow to introduce Taiwan Movies. He told Teacher Wang he would come today; and he told me he would come tomorrow. </para>
- <para>5. Will you go California to have fun or go there to work？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77089_1993127563"/>Topic construction:</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77091_1993127563"/>3. The plural 些 :</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1。 我 想 明 天 去 紐 約 的 唐 人 街 買 一 些 錄 音 帶 。 你 跟 我 一 起 去 嗎 ？ </para>
- <para>2。 你 什 麼 時 候 開 始 學 習 漢 語 ？這 個 學 期 。 這 些 漢 字 你 都 認 識 嗎 ？都 認 識 。 </para>
- <para>3。 你 以 前 的 那 些 學 生 現 在 都 在 哪 兒 工 作 ？ 聽 說 一 些 在 大 公 司 工 作, 一 些 在 大 學 教 書。 </para>
- <para>4 。 哪 些 書 是 你 的 ？那 些 新 的 是 我 的 。 舊 的 不 是 。 </para>
- <para>5。 先 生, 這 些 你 都 要 嗎 ？對, 這 些 我 都 要 。 您 滿 載 而 歸, 太 太 一 定 很 高 興 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ xiăng míngtiān qù Niŭyuē de Tángrén jiē măi yì xiē lùyīndài. Nĭ gēn wŏ yìqĭ qù ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ shénme shíhòu kāishĭ xuéxí Hànyŭ？Zhè gè xuéqī. Zhè xiē Hànzì nĭ dōu rènshi ma? Dōu rènshi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ yĭqián de nà xiē xuéshēng xiànzài dōu zài năr gōngzuò？ Tīngshuō yì xiē zài dà gōngsī gōngzuò yì xiē zài dàxué jiāo shū.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nă xiē shū shì nĭ de？Nàxiē xīn de shì wŏ de. Jiù de bú shì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiānshēng, zhè xiē nĭ dōu yào ma？Duì, zhè xiē wŏ dōu yào. Nín mānzài érguī, tàitai yídìng hĕn gāoxìng.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>I’m thinking of going to New York Chinatown tomorrow to buy some music tapes. Are you going with me?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When did you start learning Chinese？This semester. Do you recognize these characters？Yes.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where are those previous students of yours working now？( I ) heard that some are working in big companies, others are teaching at universities.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Which books are yours？Those new ones are mine. The old ones are not.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Sir, do you want all these？ Yes. I want all of them. You go home loaded (with all these beautiful things), (your) wife must be very happy.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title/>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77093_1993127563"/>Lesson 20</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77095_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77097_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>What Day of the Week is It Today?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>After class, Ding waits for Teacher Wang at the entrance of the Teaching Building. She wants to invite Wang to spend the Thanksgiving at her house.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Wang: Ding, you are still here.</para>
- <para>Ding: yes, I’m waiting for you.</para>
- <para>Wang: What can I do for you (What’s the matter)?</para>
- <para>Ding: Are you free this Thursday?</para>
- <para>Wang: What date is this Thursday?</para>
- <para>Ding: Twenty-seventh, November twenty-seventh, Thanksgiving day. Teacher wang, are you free this Thursday？I want to invite to spend the holiday at my house.</para>
- <para>Wang: Thanks, thanks. We don’t have class this Thursday. I do have time.</para>
- <para>Ding: You know Thanksgiving is a holiday for family members to get together. You are here by yourself, so I want to invite you to celebrate the holiday with us.</para>
- <para>Wang: Thanks, thank. I certainly will go, certainly will.</para>
- <para>Ding: You don’t have a car. I will ask my boyfriend to pick you up. Where are you living now?</para>
- <para>Wang: I’m still living in the university’s guest house.</para>
- <para>Ding: Xie will pick you up at two in the afternoon, OK?</para>
- <para>Wang: At two？Fine, fine. I will wait for him at the gate of the guest house at two Thursday afternoon.</para>
- <para>Ding: OK. So see you Thursday.</para>
- <para>Wang: See you.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77099_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>这个星期四是几号？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>下课以后, 小丁在教学楼门口等王老师。她想请王老师到她家过感恩节。 </para>
- <para>王: 小丁, 你还在这儿。</para>
- <para>丁: 是啊, 我等您呢。 </para>
- <para>王: 有事吗？</para>
- <para>丁: 这个星期四您有空吗？</para>
- <para>王: 这个星期四是几号？</para>
- <para>丁: 二十七号, 十一月二十七号, 感恩节。 </para>
- <para> 王老师, 星期四您有空吗？我想请您到我家过节。</para>
- <para>王: 谢谢, 谢谢。这个星期四我们不上课。我有空。 </para>
- <para>丁: 您知道感恩节是家人团聚的节日。您一个人在美国, 所以我想请您跟我们一起过节。</para>
- <para>王: 谢谢, 谢谢, 我一定去, 一定去。</para>
- <para>丁: 您没有车, 我让我男朋友来接您。您现在住哪儿？</para>
- <para>王: 我还住大学的招待所。 </para>
- <para>丁: 小谢下午两点来接您, 好吗？</para>
- <para>王: 两点？好, 好。星期四下午两点我在招待所门口等他。</para>
- <para>丁: 好。我们星期四再见。</para>
- <para>王: 再见。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77101_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>今天星期幾？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>下課以後, 小丁在教學樓門口等王老師。她想請王老師到她家過感恩節。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>王: 小丁, 你還在這兒。</para>
- <para>丁: 是啊, 我等您呢。 </para>
- <para>王: 有事嗎？</para>
- <para>丁: 這個星期四您有空嗎？</para>
- <para>王: 這個星期四是幾號？</para>
- <para>丁: 二十七號, 十一月二十七號, 感恩節。 </para>
- <para> 王老師, 星期四您有空嗎？我想請您到我家過節。</para>
- <para>王: 謝謝, 謝謝。這個星期四我們不上課。我有空。 </para>
- <para>丁: 您知道感恩節是家人團聚的節日。您一個人在美國, 所以我想請您跟我們一起過節。</para>
- <para>王: 謝謝, 謝謝, 我一定去, 一定去。</para>
- <para>丁: 您沒有車, 我讓我男朋友來接您。您現在住哪兒？</para>
- <para>王: 我還住大學的招待所。 </para>
- <para>丁: 小謝下午兩點來接您, 好嗎？</para>
- <para>王: 兩點？好, 好。星期四下午兩點我在招待所門口等他。</para>
- <para>丁: 好。我們星期四再見。</para>
- <para>王: 再見。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77103_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Zhège Xīngqīsì Shì Jǐ Hào？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Wáng: Xiǎo Dīng, nǐ hái zài zhèr.</para>
- <para>Dīng: Shì'a, wǒ děng nín ne. </para>
- <para>Wáng: Yǒu shì ma？</para>
- <para>Dīng: Zhège Xīngqīsì nín yǒukòng ma？</para>
- <para>Wáng: Zhège Xīngqīsì shì jǐ hào？</para>
- <para>Dīng: èr shí qī hào, shíyī yuè èr shí qī hào, Gǎn'ēnjié. </para>
- <para> Wáng lǎoshī, xīngqīsì nín yǒu kòng ma？Wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín dào wǒ jiā guòjié.</para>
- <para>Wáng: xièxie, xièxie. Zhège xīngqīsì wǒmen bù shàngkè. Wǒ yǒu kòng. </para>
- <para>Dīng: Nín zhīdao Gǎn'ēnjié shì jiārén tuánjù de jiérì. Nín yī gè rén zài Měiguó, suǒyǐ wǒ xiǎng qǐng nín gēn wǒmen yìqǐ guòjié.</para>
- <para>Wáng: Xièxie, xièxie, wǒ yīdìng qù, yīdìng qù.</para>
- <para>Dīng: Nín méiyǒu chē, wǒ ràng wǒ nánpéngyou lái jiē nín. Nín xiànzài zhù nǎr？</para>
- <para>Wáng: Wǒ hái zhù dàxué de zhāodàisuǒ. </para>
- <para>Dīng: Xiǎo xiè xiàwǔ liǎng diǎn lái jiē nín, hǎo ma？</para>
- <para>Wáng: Liǎng diǎn？Hǎo, hǎo. Xīngqīsì xiàwǔ liǎng diǎn wǒ zài zhāodàisuǒ ménkǒu děng tā.</para>
- <para>Dīng: Hǎo. Wǒmen Xīngqīsì zàijiàn.</para>
- <para>Wáng: Zàijiàn. </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77105_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77107_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Teacher Wang's Letter to His Wife </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dear Xijing:</para>
- <para>How are you?</para>
- <para>Today is the last Thursday of November, and also the American Thanksgiving Holiday. The university has a day off, so I got the time to write to you. Thanksgiving is a holiday for family reunion. I am far away from home by myself, so many a student’s of mine invite me to spend the holiday with their families. I accept the invitation of Ding, an American student of mine, and will go to her house to celebrate the holiday together with her family. This is my first time to be a guest at an American home, and participate in an American holiday party; at the same time, it is also the family’s first time to entertain a Chinese guest; I think it will be very interesting.</para>
- <para>The tenth day of next month is Kaikai’s fifth birthday. I am not home, and would like it very much that you plan him a pleasant birthday. Please tell him that Daddy loves him, and misses him; and tell him that Daddy wishes him happy, healthy, and a joyous birthday. December tenth I will call home. Talk to you then.</para>
- <para>Best wishes.</para>
- <para> Xueming</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77109_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para/>
- <para>王老师给他爱人的一封信 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>亲爱的西静: </para>
- <para/>
- <para>你好！ </para>
- <para/>
- <para> 今天是十一月的最后一个星期四, 也是美国的感恩节。大学不上课, 所以我有空给您写信。感恩节是亲人团圆的日子。我一个人远在他乡, 所以我的许多学生都请我去他们家过节。我接受美国学生小丁的邀请, 今天下午到她家跟她家人一起欢度佳节。这是我第一次去美国人家作客, </para>
- <para>参加美国人的节日晚会；同时, 也是她家第一次招待中国客人；我想一</para>
- <para>定很有意思。</para>
- <para> 下个月十号是开开的五岁生日。我不在家, 请你给他过个愉快的生日。告诉他, 爸爸爱他, 想他；告诉他, 爸爸祝他幸福健康, 生日愉快。十二月十号我会打电话回家。再谈。</para>
- <para> 祝好！ </para>
- <para> 学明 </para>
- <para> 97年 11月 27日 </para>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77111_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>王老師給他愛人的一封信 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>親愛的西靜: </para>
- <para>你好！</para>
- <para/>
- <para> 今天是十一月的最後一個星期四, 也是美國的感恩節。大學不上課, 所以我有空給您寫信。感恩節是親人團圓的日子。我一個人遠在他鄉, 所以我的許多學生都請我去他們家過節。我接受美國學生小丁的邀請, 今天下午到她家跟她家人一起歡度佳節。這是我第一次去美國人家作客, 參加美國人的節日晚會；同時, 也是她家第一次招待中國客人；我想一定很有意思。</para>
- <para>下個月十號是開開的五歲生日。我不在家, 請你給他過個愉快的生日。告訴他, 爸爸愛他, 想他；告訴他, 爸爸祝他幸福健康, 生日愉快。十二月十號我會打電話回家。再談。</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>祝好！ </para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>學明 </para>
- <para/>
- <para> 97年 11月 27日 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77113_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Wáng Lǎoshī Gěi Tā àiren de Yì Fēng Xìn</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Qīn'ài de xījìng: </para>
- <para>Nǐhǎo！ </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Jīntiān shì Shí yīyuè de zuìhòu yī gè xīngqīsì, yěshì Měiguó de Gǎn'ēnjié. Dàxué bù shàngkè, suǒyǐ wǒ yǒukòng gěi nín xiěxìn. Gǎn'ēnjié shì qīnrén tuányuán de rìzi. </para>
- <para>Wǒ yī gè rén yuǎn zài tāxiāng, suǒyǐ wǒ de xǔduō xuésheng dōu qǐng wǒ qù tāmen jiā guòjié. Wǒ jiēshòu Měiguó xuésheng xiǎo Dīng de yāoqǐng, jīntiān xiàwǔ dào tā jiā gēn tā jiārén yīqǐ huāndùjiājié. Zhè shì wǒ dì yī cì qù Měiguórén jiā zuòkè, cānjiā Měiguórén de jiérì wǎnhuì；tóngshí, yěshì tā jiā dì yī cì zhāodài Zhōngguó kèren； Wǒ xiǎng yī dìng hěn yǒu yìsi.</para>
- <para>Xià gè yuè shí hào shì kāi kāi de wǔ suì shēngri. Wǒ bùzài jiā, qǐng nǐ gěi tā guò gè yúkuài de shēngri. Gàosu tā, bàba ài tā, xiǎng tā； gàosu tā, bàba zhù tā xìngfú jiànkāng, shēngri yúkuài. Shí'èr yuè shí hào wǒ huì dǎ diànhuà huíjiā. Zàitán. </para>
- <para> Zhù hǎo！ </para>
- <para> Xuémíng </para>
- <para> </para>
- <para> 97nián 11yuè 27rì</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77115_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para> Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>感恩节(感恩節)</para></entry><entry><para>Gǎn'ēnjié </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Thanksgiving</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>空儿(空兒)</para></entry><entry><para>kòngr </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>spare time, free time</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>节(節)</para></entry><entry><para>jié </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>holiday</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>节日(節日 )</para></entry><entry><para>jiérì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>holiday</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>招待所</para></entry><entry><para>zhāodàisuǒ </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>guest house</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>亲人(親人)</para></entry><entry><para>qīnrén </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>families and relatives</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>家人</para></entry><entry><para>jiārén </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>family members</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>团圆(團圓)</para></entry><entry><para>tuányuán </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>reunion</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>邀请(邀請)</para></entry><entry><para>yāoqǐng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>invitation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>佳节(佳節)</para></entry><entry><para>jiājié </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>holiday</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>生日</para></entry><entry><para>shēngrì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>birthday</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>晚会(晚會)</para></entry><entry><para>wǎnhuì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>evening party</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>约会(約會)</para></entry><entry><para>yuēhuì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>appointment/date</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>年</para></entry><entry><para>nián </para></entry><entry><para>m./n.</para></entry><entry><para>year</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>月</para></entry><entry><para>yuè </para></entry><entry><para>m./n.</para></entry><entry><para>month</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>日</para></entry><entry><para>rì </para></entry><entry><para>m./n.</para></entry><entry><para>day, date</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>星期</para></entry><entry><para>xīngqī </para></entry><entry><para>m./n.</para></entry><entry><para>week, day of the week</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>封</para></entry><entry><para>fēng </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>to seal</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>岁(歲)</para></entry><entry><para>suì </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>years old</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>次</para></entry><entry><para>cì </para></entry><entry><para>m.</para></entry><entry><para>time</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>第</para></entry><entry><para>dì </para></entry><entry><para>prefix</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>第一次</para></entry><entry><para>dìyīcì </para></entry><entry><para>set phrase</para></entry><entry><para>the first time</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>过(過)</para></entry><entry><para>guò </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to spend (a holiday)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>团聚(團聚)</para></entry><entry><para>tuánjù </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to get together</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>接</para></entry><entry><para>jiē </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to pick up (a person)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>接受</para></entry><entry><para>jiēshòu </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to accept</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>参加</para></entry><entry><para>cānjiā </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to participate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>欢度(歡度)</para></entry><entry><para>huāndù </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to celebrate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>招待</para></entry><entry><para>zhāodài </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to entertain, to treat</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>祝</para></entry><entry><para>zhù </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to wish</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>祝贺(祝賀)</para></entry><entry><para>zhùhè </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to congratulate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>谈(談)</para></entry><entry><para>tán </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to talk</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>会(會)</para></entry><entry><para>huì </para></entry><entry><para>aux.</para></entry><entry><para>Will, shall</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>还(還)</para></entry><entry><para>hái </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>still</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一定</para></entry><entry><para>yídìng </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>Surely, certainly</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>远在他乡(遠在他鄉)</para></entry><entry><para>yuǎnzàitāxiāng </para></entry><entry><para>idiom</para></entry><entry><para>far away from home</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>许多(許多)</para></entry><entry><para>xǔduó </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>many</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>愉快</para></entry><entry><para>yúkuài </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>pleasant</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>幸福</para></entry><entry><para>xìngfú </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>happy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>健康</para></entry><entry><para>jiànkāng </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>healthy </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77117_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77119_1993127563"/>Expressions for the Year, Month, Week and Date:</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Year:</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> 1.a. 1997年 yījiŭjiŭqī nián the year of nineteen ninety seven</para>
- <para> 2000年 èrlínglínglíng nián the year of two thousands</para>
- <para> 1911年 yījiŭyīyīnián the year of nineteen eleven</para>
- <para> 1.b. 去 年 qùnián last year</para>
- <para> 今 年 jīnnián this year</para>
- <para> 明 年 mìngnián next year</para>
- <para> 后 年 hòunián the year after the next</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>2.a. 一 年 yì nián one year</para>
- <para> 两 年 liăng nián wo years</para>
- <para> 十 四 年 shísì nián fourteen years</para>
- <para>2.b. 每 年 mĕi nián every year</para>
- <para> 每 两 年 mĕi liăng nián every two years</para>
- <para> 每 十 年 mĕi shí nián every ten years</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>今 年 是 哪 (一 )年 ？Jīnnián shì něi yì nián? What year is this year?</para>
- <para> 你 想 哪 年 去 上 海 ？ Nǐ xiăng něi nián qù Shànghăi? Which year do you want to go to Shanghai?</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Month:</para>
- <para>Telling the month:</para>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>1.a. 一 月yī yuè anuary 二月 èr yuè February</para>
- <para> 三 月sān yuè March四月 sì yuè April</para>
- <para> 五 月wǔ yuè May 六月 liù yuèJune</para>
- <para> 七 月qī yuè July 八 月bā yuè August</para>
- <para> 九 月jiǔ yuè September 十 月shí yuè October</para>
- <para> 十 一 月 shíyī yuè November十 二 月 shíèr yuèDecember</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>1.b. 上 个 月 shàng ge yuèlast month</para>
- <para> 这 个 月 zhè ge yuè this month</para>
- <para>下 个 月 xià ge yuè next month</para>
- <para> Month as periods of time:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>2.a. 一 个 月 yí ge yuè one month</para>
- <para> 十 五 个 月 shìwŭ ge yuè fifteen months</para>
- <para>2.b. 每 个 月 mĕi ge yuè every month</para>
- <para> 每 两 个 月 mĕi liăn ge yuè every two months</para>
- <para>每 十 个 月 mĕi shí gè yuèevery ten months</para>
- <para/>
- <para> Asking for the month:</para>
- <para>下 个 月 ( 是 )几 月 ？Xià ge yuè ( shì )jǐ yuè ？ </para>
- <para>What month is next month?</para>
- <para>你 几 月 学 开 车 ？ Nǐ jǐ yuè xué kāi chē？ </para>
- <para>What month are you going to learn to drive?</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Date:</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>一 号 /一 yí hào/yí rì the first day (of a month)</para>
- <para>十 五 号 /十 五 shíwŭ hào/shìwŭ rì the fifteenth day (of a month)</para>
- <para>**the different between 号 and 日 is that 号is used in spoken language, while 日 is used in written.</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>2.a. 一 天 yì tiān one day</para>
- <para> 十 五 天 shíwŭ tiān fifteen days</para>
- <para>2.b. 每 天 mĕi tiān everyday</para>
- <para> 每 十 五 天 mĕi shìwŭ tiān every fifteen days</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>今 天 几 号 ？ Jīntiān jǐ hào ？ What date is it today?</para>
- <para>明 天 几 月 几 号 ？ Míngtiān jǐ yuè jǐ hào ？ What date is it tomorrow?</para>
- <para>他 们 几 号 来 纽 约 ？ Tāmen jǐ hào lái Niǔyuē What date will they come to New York?</para>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Week</para>
- <para>Telling the week:</para>
- <para>上 (个 )星 期 shàng (ge) xīngqī last week</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> 这 (个 )星 期 zhè (ge ) xīngqī this week</para>
- <para> 下 (个)星 期 xià (ge ) xīngqī next week</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Days of the week</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>星 期 一 xīngqī yī Monday</para>
- <para>星 期 二 xīngqī èr Tuesday</para>
- <para>星 期 三 xīngqī sān Wednesday</para>
- <para>星 期 四 xīngqī sì Thursday</para>
- <para>星 期 五 xīngqī wǔ Friday</para>
- <para>星 期 六 xīngqī liù Saturday</para>
- <para>星 期 天 /日 xīngqī tiān /rì Sunday</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Week as periods of time:</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>3.a. 一 个 星 期yì ge xīngqī one week</para>
- <para>两 个 星 期liăng ge xīngqī two weeks</para>
- <para>3.b. 每 个 星 期mĕi ge xīngqī every week</para>
- <para>每 两 个 星 期mĕi liăng ge xīngqī every two weeks</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Asking for the day of the week:</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>星 期 几 ？Xīngqī jǐ ？ What day of the week is it?</para>
- <para>今 天 星 期 几 ？Jīntiān xīngqī jǐ ？What day of the week is it today?</para>
- <para>你 星 期 几 有 汉 语 课 ？Nǐ xīngqī jǐ yǒu hànyǔ kè ？</para>
- <para>What days of the week do you have Chinese classes?</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>**Note that there is another expression for the English “week”, that is 礼 拜lĭbài, which can be used to substitute 星 期 .</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Calendar reading:</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>一 九 九 七 年 十 二 月 二 号 yī jiǔ jiǔ qī nián shíèr yuè èr hào 12/2/1997</para>
- <para>二 000年 一 月 十 八 号 èr líng líng líng nián yī yuè shíbā hào 1/18/2000</para>
- <para>一 九 九 七 年 十 一 月 二 十 七 日 星 期 四 </para>
- <para>yī jiǔ jiǔ qī nián shíyī yuè èrshíqī rì xīngqī sì</para>
- <para>Thursday, November twenty-seven nineteen ninety-seven</para>
- <para>** Note that the word order is bigger unit before the smaller unit, and the calendar date before the day of the week.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77121_1993127563"/>Expressions for age:</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Asking for age:</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>你 几 岁 ？ Nǐ jǐ suì ？ How old are you?</para>
- <para>The expression is used to ask for the age of a teenaged or younger person.</para>
- <para>你 多 大 ？ Nǐ duō dà ？ How old are you?</para>
- <para>The expression is use to learn the age of one’s contemporary.</para>
- <para>你 爸 爸 多 大 岁 数 ？ Nǐ bàba duō dà suìshù? How old is your dad?</para>
- <para>The expression is use to ask for the age of one’s elders.</para>
- <para>您 高 寿 ？ Nín gāo shòu? How old are you?</para>
- <para>This expression is used to ask for the age of a senior.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77123_1993127563"/>The nominal predicate:</title>
- <para>In addition to verbs and adjectives, nouns and noun phrases can also function as a predicate in a Chinese sentence. </para>
- <para>For instance:</para>
- <para>你 弟 弟 几 岁 ？ Nǐ dìdi jǐ suì ？ How old is your younger sister?</para>
- <para>Sub. Pre.</para>
- <para>今 天 星 期 五 。 Jīntiān xīngqī wǔ. It is Friday today.</para>
- <para>Sub. Pre.</para>
- <para>A sentence with a nominal predicate usually is a sentence indicating age, day or date, solar terms, opation, etc. To negate the sentences, add 不 是 before the predicates. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>今 天 不 是 星 期 五 。 Jīntiān bú shì xīngqī wǔ . It is not Friday today.</para>
- <para>现 在 不 是 下 午 八 点 。 Xiànzài bú shì xiàwǔ bā diǎn . It is not 8:00 PM now.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77125_1993127563"/>The prefix 第:</title>T<para>A Chinese ordinal number can be formed by placing the prefix 第 before numerals. For example:</para><para> 一 yīone 第一 dì yī the first</para><para> 二十 五 èrshíwǔ twenty-five 第 二 十 五dì èrshíwǔ the twenty-fifth</para><para> 一 百yìbăi one hundred 第 一 百 dì yìbăi the one hundredth</para><para>Being a type of specifier, ordinal numbers take a measure with the noun. For instance:</para><para> 第 一 个 孩 子 dì yí ge háizi the first child</para><para> 第 四 本 书 dì sì běn shū the fourth book</para><para> 第 十 五 条 裤 子 dì shíwŭ tiáo kùzi the fifteenth pair of pants</para><para> 今 年 的 第 三 天jīnnián de dì sān tiān the third day of this year</para><para> </para></sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77127_1993127563"/>5. The expression 第 X 次 :</title>
- <para>次 ( time, occasion ) is a measure word, hence ‘ first time ’ is 第 一 次 in Chinese. The first ( or whichever ) time of doing something is expressed according to this formula:</para>
- <para>这 /那 是 + Subj. + 第 一 次 + V./V(erb) P(hrase)</para>
- <para/>
- <para> 这 是 我 第 一 次 去 台 湾 。 </para>
- <para> Zhè shì wǒ dì yí cì qù Táiwān . </para>
- <para> This is for me the first time of going to Taiwan.</para>
- <para/>
- <para> 这 是 你 第 几 次 看 这 本 书 ？</para>
- <para> Zhè shì nǐ dì jǐ cì kàn zhè běn shū ？ </para>
- <para> Is this for you the whichever time of reading this book?</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77129_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77131_1993127563"/>Expressions for the Year, Month, Week and Date:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>上 个 星 期 四 下 午 五 点 一 刻</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>去 年 八 月 三 十 号 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>下 星 期 六 晚 上</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 个 月 二 十 五 号 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明 年 十 一 月 最 后 一 个 星 期 四 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨 天 几 月 几 号 ？星 期 几 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 爸 爸 的 生 日 几 月 几 号 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>每 星 期 你 都 有 汉 语 课 吗 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今 年 二 月 有 几 天 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 一 年 有 几 天 ？年 年 都 有 二 月 二 十 九 号 吗 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 明 年 八 月 你 在 哪 儿 ？我 想 我 在 北 京 大 学 学 中 文 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 一 个 星 期 有 几 天 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 你 喜 欢 纽 约 的 九 月 还 是 北 京 的 九 月 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 星 期 四 你 上 午 有 课 。 星 期 五 呢 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 我 请 你 参 加 星 期 六 晚 上 的 晚 会, 好 吗 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shàng ge xīngqīsì xiàwǔ wǔ diǎn yí kè</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qùnián bā yuè sānshí hào </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xià xīngqīliù wǎnshàng</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè ge yuè èrshíwǔ hào </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Míngnián shíyī yuè zuìhòu yī ge xīngqīsì </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān jǐ yuè jǐ hào ？Xīngqī jǐ ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ bàba de shēngrì jǐ yuè jǐ hào ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Měi xīngqī nǐ dōu yǒu hànyǔ kè ma ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīnnián èr yuè yǒu jǐ tiān ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> Yī nián yǒu jǐ tiān ？Niánnián dōu yǒu èr yuè èr shí jiǔ hào ma ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Míngnián bā yuè nǐ zài nǎr ？Wǒ xiǎng wǒ zài Běijīng dàxué xué Zhōngwén . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yí gè xīngqī yǒu jǐ tiān ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ xǐhuan Niǔyuē de jiǔ yuè hái shì Běijīng de jiǔ yuè ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xīngqīsì nǐ shàngwǔ yǒu kè . Xīngqīwǔ ne ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒ qǐng nǐ cān jiā xīngqīliù wǎnshàng de wǎnhuì, hǎo ma ？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>5:15 PM. Last Thursday</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>August 30, last year</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Next Saturday evening</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Twenty-fifth of this month</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The last Thursday of November, next year</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What date was it yesterday？And what day of the week was it?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What date was your Dad’s birthday?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you have Chinese classes every week?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many days are there in the February of this year?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> How many days are there in a year？ Does every year have February Twenty-ninth?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where will you be next August？ I think I will be studying Chinese in Peking University.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many days are there in a week?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you like New York’s September or Peking’s September?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Thursday you have class in the morning. How about Friday?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Can I invite you to participate in the party on Saturday evening?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>2、Asking and telling the age:</para>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>那 是 你 妹 妹 吗 ？她 今 年 几 岁 ？我 妹 妹 今 年 七 岁 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 说 你 爸 爸 有 两 个 姐 姐 。 她 们 多 大 岁 数 了 ？我 不 知 道 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 的 那 个 朋 友 今 年 多 大 ？我 不 知 道 。 我 们 美 国 人 不 喜 欢 问 别 人 的 岁 数 。 可 是, 你 们 现 在 在 中 国 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> 你 知 道 在 美 国 几 岁 可 以 喝 酒 吗 ？我 想 二 十 一 岁 吧 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我哥 哥 的 两 个 孩 子, 一 个 十 岁, 一 个 六 岁, 都 跟 我 学 汉 语 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明 天 是 我 女 儿 的 生 日 。 女 儿 过 十 六 岁 生 日, 你 说 给 她 买 什 么 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nà shì nǐ mèimei ma ？Tā jīnnián jǐ suì ？Wǒ mèimei jīnnián qī suì . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ shuō nǐ bàba yǒu liǎng ge jiějie . Tāmen duō dà suìshù le ？Wǒ bù zhīdao . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ de nà ge péngyou jīnnián duō dà ？Wǒ bù zhīdao . Wǒmen Měiguó rén bù xǐhuan wèn bié rén de suìshù . Kě shì, nǐmen xiànzài zài Zhōngguó . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ zhīdao zài Měiguó jǐ suì kěyǐ hē jiǔ ma ？Wǒ xiǎng èrshíyī suì ba . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒ gēge de liǎng ge háizi, yí ge shí suì, yí ge liù suì, dōu gēn wǒ xué hànyǔ . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Míngtiān shì wǒ nǚr de shēngrì . Nǚr guò shíliù suì shēngri, nǐ shuō gěi tā mǎi shénme ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1. Is that your younger sister？How old is she this year？My younger sister is seven this year.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>2. You mentioned that your father has two older sisters. How old are they now？I don’t know.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>3. How old is that friend of yours？I don’t know. We Americans do not like to ask for other’s age. But, you are now in China.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>4. Do you know how old (one) can drink in the States？I think (when one is) twenty-one.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>5. The two kids of my older brothers, one (is) ten, the other (is) six, both learn Chinese from me.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>6. It will be my daughter’s birthday tomorrow. Daughter celebrates her sixteen birthday, what should I buy for her?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77133_1993127563"/>3、The Nominal Predicate:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>今 天 几 号 ？今 天 十 五 号 。 昨 天 呢 ？昨 天 十 四 号 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>去 年 一 九 九 六, 今 年 一 九 九 七 。 这 两 年 我 都 在 台 湾 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 个 小 男 孩 今 年 三 岁 。 那 个 女 孩 呢 ？那 是男 孩 的 姐 姐, 今 年 五 岁 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今 天 感 恩 节 。 感 恩 节 是 家 人 团 聚 的 节 日 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>现 在 几 点 ？四 点 。 我 六 点 半 以 后 有 空 。 你 六 点 半 来, 好 吗 ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān jǐ hào ？Jīntiān shí wǔ hào . Zuótiān ne ？Zuótiān shí sì hào . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qùnián yī jiǔ jiǔ liù, jīnnián yī jiǔ jiǔ qī . Zhè liǎng nián wǒ dōu zài Táiwān . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè ge xiǎo nánhái jīnnián sān suì . Nà ge nǚhái ne ？Nà shì nán hái de jiějie, jīnnián wǔ suì . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān Gǎn'ēnjié . Gǎn'ēnjié shì jiārén tuánjù de jiérì . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiànzài jǐ diǎn ？Sì diǎn . Wǒ liù diǎn bàn yǐhòu yǒu kòng . Nǐ liù diǎn bàn lái, hǎo ma ？ </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>What date is today？Today is fifteenth. And yesterday？Yesterday is fourteenth.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Last year it was nineteen ninety-six. This year it is nineteen ninety-seven. I am in Taiwan these two years.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This little boy is three this year. How about the girl？ She is the older sister of the boy. (She is) five this year.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Today is Thanksgiving Day. Thanksgiving is a holiday for family reunion.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What time is it now？Four. I have spare time after six thirty. Can you come at six thirty?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77135_1993127563"/>4、The prefix 第 :</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>一 月 一 号 是 新 年 的 第 一 天 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>七 月 的 第 四 天 是 美 国 的 什 么 节 日 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>很 多 中 国 人 的 名 字 都 是 两 个 字 。 我 的 也 是 。 第 一个 是 「 家 」, 第 二 个 是 「 恩 」 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你 爸 爸 妈 妈 有 几 个 孩 子 ？三 个 。 我 是 他 们 的 第 一 个 孩 子 。 噢, 你 是 老 大 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今 天 你 有 几 节 课 ？三 节 : 第 一 节 是 上 午 九 点 五 十 的, 第 二 节 是 中 午 一 点 十 分 的, 第 三 节 是 下 午 四 点 半 的 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yī yuè yī hào shì xīn nián de dì yī tiān . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qī yuè de dì sì tiān shì Měiguó de shénme jiérì ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Hěn duō Zhōngguó rén de míngzì dōu shì liǎng ge zì . Wǒ de yě shì . Dì yí ge shì 「 jiā 」, dì èr ge shì 「 ēn 」 . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nǐ bàba māma yǒu jǐ ge háizi ？Sān ge . Wǒ shì tāmen de dì yí ge háizi . Ō, nǐ shì lǎo dà .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān nǐ yǒu jǐ jié kè ？Sān jié : Dì yī jié shì shàngwǔ jiǔ diǎn wǔ shí de, dì èr jié shì zhōngwǔ yī diǎn shí fēn de, dì sān jié shì xiàwǔ sì diǎn bàn de . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>January the first is the first day of a new year. What will you do on the first day of this year?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What American holiday is the fourth day of July?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Many Chinese people’s first name are of two characters. So is mine. The first character is “jia”, and the second one is “en”.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many children do your parents have. Three, and I am their first child. Oh, you are the first born.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many classes do you have today？Three: the first period is 9:50 in the morning; the second is 1:10 at noon; and the third period is 4:30 in the afternoon.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77137_1993127563"/>5、The expression of 第 X 次 :</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 是 我 第 一 次 去 美 国 人 家 作 客 。 我 想 一 定 很 有 意 思 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 是 他 这 个 月 第 三 次 回 家 看 我 。 他 说 他 想 家, 也 想 我 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 是 你 第 一 次 来 中 国 吧 ？不, 这 是 第 三 次 。 我 每 两 年 来 一 次 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 电 影 太 有 意 思 了 。 你 知 道 这 是 我 第 几 次 看 这 电 影 吗 ？谁 知 道 ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 是 我 们 第 一 次 去 纽 约 的 唐 人 街 。 唐 人 街 不 好 找 。 我 们 坐 车 去 吧 。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这 是 我 第 一 次 也 是 我最 后 一 次 在 美 国 给 您 写 信 。 </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì wǒ dì yī cì qù Měiguó rén jiā zuò kè . Wǒ xiǎng yídìng hěn yǒu yìsi . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì tā zhè ge yuè dì sān cì huí jiā kàn wǒ . Tā shuō tā xiǎng jiā, yě xiǎng wǒ . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì nǐ dì yī cì lái Zhōngguó ba ？Bù, zhè shì dì sān cì . Wǒ měi liǎng nián lái yī cì . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè diànyǐng tài yǒu yìsi le . Nǐ zhīdao zhè shì wǒ dì jǐ cì kàn zhè diànyǐng ma ？Shuí zhīdao ？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì wǒmen dì yī cì qù Niǔyuē de tángrénjiē . Tángrénjiē bù hǎo zhǎo . Wǒmen zuò chē qù ba . </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì wǒ dì yī cì yě shì wǒ zuìhòu yī cì zài Měiguó gěi nín xiě xìn . </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>This is my first time to be a guest in an American family. I’m sure it will be fun.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This is his third time in this month to come home and see me. He says he is homesick and misses me.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is this the first time of you to come to China？No. This is the third time. I come every two years.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This movie is a lot of fun. Do you know this is my how-many-th time of seeing it？Who knows?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This is our first time to go to New York’s Chinatown. Chinatown isn’t easy to locate. Let’s take a bus to go there.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This is my first and also my last time to write to you here in the States.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para>Part 2</para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77139_1993127563"/>Lesson 21</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77141_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77143_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Happy Birthday to You </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Ding: Xueyou, what time now?</para>
- <para>Xie:H alf past five. What are you busy with?</para>
- <para>Ding: Today is Hua Jiang’s birthday. He invited us to attend his B-day party.</para>
- <para>Xie:Y es, yes. What time did he say is the party?</para>
- <para>Ding: Seven.</para>
- <para>Xie: Now it is only five thirty; still early. What’s the fuss?</para>
- <para>Ding: Why not the fuss?! Today is Hua’s twenty-one birthday, we got to give him some gift. What do you think we get for him?</para>
- <para>Xie: Buy an interesting birthday card.</para>
- <para>Ding: Buy just a card？Too little.</para>
- <para>Xie: He likes music. Let’s get him a CD. Yes, When I had my birthday, the CD you gave me was nice. Let’s also buy him one.</para>
- <para>Ding: So, we have to leave now. (We) have to buy stuff on the way.</para>
- <para>Xie: OK....Renmei, what do you think I should wear?</para>
- <para>Ding: Whatever you like.</para>
- <para>Xie: Look, this pants, how is it?</para>
- <para>Ding: Not bad, but I like the dark-blue one better.</para>
- <para>Xie: Fine, (I’ll) do what you say.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77145_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>祝你生日快乐</para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁 : 学友, 几点了？</para>
- <para>谢 : 四点半。你忙什麽？</para>
- <para>丁 : 今天是江华的生日。他请我们参加他的生日晚会。</para>
- <para>谢 : 对了, 对了。他说晚会是几点？</para>
- <para>丁 : 七点。</para>
- <para>谢 : 现在才五点半, 还早呢。你忙什麽？</para>
- <para>丁 : 我怎麽不忙？！今天是江华二十一岁的生日, 我们得送他礼物。你说我们买什麽送他呢？</para>
- <para>谢 : 买一张有意思的生日卡吧。</para>
- <para>丁 : 就买生日卡？太少了！</para>
- <para>谢 : 江华喜欢音乐, 送他一张光碟吧。对了, 我生日的</para>
- <para>时候, 你送我的那张光碟很不错。我们也给他买一张吧。</para>
- <para>丁 : 所以, 我们现在得走啦。路上还得买东西呢。</para>
- <para>谢 : 好吧.....人美, 你说我穿什麽？</para>
- <para>丁 : 随你的便。</para>
- <para>谢 : 你看, 这条裤子怎么样？</para>
- <para>丁 : 不错, 可是我更喜欢那条深蓝色的。</para>
- <para>谢 : 行啊, 听你的。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77147_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>祝你生日快樂</para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁 ﹕ 學友, 幾點了？</para>
- <para>謝 ﹕ 四點半。你忙什麼？</para>
- <para>丁 ﹕ 今天是江華的生日。他請我們參加他的生日晚會。</para>
- <para>謝 ﹕ 對了, 對了。他說晚會是幾點？</para>
- <para>丁 ﹕ 七點。</para>
- <para>謝 ﹕ 現在才五點半, 還早呢。你忙什麼？</para>
- <para>丁 ﹕ 我怎麼不忙？！今天是江華二十一歲的生日, 我們得送他禮物。你說我們買什麼送他呢？</para>
- <para>謝 ﹕ 買一張有意思的生日卡吧。</para>
- <para>丁 ﹕ 就買生日卡？太少了！</para>
- <para>謝 ﹕ 江華喜歡音樂, 送他一張光碟吧。對了, 我生日的時候, 你送我的那張光碟很不錯。我們也給他買一張吧。</para>
- <para>丁 ﹕ 所以, 我們現在得走啦。路上還得買東西呢。</para>
- <para>謝 ﹕ 好吧.....人美, 你說我穿什麼？</para>
- <para>丁 ﹕ 隨你的便。</para>
- <para>謝 ﹕ 你看, 這條褲子怎么樣？</para>
- <para>丁 ﹕ 不錯, 可是我更喜歡那條深藍色的。</para>
- <para>謝 ﹕ 行啊, 聽你的。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77149_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Zhù Nĭ Shēngrì Kuàilè</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dīng: Xuéyŏu, jĭdiăn le?</para>
- <para>Xiè: Wŭdiăn bàn. Nĭ máng shénme?</para>
- <para>Dīng: Jīntiān shìJiāng Huá de shēngrì. Tā qĭng wŏmen cānjiā tāde shēngrì wănhuì</para>
- <para>Xiè: Duìle, duìle. Tā shuō wănhuìshì jĭdiăn?</para>
- <para>Dīng: Qīdiăn.</para>
- <para>Xiè: Xiànzài cái wŭdiăn bàn, hái zăo ne. Nĭ máng shénme?</para>
- <para>Dīng: Wŏzĕnme bù máng？Jīntiān shì Jiāng Huá èrshíyī suì de shēngrì, wŏmen dĕi sòng tālĭwù Nĭ shuō wŏmen sòng tā shénme ne?</para>
- <para>Xiè: Măi yìzhāng yŏu yìsi de shēngrìkă ba.</para>
- <para>Dīng: Jiùmăi shēngrìkă. Tài shăo le.</para>
- <para>Xiè: Jiāng Huáxĭhuān yīnyuè sòng tā yìzhāng guāngdié ba. Duìle, wŏ shēngrì de shíjòu, nĭ sòng wŏde nàzhāng guāngdié hĕn búcuò. Wŏmen yĕ gĕi tā măi yìzhāng ba.</para>
- <para>Dīng: Suŏyĭ wŏmen xiànzài dĕi zŏu la. Lùshàng hái dĕi măi dōngxi ne.</para>
- <para>Xiè: Hăoba...Rénmĕi, nĭ shuō wŏ chuān shénme?</para>
- <para>Dīng: Suínĭde biàn.</para>
- <para>Xiè: Nĭ kàn zhè tiáo kùzi zĕnme yàng?</para>
- <para>Dīng: Búcuò kĕshì wŏ gèng xĭhuān nàtiáo shēnlán de.</para>
- <para>Xiè: Xíng a, tīng nĭde.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77151_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77153_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Hua Jiang’s birthday</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Today is Saturday; (it) is also Hua Jiang’s twenty-one birthday. Xueyou and I went to Hua’s home to attend his birthday party. The people who came to the party were quite a lot: some were Hua’s college classmates, some were Hua’s childhood friends. Everyone sang and danced; (everyone) laughed and had fun; (and everyone) was very happy. </para>
- <para>Hua showed us his family pictures. Hua’s grandparents were both in Taiwan, but Hua said he did not go to Taiwan often; his grandparents came often to the States to visit them. Every time when (they) came, they brought Hua a lot of Taiwan’s local specialties: there were goodies to eat, and there were things for use. Hua was happy. </para>
- <para>Hua has a younger sister, (who) is very beautiful. I asked Hua how old his sister was. He told me she was sixteen this year, and attended high school. Hua’s younger sister did not look like Hua, nor did she look like their mother, but she looked very much like their grandma. (It was) very interesting. Hua told me his grandparents liked her sister a lot. To be honest, I like her a lot, too. </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77155_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>江华的生日晚会</para>
- <para/>
- <para>今天星期六, 也是江华二十一岁的生日。我和学友去江华家参加他的生日晚会。参加晚会的人很多, 有的是江华大学的同学, 有的是江华小时候的朋友。大家又唱又跳, 又笑又闹, 非常开心。</para>
- <para>江华让我们看他一家人的照片。江华的爷爷奶奶都在台湾, 可是江华说他不常回台湾, 爷爷奶奶常来美国看他们。每次来, 他们都给江华带很多台湾土特产, 有吃的, 还有用的, 江华很高兴。</para>
- <para>江华有一个妹妹, 很漂亮。我问江华他妹妹今年多大。江华告诉我她今年十六岁, 上高中。江华的妹妹不像江华, 也不像他们的妈妈, 可是很像他们的奶奶。</para>
- <para>很有意思。江华告诉我他的爷爷奶奶非常喜欢他妹妹。说实在的, 我也很喜欢</para>
- <para>他妹妹。 </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77157_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>江華的生日晚會</para>
- <para/>
- <para>今天星期六, 也是江華二十一歲的生日。我和學友去江華家參加他的生日晚會。參加晚會的人很多, 有的是江華大學的同學, 有的是江華小時候的朋友。大家又唱又跳, 又笑又鬧, 非常開心。</para>
- <para>江華讓我們看他一家人的照片。江華的爺爺奶奶都在台灣, 可是江華說他不常回台灣, 爺爺奶奶常來美國看他們。每次來, 他們都給江華帶很多台灣土特產, 有吃的, 還有用的, 江華很高興。</para>
- <para>江華有一個妹妹, 很漂亮。我問江華他妹妹今年多大。江華告訴我她今年十六歲, 上高中。江華的妹妹不像江華, 也不像他們的媽媽, 可是很像他們的奶奶。很有意思。江華告訴我他的爺爺奶奶非常喜歡他妹妹。說實在的, 我也很喜歡</para>
- <para/>
- <para>他妹妹。 </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77159_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>n<para>Jiāng Huá de shēngrì wănhuì </para><para/><para>Jīntiān Xīngqīliù yĕshì Jiāng Huá èrshíyīsuì de shēngrì. Wŏ hé Xuéyŏu qù Jiāng Huá jiā cānjiā tāde shēngrì wănhuì. Cānjiā wănhuì de rén hĕn duō, yŏude shì Jiāng Huá dàxué de tóngxué yŏude shì Jiāng Huá xiăo shíhòu de péngyou. Dàjiā yòu chàng yòu tiào, yòu xiào yòu nào, fēicháng gāoxìng. </para><para>Jiāng Huá ràng wŏmen kàn tā yìjiā rén de zhàopiàn. Jiāng Huá de yéye năinăi dōu zài Táiwān, kĕshì Jiāng Huá shuō tā bù cháng huí Táiwān, yéye năinai cháng lái Mĕiguó kàn tāmen. Mĕi cì lái, tāmen dōu gĕi Jiāng Huá dài hĕn duō. Táiwān tŭtèchăn, yŏu chīde, yŏu yòngde, Jiáng Huá hĕn gāoxìng.</para><para>Jiāng Huá yŏu yígè mèimei, hĕn piàoliàng. Wŏ wèn Jiāng Huá tā mèimei jīnnián duō dà. Jiāng Huá gàosù wŏ tā jīnnián shíliù suì shàng gāozhōng. Jiāng Huá de mèimei bú xiàng Jiāng Huá yĕ bú xiàng tāmen de māma, kĕshì hĕn xiàng tāmen de năinai. Hĕn yŏu yìsi. Jiāng Huá gàosù wŏ tāde yéye năinai fēicháng xĭhuān tā mèimei. Shuō shízài de, wŏ yĕ hĕn xĭhuān tā mèimei. </para><para/><para/><para/></sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77161_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words </para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>礼物</para></entry><entry><para>lĭwù</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>gift, present</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>卡</para></entry><entry><para>kă</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>card</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>光碟</para></entry><entry><para>guāngdié</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>CD</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>色</para></entry><entry><para>sè</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>color</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>照片</para></entry><entry><para>zhàopiàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>photo, picture</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>爷爷</para></entry><entry><para>yéye</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>grandpa</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>奶奶</para></entry><entry><para>năinai</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>grandma</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>土特产</para></entry><entry><para>tŭtèchăn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>locally produced specialties</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>东西</para></entry><entry><para>dōngxi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>stuff, things</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>送</para></entry><entry><para>sòng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to give as a gift</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>唱</para></entry><entry><para>chàng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to sing</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>跳</para></entry><entry><para>tiào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to jump, to dance</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>笑</para></entry><entry><para>xiào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to laugh</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>闹</para></entry><entry><para>nào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to make noise</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>让</para></entry><entry><para>ràng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to let, to allow</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>带</para></entry><entry><para>dài</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to bring</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>像</para></entry><entry><para>xiàng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to be like, to resemble</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不错</para></entry><entry><para>búcuò</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>Not bad, nice</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>深蓝</para></entry><entry><para>shēnlán</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>Dark-blue, deep-blue</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>开心</para></entry><entry><para>kāixīn</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>happy, joyous</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>漂亮</para></entry><entry><para>piàoliang</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>beautiful</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>更</para></entry><entry><para>gèng</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>even more</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>非常</para></entry><entry><para>fēicháng</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>very</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>dĕi</para></entry><entry><para>modal verb</para></entry><entry><para>have to, need</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>怎麽</para></entry><entry><para>zĕnme </para></entry><entry><para>interrogative pro.</para></entry><entry><para>how, why</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>多</para></entry><entry><para>duō</para></entry><entry><para>interrogative pro.</para></entry><entry><para>how, to what extent</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>...的时候</para></entry><entry><para>...de shìhòu </para></entry><entry><para>set exp.</para></entry><entry><para>the time when</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>小时候</para></entry><entry><para>xiăo shìhòu</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>when young</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>随你的便</para></entry><entry><para>suì nĭ de biàn</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>do as you like</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>听你的</para></entry><entry><para>tīng nĭ de</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>do what you say</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>说实在的</para></entry><entry><para>shuō shìzài de</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>to be honest</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77163_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77165_1993127563"/>1.When a verb/verb phrase or a clause modifying a noun:</title>
- <para>We have come across Chinese noun phrase such as: 很好的朋友, 乾净的房间 .In those two examples, the nouns 朋友 and 房间 are respectively modified by the adjectives 很好 and 乾净 .The structural的 marks the relationship between the modifier and the modified:</para>
- <para>很好 的 朋友</para>
- <para>The modifier 的 the modified</para>
- <para>The format applies when the modifier is a verb/verb phrase or a clause. For example:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem/>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>Points of merits:</para>
- <para>(1)Notice the difference in word order between the Chinese phrases and their English equivalents. In Chinese the modifier ALWAYS PRECEDES the modified, while in English the opposite is the truth. </para>
- <para>(2)In English, when a verb or a verb phrase modifies a noun, there is no structural connector to mark the relation. </para>
- <para>See example 1 and 2.</para>
- <para>(3)In English, when a clause modifies a noun, there is usually a structural connector, which could be WHICH, WHO, </para>
- <para>WHOM, WHEN, WHAT. But, whatever the connector is, when translated into Chinese, it takes the form of 的 .See example 3 and 4.</para>
- <para>(4)In Chinese, when the modified noun is understood in the context, it can be omitted. For example:</para>
- <para>昨天妈妈买很多东西, 有吃的( ), 也有用的().</para>
- <para>Yesterday Mom bought a lot of stuff. There are stuff to eat; there are stuff to use.</para>
- <para>When the noun is used in a general sense, it can also be omitted. For example:</para>
- <para>学中文的( ) Those who study Chinese.</para>
- <para>今天来的( ) Those who come today.</para>
- <para>她说的 () What(those which) she said.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77167_1993127563"/>2. The conjunction ...的时候：</title>
- <para>The conjunction ..的时候is an equivalent to English “when...” or “the time when...”. The difference between Chinese ..的时候and English “when” or “the time when...” is that in Chinese the conjunction is AFTER the clause, while in English the conjunction is BEFORE the clause. For example:</para>
- <para>我吃饭 的时候 when I eat</para>
- <para>clause conjunction conjunction clause</para>
- <para>去年他回台湾 的时候 when he returned to Taiwan last year</para>
- <para>clause conjunction means conjunction clause</para>
- <para>Now let’s look at some sentences with a time clause:</para>
- <para>我吃饭的时候, (我)不看电视。 When I eat, I don’t watch TV.</para>
- <para>她来的时候, 我不在。 I wasn’t in, when she came.</para>
- <para>Points of merits:</para>
- <para>Note that the position of English time clause is flexible, it could be before the main clause or after the main clause; but the position of Chinese time clause is fixed. It has to COME BEFORE the main clause.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77169_1993127563"/>3.The conjunction 又...又...：</title>
- <para>又...又...means “both...and...” in English. The pattern 又 + adj/verb 又 + adj/verb is used to indicate two concurrent situations or actions. For example:</para>
- <para>她的房间 又 大又乾净。 Her room is both big and clean.</para>
- <para> Adj adj</para>
- <para>大家 又 唱 又 跳。 Everyone is both singing and dancing.</para>
- <para> verb verb</para>
- <para>Points of merits:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>When two adjectives are used in this way, they must be unidirectional, that is either complimentary or pejorative. For example:</para>
- <para>又快又好 fast and good 又忙又累 busy and tiring</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When two verbs are used in this way, they must be concurrent:</para>
- <para>又说又笑 speak and laugh 又吃又喝 eat and drink</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77171_1993127563"/>4.The interrogative pronoun 怎么样:</title>
- <para>The interrogative pronoun 怎么样 is used to solicit other people’s opinions. It can follow both a noun phrase and a sentence. For example:</para>
- <para>Noun phrase:</para>
- <para>这个老师, 怎么样？ This teacher, what do you think?</para>
- <para>那间房间, 怎么样？ What is your opinion of the room?</para>
- <para>Sentence:</para>
- <para>九月我们去北京, 怎么样？ We are going to Beijing in September, what do you think?</para>
- <para>看晚上的电影, 怎么样？ See a evening movie, how is that?</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77173_1993127563"/>5.The interrogative pronoun 怎麽:</title>
- <para>The interrogative pronoun 怎麽 is often used to inquire about the manner of an action. For example:</para>
- <para>你明天怎麽去纽约？ How will you go to New York?</para>
- <para>你怎麽念这个字？ How do you pronoun this word?</para>
- <para>怎麽 can also be use to inquire about reason. The difference between 怎麽 and 为什麽 in inquiry is the tone. 为什麽 goes after the fact while 怎麽 carries the tone of puzzlement, sometimes even of accusatory.</para>
- <para>大家都学汉语, 你怎麽不学呢？ </para>
- <para>Everyone study Chinese. How come you don’t?</para>
- <para>今天你怎麽不去图书馆呢？怎麽不去？现在才八点。太早了。</para>
- <para>How come you don’t go to the library？Why won’t I go (Of course I’ll go)？It’s only eight now. ( It’s) too early.</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77175_1993127563"/>6.The interrogative pronoun 多:</title>
- <para>The interrogative pronoun 多 works with adjectives and adverbs and with psycho-emotional verbs such as 爱, 喜欢, 想 etc. When it works with adjectives, it means “how”. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>你的房间多大？ How big is your room？</para>
- <para>她多常回家？ How often does she come home?</para>
- <para>When it works with psycho-emotional verbs, it means “to what extent”:</para>
- <para>你多爱他？ To what extent do you love him?</para>
- <para>他多喜欢开车? To what extent does he like to drive？(To what extent is his craziness for driving?)</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77177_1993127563"/>7.The adverb 更:</title>
- <para>The adverb 更 embodies comparative degree. It works with adjectives, psycho-emotional verbs and some adverbs:</para>
- <para>他有书, 我的书更多。 He has books, (but) my books are even more (I have more books). </para>
- <para>我和姐姐更常去纽约。 My older sister and I go to New York more often.</para>
- <para>我喜欢学中文, 可是, 我更喜欢学电脑。 I like to study Chinese, but like to study Computer Science more.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77179_1993127563"/>8. The modal verb 得:</title>
- <para>The modal verb 得 means “need to, have to, must” in English. It’s negation is 不用 (need not). </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>老师, 今天我们得作汉字作业吗？不用。</para>
- <para>Teacher, do we need to do character writing homework today？No.</para>
- <para>世海, 十点了, 你得给你爸打个电话。不用。爸爸今天不在。</para>
- <para>Shihai, it’s ten. You should give your dad a call. Not necessary. Daddy is not home today.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77181_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77183_1993127563"/>1.When a verb/verb phrase or a clause modifying a noun:</title>
- <para>a. Phrases:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>买报的 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天妈妈写的那个汉字 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>奶奶穿的那件大衣 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>唱歌的</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>在银行工作的姐姐 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>去中国学习的学生 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王老师用的那台电脑 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>看书的 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>给她打电话的那个人 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>知道他名字的</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我住的房间 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我上大学的那天</para>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Măi bào de</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān māma xiĕde nàge Hànzì</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Năinai chuān de nà jiàn dàyī</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chànggē de</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zài yìnháng gōngzuò de jiĕjie</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qù Zhōnguó xuéxì de xuésheng</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wáng lăoshī yòng de nà tái diànnăo</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Kàn shū de</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Gĕi tā dă diànhuàde nàge rén</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhīdào tā mìngzì de</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ zhù de fángjiān</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ shàng dàxué de nàtian</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Those who buy newspaper</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>That Chinese character Mom wrote yesterday</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>That overcoat grandma is wearing</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Those who sing</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The older sister who works at the bank </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The students who went to study in China</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The computer used by teacher Wang</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Those who read</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The person who called her</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Those who know his name</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The room where I live 1</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The day when I attended the university</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>b.Sentences:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你喜欢我们昨天去的那个图书馆吗？很喜欢。是新的吧？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你哪一年来美国？我来美国的那年是一九八九年。你几月来？八月。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>在中文系教汉语的是你的姐姐还是妹妹？不是我的姐姐, 也不是我的妹妹。她是我的女朋友。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你喜欢吃爸爸作的菜吗？爸爸作的菜不错, 可是, 我更喜欢妈妈作的。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你去的那个学校有实验室吗？怎麽没有？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这是你的新车吗？对了。是我爸爸妈妈送我的生日礼物。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天跟你一起来参加新年晚会的那个男生是你的男朋友吧？对了。他姓什麽？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学日文的同学请跟我来。他说什麽？他说学日文的跟他去。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我认识的汉字都是我妈妈教的。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>请我喝咖啡的那个同学姓白, 叫大为。你认识吗？</para>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ xĭhuān wŏmen zuótiān qùde nàge túshūguăn ma？Hĕn xĭhuān. Shì xīn de ba?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ nă yìnián lái Mĕiguó？Wŏlái Mĕiguó de nànián shì yījiŭbājiŭ nián. Nĭjĭ yuèlái？Bāyuè.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zài Zhōngwén xì jiāo Hànyŭde shìnĭde jiĕjie háishi mèimei？Búshì wŏde jiĕjie, yĕbúshìwŏde mèimei; shì wŏde npéngyou.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭxĭhuān chī bàba zuò de cài ma？Bàba zuò de cài búcuò kĕshì wŏ gèng xĭhuān māma zuò de.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ qùde nàge xuéxiào yŏu shìyànshì ma？Zĕnme méiyŏu?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì nĭde xīn chē ma？Duìle, Shì wŏ bàba māma sòng wŏde lĭwù.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān gēn nĭ yìqĭ lái cānjiā xīnnián wănhuì de nàge nánshēng shì nĭde nán péngyou ba？Duìle. Tā xìng shénme?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xué Rìyŭ de tóngxué gēn wŏ lái. Tāshuō shénme？Tā shuō xué Rìyŭ de tóngxué gēn tā qù </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ rènshi de Hànzì dōu shì wŏ māma jiāo de.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qĭng wŏ hē kāfēi de nàge tóngxué xìng Bái, jiào Dàwéi. Nĭ rènshi ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you like the library we went yesterday？Very much. Is (it) a new one?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Which year did you came to the States？The year I came to the States was Nineteen Eighty-nine. What month did you come？August.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The one who teaches Chinese language in the Chinese Department is your older or younger sister? She is neither my older sister, nor my younger sister. She is my girl friend.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you like to eat the dishes your dad makes？The dishes my dad makes are nice, but, I like what my mom makes better.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Does the school you go to have labs？Of course (Why doesn't it have them?)!</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is this your new car？Right. (It) is a birthday gift from my parents ( is a birthday gift my parents gave me).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is that guy who attended the New Year party together with you yesterday your boy friend？Yes. What is his last name?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Those students who study Japanese please come with me. What did he say？He said those who study Japanese go with him.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The characters I know are all those my mom taught me.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The classmate who invited me to coffee, his last name is Bai, and his first name is Dawei. Do you know him?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77185_1993127563"/> 2. The conjunction ...的时候?</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>她喜欢开车的时候听中文录音。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>妈妈, 我看书的时候, 你作什麽？我给你作吃的。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我打电话的时候, 不喜欢别人听。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>去台湾的时候, 你给爷爷奶奶带什麽呢？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>老的时候, 我要去欧洲, 非洲看看。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tāxĭhuān kāichē de shìhòu tīng Zhōngwén lùyīn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Māma, wŏ kàn shū de shìhòu, nĭ zuò shénme？Wŏ gĕi nĭ zuòchīde.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ dă diànhuà de shìhòu, bù xĭhuān biérén tīng.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qù Táiwān de shìhòu, nĭ gĕi yéye năinai dài shénme ne?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lăo de shìhòu, wŏ yào qù ōuzhōu, Fēizhōu kànkan.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>She likes to listen to the Chinese tapes while she drives.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mom, when I read, what do you do？I cook for you ( I make things for you to eat).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When I talk on the phone, ( I ) don't like others to listen in.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When (you) go to Taiwan, what do you bring to your grandparents?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I want to go to Europe and Africa to take a look, when ( I am ) old.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77187_1993127563"/>3.The expression 怎么样:</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>这儿人太多了。我们去那儿看看, 怎麽样？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这条裤子不好看。深蓝的那条, 怎么样？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你儿子写的汉字, 怎么样？不错。你要他写什麽？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>老师问的问题, 怎麽样？难不难？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这是你第一次来美国吧？美国, 怎么样？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhèr rén tài duō le. Wŏmen qù nàr kànkan, zĕnmeyàng?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè tiáo kùzi bù hăokàn. Shēnlán de nà tiáo, zĕnmeyàng?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ érzi xiĕ de Hànzì zĕnmeyàng？Bú cuò. Nĭyào tā xiĕ shénme?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lăoshī wèn de wèntì zĕnmeyàng？Nán bù nán?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì nĭ dì yīcì lái Mĕiguó ba？Mĕi guó zĕnmeyàng?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>There are too many people here ( It is too crowded here). Let's go and take a look there, OK?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This pair of pants is ugly. How about the dark-blue one?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How is your son in writing Chinese characters？Not bad？What do you want him to write?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What do you think of the questions the teacher asked？Are they difficult?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is this your first time to the States？What do you think of the States?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77189_1993127563"/>4.The conjunction 又...又...：</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>爸爸作的菜真不错, 又好看又好吃。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>路上, 她弟弟又哭又闹, 真没有意思。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学中文真不容易, 又得念又得写。要学的东西很多。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这是你的宿舍吗？真好, 又大又乾净。住几个人？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Bàba zuò de cài zhēn búcuò yòu hăokàn yòu hăochī.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lùshàng, tā dìdi yòu kū yòu nào, zhēn méiyŏu yìsi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xué Zhōngwén zhēn bù róngyì, yòu dĕi niàn yòu dĕi xiĕ Yào xué de dōngxi hĕn duō.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì nĭde sùshèma？Zhēn hăo, yòu dà yòu gānjìng. Zhù jĭ ge rén?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>The dishes Dad makes are really nice, both beautiful and tasty.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>On the way, her younger brother cried and fussed. ( It ) is really no fun.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Learning Chinese is not easy. ( You ) have to read and ( you ) have to write. The things needs to learn are a lot.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is this your dorm. Good, both big and clean. How many people live here?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77191_1993127563"/>Lesson 22</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77193_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77195_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>The Student Center is Right Across From my Dorm</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Shihai: Hi, David.</para>
- <para>David:Hi. Where are you going?</para>
- <para>Shihai: I'm going to the student center. Do you know how to get there？ It is across from the library, right?</para>
- <para>David:Not exactly. Do you know where the dorm I moved into recently is?</para>
- <para>Shihai: No.</para>
- <para>David:You know where the library is, right?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Right.</para>
- <para>David:To the left of the library is dining hall; to the left of the dining hall is my dorm. The student center is right across from my dorm. I'm now going back to my dorm. Let's walk together.</para>
- <para>Shihai: What？You are going back to your dorm？If I knew we were going in the same way, I would not have asked you for directions.</para>
- <para>David:Who told you not to ask where I'm going?…oh, yes, why(to do what) do you go to the student center?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Renmei said that there is an exhibit there. I'm going there to take a look.</para>
- <para>David:I heard that the exhibit is quite nice.</para>
- <para>Shihai: (Let's) go together, OK?</para>
- <para>David:No. I don't have time today. By the way, (after you) get out from the student center, how about coming to my place for a visit?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Didn't you say you don't have time?</para>
- <para>David:For you, I always have time.</para>
- <para>Shihai: OK. See you later.</para>
- <para>David:Bye.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77197_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>初級第二十二課: 對話 學生中心就在我宿舍的對面</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>世海 : 你好, 大为。</para>
- <para>大为 : 你好。你去哪儿？</para>
- <para>世海 : 我去学生中心。你知道怎麽走吗？学生中心在图书馆的对面, 对吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 不完全对。你知道我新搬的宿舍在哪儿吗 ？</para>
- <para>世海 : 不知道。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 你知道图书馆在哪儿, 对吗？</para>
- <para>世海 : 对。</para>
- <para>大为 : 图书馆的左边是食堂。食堂的左边是我的宿舍。学生中心就在我宿舍的对面。我现在回宿舍。我们一起走吧。</para>
- <para>世海 : 什麽？你回宿舍？早知道我们同路, 我就不问路了。</para>
- <para>大为 : 谁叫你不问我去哪儿？...对了, 你去学生中心做什麽？</para>
- <para>世海 : 人美说那儿有一个展览。我去看看。</para>
- <para>大为 : 那个展览听说很不错。</para>
- <para>世海 : 一起去, 好吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 不行, 今天我没空。对了, 从学生中心出来, 你到我那儿坐坐, 怎么样？</para>
- <para>世海 : 你不是没空吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 对你, 我总是有空。</para>
- <para>世海 : 好吧, 过一会儿见。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>大为 : 再见。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77199_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>初级第二十二课: 对话 学生中心就在我宿舍的对面</para>
- <para/>
- <para>世海 : 你好, 大为。</para>
- <para>大为 : 你好。你去哪儿？</para>
- <para>世海 : 我去学生中心。你知道怎麽走吗？学生中心在 图书馆的对面, 对吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 不完全对。你知道我新搬的宿舍在哪儿吗 ？</para>
- <para>世海 : 不知道。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 你知道图书馆在哪儿, 对吗？</para>
- <para>世海 : 对。</para>
- <para>大为 : 图书馆的左边是食堂。食堂的左边是我的宿舍。学生中心就在我宿舍的对面。我现在回宿舍。我们一起走吧。</para>
- <para>世海 : 什麽？你回宿舍？早知道我们同路, 我就不问路了。</para>
- <para>大为 : 谁叫你不问我去哪儿？...对了, 你去学生中心做什麽？</para>
- <para>世海 : 人美说那儿有一个展览。我去看看。</para>
- <para>大为 : 那个展览听说很不错。</para>
- <para>世海 : 一起去, 好吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 不行, 今天我没空。对了, 从学生中心出来, 你到我那儿坐坐, 怎么样？</para>
- <para>世海 : 你不是没空吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 对你, 我总是有空。</para>
- <para>世海 : 好吧, 过一会儿见。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 再见。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77201_1993127563"/>Pinyin </title>Pinyin<para/><para>Xuéshēng Zhōngxīn Jiù Zài Wŏ Sùshè de Duìmiàn</para><para> </para><para>Shìhăi: Nĭ hăo, Dàwéi. </para><para>Dàwéi: Nĭ hăo. Nĭ qù năr？</para><para>Shìhăi: Wŏ qù xuéshēng zhōngxīn. Nĭ zhī dào zĕnme zŏu ma？Xuéshēng zhōngxīn zài túshūguăn de duìmiàn, duì ma？</para><para>Dàwéi: Bù wánquán duì. Nĭ zhīdào wŏ xīn bān de sùshè zài năr ma？</para><para>Shìhăi: Bù zhī dào. </para><para>Dàwéi: Nĭ zhīdào túshūguăn zài năr, duì ma？</para><para>Shìhăi: Duì. </para><para>Dàwéi: Túshūguăn de zuŏbiān shì shítáng, Shítáng de zuŏbiān shì wŏ de sùshè. Xuéshēng zhōngxīn jiù zài wŏ sùshè de duìmiàn. Wŏ xiànzài huí sùshè.Wŏ mén yì qĭ zŏu ba. </para><para>Shìhăi: Shén me？Nĭ huí sùshè？Zăo zhīdào wŏmén tóng lù, wŏ jiù bú wèn lù le. </para><para>Dàwéi: Shéi jiào nĭ bú wèn wŏ qù năr?!... Duìle, nĭ qù xuéshēng zhōngxīn zuò shénme？</para><para>Shìhăi: Rénmĕi shuō nàr yŏu yígè zhănlăn. Wŏ qù kànkan. </para><para>Dàwéi: Nàgè zhănlăn tīngshuō hĕn búcuò. </para><para>Shíhăi: Yìqĭ qù, hăo ma？</para><para>Dàwéi: Bù xíng, jīntiān wŏ méi kòng. Duìle, cóng xuéshēng zhōngxīn chūlái, nĭ Dào wŏ nàr zuòzuo, zĕnmeyàng？</para><para>Shìhăi: Nĭ búshì méi kòng ma？</para><para>Dàwéi: Duì nĭ wŏ zŏngshì yŏu kòng. </para><para>Shìhăi: Hăo ba, guò yìhuĭr jiàn. </para><para>Dàwéi: Zàijiàn. </para><para/><para/><para/><para/><para/></sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77203_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77205_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>The dorm David moved into</para>
- <para/>
- <para>The dorm David recently moved into is across from the student center. There are a library, dining hall, student center, and gyms in the vicinity of the dorm. The classrooms where he takes his classes are also not far from the place where he lives. So, (It's) very convenient. </para>
- <para>Because this year David is in his fourth year in college, he lives in a suite. The suite is not big, but, there are three bedrooms, one toilet, one bathroom, and a small kitchen. This picture above is a floor plan: </para>
- <para>Look, this is living-room. The door of the suite is at the right of the living room. There is a passageway on the left of the living-room. On the right of the passageway are the kitchen, the bathroom, and the toilet. On it's left are the three bedrooms. David's bedroom is in the middle. David’s bedroom isn't big. But, it has a window that is not small. The window is across from the bedroom door. In front of the window there is a table. By the table there is a chair. On the table there is a computer. David's bed is on the left side of the room. Opposite the bed there is a bookshelf. On the shelf there are a lot of books. There is no TV in the bedroom. David told Shihai he likes to play with computers, (so) there isn't too much time to watch TV, so he does not have a TV. David's bedroom is both clean and quiet, and Shihai is very envious. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77207_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>初级第二十二课: 短文 大为住的套房</para>
- <para/>
- <para>大为新搬的宿舍在学生中心的对面。宿舍的附近有图书馆, 食堂, 学生中心, 和健身房。他上课的教室离他住的地方也不远。所以, 很方便。</para>
- <para>因为大为今年上大四, 所以他住套房。套房不大, 但是, 有三间卧室, 一个客厅, 一个厕所, 一个洗澡间, 还有一个小厨房。上边的这张图是大为住的套房的平面图。 </para>
- <para>你看, 这是客厅。套房的门在客厅的右边。客厅的左边有一条过道。过道的右边是厨房, 洗澡间和厕所。过道的左边是三间卧室。大为的卧室在中间。大为的卧室不大, 可是, 有一个不小的窗户。窗户在门的对面。窗户的前边有一张桌子。桌子旁有一把椅子。桌子上有一台电脑。大为的床在卧室的左边。床的对面有一个书架。书架上有很多书。卧室里没有电视。大为告诉世海他喜欢玩电脑, 看电视的时间不多, 所以他没有电视。大为的卧室又乾净又安静, 世海很羡慕。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77209_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>初級第二十二課: 短文 大為住的套房</para>
- <para/>
- <para>大為新搬的宿舍在學生中心的對面。宿舍的附近有圖書館, 食堂, 學生中心, 和健身房。他上課的教室離他住的地方也不遠。所以, 很方便。</para>
- <para>因為大為今年上大四, 所以他住套房。套房不大, 但是, 有三間臥室, 一個客廳, 一個廁所, 一個洗澡間, 還有一個小廚房。上邊的這張圖是大為住的套房的平面圖。 </para>
- <para>你看, 這是客廳。套房的門在客廳的右邊。客廳的左邊有一條過道。過道的右邊是廚房, 洗澡間和廁所。過道的左邊是三間臥室。大為的臥室在中間。大為的臥室不大, 可是, 有一個不小的窗戶。窗戶在門的對面。窗戶的前邊有一張桌子。桌子旁有一把椅子。桌子上有一台電腦。大為的床在臥室的左邊。床的對面有一個書架。書架上有很多書。臥室裡沒有電視。大為告訴世海他喜歡玩電腦, 看電視的時間不多, 所以他沒有電視。大為的臥室又乾淨又安靜, 世海很羨慕。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77211_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Dàwéi zhù de tào fáng</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Dàwéi xīn bān de sùshè zài xuéshēng zhōngxīn de duìmiàn. Sùshè de fùjìn yŏu túshūguăn, shítáng, hé jiànshēn fáng. Tā shàng kè de jiàoshì lí tā zhù de dìfāng yĕ bù yuăn, suŏ yĭ </para>
- <para>hĕn fāngbiàn. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Yīnwéi Dàwéi jīn nián shàng dàsì, suŏyĭ tā zhù tào fáng. Tào fáng bú dà, dànshì, yŏu sān</para>
- <para>jiān wòshì yígè kètīng, yígè cèsuŏ, yígè xĭzăo jiān, háiyŏu yígè xiăo chúfáng. Shàng biānr</para>
- <para>de zhè zhāng tú shì Dàwéi zhù de tào fáng de píng miàn tú. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Nĭ kàn, zhè shì kètīng. Tào fáng de mén zài kètīng de yòu biānr. Kètīng de Zuŏbiānr yŏu</para>
- <para>yìtiáo guòdào. Guòdào de yòubiānr shì chúfáng, xĭzăo jiān hé cèsuŏ. Guòdào de zuŏbiān</para>
- <para>shì sān jiān wòshì. Dàwéi de wòshì zài zhōngjiān. Dàwéi de wòshì bú dà, kĕ shì, yŏu yígè</para>
- <para>bùxiăo de chuānghù. Chuānhù zài mén de duìmiàn. Chuānghù de qiánbiānr yŏu yìzhāng zhuōzi.</para>
- <para>zhuōzi páng yŏu yì bă yĭzi. Zhuōzi shàng yŏu yìtái Diànnăo. Dàwéi de chuáng zài wòshì de</para>
- <para>zuŏbiānr. Chuáng de duìmiàn yŏu yígè shūjià. Shūjià Shàng yŏu hĕnduō shū. Wòshì lĭ méiyŏu</para>
- <para>diànshì. Dàwéi gàosù Shìhăi tā xĭhuān wán diànnăo, kàn Diànshì de shíjiān bù duō, suŏyĭ</para>
- <para>tā méiyŏu diànshì. Dàwéi de wòshìyòu gānjìng yòu ānjìng, Shìhăi hĕn xiànmù. </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77213_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words </para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>中心 </para></entry><entry><para> zhōngxīn</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para> center</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>展览 </para></entry><entry><para> zhănlăn </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para> exhibit </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>健身房 </para></entry><entry><para> jiànshēn fáng </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> gyms </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>套房 </para></entry><entry><para> tàofáng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> suite</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>卧室 </para></entry><entry><para>wòshì </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>bedroom </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>厕所 </para></entry><entry><para> cèsuŏ</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para> toilet </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>洗澡间 </para></entry><entry><para> xĭzăo jiān</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>bathroom </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>厨房 </para></entry><entry><para> chúfáng </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>kitchen </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>图 </para></entry><entry><para> tú </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> picture, drawing </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>平面图 </para></entry><entry><para>pìngmiàn tú </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> floor plane</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>过道 </para></entry><entry><para> guòdào </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> passageway </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>窗户 </para></entry><entry><para> chuānghù </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>window </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>桌子 </para></entry><entry><para> zhuōzi </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>table, desk </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>椅子 </para></entry><entry><para> yĭzi </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>chair </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>书架 </para></entry><entry><para> shūjià</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>bookshelf </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>时间 </para></entry><entry><para> shìjiān </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>time </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>附近 </para></entry><entry><para> fùjìn</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para> vicinity, ？nearby </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>间 </para></entry><entry><para> jiān </para></entry><entry><para> mw. </para></entry><entry><para>used to classify rooms </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>把 </para></entry><entry><para> bă </para></entry><entry><para>mw. </para></entry><entry><para>used to classify or count things such as chairs, pens, knives, etc. </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>搬 </para></entry><entry><para> bān </para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to move </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>羡慕 </para></entry><entry><para> xiànmù </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to envy, to admire </para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>adj. envious </para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>方便 </para></entry><entry><para> fāngbiàn </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>convenient </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>完全 </para></entry><entry><para> wánquán </para></entry><entry><para>adv. </para></entry><entry><para>totally, exactly </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>前 </para></entry><entry><para> qián </para></entry><entry><para>direction word </para></entry><entry><para>front </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>後 </para></entry><entry><para> hòu </para></entry><entry><para> direction word </para></entry><entry><para>back, behind </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>左 </para></entry><entry><para> zuŏ </para></entry><entry><para>direction word </para></entry><entry><para>left </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>右 </para></entry><entry><para>yòu </para></entry><entry><para>direction word </para></entry><entry><para>right </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>上 </para></entry><entry><para>shàng </para></entry><entry><para>direction word </para></entry><entry><para>upper </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>下 </para></entry><entry><para>xià </para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para> below </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>里 </para></entry><entry><para> lĭ </para></entry><entry><para> direction word </para></entry><entry><para>inside </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>外 </para></entry><entry><para> wài </para></entry><entry><para>direction word </para></entry><entry><para>outside </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>旁 </para></entry><entry><para> páng </para></entry><entry><para>direction word </para></entry><entry><para>next to </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>对 </para></entry><entry><para> duì </para></entry><entry><para> direction word </para></entry><entry><para>opposite </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>中 </para></entry><entry><para> zhōng </para></entry><entry><para>direction word </para></entry><entry><para>middle </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>边 </para></entry><entry><para> biānr </para></entry><entry><para>suffix </para></entry><entry><para>(for direction words)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>面 </para></entry><entry><para>miàn </para></entry><entry><para>suffix </para></entry><entry><para>(for direction words)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>间 </para></entry><entry><para> jiān </para></entry><entry><para> suffix</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>问路 </para></entry><entry><para> wèn lù </para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp. </para></entry><entry><para>to ask for direction </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>同路 </para></entry><entry><para> tóng lù </para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp. </para></entry><entry><para>to go in the same direction </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>怎麽走 </para></entry><entry><para> zĕnme zŏu I</para></entry><entry><para>diomatic exp. </para></entry><entry><para>How (does one) go to get to </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77215_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77217_1993127563"/>1. Direction and location words:</title>
- <para>Direction word such as 上/下/左/右/前/後 /里边/面/外/旁/对/中 are often used in conjunction with suffixes such as 边/面/间. Together they form a location word (place word). For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>上边/面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>(at) the top, </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>下边/面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>beneath</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>左边/面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>(on) the left</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>右边/面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>(to) the right</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>前边/面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>(in) the front</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>後边/面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>(in) the back</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>里边/面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>inside, interior</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>外边/面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>outside, exterior</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>旁边</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>(by) the side, </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>对面</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>(on) the opposite side, across from</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>中间</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>in the middle</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that direction words 上/下/左/右/前/後/里边/面/外 can take both 边/面, while 旁 takes only 边, 对only takes 面, and 间 goes only with 中.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77219_1993127563"/>2. When a location word is modified by a noun or a pronoun:</title>
- <para>A noun or a pronoun such as 图书馆, 桌子, 她, 我们 can be used to modify a location word.For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>桌子(的)前边</para></entry><entry><para>in front of the table</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>图书馆(的)里边</para></entry><entry><para>in(side) the library</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她(的)旁边</para></entry><entry><para>next to her</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们(的)对面</para></entry><entry><para>across us</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Points to note:</para>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77221_1993127563"/>When a noun or a pronoun modifies a location word, the grammatical marker 的 is optional.</title>
- <para>When a noun modifies a location word, which is a combination of one of the direction words 上, 下, 前, 後, 里, 外 or 旁, but never 左, 右, 对, 中 + suffix, the suffix can be omitted if 的 is omitted. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>宿舍前边</para></entry><entry><para>=</para></entry><entry><para>宿舍前</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>教室里边</para></entry><entry><para>=</para></entry><entry><para>教室里</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>椅子的下边</para></entry><entry><para>=</para></entry><entry><para>椅子下</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>窗户的旁边</para></entry><entry><para>=</para></entry><entry><para>窗户旁</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Place names such as 中国, 美国, 北京, 纽约 never work with direction words 里, so it is INCORRECT to say:</para>
- <para>*英国里 *上海里边 *欧洲的里边 etc.</para>
- <para>English phrases such as “in the dictionary”, “in his letter”, and “in the Chinese book”, when translated into Chinese, more often than not, they become:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>In the dictionary</para></entry><entry><para>=</para></entry><entry><para>字典上</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>In his letter</para></entry><entry><para>=</para></entry><entry><para>他的信上</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>In Chinese book </para></entry><entry><para>=</para></entry><entry><para>中文书上</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para>Why？Because “letter”, “dictionary” and “book” are the medium of “words”. Instead of 里, the Chinese prefer 上 . It’s a way for them to show their respect to and worship of “words”, which embody knowledge.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77223_1993127563"/>When a noun is modified by a location word:</title>
- <para>A location word can be used to modify a noun. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>上边的书</para></entry><entry><para>the book on the top</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>前边的车</para></entry><entry><para>the car in the front</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>下面的图</para></entry><entry><para>the drawing below</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>里边的人</para></entry><entry><para>the person inside</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>中间的卧室</para></entry><entry><para>the bedroom in the middle</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>外边的椅子</para></entry><entry><para>the chairs outside</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>Note that when a location word modifies a noun, the grammatical marker 的 is not optional.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>The pattern: “Someone/something 在 some location”:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>The pattern: “Someone/something 在 some location” is equivalent to the English sentence pattern “something/someone is/are in some location”. Note 在 is a verb meaning not a preposition ‘to be in/on/at/by ect’. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Someone/something 在?？ some location English </para>
- <para>Noun/noun phrase verb location word </para>
- <para>电话 在 他的房间里 The phone is in his room. </para>
- <para>妈妈 不在 厨房里 Mom is not in the kitchen. </para>
- <para>你新买的车 在不在 外面 Is the car you bought recently outside？</para>
- <para>你的宿舍 在 健身房的旁边吗 Is your dorm next to the gyms？ </para>
- <para>谁 在 教室里 Who are in the classroom？ </para>
- <para>学生中心 在 哪儿 Where is the students’ center？</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>The pattern “In some location 是 something/someone”: </para>
- <para/>
- <para>The pattern “In some location 是 something/someone” is equivalent to the English sentence pattern:</para>
- <para>“In some location is/are someone/something”. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>In some location 是 Something/someone English </para>
- <para>location word verb Noun/noun phrase </para>
- <para>他的左边 是 他的太太 To his left is his wife. </para>
- <para>门的对面 不是 窗户 Opposite the door is not a window. </para>
- <para>你的前面 是 谁 In front of you is who？ </para>
- <para>邮局的对面 是 什麽楼 ？ What building is across from the post-office？</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>The expression 怎麽走:</para>
- <para>This is an idiomatic expression used for asking for direction. For example:</para>
- <para>请问, 去咖啡厅 怎麽走？ Excuse me, how can I get to the coffee house?</para>
- <para>小王, 你知道去纽约怎麽走吗？Wang, do you know how to get to New York?</para>
- <para>对不起, 我不知道去那儿怎麽走。 Sorry, I do know how to get there.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>The pattern 离...远:</para>
- <para>The pattern 离...远 means “far from” in English. For instance:</para>
- <para>我家 离 学院 远。 My home is far from the college.</para>
- <para>subj. prep. phraseadj. as verb subj.adj. prep. phrase </para>
- <para/>
- <para>食堂离宿舍 远吗？ Is the dining hall far from the dorm?</para>
- <para>这儿离纽约 不远。 Here is not far from New York.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Points to note:</para>
- <para>In Chinese pattern the prepositional phrase formed with 离...comes before the verb.</para>
- <para>In Chinese, usually when a sentence has a prepositional phrase, negation falls before the preposition. For example:</para>
- <para>我们不 在家吃饭。</para>
- <para> prep. phrase</para>
- <para/>
- <para>But this is not the case with 离...远, Negation should go before the verb in this pattern.</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>The pattern 早知道...就(不)...了:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>The pattern 早知道...就 (不)...了 carries a subjunctive mood.</para>
- <para>It is equivalent to the English pattern: “If somebody had known something earlier, he would (not) have?” . </para>
- <para>Let’s look at some examples:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>早知道你不喜欢看电影, 我就不请你看电影了。</para></entry><entry><para>If ( I ) had known that you don’t like watching movies, I would not have invited you to see a movie.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>早知道你去纽约, 我就跟你一起去了。</para></entry><entry><para>If ( I ) had known that you went to New York, I would have gone with you.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect4>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77225_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77227_1993127563"/>1.When a location word is modified by a noun or a pronoun:</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>1。那本书的左边</para></entry><entry><para>2。那个新厕所的对面</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>3。电视里</para></entry><entry><para>4。他的信上</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>5。咖啡馆和书店的中间</para></entry><entry><para>6。地图的下边</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>7。过道的两边</para></entry><entry><para>8。电脑中心的後面</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>9。教室楼的前边</para></entry><entry><para>10。卧室里边</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>1. nà bĕn shū de zuŏbiānr.</para></entry><entry><para>6. Dìtú de xiàbiānr.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>2. Nè gè xīn cèsuŏ de duìmiàn</para></entry><entry><para>7. guòdào de liăngbiānr</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>3. diànshì lĭ</para></entry><entry><para>8. Diànnăo zhōngxīn de hòumiàn</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>4. Tāde xìnshàng</para></entry><entry><para>9. jiàoshì lóu de qiánbiānr.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>5. kāfei guăn hé shūdiàn de zhōngjiān</para></entry><entry><para>10. Wòshìlĭbiānr.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>1. the left of that book</para></entry><entry><para>2.opposite the new restroom</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>3. on TV</para></entry><entry><para>4.in his letter</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>5. between the coffee house and the bookstore</para></entry><entry><para>6.under the map</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>7. the two sides of the passageway</para></entry><entry><para>8.behind the computer center</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>9. the front of the classroom building</para></entry><entry><para>10.inside the bedroom</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77229_1993127563"/>2.When a noun is modified by a location:</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>1.里边的那间小客厅</para></entry><entry><para>2.左边的那个人</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>3.中间的那张桌子</para></entry><entry><para>4.地图旁边的那杯茶</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>5.电视上面的那本书</para></entry><entry><para>6.厨房对面的那个房间</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>7.我常常在食堂後面的那个实验室工作。</para></entry><entry><para>8.桌子上边的那杯咖啡是你的。</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>9.这张照片里的三个孩子都是你的孩子吗？</para></entry><entry><para>10.下面的这个汉字怎麽念？</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>1.lĭbiānr de nàjiān xiăo kètīng</para></entry><entry><para>2.zuŏbiānr de nàgè rén</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>3.zhōngjiān de nàzhāng zhuōzi</para></entry><entry><para>4.dìtù pángbiānr de nàbēi chá</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>5.diànshìshàngmiàn de nàbĕn shū</para></entry><entry><para>6.chúfáng pángbiān de nàgè fángjiān</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>7.Wŏ chángcháng zài shìtáng hòumiàn de nàgè shìyànshì gōngzuò</para></entry><entry><para>8.Zhuōzi shàngbiānr de nàbēi cāfēi shì nĭde.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>9.Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn lĭ de sāngè háizi dōu shì nĭde háizi ma?</para></entry><entry><para>10.Xiàmiàn de zhègèHànzì zĕnme niàn?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>1.that small livingroom inside</para></entry><entry><para>2.that person on the left</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>3.that table in the middle</para></entry><entry><para>4.that cup of tea by the map</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>5.that book on the TV</para></entry><entry><para>6.that room next to the kitchen</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>7.I often work at that lab behind the dining hall.</para></entry><entry><para>8.The cup of coffee on that table is yours.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>9.Are the three kids in this photo all your children?</para></entry><entry><para>10.How is this Chinese character [that is] underneath pronounced?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77231_1993127563"/>3. The pattern “Someone/thing在some location” vs. existence 有:</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1。你的日语书在厨房里。 /厨房里有 一本日语书, 是你的吗？</para>
- <para>2。电话不在这儿, 在客厅里。/ 这儿没有电话。客厅里有两台电话。</para>
- <para>3。图书馆在哪儿？图书馆在银行和书店的中间。/哪儿有图书馆？银行和书店的中间有一个图书馆。</para>
- <para>4。谁在你的前边？教我们法文文法的那个老师在我的前边。/你的前边有人吗？有。有一个老师。听说他教法文文法。</para>
- <para>5。今天报纸在哪儿？那儿。在大桌子旁边的椅子上。/哪儿有报纸？大桌子旁边的椅子上有一张报纸。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1. Nĭde Rìyŭshū zài chúfáng lĭ / Chúfáng lĭ yŏu yìbĕn Rìyŭshū Shì nĭde ma?</para>
- <para>2. Diànhuà bú zài zhèr; zài kètīng lĭ / Zhèr méiyŏu diànhuà. Kètīng lĭ yŏu liăng tái diànhuà.</para>
- <para>3. Túshūguăn zài năr？Túshūguăn zài yìnháng hé shūdiàn de zhōngjiān. / Năr yŏu túshūguăn Yìnháng hé shūdiàn de zhōngjiān yŏu yìgè túshūguăn.</para>
- <para>4. Shéi zài nĭde qiánbiānr？Jiāo wŏmen Făwén wénfă de nàgè lăoshī zài wŏde qiánbiānr. / Nĭde Qiánbiānr yŏu rén ma？Yŏu. Yŏu yìgè lăoshī. Tīngshuō tā jiāo Făwén wénfă.</para>
- <para>5. Jīntiān de bàozhĭ zài năr？Nàr, zài dà zhuōzi pángbiān de yĭzi shàng. / Năr yŏu bàozhĭ. D Zhuōzi pángbiān de yĭzi shàng yŏu yìzhāng bàozhĭ.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1. Your Japanese book is in the kitchen. / There is a Japanese book in the kitchen. Is (it) yours?</para>
- <para>2. The phone is not here, (it) is in the livingroom. / There is no phone here. In the livingroom there are two phones.</para>
- <para>3. Where is the library？The library is between the bank and the bookstore. / Where is there a library? There is a library between the bank and the bookstore.</para>
- <para>4. Who is in front of you？The teacher who teaches us French Grammar 语法 is in front of me. / Is there anyone in front of you？Yes. There is a teacher. I was told that he teaches French Grammar 语法.</para>
- <para>5. Where is Today’s newspaper？There. (It) is on the chair by the big table. / Where is there a newspaper (Where can we find a newspaper)？There is newspaper on the chair by the big table.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77233_1993127563"/>4.The pattern “In some location 是 someone/thing” vs. existence 有 and vs. “Someone/thing在some location”:</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1。她新搬的宿舍的对面是健身房。 / 她新搬的宿舍的对面有一个健身房。</para>
- <para>2。那条牛仔裤的旁边是一件白衬衫。 / 白衬衫在那条牛仔裤的旁边。</para>
- <para>3。他的左边是他爸爸, 右边是他妈妈。 / 他爸爸在他的左边, 他妈妈在他右边。</para>
- <para>4。那两辆白色日本车的中间是我的车。 / 我的车在那两辆白色日本车的中间。</para>
- <para>5。198号房间的对面不是197号, 是180号。 / 180号在198号房间的对面。</para>
- <para>6。咖啡馆的左边是邮局还是电影院？/ 邮局还是电影院在咖啡馆的左边？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1. Tā xīn bān de sùshè de duìmiàn shì jiànshēnfáng. / Tā xīn bān de sùshè de duìmiàn yŏu yìgè jiànshēnfáng.</para>
- <para>2. Nàtiáo niúzăi kù de pángbiānr shì yìjiàn bái chènshān. / Bái chènshān zài nà tiáo niúzăi kù de Pángbiānr.</para>
- <para>3. Tāde zuŏbiānr shì tāde bàba, yòubiānr shì tā māma. / Tà bàba zài tāde zuŏbiānr; Tā māma</para>
- <para>Zài tā yòubiānr.</para>
- <para>4. Nà liăngliàng báisè de Rìbĕn chē de zhōngjiān shì wŏde chē / Wŏde chē zài nà liăngliàng Báisè Rìbĕn chē de zhōngjiān.</para>
- <para>5. Yījiŭbāhào fángjiān de duìmiàn bú shì yījiŭqīhào, shì yībălìng hào. / Yībālìng hào zài ījiŭbāhào fángjiān de duìmiàn.</para>
- <para>6. Kāfēiguăn de zuŏbiānr shì yóujúhái shì diànyĭngyuàn？/ Yóujú hái shì diànyĭngyuàn zài kāfeiguăn de zuŏbiānr?</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1. Opposite the dorm she moved into recently is a gym. / There is a gym opposite the dorm she moved in recently.</para>
- <para>2.Next to the pair of jeans is a white shirt. / The white shirt is next to the pair of jeans.</para>
- <para>3.On his left is his dad; on the right is his mom. / His dad is to his left, and his mom to his right.</para>
- <para>4.Between the two white Japanese cars is my car. / My car is between the two white Japanese cars.</para>
- <para>5.Opposite Room 198 is not Room 197, but Room 180. / Room 180 is across from Room 198.</para>
- <para>6.To the left of the coffee house is there a post office or a cinema？/ Is a post office or a cinema to the left of the coffee house?</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77235_1993127563"/>5. The pattern 离...远 :</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.你家离你常去的那个咖啡馆远吗？很远。你想去吗？我们一起去, 好吗？随你的便。</para>
- <para>2。你新搬宿舍离我这儿太远了。谁说太远了？</para>
- <para>3。你怎麽不在食堂吃饭？食堂离我住的地方太远了, 不方便。</para>
- <para>4。北京离上海远还是离台北远？</para>
- <para>5。你从中国来这儿学习, 你爸爸妈妈常来看你吗？不常。这儿离中国太远了。我家离这儿不远。我爸爸妈妈也不常来看我。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Nĭ jiā lì nĭcháng qù de nàgè kāfēiguăn yuăn ma？Hĕn yuăn. Nĭ xiăng qù ma？Wŏmen yìqĭ qù hăo ma？Suì nĭde biàn.</para>
- <para>2.Nĭ xīn bān de sùshè lì wŏ zhèr tài yuăn le. Shéi shuō tài yuăn le?</para>
- <para>3.Nĭ zĕnme bú zài shìtáng chīfàn？Shītáng lì wŏ zhù de dìfāng tài yuăn le, bù fāngbiàn.</para>
- <para>4.Bĕijīng lì Shànghăi hái shì lì Táibĕi yuăn?</para>
- <para>5.Nĭ cóng Zhōngguó lái zhèr xuéxì nĭ bàba māma cháng lái kàn nĭ ma？Bù cháng. Zhèr lì Zhōngguó tài yuăn le. Wŏ jiā lì zhèr bù yuăn, wŏ bàba māma yĕ bù cháng lái kàn wŏ.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Is your home far from the coffee house you frequent？Yes. Do you want to go？Let’s go together, OK？As you wish.</para>
- <para>2.The dorm you moved into recently is too far from my place. Who says (it is) too far?</para>
- <para>3.Why don’t you eat at the dining hall？ The dining hall is too far from where I live. (It is) inconvenient.</para>
- <para>4.Is Beijing far from Shanghai or from Taibei?</para>
- <para>5.You came to study here from China. Do your parents often come to visit you？No. Here is too far away from China. My home is not far from here. My parents do not come to see me often, either.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77237_1993127563"/>6. The pattern 早知道...就....了:</title>6. <para/><para>1。早知道你没有车, 我就不叫你去买东西了。</para><para>2。早知道你不吃日本饭, 我就不请你上日本饭馆了。</para><para>3。早知道今天不上课, 我就不来了。</para><para>4。早知道你喜欢中国古典音乐, 我就从台湾给你带音乐光碟了。</para><para>5。早知道你妈妈今天从纽约来这儿看你, 我就请她在唐人街给我买一些我孩子喜欢的中国土特产了。</para><para/><para/><para>1. Zăo zhīdào nĭ méiyŏu chē wŏ jiù bú jiào nĭ qù măi dōngxī le.</para><para>2. Zăo zhīdào nĭ bù chī Rìbĕn fàn, Wŏ jiù bù qĭng nĭ shàng Rìbĕn fànguăn le.</para><para>3. Zăo zhīdào jīntiān bú shàng kè wŏ jiù bù lái le.</para><para>4. Zăo zhīdào nĭ xĭhuān Zhōngguó gŭdiăn yīnyuè wŏ jiù cóng Táiwān gĕi nĭ dài yīnyuè guāngdié le.</para><para>5. Zăo zhīdào nĭ māma jīntiān cóng Niŭyuē lái zhèr kàn nĭ wŏ jiù qĭng tā zài Tángrén jiē gĕi wŏ măi yìxiē wŏ háizi xĭhuān de Zhōngguó tŭtèchăn le.</para><para/><para/><para>1. If I had known that you don’t have car, I would not have asked you to go shopping.</para><para>2. If I had known that you don’t eat Japanese food, I would not have invited you to the Japanese restaurant.</para><para>3. If I had known there would be no class today, I would not have come.</para><para>4. If I had known that you like classical Chinese music, I would have brought some music CDs from Taiwan for you.</para><para>5. If I had known your mom came from NY to visit you here, I would have asked her to buy me some Chinese specialties my children like in Chinatown.</para><para> </para></sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77239_1993127563"/>Lesson 23</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77241_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77243_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>She is Cleaning her room</para>
- <para/>
- <para> Shihai: Hello, is this Renmei Ding’s dorm room?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Yes. Who are you looking for? </para>
- <para>Shihai: Can I speak to Ding (I’m looking for Ding). Is she in？Please ask her to (come to) the phone.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: May I ask whom I’m speaking to (May I ask who is this?)</para>
- <para>Shihai: This is Shihai speaking (I’m Shihai).</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Hi, Shihai. This is Xueyou. Ding is cleaning her room. Just a minute please (please wait a minute). Let me go and ask her to (come to) the phone (let me go and ask her to listen to the phone).</para>
- <para>Shihai: Thank you.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Hello, Shihai, How are you？How come you have time today to call me? Where are you now?</para>
- <para>Shihai: I’m in the students’ center.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Are (you) taking a break there?</para>
- <para>Shihai: No. I’m writing a report on China. I want to ask you some questions, OK?</para>
- <para>Renmei: No problem. But I’m cleaning my room now, (and I) won’t have time until later.</para>
- <para>Shihai: That’s alright. Later, will you come here or should I go over to your place?</para>
- <para>Renmei: The students’ center is too noisy. Come to my place, OK?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Are there any Chinese maps there at your place?</para>
- <para>Renmei: No. Why, you want to use the map of China?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Yes. Let’s go to the library. How is that?</para>
- <para>Renmei: Fine. (We’ll go to) the East Asian Library, right?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Right. I’ll wait for you at the table next to the copy machine.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Fine. It’s 10:20 now. We’ll meet at 11:00 at the library.</para>
- <para>Shihai: See you.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77245_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>初级第二十三课: 对话 她正在整理房间呢</para>
- <para/>
- <para>世海 : 喂, 这是丁人美宿舍吗？</para>
- <para>学友 : 是啊, 你找谁？</para>
- <para>世海 : 我找小丁。她在吗？请她接电话。</para>
- <para>学友 : 请问, 你是谁？</para>
- <para>世海 : 我是世海。</para>
- <para>学友 : 你好, 世海。我是学友。小丁正在整理房间呢。你等一等, 我去叫她听电话。</para>
- <para>世海 : 谢谢。</para>
- <para>人美 : 喂, 世海, 你好。今天怎麽有空给我打电话？你现在在哪儿？</para>
- <para>世海 : 我在学生中心。</para>
- <para>人美 : 正在那儿休息吗？</para>
- <para>世海 : 没有。我正在写一篇关於中国的报告。想问你几个问题, 好吗？</para>
- <para>人美 : 没问题, 可是我现在正在整理房间, 一会儿才有空。</para>
- <para>世海 : 没关系。一会儿, 你来这儿, 还是我去你那儿？</para>
- <para>人美 : 学生中心太吵了。来我这儿吧。</para>
- <para>世海 : 你那儿有中国地图吗？</para>
- <para>人美 : 没有。怎麽, 你要用中国地图？</para>
- <para>世海 : 是的。我们去图书馆, 怎麽样？</para>
- <para>人美 : 行。东亚图书馆, 对吗？</para>
- <para>世海 : 对。我在复印机旁边的那张桌子等你。</para>
- <para>人美 : 行。现在十点二十分。我们十一点在图书馆见。</para>
- <para>世海 : 再见。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77247_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>初級第二十三課: 對話 她正在整理房間呢</para>
- <para/>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 喂, 這是丁人美宿舍嗎？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 是啊, 你找誰？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 我找小丁。她在嗎？請她接電話。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 請問, 你是誰？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 我是世海。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 你好, 世海。我是學友。小丁正在整理房間呢。你等一等, 我去叫她聽電話。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 謝謝。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 喂, 世海, 你好。今天怎麼有空給我打電話？你現在在哪兒？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 我在學生中心。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 正在那兒休息嗎？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 沒有。我正在寫一篇關於中國的報告。想問你幾個問題, 好嗎？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 沒問題, 可是我現在正在整理房間, 一會兒才有空。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 沒關係。一會兒, 你來這兒, 還是我去你那兒？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 學生中心太吵了。來我這兒吧。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 你那兒有中國地圖嗎？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 沒有。怎麼, 你要用中國地圖？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 是的。我們去圖書館, 怎麼樣？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 行。東亞圖書館, 對嗎？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 對。我在復印機旁邊的那張桌子等你。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 行。現在十點二十分。我們十一點在圖書館見。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 再見。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77249_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Tā Zhèngzài Zhĕnglĭ Fángjiān ne</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Shìhăi: Wéi, zhè shì Dīng Rénmĕi de sùshè ma?</para>
- <para>Xuéyou: Shì a, nĭ zhăo shéi? </para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Wŏ zhăo xiăo Dīng. Tā zài ma？Qĭng tā jiē diànhuà</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Qĭng wèn, nĭ shì shéi?</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Wŏ shì Shìhăi.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Nĭ hăo, Shìhăi. Wŏ shì Xuéyŏu. Xiăo Ding zhèngzài zhĕnglĭ fángjiān ne. Nĭ dĕng yì dĕng. Wŏ qù jiào tā tīng diànhuà.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Xièxie.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Wéi, Shìhăi, nĭ hăo. Jīntiān zĕnme yŏu kòng gĕi wŏ dă</para>
- <para>diànhuà？Nĭ xiànzài zài năr?</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Wŏ zài xuéshēng zhōngxīn.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Zhèngzài nàr xiūxi ma?</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Méiyŏu. Wŏ zhèngzài xiĕ yìpiān guānyú Zhōngguó de bàogào. </para>
- <para>Xiăng wèn nĭ jĭgè wèntí hăo ma?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Méi wèntí kĕshì wŏ xiànzài zhèngzài zhĕnglĭ fángjiān, yìhuĭr cái yŏu kòng.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Méi guānxì Yìhuĭr, nĭ lái zhèr, hái shì wŏ qù nĭ nàr?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Xuéshēng zhōngxīn tài chăo le. Lái wŏ zhèr ba.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Nĭ nàr yŏu zhōngguó dìtú ma?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Méiyŏu. Zĕnme, nĭ yào yòng Zhōngguó dìtú</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Shìde. Wŏmen qù túshūguăn, zĕnmeyàng?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Xíng. Dōngyà túshūguăn, duì ma?</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Duì. Wŏ zài f`ùyìnjī pángbiān de nà zhāng zhuōzi dĕng nĭ</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Xíng. Xiànzài shí diăn èrshí fēn. Wŏmen shíyīdiăn zài túshūguăn jiàn.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Zàijiàn.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77251_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77253_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Shanghai is to the Southeast of Peking</para>
- <para/>
- <para>When Renmei Ding arrived at the library, Shihai was reading a newspaper. She asked Shihai:“ What newspaper are you reading?” Shihai said:“I’m reading [The World Journal]. Look, here there is a piece of news about the American president visiting Peking University. There is also a photo of him answering Beida Students’ questions. ( It ) is very interesting.”</para>
- <para>Renmei Ding said:“ Yes. These days there is a lot of news about the president’s delegation visiting China. (It) is in the papers, on TV, on the internet. You intend to write a report on China, ( and ) you shouldn’t be lack of materials, right?”</para>
- <para> “No, no. I only want to ask you a few geographical questions. OK?” </para>
- <para> “Sure. Hope I can answer your questions.”</para>
- <para> “This is Peking. Where is Shanghai?”</para>
- <para> “ Shanghai is to the Southeast of Peking. ( It ) is in the Southeast of China. Look, ( it ) is right here.”</para>
- <para> “Why did you say: ‘Shanghai zai Beijing de dongnan bian, zai Zhonguo de dongnan bu’？Why is one ‘bian’, and the other ‘bu’ ?”</para>
- <para> “Administratively Shanghai is a part of China; geographically Shanghai is situated IN the Southeast China, therefore we say:‘ Shanghai zai Zhongguo de dongnan bu, ” Geographically Shanghai is located TO the Southeast of Peking, but administratively Shanghai IS NOT a part of Peking, so we say: ‘Shanghai zai Beijing de dongnan bian.’ Understand?”</para>
- <para> “No.”</para>
- <para> “ Let me give you an example. Is Washington a part of the States?”</para>
- <para> “Yes.”</para>
- <para> “Geographically Washington is located in the States’….”</para>
- <para> “East.”</para>
- <para> “Then, we say: ‘Huashengdun zai Miguo de dongbu.’ Administratively, is Washington a part of New York?”</para>
- <para> “Of course not.”</para>
- <para> “But geographically Washington is situated to the South of New York. Then we say: ‘Huashengdun zai Niuyue de nanbian.’”</para>
- <para> “I think I understand now. In this way, Xianggang zai Zhongguo de nanbu </para>
- <para> ( Hong Kong is in the South of China), Xiangang zai Guangdong de nanbian ( Hong Kong is to the South of Canton), correct?”</para>
- <para> “Very well.”</para>
- <para> “I have another question. This is a map of China. This is also a map of China. Why are not the two maps the same?”</para>
- <para> “The big map is China before 1949, the small map is China after 1949.”</para>
- <para> “Why is the China before 1949 big, (while) the China after 1949 small?”</para>
- <para> “This problem is quite complicated. We will talk ( about it ) again later.”</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77255_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>短文 上海在北京的东南边</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美到图书馆的时候, 世海正在看报。她问世海："你在看什麽报？" 世海说："我正在看《世界日报》。你看, 这儿有一条美国总统访问北京大学的新闻, 还有他回答北大学生问题的照片, 很有意思。" </para>
- <para>丁人美说："是的。这两天关於总统代表团访问中国的新闻很多。报 纸上有, 电视上有, 网络上也有。要写关於中国的报告, 应该不缺资料吧？！" </para>
- <para>"不缺, 不缺。我只想问你几个地理问题, 行吗？" </para>
- <para>"行。希望我能回答你的问题。" "这是北京, 上海在哪儿呢？" </para>
- <para>"上海在北京的东南边, 在中国的东南部。看, 就在这儿。" </para>
- <para>"为什麽你说'上海在北京的东 南边, 在中国的东南部'呢？为什麽 一个是'边', 一个是'部'呢？" </para>
- <para>"因为行政上上海是中国的一部分, 地理上上海位於中国的东南, 所以我们说：' 上海在中国的东南部。'地理上上海位於北京的东南, 可是行政上上海不是北京的一部分, 所以我们说："上海在北京的东南边。'懂吗？" </para>
- <para>"不懂。" </para>
- <para>"给你举个例子吧, 华盛顿是美国的一部分吗？"</para>
- <para>"是。" </para>
- <para>"地理上华盛顿位於美国的..." </para>
- <para>"东边。" </para>
- <para>""那麽, 我们说：'华盛顿在美国的东部。' 行政上, 华盛顿是纽约的一部分吗？"</para>
- <para>"当然不是。" </para>
- <para>"可是, 地理上华盛顿位於纽约的南边。那麽, 我们说：'华盛顿在纽约的南边。' "</para>
- <para>"我想我明白了。这麽说, 香港在中国的南部, 在上海的南边, 对吗？" </para>
- <para>"很对。" </para>
- <para>"我还有一个问题。这是一张中国地图, 这也是一张地图。两张地图为什麽 不一样呢？" </para>
- <para>"大的地图是1949年以前的中国, 小的地图是1949年以後的中国。" </para>
- <para>"为什麽1949年以前的中国大, 1949年以後的中国小呢 ？" </para>
- <para>"这个问题很复杂。我们以後再说吧。"</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77257_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>短文 上海在北京的東南邊</para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美到圖書館的時候, 世海正在看報。她問世海﹕"你在看什麼報？" 世海說﹕"我正在看《世界日報》。你看, 這兒有一條美國總統訪問北京大學的新聞, 還有他回答北大學生問題的照片, 很有意思。" </para>
- <para>丁人美說﹕"是的。這兩天關於總統代表團訪問中國的新聞很多。報 紙上有, 電視上有, 網絡上也有。你要寫關於中國的報告, 應該不缺資料吧？！" </para>
- <para>"不缺, 不缺。我只想問你幾個地理問題, 行嗎？" </para>
- <para>"行。希望我能回答你的問題。" "這是北京, 上海在哪兒呢？" </para>
- <para>"上海在北京的東南邊, 在中國的東南部。看, 就在這兒。" </para>
- <para>"為什麼你說'上海在北京的東 南邊, 在中國的東南部'呢？為什麼 一個是'邊', 一個是'部'呢？" </para>
- <para>"因為行政上上海是中國的一部分, 地理上上海位於中國的東南, 所以我們說﹕' 上海在中國的東南。'地理上上海位於北京的東南, 可是行政上上海不是北京的一部分, 所以我們說﹕"上海在北京的東南邊。'懂嗎？" </para>
- <para>"不懂。" </para>
- <para>"給你舉個例子吧, 華盛頓是美國的一部分嗎？"</para>
- <para>"是。" </para>
- <para>"地理上華盛頓位於美國的..." </para>
- <para>"東邊。" </para>
- <para>""那麼, 我們說﹕'華盛頓在美國的東部。' 行政上, 華盛頓是紐約的一部分嗎？"</para>
- <para>"當然不是。" </para>
- <para>"可是, 地理上華盛頓位於紐約的南邊。那麼, 我們說﹕'華盛頓在紐約的南邊。' "</para>
- <para>"我想我明白了。這麼說, 香港在中國的南部, 在上海的南邊, 對嗎？" </para>
- <para>"很對。" </para>
- <para>"我還有一個問題。這是一張中國地圖, 這也是一張地圖。兩張地圖為什麼 不一樣呢？" </para>
- <para>"大的地圖是1949年以前的中國, 小的地圖是1949年以後的中國。" </para>
- <para>"為什麼1949年以前的中國大, 1949年以後的中國小呢 ？" </para>
- <para>"這個問題很複雜。我們以後再說吧。"</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77259_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Shànghăi zài Bĕijīng de dōngnán biān</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dīng Rénmĕi dào túshūguăn de shíhòu, Shìhăi zhèngzài kàn bào. Tā wèn Shìhăi: "Nĭ zài kàn shénme?" Shìhăi shuō: Wŏ zhèngzài kàn [Shìjiè Rìbào]. Nĭ kàn, zhèr yŏu yìtiáo Mĕiguó zŏngtŏng făngwèn Bĕijīng dàxué de xīnwén, hái yŏu tā huídá bĕidà xuéshēng wèntí de zhàopiàn. Hĕn yŏu yìsi."</para>
- <para>Dīng Rénmĕi shuō: Shìde, zhè liăngtiān guānyú zŏngtŏng dàibiăotuán făngwèn Zhōngguó de xīnwén hĕn duō bàozhĭ shàng yŏu, diànshì shàng yŏu, wăngluò shàng yĕ yŏu. Nĭ yào xiĕ guānyú Zhōngguó de bàogào, yīnggāi bù quē zīliào ba?!"</para>
- <para>"Bù quē bù quē. Wŏ zhĭ xiăng wèn nĭ jĭgè dìlĭ wèntí xíng ma?"</para>
- <para>"Xíng. Xīwàng wŏ néng huídá nĭde wèntí."</para>
- <para>"Zhè shì Bĕijīng, Shànghăi zài năr ne?"</para>
- <para>"Shànghăi zài Bĕijīng de dōngnán biān, zài Zhōnguó de dōngnán bù. Kàn, jiù zài zhèr."</para>
- <para>"Wèishénme nĭ shuō 'Shànghăi zài bĕijīng de dōngnán biān, zài Zhōngguó de dōngnán bù' ne？wèishénme yígè shì 'biān' , yígè shì 'bù' ne?"</para>
- <para>"Yīnwèi xíngzhèng shàng Shànghăi shì Zhōngguó de yí bùfèn, dìlĭ shàng Shànghăi wèiyú Zhōngguó de dōngnán, suŏyĭ wŏmen shuō 'Shànghăi zài Zhōnguó de dōngnán bù." Dìlĭ shàng Shànghăi wèiyú Bĕijīng de dōng nán, kĕshì xíngzhèng shàng Shànghăi bú shì Bĕijīng de yībùfèn, suŏyĭ wŏmen shuō 'Shànghăi zài bĕijīng de dōngnán biān.' Dŏng ma?"</para>
- <para>"Bù dŏng."</para>
- <para>"Gĕi nĭ jŭ gè lìzi ba, Huáshèngdùn shì Mĕiguó de yí bùfèn ma?</para>
- <para>"Shì."</para>
- <para>"Dìlĭ shàng Huáshèngdùn wèi yú Mĕiguó de?"</para>
- <para>"Dōngbiān."</para>
- <para>"Nàme, wŏmen shuō 'Huáshèngdùn zài Mĕiguó de dōngbù' Xíngzhèng shàng, Huáshèngdùn shì Niŭyuē de yí bùfèn ma?"</para>
- <para>"Dāngrán bú shì."</para>
- <para>"Kĕshì dìlĭ shàng Huáshèngdùn wèiyú Niŭyuē de nánbiān. Nàme, wŏmen shuō 'Huáshèngdùn zài Niŭyuē de nánbiān."</para>
- <para>"Wŏ xiăng wŏ míngbái le. Zhème shuō Xiānggăng zài Zhōngguó de nánbù, zài Guăngdōng de nán biān, duì ma?</para>
- <para>"Hĕn duì."</para>
- <para>"Wŏ hái yŏu yígè wèntí. Zhè shì yìzhāng Zhōngguó dìtú. Zhè yĕ shì yìzhāng dìtú. Liăngzhāng dìtú wèishénme bù yíyàng ne?"</para>
- <para>"Dàde dìtú shì yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭqián de Zhōngguó, xiăode dìtú shì yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭhòu de Zhōngguó."</para>
- <para>"Wèishénme yījiŭsìjiŭ nían yĭqián de Zhōngguó dà, yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭhòu de Zhōngguó xiăo ne?"</para>
- <para>"Zhè gè wèntí hĕn fŭzá. Wŏmen yĭhòu zài shuō ba.¨</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77261_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para>词 汇</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words </para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>报告</para></entry><entry><para>bàogào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>report</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>复印机</para></entry><entry><para>fùyìnjī</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>copy machine</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>日报</para></entry><entry><para>rìbào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>daily, journal</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>总统</para></entry><entry><para>zŏngtŏng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>president</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>新闻</para></entry><entry><para>xīnwén</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>news</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>照片</para></entry><entry><para>zhàopiàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>photo</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>网络</para></entry><entry><para>wăngluò</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Internet</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>地理</para></entry><entry><para>dìlĭ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>geography</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>例子</para></entry><entry><para>lìzi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>example, instance</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>部分</para></entry><entry><para>bùfèn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>part, section</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>华盛顿</para></entry><entry><para>Huáshèngdùn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Washington</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>香港</para></entry><entry><para>Xiānggăng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Hong Kong</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>广东</para></entry><entry><para>Guăngdōng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Canton</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>整理</para></entry><entry><para>zhĕnglĭ</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to clean, to organize, to straighten up</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>休息</para></entry><entry><para>xiūxi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to take a break, to rest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>访问</para></entry><entry><para>Făngwèn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to pay a visit</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>缺</para></entry><entry><para>quē</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to lack, to be short of</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>希望</para></entry><entry><para>xīwàng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to hope, to wish</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>懂</para></entry><entry><para>dŏng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to understand</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>明白</para></entry><entry><para>mìngbai</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to be clear</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>位於</para></entry><entry><para>wèiyú</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to be located, to be situated</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>举</para></entry><entry><para>jŭ</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to cite, to raise</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>关於</para></entry><entry><para>guānyú</para></entry><entry><para>prep.</para></entry><entry><para>on, about, concerning</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一样</para></entry><entry><para>yìyàng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>the same, similar</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>复杂</para></entry><entry><para>fùzá</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>complicated</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>地理上</para></entry><entry><para>dìlĭ shàng</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>geographically</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>行政上</para></entry><entry><para>xìngzhèng shàng </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>administratively</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>那麽</para></entry><entry><para>nàme</para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>then, so</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这麽说</para></entry><entry><para>zhème shuō</para></entry><entry><para>Idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>in this way, according to what you say</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>过一会儿</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>later</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>东</para></entry><entry><para>dōng</para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para>East</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>南</para></entry><entry><para>nán</para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para>South</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>西</para></entry><entry><para>xī</para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para>West</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>北</para></entry><entry><para>bĕi</para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para>North</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>东南</para></entry><entry><para>dōngnán</para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para>Southeast</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>西南</para></entry><entry><para>xīnán</para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para>Southwest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>东北</para></entry><entry><para>dōngbĕi</para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para>Northeast</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>西北</para></entry><entry><para>xībĕi</para></entry><entry><para>direction word</para></entry><entry><para>Northwest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>部</para></entry><entry><para>bù</para></entry><entry><para>suffix</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77263_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77265_1993127563"/>1. The suffix 部 :</title>
- <para>Like other suffixes such as 边, 面, 部 is often used in conjunction with direction words. For example:</para>
- <para>东部</para>
- <para>西部</para>
- <para>东北部</para>
- <para>西南部</para>
- <para>外部</para>
- <para>里部</para>
- <para>中部</para>
- <para>前部</para>
- <para>後部</para>
- <para>The difference between suffixes 边/面 and 部 is that Direction word + 部 talks about the intrinsic part of a whole, while Direction word + 边/面 concern with only the locality. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>中国的北部/中国的北面</para></entry><entry><para>in the North of China / to the North of China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这张椅子的上部/这张椅子的上边</para></entry><entry><para>the upper part of the chair / on (above) the chair</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>车的外部/车的外边</para></entry><entry><para>the exterior of the car / outside the car</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77267_1993127563"/>2. The prepositional phrase 关於....:</title>
- <para>The prepositional phrase 关於....is often used as attributive to modify a noun or verb phrase. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>关於怎麽学习中文这个问题</para></entry><entry><para>The question of how to learn Chines</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们明天谈关於学习中文这个问题。</para></entry><entry><para>We’ll tall about the question of how to learn Chinese tomorrow. </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>关於美国经济的报告</para></entry><entry><para>The report about the American Economy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他的关於美国经济的报告真好</para></entry><entry><para>His report on the American Economy is really good.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>关於中国的新</para></entry><entry><para>The news concerning China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这两天关於中国的新闻很多。</para></entry><entry><para>There are many news concerning China this couple of days.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77269_1993127563"/>3. The question word 几 in a statement:</title>
- <para/>
- <para>The question word 几 can also be used in statements as a small indefinite number. </para>
- <para>When it is used in a positive statement, it means “a few, some”. </para>
- <para>When it is used in a negative statement, it means “few, not many”. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我有几个中国朋友。</para></entry><entry><para>I have a few Chinese friends.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我没有几个朋友。</para></entry><entry><para>I don’t have many friends ( I have few friends).</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>明天请他做几个法国菜。</para></entry><entry><para>Tomorrow ( I ) will ask him to make some French dishes.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他写的几个字真漂亮。</para></entry><entry><para>The few characters he wrote are quite beautiful.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我没有几本汉英词典。</para></entry><entry><para>I don’t have many Chinese-English dictionaries.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>昨天没有几个人来参加他的生日晚会。</para></entry><entry><para>Yesterday there were not many people who came to his birthday party. </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77271_1993127563"/>4. 真 vs. 很:</title>
- <para>Both 真 (really) and 很 (very) can be used to modify adjectives. But 真 usually appears in exclamatory sentences to convey the speaker’s strong feelings and emotions such as approval, disapproval, while 很often works in statements or in descriptive sentences when the speaker wants to express his/her “objective” or more neutral comments. </para>
- <para>很 is also necessary when no other adjectives are used in a statement (but not a question) and the speaker does not wish to imply comparison or contrast. </para>
- <para>Compare: 这个很大。 (This one is big.) 这个大, 那个不大。(This one is bigger. That one is not (so) big.)</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77273_1993127563"/>5. The adverb 才:</title>
- <para>The adverb 才indicates that an action happens later than expected. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>电影是六点半的, 可是他们六点五十分才到</para></entry><entry><para>It was a six thirty movie, but they did not arrive until six fifty.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我1989年才来美国。</para></entry><entry><para>I did not come to the United States until 1989.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>昨天晚上他两点才回家。妈妈当然很不高兴。</para></entry><entry><para>Last night he did not come home until two o’clock. Mom of course was not happy.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他明天才来。</para></entry><entry><para>He is not coming until tomorrow.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that in this pattern, as with most adverbs, the position of 才 is before the verb but after the time expression: </para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="6"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><colspec colnum="6" colname="c6"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Time expression </para></entry><entry><para>才</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>(phrase) </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>妹妹</para></entry><entry><para>昨天</para></entry><entry><para>才</para></entry><entry><para>去</para></entry><entry><para>上课。</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>And the correspondent pattern in English is “not...until”. </para>
- <para>(Note that the English equivalent has a negative word, but the Chinese does not.)</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77275_1993127563"/>6. The conjunction 那麽:</title>
- <para>The conjunction 那麽 (then) is close to the English conjunction “since...( then )..., then”:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>今天你请我吃饭, 那麽下次我请你</para></entry><entry><para>Today you invited me to dinner ( you treated me), then next time I’ll invite you ( next time it will be my treat).</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你爸爸姓张, 那麽你一定也姓张。</para></entry><entry><para>Since your dad’s last name is Zhang, (then) yours surely is also Zhang.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你说星期三你都有空, 那麽每个星期三我都来找你玩。</para></entry><entry><para>You say that you have time on all Wednesdays, then I will come to look for you and play every Wednesday.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>In daily conversations, 那麽 can function as cohesive device, and is often simplified as 那. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>甲：今天我很忙, 有很多作业。</para></entry><entry><para>A: Today I’m quite busy. ( I ) have a lot of homework.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>乙：那我们走, 不吵你。</para></entry><entry><para>B: Then we’ll leave. ( We) won’t bother you.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>甲：我不喜欢看电视。</para></entry><entry><para>A: I don’t like watching TV.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>乙：那我们玩电脑, 怎么样？</para></entry><entry><para>B: Then, let’s play on the computers. How is that?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77277_1993127563"/>7. The pattern (跟/和)....(不)一样: </title>
- <para>The Chinese pattern for expressing similarity or dissimilarity as a result of comparison is :</para>
- <para>(跟/和)....(不)一样</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>这两本汉语书一样吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Are these two books the same?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这壶茶跟那壶茶一样。</para></entry><entry><para>This pot of tea is the same as that one. </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我喜欢的东西和我妈妈喜欢的东西不太一样。</para></entry><entry><para>The things I like and the thing my mom likes are not quite the same.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这个字跟那个字一样不一样？</para></entry><entry><para>Are this character and that character the same?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>昨天的新闻跟今天的新闻当然不一样。</para></entry><entry><para>Yesterday’s news is not the same as today’s of course.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>You can also put an adjective after 一样 to refer to the aspect or quality being compared:</para>
- <para/>
- <para> (跟/和)....(不)一样adj.</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>美国车跟日本车一样贵。</para></entry><entry><para>American cars are as expensive as Japanese cars. </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他说的汉语跟你老师说的汉语一样漂亮吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Is the Chinese he speaks as beautiful as that the teacher speaks? ( Is his Chinese as beautiful as that of the teacher’s？)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这个房间跟那个房间不一样大。</para></entry><entry><para>This room and that room are not the same size.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that the negation of this pattern can not be translated into English as: “?not so as”. </para>
- <para>For it only expresses that the two things under comparison are not the same. Some more examples:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>哥哥和弟弟不一样高。</para></entry><entry><para>The older brother and the younger brother are not the same height.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 这条裙子跟那条不一样长。</para></entry><entry><para>This skirt and that skirt are not the same length.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77279_1993127563"/>8. The expression 这麽说 as a cohesive device:</title>
- <para>The expression 这麽说 (“ in this way”, “so according to what you say”) can functions as a cohesive device in a dialogue. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>甲: 明天我没空。上午有课。下午我得去银行工作。</para>
- <para>乙：这麽说, 明天你不去纽约, 对吗？</para>
- <para>A: Tomorrow I have no time. ( I ) have class in the morning. In the afternoon I have to go the bank to work.</para>
- <para>B: So, you won’t go to New York tomorrow, right?</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>甲：我们家天天吃中国饭。我妈妈做的中国饭真好吃。她还教我怎麽做。</para>
- <para>乙：这麽说, 你做的中国饭一定也不错。这个星期六晚上, 你做饭, 怎么样？</para>
- <para>A: My family eats Chinese food every day. The Chinese food my mom makes is delicious. She also teaches me how to make (Chinese food).</para>
- <para>B: So, the Chinese food you make must be good, too. This Saturday night you cook, how is that?</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77281_1993127563"/>9。 The progressive aspect of an action:</title>
- <para>To indicate the progressive aspect of an action, we can use adverbs 正, 在 , or 正在 right before the verb and the particle 呢 at the end of the sentence. The basic pattern is:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="5"><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Adverb</para></entry><entry><para>Verb/v. phrase</para></entry><entry><para>Particle</para></entry><entry><para>English translation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>弟弟</para></entry><entry><para>在</para></entry><entry><para>打电话</para></entry><entry><para>呢</para></entry><entry><para>Younger brother is making a phone call.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她</para></entry><entry><para>正在</para></entry><entry><para>吃饭</para></entry><entry><para>呢</para></entry><entry><para>She is having dinner.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>谁</para></entry><entry><para>正</para></entry><entry><para>看电视</para></entry><entry><para>呢</para></entry><entry><para>Who is watching TV?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Points that merit attention:</para>
- <para>1. In this pattern, the adverbs 正, 在, 正在and the particle 呢 can either be used by themselves or in combination . For instance:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>他看报呢。</para></entry><entry><para>He is reading newspaper.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>爸爸正在写汉字。</para></entry><entry><para>Daddy is writing Chinese characters.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>小丁正玩电脑呢。</para></entry><entry><para>Ding is playing on computer.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>2. This pattern can work with specific time expressions. In the sentence, the position of the time expression can be before or right after the subject. For example: </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我昨天下午三点正睡觉呢。</para></entry><entry><para> Three o’clock yesterday afternoon I was sleeping.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你做饭的时候, 我在整理房间。 </para></entry><entry><para>I was cleaning the room while you cooked.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>3. When the verb in the sentence is modified by a prepositional phrase, adverbs 在, 正, 正在 should go before the prepositional phrase. For example:</para>
- <para>我起床的时候, 妈妈正在她的房间里看书。</para>
- <para>When I got up, mom was reading in her room.</para>
- <para>昨天上午妈妈来的时候, 你在作什麽？我正给我男朋友打电话呢。</para>
- <para>Yesterday when mom came, what were you doing？I was talking to my boy friend on the phone.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>4. The negation of this pattern is 没 (有) 在 . For example:</para>
- <para>小丁在看书吗？她没在看书。她正看电视呢。</para>
- <para>Is Ding reading？ She is not reading. She is watching TV.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>The short form of negative answer is 没有 :</para>
- <para>王老师现在在上课吗？没有。 他在语言实验室听录音呢。</para>
- <para>Is Teacher Wang teaching now？No. He is listening to the tape in the language lab.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77283_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77285_1993127563"/>1.The suffix 部 vs. 边/面:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你知道纽泽西在美国的东部还是西部？纽泽西不在美国的东部, 也不在美国的西部, 在美国的东北部。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>法国在英国的南边吗？我不知道。我们看地图吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我妈妈不喜欢这辆车的内部。可是我不听她的。车的内部漂亮不漂亮没关系。 你说, 对吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我哥哥很喜欢美国西部的电影。他每个月都要看一场。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我家在中国的东南部。 你家呢？我家在台南。 台南在台湾的南部。那麽, 这麽说, 台北一定在台湾的北部, 台南的北边, 对吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个房子的外部很漂亮, 内 部也不错。房子的前边有一个花园, 东边有一个公共健身房。离商店 也不远, 很方便。你为什麽不买呢？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ zhīdao Niŭzéxī zài Mĕiguó de dōngbù hái shì xībù？Niŭzéxī bú zài Mĕiguó de dōngbù, yĕ bú zài Mĕiguó de xībù, zài Mĕiguó de dōngbĕi bù.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Făguó zài Yīngguó de nánbiānr ma？Wŏ bù zhīdao. Wŏmen kàn dìtú ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ māma bù xĭhuan zhè liàng chē de nèibù. Kĕshì wŏ bù tīng tā de. Chē de nèibù piàoliang bú piàoliang méi yŏu guānxì. Nĭ shuō duì ba?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ gēge hĕn xĭhuan Mĕiguó xībù de diànyĭng. Tā mĕi gè yuè dōu yào kàn yì chăng.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ jiā zài Zhōngguó de dōngnán bù. Nĭ jiā ne？Wŏ jiā zài Táinán. Táinán zài Táiwan de nánbù. Nàme, zhème shuō. Táibĕi yídìng zài Táiwan de bĕibù, Táinán de bĕibiān, duì ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè ge fángzi de wàibù hĕn piàoliang, nèibù yĕ búcuò. Fángzi de qiánbiān yŏu yí ge huāyuán, dōngbiān yŏu yí ge gōnggòng jiànshēnfáng. Lì shāngdiàn yĕ bù yuăn, hĕn fāngbiàn. Nĭ wèishénme bù măi ne?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you know whether New Jersey is in the East or in the West of the States？New Jersey never is in the East nor is it in the West of the States. (It) is in the Northeast of the States.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is France to the south of England？I don’t know. Let’s look at the map.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>My mom doesn’t like the interior of this car. I did not listen to her opinion. It doesn’t matter whether the interior is pretty or not. Do you agree( Do you say am I right)?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>My older brother likes very much American Western movies. Every month he wants to see one.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>My family is in the Southeast of China？And yours？My family is in Tainan. Tainan is in the South of Taiwan. So, according to what you said, Taibei must be in the North of Taiwan, (and ) to the North of Tainan, right?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The exterior of this house is nice, (and ) the interior is not bad either. There is a garden in front of the house, (and) to the east of the house there is a public gym. Also, (it) is not far from the store. (It) is very convenient. Why didn’t you buy the house?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77287_1993127563"/>2. The prepositional phrase 关於:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>他写的这个关於中国经济问题的报告, 怎麽样？不错。他举的例子都很有意思。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>老师, 明天下午三点你有空吗？有。什麽事儿?我想问你几个关於欧洲地理的问题。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这几天我常常看电视。为什麽呢？因为电视上有很多关於中国的新闻。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>关於这件事儿, 我们以後再谈吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā xiĕ de zhè ge guānyú Zhōngguó jīngjì wèntì de bàogào, zĕnmeyàng？Búcuò. Tā jŭ de lìzi dōu hĕn yŏu yìsi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lăoshī, mìngtiān xiàwŭ sān diăn nĭ yŏu kòng ma？Yŏu. Shénme shìr？Wŏ xiăng wèn nĭ jĭ ge guānyú ōuzhōu dìlĭ de wèntì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè jĭ tiān wŏ chángcháng kàn diànshì. Wèishénme ne？Yīnwèi diànshì shàng yŏu hĕn duō guānyú Zhōngguó de xīnwén.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Guānyú zhèjiàn shìr, wŏmen yĭhòu zài tán ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>What do you think of the report he wrote about the problems of China’s economy？Not bad. The examples he cited are all very interesting.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Teacher, do you have time at three tomorrow afternoon？Yes. What is it about (what is the matter)？I want to ask you a few questions about the geography of Europe.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>These days I watch TV quite often. Why？Because there is quite a lot of news about China on TV.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>About this matter, let’s talk about it again later.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77289_1993127563"/>3.The question word 几 in a statement: </title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我有几本汉语语法书。你要借吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他说他没有几个钱, 所以每天都去学院的食堂工作。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我妹妹就认识几个汉字, 可是她说她的中文很好。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天你和妈妈去唐人街买什麽？我不知道妈妈要买什麽。我想买几张中国音乐光碟。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ yŏu jĭ bĕn Hànyŭ yŭfă shū. Nĭ yào jiè ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā shuō tā méiyŏu jĭ ge qián, suŏyĭ mĕitiān dōu dĕi qù xuéyuàn de shìtáng gōngzuò.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ mèimei jiù rènshi jĭ ge Hànzì, kĕshì tā shuō tā de Zhōngwén hĕn hăo.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mìngtiān nĭ hé māma qù Tángrén jiē măi shénme？Wŏ bù zhīdao māma yào măi shénme. Wŏ xiăng măi jĭ zhāng Zhōngguó yīnyuè guāngdié.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>I have a couple of Chinese Grammar 语法 books. Do you want to borrow them?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He said he didn’t have too much money. So he had to go to work in the college dining hall everyday.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>My younger sister only knows a few Chinese words, but she says her Chinese is good.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What will you and Mom go to Chinatown tomorrow to buy？I don’t know what Mom wants to buy. I want to buy a few Chinese music CD.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77291_1993127563"/>4. The adverb 才:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我十六岁才学英文。所以我的英文不好。请你帮助我, 好吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我明天下午才有空儿。你自己去纽约, 好吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>一个星期以前我才听说你姐姐去台湾学中文。她好吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>每天你几点起床？我上午九点起床。九点才起床。太晚了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他这个人真有意思。我告诉他晚会是七点的。可是他现在才来。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ shìliù suì cái xué yīngwén. Suŏyĭ wŏde yīngwén bù hăo. Qĭng nĭ bāngzhù wŏ hăo ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ mìngtiān xiàwŭ cái yŏu kòngr. Nĭ zìjĭ qù Niŭyuē hăo ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yí ge xīngqī yĭqiān wŏ cái tīngshuō nĭ jiĕjie qù Tāiwān xué Zhōngwén. Tā hăo ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mĕitiān nĭ jĭ diăn qĭ chuáng？Wŏ shàngwŭ jiŭ diăn qĭ chuáng. Jiŭ diăn cái qĭ chuáng. Tài wăn le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā zhè ge rén zhēn yŏu yìsi. Wŏ gàosu tā wănhuì shì qī diăn de. Kĕshì tā xiànzài cái lái.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>I didn’t study English until (I was ) sixteen, that’s why my English is not good. Would you help me?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I won’t have time until tomorrow afternoon. You go to New York yourself. OK?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I was not told that your sister went to Taiwan to study Chinese until a week ago. How is she doing?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When do you get up everyday？I got up at nine in the morning. (You don’t) get up till nine. (That) is too late.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This guy he is really funny. I told him the party was seven o’clock. But he did not show up until now.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77293_1993127563"/>5.The pattern (跟/和)....(不)一样:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>新总统跟旧总统不一样。新总统年轻, 喜欢上网路, 不喜欢看电视。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>美国南部人说的英语为什麽跟美国北部人说的英语不太一样呢？这个问题很复杂。我们明天上课的时候谈, 好吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你说这两条裙子一样吗？我觉得不一样。蓝的这条大, 绿的这条小。可是两条裙子一样长啊！</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>1949年以前的中国和1949年以後的中国一样吗？不完全一样。你怎麽知道？我们学的课文说 以前的中国跟现在的中国不一样大。地理上两个中国不一样 , 那麽, 行政上两个中国一样吗？这个问题不好回答。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xīn zŏngtŏng gēn jiù zŏngtŏng bù yìyàng. Xīn zŏngtŏng niánqīng, xĭhuan shàng wănglù, bù xĭhuan kàn diànshì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mĕiguó nánbù rén shuō de Yīngyŭ wèishénme gēn Mĕiguó bĕibù rén shuō de bù tài yìyàng ne？Zhè ge wèntì hĕn fùzá. Wŏmen mìngtiān shàngkè de shìhòu tán, hăo ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ shuō zhè liăng tiáo qúnzi yīyàng ma？Wŏ juéde bù yìyàng. Lán de zhè tiáo dà, lǜ de zhètiáo xiăo. Kĕshì liăng tiáo qúnzi yìyàng cháng a.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭqián de Zhōngguó hé yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭhòu de Zhōngguó yìyàng ma？Bù wánquán yìyàng. Nĭ zĕnme zhīdao？Wŏmen xué de kèwén shuō yĭqián de Zhōnguó gēn xiànzài de Zhōngguó bú yìyàng dà. Dìlĭ shàng liăng ge Zhōngguó bù yìyàng, nàme, xìngzhèng shàng liăng ge Zhōngguó yìyàng ma？Zhè ge wèntì bù hăo huìdá.</para>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>The new president is different from the old one. The new president is young. (He) likes to go on the internet (and he) does not like to watch TV.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Why is the English spoken by the people from the South of the United States not quite the same as that spoken by the people from the North of the United States？This question is quite complicated. We will talk about (it) during the class, OK?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you think these two skirts are the same？I don’t think (they) are the same. The blue one is big, (and) the green on is small. But the two skirts are the same length!</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is China before 1949 the same as the one after 1949？(It) is not totally the same. How do you know？The text we learn says that China before and China now are not the same size. Geographically, the two Chinas are not the same. Then, administratively, are the two Chinas the same？This question is not easy to answer.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77295_1993127563"/>6. The progressive aspect of an action:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>请问, 小王在吗？他正在写报告呢。 你有事吗？我想问他几个问题。可是, 他现在正忙, 我一会儿找他。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你知道那个在听录音的孩子是谁家的孩子？我想是老张家的吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>人美, 你忙什麽呢？我在整理桌子。你在整理哪张桌子？门对面的那张。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>世海, 我用一下你的英汉词典, 好吗？对不起, 我正用呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天我来的时候, 他们正在作作业。我走的时候, 他们还在作作业。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>大哥, 你在听什麽？我在听新闻。这两天你总是在听新闻。为什麽呢？这两天, 美国总统来这儿访问。有意思的新闻不少, 所以, 我总是在听新闻。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>妈妈, 你在休息吗？没有, 我在看你姐姐在广东照的那些照片呢。现在的广东跟三年前我们 去的那个广东很不一样。真有意思。你也来看看, 好吗？对不起, 妈妈, 我没空儿。我正在背今天 老师教的生词呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qĭngwèn, Xiăo Wáng zài ma？Tā zhèngzài xiĕ bàogào ne. Nĭ yŏu shì ma？Wŏ xiăng wèn tā jĭ ge wèntì Kĕshì tā xiànzài zhèng máng, wŏ yìhuĭr zhăo tā.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ zhīdao nà ge zài tīng lùyīn de háizi shì shéi jiā de háizi？Wŏ xiăng shì lăo Zhāng jiā de ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Rénmĕi, nĭ máng shénme ne？Wŏ zài zhĕnglĭ zhuōzi. Nĭ zài zhĕnglĭ nă zhāng zhuōzi？Mén duìmiàn de nà zhāng.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shìhăi, wŏ yòng yìxià nĭ de Hàn-Yīng cìdiăn, hăo ma？Duìbùqĭ, wŏ zhèng yòng ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān wŏ lái de shìhòu, tāmen zhèngzài zuò zuòyè. Wŏ zŏu de shìhòu, tāmen hái zài zuò zuòyè.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Dàgē, nĭ zài tīng shénme？Wŏ zài tīng xīnwén. Zhè liăng tiān nĭ zŏngshì zài tīng xīnwén. Wèishénme ne？Zhè liăng tiān, Mĕiguó zŏngtŏng lái zhèr făngwèn. Yŏu yìsi de xīnwén bù shăo, suŏyĭ wŏ zŏngshì zài tīng xīnwén.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Māma, nĭ zài xiūxi ma？Méiyŏu, wŏ zài kàn nĭ jiĕjie zài Guăngdōng zhào de nàxiē zhàopiàn ne. Xiànzài de Guăngdōng gēn sān nián qián wŏmen qù de nà ge Guăngdōng hĕn bú yìyàng. Zhēn yŏu yìsi. Nĭ yĕ lái kànkan, hăo ma？Duìbùqĭ, māma, wŏ méi kòngr. Wŏ zhèngzài bèi jīntiān lăoshī jiāo de shēng cì ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Excuse me, is Wang in？He is writing a report. What’s the matter？I want to ask him a few questions. But, he is busy now. I’ll come back (look for him) later.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you know whose kid he is, the one who is listening to the tape？I think (he) is the Zhangs’.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Renmei, What are you busy about？I’m cleaning the table. Which table are you cleaning？The one across from the door.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shihai, may I use your Chinese-English dictionary？I’m sorry, I’m using (it).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When I came yesterday, they were doing their homework. When I left, they were still doing their homework.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Big brother, what are you listening to？I’m listening to the news. These two days, you have been listening to the news all the time. Why？These two days, the president of the United States came here for a visit. There is quite a lot of interesting news. So, I’m always listening to the news.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mom, are you resting？No. I’m looking at the photos your sister took in Canton. Nowadays’ Canton is quite different from the one we visited three years ago. (It) is really interesting. Come and take a look, OK？Sorry, mom, I don’t have time. I’m memorizing the new words the teacher taught today.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77297_1993127563"/>Lesson 24</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77299_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77301_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Take Some Dimsum Mom Makes</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Renmei: Xueyou, what’s your plan for this weekend (what do you plan to do this weekend)?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Shihai and those guys want to go fishing in the suburbs. How is that we join them (we go with them) ?</para>
- <para>Renmei: This week we are all very busy. (We) have class in the morning; work in the afternoon; in the evening if (we) are not reviewing, then (we) are previewing. Every night we don’t go to bed until twelve. It would be a nice change that we go out this weekend to unwind. Which day are we doing?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: (We’ll) go Sunday.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Why Sunday？Isn’t Saturday good?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Saturday Shihai and I will volunteer in the hospital. Did you forget about it?</para>
- <para>Renmei: How come I forgot such an important matter?! (I’m) really embarrassed. How are we going? Are we driving or taking a train.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: I’d like to take a train ( I say (we) take a train), but Shihai said it’s convenient to drive. If he wants to drive, then (we) drive. Anyway, (It’s) same. </para>
- <para>Renmei: Whose car are we going to drive.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Drive Shihai’s. His is bigger.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Then, I’m now going to store to do some shopping (to buy some things)</para>
- <para>Xueyou: What’s the hurry?</para>
- <para>Renmei: Go to suburbs, we got to bring something to eat, right?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Take some dimsum Mom makes. I like to eat dimsum my mom makes. I know Shihai likes it, too.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Is it OK just to take some dimsum?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: I think it’s fine. Just a minute ( you sit for a while). I’m going to call Shihai, (and) ask him whether (we) shall prepare something to eat.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Call (him) later. When I came here, I bumped into him on the way. He said he went to the gyms to work out. I think he is still there weight-lifting.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Then, (I’ll) call later….yes, I was working on my Chinese homework when you got here. The Grammar 语法 for this week is very difficult. I have a few questions. Could you help to take a look?</para>
- <para>Renmei: No problem.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77303_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>带点儿妈妈做的点心吧</para>
- <para/>
- <para>人美 : 学友, 这个周末你打算做些什麽？</para>
- <para>学友 : 世海他们想去郊外钓鱼。我们跟他们一起去, 怎麽样？</para>
- <para>人美 : 这个星期我们大家都很忙。上午上课, 下午打工, 晚上不是复习就是预习, 天天晚上十二点以後才睡觉。周末出去散心散心也好。我们哪天去呢？</para>
- <para>学友 : 星期天去。</para>
- <para>人美 : 为什麽星期天呢？星期六不是很好吗？</para>
- <para>学友 : 星期六我和世海要去医院作义工, 你忘了吗？</para>
- <para>人美 : 这麽重要的事儿, 我怎麽忘了呢？! 真不好意思。我们怎麽去呢？ 开车还是坐火车？</para>
- <para>学友 : 我说坐车去, 可是世海说开车方便。开车就开车吧, 反正, 都一样。 你说对吧？</para>
- <para>人美 : 开谁的车呢？</para>
- <para>学友 : 开世海的车。他的车大。</para>
- <para>人美 : 那麽, 我现在去商店买点东西。</para>
- <para>学友 : 忙什麽？</para>
- <para>人美 : 去郊外, 我们总得带点吃的吧？</para>
- <para>学友 : 带点儿妈妈给我们做的点心吧。我喜欢吃我妈妈做的点心, 我知道 世海也喜欢吃她做的点心。 </para>
- <para>人美 : 带点心就行吗？</para>
- <para>学友 : 我想行吧。你坐一下, 我去给世海打个电话, 问他要不要准备点吃的。</para>
- <para>人美 : 过一会儿打吧。我来这儿的时候, 在路上踫见他。他说他去健身房锻炼。 我想他现在一定还在那儿举重。</para>
- <para>学友 : 那好, 一会儿打...对了, 你来的时候, 我正在做中文作业。这个 星期的语法很难。我有几个问题。你帮我看看, 好吗？</para>
- <para>人美 : 没问题。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77305_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>對話 = dialogue</para>
- <para>帶點兒媽媽做的點心吧</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 學友, 這個周末你打算做些什麼？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 世海他們想去郊外釣魚。我們跟他們一起去, 怎麼樣？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 這個星期我們大家都很忙。上午上課, 下午打工, 晚上不是復習就是預習, 天天晚上十二點以後才睡覺。周末出去散心散心也好。我們哪天去呢？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 星期天去。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 為什麼星期天呢？星期六不是很好嗎？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 星期六我和世海要去醫院作義工, 你忘了嗎？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 這麼重要的事兒, 我怎麼忘了呢？! 真不好意思。我們怎麼去呢？ 開車還是坐火車？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 我說坐車去, 可是世海說開車方便。開車就開車吧, 反正, 都一樣。 你說對吧？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 開誰的車呢？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 開世海的車。他的車大。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 那麼, 我現在去商店買點東西。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 忙什麼？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 去郊外, 我們總得帶點吃的吧？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 帶點兒媽媽給我們做的點心吧。我喜歡吃我媽媽做的點心, 我知道 世海也喜歡吃她做的點心。 </para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 帶點心就行嗎？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 我想行吧。你坐一下, 我去給世海打個電話, 問他要不要準備點吃的。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 過一會兒打吧。我來這兒的時候, 在路上踫見他。他說他去健身房鍛煉。 我想他現在一定還在那兒舉重。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 那好, 一會兒打...對了, 你來的時候, 我正在做中文作業。這個 星期的語法很難。我有幾個問題。你幫我看看, 好嗎？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 沒問題。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77307_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para> Duìhuà (dialogue)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dài diănr māma zuò de diănxīn ba</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Xuéyŏu, zhègè zhōumò nĭ dăsuàn zuò xiē shénme?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Shìhăi tāmen xiăng qù jiāowài diàoyú. Wŏmen gēn tāmen yìqĭ qù zĕnmeyàng?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Zhègè xīngqī wŏmen dàjiā dōu hĕn máng: shàngwŭ shàng kè, xiàwŭ dăgōng, wănshàng búshì fùxí jiùshì yùxí tiāntian wănshàng shíèr diăn yĭhòu cái shuìjiào. Zhōumò chūqù sànxīn sànxīn yĕ hăo. Wŏmen nă tiān qù ne?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Xīngqītiān qù.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Wèishénme xīngqītiān ne？Xīngqīliù bù hăo ma?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Xīngqīliù wŏ hé Shìhăi yào qù yīyuàn zuò yìgōng, nĭ wàngle ma?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Zhème zhòngyào de shìr, wŏ zĕnme wàngle ne?! Zhēn bù hăo yìsi. Wŏmen zĕnme qù ne？Kāi chē háishì zuò huŏchē?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Wŏ shuō zuòchē qù, kĕshì Shìhăi shuĭ kāichē fāngbiàn.Kaī chē jiù kāichē ba, fănzhèng, dōu yíyàng. Nĭ shuō duì ba?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Kāi shuíde chē ne?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Kāi Shìhăi de chē. Tāde chē dà.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Nàme, wŏ xiànzài qù shāngdiàn măi diăn dōngxi.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Máng shénme?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Qù jiāowài, wŏmen zŏng dĕi dài diăn chī de ba?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Dài diănr māma gĕi wŏmen zuò de diănxīn ba. Wŏ xĭhuān chī wŏ māma zuò de diănxīn. Wŏ zhīdào Shìhăi yĕ xĭhuān chī tāde zuò de diănxīn.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Dài diănxīn jiù xíng ma?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Wŏ xiăng xíng ba. Nĭ zuò yíxiàr, wŏ qù gĕi Shìhăi dă gè diànhuà wèn tā yào búyào zhŭnbèi chīde.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Guò yìhuĭr dă ba.Wŏ lái zhèr de shíhòu, zài lùshàng pèngjiàn tā. Tā shuō tā qù jiànshén fáng duànliàn. Wŏ xiăng tā xiànzài yídìng hái zài nàr jŭ zhòng.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Nà hăo, yì huĭr dă .duìle, nĭ lái de shíhòu, wŏ zhèngzài zuò Zhōngwén zuòyè. Zhègè xīngqī de yŭfă hĕn nán. Wŏ yŏ u jĭgè wèntí. Nĭ bāng wŏ kànkan, hăo ma?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Méi wèntí. </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77309_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words </para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para> Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para> 周末</para></entry><entry><para>zhōumò</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>weekend</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>郊外</para></entry><entry><para>jiāowài</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>outskirts, suburbs</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>鱼</para></entry><entry><para>yú</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>fish</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>医院</para></entry><entry><para>yīyuàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>hospital</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>义工</para></entry><entry><para>yìgōng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>volunteer</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>火车</para></entry><entry><para>huŏchē</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>train</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>点心</para></entry><entry><para>diănxīn</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>dimsum, desert</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>带</para></entry><entry><para>dài</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to bring, to take</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>打算</para></entry><entry><para>dăsuàn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to plan</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>plan</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>钓</para></entry><entry><para>diào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to hook</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>钓鱼</para></entry><entry><para>diào yú</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>to go fishing</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>打工 </para></entry><entry><para>dă gōng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to work part time</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>复习</para></entry><entry><para>fùxí</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to review</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>预习</para></entry><entry><para>yùxí</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to preview</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>散心</para></entry><entry><para>sànxīn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to relax, to unwind</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>忘</para></entry><entry><para>wàng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to forget</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>准备</para></entry><entry><para>zhŭnbèi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to prepare</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>踫见</para></entry><entry><para>pèngjiàn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to bump into, meet by chance</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>锻炼</para></entry><entry><para>duànliàn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to do physical exercise, to work out</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>举</para></entry><entry><para>jŭ</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to lift</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>举重</para></entry><entry><para>jŭzhòng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to lift weights</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>要</para></entry><entry><para>yào</para></entry><entry><para>aux. v.</para></entry><entry><para>shall, will</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>重要</para></entry><entry><para>zhòngyào</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>important</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不好意思</para></entry><entry><para>bù hăo yìsi</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>embarrassed</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>难</para></entry><entry><para>nán</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>difficult</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>行</para></entry><entry><para>xíng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>OK, fine</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>反正</para></entry><entry><para>fănzhèng</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>anyway</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这麽/那麽</para></entry><entry><para>zhème/nàme</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>so, such</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>(一)点儿</para></entry><entry><para>(yì)diănr</para></entry><entry><para>pronoun</para></entry><entry><para>some</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77311_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77313_1993127563"/> 1.The auxiliary verb 要:</title>
- <para>The auxiliary verb 要 indicates a future action. It is an equivalent of English “shall, will, be going to, or want to”. </para>
- <para>It also expresses a desire or an intention, somewhat like English “want to”.</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>明天我们要去钓鱼。</para></entry><entry><para>Tomorrow we’ll go fishing.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这个周末他要去纽约。</para></entry><entry><para>This weekend he’ll go to New York.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>To negate, use 不 + v. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>老师, 我不回答这个问题。</para></entry><entry><para>Teacher, I won’t answer this question.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>今天她不吃饭。</para></entry><entry><para>She is not going to eat today.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that要 can also function as a verb. When it is used as a verb, it means “to want” in English, and it is followed by a noun which works as the object of the verb “to want”. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我要一杯咖啡。</para></entry><entry><para>I want a cup of coffee.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他不要这本书。</para></entry><entry><para>He doesn’t want this book.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>If you want to express the English idea “to want to” in Chinese, instead of 要, you should employ 想.</para>
- <para>For instance:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我想买一张桌子。</para></entry><entry><para>I want to buy a table.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他不想去郊外。</para></entry><entry><para>He doesn’t want to go to the suburbs.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77315_1993127563"/>2.(一)点儿:</title>
- <para>Like 一下, 一点儿 can be used after the verb to moderate the tone of voice. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>你吃(一)点儿鱼吧。</para></entry><entry><para>(You) eat some fish.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们买(一)点儿点心, 好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>We buy some deserts, OK?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>When 一点儿 is followed by an object, 一 is often dropped. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77317_1993127563"/>3.The pattern 不是 n./v....就是 n./v....:</title>
- <para>The pattern 不是 n.....就是 n....is equivalent to the English pattern: “If subject is not something/someone, then the subject is the other”. </para>
- <para>For example: </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>她不是张老师就是王老师。</para></entry><entry><para> If she is not Teacher Zhang, then she is Teacher Wang.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这条裙子不是妹妹的就是姐姐的。</para></entry><entry><para>This skirt if is not younger sister’s then is older sister’s.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>那不是画报就是杂志。</para></entry><entry><para>If that is not a pictorial, then it is a magazine. </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>The pattern 不是 v.....就是 v...is equivalent to the English pattern: “If subject is not doing something, then the subject is doing the other”. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>每天他不是吃饭就是睡觉。</para></entry><entry><para>Everyday, if he is not eating, then (he) is sleeping.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我很忙, 每天不是学习就是打工。</para></entry><entry><para>I’m busy. Everyday if (I’m) not studying then (I’m) working.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>4.The pattern “...也好”:</para>
- <para>The pattern ...也好 translated into English will be “ It would be a nice alternative that...”. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>今天我很忙。明天去也好。</para></entry><entry><para>Today I’m busy. It would be a nice alternative that (we) go tomorrow.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>王老师没空, 那麽, 丁老师教也好。</para></entry><entry><para>Teacher Wang has no time, then, it will be a nice alternative that Teacher Ding will teach.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这几天大家都很忙。下午不上课也好。</para></entry><entry><para>These few days everybody is busy. It will be a nice alternative that (we) will not have class this afternoon.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that “It” in English pattern “It would be a nice alternative that...” is a superficial subject.</para>
- <para>The actual subject is the clause “that...”. In Chinese, there is no place for a superficial subject, so you have to move the actual subject back to its rightful place. For instance:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>It would be a nice alternative that we take train tomorrow.</para></entry><entry><para>我们明天坐火车去也好。</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77319_1993127563"/>5.怎麽去 vs. 怎麽走:</title>
- <para>怎麽走 is an idiomatic expression, used to ask for DIRECTION. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>纽约怎麽走？</para></entry><entry><para>How to get to New York?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学生食堂怎麽走？</para></entry><entry><para>How to get to the Students’ dining hall?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>健身房怎麽走？</para></entry><entry><para>How to get to the gyms?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>怎麽去 is an expression which is translated into English as “by what means”. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>明天我们怎麽去？坐火车还是开车？</para></entry><entry><para>By what means are we going tomorrow, by train or driving?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他没有车, 下午怎麽去呢？</para></entry><entry><para>He has no car. How can he go this afternoon ( by what means can he go this afternoon?)</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77321_1993127563"/>6. The pattern v. 就 v. 吧:</title>
- <para>v. 就 v. 吧 can be translated in into English as “if that’s what someone wants, then (we/I) will do it.” </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>爸爸要我学中文。学就学吧。</para></entry><entry><para>Dad asks me to learn Chinese, If that’s what he wants, then I will do it.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他说带自己作的点心。带就带吧。</para></entry><entry><para>He said (we’d) bring the pastry we made ourselves. If that’s what he wanted, then I’ll do it.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77323_1993127563"/>Speech patterns 语 型</title>语 型<sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77325_1993127563"/>1. The auxiliary verb 要:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>老师, 我们要复习今天教的这一课吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>他说他要买这张桌子吗？他说他不想买桌子。你要, 你买吧。</para></listitem><listitem><para>我用一下你的电话, 好吗？对不起。我自己也要用。</para></listitem><listitem><para>今天下午你要跟我们一起去钓鱼吗？我很想去。可是我没有空。下个星期, 看看吧。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Lăoshī, wŏmen yào fùxí jīntiān jiāo de zhè yí kè ma？</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tā shuō tā yào măi zhè zhāng zhuōzi ma？Tā shuō tā bù xiăng măi zhuōzi. Nĭ yào, nĭ măi ba.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏ yòng yíxià nĭ de diànhuà, hăo ma？Duìbuqĭ. Wŏ zìjĭ yĕ yào yòng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Jīntiān xiàwŭ nĭ yào gēn wŏmen yìqĭ qù diào yú ma？Wŏ hĕn xiăng qù, kĕshì wŏ méi yŏu kòng. Xià gè xīngqī kànkan ba.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Teacher, shall we review what is taught today？</para></listitem><listitem><para>Did he say that he was going to buy this table？He did not say that he was going to buy a table.(If) you want, you buy (it).</para></listitem><listitem><para>May I use your phone？Sorry, I’m going to use it myself.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Are you going to go fishing with us this afternoon？I want very much to go, but I don’t have time. Next week, let’s see (whether I would have time).</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77327_1993127563"/>2.(一) 点儿:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>我们买点儿吃的, 好吗？为什麽呢？妈妈作的点心不好吗？</para></listitem><listitem><para>明天是我姐姐的生日。她请我们去参加她的晚会。你说我们要不要带点儿礼物？</para></listitem><listitem><para>喝点儿茶吧。你知道我不喜欢喝茶。喝点儿这茶吧。中国的。很不错。</para></listitem><listitem><para>妈妈不喜欢我整天玩电脑, 上网路。她要我看点书。</para></listitem><listitem><para>妈妈在厨房里忙什麽呢？她说她要给你作点儿你喜欢吃的点心。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Wŏmen măi diănr chī de, hăo ma？Wèi shénme ne？Māma zuò de diănxīn bù hăo ma?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Míngtiān shì wŏ jiĕjie de shēngrì. Tā qĭng wŏmen qù cānjiā tā de wănhuì. Nĭ shuō wŏmen yào bú yào dài diănr lĭwù?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Hē diănr chá ba. Nĭ zhīdao wŏ bù xĭhuan hē chá. Hē diănr zhè chá ba. Zhōngguó de. Hĕn bú cuò. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Māma bù xĭhuan wŏ zhĕngtiān wán diànnăo, shàng wănglù. Tā yào wŏ kàn diănr shū.</para></listitem><listitem><para>5.Māma zài chúfáng lĭ máng shénme ne？Tā shuō tā yào gĕi nĭ zuò diănr nĭ xĭhuan chī de diănxīn.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Let’s buy some food, OK？Why？Is the dimsum Mom made not good?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tomorrow is my older sister’s birthday. She invited us to attend her party. Do you think we shall buy her some gift?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Drink some tea. You know I don’t like to drink tea. Drink some of this. (It is) Chinese tea. Not bad.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Mom does not like that I watch TV and play the internet all day long. She wants me to read some books.</para></listitem><listitem><para>What is Mom busy with in the kitchen？She said she would make some dimsum you like.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77329_1993127563"/>3. The pattern 不是n./v？就是n./v?:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>她的英文真好。我想她不是英国人就是美国人。</para></listitem><listitem><para>学中文不容易。要作的事情很多。所以学中文的学生每天不是背生词就是听录音。</para></listitem><listitem><para>小丁在哪儿？她不是在图书馆找资料就是在宿舍写报告。</para></listitem><listitem><para>这个人跟世海真像。我看他不是世海的哥哥就是世海的弟弟。</para></listitem><listitem><para>这张照片是谁的？不是张老师的就是王老师的。你看, 他们俩都在上面。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Tā de Yīngwén zhēn hăo. Wŏ xiăng tā bú shì Yīngguó rén jiù shì Mĕiguó rén.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Xué Zhōngwén bù róngyì. Yào zuò de shìqìng hĕn duō, suŏyĭ xué Zhōngwén de xuésheng mĕitiān bú shì bèi shēngcì jiù shì tīng lùyīn.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Xiăo Dīng zài năr？Tā bú shì zài túshūguăn zhăo zīliào, jiù shì zài sùshè xiĕ bàogào.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhè gè rén zhēn xiàng Shìhăi. Wŏ kàn tā bú shì Shìhăi de gēge jiù shì Shìhăi de dìdi.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn shì shéide？Bú shì Zhāng lăoshī de jiù shì Wáng lăoshī de. Nĭ kàn, tāmen liăng dōu zài shàngmiàn.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Her English is really good. I think if she is not British then she is American.</para></listitem><listitem><para>It is not easy to learn Chinese. (There are) a lot of things need to be done, so everyday, the students who learn Chinese if they are not memorizing new words then they are listening to the tapes.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Where is Ding？ If she is not looking for the materials in the library then she is writing a report in the dorm room.</para></listitem><listitem><para>This guy looks so much alike Shihai. I think if he is not Shihai’s older brother then he is his younger brother.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Whose picture is this？If not Teacher Zhang’s then (it) is Teacher Wang’s. Look, both of them are in the picture.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77331_1993127563"/>4.The pattern...也好:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>你不想学中文, 那麽, 学日文也好。日 文 也 很 有 意 思 。 </para></listitem><listitem><para>妈妈, 哥哥说他不想去纽约。他不去, 我去, 好吗？你去也好。</para></listitem><listitem><para>爸爸, 奶奶家离学校太远了。我想住学院的宿舍。住宿舍也好。你姐姐以前也住宿舍。</para></listitem><listitem><para>我没有蓝裙子, 穿蓝裤子, 怎么样？穿裤子也好, 反正, 都一样。</para></listitem><listitem><para>休息一下也好。我想去厕所。</para></listitem><listitem><para>去借也好。买太贵了。爸爸一定不高兴。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Nĭ bù xiăng xué Zhōngwén, nàme, xué Rìwén yĕ hăo. Rìwén yĕ hĕn yŏu yìsi.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Māma, Gēge shuō tā bù xiăng qù Niŭyuē. Tā bú qù, wŏ qù, hăo ma？Nĭ qù yĕ hăo.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Bàba, Năinai jiā lĭ xuéxiào tài yuăn le. Wŏ xiăng zhù xuéyuàn de sùshè. Zhù sùshè yĕ hăo. Nĭ jiĕjie yĭqiān yĕ zhù sùshè. </para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏ méi yŏu lán qúnzi, chuān lán kùzi zĕnmeyàng？Chuān kùzi yĕ hăo. Fănzhèng, dōu yìyàng.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Xiūxi yíxià yĕ hăo. Wŏ xiăng qù cèsuŏ.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Qù jiè yĕ hăo. Măi tài guì le. Bàba yídìng bù gāoxìng.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>You don’t want to study Chinese. Then, it would be a nice alternative to study Japanese. It is also very interesting to study Japanese.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Mom, Older brother said that he wouldn’t go to New York. He won’t go, I go. It will be a nice alternative that you go.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Dad, grandma’s home is too far away from the school. I want to live in the college’s dorm. It would be a nice alternative to live in the dorm. Your sister used to live in the dorm.</para></listitem><listitem><para>I don't have blue skirt, how about blue pants？It would be a nice alternative to wear blue pants. </para></listitem><listitem><para>It would be a nice change to take a break. I want to go the restroom.</para></listitem><listitem><para>It would a nice alternative to borrow. It is too expensive to buy (one). Dad definitely won’t be happy.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77333_1993127563"/>5. 怎麽走 vs. 怎麽去:</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>请问, 学生中心怎麽走？我们同路。你跟我来吧。</para></listitem><listitem><para>明天我们怎麽去郊外呢？坐火车吧。坐火车很方便。</para></listitem><listitem><para>小王没有车, 也没有钱。明天她怎麽去上班呢？</para></listitem><listitem><para>你知道从这儿去纽约怎麽走吗？我不知道, 可是我有地图啊。纽约这麽大的一个地方。我想一定不难找, 所以我觉得这不是问题。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Qĭngwèn, xuésheng zhōngxīn zĕnme zŏu？Wŏmen tóng lù. Nĭ gēn wŏ lái ba.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Míngtiān wŏmen zĕnme qù jiāowài ne？Zuò huŏchē ba. Zuò huŏchē fāngbiàn.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Xiăo Wáng méi yŏu chē, yĕ méi yŏu qián. Míngtiān tā zĕnme qù shàng bān ne?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Nĭ zhīdao cóng zhèr qù Niŭyuē zĕnme zŏu？Wŏ bù zhīdao, kĕshì wŏ yŏu dìtú a. Niŭyuē zhème dà de yí gè dìfāng, wŏ xiăng yídìng bù nán zhăo. Suŏyĭ wŏ juéde zhè bú shì wèntì. </para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Excuse me, how to get to the students’ center？We are going in the same direction. Follow me, please.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Tomorrow how do we go to the suburbs？Let’s take a train. It is very convenient to take a train.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wang has no car nor does she have money. How will she go to work tomorrow?</para></listitem><listitem><para>Do you know how to get to New York from here. I don’t know, but I have a map. New York is such a big place. I definitely don’t think it’s difficult to find. So, I don’t think this is a problem.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77335_1993127563"/>6. The pattern v. 就 v. (吧):</title><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>张老师明天去纽约。他说他不跟我们一起去钓鱼。不去就不去。我们自己去。</para></listitem><listitem><para>我觉得开车方便, 可是她说坐火车好。坐火车就坐火车吧。我听她的。</para></listitem><listitem><para>吃中国饭喝中国酒, 这不很好吗？可是, 他要我作美国饭。作美国饭就作美国饭吧, 反正我不吃。</para></listitem><listitem><para>我说中文不好学, 可是她一定要学。学就学吧。你看, 周末大家都去玩儿, 可是她还要去语言实验室听录音。</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Zhāng lăoshī míngtiān qù Niŭyuē. Tā shuō tā bù gēn wŏmen yìqĭ qù diào yú？Bú qù jiù bú qù Wŏmen zìjĭ qù.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏ juéde kāi chē fāngbiàn, kĕ shì tā shuō zuò huŏchē hăo. Zuò huŏchē jiù zuò huŏchē ba. Wŏ tīng tā de.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Chī Zhōngguó fàn hē Zhōngguó jiŭ, zhè bú hĕn hăo ma？Kĕshì, tā yào wŏ zuò Mĕiguó fàn. Zuò Mĕiguó fàn jiù zuò Mĕiguó fàn ba, fănzhèng wŏ bù chī.</para></listitem><listitem><para>Wŏ shuō Zhōngwén bù hăo xué, kĕshì tā yídìng yào xué. Xué jiù xué ba. Nĭ kàn, Zhōumò dàjiā dōu qù wánr, kĕshì tā hái yào qù yŭyán shìyànshì tīng lùyīn.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>Teacher Zhang goes to New York tomorrow. He says he won’t go fishing with us. If that’s what he wants, then it’s fine. We’ll go by ourselves.</para></listitem><listitem><para>I think driving is convenient, but she said it’d be nice to go by train. If that’s what she wants, then I’ll do it. She is the boss ( I listen to her). </para></listitem><listitem><para>Eating Chinese food and drinking Chinese wine, isn’t that fun？But he asks me to cook American food. If that’s what he wants I’ll do it, anyway, I’m not going to eat.</para></listitem><listitem><para>I said that it won’t be easy to learn Chinese, but, she made up her mind (definitely want to) learn. See, at weekend everyone go out to have fun, and she has to go to the language lab to listen to the tapes.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/><para/></sect3></sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77337_1993127563"/>Lesson 25</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77339_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77341_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>I didn’t expect that you swim so well</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Xueyou: Dawei, (I) did not expect that you swim so well.</para>
- <para>Renmei: His dad is the swimming coach of the university. “The master of fame will produce excellent disciple”, which is not unusual.</para>
- <para>Dawei: How come not unusual?! Dad is dad, (and) son is son.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Isn’t your dad a coach?</para>
- <para>Dawei: My dad is the coach of the university team, (but) our family coach is my mom. Mom is very strict, (and her) teaching is also very earnest (she teaches very earnestly), so, the kids in my family are all skilled swimmers.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Really, Next time when I bump into your mom, (I) will definitely ask her for advice.</para>
- <para>Dawei: You are a good swimmer (you swim not bad).</para>
- <para>Renmei: Thank you.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: She swims too slow.</para>
- <para>Dawei: Really？I will take a look.</para>
- <para>Renmei: That’s right. I teach you Chinese, (and) you got to teach me swimming.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Dawei, tell you the truth, recently, your Chinese is quite fluent (you speak Chinese fluently).</para>
- <para>Dawei: “The master of fame will produce excellent disciple”. Renmei is a good teacher (Renmei teaches well).</para>
- <para>Renmei: Thanks, (and) you are a hard-working students (you study diligently); (you) get up so early everyday, (and) go to bed so late; all days long if you’re not memorizing the new vocabularies, (you) are listening to the tapes. No wonder you are making a great progress ( you progress fast). Yes, are you hungry？There is something to eat here. Look, cheese, ham, bread; whatever you want, it is here. </para>
- <para>Dawei What is this?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: This is the Chinese dimsum my mom made.</para>
- <para>Dawei: Dilicious.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Have some more, (if) you like it.</para>
- <para>Dawei: Thanks, I’ve had a lot. I want to have some water.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: The water is in the car. Can you go and get it？Bring me a bottle of mineral water, OK?</para>
- <para>Dawei: OK. Where did you park your car ?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: By the river which is in the front.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77343_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>初级第二十五课: 对话 没想到, 你游泳游得这么好</para>
- <para/>
- <para>学友 : 大为, 没想到你游泳游得 这么好。</para>
- <para>人美 : 他爸爸是大学的游泳教练。 "名师出高徒", 这不奇怪。</para>
- <para>大为 : 怎么不奇怪？爸爸是爸爸, 儿子是儿子。</para>
- <para>学友 : 你爸爸不是你的教练吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 我爸爸是大学队的教练, 我们家的教练是我的妈妈。我妈妈很严格, 教得也 很认真, 所以, 我们家几个兄弟姐妹都是游泳好手。</para>
- <para>人美 : 是吗？下次我踫见你妈的时候, 一定请她指点指点。</para>
- <para>大为 : 你游得不错嘛。</para>
- <para>人美 : 哪里。</para>
- <para>学友 : 她游得太慢了。</para>
- <para>大为 : 真的吗？让我看看。</para>
- <para>人美 : 对嘛, 我教你汉语, 你也得教教我游泳。</para>
- <para>学友 : 大为, 说真的, 最近你中文说得很流利。</para>
- <para>大为 : "名师出高徒", 人美教得好嘛。</para>
- <para>人美 : 哪里, 你学得努力。天天起得那么早, 睡得那么晚；整天不是念生词, 就 是听录音, 当然进步得很快。对了, 你们饿吗？这儿有吃的。你看, 奶酪? 火腿, 面包, 应有尽有。</para>
- <para>大为 : 这是什么？</para>
- <para>学友 : 这是我妈妈作的中国点心。</para>
- <para>大为 : 真好吃。</para>
- <para>学友 : 喜欢吃, 就再吃点儿吧。</para>
- <para>大为 : 谢谢, 我吃得不少了。想喝点儿水。</para>
- <para>学友 : 水在车上。你去拿吧。请帮我拿一瓶矿泉水, 好吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 行。你的车停在哪儿？</para>
- <para>学友 : 前边的河边。</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77345_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>沒想到, 你游泳游得這麼好</para>
- <para/>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 大為, 沒想到你游泳游得 這麼好。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 他爸爸是大學的游泳教練。 "名師出高徒", 這不奇怪。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 怎麼不奇怪？爸爸是爸爸, 兒子是兒子。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 你爸爸不是你的教練嗎？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 我爸爸是大學隊的教練, 我們家的教練是我的媽媽。我媽媽很嚴格, 教得也 很認真, 所以, 我們家幾個兄弟姐妹都是游泳好手。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 是嗎？下次我踫見你媽的時候, 一定請她指點指點。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 你游得不錯嘛。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 哪裡。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 她游得太慢了。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 真的嗎？讓我看看。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 對嘛, 我教你漢語, 你也得教教我游泳。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 大為, 說真的, 最近你中文說得很流利。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ "名師出高徒", 人美教得好嘛。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 哪裡, 你學得努力。天天起得那麼早, 睡得那麼晚；整天不是念生詞, 就 是聽錄音, 當然進步得很快。對了, 你們餓嗎？這兒有吃的。你看, 奶酪? 火腿, 麵包, 應有盡有。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 這是什麼？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 這是我媽媽作的中國點心。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 真好吃。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 喜歡吃, 就再吃點兒吧。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 謝謝, 我吃得不少了。想喝點兒水。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 水在車上。你去拿吧。請幫我拿一瓶礦泉水, 好嗎？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 行。你的車停在哪兒？</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 前邊的河邊。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77347_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Méi Xiăngdào, Nĭ Yóuyŏng Yóu de Zhème Hăo </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Dàwéi, méi xiăngdào nĭ yóuyŏng yóu de zhème hăo.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Tā bàba shì dàxué duì de jiàoliàn. "Míng shī chū gāotú", zhè bù qíguài.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Zĕnme bù qíguài？Bàba shì bàba, érzi shì érzi.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Nĭ bàba búshì nĭde jiàoliàn ma?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Wŏ bàba shì dàxué duì de jiàoliàn. Wŏmen jiā de jiàoliàn shì wŏ māma. Wŏ māma hĕn yángé jiāo de yĕ hĕn rènzhēn, suŏyĭ wŏmen jiā de jĭgè xiōngdìjiĕmèi dōushì yóuyŏng hăoshŏu.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Shì ma？Xiàcì wŏ pèngjiàn nĭ māma de shíhòu, yídìng qĭng tā zhĭdiăn zhĭdiăn.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nĭ yóu de búcuò ma?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Nălĭ.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Tā yóu de tài màn le.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Zhēnde ma？Ràng wŏ kànkan.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Duì ma, wŏ jiāo nĭ Hànyŭ nĭ yĕ dĕi jiāo wŏ yóuyŏng.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Dàwéi, shuō zhēnde, zuìjìn nĭ Zhōngwén shuō de hĕn liúlì.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: "Míngshī chū gāotú", Rénmĕi jiāo de hăo ma.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Nălĭ, nĭ xué de nŭlì. Tiāntian qĭ de nàme zăo, shuì de nàme wăn; zhĕngtiān búshì niàn shēngcí jiùshì tīng lùyīn, dāngrán jìnbù de hĕn kuài. Duìle, nĭmen è ma？Zhèr yŏu chīde, nĭ kàn, năilào, huŏtuĭ miànbāo, yīngyŏu jìnyŏu.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Zhè shì shénme?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Zhè shì wŏ māma zuò de Zhōngguó diănxīn.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Zhēn hăo chī.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Xĭhuān chī jiù zài chī diănr ba.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Xièxie, wŏ chī de bù shăo le. Xiăng hē diănr shuĭ.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Shuĭ zài chē shàng. Nĭ qù ná ba. Qĭng bāng wŏ ná yì píng kuàngquán shuĭ hăo ma?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Xíng. Nĭ de chē tíng zài năr?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Qián biān de hé biān.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77349_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77351_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>David learned swimming from his mom</para>
- <para>Both David’s parents are swimming coaches. David has studied swimming with his mom since his young age. Mom is an earnest coach and David is a diligent learner, that’s why he swims very well. Now, he is Renmei Ding’s swimming coach. Everyday afternoon both David and Ding will go to the gyms next to the students’ center to swim. </para>
- <para>This afternoon when Ding arrived at the gyms, David was weight-lifting. Ding was embarrassed. She said: “Sorry. Today the teacher let us out late, so I'm... really embarrassed.” </para>
- <para>“It’s alright. See, I don’t lack of things to do here.” </para>
- <para>“You’re very nice. Nice personality, and a very nice swimming coach. Yesterday I told Xueyou that a nice coach like you is Bi l tio y” </para>
- <para>“Biltioy？Renmei, what is Biltioy？I don’t understand.” </para>
- <para>“Biltioy is an idiom. The Chinese meaning is ‘There is only one in the hundred’”.</para>
- <para>“Then, it corresponds to English saying ‘one out of the hundred’. Right?” </para>
- <para>“Exactly.” </para>
- <para>“Me, a swimming coach out of hundred？I’m humbled. I’m humbled.”</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77353_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>大为从小跟妈妈学游泳</para>
- <para/>
- <para>大为的爸爸妈妈都是游泳教练。大为从小跟妈妈学游泳。妈妈教得认真, 大为学得努力, 所以他游泳游得非常好。</para>
- <para>现在他是丁人美的游泳教练。每天下午大为和小丁都要去学生中心旁边的那个健身房游泳。今天下午小丁到健身房的时候, 大为正在举重。小丁很不好意思。她说："真对不起。今天老师下课下得晚, 所以我....真不好意思。" </para>
- <para>"没关系, 你看, 我在这儿也不缺事儿作。" </para>
- <para>"你真好, 人好, 教游泳也教得很好。昨天我还跟学友说像你这样的好教练 </para>
- <para>真是百里挑一。" </para>
- <para>"'百里挑一'？人美, 什麽是'百里挑一'？我不懂。" </para>
- <para>"'百里挑一'是成语, 中文意思是'一百个里就这麽一个'。"</para>
- <para>"那, 英文意思就是'one out of a hundred', 对不对？" </para>
- <para>"对。"</para>
- <para>"我, 百里挑一的游泳教练？不敢当, 不敢当。" </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77355_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>大為從小跟媽媽學游泳</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>大為的爸爸媽媽都是游泳教練。大為從小跟媽媽學游泳。媽媽教得認真, 大為學得努力, 所以他游泳游得非常好。</para>
- <para>現在他是丁人美的游泳教練。每天下午大為和小丁都要去學生中心旁邊的那個健身房游泳。今天下午小丁到健身房的時候, 大為正在舉重。小丁很不好意思。她說﹕"真對不起。今天老師下課下得晚, 所以我....真不好意思。" </para>
- <para>"沒關係, 你看, 我在這兒也不缺事兒作。" </para>
- <para>"你真好, 人好, 教游泳也教得很好。昨天我還跟學友說像你這樣的好教練 真是百裡挑一。" </para>
- <para>"'百裡挑一'？人美, 什麼是'百裡挑一'？我不懂。" </para>
- <para>"'百裡挑一'是成語, 中文意思是'一百個裡就這麼一個'。"</para>
- <para>"那, 英文意思就是'one out of a hundred', 對不對？" </para>
- <para>"對。"</para>
- <para>"我, 百裡挑一的游泳教練？不敢當, 不敢當。" </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77357_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Dàwéi cóng xiăo gēn māma xué yóuyŏng</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dàwéi de bàba māma dōushì yóuyŏng jiàoliàn. Dàwéi cóng xiăo gēn māma xué yóuyŏng. Māma jiāo de rènzhēn, Dàwéi xué de nŭlì, suŏyĭ tā yóuyŏng yóu de fēicháng hăo.</para>
- <para>Xiànzài tā shì Dīng Rénmĕi de yóuyŏng jiàoliàn. Mĕitiān xiàwŭ Dàwéi hé Xiăo Dīng dōu qù xuéshēng zhōngxīn pángbiān de nà gè jiànshēnfáng yóuyŏng. Jīntiān xiàwŭ Xiăo Dīng dào jiànshēn fáng de shíhòu, Dàwéi zhèngzài jŭ zhòng. Xiăo Dīng hĕn bù hăo yìsi. Tā shuō "zhēn duìbùqĭ Jīntiān lăoshī xià kè xià de wăn, suŏyĭ wŏ zhēn bù hăo yìsi." </para>
- <para>"Méi guānxì, nĭ kàn, wŏ zài zhèr yĕ bù quē shìr zuò." </para>
- <para/>
- <para>"Nĭ zhēn hăo. Rén hăo, jiāo yóuyŏng yĕ jiāo de hĕn hăo. Zuótiān wŏ hái gēn xuéyŏu shuō xiàng nĭ zhèyàng de hăo jiàoliàn zhēnshì băilĭtiāoyī." </para>
- <para> " Băilĭtiāoyī？Rénmĕi, shénme shì 'băilĭtiāoyī'？Wŏ bù dŏng." </para>
- <para> " Băilĭtiāoyī shì chéngyŭ, Zhōngwén yìsi shì 'yì băi gè lĭ jiù zhème yígè'." </para>
- <para> "Nà, Yīng wén yìsi jiùshì 'One out of a hundred', duì bú duì?" "Duì." "Wŏ？Băilĭtiāoyī de yóuyŏng jiào liàn？Bù găndāng, bù găndāng."</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77359_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>教练</para></entry><entry><para>jiàoliàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>coach</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>队</para></entry><entry><para>duì</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para> team</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>兄弟姐妹</para></entry><entry><para>xiōngdì jiĕmèi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>siblings</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>奶酪</para></entry><entry><para>năilào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>cheese</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>火腿</para></entry><entry><para>huŏtuĭ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>ham</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>面包</para></entry><entry><para>miànbāo</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>bread</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>矿泉水</para></entry><entry><para>kuàngquán shuĭ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>mineral water</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>河</para></entry><entry><para>hé</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>river</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>成语</para></entry><entry><para>chéngyŭ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>idiom, sayings</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>奇怪</para></entry><entry><para>qíguài</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>strange, unusual</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>严格</para></entry><entry><para>yángé</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>strict</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>流利</para></entry><entry><para>liúli</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>fluent</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>早</para></entry><entry><para>zăo</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>early</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>晚</para></entry><entry><para>wăn</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>late</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>快</para></entry><entry><para>kuài</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>fast, quick</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>慢</para></entry><entry><para>màn</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>slow</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>饿</para></entry><entry><para>è</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>hungry</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>认真</para></entry><entry><para>rènzhēn</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>serious, earnest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>努力</para></entry><entry><para>nŭlì</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>diligent</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>游</para></entry><entry><para>yóu</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to swim</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>游泳</para></entry><entry><para>yóuyŏng</para></entry><entry><para>v.o.</para></entry><entry><para>to swim</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>指点</para></entry><entry><para>zhĭdiăn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to advise</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>停</para></entry><entry><para>tìng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to stop, to park</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>名师出高徒</para></entry><entry><para>Mìngshī chū gāotú </para></entry><entry><para>idiom</para></entry><entry><para>a master of fame will produce excellent disciples</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>百里挑一</para></entry><entry><para>Băilĭ tiāoyī</para></entry><entry><para>idiom</para></entry><entry><para>one out of a hundred</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>没想到</para></entry><entry><para>méi xiăng dào</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>did not expect</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>哪里</para></entry><entry><para>nălĭ</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>an answer to other’s compliment</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不敢当</para></entry><entry><para>bù găn dāng</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>an answer to other’s compliment</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77361_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77363_1993127563"/>The complement of degree:</title>
- <para/>
- <para>(1) Adjective or an adjective phrase as the complement of degree :</para>
- <para>An adjective or an adjective phrase which follows the verb to express the degree of the action is known as THE COMPLEMENT OF DEGREE. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>她唱得好。</para></entry><entry><para>She sings well.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他来得真早。</para></entry><entry><para>He came really early</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他们吃得不多。</para></entry><entry><para>They did not eat much.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你睡得早吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Do you go to bed early?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她妹妹玩得高兴不高兴？</para></entry><entry><para>Did her sister play happily (did her sister have fun playing)?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她写得怎麽样？</para></entry><entry><para>How well does she write?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that：</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>The verb and adjective or an adjective phrase which function as the complement of degree must always be joined by the structural particle 得 .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The negation is formed by inserting 不 between structural 得 and the adjective complement.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>To form a simple question, a question particle such 吗, 吧 can be added to the end of the statement.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>An affirmative/negative question is formed in the complement section.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>To question the complement of degree, the question pronoun 怎麽样is used.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Summary: </para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="7"><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>verb</para></entry><entry><para>structural particle</para></entry><entry><para>negation</para></entry><entry><para>Adjective </para><para>Adj. phrase </para><para>Ques. Part.</para></entry><entry><para>Question Particle</para></entry><entry><para>English translation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她</para></entry><entry><para>想</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>太多了</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>She thinks too much.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我</para></entry><entry><para>说</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>不</para></entry><entry><para>清楚</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>I did not speak clearly.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你妈妈</para></entry><entry><para>买</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>多</para></entry><entry><para>吗</para></entry><entry><para>Did your Mom buy a lot?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你弟弟</para></entry><entry><para>学</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>怎么样</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>How well does your younger brother learn?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>(2) When the verb has both an object and a complement of degree in a sentence, either the verb should be repeated or the object should be preposed. For example:</para>
- <para>b) The verb is repeated:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>她游泳游得很快。</para></entry><entry><para>She swims very fast.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我开车开得很慢。</para></entry><entry><para>I drive very slow.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她吃饭吃得多吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Does she eat a lot of rice (does she eat rice a lot)?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你的朋友说汉语说得怎麽样？ </para></entry><entry><para>How well does your friend speak Chinese?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Summary:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>Object</para></entry><entry><para>Repeated verb</para></entry><entry><para>Structural Particle</para></entry><entry><para>The complement of Degree</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你妈妈</para></entry><entry><para>作</para></entry><entry><para>点心</para></entry><entry><para>作</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>非常好</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你</para></entry><entry><para>看</para></entry><entry><para>书</para></entry><entry><para>看</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>快不快</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她</para></entry><entry><para>回答</para></entry><entry><para>问题</para></entry><entry><para>回答</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>怎么样</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>b) The object is preposed:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>这个问题他回答得很好。</para></entry><entry><para>He answered this question perfectly.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他电影看得很多。</para></entry><entry><para>He sees a lot of movies (she sees movies a lot).</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>这件事儿我们谈得很多。</para></entry><entry><para>We talked about this matter a lot.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that the position of the object can be before or after the subject.</para>
- <para>Summary:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="5"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Object</para></entry><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Object</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>Structural Particle</para></entry><entry><para>Complement of degree</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>法文</para></entry><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>说</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>不错</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>她</para></entry><entry><para>酒</para></entry><entry><para>喝</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>多不多</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>房间</para></entry><entry><para>她</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>整理</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>很乾净</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para>报告</para></entry><entry><para>昨</para></entry><entry><para>得</para></entry><entry><para>怎么样</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77365_1993127563"/>2.The pattern 不是....吗?</title>
- <para>The pattern 不是....吗？can be used to expressed emphasis. This pattern is employed when one feels something is not in keeping with what is believed, and wants to express his doubt. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>他不是你哥哥吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Isn’t he your older brother?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>床上的那本书不是你的吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Isn’t that book on the bed yours?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你不是认识她吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Don’t you recognize her?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你妈妈不是明天来吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Won’t your Mom come tomorrow?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that in the examples, the emphasized parts are highlighted, which could a noun, a noun phrase, a verb or a time word, etc.. No matter what it is, 不是 must be place right before the emphasized element, and 吗 always appears at the end of the sentence. </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77367_1993127563"/>3. The pattern 再 V.(一)点儿(O.):</title>
- <para>The pattern 再 V.(一)点儿(object) means “ do some more (of) something”. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>请再喝点儿矿泉水。</para></entry><entry><para>Please drink some more mineral water. </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们再看点儿电视吧。</para></entry><entry><para>Let’s watch some more TV.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>再吃点儿饭, 好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Eat some more food, OK?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他们想再听点儿音乐。</para></entry><entry><para>They want to listen to some more music.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>(一)点儿 in this pattern can be substituted by 几 + measure word. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>请再写几个字吧。</para></entry><entry><para>Please write a few more words.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们 再买几张纸吧。</para></entry><entry><para>Let’s buy a few more pieces of paper.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para>4. The correlative adverb (要是)...就...:</para>
- <para>The correlative adverb (要是)...就...introduces a complex sentence of supposative relation. The subordinate clause introduced by 要是 puts forward an assumption, while the main clause signified by 就 states the results or inference drawn for the assumption. The English equivalent of the correlative adverb (要是)...就...is “if...then”. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>要是你想去, 我就跟你一起去。</para></entry><entry><para>If you want to go, (then) I will go with you.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>要是她喜欢吃, 我就买。</para></entry><entry><para>If she likes to eat (it), (then) I’d buy (it).</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你要是喜欢她, 就告诉她吧。</para></entry><entry><para>If you like her, then tell her.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你想家, 就给爸爸妈妈 打个电话吧。</para></entry><entry><para>If you are home-sick, then give Mom and Dad a call.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>In the subordinate clause, the subject can go before or after 要是 . But the subject in the main clause can only appear BEFORE 就 .</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>If the subjects in both clauses are the same, then one of them can be omitted.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Sometimes, the correlative adverb 要是 in the subordinate clause can be omitted.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77369_1993127563"/>5. 在 + O. as prepositional phrase VS. 在 + O. verb complements:</title>
- <para>We are quite familiar with 在 + O.as preposition phrase, which gives setting for main action. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="3"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><tbody><row><entry><para>他 </para></entry><entry><para>在图书馆 </para></entry><entry><para>看 </para></entry><entry><para>书。</para></entry><entry><para>He reads in the library.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Subj. </para></entry><entry><para>Prep. phr. </para></entry><entry><para>V.</para></entry><entry><para>O.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>小丁 </para></entry><entry><para>在家</para></entry><entry><para>写 </para></entry><entry><para>报告。</para></entry><entry><para>Ding writes a report at home.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Subj. </para></entry><entry><para>Prep. phr. </para></entry><entry><para>V.</para></entry><entry><para>O.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>From the above examples we can see that information as to where an action takes place is provided by the prepositional phrase 在 + O.which appears BEFORE the verb. But we also came across the following sentences:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>我的车</para></entry><entry><para>停</para></entry><entry><para>在河边。</para></entry><entry><para>My car parks by the river.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Subj. </para></entry><entry><para>V.</para></entry><entry><para>Complement</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para>住</para></entry><entry><para>在那间小卧室里。</para></entry><entry><para>He lives in that small bedroom.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Subj. </para></entry><entry><para>V.</para></entry><entry><para>Complement</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>In these two examples, 在 + O. phrase is places AFTER the verb as a complement, which signifies where someone or something comes to rest as a result of the action. Most of the verbs in Chinese such as 学习, 工作, 锻炼 , 访问 etc. can only take 在 + O.as a prepositional phrase, for the actions they expressed are not concerned with a terminal point. There are a small number of verbs, such as 住, , 坐, 站, 走, 停, etc., can have 在 + O.BEFORE or AFTER the verb without any substantial difference in meaning. But that’s not the case with some verbs. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>他在桌上写。</para></entry><entry><para>He writes by the table.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他写在桌上。</para></entry><entry><para>He writes onto the table.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>你在哪儿录第十六课？</para></entry><entry><para>Where (in what place) did you make the recording of Lesson 16?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>第十六课, 你录在哪儿呢</para></entry><entry><para>Where (on which tape) did you record Lesson 16?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77371_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77373_1993127563"/>1.The complement of degree:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1。今天你怎麽来得这麽早？我妈今天从台湾来。我得去接她。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>2。你妹妹吃饭吃得慢吗？为什麽？因为她作事作得很慢, 所以我想知道她吃饭吃得慢不慢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>3。这两天晚上你睡得怎么样？大夫, 我睡得很好。今天几点起床？十点。昨天晚上几点睡觉？十点。你睡得太多了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>4。昨天我们请从北京来的那个留学生给我们介绍北京。他说得怎麽样？不错。他英文说得很流利, 介绍北京介绍得很清楚。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>5。她一个人在那儿玩什麽玩得那麽高兴？玩电脑。玩电脑?她几岁了。五岁。五岁的孩子玩电脑玩得那麽好, 真有意思。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>6。中国菜你作得怎麽样？我作得不怎么样。我先生作得好。那麽, 你们家谁作饭呢？谁下课下得早谁作。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1.Jīntiān nĭ zĕnme lái de zhème zăo？Wŏ mā jīntiān cóng Táiwān lái. Wŏ dĕi qù jiē tā.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>2.Nĭ mèimei chī fàn chī de màn ma？Wèishénme？Yīnwèi tā zuò shìr zuò de hĕn màn, suŏyĭ wŏ xiăng zhīdao tā chī fàn chī de màn bú màn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>3.Zhè liăng tiān wănshàng nĭ shuì de zĕnmeyàng？Dàifu, wŏ shuì de hĕn hăo. Jīntiān jĭ diăn qĭ chuáng？Shì diăn. Zuótiān wănshàng jĭ diăn shuìjiào？Shì diăn. Nĭ shuì de tài duō le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>4.Zuótiān wŏmen qĭng cóng Bĕijīng lái de nà ge liú xuésheng gĕi wŏmen jièshào Bĕijīng. Tā shuō de zĕnmeyàng？Bú cuò. Tā Yīngwén shuō de hĕn liúli, jièshào Bĕijīng jièshào de hĕn qīngchŭ. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>5.Tā yí ge rén zài nàr wán shénme wán de nàme gāoxìng？Wán diànnăo. Wán diànnăo？Tā jĭ suì le？Wŭ suì. Wŭ suì de háizi wán diànnăo wán de nàme hăo, zhēn yŏu yìsi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>6.Zhōngguó cài nĭ zuò de zĕnmeyàng？Wŏ zuò de bù zĕnmenyàng. Wŏ xiānsheng zuò de hăo. Nàme, nĭmen jiā shéi zuò fàn ne？Shéi xià kè xià de zăo shéi zuò. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>1.Why did you come so early today？My Mom comes from Taiwan today. I have to go and pick her up.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>2.Is your younger sister a slow eater (does your younger eat slow)？Why？Because she is slow in doing things (she does things slow), (so) I want to know whether she eats slow.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>3.How well have you been sleeping these two days？Doctor, I’ve been sleeping well. When did you get up today？ Ten. When did you go to bed yesterday？Ten. You sleep too much.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>4.Yesterday we invited the exchange-student from Beijing to give us a talk about Being. How well did he do？Not bad. His English was very fluent (he spoke English very fluently), (and he) gave a very comprehensive introduction of Beijing (he introduced Beijing clearly).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>5.What is she playing with so enthusiastically (happily) all by herself over there？Playing with a computer. Playing with a computer？How old is she？Five. A five years old child is so good at computers ( a five years old child play with a computer so well. (It)’s very interesting.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>6.How well do you make a Chinese dish ( how good are you at making a Chinese dish)？I’m not good at it ( I don’t make it well). My husband makes good Chinese dishes (my husband makes Chinese dishes well). Then, who cooks in your family？Who gets off early from class, who cooks.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77375_1993127563"/>2.The Pattern 不是...吗？for emphasis: </title>
- <para/>
- <para>1。你不是要去纽约接你妈妈吗？怎麽还在这儿？你知道我车开得不好。所以我跟我弟弟一起去。</para>
- <para>我在等他。</para>
- <para>2。这两张地图不是一样吗？谁说一样？一张大, 一张小。那麽, 哪张是现在的中国呢？</para>
- <para>3。这是什麽？这是我昨天买的新牛仔裤。你不是不穿牛仔裤吗？</para>
- <para>4。妈妈, 我想买几张音乐光碟。你不是有不少光碟嘛？我的那些光碟都太旧了。我想买些新的。</para>
- <para>5。你看, 这些汉字写得怎么样？真不错。是我的室友写的。她不是日本人吗？</para>
- <para>6。这是我的宿舍。我住307号。有空来玩吧。你不是住在你姐姐的家吗？姐姐家离学院太远了。</para>
- <para>不方便。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Nĭ bú shì yào qù Niŭyuē jiē nĭ māma ma？Zĕnme hái zài zhèr？Nĭ zhīdao wŏ chē kāi de bù hăo. Suŏyi wŏ gēn wŏ dìdi yìqĭ qù. Wŏ zài dĕng tā.</para>
- <para>2.Zhè liăng zhāng dìtú bú shì yìyàng ma？Shéi shuō yìyàng？Yì zhāng dà, yìzhāng xiăo. Nàme, nă </para>
- <para> zhāng shì xiànzài de Zhōngguó ne?</para>
- <para>3.Zhè shì shénme？Zhè shì wŏ zuótiān măi de niúzăi kù. Nĭ bú shì bù chuān niúzăi kù ma?</para>
- <para>4.Māma, wŏ xiăng măi jĭ zhāng yīnyuè guāngdié. Nĭ bú shì yŏu bù shăo guāngdié ma？Wŏ de</para>
- <para> nà xiē guāngdié dōu tài jiù le. Wŏ xiăng măi xiē xīn de.</para>
- <para>5.Nĭ kàn, zhè xiē Hànzì xiĕ de zĕnmeyàng？Zhēn búcuò. Zhè shì wŏ de shìyŏu xiĕ de. Tā bú shì Rìbĕn rén ma?</para>
- <para>6.Zhè shì wŏ de sùshè. Wŏ zhù 307 hào. Yŏu kòng lái wánr ba. Nĭ bú shì zhù zài nĭ jiĕjie jiā ma？Jiĕjie jiā lì xuéyuàn tài yuăn le.</para>
- <para> Bù fāngbiàn. </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Isn’t it true that you will go to New York to pick up your Mom？Why are (you) still here？You know that I’m </para>
- <para> not a good driver (I don’t drive well). So I will go with my younger brother. I’m waiting for him.</para>
- <para>2.Aren’t these two maps the same？Who say (that they are) the same？One is big (and) the other is small.</para>
- <para> Then, which one is the current China？</para>
- <para>3.What is this？This is the new pair of jeans I bought yesterday. Isn’t it true that you don’t wear jeans?</para>
- <para>4.Mom, I want to buy some music CD. Don’t you have a lot of CD？Those of mine are too old. I want to buy some new ones.</para>
- <para>5.Look, how well are these Chinese characters written？Really not bad.( They) are written by my roommate. </para>
- <para> Isn’t she Japanese?</para>
- <para>6.This is my dorm. I live in #307. Come and visit when (you) have time. Isn’t it true that you live in your</para>
- <para> sister’s house？My sister’s house is too far from the college. (It) is not convenient.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77377_1993127563"/>3.The pattern 再 V. (一)点儿 (O.):</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1。这儿的中国花茶真不错。我想再买点儿。</para>
- <para>2。我想再吃点儿你妈妈作的点心, 好吗？当然好啦。喜欢吃, 请吧。</para>
- <para>3。我们的客厅缺什麽？我不知道。我说缺椅子。那儿不是有椅子吗？我想再买几张。</para>
- <para>4。再喝点儿酒, 怎么样 ？你有什麽好酒呢？</para>
- <para>5。你看, 她汉字写得真漂亮。请她再给我们写几个字吧。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Zhèr de huā chá zhēn búcuò. Wŏ xiăng zài măi diănr.</para>
- <para>2.Wŏ xiăng zài chī diănr nĭ māma zuò de diănxin, hăo ma？Dāngrán hăo la. Xĭhuan chī, qĭng ba.</para>
- <para>3.Wŏmen de kètīng quē shénme？Wŏ bù zhīdao. Wŏ shuō quē yĭzi. Wŏmen nàr bú shì</para>
- <para> yŏu yĭzi ma？Wŏ xiăng zài măi jĭ zhāng.</para>
- <para>4.Zài hē diănr jiŭ, zĕnmeyàng？Nĭ yŏu shénme hăo jiŭ ma?</para>
- <para>5.Nĭ kàn, tā Hànzì xiĕ de duō piàoliang. Qĭng tā zài gĕi wŏmen xiĕ jĭ ge zì ba.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1.The Chinese Jasmine tea here is really not bad. I want to buy some more.</para>
- <para>2.Can I have some more of the pastry your Mom made？Sure. Please help yourself, if you like it.</para>
- <para>3.What does our living-room lack of ？ I don’t know. I think (it) lack of chairs. Aren’t there chairs there?</para>
- <para> I want to buy a few more.</para>
- <para>4.Have some more wine, OK？What kind of good wine do you have?</para>
- <para>5.Look, the characters she wrote are really beautifully ( she wrote the characters really beautifully). </para>
- <para> Ask her to write a few more for us.</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77379_1993127563"/>4. The correlative adverb 要是...就...：</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.妈妈, 我听说中国成语又有意思又有用, 对吗？对。要是你想学, 我就给你买一本 《 中国成语 </para>
- <para> 介绍》。</para>
- <para>2.我们明天一定得去纽约吗？谁说一定得去？要是你不想去, 就在家看书吧。</para>
- <para>3.这儿的咖啡真不错。要是你喜欢, 以後我们就天天来这儿喝咖啡。天天来？喝那麽多的咖啡, </para>
- <para> 好吗？</para>
- <para>4.这个周末去郊外, 你说我们带点儿什麽？要是你想带你就带吧。我觉得在那儿买点儿吃的更</para>
- <para> 方便。</para>
- <para>5.昨天张老师作的那个报告怎麽样？哪个报告？那个关於日本经济的报告。我觉得非常不错。</para>
- <para> 要是你觉得不错, 那一定不错。我也想请他给我们班的学生说一说。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Māma, wŏ tīngshuō Zhōngguó chéngyŭ yòu yŏu yìsi yòu yŏuyòng, duì ma？Duì. Yào shì nĭ xiăng</para>
- <para> xué, wŏ jiù gĕi nĭ măi yì bĕn 《Zhōngguó Chéngyŭ jièshào 》.</para>
- <para>2.Wŏmen míngtiān yídìng dĕi qù Niŭyuē ma？Shuì shuō yídìng dĕi qù？Yào shì nĭ bù xiăng qù, </para>
- <para> jiù zài jiā kàn shū ba.</para>
- <para>3.Zhèr de kāfēi zhēn búcuò. Yào shì nĭ xĭhuan, yĭhòu wŏmen jiù tiāntian lái zhèr hē kāfēi. </para>
- <para> Tiāntian lái？Hē nàme duō de kāfēi, hăo ma?</para>
- <para>4.Zhè ge zhōumò qù jiāowài, nĭ shuō wŏmen dài diănr shénme？Yào shì nĭ xiăng dài, nĭ jiù dài ba. </para>
- <para> Wŏ juéde zài nàr măi diănr chī de gèng fāngbiàn. </para>
- <para>5.Zuótiān Zhāng lăoshī zuò de nà ge bàogào zĕnmeyàng？Nă ge bàogào？Nà ge guānyú Rìbĕn</para>
- <para> jīngjì de bàogào. Wŏ juéde fēicháng búcuò. Yào shì nĭ juéde búcuò, nà yídìng búcuò. Wŏ yě </para>
- <para> xiăng qĭng tā gĕi wŏmen bān de xuésheng shuō yì shuō. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Mom, I heard that The Chinese proverbs are both interesting and useful, (Isn’t it) right？Yes. If you want </para>
- <para> to learn, I will buy you a copy of 《 Introduction to the Chinese Proverbs 》.</para>
- <para>2.Do we have to go to New York tomorrow？Who say (we) have to go to？If you don’t want to go, (you)</para>
- <para> can read at home.</para>
- <para>3.The coffee here is not bad. If you like (it), in the future we can come here everyday to have coffee. Come </para>
- <para> everyday？Is it good to drink that much coffee?</para>
- <para>4.This weekend (we) will go to the suburbs. What do you think we shall bring？If you want to bring</para>
- <para> (something), you can (bring). I think it’s more convenient to buy food there.</para>
- <para>5.How is the report given by Teacher Zhang yesterday？Which report？The report about the Economics </para>
- <para> in Japan. I think it’s great. If you think it’s good, then, (it) must be good. I also want to invite him to </para>
- <para> give a talk to the students in my class.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77381_1993127563"/>5.在 + O. as a verb complement:</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1。停在河边的那辆车是你的吗？不是。我的车停在学生中心的旁边。</para>
- <para>2。昨天晚上你睡在哪儿？睡在客厅的那张大桌子上。真的吗？</para>
- <para>3。坐在小丁旁边的那个男生是她的男朋友吗？小丁在哪儿？她坐在我们的前边。</para>
- <para>4。这个字你说写在哪儿？写在这儿, 写在这儿。为什麽写这儿呢？不写在这儿, 写在哪儿呢？</para>
- <para>5。走在我们後边的那个人正笑你呢。笑什麽？一边走一边吃的人很多, 这不奇怪。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Tìng zài hé biān de nà liàng chē shì nĭ de ma？Bú shì. Wŏ de chē tìng zài Xuésheng Zhōngxīn de </para>
- <para> pángbiān.</para>
- <para>2.Zuótiān wănshàng nĭ shuì zài năr？Shuì zài kètīng de nà zhāng dà zhuōzi shàng. Zhēnde ma?</para>
- <para>3.Zuò zài Xiăo Ding pángbiān de nà ge nánsheng shì tā de nán péngyou ma？Xiăo Dīng zài năr?</para>
- <para> Tā zuò zài wŏmen de qiánbiān.</para>
- <para>4.Zhè ge zì nĭ shuō xiĕ zài năr？Xiĕ zài zhèr, xiĕ zài zhèr. Wèishenme xiĕ zài zhèr ne？Bù xiĕ zài zhèr, xiĕ zài năr ne?</para>
- <para>5.Zŏu zài wŏmen hòubiān de nà ge rén zhèng xiào nĭ ne？Xiào shénme？Yì biān zŏu yì biăn chī de rén hĕn duō. Zhè bù qìguài.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>1.Is the car parked by the river yours？No. My car is parked by the students’ center.</para>
- <para>2.Where did you sleep last night？I slept on the big table in the living-room. Really?</para>
- <para>3.Is the guy who sits next to Ding her boy friend？Where is Ding？She sits in front of us.</para>
- <para>4.Where, do you think, (we) write the character？Write (it) here, write (it) here. Why do (we) write (it)</para>
- <para> here？(If we) don’t write (it) here, where do (we) write (it)？</para>
- <para>5.The guy who walk in front us is laughing at you. For what？There are plenty of people who eat while </para>
- <para> they walk. That’s not unusual. </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77383_1993127563"/>Lesson 26</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77385_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77387_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Let's take a break</para>
- <para> Dawei: Ding, take a break.</para>
- <para>Ding:But, I still don’t know how to do the butterfly.</para>
- <para>Dawei: (We) will talk about (it) in the future.</para>
- <para>Ding:OK. What time is it now?</para>
- <para>Dawei: Four fifteen. We should leave now.</para>
- <para>Ding:I’ll go to change (the clothes). Yes, can you give me a ride to the language lab?</para>
- <para>Dawei: Sure. I’ll wait for you in the parking lot.</para>
- <para>Ding:In which parking lot did you park your car？Is the one to the right of the gym?</para>
- <para>Dawei: No. Is the one on the left of the gym.</para>
- <para>Ding:Isn’t that a parking lot for teachers’？How come your car can park there?</para>
- <para>Dawei: You forgot that its is Wednesday today. On Wednesday afternoon the students’ cars Can also park there.</para>
- <para>Ding:Ha, I understand now. OK, We’ll meet later.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77389_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para/>
- <para>我们应该走了</para>
- <para> 大为 : 小丁, 休息一下儿吧。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 可是, 仰泳我还不会呢</para>
- <para>大为 : 以後再说吧。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 好吧。 现在几点了？</para>
- <para>大为 : 四点三十五了。我们应该走了。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 我去换一下衣服。对了, 你能开车送我去语言实验室吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 好。 我在停车场等你。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 你的车停在哪个车场？是健身房右边的那个车场吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 不是。是健身房左边的那个。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 那不是老师的停车场吗？你的车怎麽可以停在那儿呢？</para>
- <para>大为 : 你忘了今天是星期三。星期三下午学生的车也可以停在那儿。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 原来是这麽一回事儿。好, 我们一会儿见。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77391_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>我們應該走了</para>
- <para/>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 小丁, 休息一下兒吧。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 可是, 仰泳我還不會呢</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 以後再說吧。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 好吧。 現在幾點了？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 四點三十五了。我們應該走了。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 我去換一下衣服。對了, 你能開車送我去語言實驗室嗎？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 好。 我在停車場等你。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 你的車停在哪個車場？是健身房右邊的那個車場嗎？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 不是。是健身房左邊的那個。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 那不是老師的停車場嗎？你的車怎麼可以停在那兒呢？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 你忘了今天是星期三。星期三下午學生的車也可以停在那兒。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 原來是這麼一回事兒。好, 我們一會兒見。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77393_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Wŏmen yīnggāi zŏu le</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dàwéi: Xiăo Dīng, xiūxi yíxiàr ba.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Kĕshì yăngyŏng wŏ hái bú huì ne.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Yĭhòu zài shuō ba.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Hăo ba. Xiànzài jĭ diăn le?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Sìdiăn sānshíwŭ le. Wŏmen yīnggāi zŏu le.</para>
- <para>Xiăn Dīng: Wŏ qù huàn yíxià yīfu. Duìle, nĭ néng kāichē sòng wŏ qù yŭyán shíyànshì ma?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Xíng. Wŏ zài tíngchēchăng dĕng nĭ.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Nĭde chē tíng zài năgè chēchăng？Shì jiànshēnfánng yòubiān de nàgè chēchăng ma?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Búshì. Shì jiànshēnfáng zuŏbiānr de nàge.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Ding: Nà búshì lăoshī de tíngchē chăng ma？Nĭde chē zĕnme kĕyĭ tíng zài nàr ne?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nĭ wàngle jīntiān shì Xīngqī sān. Xīngqī sān xiàwŭ xuéshēng de chē yĕ kĕyĭ tíng zài nàr.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Yuán lái shì zhème yìhuí shìr. Hăo, wŏmen yìhuĭr jiàn.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77395_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77397_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Why do you study Chinese?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(Ten Minutes Later)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>David: What are you going to do in the lab?</para>
- <para>Ding:I want to prepare the new lesson we are going to have tomorrow.</para>
- <para>David: I’m going there too. I still don’t know the Vocabulary 词汇 for tomorrow’s ( class ). By the way, Ding, can I ask you a question?</para>
- <para>Ding:What question?</para>
- <para>David: Why do you want to study Chinese？Isn’t it because of the reason that Xueyou is a Chinese American?</para>
- <para>Ding:It is not just that (But not that alone). Tell you the truth, Since young, I has been interested in Chinese history and culture. Every time, when I went to library with my Mom, I always looked for the books and pictorials which are related to China. Now I am attending college, (and) isn’t it natural for me to take Chinese classes and study the language？</para>
- <para>David: So, what (kind of ) work do you want to do in the future？ Be an interpreter or a teacher?</para>
- <para>Ding:I don’t know that yet. It is very interesting to be an interpreter. ( It ) will deepen the understanding of the people in two countries. It is also not bad to be a teacher.</para>
- <para> “Teaching by example”, which is very meaningful.(So), being an interpreter or a teacher are the same (make no difference ).</para>
- <para>David: Then, you have to enter the graduate school.</para>
- <para>Ding:That’s for sure. I’m now busy with preparing my GRE.</para>
- <para>David: What field are you going to be in?</para>
- <para>Ding:Either History or Anthropology. I like to study Chinese history, and I also like to study Chinese culture.</para>
- <para>David: Do you like Chinese literature?</para>
- <para>Ding:I’m very interested in Chinese literature. I enjoy reading the quite a books written by the famous contemporary writers from China and Taiwan. But, I don’t want to study Chinese literature, for I’m more interested in Chinese history and culture. </para>
- <para> How about you, David？Why do you study Chinese?</para>
- <para>David: My learning Chinese is serendipitous. Foreign language is composure at college. I was not interested in European languages, therefore, I chose Chinese. Now, the more I learn, the more interested I become, and the more I learn the more I enjoy it.</para>
- <para>Ding:Also (at the same time), the more Chinese you speak the more fluent you are.</para>
- <para>David: Thank you. But, to tell the truth, it is not easy for an American to study Chinese.</para>
- <para>Ding:“There is a will there is a way.</para>
- <para>David: You are right.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77399_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>你为什麽要学中文</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(十分钟以後)</para>
- <para>大为 : 你去实验室作什麽？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 我想预习一下明天要上的新课。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 我也去那儿。明天的生词我还不会。对了, 小丁我问你一个问题, 好吗？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 什麽问题？</para>
- <para>大为 : 你为什麽要学中文呢？是不是因为学友是华裔的缘故？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 是也不是。说实在的, 我从小对中国的历史, 文化就有兴趣。每次跟妈妈去图书馆, 我总是找跟中国有关的书和画报。现在我上大学, 选中文课, 学汉语, 不是很自然吗？</para>
- <para>大为 : 那麽, 以後你想作什麽工作呢？当翻译还是当老师？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 我还不知道呢。当翻译很有意思, 可以加深两国人民的了解。当老师也不错, "为人师表"也很有意义。当老师或者当翻译都一样。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 那你一定得上研究院了。 </para>
- <para>小丁 : 那当然。我现在忙着准备研究生的考试呢。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 你想选什麽专业呢？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 不是历史学就是人类学。我喜欢研究中国历史, 我也喜欢研究中国文化。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 你喜欢中国文学吗？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 我对现代中国文学很有兴趣。几个有名的中国和台湾现代作家写的书我都爱看。可是, 我不想研究中国文学, 因为我对中国历史和文化更有兴趣。你呢？大为, 你为什麽要学中文呢？</para>
- <para>大为 : 我学中文很偶然。上大学, 外语是必修课。我对欧洲语言没有兴趣所以就学中文。现在我越学越有兴趣, 越学越爱学。 </para>
- <para>小丁 : 同时, 你的中文越说越流利。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 哪里。不过, 说实在, 美国人学中文真不容易。 </para>
- <para>小丁 : "有志者事竟成"嘛。 </para>
- <para>大为 : 你说得很对。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77401_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>你為什麼要學中文</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(十分鐘以後)</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 你去實驗室作什麼？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 我想預習一下明天要上的新課。 </para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 我也去那兒。明天的生詞我還不會。對了, 小丁我問你一個問題, 好嗎？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 什麼問題？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 你為什麼要學中文呢？是不是因為學友是華裔的緣故？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 是也不是。說實在的, 我從小對中國的歷史, 文化就有興趣。每次跟媽媽去圖書館, 我總是找跟中國有關的書和畫報。現在我上大學, 選中文課, 學漢語, 不是很自然嗎？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 那麼, 以後你想作什麼工作呢？當翻譯還是當老師？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 我還不知道呢。當翻譯很有意思, 可以加深兩國人民的了解。當老師也不錯, "為人師表"也很有意義。當老師或者當翻譯都一樣。 </para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 那你一定得上研究院了。 </para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 那當然。我現在忙著準備研究生的考試呢。 </para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 你想選什麼專業呢？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 不是歷史學就是人類學。我喜歡研究中國歷史, 我也喜歡研究中國文化。 </para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 你喜歡中國文學嗎？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 我對現代中國文學很有興趣。幾個有名的中國和台灣現代作家寫的書我都愛看。可是, 我不想研究中國文學, 因為我對中國歷史和文化更有興趣。你呢？大為, 你為什麼要學中文呢？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 我學中文很偶然。上大學, 外語是必修課。我對歐洲語言沒有興趣, 所以就學中文。現在我越學越有興趣, 越學越愛學。 </para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 同時, 你的中文越說越流利。 </para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 哪裡。不過, 說實在, 美國人學中文真不容易。 </para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ "有志者事竟成"嘛。 </para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 你說得很對。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77403_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Nĭ wèishénme xué Zhōngwén ?</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>(Shí Fēnzhōng Yĭhòu)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nĭ qù shíyànshi zuò shénme?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ xiăng yùxí yíxià míngtiān yào shàng de xīn kĭ. </para>
- <para>Dáwéi: Wŏ yĕ qù nàr. Míng tiān de shēng cí wŏ hái bú huì. Duì le, Xiăo Dīng, wŏ wèn nĭ yígè wèntí hăoma?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Shénme wèntí?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nĭ wèishénme xué Zhōngwén ne？Shì búshì yīnwèi Xuéyŏu shì Huáyì de yuángù?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Shì yĕ búshì. Shuō shízài, wŏ cóngxiăo duì Zhōngguó lìshĭ wénhuà jiù yŏu xìngqù. Mĕicì gēn māma qù túshūguăn, wŏ zŏngshì zhăo gēn Zhōngguó yŏuguān de shū hé huàbào. Xiànzài wŏ shàng dàxué, xuăn Zhōngwén kè xué Hànyŭ búshì hĕn zìrán ma?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nàme, yĭhòu nĭ xiăng zuò shénme gōngzuò ne？Dāng fānyì háishì dāng lăoshī?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ hái bù zhīdào ne. Dāng fanyì hĕn yŏu yìsi, kĕyĭ jiāshēn liăng guó rénmín de liăojiĕ. Dāng lăoshī yĕ hĕn búcuò. "Wéirénshībiăo" Yĕ hĕn yŏu yìyì. Dāng lăoshī huòzhĕ dāng fānyì dōu yíyàng.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nà nĭ yídìng dĕi shàng yánjiūyuàn.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Nà dāngrán. Wŏ xiànzài mángzhe zhèngzài zhŭnbèi yánjiūshēng de kăoshì ne.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nĭ xiăng xuăn shénme zhuānyè ne?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Búshì lìshĭ jiùshì rénlèi xué. Wŏ xĭhuān Zhōngguó lìshĭ, wŏ yĕ xĭhuān yánjiū Zhōngguó wénhuà.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nĭ xĭhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ duì Zhōngguó xiàndài wénxué hĕn yŏu xìngqù. Jĭgè yŏumíng de Zhōngguó hé Táiwān xiàndài zuòjiā xiĕ de shū wŏ dōu ài kàn. Kĕshì, wŏ bù xiăng yánjiū Zhōngguó wénxué, yīnwèi wŏ duì Zhōngguó lìshĭ hé wénhuà gèng yŏu xìngqù. Nĭ ne？Dàwéi, nĭ wèishénme Yào xué Zhōngwén ne?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Wŏ xué Zhōngwén hĕn ŏrán. Shàng dàxué, wàiyŭ shì bìxiū kè. Wŏ duì ōzhōu yŭyán méiyŏu xìngqù, suŏyĭ jiù xué Zhōngwén. Xiànzài wŏ yuè xué yuè yŏu xìngqù, yuè xué yuè ài xué.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Nĭ Zhōngwén xué de hĕn búcuò.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nălĭ. Búguò, shuō shízài, Mĕiguó rén xué Zhōngwén zhēn bù róngyì.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: "Yŏuzhìzhĕ shìjìngchéng" ma.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nĭ shuō de hĕn duì.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77405_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words </para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin </para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 研究院</para></entry><entry><para>yánjiūyuàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> graduate school</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>仰泳</para></entry><entry><para>yăngyŏng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>butterfly style</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>停车场</para></entry><entry><para>tíngchēchăng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>parking lot</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>缘故</para></entry><entry><para>yuángù</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>reason</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>翻译</para></entry><entry><para>fānyì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> translation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>考试</para></entry><entry><para>kăoshì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> quiz, exam</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>专业</para></entry><entry><para>zhuānyè</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>academic field, profession</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>人类学</para></entry><entry><para>rénlèi xué</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>anthropology</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>兴趣</para></entry><entry><para>xìngqu</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>interest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>作家</para></entry><entry><para>zuòjiā</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>writer</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>必修课</para></entry><entry><para>bìxiū kè</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>compulsory course</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>换</para></entry><entry><para>huàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>to change</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>忘</para></entry><entry><para>wàng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to forget</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>选</para></entry><entry><para>xuăn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to select, to choose</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>当</para></entry><entry><para>dāng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to work as, to function as</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>加深</para></entry><entry><para>jiāshēn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to deepen</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>了解</para></entry><entry><para>liăojiĕ</para></entry><entry><para>v. n.</para></entry><entry><para>to understand, understanding</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>研究</para></entry><entry><para>yánjiū</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to study, to do research on</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>自然</para></entry><entry><para>zìrán</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>natural, </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>偶然</para></entry><entry><para>ŏurán</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>accidental, serendipitous</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有意义</para></entry><entry><para>yŏu yìyì</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>meaningful</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有关</para></entry><entry><para>yŏu guān</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>pertinent, relevant to</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>或者</para></entry><entry><para>huòzhĕ</para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>or</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>越...越</para></entry><entry><para>...yuè...yuè…</para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>the more...the more</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>是不是因为....的缘故</para></entry><entry><para> Shì bú shi yīnwèi...de yuángù</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>Isn’t it because that</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>对...有/没有兴趣</para></entry><entry><para>duì... yŏu/méi yŏu xìngqu</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>to be (not) interested in </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>原来是这麽一回事</para></entry><entry><para>Yuánlái shì zhème yì huí shì</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>Now, I understand.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有志者事竟成</para></entry><entry><para>Yǒuzhìzhĕ shìjìngchéng.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>There is a will there is a way.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>为人师表</para></entry><entry><para>Wéirén shībiăo</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>Teach by setting a good example</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>会</para></entry><entry><para>huì</para></entry><entry><para>aux. v.</para></entry><entry><para>know how to, can</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>可以</para></entry><entry><para>kĕyĭ</para></entry><entry><para>aux. v.</para></entry><entry><para>can, may</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>要</para></entry><entry><para>yào</para></entry><entry><para>aux. v.</para></entry><entry><para>shall, will</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>能</para></entry><entry><para>néng</para></entry><entry><para>aux. v.</para></entry><entry><para>may, can</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>愿意</para></entry><entry><para>yuànyì</para></entry><entry><para>aux. v.</para></entry><entry><para>be willing to</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>应该</para></entry><entry><para>yīnggāi</para></entry><entry><para>aux. v.</para></entry><entry><para>ought to, must</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77407_1993127563"/>Grammar</title>r<para/><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77409_1993127563"/>1. Common auxiliary verbs and their usage:</title><para/><para>Verbs which assist the main verb in a sentence to express necessity, possibility and willingness are known as </para><para>AUXILLARY VERBS. The six most commonly used auxiliary verbs, their meanings, their negative verbs and examples </para><para>of their usage are listed below:</para><para/><para>Aux. Verb Meaning Neg. form Examples </para><para>会 1.Express the grasp skill through learning </para><para> 2. Express possibility 不会</para><para> 我会说汉语。 I can (learn how to) speak Chinese. </para><para> 她不会游泳。 She can’t (don’t know how to) swim. </para><para> 王老师会来吗？Can Teacher Wang come？</para><para> 她很忙, 不会来。She is busy. (She) can’t come. </para><para>能 1.Express capability</para><para> 2.Possibility provided by circumstances 不能</para><para> 他能教你跳舞。 He can teach you dance. </para><para> 她能不能开车？Can she drive</para><para> 大夫说他能吃鱼 。 Doctor says he can eat fish. </para><para>想 1.Express a desire to do something </para><para> 2.Express an actual need 不想, 不用</para><para> 我想上研究院。 I want to attend graduate school. </para><para> 我不想学吸烟。 I don’t want to learn smoking. </para><para> 你要去看你妈妈。You need to do and visit your Mom. </para><para> 你不用给我打电话。 You don’t need to call me. </para><para>可以 1.Express the ability </para><para> 2.Express permission 不可以</para><para> 学中文可以了解中国。 Learning Chinese can understand China. </para><para> 这儿不可以喝酒。 Drinking is not allowed here. </para><para>应该 Ought to</para><para> 不应该 </para><para> 你应该去中国看看。 You ought to visit China. </para><para> 他不应该看那本书。 He should not read that book. </para><para>愿意 To be willing to</para><para> 不愿意 </para><para> 他愿意跟你去纽约。 He is willing to go to NY with you. </para><para> </para><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77411_1993127563"/>2.或者 vs.还是:</title><para>Both conjunctions means “or” in English. But, 还是 is mainly used in an alternative question or in a subordinate clause following such verbs as 知道, 告诉 . For example:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>明天她还是你去看爸爸？</para></entry><entry><para>Tomorrow will she or you go to see Dad?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？</para></entry><entry><para>Do you want to drink tea or coffee?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我不知道她是中国人还是日本人。</para></entry><entry><para>I don’t know weather she is Chinese or Japanese.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>或者 is used in declarative sentences or in questions except alternative questions. For example:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>以後你想当翻译或者老师吗？</para></entry><entry><para>n the future will you want to work as an interpreter or a teacher?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>小王或者小张明天开车来接你。</para></entry><entry><para>Tomorrow Wang or Zhang will come and pick you up.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/></sect3><sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77413_1993127563"/>3. The pattern 越...越....:</title><para>This is a construction for describing progression in one process that is related to another process. It’s English equivalent is “the more...the more...”. For example:</para><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我越学中文越爱学。</para></entry><entry><para>The more I learn Chinese, the better I like it.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他越走越快。</para></entry><entry><para>The more he walked, the faster he got. (He walked faster and faster)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>认识的字越多越好。</para></entry><entry><para>The more characters one knows, the better.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para>Note that after the appearances of 越, we can use both adjectives : 越多越好; a verb and an adjective: 越走越快, or both verbs where the second verb stands for a feeling or emotion: 越学中文越爱学.</para><para>Summary of the pattern:</para><para/><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject 越</para></entry><entry><para>Verb/adjective 越</para></entry><entry><para>Verb/adjective.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable><para/><para/><para/><para/></sect3></sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77415_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77417_1993127563"/>1.Auxiliary verbs: 会, 能, 要, 可以, 应该, 愿意?</title>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77419_1993127563"/>A.要</title>
- <para>要 (having a desire to do something, also indicating a future action):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天我要去古老师那儿坐坐。你也去吗？我不想去。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>妈妈这个星期天要去看朋友。她说没空给你作点心。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>下午我们要跳舞。你也来吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个周末我要去实验室工作, 所以, 我不想去散心。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>要 (expressing a need):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>老师, 今天我们要背生词吗？不用。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>每个人都要学一门外国语言。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学外语一定要天天练习。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王老师说我们今天不用去语言实验室, 可是一定要念课文。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>要 (having a desire to do something, also indicating a future action):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Míngtiān wŏ yào qù Gŭ lăoshī nàr zuòzuo. Nĭ yĕ qù ma？Wŏ bù xiăng qù. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Māma zhè ge xīngqī tiān yào qù kàn péngyou. Tā shuō méi kòng gĕi nĭ zuò diănxīn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiàwŭ wŏmen yào tiàowŭ. Nĭ yĕ lái ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè ge zhōumò wŏ yào qù shìyànshì gōngzuò, suŏyĭ wŏ bù xiăng qù sànxīn.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>要 (expressing a need):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lăoshī, jīntiān wŏmen yào bèi shēngcí ma？Bú yòng.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mĕi ge rén dōu yào xué yì mén wàiguó yŭyán.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xué wàiyŭ yídìng yào tiāntiān liànxì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wáng lăoshī shuō wŏmen jīntiān bú yòng qù yŭyán shìyànshì, kĕshì yídìng yào niàn kèwén.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>要 (having a desire to do something, also indicating a future action):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tomorrow I’ll go to Teacher Gu’s place for a visit. Will you go, too？I won’t go.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mom will go to visit friends this Sunday. She said she had no time to make desserts.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This afternoon, we’ll dance. Join us, will you?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This weekend I’ll go to work at the lab, so, I’ll not go out.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>要 (expressing a need):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Teacher, should we memorize the new words today？No.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Everybody got to learn a foreign language.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Leaning a foreign language, (one) needs to practice everyday.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Teacher Wang says we do not need to go to language lab today, but we got to practice reading the text.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77421_1993127563"/>B.会</title>
- <para>会 (expressing the grasp of skills through learning ):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你为什麽天天走路去上课？你会开车吗？我会开车。可是我没有车。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你会不会写汉字？我会。可是, 我写得不好。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他怎么样？他很不错, 可是不会说汉语。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>会唱这首歌的人不多。这首歌太难了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>早知道你会作中国点心, 我就不去买了。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>会(expressing possibility):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天他会开车送你吗？不会, 他明天要上课。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你会来参加我的生日晚会吗？我一定会来。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你说他会帮我翻译吗？我不知道。我得打电话问他。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>会 (expressing the grasp of skills through learning ):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ wèishénme tiāntiān zŏu lù qù shàng kè. Nĭ huì kāi chē ma？Wŏ huì kāi chē. Kĕshì wŏ méi yŏu chē.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ huì bú huì xiĕ Hànzi？Wŏ huì. Kĕshì, wŏ xiĕ de bù hăo.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā zĕnmeyàng？Tā hĕn búcuò, kĕshì bú huì shuō Hànyŭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Huì chàng zhè shŏu gē de rén bù duō. Zhè shŏu gē tài nán le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zăo zhīdao nĭ huì zuò Zhōngguó diănxīn, wŏ jiù bú qù măi le.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>会 (expressing possibility):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mìngtiān tā huìkāichēsòng nĭ ma？Bú huì, Tā mìngtiān yào shàng kè.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ huì lái cānjiā wŏde shēngrì wănhuì ma？Wŏ yìdìng huì lái.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ shuō tā huì bāng wŏ fānyì ma？Wŏ bù zhīdào. Wŏ dĕi dă diànhuà wèn tā.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>会 (expressing the grasp of skills through learning ):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Why do you walk to class everyday？Do you know how to drive？I do know how to drive, but I don’t have a car.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you know how to write Characters？Yes. But my writing is not good.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How about him？He is not bad, but he does not know how to speak Chinese.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Those who know how to sing this song are not many. This song is difficult.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>If I had known that you know how to make Chinese dim sum, I would not have bought it.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>会 (expressing possibility):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Can he give you a ride tomorrow？No. He is going to class tomorrow.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Can you come to my birthday party？I certainly can come.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Do you think he can help me translate？I don’t know. I have to call him and ask.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77423_1993127563"/>C.能</title>
- <para>能 (expressing possibility):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>下星期你能跟我一起去医院作义工吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这学期我太忙了, 所以不能选汉语。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王老师, 下午我得去看大夫, 不能帮你找资料。对不起。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我没有钱。我不能上研究院。我得工作。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>能 (expressing capability):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>他会游泳, 可是他游得不好, 所以不能教你。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她的身体不好, 不能工作。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我不会法文, 所以不能帮你翻译。你找我妈妈吧。她能。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我吃得太多了, 不能再吃了。谢谢。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>能 (expressing possibility):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xià xīngqī nĭ néng gēn wŏ yìqĭ qù yīyuàn zuò yìgōng ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè xuéqī wŏ tài máng le, suŏyĭ bù néng xuăn Hànyŭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wáng lăoshī, xiàwŭ wŏ dĕi qù kàn dàifu, bù néng bāng nĭ zhăo zīliào. Duìbuqĭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ méi yŏu qián. Wŏ bù néng shàng yánjiūyuàn. Wŏ dĕi gōngzuò.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>能 (expressing capability):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā huì yóuyŏng, kĕshì tā yóu de bù hăo, suŏyĭ bù néng jiāo nĭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā de shēntĭ bù hăo, bù néng gōngzuò.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ bú huì Făwén, suŏyĭ bù néng bāng nĭ fānyì. Nĭ zhăo wŏ māma ba. Tā néng.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ chī de tài duō le, bù néng zài chī le. Xièxie.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>能 (expressing possibility):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Can you go and volunteer together with me in the hospital next week?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This semester I am too busy, so I can not take Chinese.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Teacher Wang, this afternoon I have to see doctor. I can not help you to look for the materials. I’m sorry.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I don’t have money. I can not attend the graduate school. I have to work.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>能 (expressing capability):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>He knows how to swim, but he does not swim well, so (he) can not teach you.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Her health isn’t good, so (she) can not work.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I don’t know French, so (I) can not help you with the translation. Ask my Mom. She can.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I have eaten too muck. I can’t eat anymore. Thank you just the same.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77425_1993127563"/>D.可以</title>
- <para>可以 (expressing the ability):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>学中文可以加深对中国的了解。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>看书, 看报可以了解世界。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>现在学中文, 以後就可以当翻译。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>可以 (expressing permission):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你可以用这台电脑。我用那台。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我们可以从那儿走吗？不可以。那是车家的花园。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你才十八岁, 不可以喝酒。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>喝酒以後, 不可以开车。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>老师说上课的时候, 只可以说汉语, 不可以说英语。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>可以 (expressing the ability):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xué Zhōngwén kĕyĭ jiāshēn duì Zhōngguó de liăojiĕ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Kàn shū kàn bào, kĕyĭ liăojiĕ shìjiè. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiànzài xué Zhōngwén, yĭhòu jiù kĕyĭ dāng fānyì.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>可以 (expressing permission):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ kĕyĭ yòng zhè tái diànnăo. Wŏ yòng nà tái.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏmen kĕyĭ cóng nàr zŏu ma？Bù Kĕyĭ. Nà shì Chē jiā de huāyuán.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ cái shìbā suì. Bù kĕyĭ hē jiŭ. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Hē jiŭ yĭhòu, bù kĕyĭ kāi chē.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lăoshī shuō shàng kè de shìhòu, zhĭ kĕyĭ shuō Hànyŭ, bù kĕyĭ shuō Yīngyŭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para>可以 (expressing the ability):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Learning Chinese can deepen the understanding of China.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Reading books, reading newspaper can learn about the world.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Now (you) learn Chinese, later (you) can be an interpreter.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para>可以 (expressing permission):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>You can use this computer. I use that one.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Can we go from there？No. That is Che family’s garden.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You are only eighteen. (You) can’t drink.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>No driving after drinking.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The teacher says in class, (we) are only allowed to speak Chinese. (We) are not allowed to speak English.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect4>
- <sect4>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77427_1993127563"/>E.应该</title>
- <para>应该 (should, ought to):</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我学中文不是偶然的。我爸爸说中国人吃中国饭, 就应该学中文。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你才十九, 不应该喝酒。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我们都是朋友, 应该互相帮助。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你昨天应该去纽约看那个中国展览, 非常不错。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ xué Zhōngwén bú shì ŏurán de. Wŏ bàba shuō Zhōnguó rén chī Zhōngguó fàn, jiù yīnggāi xué Zhōngwén.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ cái shìjiŭ, bù yīnggāi hē jiŭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏmen dōu shì péngyou, yīnggāi hùxiāng bāngzhù. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ zuótiān yīnggāi qù Nĭuyuē kàn nà ge Zhōngguó zhănlăn, fēicháng búcuò.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>It is not an serendipitous act of me to learn Chinese. My Dad says that an Chinese who eats Chinese food should learn Chinese.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You are only nineteen. (You) should not drink.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>We are all friends. We should help each other.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You should have gone to see the Chinese exhibits in New York. (It’s) very, very nice.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect4>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77429_1993127563"/>F.愿意 (willing):</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>他说他愿意帮我 洗 车。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你明天愿意不愿意跟我去医院作义工？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他说他愿意去餐馆打工, 不愿意在家看妹妹。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā shuō tā yuànyì bāng wŏ xĭ chē.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ mìngtiān yuànyì bú yuànyì gēn wŏ qù yīyuàn zuò yìgōng?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā shuō tā yuànyì qù cānguăn dă gōng, bú yuànyì zài jiā kàn mèimei.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>He said he is willing to help me clean the car.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are you willing or not to go with me to volunteer in the hospital tomorrow?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He said he is willing to work in the restaurant, but not willing to look after the younger sister at home.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77431_1993127563"/>2. The expression 或者:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你什麽时候去中国？我明年六月或者七月去。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你以後想作什麽工作？当经理或者当工程师都很不错。你说对吧？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我们晚上吃什麽？中国饭或者美国饭都可以。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>从这儿去纽约, 坐火车或者坐汽车都很方便。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我有一个问题。我想现在去学院跟王老师或者车老师谈一谈。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天晚上我们在家看电视还是去电影院看电影？看电影或者看电视都一样。我都喜欢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我星期三或者星期四要到纽约图书馆找资料。你也想去吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ shénme shìhòu qù Zhōngguó. Wŏ mìngnián liù yuè huòzhĕ qī yuè qù.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ yĭhòu xiăng zuò shénme gōngzuò？Dāng jīnglĭ huòzhĕ dāng gōngchéngshī dōu hĕn búcuò. Nĭ shuō duì ba?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏmen wănshàng chī shénme？Zhōngguó fàn huòzhĕ Mĕiguó fàn dōu kĕyĭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Cóng zhèr qù Niŭyuē zuò huŏchē huòzhĕ zuò qìchē dōu hĕn fāngbiàn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ yŏu yí ge wèntì. Wŏ xiăng xiànzài qù xuéyuàn gēn Wáng lăoshī huòzhĕ Chē lăoshī tán yì tán.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān wănshàng wŏmen zài jiā kàn diànshì háishì qù diànyĭngyuàn kàn diànyĭng？Kàn diànyĭng huòzhĕ kàn diànshì dōu yíyàng. Wŏ dōu xĭhuan.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ xīngqī sān huòzhĕ xīngqī sì yào dào Niŭyuē túshūguăn zhăo zīliào. Nĭ yĕ xiăng qù ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>When are you going to China？I’ll go in June or July next year.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What do you want to be in the future？It isn’t bad to be a manager or an engineer. Do you agree?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What do we eat tonight？Chinese food or American food are both fine.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>It is very convenient to go from here to New York by train or by car.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I have a question. I want to go to the college now to talk to Teacher Wang or Teacher Che.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This evening, are we going to watch TV at home or watch a movie at the cinema？It makes no difference to see a movie or TV. I enjoy both.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I will go to New York library on Wednesday or on Thursday to look for materials. Do you want to go, too?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77433_1993127563"/>3.The pattern 越...越....:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>这本书我越看越觉得有意思。你也看看吧。你一定也会喜欢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你看, 他越唱越高兴。你想跟他一起唱吗？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个星期我睡得很多, 越 睡越想睡。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天来参加晚会的人真多。我妈妈说人越多越好。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你妈妈作的点心真好吃。我越吃越爱吃。那你就再吃一点吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他越游越快, 越游离我们越远。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>现在的孩子跟以前的孩子不一样。你越说他们越不听。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè bĕn shū wŏ yuè kàn yuè juéde yŏu yìsi. Nĭ yĕ kànkan ba. Nĭ yídìng yĕ huì xĭhuan.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ kàn, tā yuè chàng yuè gāoxìng. Nĭ xiăng gēn tā yìqĭ chàng ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè ge xīngqī wŏ shuì de hĕn duō, yuè shuì yuè xiăng shuì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān lái cānjiā wănhuì de rén zhēn duō. Wŏ māma shuō rén yuè duō yuè hăo.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ māma zuò de diănxīn zhēn hăo chī. Wŏ yuè chī yuè ài chī. Nà nĭ jiù zài chī yìdiăn ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā yuè yóu yuè kuài, yòu yóu lì wŏmen yuè yuăn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiànzài de háizi gēn yĭqián de háizi bù yíyàng. Nĭ yuè shuō tāmen yuè bù tīng.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>This book, the more I read the more interesting I feel. Just read it yourself. You will definitely like it, too.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Look, the more he sings the happier he becomes. Do you want to sing with him?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This week I slept a lot, the more I slept the more I want to sleep.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Today the people who came to participate in the party are a lot. My Mom says the more the people the merrier.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The deserts your Mom made are delicious. The more I eat the more I like to eat. Then, you have some more.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He swims faster and faster. The more he swims the farther he is away from us.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Today’s kids are not the same as those before. The more you say the more indifferent they become (the more they would not listen). </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77435_1993127563"/>4.The expression 忙着+ V. (be busy doing):</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>她现在忙着学中文, 没空看电视。 </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你忙什麽呢?我忙着作饭呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你看, 他们玩得 真高兴。你为什麽不玩呢？我忙着准备考试呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天我打电话给老王。他不在。你知道他在哪儿？他在三楼, 忙着写他的书呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>那个忙着吃饭的孩子是谁？她是对面张先生的女儿。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā xiànzài máng zhe xué Zhōngwén, méi kòng kàn diànshì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ máng shénme？Wŏ máng zhe zuò fàn ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ kàn, tāmen wán de zhēn gāoxìng. Nĭ wèishénme bù wán ne？Wŏ máng zhe zhŭnbèi kăoshì ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān wŏ dă diànhuà gĕi Lăo Wáng. Tā bú zài. Nĭ zhīdao tā zài năr？Tā zài sān lóu, máng zhe xiĕ tā de shū ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nà ge máng zhe chī fàn de háizi shì shuì？Tā shì duìmiàn Zhāng xiānsheng de nǚér. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Now she is busy studying Chinese; (she) has no time to watch TV.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What are you busy with？I’m busy cooking.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Look, they are having a lot fun (playing happily). Why don’t you join them (why don’t you play)？I’m busy preparing for the exam.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Today I call old Zhang. He was not in. Do you know where he is？He is on the third floor, busy writing his book.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Who is the child busy eating？She is the daughter of Mr. Zhang who lives across. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77437_1993127563"/>5.The expression (这)是不是因为.....的缘故:(Isn’t this because?)</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>这是不是因为你喜欢喝茶的缘故?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你想去台湾, (这)是不是因为你女朋友在那儿的缘故?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她不想去饭馆吃饭, 是不是因为没有车的缘故?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>是不是因为那个学院老师好的缘故, 你想去那儿学习?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你喜欢这个电视, 是不是因为想家的缘故?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>是不是因为他在纽约工作的缘故, 所以你也想去纽约?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你说你不会写这个汉字, 是不是因为你不想帮我写?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他要你现在去图书馆, 是不是因为他要你帮他找资料?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì bú shì yīnwèi nĭ xĭhuan hē chá de yuángù?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ xiăng qù Táiwān, (zhè) shì bú shì yīnwèi nĭ nǚ péngyou zài nàr de yuángù?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā bù xiăng qù fànguăn chī fàn, shì bú shì yīnwèi méi yŏu chē de yuángù.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shì bú shì yīnwèi nà ge xuéyuàn lăoshī hăo de yuángù, nĭ xiăng qù nàr xuéxì?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ xĭhuan zhè ge diànshi, shì bú shì yīnwèi xiăng jiā de yuángù？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shì bú shì yīnwèi tā zài Niŭyuē gōngzuò de yuángù, suŏyĭ nĭ yĕ xiăng qù Niŭyuē?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ shuō nĭ bú huì xiĕ zhè ge Hànzì, shì bú shì yīnwèi nĭ bù xiăng bāng wŏ xiĕ?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā yào nĭ xiànzài qù túshūguăn, shì bú shì tā yào nĭ bāng tā zhăo zīliào?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Isn’t it because you like to drink tea?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You want to go to Taiwan, isn’t this because your girl friend is there?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>She does not want to go to the restaurant to have dinner. Isn’t this because she does not have a car?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Isn’t it because the teachers in the college are good, so you want to study there?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You like this TV (program), isn’t this because you are homesick?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Isn’t it because he works in New York, so you also want to go to New York?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You said that you don’t know how to write this character; isn’t that because you don’t want to help me write it？</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He wants you to go to the library right now; isn’t that because he wants you to help him to look for the materials?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77439_1993127563"/>Lesson 27</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77441_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77443_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Has the Party for the Spring Festival Started?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Ding: Teacher Gu, Has get-together party started yet?</para>
- <para>Gu:Not yet. The party won’t start until seven thirty. There are more than ten minutes to go. Do you want some drinks？</para>
- <para>Ding: I want some orange juice. Thanks. Teacher Gu, Are there many people coming to the party today?</para>
- <para>Gu:There are quite a large number of people who came. Some have already gone upstairs. Let’s go up, too.</para>
- <para>Ding: Teacher Gu, You go up first. I’ll wait for my parents here. Tonight they will come to attend our department’s party for the Spring festival.</para>
- <para>GU:Really？That’s great. When your parents arrive, please do introduce us.</para>
- <para>Ding: Sure.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>( Ten Minutes Later )</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Ding: Teacher Gu, let me introduce: this is my Dad, and this is my Mom. Mom, Dad, this is teacher Gu from the East Asian Library. She teaches us calligraphy too.</para>
- <para>Mom/Dad: Glad to meet you.</para>
- <para>Gu:Welcome, Welcome.</para>
- <para>Ding: Teacher Gu, my parents went to China last August.</para>
- <para>Gu:Really？What places have you visited?</para>
- <para>Dad: We have been to quite a few places. Beijing, Shanghai, Xi’an, (we) have visited. China is beautiful.</para>
- <para>Gu:Do you want to go again?</para>
- <para>Mom: Oh, yes.</para>
- <para>Ding: Xueyou and I plan to go to Beijing this summer vocation. My parents said they would go together with us.</para>
- <para>Gu:Will (you) go this summer vocation?</para>
- <para>Ding: Right, (We) will go this summer vocation. But, it’s seven thirty now. We have to go to attend the get-together first.</para>
- <para>Gu:Yes. Everybody, please.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77445_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>春节联欢晚会开始了吗？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁 : 古老师联欢晚会开始了吗？</para>
- <para>古老师 ：没有呢。晚会七点半才开始。还有十几分钟。你要喝点儿饮料吗？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 我想喝点儿橘子水。谢谢。古老师, 今天来参加晚会的人多吗？</para>
- <para>古老师 ：来的人真不少。有的已经上搂了。我们也上去 吧。 </para>
- <para>小丁 : 古老师, 您先上去吧, 我在这儿等我的爸爸妈妈。今晚他们也来参加我们系的春节联欢晚会。</para>
- <para>古老师 ：真的吗, 那太好了。爸爸, 妈妈来的时候, 你一定要给我们介绍介绍。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 好的, 一定。</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(十分钟以後)</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>小丁 : 古老师, 我给你 们介绍一下：这是我爸爸, 这是我妈妈。爸爸, 妈妈, 这是东亚图书馆的古老师。她也教我们书法。</para>
- <para>爸爸妈妈 ：认识您, 我们很高兴。</para>
- <para>古老师 : 欢迎, 欢迎。</para>
- <para>小丁 ：古老师, 我爸爸妈妈去年八月去中国。</para>
- <para>古老师 : 是吗？你们参观了哪些地方？</para>
- <para>爸爸 ：我们去了不少地方。北京, 上海, 西安, 都去了。中国真漂亮。</para>
- <para>古老师 : 你们还想去吗？</para>
- <para>妈妈 ：想, 想。</para>
- <para>小丁 ：我和学友今年暑假打算去北京。我爸爸妈妈说他们要跟我们一起去。</para>
- <para>古老师 : 今年暑假就去吗？</para>
- <para>小丁 ：对, 今年暑假就去。不过, 现在已经七点半了, 我们得先去参加联欢会。</para>
- <para>古老师 : 好, 大家请吧。</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77447_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>初級第二十七課: 對話 春節聯歡晚會開始了嗎？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 古老師聯歡晚會開始了嗎？</para>
- <para>古老師 ﹕沒有呢。晚會七點半才開始。還有十幾分鐘。你要喝點兒飲料嗎？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 我想喝點兒橘子水。謝謝。古老師, 今天來參加晚會的人多嗎？</para>
- <para>古老師 ﹕來的人真不少。有的已經上摟了。我們也上去 吧。 </para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 古老師, 您先上去吧, 我在這兒等我的爸爸媽媽。今晚他們也來參加我們系的春節聯歡晚會。</para>
- <para>古老師 ﹕真的嗎, 那太好了。爸爸, 媽媽來的時候, 你一定要給我們介紹介紹。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 好的, 一定。</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(十分鐘以後)</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 古老師, 我給你 們介紹一下﹕這是我爸爸, 這是我媽媽。爸爸, 媽媽, 這是東亞圖書館的古老師。她也教我們書法。</para>
- <para>爸爸媽媽 ﹕認識您, 我們很高興。</para>
- <para>古老師 ﹕ 歡迎, 歡迎。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕古老師, 我爸爸媽媽去年八月去中國。</para>
- <para>古老師 ﹕ 是嗎？你們參觀了哪些地方？</para>
- <para>爸爸 ﹕我們去了不少地方。北京, 上海, 西安, 都去了。中國真漂亮。</para>
- <para>古老師 ﹕ 你們還想去嗎？</para>
- <para>媽媽 ﹕想, 想。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕我和學友今年暑假打算去北京。我爸爸媽媽說他們要跟我們一起去。</para>
- <para>古老師 ﹕ 今年暑假就去嗎？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕對, 今年暑假就去。不過, 現在已經七點半了, 我們得先去參加聯歡會。</para>
- <para>古老師 ﹕ 好, 大家請吧。</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77865_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Chūnjié Liánhuān Wănhuì Kāishĭ le ma?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Gŭ lăoshī liánhuān wănhuì kāishĭ le ma?</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Mēiyŏu ne. Wănhuì qīdiăn bàn cái kāishĭ. Hái yŏu shíjĭ fēnzhōng. Nĭ yào hē diănr yĭnliào ma?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ xiăng hē diănr júzi shuĭ. Xièxie, Gŭ lăoshī jīntiān lái cānjiā wănhuì de rén duō ma?</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Lái de rén zhēn bùshăo. Yŏude yĭjīng shàng lóu le. Wŏmen yĕ shàng qù ba.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Gŭ lăoshī nín xiān shàng qù ba, wŏ zài zhèr dĕng wŏde bàba māma. Jīnwăn tāmen yĕ lái cānjiā wŏmen xì de chūnjié liánhuān wănhuì.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Zhēnde ma? Nà tài hăo le. Bàba, māma lái de shíhòu, nĭ yīdìng yào gĕi wŏmen jièshào jièshào.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Hăo de, yídìng.</para>
- <para>(Shí Fēnzhōng Yĭhòu)</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Gŭ lăoshī wŏ gĕi nĭmen jièshào yíxià zhè shì wŏ bàba, zhè shì wŏ māma. Bàba, māma, zhè shì Dōngyà túshūguăn de Gù lăoshī. Tā jiāo wŏmen shūfă.</para>
- <para>Bàba, māma: Rénshi nín, wŏmen hĕn gāoxìng.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Huānyíng, huānyíng.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ Bàba, Māma qùnián bāyuè qù Zhōngguó.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Shìma? Nĭmen cānguān le năxiē dìfāng?</para>
- <para>Bàba: Wŏmen qù le bùshăo dìfāng. Bĕijīng, Shànghăi, Xī'ān, dōu qù le. Zhōngguó. zhēn piàoliàng.</para>
- <para>Gŭ Lăoshī: Nĭmen hái xiăng qù ma?</para>
- <para>Māma: Xiăng, xiăng.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ hé Xuéyŏu jīnnián shŭjià dăsuàn qù Bĕijīng. Wŏ Bàba, Māma shuō tāmen yào gēn wŏmen yìqĭ qù.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Jīnnián shŭjià jiù qù ma?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Duì, jīnnián shŭjià jiù qù. Búguò xiànzài yĭjīng qīdiăn bàn le. Wŏmen dĕi xiān qù cānjiā liánhuān huì.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Hăo, dàjiā qĭng ba.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77449_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77451_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Ding’s parents went to China</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Last year Ding’s parents went to China for a visit. They left New York in Mid-July, and did not return until late August. In China, they visited a lot of places. (They) have been to Beijing, Shanghai, Xi’an, and Guilin. Among these few cities, they liked Beijing the most. </para>
- <para>In Beijing, they stayed a total of two weeks. Besides the forbidden city and the Great Wall, </para>
- <para>they also browsed through five parks, visited three museums, saw two Peking operas, interviewed a school, and went to a lot of restaurants. Before (they) went to China, Mr. and Mrs. Ding liked to eat Chinese food very much. Every week, as long as they got a chance, they would have Chinese food once. You wouldn’t believe how happy they were, when Mr. and Mrs. Ding arrived in Beijing, and saw all kinds of restaurants. They tasted Beijing, Shanghai, and Sichuan cuisines, tried the famous Chinese Maotai, and also learned how to use Chinese Chopsticks. If it wasn’t for the sake of (their) health, Mr. and Mrs. Ding would have tried out all the restaurants in the city of Beijing. </para>
- <para>Only a year ago did Mr. and Mrs. Ding return from China to the States. Now, they want to go </para>
- <para>to China again. This summer vocation, their daughter Ding will go to study in Beijing. Mr. and Mrs. Ding want to go with her. It has only been a year since they came back from China, and (they) want to go again. Don’t you think (they) are too anxious?! </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77453_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>初级第二十七课: 短文 爸爸妈妈去年去了中国</para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美的爸爸妈妈去年去中国参观访问。他们七月中从纽约出发, 八月底才回来。 在中国, 他们参观了不少地方。北京, 上海, 西安, 桂林都去了。这几个城 市, 他们说他们最喜欢北京。</para>
- <para> 在北京, 他们一共呆了两个星期。除了故宫, 长城以外, 他们还跑了五个 公园, 参观了三个博物馆, 看了两场京剧, 访问了一个学校, 上了无数的饭馆。 去中国以前, 丁先生, 丁太太就很喜欢吃中国饭。每个星期只要有机会, 他们都要吃一次中国饭。到了北京, 见到了各种各样的中国饭馆, 丁先生, 丁太太别提有多高兴了。他们尝了北京菜, 上海菜, 四川菜, 还试了中国有名 的茅台酒, 还学会了用中国筷子。要不是为健康考虑, 丁先生, 丁太太还真要 吃遍北京城呢！</para>
- <para> 丁先生丁太太一年以前才从中国回美国。现在, 他们还想再去中国。今年暑假 他们的女儿小丁要去北京学习。丁先生, 丁太太也想跟她一起去。从中国回来 才一年, 就想再去, 你说是不是太着急了呢</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77455_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>初級第二十七課: 短文 爸爸媽媽去年去了中國</para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美的爸爸媽媽去年去中國參觀訪問。他們七月中從紐約出發, 八月底才回來。 在中國, 他們參觀了不少地方。北京, 上海, 西安, 桂林都去了。這幾個城 市, 他們說他們最喜歡北京。</para>
- <para> 在北京, 他們一共呆了兩個星期。除了故宮, 長城以外, 他們還跑了五個 公園, 參觀了三個博物館, 看了兩場京劇, 訪問了一個學校, 上了無數的飯館。 去中國以前, 丁先生, 丁太太就很喜歡吃中國飯。每個星期只要有機會, 他們都要吃一次中國飯。到了北京, 見到了各種各樣的中國飯館, 丁先生, 丁太太別提有多高興了。他們嘗了北京菜, 上海菜, 四川菜, 還試了中國有名 的茅台酒, 還學會了用中國筷子。要不是為健康考慮, 丁先生, 丁太太還真要 吃遍北京城呢！</para>
- <para> 丁先生丁太太一年以前才從中國回美國。現在, 他們還想再去中國。今年暑假 他們的女兒小丁要去北京學習。丁先生, 丁太太也想跟她一起去。從中國回來 才一年, 就想再去, 你說是不是太著急了呢？</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77457_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Chūnjié Liánhuān Wănhuì Kāishĭ le ma?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Gŭ lăoshī liánhuān wănhuì kāishĭ le ma?</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Mēiyŏu ne. Wănhuì qīdiăn bàn cái kāishĭ. Hái yŏu shíjĭ fēnzhōng. Nĭ yào hē diănr yĭnliào ma?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ xiăng hē diănr júzi shuĭ. Xièxie, Gŭ lăoshī jīntiān lái cānjiā wănhuì de rén duō ma?</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Lái de rén zhēn bùshăo. Yŏude yĭjīng shàng lóu le. Wŏmen yĕ shàng qù ba.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Gŭ lăoshī nín xiān shàng qù ba, wŏ zài zhèr dĕng wŏde bàba māma. Jīnwăn tāmen yĕ lái cānjiā wŏmen xì de chūnjié liánhuān wănhuì.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Zhēnde ma？Nà tài hăo le. Bàba, māma lái de shíhòu, nĭ yīdìng yào gĕi wŏmen jièshào jièshào.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Hăo de, yídìng.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(Shí Fēnzhōng Yĭhòu)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Gŭ lăoshī wŏ gĕi nĭmen jièshào yíxià zhè shì wŏ bàba, zhè shì wŏ māma. Bàba, māma, zhè shì Dōngyà túshūguăn de Gù lăoshī. Tā jiāo wŏmen shūfă.</para>
- <para>Bàba, māma: Rénshi nín, wŏmen hĕn gāoxìng.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Huānyíng, huānyíng.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ Bàba, Māma qùnián bāyuè qù Zhōngguó.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Shìma？Nĭmen cānguān le năxiē dìfāng?</para>
- <para>Bàba: Wŏmen qù le bùshăo dìfāng. Bĕijīng, Shànghăi, Xī'ān, dōu qù le. Zhōngguó. zhēn piàoliàng.</para>
- <para>Gŭ Lăoshī: Nĭmen hái xiăng qù ma?</para>
- <para>Māma: Xiăng, xiăng.</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ hé Xuéyŏu jīnnián shŭjià dăsuàn qù Bĕijīng. Wŏ Bàba, Māma shuō tāmen yào gēn wŏmen yìqĭ qù.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Jīnnián shŭjià jiù qù ma?</para>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng: Duì, jīnnián shŭjià jiù qù. Búguò xiànzài yĭjīng qīdiăn bàn le. Wŏmen dĕi xiān qù cānjiā liánhuān huì.</para>
- <para>Gŭ lăoshī: Hăo, dàjiā qĭng ba.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77459_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words </para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para> 春节</para></entry><entry><para>chūnjié</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Spring Festival</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>联欢</para></entry><entry><para>liánhuān</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>get-together</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>饮料</para></entry><entry><para>yĭnliào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>drinks</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>暑假</para></entry><entry><para>shŭjià</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>summer vocation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>故宫</para></entry><entry><para>gùgōng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>the Forbidden City </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>博物馆</para></entry><entry><para>bówùguăn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>museum</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>筷子</para></entry><entry><para>kuàizi</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>chopsticks</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>健康</para></entry><entry><para>jiànkāng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>health</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>城</para></entry><entry><para>chéng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>city</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>菜</para></entry><entry><para>cài</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>vegetable, dishes</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>茅台</para></entry><entry><para>máotái</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>a strong Chinese liquor</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>西安</para></entry><entry><para>Xī'ān</para></entry><entry><para>place n.</para></entry><entry><para>a city in China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>桂林</para></entry><entry><para>Guìlìn</para></entry><entry><para>place n.</para></entry><entry><para>a city in China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>开始</para></entry><entry><para>kāishĭ</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to begin, to start</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>出发</para></entry><entry><para>chūfā</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to set out, to leave</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>呆</para></entry><entry><para>dāi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to stay</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>尝</para></entry><entry><para>cháng</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to taste</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>试</para></entry><entry><para>shì</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to try</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学会</para></entry><entry><para>xué huì</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to learn how to</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>到</para></entry><entry><para>dào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to arrive</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>见到</para></entry><entry><para>jiàn dào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to see</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>回</para></entry><entry><para>huì</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to return</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>吃遍</para></entry><entry><para>chī biàn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to eat all of</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>中</para></entry><entry><para>zhōng</para></entry><entry><para>suffix </para></entry><entry><para>mid</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>底</para></entry><entry><para>dĭ</para></entry><entry><para>suffix</para></entry><entry><para>late</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>着急</para></entry><entry><para>zháojí </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>anxious</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>无数</para></entry><entry><para>wúshù</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>numerous</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>为...考虑</para></entry><entry><para>wèi..kăolǜ</para></entry><entry><para>set phrase</para></entry><entry><para>for the sake of</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>除了...以外, ...还...</para></entry><entry><para>chúle..yĭwài, hái</para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>besides</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>别提有多高兴了</para></entry><entry><para>Biétì yŏu duō gāoxìng le </para></entry><entry><para>set exp.</para></entry><entry><para>You wouldn’t believe how happy sb. Is/are</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>先</para></entry><entry><para>xiān</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>first</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77461_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77463_1993127563"/>1.The Perfect Aspect and the aspectual particle 了:</title>
- <para>In Chinese, the aspectual particle may 了occur after the predicate verb to indicate the completion of an action.</para>
- <para>The basic patterns are as follows:</para>
- <para>Affirmative:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="5"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Predicate verb</para></entry><entry><para>Aspectual particle</para></entry><entry><para>Object</para></entry><entry><para>Examples</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我</para></entry><entry><para> 吃</para></entry><entry><para> 了</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>I ate.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para> 买</para></entry><entry><para> 了</para></entry><entry><para> 三本书</para></entry><entry><para>He bought three books.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>车老师</para></entry><entry><para> 喝</para></entry><entry><para> 了</para></entry><entry><para> 那瓶橘子水</para></entry><entry><para>Teacher Che had have that bottle of OJ.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para>Negative:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="5"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para> Negation</para></entry><entry><para>Predicate verb</para></entry><entry><para>Object</para></entry><entry><para>Examples</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我</para></entry><entry><para>(还) 没</para></entry><entry><para>吃</para></entry><entry><para>(呢)</para></entry><entry><para> I haven’t eaten yet.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para> 没有</para></entry><entry><para> 买</para></entry><entry><para> 三本书</para></entry><entry><para>He didn’t buy three books.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>车老师</para></entry><entry><para> 没</para></entry><entry><para> 喝</para></entry><entry><para> 那瓶橘子水</para></entry><entry><para>Teacher Che did not drink that bottle of OJ.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Interrogative:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="6"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><colspec colnum="6" colname="c6"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Predicate verb</para></entry><entry><para> Aspectual Particle</para></entry><entry><para>Object</para></entry><entry><para>Question format</para></entry><entry><para>Examples</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你</para></entry><entry><para> 吃</para></entry><entry><para> 了</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para> 没有/吗</para></entry><entry><para>Did you eat?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他</para></entry><entry><para> 买</para></entry><entry><para> 了</para></entry><entry><para> 三本书</para></entry><entry><para>没有/吗</para></entry><entry><para>Did he buy three books?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>车老师</para></entry><entry><para> 喝</para></entry><entry><para> 了</para></entry><entry><para>那瓶橘子水</para></entry><entry><para>没有/吗</para></entry><entry><para>Did Teacher Che drink that bottle of OJ?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Notes:</para>
- <para>(1). The completion of an action has nothing to do with time. A perfect aspect of an action can happen in the future. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>明天吃了早饭你可以看电视。</para></entry><entry><para>Tomorrow you can watch TV after finish the breakfast. </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>老师, 下了课, 你有空吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Teacher, Do you have class when the class is over?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>(2). A complete action often takes place in the past, but it does not mean all actions that happen in the past should be in the perfect aspect. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>去年我常常去我妈妈家。 </para></entry><entry><para>Last year I often went to my Mom’s house.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>昨天下午三点我看书。</para></entry><entry><para>I read at three yesterday afternoon.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>(3). In a sentence with verbal constructions in a series, the perfect aspectual particle 了 is usually suffixed to the second verb. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我去图书馆找了你要的资料。</para></entry><entry><para>I went to the library to look for the information you want.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>今天我用法文写了两封信。</para></entry><entry><para>Today I wrote two letters in French.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>(4). When the verb is reduplicated, the aspectual particle is placed before the re-duplicted verb. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>她看了看书, 说:"这不是我的。"</para></entry><entry><para>She took a look at the book, and said: “This is not mine.”</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77465_1993127563"/>2. The adverbs 再, 又, and 还:</title>
- <para/>
- <para>The adverbs 再, 又, and 还 can all be translated into English as “again”. Although they all indicate the repetition of an action or a state, they are used differently in a sentence.</para>
- <para>再 indicate that the action is going to recur. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我三点给她打了一个电话。她不在。我六点再打。 </para></entry><entry><para>I called her at three. She was not there. I’ll callagain at six.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 你作的点心真好吃。我再吃一点, 好吗？</para></entry><entry><para>The pastry you made are delicious. May I have some more.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你这次游得不好。再游一次。</para></entry><entry><para>You did not swim well this time. Do it once more.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para>又 indicates that the repeated action had already taken place. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>她上午去了图书馆, 下午又去了, 所以现在她不在这儿。</para></entry><entry><para>She went to the library this morning. (She) went again this afternoon. So she is not here right now.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我昨天给她打了个电话, 她不在。今天我又给她打了个电话, 她又不在。</para></entry><entry><para>I called her yesterday. She was not in. I called her again today. She was still not in.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他昨天没吃饭。今天又没吃饭。</para></entry><entry><para>He did not eat yesterday, and again he didn’t eat today.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>还 is used in both interrogative and declarative sentence to express a repetition which is NOT YET realized but will be realized in the future. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>这个电影不错。你还看吗？我还看。</para></entry><entry><para>The movie is not bad. Do you want to see again？I do.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>明天你还来吗？我还来。</para></entry><entry><para>Will you come again tomorrow？I will.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>还 can also be used in an interrogative or declarative sentence with an auxiliary verb. It is placed before the auxiliary verb, and optional 再 can be placed after the auxiliary verb. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>你明年还想(再)去中国访问吗？我还想(再)去。</para></entry><entry><para>Next year do you want to visit China again？I do want to go again.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你明天还能帮我去图书馆找资料吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Can you go again to the library to help me look for some materials?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>3. The expression 除了...以外, ..还/也...and 除了...以外, ...都...： </para>
- <para>The expression 除了...以外, ...还/也...indicates an inclusion. Its English equivalent is “besides”. </para>
- <para>For instance:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>除了法文以外, 她还会说中文和英文。</para></entry><entry><para>Besides French, she also speaks Chinese and English.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你除了喜欢玩电脑以外, 还喜欢什麽？</para></entry><entry><para>What else do you like besides playing with computer?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>每个星期我除了去健身房锻炼以外, 还去医院当义工。</para></entry><entry><para>Every week besides going to the gym to exercise, I also go to the hospital to work as a volunteer.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Contrary to 除了...以外, ...还/也..., the expression 除了...以外, ...都...indicates exclusion. Its English counterpart is “except for”. For instance:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>除了小王以外, 我们都去参加春节联欢会。</para></entry><entry><para>Except for Wang, we'll all go to the get-together party for the Spring Festival.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>除了周末以外, 他每天都有课。</para></entry><entry><para>Everyday he has class, except for the weekend.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Sometimes, “以外”in the expression can be omitted. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>除了写汉字, 昨天晚上我还看了课文。</para></entry><entry><para>Besides writing characters, I also read the text last night.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>昨天的晚会, 除了酒, 茶和咖啡我都没有喝。</para></entry><entry><para>Except for wine, I did drink neither tea nor coffee at yesterday's party. </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77467_1993127563"/>4.Time word +就 vs. time word +才:</title>
- <para>In a sentence, 就 and 才 can be placed after the time word and before the verb to indicate the speaker’s point of view as to whether the event expressed by the verb is later or earlier than expected. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="1,8"><tbody><row><entry><para>我五岁就开始学中文。</para></entry><entry><para>At the age of five I began to learn Chinese. (earlier than expected)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我五岁才开始学中文。</para></entry><entry><para>Only at the age of five did I began to learn Chinese. (later than expected)</para></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>她明天就可以走。</para></entry><entry><para>She can leave as early as tomorrow.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她明天才可以走。 </para></entry><entry><para>She can’t leave until tomorrow.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that time word, sometimes can also be an event which take place first. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="1,8"><tbody><row><entry><para>我吃了饭(以後) 就去。</para></entry><entry><para>After eating, I will go right away.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我吃了饭(以後)才去。</para></entry><entry><para>I won’t go until I eat.</para></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c2"><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>他来了(以後)就打电话。</para></entry><entry><para>As soon as he came, he made phone calls.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他来了(以後)才打电话。</para></entry><entry><para>He did not call until he came.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that, there is always a aspectual particle 了placed after the first verb, which indicates the first event completes, before the second event takes place.</para>
- <para>Summary:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="5"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para>Time phrase</para></entry><entry><para>Adverb 就/才</para></entry><entry><para>Verb phrase</para></entry><entry><para>English translation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我妈妈</para></entry><entry><para>1995年</para></entry><entry><para> 就</para></entry><entry><para> 来这儿了。</para></entry><entry><para>My Mom came hear as early as 1995.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我弟弟</para></entry><entry><para>昨天晚上很晚</para></entry><entry><para>才</para></entry><entry><para> 回来。</para></entry><entry><para> My younger brother did not come home until late last night.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我</para></entry><entry><para>看了新闻</para></entry><entry><para>就</para></entry><entry><para> 去上课。</para></entry><entry><para>I will go to class as soon as I watch the news.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她</para></entry><entry><para>去了邮局</para></entry><entry><para>才</para></entry><entry><para> 跟我一起去找 车老师。 </para></entry><entry><para>He did not go with me to look for Teacher Che until he went to the post office.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77469_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77471_1993127563"/>1.The Perfect Aspect and the aspectual particle 了:</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你哥哥走了吗？没有, 他在门口等你。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天的新闻你听了没有？听了。没有意思。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你说要给妈妈打个电话。你打了没有？才六点半。我想晚上八点打。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她吃了什麽？她吃了你作的点心。她说很好吃。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你学会了这个汉字吗？还没呢。我只会写这个字, 不会用这个字。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>电影开始了吗？开始了。你上楼去看吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>在中国, 你参观了几个博物馆？在北京, 我就去了三个博物馆。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她翻译的书多不多？她一共翻译了两本书。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>喝了酒不能开车。那谁开呢？我开。今晚我没有喝酒。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>。我尝了尝他介绍的茅台酒。真不错。你也试试吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ gēge zŏu le ma？Méi yŏu. Tā zài ménkŏu dĕng nĭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān de xīnwén nĭ tīng le méi yŏu？Tīng le. Méi yŏu yìsi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ shuō nĭ yào gĕi māma dă ge diànhuà. Nĭ dă le méi yŏu？Xiànzài cái liù diăn. Wŏ xiăng wănshàng bā diăn dă.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā chī le shénme？Tā chī le nĭ zuò de diănxīn. Tā shuō hĕn hăo chī.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ xuéhuì le zhè ge Hànzì ma？Hái méi ne. Wŏ zhĭ huì xiĕ zhè ge zì, bú huì yòng zhè ge zì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Diànyĭng kāishĭ le ma？Kāishĭ le. Nĭ shàng lóu qù kàn ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zài Zhōngguó, nĭ cānguān le jĭ ge bówùguăn？Zài Bĕijīng, wŏ jiù qù le sān ge bówùguăn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā fānyì de shū duō bù duō？Tā yìgòng fānyì le liăng bĕn shū.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Hē le jiŭ bù néng kāi chē. Nà shéi kāi ne？Wŏ kāi. Jīnwăn wŏ méi hē jiŭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ cháng le cháng tā jièshào de máotái jiŭ. Zhēn búcuò. Nĭ yĕ shìshi ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Has your older brother left？No. He is waiting for you at the gate.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Have you listened to today's news？Yes. (They) are not interesting.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You said that you want to make a call to your Mom. Have you done that yet？It is only six now. I want to call her at eight tonight.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>What did she eat？She ate the deserts you made. She said (they are) delicious.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Have you learned this character？Not yet. I only know how to write the character, but don't know how to use it.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Has the movie started？Yes. You go upstairs to watch it.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many museums have you visited in China？I visited three museums in Beijing alone.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Has she translated a lot of books？She altogether translated two books.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>(You) can't drive after the drinking. So, who will drive？I will. I didn't drink tonight.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>I have a taste of the Maotai he recommended. (It) is really good. You have a try.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77473_1993127563"/>2.The expression 除了...以外, ..还/也...and 除了...以外, ...都...：</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我认识这个字。我也认识那五个字。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我买了这本书。我也买车老师和古老师介绍的书。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>在北京我去了故宫, 还参观了很多很有意思的博物馆。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个房子有三个洗澡间。一楼 有一个, 二楼有两个。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我妹妹想当作家, 也想当翻译。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>每个星期, 我星期三去医院当义工, 星期一, 星期 五我在图书馆打工。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个系的老师我都认识。可是我不认识教书法的那个老师。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他们今天晚上都会来参加舞会。在三楼住的车先生不会来。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我弟弟有车。我哥哥, 我爸爸, 我妈妈, 我也都有车。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>语言实验室每天都有很多听录音的学生。星期天听录音的学生不多。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>除了这个字(以外), 我还认识那五个字。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>除了这本书(以外), 我还买了车老师和古老师介绍的书。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>在北京除了故宫(以外), 我也参观了很多很有意思的博物馆。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个房子除了一楼有一个洗澡间(以外), 二楼还有两个洗澡间。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我妹妹除了想当作家(以外), 也想当翻译。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>每个星期, 除了星期三去医院当义工以外, 星期一, 星期五我还在图书馆打工。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>除了教书法的那个老师(以外), 这个系的老师我都认识。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>除了在三楼住的车先生(以外), 他们今天晚上都会来参加舞会。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>除了我弟弟(以外), 我哥哥, 我爸爸, 我妈妈, 和我也有车。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>语言实验室除了星期天以外, 每天都有很多听录音的学生。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chúle zhè ge zì (yĭwài), wŏ hái rènshi nà wŭ ge zì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chúle zhè bĕn shū (yĭwài), wŏ hái măi le Chē lăoshī hé Gŭ lăoshī jièshào de shū.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zài Bĕijīng chúle Gùgōng (yĭwài), wŏ yĕ cānguān le hĕn duō hĕn yŏu yìsi de bówùguăn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè ge fángzi chúle yì lóu yŏu yì ge xĭzăojiān (yĭwài), èr lóu hái yŏu liăng ge xĭzăojiān.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ mèimei chúle xiăng dāng zuòjiā yĭwài, yĕ xiăng dāng fānyì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mĕi ge xīngqī, chúle xīngqī sān qù yīyuàn dāng yìgōng yĭwài, xīngqī yī, xīngqī wŭ wŏ hái zài túshūguăn dă gōng.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chúle jiāo shūfă de nà ge lăoshī (yĭwài), zhè ge xì de lăoshī wŏ dōu rènshi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chúle zài sān lóu zhù de Chē xiānsheng (yĭwài), tāmen jīntiān wănshàng dōu huì lái cānjiā wŭhuì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Chúle wŏ dìdi (yĭwài), wŏ gēge, wŏ bàba, wŏ māma, hé wŏ yĕ yŏu chē.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yŭyán shìyànshi chúle xīngqī tiān yĭwài, mĕi tiān dōu yŏu hĕn duō tīng lùyīn de xuésheng. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Besides this character, I also know those five characters.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Besides this book, I also bought the books recommended by Teacher Che and Teacher Gu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>In Beijing I also visited many interesting museums besides the Forbidden City.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Besides the bathroom in the first floor, this house has two other bathrooms on the second floor.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Besides wishing to be a writer, my younger sister also wants to be an interpreter.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Every week, besides going to the hospital to be a volunteer on Wednesday, I also work in the library on Monday and Friday.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Except the teacher who teaches calligraphy, I know all the teachers in the department.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Except Mr. Che who lives on the third floor, all of them will come to the dance party tonight.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Besides my younger brother, my older brother, my Dad, my Mom and I, all have cars.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>There are a lot of students listening to the recording in the language lab except Sundays.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77475_1993127563"/>3.Time word +就 vs. time word +才:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我小的时候就喜欢中国文化, 可是我上了大学以後才开始学中文。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她会说法文不是偶然的。她五岁就跟她妈妈学法语了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你明年七月才去台湾吗？我早就想去, 可是我明年才有时间。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小京在家吗？你现在才来。他九点就出发了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天晚上我有很多作业要作, 所以一点才睡觉。可是睡得不好, 今天六点一刻就起来了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你怎麽还在这儿呢？我买了菜就走。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他昨天来了一下就走了。他几点到这儿？他说他吃了饭就开车来这儿, 可是他八点三刻才到这儿。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ xiăo de shìhòu jiù xĭhuan Zhōngguó wénhuà, kĕshì wŏ shàng le dàxué yĭhòu cái kāishĭ xué Zhōngwén. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā huì shuō Făwén bú shì ŏurán de. Tā wŭ suì jiù gēn tā māma xué Făyŭ le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ mìngnián qī yuè cái qù Táiwān ma？Wŏ zăo jiù xiăng qù, kĕshì wŏ mìngnián cái yŏu shìjiān.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiăo Jīng zài jiā ma？Nĭ xiànzài cái lái. Tā jiŭ diăn jiù chūfā le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān wănshàng wŏ yŏu hĕn duō zuòyè yào zuò, suŏyĭ yì diăn cái shuìjiào. Kĕshì shuì de bù hăo, jīntiān liù diăn yí kè jiù qĭlái le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ zĕnme hái zài zhèr ne？Wŏ măi le cài jiù zŏu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā zuótiān lái le yíxià jiù zŏu le. Tā jĭ diăn dào zhèr？Tā shuō tā chī le fàn jiù kāi chē lái zhèr, kĕshì tā bā diăn sān kè cái dào zhèr. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>I like Chinese culture even when I was little, but I began to learn Chinese only when I attended college.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>It is not accidental that she can speak French. She leaned the language from her Mom when she was only five.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You won't go to Taiwan until next July, right？I wanted to go long ago, but I only have time next year.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is Xiao Jing at home？You finally came now. (Why didn't come early?) He left (as early as) at nine.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Last night I had a lot of homework to do, so (I) did not go to bed until one. But (I) did not sleep well. Today I got up at six fifteen (so early)!</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Why are you still here？I'll leave as soon as I buy the vegetables.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yesterday he dropped in for a moment and left. When did he get here. He said he drove here as soon as he had the diner, but he did not arrive here until eight forty-five.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77477_1993127563"/>Lesson 28</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77479_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77481_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>I applied for visa to China</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Shihai: Ding, yesterday morning I called you, and you were not here. Where were you?</para>
- <para>Renmei: I went to the Chinese Consulate in New York to apply for visas. (I) was busy the whole day.</para>
- <para>Shihai: Isn’t the Chinese Embassy in Washington D.C.？How come you went to New York?</para>
- <para>Renmei: The one in D.C. is the Embassy; the one in New York is the Consulate. You can apply a visa in the Consulate, and you can also apply a visa in the embassy.</para>
- <para>Shihai: Now I understand it. So, how many Chinese embassies and how many consulates are there in the United States?</para>
- <para>Renmei: I know there is only one embassy, and ( it ) is in D.C.. As far as consulates, there is one in New York, one in California, and there is another one in Texas. I don’t know whether there are any others in others places.</para>
- <para>Shihai: Then, where to apply for a visa if ( one wants to) go to Taiwan?</para>
- <para>Renmei: To go to Taiwan, ( one ) needs to apply the visa in Taiwan’s Foreign Affairs Office in the Unites States. I know that there is such an office in both D.C. and New York.</para>
- <para>Shihai: I plan to visit Taiwan next year.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Really？Have you had your passport ready yet?</para>
- <para>Shihai: I’m in the process of applying. Oh, yes, yesterday I called you because I wanted to invite you and Xueyou to a ball game.</para>
- <para>Renmei: What kind of game?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Football game.</para>
- <para>Renmei: American football or European football?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Of course European football. I and you and Xueyou, we have been friends for many years. How can I not know what you guys like and what you guys don’t like？You were not home. I had no choice but to invite David and other guys.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Who played with whom？And who won?</para>
- <para>Shihai: New Jersey team played with Texas team. One to one tied. No (one) lost and (no) one won either.</para>
- <para>Renmei: A tied game (no win no lose), no fun.</para>
- <para>Shihai: Who says it’s no fun.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77483_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para/>
- <para>我去纽约领馆办签证了</para>
- <para/>
- <para>世海 : 小丁, 昨天上午我给你打电话, 你不在。你上哪儿去了？</para>
- <para>人美 : 我去纽约的中国领馆办签证了。整整忙了一天。</para>
- <para>世海 : 中国领馆不是在华盛顿吗？你怎麽去纽约了？</para>
- <para>人美 : 华盛顿的是大使馆。纽约的是领馆。你可以在大使馆办签证, 也可以在领馆办签证。</para>
- <para>世海 : 原来是这麽回事。那麽, 中国在美国有几个大使馆, 几个领馆呢？</para>
- <para>人美 : 我知道中国大使馆就一个, 在华盛顿；领馆嘛, 纽约有一个；加州有一个；德州也有一个。别的地方还有没有, 我就不知道了。</para>
- <para>世海 : 那麽, 去台湾要到哪儿签证呢？</para>
- <para>人美 : 去台湾得到台湾驻美国办事处办签证。我知道华盛顿和纽约都有台湾办事处。</para>
- <para>世海 : 我想明年去台湾看看。</para>
- <para>人美 : 是吗？那你申请了护照了吗？</para>
- <para>世海 : 正在申请呢。对了, 昨天我打电话找你, 是因为我想请你和学友看球赛。</para>
- <para>人美 : 看什麽球赛？</para>
- <para>世海 : 足球赛。</para>
- <para>人美 : 美式的还是欧式的？</para>
- <para>世海 : 当然是欧式的。我跟你还有学友, 我们是多年的老朋友了。你们喜欢什麽不喜欢什麽, 我还不知道吗？你们不在, 我就只好请大为他们了。</para>
- <para>人美 : 谁和谁赛？谁赢了？</para>
- <para>世海 : 纽泽西队和德州队赛。一比一平。没输, 也没赢。</para>
- <para>人美 : 没输没赢, 一定没有意思。</para>
- <para>世海 : 谁说没有意思？</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77485_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>我去紐約領館辦簽證了</para>
- <para/>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 小丁, 昨天上午我給你打電話, 你不在。你上哪兒去了？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 我去紐約的中國領館辦簽證了。整整忙了一天。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 中國領館不是在華盛頓嗎？你怎麼去紐約了？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 華盛頓的是大使館。紐約的是領館。你可以在大使館辦簽證, 也可以在領館辦簽證。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 原來是這麼回事。那麼, 中國在美國有幾個大使館, 幾個領館呢？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 我知道中國大使館就一個, 在華盛頓；領館嘛, 紐約有一個；加州有一個；德州也有一個。別的地方還有沒有, 我就不知道了。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 那麼, 去台灣要到哪兒簽證呢？</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 去台灣得到台灣駐美國辦事處辦簽證。我知道華盛頓和紐約都有台灣辦事處。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 我想明年去台灣看看。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 是嗎？那你申請了護照了嗎？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 正在申請呢。對了, 昨天我打電話找你, 是因為我想請你和學友看球賽。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 看什麼球賽？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 足球賽。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 美式的還是歐式的？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 當然是歐式的。我跟你還有學友, 我們是多年的老朋友了。你們喜歡什麼不喜歡什麼, 我還不知道嗎？你們不在, 我就只好請大為他們了。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 誰和誰賽？誰贏了？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 紐澤西隊和德州隊賽。一比一平。沒輸, 也沒贏。</para>
- <para>人美 ﹕ 沒輸沒贏, 一定沒有意思。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 誰說沒有意思？</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77487_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Wŏ qù Niŭyuē Lĭngguăn Bàn Qiānzhèng le </para>
- <para/>
- <para> Shìhăi: Xiăo Dīng, zuótiān shàngwŭ wŏ gĕi nĭ dă dinhuà, nĭ bú zài. Nĭ shàng năr qù le?</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Wŏ qù Niŭyuē Zhōngguó lĭngguăn bàn qiānzhèng le. Zhĕngzhĕng máng le yìtiān.</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Zhōngguó lĭngguăn búshì zài Huáshèngdùn ma？Nĭ zĕnme qù Niŭyuē le?</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Huáshèngdùn de shì dàshĭguăn, Niŭyuē de shì lĭngguăn. Nĭ kĕyĭ zài dàshĭguăn bàn qiānzhèng, yĕ kĕyĭ zài lĭngguăn bàn qiānzhèng.</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Yuánlái shì zhème huí shì. Nàme, Zhōngguó zài Mĕiguó yŏu jĭgè dàshìguăn, jĭgè lĭngguăn ne?</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Wŏ zhīdào Zhōngguó dàshĭguăn jiù yīgè zài Huáshèngdùn; lĭngguăn ma, Niŭyuē yŏu yígè. Jiāzhōu yŏu yígè. Dézhōu yĕ yŏu yígè. Biéde dìfāng hái yŏu méiyŏu, wŏ jiù bù zhīdào le.</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Nàme, qù Táiwān yào dào năr qiānzhèng ne?</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Qù Táiwān dĕi dào Táiwān zhù Mĕiguó bànshìchù bàn qiānzhèng. Wŏ zhīdào Huáshèngdùn hé Niŭyuē dōu yŏu Táiwān bànshìchù.</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Wŏ dăsuàn míngnián qù Táiwān kànkan.</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Shìma？Nà nĭ shēnqĭng le hùzhào le ma?</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Zhèngzài shēnqĭng ne. Duìle, zuótiān wŏ dă diànhuà zhăo nĭ, yīngwèi wŏ xiăng qĭng nĭ hé Xuéyŏu kàn qiúsài.</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Kàn shénme qiúsài?</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Zúqiú sài.</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Mĕishì de háishì ōushì de?</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Dāngrán shì ōushì de. Wŏ gēn nĭ háiyŏu Xuéyŏu, wŏmen shì duōnián de lăopéngyou le. Nĭmen xĭhuān shénme bù xĭhuān shénme, wŏ hái bùzhīdào ma？Nĭmen bú zài, wŏ jiù zhĭhăo qĭng Dàwéi tāmen le.</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Shuí hé shuí sài？Shuí yíng le?</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Niŭzéxī duì hé Dézhōu duì sài. Yī bĭ yī píng. Méi yíng, yĕ méi shū.</para>
- <para> Rénmĕi: Méi shū méi yíng, yídìng méiyŏu yìsi:</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Shuí shuō méiyŏu yìsi?</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77489_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77491_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>They got the visa for China</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Ding and her boy friend will go to Peking University to attend a short term language training class this summer vocation. So, yesterday they went to the Chinese Consulate in New York to apply for visas. They set out at ten o’clock in the morning. They did not get to New York until eleven forty. They altogether spent one hour and forty minutes on the road. There were a lot of people at the Consulate applying for visas. Ding and Xueyou got to the visa window only after standing in the line for about an hour. The consul who handled Ding and Xueyou’s application is a woman, whose) last name is Zhang, (and she ) was quite nice.</para>
- <para>Consul Zhang Asked Ding why she wanted to go to study in China. Ding answered that the facilities in the United States were good, and the teachers taught very well. But the opportunities of speaking Chinese were not many. Except asking questions and answering questions in the class, there were almost no chance of using Chinese in daily life. So, (she) wanted very much to take advantage of the summer vocation to go to Beijing. In this way, besides learning Chinese, (she) can also know about the Chinese society. Ding said that she hoped that consul would support her plan and grand her visa to go to China.</para>
- <para>When (they) got out of the consulate, it was already three in the afternoon. From ten o’clock in the morning to three o’clock in the afternoon, Ding and Xueyou were fully occupied for five hours. (they) did not eat, neither did (they) drink. Although Ding and Xueyou were both hungry and tired, they were very happy, because they got the visas and would go and visit China very soon. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77493_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>他们拿到了去中国的签证</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁和她的男朋友今年暑假要去北京大学参加一个短期语言训练班, 所以, 昨天他们到纽约中国领馆办签证。他们早上十点出发, 十一点四十才到纽约。路上一共花了一小时四十分钟。在领馆办签证的人很多。小丁和学友排了快一个小时的队才来到签证窗口。给小丁和学友办签证的领事是个女的, 姓张, 很热情。</para>
- <para>张领事问小丁为什麽要去中国留学。小丁回答说美国大学的设备很好, 老师教得也很好, 但是说中文的机会不多。除了在课上用中文问问题, 回答问题以外, 平常几乎没有用中文的机会, 所以很想利用暑假去北京, 这样, 除了学习中文以外, 还可以了解一下中国社会。小丁说她希望领事能支持她的计划, 给她去中国的签证。</para>
- <para>从领馆出来的时候, 已经下午三点了。从上午十点到下午三点, 小丁和学友忙了整整五个小时。饭也没有吃, 水也没有喝。虽然小丁和学友又累又饿, 但是他们很高兴, 因为他们拿到了签证, 很快就可以去中国了。</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77495_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>他們拿到了去中國的簽證</para>
- <para>小丁和她的男朋友今年暑假要去北京大學參加一個短期語言訓練班, 所以, 昨天他們到紐約中國領館辦簽證。他們早上十點出發, 十一點四十才到紐約。路上一共花了一小時四十分鐘。在領館辦簽證的人很多。小丁和學友排了快一個小時的隊才來到簽證窗口。給小丁和學友辦簽證的領事是個女的, 姓張, 很熱情。</para>
- <para>張領事問小丁為什麼要去中國留學。小丁回答說美國大學的設備很好, 老師教得也很好, 但是說中文的機會不多。除了在課上用中文問問題, 回答問題以外, 平常幾乎沒有用中文的機會, 所以很想利用暑假去北京, 這樣, 除了學習中文以外, 還可以了解一下中國社會。小丁說她希望領事能支持她的計劃, 給她去中國的簽證。</para>
- <para>從領館出來的時候, 已經下午三點了。從上午十點到下午三點, 小丁和學友忙了整整五個小時。飯也沒有吃, 水也沒有喝。雖然小丁和學友又累又餓, 但是他們很高興, 因為他們拿到了簽證, 很快就可以去中國了。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77497_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para> </para>
- <para>Tā men nádào le qù Zhōngguó de qiānzhèng</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Xiăo Dīng hé tāde nán péngyŏu jīnnián shŭjià yào qù Bĕijīng Dàxué cānjiā yígè duănqī yŭyán xùnliàn bān, suŏyĭ, zuótiān tāmen dào NiŭyuēZhōngguólĭngguăn bàn qiānzhèng. Tāmen zăoshàng shídiăn chūfā, shíyīdiăn sìshícái dào Niŭyuē. Lùshàng yígòng huāle yìxiăoshísìshífēnzhōng. Zài lĭngguăn bàn qiānzhèng de rén hĕn duō. Xiăo Dīng héXuéyŏu pái le kuài yígèxiăoshíde duì cái lái dào qiānzhèng chuāngkŏu. Gĕi Xiăo Dīng hé Xuéyŏu bàn qiānzhèng de lĭngshì shì gè nŭde, xìng Zhāng, hĕn rèqíng.</para>
- <para>Zhāng lĭngshì wèn Xiăo Dīng wèishénme yào qù Zhōngguó liú xué. Xiăo Dīng huídá shuō Mĕiguó dàxué de shèbèi hĕn hăo, lăoshī jiāo de yĕ hĕn hăo, dànshì shuō Zhōngwén de jīhuì bù duō. Chúle zài kèshàng yòng Zhōngwén tí wèntí huí dá wèntí yĭwài, píngcháng jĭhu méiyou yòng Zhōngwén de jīhuì, Suŏyĭ hĕnxiăng lìyòng shŭjià qù Bĕijīng, zhèyàng, chúle xuéxí Zhōngwén yĭwài, hái kĕyĭ liăojiĕ yíxià Zhōnguó shèhuì Xiăo Dīng shuō tā xīwàng lĭngshì néng zhīchí tāde jìhuà gĕi tā qù Zhōngguó de qiānzhèng.</para>
- <para>Cóng lĭngguăn chūlái de shíhòu, yĭjīng xiàwŭ sāndiăn le. Cóng shàngwŭ shídiăn dào xiàwŭ sān diăn, Xiăo Dīng hé Xuéyŏu máng le zhĕngzheng wŭ gè xiăoshí. Fàn yĕ méiyŏu chī shuĭ yĕ méiyŏu hē. Suīrán Xiăo Dīng hé Xuéyŏu yòu lèi yòu è, dànshì tāmen hĕn gāoxìng, yīnwèi tānmen nádào le qiānzhèng, hĕn kuài jiù kĕyĭ qù Zhōngguó le. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77499_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>领馆</para></entry><entry><para>lĭngguăn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>consulate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>签证</para></entry><entry><para>qiānzhèng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>visa</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>大使馆</para></entry><entry><para>dàshĭguăn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>embassy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>办事处</para></entry><entry><para>bànshìchù</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>business office</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>护照</para></entry><entry><para>hùzhào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>passport</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>球赛</para></entry><entry><para>qiúsài</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>ball game</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>足球</para></entry><entry><para>zúqiú</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>football</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>式</para></entry><entry><para>shì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> style</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>训练班</para></entry><entry><para>xùnliàn bān</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>training class</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>分钟</para></entry><entry><para>fēnzhōng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>minute</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>小时</para></entry><entry><para>xiăoshí</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>hour</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>钟头</para></entry><entry><para>zhōngtóu</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>hour</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>队</para></entry><entry><para>duì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> team</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>窗口</para></entry><entry><para>chuāngkŏu</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>window</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>领事</para></entry><entry><para>lĭngshì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>consul</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>设备</para></entry><entry><para>shèbèi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>facility</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>暑假</para></entry><entry><para>shŭjià</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>summer vacation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>社会</para></entry><entry><para>shèhuì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>society</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>计划</para></entry><entry><para>jìhuà</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>plan</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>华盛顿</para></entry><entry><para>Huáshèngdùn</para></entry><entry><para>place n.</para></entry><entry><para>Washington</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>加州</para></entry><entry><para>Jiāzhōu</para></entry><entry><para>place n.</para></entry><entry><para>California</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>德州</para></entry><entry><para>Dézhōu</para></entry><entry><para>place n.</para></entry><entry><para>Texas</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>办</para></entry><entry><para>bàn</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to handle</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>驻</para></entry><entry><para>zhù</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to reside</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>申请</para></entry><entry><para>shēnqĭng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to apply for</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>赢</para></entry><entry><para>yíng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to win</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>输</para></entry><entry><para>shū</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to lose</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>平</para></entry><entry><para>píng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to tie </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>排(队)</para></entry><entry><para>pái (duì)</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to line up</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>支持</para></entry><entry><para>zhīchí</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to support</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>热情</para></entry><entry><para>rèqíng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>enthusiastic</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>累</para></entry><entry><para>lèi</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>tired</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>饿</para></entry><entry><para>è</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>hungry</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>短期</para></entry><entry><para>duănqī</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>short term</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>整整</para></entry><entry><para>zhĕngzhĕng</para></entry><entry><para>adj. adv.</para></entry><entry><para>Whole entire</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>几乎</para></entry><entry><para>jĭhū</para></entry><entry><para>Adv.</para></entry><entry><para>almost</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>比</para></entry><entry><para>bĭ</para></entry><entry><para>prep.</para></entry><entry><para>To compare to, than</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77501_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77503_1993127563"/>1.The time-measure complement:</title>
- <para>A word or phrase attached to a verb or adjective predicate to complete the meaning is known as a complement. A time-measure complement is a time phrase such as 一天, 一个星期, 三十分钟, 五个小时, which follows the verb to indicate the duration of the action. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我要看五个小时。</para></entry><entry><para>I will watch for five hours.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他吃了半个小时。</para></entry><entry><para>He ate for half an hour.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她姐姐看电视看了一天。</para></entry><entry><para>Her older sister watched TV for a day.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我听新闻要听二十分钟。</para></entry><entry><para>I will listen to the news for twenty minutes.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that:</para>
- <para>(1). An auxiliary verb such as 要, 想 can be used to express the intent: 我要看五个小时。</para>
- <para>(2). Aspectual particle 了can be used to express the completed aspect: 他吃了半个小时。</para>
- <para>(3). When the verb has an object, </para>
- <para>a) the verb has to be repeated: </para>
- <para> 她姐姐看电视看了一天。 我听新闻要听二十分钟。</para>
- <para>b)you can also treat the object and the complement as a unit of quantified object, and structure the sentence thus:</para>
- <para> 她姐姐看了一天的电视。</para>
- <para> 我要听二十分钟的新闻。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(4). To question the duration of the action such questions as 多久, 多长时间, 几天, 几个小时 can be used. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>你要听多久？</para></entry><entry><para>How long will you listen?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她想了多长的时间？</para></entry><entry><para>How long has she been thinking?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他弟弟作作业作了多长时间？</para></entry><entry><para>How long did his younger brother work on the homework?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你去中国要去几个星期？</para></entry><entry><para>How many weeks will you be in China?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你要坐几个小时的火车？</para></entry><entry><para>How many hours’ train will you take?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77505_1993127563"/>2. Model Particle 了:</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Model particle 了is also known as “sentence particle 了”. Unlike the aspectual 了 , which comes after the verb, model particle is always found at the end of the sentence. The model particle 了can be used to express various different shade of meaning. In the previous lessons, we have encountered “太...了” pattern. In this pattern, model particle了 works with the adverb 太 to indicate excessiveness. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>这本书太贵了。</para></entry><entry><para>This book is too expensive.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>汉字太难了。</para></entry><entry><para>Chinese characters are too difficult.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>In this lesson, we learn to use model particle to indicate that the event expressed in the narrative sentence has already taken place or accomplished. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>小张呢？她去实验室了。</para></entry><entry><para>Where is Zhang？She has gone to the lab.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你已经买了五张光碟了。你还想买。不行。</para></entry><entry><para>You have already bought five CD. You want more (You still want to buy). No.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that: </para>
- <para>(1) Both aspectual 了and model 了can be present in a sentence. 你已经买了五张光碟了。</para>
- <para>(2) But when 了comes after the verb and at the end of the sentence as well, it functions both as an aspectual and model particle. For example: </para>
- <para> 她来了。</para>
- <para> 我吃了。</para>
- <para>(3) The model particle can be used to indicate that the action or event referred to is something which took place in the past, but past happenings do not always take the model particle. </para>
- <para>Compare the below two sentences:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我去看他的时候, 他在打电话呢。</para></entry><entry><para>When I went to see him, he was making the call.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我去看他的时候, 他打了电话了。</para></entry><entry><para>When I went to see him, he had made the call.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>(4) The negative form of the sentence with model particle 了 indicating accomplished event is made by putting the adverb 没(有 ) in front of the verb and at the same time dropping the 了. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>她买书了, 没有买词典。</para></entry><entry><para>She bought books, (but) did not buy the dictionary.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>To form a question, you can add 吗 or 没有 at the end of the sentence. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>你看了那个电影了吗？</para></entry><entry><para>Did you see the movie?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他回家了没有？</para></entry><entry><para>Did he go home?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>To form an affirmative-negative question, you can juxtapose the affirmative and negative form.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>你吃没吃饭？</para></entry><entry><para>Did you eat or not?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她去没去参加音乐会？</para></entry><entry><para>Did she go to the concert or not?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Summary:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="6"><tbody><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>Subject</para></entry><entry><para> Negation</para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>Object</para></entry><entry><para>Particle</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Affirmative</para></entry><entry><para>我妈妈</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>去</para></entry><entry><para>商店</para></entry><entry><para>了。</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Negative</para></entry><entry><para>她</para></entry><entry><para>没有</para></entry><entry><para>买</para></entry><entry><para>那本词典。</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>Question</para></entry><entry><para>你</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>去</para></entry><entry><para>签证</para></entry><entry><para>了吗？了没(有)？</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>Affirmative- Negative</para></entry><entry><para> 你哥哥</para></entry><entry><para>喝没</para></entry><entry><para>喝</para></entry><entry><para>你作的汤？</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77507_1993127563"/>3. Sequential actions:</title>
- <para>We came across such a sentence pattern 我吃了饭就去 in Lesson 27. In this sentence there were two actions taking place: action 1 吃 ; action 2去 . Action 1 吃 takes place before action 2 去, so it has an aspectual particle 了right after the verb 吃 to indicate that the action 2 去 takes place only after action 1 is accomplished. Let’s see some more examples:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>他看了电视 看书。</para></entry><entry><para>He watches TV (then) reads books.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你买了那本书(就)去上课。</para></entry><entry><para>You buy that book (first), (then) go to class.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Summary:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="7"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><colspec colnum="6" colname="c6"/><colspec colnum="7" colname="c7"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject </para></entry><entry><para>Verb</para></entry><entry><para>了</para></entry><entry><para> + (object)</para></entry><entry><para>(就)</para></entry><entry><para>Verb2</para></entry><entry><para>+ (object) </para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 她 </para></entry><entry><para>买 </para></entry><entry><para>了 </para></entry><entry><para>书 </para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>回 </para></entry><entry><para>家。</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that this pattern can be used to refer to events that either talk about future plans or habitual behaviors. If one wants to talk about the events that happened in the past, one should add model particle了 at the end of the sentence. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>昨天她看了电影就回家了。 </para></entry><entry><para>Yesterday she saw a movie (then) went home.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>上午我下了课去咖啡馆。</para></entry><entry><para> This morning after got out of the class I went to the coffee house.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Summary:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="8"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><colspec colnum="5" colname="c5"/><colspec colnum="6" colname="c6"/><colspec colnum="7" colname="c7"/><colspec colnum="8" colname="c8"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Subject </para></entry><entry><para>Verb1</para></entry><entry><para>了</para></entry><entry><para> + (object)</para></entry><entry><para>(就)</para></entry><entry><para>Verb2</para></entry><entry><para>+ (object) </para></entry><entry><para>了 </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>她</para></entry><entry><para>买</para></entry><entry><para>了</para></entry><entry><para>书</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>回</para></entry><entry><para>家</para></entry><entry><para>了。</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77509_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77511_1993127563"/>1.The time-measure complement:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天晚上你睡了几个小时？我睡了七个钟头, 可是我还觉得累。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我爸爸妈妈在北京呆了两个月, 去了五个城市, 参观了无数的博物馆。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>上大学的时候, 我在医院当了几年的义工, 认识了不少大夫。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>从这儿到华盛顿坐火车要坐几个小时？我不知道, 你问他吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天他念了几个钟头的书？他只念了五分钟的书。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天上午我坐了 一个上午的火车。你去哪儿了？我去大使馆办签证了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她在这儿一共只学了三个月的中文就去台湾了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天上午老师没来。这些孩子整整玩了一个上午。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān nĭ shuì le jĭ ge xiăoshí？Wŏ shuì le qī ge zhōngtóu, kĕshì wŏ hái juéde lèi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ bàba māma zài Bĕijīng dāi le liăng ge yuè, qù le wŭ ge chéngshì, cánguān le wúshù de bówùguăn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shàng dàxué de shìhòu, wŏ zài yīyuàn dāng le jĭ nián de yìgōng, rènshi le bùshăo de dàifu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Cóng zhèr dào Huáshèngdùn zuò huŏchē yào zuò jĭ ge xiăoshì？Wŏ bù zhīdao, nĭ wèn tā ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān tā niàn le jĭ ge zhōngtóu de shū？Tā zhĭ niàn le wŭ fēnzhōng de shū.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān shàngwŭ wŏ zuò le yì ge shàngwŭ de huŏchē. Nĭ qù năr le？Wŏ qù dàshĭguăn bàn qiānzhèng le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā zài zhèr yígòng zhĭ xué le sān ge yuè de Zhōngwén jiù qù Táiwān le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān shàngwŭ lăoshī méi lái. Zhè xiē háizi zhĕngzhĕng wánr le yí ge shàngwŭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yesterday how many hour did you sleep？I slept for seven hours, but I still felt tired.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>My parents stayed in Beijing for two months; (they) had been to five cities, and visited numerous museums.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When I was in college, I was a volunteer in a hospital and met quite a few doctors.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many hours will it take by train from here to Washington？I don’t know. Ask him.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many hours did he study？He only studied for five minutes.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This morning I sat in a train for the whole morning. Where did you go？I went to the embassy to apply for a visa.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>She studied here only for three months before she left for Taiwan.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This morning the teacher did not come. These kids played for the entire morning.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77513_1993127563"/>2. Model Particle 了:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>上午你和你姐姐去哪儿了？我们去中国大使馆了。你们去那个新展览馆了吗？没有。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天晚上你看电影了没有？看了。你看了几个电影？我就看一个。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>星期天你看足球赛了吗？看了。你没看吗？没有。我太太不让我看。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你买没买那件上衣？没买。为什麽呢？那件上衣太贵了。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你喝没喝我作的鱼汤？喝了。怎么样？很不错。那麽, 你再喝一点吧。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小张在吗？她去训练班了。晚上才能回来。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你吃早饭了吗？没呢。那我们一起去吧。不行, 我现在没空。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天下午你跟张老师去实验室了吗？我去了, 张老师没去。你去的时候, 他在作什麽呢？他在跟学生说话呢。</para>
- <para/>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shàngwŭ nĭ hé nĭ jiĕjie qù năr le？Wŏmen qù Zhōngguó dàshĭguăn le. Nĭmen qù nàgè xīn zhănlănguăn le ma？Méi yŏu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān wănshàng nĭ kàn le diànyĭng méi yŏu？Kàn le. Nĭ kàn le jĭ ge diànyĭng？Wŏ jiù kàn yí ge.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xīngqī tiān nĭ kàn zúqiú sài le ma？Kàn le. Nĭ méi kàn ma？Méi yŏu. Wŏ tàitai bú ràng wŏ kàn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ măi méi măi nà jiàn shàngyī？ Méi măi. Wèishénme ne？Nà jiàn shàngyī tài guì le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ hē méi hē wŏ zuò de yútāng？Hē le. Zĕnmeyàng？Hĕn búcuò. Nàme, nĭ zài hē yì diănr ba.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiăo Zhāng zài ma？Tā qù xùnliàn bān le. Wănshàng cái néng huílái.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ chī zăofàn le ma？Méi ne. Nà wŏmen yìqĭ qù ba. Bù xìng, wŏ xiànzài méi kòngr.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān xiàwŭ nĭ gēn Zhāng lăoshī qù shìyànshì le ma？Wŏ qù le. Zhāng lăoshī méi qù. Nĭ qù de shìhòu, tā zài zuò shénme ne？Tā zài gēn xuésheng shuō huà ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where did you and sister go this morning？We went to the embassy. Did you go to the new exhibit hall？No.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Did you see movies last night？Yes. How many movies did you see？I only saw one.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Did you watch the football game on Sunday？Yes. You didn’t watch it？No. My wife would not allow me to watch (it).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Did you buy the jacket or not？No. Why？It was too expensive.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Did you taste the fish soup I made？Yes. How was it？Not bad. Then have some more.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Is Zhang in？She went to the training class. She won’t be back until tonight.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Did you have your breakfast？No yet. Let’s go together. No, I don’t have time now.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Did you go with Teacher Zhang to the lab this afternoon？I went, (but) Teacher Zhang didn’t. When you went, what was he doing？He was talking with students.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77515_1993127563"/>3.Sequential action:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天下了课你作什麽？我下了课去医院当义工。你要在那儿工作多久？我要工作半天。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天晚上你去哪儿了？我吃了饭就去图书馆了。我在那儿呆了一个晚上。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天下午你有空吗？下午什麽时候？下午三点左右我想问你几个语法问题。不行。下午三点我要去台湾驻美国办事处。去了办事处, 我要去看一个朋友。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>上个星期天上午我吃了饭就去纽约了, 所以你打电话的时候, 我不在。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天我参观了展览馆就去火车站接朋友了。那你为什麽没有告诉我呢？我在食堂等了你一个小时。真对不起。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān xià le kè nĭ zuò shénme？Wŏ xià le kè qù yīyuàn dāng yìgōng. Nĭ yào zài nàr gōngzuò duō jiŭ ？Wŏ yào gōngzuò bàn tiān.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān wănshàng nĭ qù năr le？Wŏ chī le fàn jiù qù túshūguăn le. Wŏ zài nàr dāi le yí ge wănshàng.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mìngtiān xiàwŭ nĭ yŏu kòng ma？Xiàwŭ shénme shíhou？Xiàwŭ sān diăn zuŏyòu. wŏ xiăng wèn nĭ jĭ ge yŭfă wèntì. Bù xìng. Xiàwŭ sān diăn wŏ yào qù Táiwān zhù Mĕiguó bànshìchù. Qù le Bànshìchù, wŏ yào qù kàn yì ge péngyou.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shàng ge xīngqī tiān shàngwŭ wŏ chī le fàn jiù qù Niŭyuē le, suŏyĭ nĭ dă diànhuà de shíhou, wŏ bú zài.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān wŏ cānguān le zhănlănguăn jiù qù huŏchē zhàn jiē péngyou le. Nà nĭ wèishénme méi yŏu gàosu wŏ ne？Wŏ zài shìtáng dĕng le nĭ yí ge xiăoshí, Zhēn duìbuqĭ. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>What do you do after class？After class I’ll go to hospital to volunteer. How long will you work there? I will work for half an hour.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where did you go last night？After eating the dinner I went to the library. I stayed there for the whole evening.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Will you have time tomorrow afternoon？What time in the afternoon？Around three. I want to ask you a few grammatical questions. No. Three in the afternoon I will go Taiwan’s Business Office in the United States. After going the Office, I will visit a friend.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Last Sunday after the breakfast I went to New York, so when you called, I was not in.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yesterday after visiting the exhibit, I went to the train station to pick up a friend. Then why didn’t you tell me？I waited for you in the dining hall for an hour.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77517_1993127563"/>4. 几乎没有时间/机会 V.+ (object) or 几乎没有 V.+ (object) 的时间/机会 = (almost don’t have the time/opportunity to...</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>这几天我很忙, 几乎没有时间睡觉/几乎没有睡觉的时间。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>老师教得很好, 可是在这儿我几乎没有机会说中文/我几乎没有说中文的机会。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>那儿的人太多了。她几乎没有机会跟那个新来的学生说话/她几乎没有跟那个新来的学生说话的机会。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我们在北京就呆了几天, 几乎没有机会去参观那些有名的博物馆/几乎没有参观那些有名的博物馆的机会。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>电影七点开始, 我们六点五十七分才到那儿, 几乎没有时间买票/几乎没有买票的时间。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè jĭ tiān wŏ hĕn máng, jĭhū méi yŏu shíjiān shuìjiào/jĭhū méi yŏu shuìjiào de shíjiān.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Lăoshī jiāo de hĕn hăo, kĕshì zài zhèr wŏ jĭhū méi yŏu jīhuì shuō Zhōngwén/Wŏ jĭhū méi yŏu shuō Zhōngwén de jīhuì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nàr de rén tài duō le. Tā jĭhū méi yŏu jīhuì gēn nà ge xīn lái de xuésheng shuō huà / tā jĭhū méi yŏu gēn nà ge xīn lái de xuésheng shuō huà de jīhuì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏmen zài Bĕijīng jiù dāi le jĭ tiān, jĭhū méi yŏu jīhuì qù cānguān nàxiē yŏumìng de bówùguăn/jĭhū méi yŏu cānguān nàxiē yŏumìng de bówùguăn de jīhuì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Diànyĭng qī diăn kāishĭ, wŏmen liù diăn wŭshì fēn cái dào nàr, jĭhū méi yŏu shíjiān măi piào/jĭhū méi yŏu măi piào de shíjiān.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>These days I have been quite busy. (I) almost don’t have the time to sleep.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The teachers teach well, but I almost do not have the opportunity to speak Chinese here.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>There were too many people there. She had almost no chance to talk to the students who just came.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>We stayed in Beijing only for few days. (We) almost didn’t have the time to visit those famous museums.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The movie started at seven. We arrived there at six fifty-seven. (We) almost had no time to buy tickets.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77519_1993127563"/>5.希望..能 = (hope that＿can/will)</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我很想去台湾看看。我希望明年能有机会。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这本书很难, 生词很多。希望你能帮助我。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>爸爸妈妈, 我想去中国学习, 希望你 们 能 支持我的计划。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这是我送你的生日礼物, 希望你能喜欢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我希望你能让我听你的课。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ hĕn xiăng qù Táiwān kànkan. Wŏ xīwàng mìngnián néng yŏu jīhuì.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè bĕn shū hĕn nán, shēngcì hĕn duō. Xīwàng nĭmen néng bāngzhù wŏ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Bàba māma, wŏ xiăng qù Zhōngguó xuéxí, xīwàng nĭ néng zhīchì wŏ de jìhuà.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè shì wŏ sòng nĭ de shēngrì lĭwù, xīwàng nĭ néng xĭhuan.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏ xīwàng nĭ néng ràng wŏ tīng nĭ de kè.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>I like it very much to visit Taiwan. I hope that (I) can have the opportunity next year.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This book is difficult. New vocabularies are many (there are many new vocabularies). Hope that you can help me.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Mom, Dad, I want to go to study in China. Hope that you can support my plan. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This is a gift for you (this is the gift I gave you). Hope that you will like (it).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>5.I hope that you will allow me to audit your class (to listen to your class).</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77521_1993127563"/>6. 已经 V.(O) 了 VS. 还没 V.(O)呢 = already (did) VS.did not (do) yet:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你们都懂了吗？他们已经懂了。我不行, 我还没懂呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>客人都来了吗？男的都已经来了, 女的都还没来呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你们三个吃饭了没有？我已经吃了, 他们俩还没吃呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你的中文作业都作了吗？语法作业我已经作了, 可是生词还没背呢。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>护照你们都申请了没有？爸爸妈妈护照已经申请了。我还没呢。这两天太忙了。</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭmen dōu dŏng le ma？Tāmen yĭjīng dŏng le. Wŏ bù xìng. Wŏ hái méi dŏng ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Kèrén dōu lái le ma？Nán de dōu yĭjīng lái le. Nǚ de dōu hái méi lái ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭmen sān ge chī fàn le méi yŏu？Wŏ yĭjīng chī le, Tāmen liăr hái méi chī ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ de Zhōngwén zuòyè dōu zuò le ma？Yŭfă zuòyè wŏ yĭjīng zuò le, kĕshì shēngcì hái méi bèi ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Hùzhào nĭmen dōu shēnqĭng le méi yŏu？Bàba māma hùzhào yĭngjīng shēnqĭng le. Wŏ hái méi ne. Zhè liăng tiān tài máng le. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Have you all understood (it)？They already did. I’m no good. I haven’t yet.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Have all the guests arrived？All of the male guests have already arrived. None of the female guests is here yet.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Have you three had food yet？I already did. They two haven’t yet.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are all your Chinese homework done yet？I already did the Grammar 语法 homework, but (I) haven’t memorized the vocabularies yet.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Have you all applied for the passports？My parents already did. I have not yet. These two days have been quite busy.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77523_1993127563"/>Lesson 29</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77525_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77527_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>The Plane Is about to Take off</para>
- <para/>
- <para> (At the Airport)</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Ding, look, David and Shihai are also here.</para>
- <para>Ding:David, Shihai, (you are) so busy. How come you guys have time to come?</para>
- <para>David: You are leaving for China soon. (You) will be gone for a year. It won’t be nice (if) we don’t come to say good-bye.</para>
- <para>Ding:Thank you.</para>
- <para>Shihai: Ding, the plane is going to take off. You are leaving for China. How do you feel?</para>
- <para>Ding:I feel both excited and sad.</para>
- <para>David: (Being) excited, I can understand, but, what are you sad about?</para>
- <para>Ding:We are about to part. I really don’t want to leave you guys.</para>
- <para>David: Don’t be sad. Next year we will go to China, too.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: When do you plan to go to China？We will definitely go and pick you up at the airport.</para>
- <para>David: I will go either next summer or autumn. Shihai has not made up his mind yet.</para>
- <para>Ding:Shihai, why?</para>
- <para>Shihai: This summer I have an opportunity to intern at the World Bank. I want to go to China, and I also want to intern in DC. That’s why I can’t make up my mind.</para>
- <para>Ding:Write to tell us when you make the decision. OK?</para>
- <para>Shihai: OK.</para>
- <para>David: The plane is about to take off. Get ready for the boarding.</para>
- <para>Shihai: Xueyou, Ding, wish you healthy and study well! Bon voyage!</para>
- <para>Xueyou, Ding: Thank you. Bye.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77529_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>飞机就要起飞了</para>
- <para/>
- <para> (在机场 )</para>
- <para>学友 : 小丁, 你看, 大为和世海也来了。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 大为, 世海, 这麽忙, 你们怎麽有空来？</para>
- <para>大为 : 你们就要去中国了, 一去就是一年。我们不来送别, 怎麽行？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 谢谢。</para>
- <para>世海 : 小丁, 飞机就要起飞了, 你们就要去中国了, 你觉得怎么样？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 我觉得又激动又难过。</para>
- <para>大为 : 激动, 我可以理解, 可是你难过什麽呢？</para>
- <para>小丁 : 我们就要分别了。我真不愿意离开你们。</para>
- <para>大为 : 别难过了。明年我们也要去中国。</para>
- <para>学友 : 你们打算什麽时候去中国？我们一定到机场接你们。</para>
- <para>大为 : 我明年夏天或者秋天去。世海还没决定呢。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 世海, 为什麽呢？</para>
- <para>世海 : 今年暑假我有一个在世界银行实习的机会。我又想去中国, 又想去华盛顿实习, 所以犹豫不决。</para>
- <para>小丁 : 决定了就写信告诉我们, 好吗？</para>
- <para>世海 : 好。</para>
- <para>大为 : 飞机就要起飞了, 你们准备准备, 上飞机吧。</para>
- <para>世海 : 学友, 小丁, 祝你们学习好, 身体健康！一路平安！</para>
- <para>学友, 小丁: 谢谢, 谢谢。再见！</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77531_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>飛機就要起飛了</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(在機場 )</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 小丁, 你看, 大為和世海也來了。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 大為, 世海, 這麼忙, 你們怎麼有空來？</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 你們就要去中國了, 一去就是一年。我們不來送別, 怎麼行？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 謝謝。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 小丁, 飛機就要起飛了, 你們就要去中國了, 你覺得怎么樣？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 我覺得又激動又難過。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 激動, 我可以理解, 可是你難過什麼呢？</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 我們就要分別了。我真不願意離開你們。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 別難過了。明年我們也要去中國。</para>
- <para>學友 ﹕ 你們打算什麼時候去中國？我們一定到機場接你們。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 我明年夏天或者秋天去。世海還沒決定呢。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 世海, 為什麼呢？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 今年暑假我有一個在世界銀行實習的機會。我又想去中國, 又想去華盛頓實習, 所以猶豫不決。</para>
- <para>小丁 ﹕ 決定了就寫信告訴我們, 好嗎？</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 好。</para>
- <para>大為 ﹕ 飛機就要起飛了, 你們準備準備, 上飛機吧。</para>
- <para>世海 ﹕ 學友, 小丁, 祝你們學習好, 身體健康！一路平安！</para>
- <para>學友, 小丁﹕ 謝謝, 謝謝。再見！</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77533_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Fēijī Jiùyào Qĭfēi le </para>
- <para/>
- <para>(Zài Jīchăng)</para>
- <para/>
- <para> Xuéyŏu: Xiăodīng, nĭ kàn, Dàwéi hé Shìhăi yĕ lái le.</para>
- <para> Dīng:Dàwéi, Shìhăi, zhème máng, nĭmen zĕnme yŏu kòng lái?</para>
- <para> Dàwéi: Nĭmen jiùyào qù Zhōngguó le. Yí qù jiùshì yìnián. Wŏmen bù lái sòngbié zĕnme xíng?</para>
- <para> Dīng:Xièxie.</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Xiăo Dīng, fēijī jiùyào qĭfēi le. Nĭmen jiùyào qù Zhōngguó le. Nĭ juéde zĕnmeyàng?</para>
- <para> Dīng:Wŏ juéde yòu jīdòng yòu nánguò?</para>
- <para> Dàwéi: Jīdòng, wŏ kĕyĭ lĭjiĕ, kĕshì nĭ nánguò shénme ne?</para>
- <para> Dīng:Wŏmen jiùyào fēnbié le. Wŏ zhēn bú yuànyì líkāi nĭmen.</para>
- <para> Dàwéi: Bié nánguò le. Míngnián wŏmen yĕ yào qù Zhōngguó.</para>
- <para> Xuéyŏu: Nĭmen dăsuàn shénme shíhòu qù Zhōngguó？Wŏmen yídìng qù jīchăng jiē nĭmen.</para>
- <para> Dàwéi: Wŏ míngnián xiàtiān huòzhĕ qiūtiān qù. Shìhăi hái méi juédìng ne.</para>
- <para> Dīng:Shìhăi, wèishénme ne?</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Jīnnián shŭjià wŏ yŏu yígè zài Shìjiè Yínháng shíxíng de jīhuì. Wŏ yòu xiăng qù Zhōngguó, yòu xiăng qù Huáshèngdùn shíxí, suŏyĭ yóuyù bù jué.</para>
- <para> Dīng:Juédìng le jiù xiĕxìn gàosù wŏmen, hăo ma?</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Hăo.</para>
- <para> Dàwéi: Fēijī jiùyào qĭfēi le. Nĭmen zhŭnbèi zhŭnbèi, shàng fēijī ba.</para>
- <para> Shìhăi: Xuéyŏu, Xiăo Dīng, zhù nĭmen xuéxi hăo, shēntĭ jiànkāng! Yí lù pīng ān.</para>
- <para> Xuéyŏu, Dīng: Xièxie, xièxie. Zàijiàn!</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77535_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77537_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>On the Airplane</para>
- <para>Xueyou and Ding was on board an Air China plane from New York to Beijing. The plane was quite crowded (the people on board were many). (Among them) there were people of different colors. All of them went to China. A few well-dressed young women were serving the passengers tea and water. (They) were cordials, and very attentive. They were stewards, and they spoke both Chinese and English. Xueyou and Ding told the stewards that they were American students going to China to study, and asked the stewards to speak Chinese with them. The stewards’ Mandarin were very good. Listening to their speaking Chinese, Xueyou and Ding had no problem at all (comprehending). (And) the stewards understood all Xueyou and Ding said in Chinese. The stewards asked Xueyou and Dong for how many years they had learned Chinese, (and) how they had made such a good progress. Ding said: “We have been learning Chinese for almost two years. I liked Chinese culture even when I was little. When I attended college, I had a chance to learn Chinese. I was very happy. So (I) was very serious about the study, and also worked very hard. In addition, we had some good teachers. (They) worked earnestly, and taught effectively. That’s why, all of us made tremendous progress.”</para>
- <para>New York was far away from Beijing. It took twenty hours by air. During the trip (on the plane), Xueyou and Ding saw two Chinese movies: one feature film and one animated film. Both were very interesting. Ding and Xueyou also brought quite a lot of magazines and books to read on </para>
- <para>the plane. So they felt the time flew. When the captain said through the loudspeaker that they were approaching Beijing, Ding felt a rush of excitement and uneasiness: what would be awaiting them in China, this beautiful and mysterious country？</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77539_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>在飞机上</para>
- <para/>
- <para>学友和小丁乘坐中国民航的飞机从纽约去北京。飞机上的人很多, 各种肤色的人都有。大家都去中国。几个穿得很整洁的年轻姑娘给旅客送茶倒水, 非常热情, 非常周到。她们是飞机上的航空小姐, 会说汉语, 也会说英语。学友和小丁告诉航空小姐他们是去中国留学的美国学生, 请航空小姐跟他们说中国话。航空小姐的汉语很标准。听他们说汉语, 学友和小丁一点问题也没有。学友和小丁说的汉语, 航空小姐也都懂。航空小姐问学友和小丁学汉语学了几年, 怎麽进步得这麽快。小丁回答说：" 我们学汉语学了快两年了。我从小就喜欢中国文化, 上了大学, 有机会学汉语, 我很高兴, 所以学得很认真, 也很努力。再说, 我们的老师也很好。工作非常认真, 教得也很好, 所以我们都进步得很快。"</para>
- <para>纽约离北京很远, 坐飞机要二十个小时。在飞机上, 学友和小丁看了两个中国电影, 一个故事片, 一个动画片, 都很有意思。小丁和学友还带了很多杂志和书在飞机上看。所以, 他们觉得时间过得快。当机长在广播里告诉大家北京就要到了的时候, 小丁又激动又不安。中国, 这个美丽, 神秘的国家, 等待他们的将是什麽呢？</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77541_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>在飛機上</para>
- <para/>
- <para>學友和小丁乘坐中國民航的飛機從紐約去北京。飛機上的人很多, 各種膚色的人都有。大家都去中國。幾個穿得很整潔的年輕姑娘給旅客送茶倒水, 非常熱情, 非常周到。她們是飛機上的航空小姐, 會說漢語, 也會說英語。學友和小丁告訴航空小姐他們是去中國留學的美國學生, 請航空小姐跟他們說中國話。航空小姐的漢語很標準。聽他們說漢語, 學友和小丁一點問題也沒有。學友和小丁說的漢語, 航空小姐也都懂。航空小姐問學友和小丁學漢語學了幾年, 怎麼進步得這麼快。小丁回答說﹕" 我們學漢語學了快兩年了。我從小就喜歡中國文化, 上了大學, 有機會學漢語, 我很高興, 所以學得很認真, 也很努力。再說, 我們的老師也很好。工作非常認真, 教得也很好, 所以我們都進步得很快。"</para>
- <para>紐約離北京很遠, 坐飛機要二十個小時。在飛機上, 學友和小丁看了兩個中國電影, 一個故事片, 一個動畫片, 都很有意思。小丁和學友還帶了很多雜誌和書在飛機上看。所以, 他們覺得時間過得快。當機長在廣播裡告訴大家北京就要到了的時候, 小丁又激動又不安。中國, 這個美麗, 神秘的國家, 等待他們的將是什麼呢？</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77543_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Zài fēijī shàng</para>
- <para/>
- <para>( Zài Fēijī Shàng )</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xuéyŏu hé Xiăo Dīng Chéngzuò Zhōngguó Mínháng de fēijī cóng Niŭyuē qù Bĕijīng. Fēijī shàng de rén hĕn duō, gèzhŏng fūsè de rén dōu yŏu. Dàjiā dōu qù Zhōngguó. Jĭgè chuān de hĕn zhĕngjié de niánqīng gūniáng gĕi lŭkè sòng shuĭ dào chá, fēicháng rèqíng, fēicháng zhōudào. Tāmen shì fēijī shàng de hángkōng xiăojiĕ huì shuō Hànyĕ, yĕ huì shuō Yīngyŭ. Xuéyŏu hé Xiăo Dīng gàosù hángkōng xiăojiĕ tāmen shì qù Zhōnguó liúxué de Mĕiguó xuéshēng, qĭng hángkōng xiăojiĕ gēn tānmen shuō Zhōngguó huà. Hángkōng xiăojiĕ de Hànyŭ hĕn biāozhŭn. Tīng tānmen shuō Hànyŭ. Xuéyŏu hé Xiăo Dīng yìdiăn wèntí yĕ méiyŏu. Xuéyŏu hé Xiăo Dīng shuō de Hànyŭ. Hángkōng xiăojiĕ yĕ dōu dŏng. Hángkōng xiăojiĕ wèn Xuéyŏu hé Xiăo Dīng xué Hànyŭ xué le jĭnián, zĕnme jìnbù de zhème kuài. Xiăo Dīng huída shuō "Wŏmen xué Hànyŭ xué le kuài liăngnián le. Wŏ cóngxiăo jiù xĭhuān Zhōnguó wénhuà. Shàng le dàxué yŏu jīhuì xué Hànyŭ wŏ hĕn gāoxìng, suŏyĭ xué de hĕn rènzhēn, yĕ hĕn nŭlì. Zàishuō wŏmen de lăoshī yĕ hĕn hăo, suŏyĭ wŏmen dōu jìn bù de hĕn kuài."</para>
- <para>Niŭyuē lí Bĕijīng hĕn yuăn. Zuò fēijī yào èrshí gè xiăoshí. Zài fēijī shàng, Xuéyŏu hé Xiăo Dīng kàn le liănggè Zhōngguó diànyĭng, yígè gùshì piān, yígè dònghuà piān, dōu hĕn yŏu yìsi. Xiăo Dīng hé Xuéyŏu hái dài le hĕnduō zázhì hé shū zài fēijī shàng kàn. Suŏyĭ tāmen juéde shíjiān guò de kuài. Dāng jīzhăng zài guăngbō lĭ gàosù dàjiā Bĕijīng jiùyào dào le de shíhòu, Xiăo Dīng yòu jīdòng yòu bù ān. Zhōngguó zhègè mĕilì shénmì de guójiā dĕngdài tāmen de jiāngshì shénme ne？</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77545_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>飞机</para></entry><entry><para>fēijī</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>airplane</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>机场</para></entry><entry><para>jīchăng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>airport</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>身体</para></entry><entry><para>shēntĭ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>health</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>中国民航</para></entry><entry><para>Zhōngguó Mìnháng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>Air China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>肤色</para></entry><entry><para>fūsè</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>skin color </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>旅客</para></entry><entry><para>lǚkè</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>traveler, passenger</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>航空小姐</para></entry><entry><para>hángkōng xiăojiĕ</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>steward</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>故事片</para></entry><entry><para>gùshì piān</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>feature film</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>动画片</para></entry><entry><para>dònghuà piàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>animated film</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>机长</para></entry><entry><para>jīzhăng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>captain</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>广播</para></entry><entry><para>guăngbō</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>broadcast, loudspeaker</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>送别</para></entry><entry><para>sòngbié</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to see somebody off</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>觉得</para></entry><entry><para>juéde</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to feel</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>起飞</para></entry><entry><para>qĭfēi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to take off</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>分别</para></entry><entry><para>fēnbié</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to part</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>离开</para></entry><entry><para>líkāi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to leave, to depart</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>理解</para></entry><entry><para>lĭjiĕ</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to understand</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>实习</para></entry><entry><para>shíxí </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to intern</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>决定</para></entry><entry><para>juédìng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to decide, to make up one’s mind</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>准备</para></entry><entry><para>zhŭnbèi</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to prepare, to get ready</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>乘坐</para></entry><entry><para>chéngzuò</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to board</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>倒</para></entry><entry><para>dào</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to pour</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>送</para></entry><entry><para>sòng</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to send, to deliver</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>进步</para></entry><entry><para>jìnbù</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to progress</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>带</para></entry><entry><para>dài</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to bring</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>过</para></entry><entry><para>guò</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to pass</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>等待</para></entry><entry><para>dĕngdài</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to await</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>激动</para></entry><entry><para>jīdòng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>excited</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>难过</para></entry><entry><para>nánguò</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>sad</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>健康</para></entry><entry><para>jiànkāng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>healthy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>整洁</para></entry><entry><para>zhĕngjié</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>clean</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>周到</para></entry><entry><para>zhōudào</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>attentive</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>标准</para></entry><entry><para>biāozhŭn</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>standardized</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>认真</para></entry><entry><para>rènzhēn</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>serious, earnest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>努力</para></entry><entry><para>nŭlì</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>hard-working, studious</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不安</para></entry><entry><para>bù'ān</para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>uneasy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>美丽</para></entry><entry><para>mĕilì</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>beautiful</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>神秘</para></entry><entry><para>shénmì</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>mysterious</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>犹豫不决</para></entry><entry><para>yóuyù bùjué</para></entry><entry><para>set phrase</para></entry><entry><para>can’t make up one’s mind</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一路平安</para></entry><entry><para>yìlù pìngān</para></entry><entry><para>set phrase</para></entry><entry><para>bon voyage</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>送茶倒水</para></entry><entry><para>Sòngchá dàoshuĭ set phrase</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>serve tea and beverages</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>将</para></entry><entry><para>jiāng</para></entry><entry><para>aux. verb</para></entry><entry><para>will, shall</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>别</para></entry><entry><para>bié</para></entry><entry><para>negation in an imperative sentence</para></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>再说</para></entry><entry><para>zài shuō</para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>also, in addition </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77547_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para>1.The Impending Aspect:</para>
- <para>In Chinese, when indicating an action is going to happen very soon, one can (1)put any of the adverbs 要, 快, 就要, 快要 before the main verb or the predicative adjective; and (2)put the particle 了at the end of the sentence. For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>飞机 </para></entry><entry><para>就要 </para></entry><entry><para>起飞</para></entry><entry><para>了。</para></entry><entry><para>The airplane is about to take off.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>subj.</para></entry><entry><para> </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c5"><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>电影</para></entry><entry><para> 快</para></entry><entry><para>开始</para></entry><entry><para>了。</para></entry><entry><para>The movie is going to begin soon.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>subj.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry namest="c1" nameend="c5"><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>晚饭</para></entry><entry><para> 要</para></entry><entry><para>冷 </para></entry><entry><para>了。</para></entry><entry><para>The dinner is going to be cold soon.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>subj.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para>pred. adj.</para></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note:</para>
- <para>(1)To form a question, one can add 吗 or 吧 to the end of the sentence. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>你爸爸快起床了吗/吧？</para></entry><entry><para>Is your Dad getting up soon?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你就要回台湾了吗/吧？</para></entry><entry><para>Are you about to return to Taiwan?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para>The affirmative answer to the question is 对 or 是 .The negative answer will be 没 (有)or 还没(有)呢 . </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>天气快热了吧？ 对/是。 </para></entry><entry><para>Is the weather getting hot？Yes.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>你们就要考试了吗？ 还没呢。 </para></entry><entry><para>Are you having an exam？Not yet. </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>(2) If there is a time phrase such as 明天, 五点, in the sentence to indicate the specific time when the action is going to take place, ONLY就要...了 can be used. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>我弟弟五点半就要吃饭了。 </para></entry><entry><para>My younger brother is having dinner at 5:30. </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他说他妈妈明天就要来了。 </para></entry><entry><para>He said that his mom is coming tomorrow. They are arriving at </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>他们十一点就要到北京了。</para></entry><entry><para>Beijing at 11:00.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77549_1993127563"/>2.The Imperative Sentence:</title>
- <para>We have come across sentences such as:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>吃饭！</para></entry><entry><para>Eat!</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>请喝茶！</para></entry><entry><para>Have tea, please!</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们走吧。</para></entry><entry><para>Let’s go.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Sentences like those are known as IMPERATIVE SENTENCE. An imperative sentence is used to express a suggestion, advice, or to make a command. To form a negative imperative sentence, one can put either 别 or不要 before the main verb or the predicative adjective. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>别/不要吃饭！</para></entry><entry><para>Don’t eat!</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>请别/不要喝茶！</para></entry><entry><para>Please don’t drink tea.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>我们别/不要走吧！</para></entry><entry><para>Let’s not go.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para>Note that to soften the tone of an imperative sentence, one can add the particle 了 to the end of the sentence. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>上飞机了！</para></entry><entry><para>On borad (the plane)!</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>别说话了！电影就要开始了。</para></entry><entry><para>Don't talk! The movie is about to start.</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>3.The expression 怎麽行:</para>
- <para>The expression 怎麽行 is often used as a rhetorical question. It translates into English roughly as “Would it be OK?” For example:</para>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="2"><tbody><row><entry><para>你不吃饭, 怎麽行？</para></entry><entry><para>You won’t eat. Would it be OK?</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学汉语不作作业, 怎麽行？</para></entry><entry><para>Study Chinese, and won’t do the homework. Would it work?</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77551_1993127563"/>Speech Pattern</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77553_1993127563"/>1. The impending aspect:</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xià xīngqī yī tā jiù yào lái le. Nĭ zhěngli zhěngli nĭ de fángjiān. Tā lái le, jiù zhù zài nĭ de fángjiān lĭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Shŭjià kuài yào dào le. Nĭ yǒu shénme dăsuàn ma？Wǒ yào dào shìjiè yínháng shíxí.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Huǒchē jiù yào jìn zhàn le. Qĭng dàjiā zhŭnbèi xià chē.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ yào zǒu le ma？Duì, nĭ yǒu shìr ma？Wǒ zuò le yìxiē diănxīn, nĭ dài gěi nĭ māma, hăo ma?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tiānqì kuài yào rè le. Nĭ wèishénme xiànzài cái măi dàyī?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhāng lăoshī shénme shíhou lái？Kuài lái le, kuài lái le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒmen jiù yào chī fàn le. Shéi shuō jiù yào chī fàn le？Wǒ hái méi zuò fàn ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>下星期一她就要来了.你整理整理你的房间.她来了, 就住在你的房间里.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>暑假快要到了.你有什么打算吗?我要到世界银行实习.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>火车就要进站了.请大家准备下车.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你要走了吗?对, 你有事儿吗?我作了一些点心, 你带给你妈妈, 好吗?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>天气快要热了.你为什么现在才买大衣?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>张老师什么时候来?快来了, 快来了.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我们就要吃饭了.谁说就要吃饭了?我还没作饭呢.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>She will come next Monday. You tidy up your room. When (she) comes, (she) will live in your room.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The summer vocation is about to com. Do you have any plan？I will intern in the World Bank.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The train is approaching the station. Please get ready to deboard.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Are you going to leave soon？Yes. What can I do for you (do you have any thing you want me to do)？I made sine desert. Would you take some to your Mom?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The weather is getting warm soon. Why didn’t buy a overcoat until now?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>When will Teacher Zhang be here？Very soon, very soon.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>We are going to eat soon. Who says we are going to eat soon? I haven’t cooked yet.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77555_1993127563"/>2. The Imperative Sentence:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Bié kàn diànshì le. Kuài shí diăn le. Shuìjiào ba. Míngtiān hái yào shàng kè ne.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Búyào nánguò le. Wǒmen míngnián zài Táiběi zàijiàn.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wǒ de shū zài năr ne？Bié zhăo le. Wèishénme ne？Nĭ gēge jiè gěi duìmiàn de Xiăo Dīng le.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān nĭ hē jiŭ hē de tài duō le. Bié kāi chē le. Hē jiŭ yĭhòu bù néng kāi chē.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ bàba de shēntĭ zěnmeyàng？Bié wèn le. Zuótiān tā yòu zhù yuàn le.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>别看电视了.快十点了.睡觉吧.明天还要上课呢.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>不要难过了.我们明年在台北再见.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我的书在哪儿呢?别找了.为什么呢?你哥哥借给对面的小丁了.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天你喝酒喝得太多了.别开车了.喝酒以后不能开车.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你爸爸的身体怎么样?别问了.昨天他又住院了.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Stop watching TV (Don’t watch TV). It’s about ten. Go to bed. Tomorrow (you) have to go to school.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Don’t be sad. We’ll meet again in Taibei next year.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Where is my book？Don’t look for it. Why？Your brother lent it to Ding across.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Today you drank too much alcohol. Don’t drive. (You) can’t drive after drinking.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How is your Dad’s health？Don’t ask. He was admitted the hospital yesterday.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77557_1993127563"/>3. The Expression 怎么行:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Qù Zhōngguó, bù qiānzhèng, zěnmexíng?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Nĭ fàn chī de zhème shăo, zěnmexíng?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xué Zhōngwén, bù xué hànzì, bù xué yŭfă, zěnmexíng?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Kèrén lái le, nĭ bú sòngchá dàoshuĭ, zěnmexíng?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Niŭyuē lí Jiāzhōu hĕn yuăn, nĭ bú zuò fēijī, zěnmexíng？Wŏ zuò huŏchē.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>中国, 不签证, 怎么行?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你饭吃得这么少, 怎么行?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学中文, 不学汉字, 不学语法, 怎么行?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>客人来了, 你不送茶倒水, 怎么行?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>纽约离加州很远, 你不坐飞机, 怎么行?我坐火车.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Going to china, and not applying for visa, would it be OK?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>You eat so little, would it be OK?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Learning Chinese, but not learning character, would it be OK?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>The guests are here, and you are not serving tea and beverages. Is it right?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>New York is far away from California, but you don’t take a plane. Would it be OK？I’ll take the train.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77559_1993127563"/>4. The pattern Subj. V. phrase 一点问题也没有 = Subj. have no problem V. phrase; or It would be no problem for someone to V. phrase:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā xué Hànyŭ xué le sān nián le. Tīng, Shuō, Dú, Xiĕ, yìdiăn wèntí yĕ méiyŏu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Wŏmen jiā de fángzi hĕn dà. Nĭ zài zhèr zhù yìdiăn wèntí yĕ méiyŏu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā kāi chē kāi de hĕn hăo. Sòng nĭ qù jīchăng yìdiăn wèntí yĕ méiyŏu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Bié yóuyù bùjué le. Nĭ mèimei nàme cōngming, xué jīngjì yìdiăn wèntí yĕ méiyŏu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Jīntiān xiàwŭ wŏ yŏu kòng, jiāo nĭ kāi chē yìdiăn wèntí yĕ méiyŏu.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā de Hànyŭ hĕn biāozhŭn, Yīngyŭ yĕ bú cuò. Dāng fānyì yìdiăn wèntí yĕ méiyŏu.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>他学汉语学了三年了.听, 说, 读, 写, 一点问题也没有.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我们家的房子很大.你在这儿住一点问题也没有.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他开车开得很好.送你去机场一点问题也没有.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>别犹豫不决了.你妹妹那么聪明, 学经济一点问题也没有.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天下午我有空.教你开车一点问题也没有.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他的汉语很标准, 英语也不错.当翻译一点问题也没有.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>He has learned Chinese for three years. (He) has no problem in listening, speaking, reading and writing. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Our family’s house is big. It would no problem for you to live here.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He drives well. He will have no problem giving you a ride to the airport.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Don’t be hesitated. Your sister is smart. (She) will have no problem learning Economics.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This afternoon I’m free. (I) will have no problem teaching you driving.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>His Chinese is good, and his English is not bad. (He) will have no problem to be an interpreter.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77561_1993127563"/>5.The patter V. phrase 要some length of time = It takes some length of time to V. phrase.</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Cóng zhèr dào Niŭyuē zuò huŏchē yào yí ge xiăoshí. Kāi chē yào duōcháng shíjiān ne?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Cóng Rìbĕn dào Mĕiguó zuò fēijī yào duōshăo xiăoshí？Dào Mĕiguó de dōngbù háishì xībù?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuò zhèxiē Hànyŭ zuòyè yào duōcháng shíjiān？Jīntiān de zuòyè hĕn nán, wŏ xiăng yào yí ge wănshang.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Xiĕ yì băi ge Hànzì yào yí ge xiăoshí. Xiĕ wŭ băi ge Hànzì yào duōshăo shíjiān?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>从这儿到纽约坐火车要一个小时.开车要多长时间呢?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>从日本到美国坐飞机要多少小时?到美国的东部还是西部?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>作这些汉语作业要多长时间?今天的作业很难, 我想要一个晚上.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>写一百个汉字要一个小时.写五百个汉字要多少时间?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>It takes an hour to go from here to New York by train. How long will it take by car?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How many hours will it take to go from Japan to the States by air？It will go to the East or the West of the States?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>How long will it take to do these homework？Today’s homework is very difficult, (it) will take a whole evening. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>It takes an hour to write a hundred characters. How long will it take to write five hundred characters?</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77563_1993127563"/>6. The pattern Subj.一V. phrase 就是some length of time = Once Subj. V. phrase, it would be some length of time:</title>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Bié kàn diànshì. Bié kàn diànshì. Nĭ yí kàn diànshì jiùshì jĭ ge xiăoshí. Wŏmen méiyou shíjiān.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zhè ge háizi hĕn nŭlì. Yì xuéxí jiùshì jĭ ge xiăoshí, suŏyĭ tā xué de hĕn hăo.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā bàba qù Yīngguó le. Yí qù jiùshì jĭ nián. Nĭ rènshi tā bàba ma？Bú rènshi.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Zuótiān wŏ qù tā sùshè tán gōngzuò. Wŏmen yì tán jiùshì yí ge wănshang. Shíjiān guò de zhēn kuài.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā shuō tā qù yīyuàn kànkan, jiù huílái. Kĕshì, yí qù jiùshì sìshí fēnzhōng. Nĭ wèishénme bù gēn tā yìqĭ qù ne?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Tā hĕn xĭhuan duànliàn. Mĕi cì tā zài jiànshēnfáng yì dāi jiùshì yí ge xiàwŭ.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>别看电视.别看电视.你一看电视就是几个小时.我们没有时间.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个孩子很努力.一学习就是几个小时.所以他学得很好.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他爸爸去英国了.一去就是几年.你认识他爸爸吗?不认识.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天我去她宿舍谈工作.我们一谈就是一个晚上.时间过得真快.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他说他去医院看看, 就回来.可是, 一去就是四十分钟.你为什么不跟他一起去呢?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>6. 她很喜欢锻炼.每次她在健身房一呆就是一个下午.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>Don’t watch TV. Don’t watch TV. Once you watch, it will be several hours. We don’t have time.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>This kid is diligent. Once (he) studies it will be several hours, so he studies well.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>His did went to England. Once he left, it is a couple of years. Do you know his Dad. No.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>Yesterday I went to her dorm to talk about work. Once we talked, it went for a whole evening. Time flew.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He said he went to the hospital to take a look. Once he left he was gone for forty minutes. Why didn’t you go with him?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>She likes exercise very much. Every time she went to the gym, she stays for a whole afternoon.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77565_1993127563"/>Lesson 30</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77567_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77867_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>What would you like to do this summer vacation?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Shihai: Do you know how long the flight is from here to Beijing?</para>
- <para>Dawei: Beijing is far from here, it is probably more than ten hours.</para>
- <para>Shihai: Xiao Ding and Xueyou will arrive in Beijing tonight.</para>
- <para>Dawei: Yes.</para>
- <para>Shihai: They both want to study in China. I think they must be very happy right now.</para>
- <para>Dawei: I am envious. Next year I would like to have a chance to visit China.</para>
- <para>Shihai: China has a long history. I heard of many tourist attractions in China. But "ba3i we2n bu4 ru2 yi1 jia4n"(hearing about it is nothing compared to seeing it).</para>
- <para>Dawei: "ba3i we4n bu4 ru2 yi1 jia4n" is a chinese idiom?</para>
- <para>Shihai: Yes. The meaning is "seeing is believing".</para>
- <para>Dawei: I see. </para>
- <para>Dawei: Shihai, what would you like to do this summer vacation？</para>
- <para>Shihai: First I will go back home to see my parents, and see what is happening then. How about you?</para>
- <para>Dawei: I have registered for two courses. So I will be in class at school.</para>
- <para>Shihai: What are you studying?</para>
- <para>Dawei: One is a psychology course, the other one is a Chinese history course. I am very interested in Chinese History, but I don't know much about it. So I want to take advantage of the summer to learn something more about Chinese history.</para>
- <para>Shihai: China has a long and rich history. It is not easy to study.</para>
- <para>Dawei: I know. That is precisely what attracts me.</para>
- <para>Shihai: It is said people who study history will become smarter. What do you think ?</para>
- <para>Dawei: I also think that. Learning history not only lets us know what was going on in the past, but also helps guide us in the future. That is what is meant by the idiom " Gu3 we2i ji1n yo4ng"(make the past serve the present). I hope I become little smarter by studying Chinese history.</para>
- <para>Shihai: You will.</para>
- <para>Dawei: You are already quite a smart guy. So you do not need to study Chinese History.</para>
- <para>Shihai: Not at all. Don't joke about me!</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77569_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>今年暑假你做什麽？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>世海：大为, 你知道飞机从这里起飞到北京需要多长时间？</para>
- <para>大为：这儿离北京很远, 大约十多个小时。</para>
- <para>世海：小丁和学友今天晚上就到北京了。</para>
- <para>大为：是的。</para>
- <para>世海：小丁和学友很想去中国学习。我想他们现在一定很高兴。</para>
- <para>大为：我很羡慕他们, 明年我一定要到中国去看一看。</para>
- <para>世海：中国是一个古老的国家, 听说有很多名胜古迹, 不过“百闻不如一见”。</para>
- <para>大为：“百闻不如一见”是中国成语吗？</para>
- <para>世海：是的, 意思是：自己看见的才可信。</para>
- <para>大为：我明白了。</para>
- <para>大为：世海, 今年暑假你做什麽？</para>
- <para>世海：我先要回家看爸爸妈妈, 他们很想我。然後, 再作决定。你呢？</para>
- <para>大为：我已经注册了两门课, 所以我还在学校里继续上课。</para>
- <para>世海：你学什麽？</para>
- <para>大为：一门是心理学, 一门是中国历史。我对中国历史很感兴趣, 可是我知道的不多, 所以我想利用暑假多学习一些中国历史知识。</para>
- <para>世海：中国的历史很久远, 也很丰富, 学起来一定不容易。</para>
- <para>大为：我知道。这正是它吸引我的原因。</para>
- <para>世海：有人说学历史, 人会变得聪明, 你说呢？</para>
- <para>大为：我也这麽认为。学历史不仅仅是为了解过去, 而且是为了指导未来, 所谓“古为今用”就是这个意思。我希望学习中国历史後, 我会更聪明些。</para>
- <para>世海：你会的 。</para>
- <para>大为：你已经够聪明的了, 所以你不用学习历史了。</para>
- <para>世海：哪里 。你别开我玩笑了。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77571_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para> 今年暑假你做什麼﹖</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>世海﹕大為﹐你知道飛機從這裡起飛到北京需要多長時間﹖</para>
- <para>大為﹕這兒離北京很遠﹐大約十多個小時。</para>
- <para>世海﹕小丁和學友今天晚上就到北京了。</para>
- <para>大為﹕是的。</para>
- <para>世海﹕小丁和學友很想去中國學習。我想他們現在一定很高興。</para>
- <para>大為﹕我很羨慕他們﹐明年我一定要到中國去看一看。</para>
- <para>世海﹕中國是一個古老的國家﹐聽說有很多名勝古蹟﹐不過“百聞不如一見”。</para>
- <para>大為﹕“百聞不如一見”是中國成語嗎﹖</para>
- <para>世海﹕是的﹐意思是﹕自己看見的才可信。</para>
- <para>大為﹕我明白了。</para>
- <para>大為﹕世海﹐今年暑假你做什麼﹖</para>
- <para>世海﹕我先要回家看爸爸媽媽﹐他們很想我。然後﹐再作決定。你呢﹖</para>
- <para>大為﹕我已經註冊了兩門課﹐所以我還在學校裡繼續上課。世海﹕你學什麼﹖</para>
- <para>大為﹕一門是心理學﹐一門是中國曆史。我對中國歷史很感興趣﹐可是我知道的不多﹐</para>
- <para>所以我想利用暑假多學習一些中國歷史知識。</para>
- <para>世海﹕中國的歷史很久遠﹐也很豐富﹐學起來一定不容易。</para>
- <para>大為﹕我知道。這正是它吸引我的原因。</para>
- <para>世海﹕有人說學歷史, 人會變得聰明﹐你說呢﹖</para>
- <para>大為﹕我也這麼認為。學歷史不僅僅是為了解過去﹐而且是為了指導未來﹐所謂“古為今用”就是這個意思。我希望學習中國歷史後﹐我會更聰明些。</para>
- <para>世海﹕你會的 。</para>
- <para>大為﹕你已經夠聰明的了﹐所以你不用學習歷史了。</para>
- <para>世海﹕哪裡 。你別開我玩笑了。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77573_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Jīnnián Shŭjia Nĭ Zuò Shénme ?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Shìhăi: Dàwéi, nĭ zhīdao fēijī cóng zhèli qĭfēi dào Bĕijīng xūyào duōcháng shíjiān?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Zhèr lí Bĕijīng hĕn yuăn, dàyuē shí duō ge xiăoshí.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Xiăo Dīng hé Xuéyŏu jīntiān wănshang jiù dào Běijīng le.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Shì de.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu hěn xiǎng qù Zhōngguo xuéxí. Wǒ xiǎng tāmen xiànzài yídìng hěn gāoxìng.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Wǒ hěn xiànmù tāmen, míngnián wǒ yídìng yào dào Zhōngguo qù kàn yi kàn.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Zhōngguo shì yí ge gǔlǎo de guójiā, tīngshuō yǒu hěn duō míngshèng gǔjì, búguò “bǎiwén bùrú yíjiàn”.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: “bǎiwén bùrú yíjiàn”shì Zhōngguo chéngyǔ ma?</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Shì de, yìsi shì: zìjǐ kànjiàn de cái kěxìn.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Wǒ míngbai le.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Shìhăi, jīnnián shǔjià nǐ zuò shénme ?</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Wǒ xiān yào huí jiā kàn bàba māma, tāmen hěn xiǎng wǒ. Ránhòu, zài zuò juédìng. Nǐ ne ?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Wǒ yǐjīng zhùcè le liǎng mén kè, suǒyǐ wǒ hái zài xuéxiào lǐ jìxù shàngkè.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Nǐ xué shénme?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Yì mén shì xīnlǐxué, yì mén shì Zhōngguo lìshǐ. Wǒ duì Zhōngguo lìshǐ hěn gǎn xìngqu, kěshì wǒ zhīdao de bù duō, suǒyǐ wǒ xiǎng lìyòng shǔjià duō xuéxí yì xiē Zhōngguo lìshǐ zhīshi.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Zhōngguo de lìshǐ hěn jiǔyuǎn, yě hěn fēngfù, xué qǐlái yídìng bù róngyi.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Wǒzhīdao. Zhè zhèngshì tā xīyǐn wǒ de yuányīn.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Yǒu rén shuō xué lìshǐ, rén huì biàn de cōngming, nǐ shuō ne ?</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Wǒ yě zhème rènwéi. Xué lìshǐ bù jǐnjǐn shì wèile liǎojiě guòqù, érqiě shì wèile zhīdao wèilái, suǒwèi “gǔwéi jīnyòng” jiù shì zhè ge yìsi. Wǒ xīwàng xuéxí Zhōngguo lìshǐ hòu, wǒ huì gèng cōngming xiē.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Nǐ huì de.</para>
- <para>Dàwéi: Nǐ yǐjīng gòu cōngming de le, suǒyǐ nǐ búyòng xuéxí lìshǐ le.</para>
- <para>Shìhăi: Nǎlǐ. Nǐ béi kāi wǒ wánxiào le.</para>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77575_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77577_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Home in Beijing</para>
- <para/>
- <para>After Xiaoding and Xueyou left (for China), one day, Shihai went to see Teacher Wang. Teacher Wang was very happy to see Shihai come. Teacher Wang asked Shihai to sit on the sofa, and made a cup of Longjin tea for him.</para>
- <para>While drinking the tea, Teacher Wang asked Shihai:"Xiaoding and Xueyou took the plane to China. Did everything go well?" Shihai told Teacher Wang, everything went well. Teacher Wang said, he had to go to the Chinese Embassy to get some business done that day, therefore he could not see Xiaoding and Xueyou off. However, he had already given Xiaoding and Shihai the phone number and the address of his home in Beijing, and asked them to call his wife Xijing as soon as they arrived in Beijing. Teacher Wang said, for last year's Thanksgiving he celebrated the holiday with Xiaoding's family, and he felt like he was in his own home. He hoped that Xiaoding and Xueyou could also visit his home in Beijing frequently and have a good time. Teacher Wang also asked Shihai:"This is the first time for Xiaoding and Xueyou to go to China, China is far away from here, do their parents worry about them?" Shihai said:"Because Xiaoding's parents are going to go to China and visit them soon, Shihai's parents are not worried at all." Teacher Wang said:"That's great. Soon my wife Xijing and my son Kaikai will meet Xiaoding's family and Xueyou. They must be very happy (about this)!"</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77579_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>北京的家</para>
- <para/>
- <para>小丁和学友走了以後, 这一天, 世海去看王老师。王老师看见世海来了, 非常高兴。王老师请世海坐在沙发上, 并给他沏了一杯龙井茶。喝茶的时候, </para>
- <para>王老师问世海：“小丁和学友坐飞机去中国, 一切都顺利吗？” 世海告诉王老师, 一切都很顺利。王老师说, 那天他正好要去中国大使馆办事, 不能送小丁和学友。不过, 他已经给了小丁和学友北京的家的电话和地址, 请他们到了北京就给他太太西静打电话。王老师说, 去年感恩节, 他和小丁的家人一起欢度佳节, 觉得就像在自己的家一样。他希望小丁和学友也能常常去自己在北京的家玩儿。王老师还问世海：“这是小丁和学友第一次去中国, 中国离这儿很远, 他们的爸爸﹑妈妈放心吗？”世海说：“因为小丁的爸爸﹑妈妈很快就要去中国看他们, 所以学友的爸爸﹑妈妈一点儿也不担心。” 王老师说：“那太好了。 我太太西静和我儿子开开很快就要认识小丁的一家和学友, 他们一定很会高兴。” </para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77581_1993127563"/>Traditional </title>Traditional<para>北京的家</para><para/><para>小丁和學友走了以後﹐這一天﹐世海去看王老師。王老師看見世海來了﹐非常高興。王老師請世海坐在沙發上﹐並給他沏了一杯龍井茶。</para><para>喝茶的時候﹐王老師問世海﹕“小丁和學友坐飛機去中國﹐一切都順利嗎﹖” 世海告訴王老師﹐一切都很順利。王老師說﹐那天他正好要去中國大使館辦事﹐不能送小丁和學友。不過﹐他已經給了小丁和學友北京的家的電話和地址﹐請他們到了北京就給他太太西靜打電話。王老師說﹐去年感恩節﹐他和小丁的家人一起歡度佳節﹐覺得就像在自己的家一樣。他希望小丁和學友也能常常去自己在北京的家玩兒。王老師還問世海﹕“這是小丁和學友第一次去中國﹐中國離這兒很遠﹐他們的爸爸﹑媽媽放心嗎﹖”世海說﹕“因為小丁的爸爸﹑媽媽很快就要去中國看他們﹐所以學友的爸爸﹑媽媽一點兒也不擔心。” 王老師說﹕“那太好了。 我太太西靜和我兒子開開很快就要認識小丁的一家和學友﹐他們一定很會高興。” </para><para/></sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77583_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Běijīng De Jiā</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu zǒu le yǐhòu, zhè yì tiān, Shìhǎi qù kàn Wáng lǎoshi. Wáng lǎoshi kànjiàn Shìhǎi lái le, fēicháng gāoxìng. Wáng lǎoshi qǐng Shìhǎi zuò zài shāfā shang, bìng gěi tā qī le yì bēi lóngjǐng chá. Hē chá deshíhou, </para>
- <para>Wáng lǎoshi wèn Shìhǎi: “Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu zuò fēijī qù Zhōngguo, yíqiè dōu shùnlì ma?” Shìhǎi gàosu Wáng lǎoshi, yíqiè dōu hěn shùnli. Wáng lǎoshi shuō, nà tiān tā zhèng hǎo yào qù Zhōngguo dàshǐguǎn bàn shì, bù néng sòng Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu. Búguò, tā yǐjīng gěi le Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéeyǒu Běijīng de jiā de diànhuà hé dìzhǐ, qǐng tāmen dào le Běijīng jiù gěi tā tàitai Xījìng dǎ diànhuà. Wáng lǎoshi shuō, qùnián Gǎn’ēn jié, tā hé Xiǎo Dīng de jiārén yìqǐ huāndù jiājié, juéde jiù xiàng zài zìjǐ de jiā yíyàng. Tā xīwang Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu yě néng chángcháng qù zìjǐ zài Běijīng de jiā wánr. Wáng lǎoshi hái wèn Shìhái: “Zhè shì Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu dì yī cì qù Zhōngguo, Zhōngguo lí zhèr hěn yuǎn, tāmen de bàba, māma fàngxīn ma ?” Shìhǎi shuō: “ Yě bù dānxīn.” Wǎng lǎoshi shuō: “ Nà tài hǎo le. Wǒ tàitai Xījìng hé wǒ érzi Kāikai hěn kuài jiù yào rènshi Xiǎo Dīng de yì jiā hé Xuéyǒu, tāmen yídìng huì hěn gāoxìng.”</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77585_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>大约</para></entry><entry><para>dàyuē </para></entry><entry><para>adv. </para></entry><entry><para>about, approximately </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>羡慕</para></entry><entry><para>xiànmù </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>envious</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>古老</para></entry><entry><para>gŭlăo </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>ancient</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>名胜古迹</para></entry><entry><para>mìngshènggŭjì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>tourist attraction: famous places and ancient sites</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>百闻不如一见</para></entry><entry><para>băiwénbùrúyījiàn</para></entry><entry><para>idiom</para></entry><entry><para> hearing about it a hundred times is not as good as seeing it once</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>明白</para></entry><entry><para> mìngbái</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to understand</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>先</para></entry><entry><para>xiānad</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para> before, first</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>然後</para></entry><entry><para> ránhòu </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para> then</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>决定</para></entry><entry><para>juédìng</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to decide, to determine</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>已经</para></entry><entry><para>yĭjīng</para></entry><entry><para> adv. </para></entry><entry><para> already</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>继续</para></entry><entry><para>jìxù</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para> to continue, to go on</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>门</para></entry><entry><para>mén</para></entry><entry><para> measure </para></entry><entry><para>subject, class</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>心理学</para></entry><entry><para>xīnlĭxué </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>psychology</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>历史</para></entry><entry><para>lìshĭ </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>history</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>感</para></entry><entry><para>găn </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para> to feel, to have</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>兴趣</para></entry><entry><para>xìngqù</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>interest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>知识</para></entry><entry><para>zhīshì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> knowledge</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>久远</para></entry><entry><para>jiŭyuăn</para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para> long and far</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>丰富</para></entry><entry><para>fēngfù </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para> plentiful, rich</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>吸引</para></entry><entry><para>xīyĭn</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to attract</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>原因</para></entry><entry><para>yuányīn</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>reason</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>聪明</para></entry><entry><para>cōngmìng </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para> Smart, clever</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>认为</para></entry><entry><para>rènwéi</para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para> to think</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不仅(仅)</para></entry><entry><para>bùjĭnjĭn </para></entry><entry><para> conj., adv. </para></entry><entry><para> not only</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>而且</para></entry><entry><para>érqiĕ </para></entry><entry><para>conj. </para></entry><entry><para>but also</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>过去</para></entry><entry><para>guòqù </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> the past</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>未来</para></entry><entry><para>wèilái </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>the future</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>所谓</para></entry><entry><para>suŏwèi </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para> so called</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>指导</para></entry><entry><para>zhĭdăo </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to teach, to instruct, to guide</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>古为今用</para></entry><entry><para>Gŭwéijīnyòng</para></entry><entry><para> idiom </para></entry><entry><para>to make the past serve the present</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>意思</para></entry><entry><para>yìsi</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>meaning</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>希望</para></entry><entry><para>xīwàng</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to hope, to wish</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>够</para></entry><entry><para>gòu </para></entry><entry><para>adj</para></entry><entry><para>enough</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>玩笑</para></entry><entry><para>wánxiào</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>joke, kidding</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>开(玩笑)</para></entry><entry><para>kāi(wánxiào) </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to make (a joke)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>沙发</para></entry><entry><para>shāfā </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>sofa</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>沏</para></entry><entry><para>qì </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to make (tea)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>龙井茶</para></entry><entry><para>lóngjĭngchá </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para> longjing tea, Dragonwell tea</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一切</para></entry><entry><para>yīqiè </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para> everthing, the whole thing</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>顺利</para></entry><entry><para>shùnlì</para></entry><entry><para> adj. </para></entry><entry><para>(go) well, (do) fine</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>正好</para></entry><entry><para>zhènghăo </para></entry><entry><para> adv. </para></entry><entry><para> just happened to, coincidentally</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>办事</para></entry><entry><para>bànshì </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to take care of (some) business, to handle matters</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不过</para></entry><entry><para>búguò </para></entry><entry><para>conj. </para></entry><entry><para>however, but</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>欢渡</para></entry><entry><para>huāndù </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to celebrate (a holiday)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>佳节</para></entry><entry><para>jiājié </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>festival, holiday</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一点儿也不</para></entry><entry><para>yīdiănryĕbù </para></entry><entry><para> idiomatic exp. </para></entry><entry><para>not at all</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>担心</para></entry><entry><para>dānxīn</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to worry about serve the present</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>枯燥</para></entry><entry><para>kūzào </para></entry><entry><para> adj. </para></entry><entry><para> boring, dull</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>逛</para></entry><entry><para>guàng </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to go (shopping)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>商店</para></entry><entry><para>shāngdiàn</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para> shop, store</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>日裔</para></entry><entry><para>rìyì</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>(of) Japanese origin </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>手机</para></entry><entry><para>shŏujī</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>cell phone</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>阅读</para></entry><entry><para>yuèdú </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>reading </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>T恤衫</para></entry><entry><para>Txùshān</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>T-shirt</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77587_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77589_1993127563"/>1. The Preposition 离</title>
- <para/>
- <para>The preposition 离 means "from" . It is used to form a prepositional structure indicating distance in space or time. The two commonly used structures are: </para>
- <para>(1) A 离 B 很远 (A is far away from B) </para>
- <para>(2) A 离 B 很近 (A is very close to B)</para>
- <para>For example: </para>
- <para>(1) A 离 B 很远 (A is far away from B)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 这儿离北京很远, 大约十多个小时。 </para>
- <para>Here is far away from Beijing, (it takes) over about 10 hours (to travel to Beijing).</para>
- <para>2.) 中国离这儿很远, 他们的爸爸妈妈放心吗？</para>
- <para>China is far away from here, do their parents worry about them?</para>
- <para>3.) 现在离冬天很远, 你为什么想买皮夹克？</para>
- <para>Now is far away from winter, why do you want to buy a leather jacket?</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>(2) A 离 B 很近 (A is very close to B)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 我的家离我的大学很近, 所以我不住校。</para>
- <para>My home is very close to my university, therefore, I don't live on campus.</para>
- <para>2.)母亲节离我妈妈的生日很近, 我想给妈妈买一个礼物。</para>
- <para>The Mother's Day is very close to my mom's birthday, I would like to buy a gift for my mom. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77591_1993127563"/>2. The Prepositional Phrase 像......一样</title>
- <para/>
- <para>The prepositional phrase 像......一样 means "to be like something or somebody". Often, people add "就" before "像", to express the meaning of "to be JUST like something or somebody". Sometimes, "一样" is left out of the sentence as the speaker uses a single character "像" to express the meaning of "to resemble something or somebody".</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>1.)去年感恩节, 他和小丁的家人一起欢度佳节, 觉得就像在自己的家一样。</para>
- <para>Last Thanksgiving, he and Xiaoding's family celebrated the holiday together, (he) felt just like he was in his own home.</para>
- <para>2.)小丁是我的好朋友, 就像我的妹妹一样。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding is my good friend, just like a younger sister to me.</para>
- <para>3.)她长得很漂亮, 像她妈妈。</para>
- <para>She looks very pretty; (she) resembles her mom.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77593_1993127563"/>3. The Pronoun 自己 </title>
- <para/>
- <para>The pronoun 自己 means "self, one's own". It can be used to describe things that belong to someone (one's own). It can also be attached to all personal pronouns and nouns to express the meaning of "self". For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 妈妈说她可以开车送我去纽约, 可是我喜欢自己开车去。</para>
- <para>My mom said she can drive me to New York, but I like to drive by myself (to New York). </para>
- <para>2.) 小丁和学友觉得, 王老师的家就像他们自己的家。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou felt, Teacher Wang's home is just like their own home. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77595_1993127563"/>4. The Expression 一点儿也不</title>
- <para>The expression 一点儿也不 means "not at all". It is used for complete negation. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.)因为小丁的爸爸、妈妈这一次也跟他们一起去中国, 所以学友的爸爸、妈妈一点儿也不担心。</para>
- <para>Because Xiaoding's parents are traveling with them this time to China, Xueyou's parents do not worry about them at all.</para>
- <para>2.)世海非常喜欢中国历史, 他觉得中国历史一点儿也不枯燥。</para>
- <para>Shihai likes Chinese History very much, he feels that Chinese History is not boring at all. </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77597_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77599_1993127563"/>1. The Preposition 离</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 东亚图书馆离东亚系很近, 走路十分钟就能到。</para>
- <para>The East Asian Library is close to the East Asian Department, (it takes) 10 minutes to walk there.</para>
- <para>2.) 长城离北京大学很远, 坐公共汽车大约两个小时。</para>
- <para>The Great Wall is far away from the Beijing University, (it takes) about two hours on a bus to get there. </para>
- <para>3.) 王老师的家离北京语言文化大学不远, 他每天骑自行车去上班。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang's home is not far away from the Beijing Language and Culture University, he rides bicycle to go to work every day.</para>
- <para>4.) 今年的中国新年(春节)离我妹妹的生日很近, 她感到很高兴。</para>
- <para>This year's Chinese New Year (the Spring Festival) is very close to my younger sister's birthday, she feels happy (about this).</para>
- <para>5.) 现在离期末考试不远了, 我们应该努力学习。</para>
- <para>It (Now) is not far away from the final exam, we should study hard.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77601_1993127563"/>2. The Prepositional Phrase 像......一样</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 小丁的中文说得很好, 像中国人一样。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding's Chinese is very good, just like a native Chinese person's.</para>
- <para>2.) 大为游泳游得非常好, 就像游泳运动员一样。</para>
- <para>Dawei (David) swims very well, just like an athletic swimmer.</para>
- <para>3.) 北京的冬天很冷, 就像新泽西一样。</para>
- <para>Beijing's winter is very cold, just like the one in New Jersey.</para>
- <para>4.) 小丁和学友很喜欢去王老师在北京的家, 王老师的家就像他们自己的家一样。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou like it very much to go to Teacher Wang's home in Beijing, Teacher Wang's home is just like their own home.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77603_1993127563"/>3. The Pronoun 自己 </title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 我妈妈不喜欢自己一个人吃饭。 她常常等爸爸回来一起吃。</para>
- <para>My mom does not like to eat by herself. She always waits for my dad to come home and eat with him together.</para>
- <para>2.) 小丁喜欢逛商店。有的时候她和朋友一起去, 有的时候她自己去。 </para>
- <para>Xiaoding likes to go shopping. Sometimes she goes with her friends, sometimes she goes by herself.</para>
- <para>3.) 在爸爸、妈妈的家, 我有自己的房间。在大学里, 我和我的室友一起住。</para>
- <para>At my parent's home, I have my own room. At the university, I live with my roommate.</para>
- <para>4.) 现在, 很多大学生都有自己的电脑和手机。</para>
- <para>Now, many college students have their own computer and cell phone.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77605_1993127563"/>4. The Expression 一点儿也不</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 小丁的妈妈真年轻, 一点儿也不像五十多岁的人。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding's mom is (looks) very young, she doesn't look like a person in her fifties at all.</para>
- <para>2.) 昨天的考试一点儿也不难, 同学们都很高兴。</para>
- <para>Yesterday's exam was not difficult at all, all the students were very happy.</para>
- <para>3.) 小丁和学友上个星期去中国了, 可是我一点儿也不知道。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou went to China last week, however, I knew nothing about it. </para>
- <para>4.) 我的室友是日裔美国人, 可是他一点儿也不会说日文。</para>
- <para>My roommate is a Japanese American, however, he does not speak Japanese at all.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77607_1993127563"/>5. The conjunction 不过“but, however”</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 我和我姐姐都很喜欢看中国电影。 不过, 我更喜欢看美国电影。</para>
- <para>Both me and my sister like to see Chinese movies. But I like to see American movies even more.</para>
- <para>2.) 学友的中文说得很好。 不过, 他的汉字写得不太好。</para>
- <para>Xueyou speaks very good Chinese. But he does not write good Chinese Characters.</para>
- <para>3.) 王老师每星期都给他太太打电话。 不过, 这个星期他太忙了, 没有给他太太打电话。 </para>
- <para>Teacher Wang calls his wife every week. But this week he was too busy, and (he) didn't call his wife. </para>
- <para>4.) 中国的历史很久远, 也很丰富。 不过, 学起来很不容易。</para>
- <para>China has a long and rich history. But it is not easy to study.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77609_1993127563"/>6. The expression 正是 "happens to be just the ..."</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 这正是我要的那本书, 请问我可以借一下儿吗？</para>
- <para>This just happens to be the book that I want to borrow, may I borrow it for a while?</para>
- <para>2.) 小丁正是我的中文班的同学, 怎麽, 你也认识她？</para>
- <para>Xiaoding happens to be a classmate in my Chinese class. What？Do you also know her?</para>
- <para>3.) 这个月的十号正是我二十岁的生日, 我想请几个好朋友来我家玩儿。</para>
- <para>The tenth of this month just happens to be my twentieth birthday, I would like to invite some good friends to come over and have fun.</para>
- <para>4.) 你想找一位从台湾来的老师吗？谢老师正是从台湾来的。</para>
- <para>Do you want to look for a teacher from Taiwan？Teacher Xie just happens to be from Taiwan.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77611_1993127563"/>7. The pattern 不仅...而且... "not only...but also"</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 学历史不仅是为了了解过去, 而且是为了指导未来。 </para>
- <para>Studying history is not only to understand the past, but also to guide us to the future.</para>
- <para>2.) 小丁不仅会说中文, 而且会唱中文歌儿。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding not only knows how to speak Chinese, but also can sing Chinese songs.</para>
- <para>3.) 大为今年暑假不仅注册了一门心理学的课, 而且注册了一门中国历史的课。</para>
- <para>Dawei not only registered for a psychology class this sumemr, but also registered for a Chinese history class.</para>
- <para>4.) 王老师不仅教小丁口语, 也教小丁阅读。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang not only teaches Xiaoding Conversation, he also teaches Xiaoding Reading.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77613_1993127563"/>8. The expression 所谓 "so-called", usually used when a speaker or writer wants to quote from a source, e.g. slang, idioms, proverbs etc.</title>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 所谓“古为今用”, 意思就是历史上的经验可以用在现在。</para>
- <para>What is said "gu3we2iji1nyo4ng", means that the experience in the past can be used for the present ("make the past serve the present").</para>
- <para>2.) 所谓“百里挑一”, 意思就是一百个人里最好的一个。</para>
- <para>The phrase that goes "ba3ili3tia1oyi1", means "one of the best in one hundred people" ("one in a hundred").</para>
- <para>3.) 所谓“百闻不如一见”, 意思就是听了很多, 不如亲自去看一看。</para>
- <para>The saying "ba3iwe2nbu4ru2yi1jia4n", means that (even if you) have heard a lot about something, it would be better to have a look at it with your own eyes("seeing is believing"). </para>
- <para>4.) 所谓“有志者事竟成”, 意思就是有决心的人, 事业一定会成功。</para>
- <para>The saying "yo3uzhi4zhe3shi4ji4nche2ng", means that as long as you have the will, you will succeed in your career/efforts("where there is a will, there is a way"). </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77615_1993127563"/>Lesson 31</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77617_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77619_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>We took a seventeen hour flight</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(In the CAAC's flight, to the left of Ding Renmei is her boyfriend Xie Xueyou, to her right is a young man about thirty years old. This young man looks Chinese. He nods at Xiaoding and her boyfriend politely. )</para>
- <para>The young man: Hi!</para>
- <para>Xiaoding: Hello. May I ask, are you Chinese?</para>
- <para>The young man: Yes. (I) didn't expect that you can speak Chinese. Your Chinese pronunciation is very standard.</para>
- <para>Xiaoding: No, not at all.</para>
- <para>The young man: For how long have you studied Chinese?</para>
- <para>Xiaoding: I have studied Chinese for two years in my university. (I) don't speak well. So, this time, I am going to Beijing University to attend a short-term language training program with my boyfriend. </para>
- <para>The young man: That's great. Beijing University just happens to be my alma mater. Before I came to the U.S., I studied in the Computer Science Department at Beijing University for four years.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: How long have you been in the U.S.?</para>
- <para>The young man: For over six years. Now I am working in an American company. This time I am going back to China on a business trip. I can also take the opportunity to see my parents and friends.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Do you often go back to China?</para>
- <para>The young man: No. This is my first time to go back to China. </para>
- <para>Xiaoding: Then, your mom and dad must be very happy.</para>
- <para>The young man: Right. They will both come to the airport to pick me up. Is there anyone to pick you up?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Yes. Teacher Liu from the Foreign Affairs Office of Beijing University will pick us up. </para>
- <para>The young man: That's good. (We) have a few more minutes before we arrive in Beijing. I hope everything goes well for your stay in Beijing!</para>
- <para>Xiaoding, Xueyou: Thank you. (We) also wish everything goes well for you!</para>
- <para>(At the exit of the Beijing International Airport, Xiaoding and Xueyou met Teacher Liu from the Foreign Affairs Office of Beijing University.)</para>
- <para>Xiaoding: Are you Teacher Liu from the Foreign Affairs Office of Beijing University?</para>
- <para>Teacher Liu: Right. You must be Ding Renmei and Xie Xueyou.</para>
- <para>Xueyou, Xiaoding: Yes. Hello, Teacher Liu!</para>
- <para>Teacher Liu: Hello. Welcome to Beijing! You must have had a tiring journey! From New York to Beijing, how long were you on the plane (how long was the flight)?</para>
- <para>Xiaoding: We took a seventeen hour flight (on the plane for seventeen hours). </para>
- <para>Teacher Liu: O.K. Let's get in the car. You can take a good rest as soon as you arrive at school. </para>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77621_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>我们坐了十七个小时飞机</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(在中国民航的班机上, 丁人美的左边是她的男朋友谢学友, 右边是一个三</para>
- <para>十岁左右的年轻人。 这个年轻人长得很像中国人。 他很有礼貌地对小丁</para>
- <para>和她的男朋友点点头。)</para>
- <para>年轻人：Hi！</para>
- <para>小丁：你好！请问, 你是中国人吗？</para>
- <para>年轻人：是。 没想到你会说中文。 你的中文发音很标准。</para>
- <para>小丁：哪里哪里。</para>
- <para>年轻人：你学了多长时间的中文了？</para>
- <para>小丁：我在大学学了两年的中文了。 说得不太好, 所以这次和我的男朋友一起去北京大学参加一个短期语言训练班。</para>
- <para>年轻人：那太好了。 北京大学正是我的母校。 我来美国以前, 在北京大学的计算机系学了四年。</para>
- <para>学友：你在美国呆了多长时间？</para>
- <para>年轻人：六年多了。 现在我在一家美国公司工作, 这次回国是出差, 顺便也看看父母和朋友们。</para>
- <para>学友：你常回中国吗？</para>
- <para>年轻人：不。 这是我第一次回中国。</para>
- <para>小丁：那你爸爸﹑妈妈一定很高兴。</para>
- <para>年轻人：对。 他们都会来机场接我。 有人接你们吗？</para>
- <para>学友：有。 北京大学外事办的刘老师会来接我们。</para>
- <para>年轻人：那就好。 还有几分钟就要到北京了。 祝你们在北京一切顺利！</para>
- <para>小丁﹑学友：谢谢。 也祝你一切顺利！</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(在北京国际机场的出口处, 小丁和学友见到了北京大学外事办的刘老师。)</para>
- <para>小丁：您是北京大学外事办的刘老师吧？</para>
- <para>刘老师：对。 你们一定是丁人美和谢学友。</para>
- <para>学友﹑小丁：是的。 刘老师好！</para>
- <para>刘老师：你们好！欢迎你们来北京！路上辛苦了! 从纽约到北京, 你们坐了多长时间的飞机？</para>
- <para>小丁：我们坐了十七个小时的飞机。</para>
- <para>刘老师：好, 请上车吧。到了学校你们就可以好好休息一下儿了。</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77623_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>初級第三十一課: 對話 我們坐了十七個小時飛機</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(在中國民航的班機上﹐丁人美的左邊是她的男朋友謝學友﹐右邊是一個三十歲左右的年輕人。 這個年輕人長得很像中國人。 他很有禮貌地對小丁和她的男朋友點點頭。)</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>年輕人﹕Hi﹗</para>
- <para>小丁﹕你好﹗請問﹐你是中國人嗎﹖</para>
- <para>年輕人﹕是。 沒想到你會說中文。 你的中文發音很標準。</para>
- <para>小丁﹕哪裡哪裡。</para>
- <para>年輕人﹕你學了多長時間的中文了﹖</para>
- <para>小丁﹕我在大學學了兩年的中文了。 說得不太好﹐所以這次和我的男朋友一起去北京大學參加一個短期語言訓練班。</para>
- <para>年輕人﹕那太好了。 北京大學正是我的母校。 我來美國以前﹐在北京大學的計算機系學了四年。</para>
- <para>學友﹕你在美國呆了多長時間﹖</para>
- <para>年輕人﹕六年多了。 現在我在一家美國公司工作﹐這次回國是出差﹐順便也看看父母和朋友們。</para>
- <para>學友﹕你常回中國嗎﹖</para>
- <para>年輕人﹕不。 這是我第一次回中國。</para>
- <para>小丁﹕那你爸爸﹑媽媽一定很高興。</para>
- <para>年輕人﹕對。 他們都會來機場接我。 有人接你們嗎﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕有。 北京大學外事辦的劉老師會來接我們。</para>
- <para>年輕人﹕那就好。 還有幾分鐘就要到北京了。 祝你們在北京一切順利﹗</para>
- <para>小丁﹑學友﹕謝謝。 也祝你一切順利﹗</para>
- <para> (在北京國際機場的出口處﹐小丁和學友見到了北京大學外事辦的劉老師。)</para>
- <para>小丁﹕您是北京大學外事辦的劉老師吧﹖</para>
- <para>劉老師﹕對。 你們一定是丁人美和謝學友。</para>
- <para>學友﹑小丁﹕是的。 劉老師好﹗</para>
- <para>劉老師﹕你們好﹗歡迎你們來北京﹗路上辛苦了! 從紐約到北京﹐你們坐了多長時間的飛機﹖</para>
- <para>小丁﹕我們坐了十七個小時的飛機。</para>
- <para>劉老師﹕好﹐請上車吧。到了學校你們就可以好好休息一下兒了。</para>
- <para>初级第三十一课: 对话 我们坐了十七个小时飞机</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77625_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Wǒmen Zuò Le Shíqī Ge Xiǎoshí Fēijī</para>
- <para>(Zài Zhōngguo mínháng de bānjī shang, Dīng Rénměi de zuǒbiān shì tā de nán péngyou Xiè Xuéyǒu, yòubiān shì yí ge sānshí suì zuǒyòu de niánqīng réen. Zhè ge niánqīng rén zhǎng de hěn xiàng Zhōngguo rén. Tā hěn yǒu lǐmào de duì Xiǎo Dīng hé tā de nán péngyou diǎndiǎn tóu.)</para>
- <para>Niánqīng rén: Hi!</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng: Nǐ hǎo! Qǐngwèn, nǐ shì Zhōngguo rén ma?</para>
- <para>Niánqīng rén: Shì. Méi xiǎng dào nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén. Nǐ de Zhōngwén fāyīn hěn biāozhǔn.</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng: Nǎlǐ nǎlǐ.</para>
- <para>Niánqīng rén: Nǐ xué le duōcháng shíjiān de Zhōngwén le ?</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng: Wǒ zài dàxué xué le liǎng nián de Zhōngwén le. Shuō de bú tài hǎo, suǒyǐ zhè cì hé wǒ de nán péngyou yìqǐ qù Běijīng dàxué cānjiā yí ge duǎnqī yǔyán xùnliàn bān.</para>
- <para>Niánqīng rén: Nà tài hǎo le. Běijīng dàxué zhèng shì wǒ de mǔxiào. Wǒ lái Měiguo yǐqián, zài Běijīng dàxué de jìsuànjī xì xué le sì nián.</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng: Nǐ zài Měiguo dāi le duōcháng shíjiān ?</para>
- <para>Niánqīng rén: Liù nián duō le. Xiànzài wǒ zài yì jiā Měiguo gōngsī gōngzuò, zhè cì huí guó shì chūuchāi, shùnbiàn yě kànkan fùmǔ hé péngyoumen.</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng: Nǐ cháng huí Zhōngguo ma ?</para>
- <para>Niánqīng rén: Bù. Zhè shì wǒ dì yī cì huí Zhōngguo.</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng: Nà nǐ bàba māma yídìng hěn gāoxìng.</para>
- <para>Niánqīng rén: Duì. Tāmen dōu huì lái jīchǎng jiē wǒ. Yǒu rén jiē nǐmen ma ?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Yǒu. Běijīng dàxué wàishìbàn de Liú lǎoshī huì lái jiē wǒmen.</para>
- <para>Niánqīng rén: Nà jiù hǎao. Háiyǒu jǐ fēnzhōng jiù yào dào Běijīng le. Zhù nǐmen zài Běijīng yíqiè shùnlì!</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng, Xuéyǒu: Yě zhù nǐ yíqiè shùnlì!</para>
- <para> (Zài Běijīng guójì jīchǎng de chūkǒuchù, Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu jiàndào le Běijīng dàxué </para>
- <para>wàishìbàn de Liú lǎoshī.)</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng: Nín shì Běijīng dàxué wàishìbàn de Liú lǎoshī ba?</para>
- <para>Liú Lǎoshī:Duì. Nǐmen yídìng shì Dīng Rénměi hé Xiè Xuéyǒu.</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng, Xuéyǒu: Shì de. Liú lǎoshī hǎo!</para>
- <para>Liú Lǎoshī:Nǐmen hǎo! Huānying nǐmen lái Běijīng! Lùshang xīnkǔ le! Cóng Niǔyuē dào Běijīng, nǐmen zuò le duōcháng shíjiān de fēijī?</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng: Wǒmen zuò le shíqī ge xiǎoshí de fēijī.</para>
- <para>Liú Lăoshi:Hăo, qĭng shàng chē ba. Dào le xuéxiào nĭmen jiù kĕyĭ hăohāor xiūxi yíxiàr le.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77627_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77629_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Just arrived in Beijing</para>
- <para/>
- <para>The plane that Xie Xueyou and Ding Renmei took landed safely at Beijing International Airport. Xueyou looked at his watch, from NewYork to Beijing, the plane flew for over ten hours. China is really too far away from the U.S..</para>
- <para>When Xueyou and Xiaoding walked into the Customs hall, they were very surprised! The Beijing International Airport is really big and beautiful. When they were in the States, Teacher Wang told them that in recent years, Beijing has changed a lot; the International Airport is also a new modern airport. </para>
- <para>Xueyou and Xiaoding went out of Customs, and saw Teacher Liu from the Foreign Affairs Office of Beijing University. They all got in a car. On the highway from the airport to Beijing downtown, Xueyou and Xiaoding saw a lot of cars, (they) also saw a lot of beautiful tall buildings. Teacher Liu told them Beijing is the political, cultural and economic center of China. It has a population of over 10 million. In addition, Beijing attracts more than 100, 000 foreign tourists from all over the world every year. It is also a tourist resort.</para>
- <para>From the airport to Beijing Universtiy, the car drove for one and a half hours. When they arrived at the university, it was already past 8:00pm. Teacher Liu arranged for them to stay in the foreign students dormitory. Teacher Liu told them to rest early today. He would take them to do the registration the next day.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77631_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>初到北京</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>谢学友和丁人美乘坐的飞机平安地降落在北京国际机场。 学友看了一下儿手錶, 从纽约到北京, 飞机飞了十多个小时。 中国离美国实在太远了。 当学友和小丁走进海关大厅的时候, 他们都非常惊讶！北京国际机场真大, 真漂亮。在美国的时候, 王老师就告诉他们, 这几年北京的变化非常大, 国际机场也是一座现代化的新机场。 学友和小丁出了海关, 见到了北京大学外事办的刘老师。 大家一起上了车。在从机场到北京城里的高速公路上, 学友和小丁看到了很多汽车, 也看到了很多漂亮的高层建筑。 刘老师告诉他们, 北京是中国的政治, 经济和文化中心, 有一千多万人口。 此外, 北京每年吸引十多万来自世界各地的游客, 也是一个旅游胜地。 从机场到北京大学, 汽车开了一个半小时。 学友和小丁到学校的时候, 已经是晚上八点多了。 刘老师安排他们住在留学生宿舍。 刘老师告诉他们, 今天早点儿休息, 明天再带他们办理报到注册的手续。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77633_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>初到北京</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>謝學友和丁人美乘坐的飛機平安地降落在北京國際機場。 學友看了一下兒手錶﹐從紐約到北京﹐飛機飛了十多個小時。 中國離美國實在太遠了。 當學友和小丁走進海關大廳的時候﹐他們都非常驚訝﹗北京國際機場真大﹐真漂亮。在美國的時候﹐王老師就告訴他們﹐這幾年北京的變化非常大﹐國際機場也是一座現代化的新機場。 學友和小丁出了海關﹐ 見到了北京大學外事辦的劉老師。 大家一起上了車。在從機場到北京城里的高速公路上﹐ 學友和小丁看到了很多汽車﹐也看到了很多漂亮的高層建築。 劉老師告訴他們﹐北京是中國的政治﹐經濟和文化中心﹐有一千多萬人口。 此外﹐北京每年吸引十多萬來自世界各地的游客﹐也是一個旅游勝地。 從機場到北京大學﹐汽車開了一個半小時。 學友和小丁到學校的時候﹐已經是晚上八點多了。 劉老師安排他們住在留學生宿舍。 劉老師告訴他們﹐今天早點兒休息﹐明天再帶他們辦理報到註冊的手續。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77635_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Chū Dào Běijīng</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xiè Xuéyǒu hé Dīng Rénměi chéng zuò de fēijī píng’ān de jiàngluò zài Běijīng guójì jīchǎng. Xuéyǒu kàn le yí xiàr shǒubiǎo, cóng Niǔyuē dào Běijīng, fēijī fēi le shí duō ge xiǎoshí. Zhōngguo lí Měiguo shízài tài yuǎn le. Dāng Xuéyǒu hé Xiǎo Dīng zǒu jìn hǎiguān dàtīng deshíhou, tāmen dōu fēicháng jīngyà ! Běijīng guójì jīchǎng zhēn dà, zhēn piàoliang. Zài Měiguo deshíhou, Wǎng lǎoshī jiù gàosu tāmen, zhè jǐ nián Běijīng de biànhuà fēicháng dà, guójì jīcháng yě shì yí zuò xiàndàihuà de xīn jīchǎng. Xuéyǒu hé Xiǎo Dīng chū le hǎiguān, jiàn dào le Běijīng dàxué wàishìbàn de Liú lǎoshī. Dàjiā yìqǐ shàng le chē. Zài cóng jīchǎng dào Běijīng chéng lǐ de gāosù gōnglù shàng, Xuéyǒu hé Xiǎo Dīng kàn dào le hěn duō qìchē, yě kàn dào le hěn duō piàoliang de gāocéng jiànzhù. Liú lǎoshī gàosu tāmen, Běijīng shì Zhōngguo de zhèngzhì, jīngjì hé wénhuà zhōngxīn, yǒu yì qiān duō wàn rénkǒu. Cǐwài, Běijīng měi nián xīyǐn shí duō wàn láizì shìjiè gèdì de yóukè, yě shì yí ge lǚyóu shèngdì. Cóng jīchǎng dào Běijīng dàxué, qìchē kāi le yí ge bàn xiǎoshí. Xuéyǒu hé Xiǎo Dīng dào xuéxiào de shíhou, yǐjīng shì wǎnshang bā diǎn duō le. Liú lǎoshī ānpái tāmen zhù zài liúxuéshēng sùshè. Liú lǎoshī gàosù tāmen, jīntiān zǎo diǎnr xiīxi, míngtiān zài dài tāmen bànlǐ bàodào zhùcè de shǒuxù.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77637_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry><entry><para/></entry></row><row><entry><para>班机</para></entry><entry><para> bānjī </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>flight</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>左右</para></entry><entry><para> zuǒyòu </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>about, approximately</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>长得…</para></entry><entry><para> zhǎngde</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to look like, to be grown</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>礼貌</para></entry><entry><para> lǐmào </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>polite</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>点头</para></entry><entry><para> diǎntóu</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to nod</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>没想到</para></entry><entry><para> méixiǎngdào </para></entry><entry><para>idiom exp.</para></entry><entry><para>did not think</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>发音 </para></entry><entry><para>fāyīn </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>pronunciation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>标准 </para></entry><entry><para>biāozhǔn </para></entry><entry><para> adj.</para></entry><entry><para>precise, standard</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>训练班</para></entry><entry><para> xùnliànbān </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>training class, training program</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>母校 </para></entry><entry><para>mǔxiào </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> alma mater </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>计算机 </para></entry><entry><para> jìsuànjī </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> computer</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>系</para></entry><entry><para>xì </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>department</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>呆</para></entry><entry><para>dāi </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para> to stay</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>家</para></entry><entry><para>jiā </para></entry><entry><para>measure word</para></entry><entry><para>for families or business establishments</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>公司 </para></entry><entry><para>gōngsī </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>company</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>出差 </para></entry><entry><para>chūchāi</para></entry><entry><para>v.phrase </para></entry><entry><para>to go on a business trip</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>顺便 </para></entry><entry><para>shùnbiàn </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>by taking advantage of the opportunity</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>那</para></entry><entry><para>nà </para></entry><entry><para>conj. </para></entry><entry><para>then, in that case </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>外事办</para></entry><entry><para> wàishìbàn</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>foreign affairs office </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>出口处 </para></entry><entry><para>chūkǒuchù</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>exit</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>上车 </para></entry><entry><para>shàngchē </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>phrase to get in a car/on a bus</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>乘坐 </para></entry><entry><para>chéngzuò</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to take (train/boat/plan)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>降落 </para></entry><entry><para>jiàngluò </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para> to land</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>实在 </para></entry><entry><para>shízàiad</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>really</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>当...的时候</para></entry><entry><para>dāng...deshíhòu</para></entry><entry><para> prep.phrase </para></entry><entry><para> (at the time) when</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>走进 </para></entry><entry><para>zǒujìn </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to walk/step into</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>海关</para></entry><entry><para> hǎiguān</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> customs</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>大厅</para></entry><entry><para> dàtīng </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> hall</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>惊讶 </para></entry><entry><para>jīngyà</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>suprised</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>变化 </para></entry><entry><para>biànhuà</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> change</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>座</para></entry><entry><para>zuò </para></entry><entry><para>measure word</para></entry><entry><para>for mountains, buildings or other simmilar immovable objects</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>现代化 </para></entry><entry><para> xiàndàihuà </para></entry><entry><para> adj.</para></entry><entry><para>modernized</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>出</para></entry><entry><para>chū</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to exit</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>高速公路</para></entry><entry><para>gāosùgōnglù </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para> highway</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>高层建筑</para></entry><entry><para>gāocéngjiànzhù</para></entry><entry><para>n.phrase </para></entry><entry><para>tall building</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>政治 </para></entry><entry><para>zhèngzhì </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> politics</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>经济 </para></entry><entry><para>jīngjì </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> economics</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>文化</para></entry><entry><para> wénhuà</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>culture</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>人口 </para></entry><entry><para>rénkǒu </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> population</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>此外 </para></entry><entry><para>cǐwài </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>in addition to, besides </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>吸引 </para></entry><entry><para>xīyǐn</para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para> to attract</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>来自</para></entry><entry><para> láizì</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para> to come from</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>世界各地</para></entry><entry><para>shìjiègèdì</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> all over the world</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>游客 </para></entry><entry><para>yóukè </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>tourist</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>旅游 </para></entry><entry><para>lǚyóu </para></entry><entry><para>v.n.</para></entry><entry><para>to tour, tour</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>旅游胜地</para></entry><entry><para>lǚyóushèngdì </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>tourist resort</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>开</para></entry><entry><para>kāi</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to drive</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>办理 </para></entry><entry><para>bànlǐ</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to handle, to process</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>报到注册</para></entry><entry><para>bàodàozhùcè</para></entry><entry><para>v.phrase</para></entry><entry><para> to register</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>手续 </para></entry><entry><para>shǒuxù</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>precedure, paper work </para></entry></row><row><entry><para>辛苦 </para></entry><entry><para>xīnkǔ </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>hard; not easy</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77639_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77641_1993127563"/>1. Time Measure Words</title>
- <para>Time measure words are used to indicate the point of time whenan action takes place, or the duration of time in which an action happens. The position of time measure words, however, are different in different situations.</para>
- <para>(1.) When time measure words indicate the point of time, they are placed before the verb, or before the first verb in sentences where there are series of verbs. The structure should be: </para>
- <para> S + point of time + V + (O)</para>
- <para> or S + point of time + V1 + O1 + V2 + O2</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁和学友的飞机上午十点五十分起飞。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou's plane will take off at 10:50am.</para>
- <para>2.)她的男朋友今天晚上九点会来她的宿舍看她。</para>
- <para>Her boyfriend will come to her dorm and see her at 9:00pm tonight. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) When time measure words indicate the duration of time, they function as a complement and are placed after the verb. </para>
- <para>--For sentences without objects, the structure should be:</para>
- <para> S + V + duration of time</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.) 从纽约到北京, 飞机要飞十多个小时。</para>
- <para>From New York to Beijing, the plane will fly for over ten hours. </para>
- <para>2.) 从机场到北京大学, 汽车开了一个半小时。</para>
- <para>From the airport to Beijing University, the car drove for one and a half hours. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>--For sentences with an object, the structure should be (note that the first repetition of the verb is often optional in this pattern):</para>
- <para> S + (V) + O + V + duration of time</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.) 小丁要学中文学两年。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding will study Chinese for two years.</para>
- <para>2.) 小丁和学友坐飞机坐了十七个小时。</para>
- <para> 或者(huo4zhe3: or) 小丁和学友飞机坐了十七个小时。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou were on the plane for seventeen hours. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Sometimes, the object can also be preposed in this kind of sentence and there is no need to repeat the verb. The structure should be:</para>
- <para> O + S + V + duration of time</para>
- <para>For example: </para>
- <para>1.) 中文小丁要学两年。</para>
- <para>Chinese, Xiaoding will study for two years.</para>
- <para>2.) 飞机小丁和学友坐了十七个小时。</para>
- <para>The plane, Xiaoding and Xueyou were on for seventeen hours. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>As can be observed in the above examples, verbs in sentences with time measure words indicating duration can take different aspects. </para>
- <para>The following are structures and examples of the use of time complements (that is, time measure words that indicate the duration of time)in combination with the perfective aspect used to refer to the past, the present, and the future aspects of action.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>a. The perfective in reference to the past. The structure should be:</para>
- <para>S + (V) + O + V + 了 + duration of time</para>
- <para>or O + S + V + 了 + duration of time</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.) 今天世海学中文学了一个半小时。</para>
- <para> 或者(huo4zhe3: or) 今天世海中文学了一个半小时。</para>
- <para>Today Shihai has studied Chinese for one and a half hours.</para>
- <para>2.) 中文世海学了一个半小时。</para>
- <para>Chinese, Shihai has studied for one and a half hours.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. The perfective in reference to the present. The structure should be:</para>
- <para>S + V + O + V + duration of time</para>
- <para>or O + S + V + duration of time</para>
- <para>For example: </para>
- <para>1.)世海每天学中文学一个半小时。</para>
- <para>Every day Shihai studies Chinese for one and a half hours.</para>
- <para>2.)中文世海每天学一个半小时。</para>
- <para>Chinese, Shihai studies for one and a half hours every day.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>c. The perfective in reference to the future. The structure should be:</para>
- <para>S + 要/会 + V + O + V + duration of time</para>
- <para>or O + S + 要/会 + V + duration of time</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.)世海明天要/会学中文学一个半小时。</para>
- <para>Tomorrow Shihai will study Chinese for one and a half hours.</para>
- <para>2.)中文世海明天要/会学一个半小时。</para>
- <para>Chinese, Shihai will study for one and a half hours tomorrow.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(3.) Using the 的 structure to indicate the point of time or the duration of time in a sentence. This pattern allows the object to be placed after the verb and time phrase. The structure should be:</para>
- <para> S + V + point of time/duration of time + 的 + O</para>
- <para> The "point of time/duration of time + 的" structure can be seen as a structure that modifies the object of a sentence. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁和学友坐上午十点五十分的飞机。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou took/will take the 10:50am plane.</para>
- <para>2.)世海每天下午上三点半的中文课。</para>
- <para>Shihai goes to the 3:30pm Chinese class every day.</para>
- <para>3.)小丁和学友坐了十七个小时的飞机。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou had a seventeen hour flight.</para>
- <para>4.)世海每天学一个半小时的中文。</para>
- <para>Shihai studies one and a half hours of Chinese every day.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(4.) Asking questions about the point of time or duration of time.</para>
- <para>a. When asking questions about the point of time, the question word is "几点" or "什麽时候" which are place where the time word normally goes in the sentence. For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.)小丁和学友的飞机什麽时候起飞？</para>
- <para>When is Xiaoding and Xueyou's plane going to take off?</para>
- <para>2.)他们几点到北京大学？</para>
- <para>At what time did they arrive in Beijing University?</para>
- <para>3.)世海每天上几点的中文课？</para>
- <para>At what time does Shihai have his Chinese class?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. When asking questions about the duration of time, the question word is "多久" or "多长时间" which are place where the time complement normally goes in the sentence. For example: </para>
- <para/>
- <para>1.)从机场到北京大学, 汽车开了多久？</para>
- <para>From the airport to Beijing University, for how long did the car drive?</para>
- <para>2.)小丁学中文学了多长时间？</para>
- <para>For how long has Xiaoding studied Chinese?</para>
- <para>3.)小丁和学友坐了多长时间的飞机？</para>
- <para>How long were Xiaoding and Xueyou on the plane?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>2. The Approximate Number Indicators--"几" and "多""几" and "多" are two approximate number indicators in Chinese that appear with measure words in counting. However, the positions and the meaning implications of these two characters are different.</para>
- <para>(1.)When 几 is used by itself, it refers to an approximate number that is less than ten. For example: </para>
- <para>1.)甲：你有几本中文书？</para>
- <para>乙：我有五本中文书。</para>
- <para>A: How many Chines books do you have?</para>
- <para>B: I have five Chinese books.</para>
- <para>2.)今天晚上我要和几个老朋友一起吃晚饭。</para>
- <para>Tonight I am going to have dinner with some (less than ten) old friends.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>When 几 is combined with number words such as 十, 百, 千, 万, it can be placed either before the number words, or after the number words. The approximate number it refers to, however, is different when it is placed in different positions.</para>
- <para>a. When 几 is placed before the number words, for example:</para>
- <para>Phrase Range of number</para>
- <para>几十 10-90</para>
- <para>几百 100-900</para>
- <para>几千 1, 000-9, 000</para>
- <para>几万 10, 000-90, 000</para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. When 几 is placed after the number words, it is placed after "十" or </para>
- <para>"零". It cannot be placed right after "百", "千", "万". For example:</para>
- <para>Phrase Range of number</para>
- <para>十几 11-19</para>
- <para>二十几 21-29</para>
- <para>三十几 31-39</para>
- <para>. .</para>
- <para>. .</para>
- <para>. .</para>
- <para>一百零几101-109</para>
- <para>一百一十几 111-119</para>
- <para>一百二十几 121-129</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) When 多 is used to ask questions about numbers, the phrase "多少" is used to ask about approximate numbers that are expected to be more than ten. For example:</para>
- <para>1.)甲：你的大学有多少学生？</para>
- <para>乙：我的大学有三万个学生。</para>
- <para>A: How many students does you university have?</para>
- <para>B: My university has 30, 000 students.</para>
- <para>2.)甲：你们学校的东亚图书馆有多少本中文书？</para>
- <para>乙：有五万本中文书。</para>
- <para>A: How many Chinese books does the East Asian Library in your university have?</para>
- <para>B: (It) has 50, 000 Chinese books.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>a. 多 can never be placed right before number words such as 十, 百, 千, 万.</para>
- <para>b. 多 can be placed after number words such as 十, 百, 千, 万, and it is always followed by measure words.</para>
- <para>Phrase Range of number</para>
- <para>十多(个)11-19</para>
- <para>二十多(个) 21-29</para>
- <para>三十多(个) 31-39</para>
- <para>..</para>
- <para>..</para>
- <para>..</para>
- <para>一百多(个) 101-109</para>
- <para>一百一十多(个)111-119</para>
- <para>一百二十多(个)121-129</para>
- <para>二百多(个) 201-299</para>
- <para>三千多(个) 3, 001-3, 999</para>
- <para>四万多(个) 40, 001-49, 999</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(3.) The use of the approximate number indicators "几" and "多" with the four major time units (TU) "年", "月", "星期" and "天/日".</para>
- <para>a. When 几 is combined with the four major time units "年", "月", "星期" and "天/日" number + TU 几 + TU 几 + number + TU number(十) + 几 + TU </para>
- <para>一年 几年 几十年 十几年</para>
- <para>一个*月 几个月几十个月 二十几个月</para>
- <para>一个*星期几个星期几十个星期 三十几个星期</para>
- <para>一天 几天 几百天 一百一十几天</para>
- <para/>
- <para>*Note: 年 and 天 are measure words, whereas 月 and 星期 are nouns taking 个 as their measure word.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. When 多 is combined with the four major time units "年", "月", "星期" and "天/日" number "一"numbers no more than 10 numbers more than 10 (in units of 10)</para>
- <para>number + TUnumber + TU + 多 number + 多 + TU </para>
- <para> /number + measure + 多 + TU /number + 多 + measure + TU</para>
- <para>一年 五年多十多年</para>
- <para>一个月六个多月 二十多个月</para>
- <para>一个星期 三个多星期 一百多个星期</para>
- <para>一天 十天多一千多天</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77643_1993127563"/>3. The Ordinal Number 第</title>
- <para>"第 + numeral + measure word" is used to form ordinal expressions. </para>
- <para>For example: </para>
- <para>1.)这是我第一次回中国。</para>
- <para>This is my first time to return to China.</para>
- <para>2.)今天王老师教了第三十一课。</para>
- <para>Today Teacher Wang taught Lesson 31.</para>
- <para>3.)母亲节是每年五月的第二个星期天。</para>
- <para>Mother's day is the second Sunday of May in every year. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77645_1993127563"/>4. The Structure 从...到...</title>
- <para>The structure 从...到... means "from...to...". It is used to indicate a period of time (from one time to another time), or to indicate a distance (from one place to another place). For example:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(1.) 从 + time + 到 + time</para>
- <para>1.)从一九九四年到一九九八年, 他在北京大学的计算机系学了四年。</para>
- <para>From 1994 to 1998, he studied in the Computer Science Department of Beijing University for four years.</para>
- <para>2.)从晚上八点到十一点, 我看了三个小时的中文。</para>
- <para>From 8:00pm to 11:00pm, I read Chinese for three hours.</para>
- <para>(2.) 从 + place + 到 +place</para>
- <para>1.)从上海到北京, 飞机飞了一个小时。</para>
- <para>From Shanghai to Beijing, the plane flew for a hour.</para>
- <para>2.)从宿舍到学生活动中心, 小丁走了十分钟。</para>
- <para>From the dorm to the student activity center, Xiaoding walked for ten minutes.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77647_1993127563"/>5. The Structure 当...的时候 </title>
- <para>The structure "当...的时候" functions as a time clause. The usage of this structure is similar to the time clause headed by "when" in English.</para>
- <para>However, as the "when" clause can be placed either at the beginning of a sentence or at the end of a sentence, the structure "当...的时候" can only be placed at the beginning of a sentence. Usually, 当 is left out and the structure simply becomes "...的时候". For example:</para>
- <para>1.)当学友和小丁走进海关大厅的时候, 他们都非常惊讶。</para>
- <para>When Xueyou and Xiaoding walked into the Customs Hall, they were very</para>
- <para>surprised.</para>
- <para>2.)学友和小丁到学校的时候, 已经是晚上八点多了。 </para>
- <para>When Xueyou and Xiaoding arrived at the school, it was already over 8:00pm.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77649_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77651_1993127563"/>1. The Time Measure Complement</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>大为每天下午三点半上中文课.</para>
- <para>Dawei has a Chinese class at 3:30pm every day.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>世海下午四点去东亚图书馆看中文杂志。</para>
- <para>Shihai went to the East Asian Library and read Chinese magazines at 4:00pm.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个年轻人想在美国学习四年。</para>
- <para>This young man wants to study in the U.S. for four years.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁在她的大学学中文学了两年。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding studied Chinese for two years in her university.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天晚上我听了一个小时的中国音乐。</para>
- <para>Last night I listened to an hour of Chinese music.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今年暑假我要上一个月的法语课。</para>
- <para>This summer I want to take a month of French.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77653_1993127563"/>2. The Approximate Number Indicators--"几" and "多"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我在北京有几个好朋友。 我想给你他们的电话。</para>
- <para>I have some (less than 10) good friends in Beijing. I would like to give you their phone numbers.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>坐了十多/几个小时的飞机, 你们一定很累了。</para>
- <para>(After) sitting in the plane for over ten hours, you must be very tired.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我有几十张中国音乐唱片, 你可以来我的宿舍听中国音乐。</para>
- <para>I have several dozen (10-90) Chinese music records. You can come to my dorm and listen to Chinese music.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我的大学很大, 有三万多个学生。</para>
- <para>My university is very big. (It) has over 30, 000 students. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友和小丁想在北京大学学习几个月的中文。</para>
- <para>Xueyou and Xiaoding would like to study several(less than 10) months' Chinese in Beijing University.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他在这家美国公司工作了四年多。</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>He has worked in this American company for over four years.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77655_1993127563"/>3. The Ordinal Number 第</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>王老师是小丁的第二个中文老师。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang is Xiaoding's second Chinese teacher.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天是小丁和学友到北京的第一天。</para>
- <para>Today is the first day since Xiaoding and Xueyou arrived in Beijing.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个生词在第三十课。</para>
- <para>This new word is in Lesson 30.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>去年我第一次去北京大学参加一个短期汉语培训班。</para>
- <para>Last year for the first time I went to Beijing University and attended a short-term intensive Chinese training program. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77657_1993127563"/>4. The Structure 从...到...</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>在从食堂到图书馆的路上, 我见到了小丁和她的男朋友。</para>
- <para>On the way from the dining hall to the library, I met Xiaoding and her boyfriend.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>从上海到洛杉矶, 飞机要飞十四个小时。</para>
- <para>From Shanghai to Los Angeles, a plane will fly fourteen hours.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>从一九九二年到一九九五年, 我在北京大学中文系学习。</para>
- <para>From 1992 to 1995, I studied in the Chinese Department of Beijing University.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>从晚上六点半到八点, 我和我的日本朋友一起吃晚饭。</para>
- <para>From 6:30pm to 8:00pm, I had dinner together with my Japanese friend(s).</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77659_1993127563"/>5. The Structure 当...的时候 </title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>当我收到爸爸妈妈的第一封信的时候, 我非常高兴。</para>
- <para>When I received the first letter from my mom and dad, I was very happy. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>当我第一次离开爸爸妈妈去上大学的时候, 妈妈心里很难过。</para>
- <para>When I left my parents for university for the first time, my mom was very upset. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我在北京学习的时候, 每天都去图书馆看书。</para>
- <para>When I was studying in Beijing, I went to the library and read every day.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁给大为打电话的时候, 大为正在看中文语法书呢。</para>
- <para>When Xiaoding called Dawei, Dawei was reading a Chinese Grammar 语法 book.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77661_1993127563"/>6. The Adverb 实在 "Really, truly"</title>truly<para/><orderedlist><listitem><para>中国离美国实在太远了。</para><para>China is really far away from the U.S.</para></listitem><listitem><para>我实在很累了。今天晚上我要早一点儿睡觉。</para><para>I am really very tired. Tonight I want to go to bed early.</para></listitem><listitem><para>北京的国际机场实在是太漂亮了。</para><para>Beijing's internation airport is really very beautiful. </para></listitem><listitem><para>昨天的考试不难, 同学们实在是太高兴了。</para><para>Yesterday's exam was not difficult. The students were really very happy.</para></listitem></orderedlist><para/></sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77663_1993127563"/>7. The Conjunction 此外 "In addition to, besides"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>北京是中国的政治、经济和文化中心。此外, 北京还是一个旅游胜地。</para>
- <para>Beijing is the political, economic and cultural center of China. In addition, it is also a tourist resort.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>古老师在东亚图书馆工作。此外, 她还教小丁书法。</para>
- <para>Teacher Gu works in the East Asian Library. In addition, she teaches Xiaoding calligraphy.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我很喜欢吃中国菜和日本菜。此外, 我还喜欢吃法国菜。</para>
- <para>I like to eat Chinese cuisine and Japanese cuisine very much. In addition, I also like to eat French cuisine.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我常常听中国古典音乐。此外, 我也喜欢听中国民歌。</para>
- <para>I often listen to Chinese classical music. In addition, I also like to listen to Chinese folk songs.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77665_1993127563"/>Lesson 32</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77667_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77669_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Have you had a physical exam recently?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xueyou: Teacher Liu, I want to take a physical examination for new students. Do I need to call the doctor and make an appointment?</para>
- <para>Teacher Liu: No. You can go directly and look for Dr. Li at the Beijing University Hospital tomorrow afternoon. He is in charge of students' physical exam. </para>
- <para>Xueyou: Thank you, Teacher Liu!</para>
- <para>Teacher Liu: You are welcome.</para>
- <para>(The second day, at the Beijing University Hospital)</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Are you Dr. Li?</para>
- <para>Dr. Li: Yes. Are you a new student who has come to take a physical exam?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Yes. I am a international student from the U.S. My name is Xueyou Xie.</para>
- <para>Dr. Li: Have you had a physical examination in the U.S. recently?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: No. I had an exam once a year ago.</para>
- <para>Dr. Li: All right. Did you fill in the form?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Yes, I did. Here you are.</para>
- <para>Dr.Li: Ok. You should first go to Room 101 to measure your height, weight, and blood pressure. Then you should go to Room 102 to check your eyes, ears and nose. Lastly you should go to Room 103 for an x-ray.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Do I need to take a blood test?</para>
- <para>Dr.Li: Yes, we need to draw blood for a blood test. Please come to see me again when you finish.</para>
- <para>( 2-3 hours later)</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Dr. Li, here is my physical exam form.</para>
- <para>Dr. Li: Have you had every item checked?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Yes, I have had every item checked. Do you think I have any health problem?</para>
- <para>Dr.Li: You are very healthy. Don't worry. However, since you have just come to China, you should be very careful of hygiene in drinking and eating.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Thank you, Dr. Li.</para>
- <para>Dr. Li: You are welcome.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77671_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>初级第三十二课: 对话 你最近检查过身体没有？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>学友：刘老师, 我要作入学体检, 我需要打电话给大夫约时间吗？</para>
- <para>刘老师：不需要, 明天下午你直接去北大医院找李大夫, 他负责给学生体检。</para>
- <para>学友：谢谢刘老师！ </para>
- <para>刘老师: 不客气。</para>
- <para> (第二天, 北大医院内)</para>
- <para>学友：您是李大夫吗？</para>
- <para>李大夫：是的, 你是来体检的学生吧？</para>
- <para>学友：是的。 我是刚从美国来这儿的留学生, 我叫谢学友。</para>
- <para>李大夫：你最近在美国作过体检吗？</para>
- <para>学友：没有。一年以前我作过一次体检。</para>
- <para>李大夫：那好吧。你填体检表了吗？</para>
- <para>学友：填过了。</para>
- <para>李大夫：好, 先在101房间量身高, 体重, 和血压；然後, 在102房间检查一下儿眼睛, 耳朵和鼻子；最後, 在103房间作透视检查。</para>
- <para>学友：需要检查血液吗？</para>
- <para>李大夫：是的, 你要去抽血, 作血液检查。 请你检查完了再来找我。 </para>
- <para> (2-3个小时之後)</para>
- <para>学友：李大夫, 这是我的体检表。</para>
- <para>李大夫：每项都检查过了吗？</para>
- <para>学友：都检查过了。您看看我的身体有什麽问题吗？</para>
- <para>李大夫：你的身体很好, 不要担心。不过, 你刚来中国, 需要注意饮水和饮食上的卫生。</para>
- <para>学友：谢谢李大夫。</para>
- <para>李大夫：不用客气。祝你身体健康。再见！</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77673_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>初級第三十二課: 對話 你最近檢查過身體沒有﹖</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>學友﹕劉老師﹐我要作入學體檢﹐我需要打電話給大夫約時間嗎﹖</para>
- <para>劉老師﹕不需要﹐明天下午你直接去北大醫院找李大夫﹐他負責給學生體檢。</para>
- <para>學友﹕謝謝劉老師﹗ </para>
- <para>劉老師﹕ 不客氣。</para>
- <para> (第二天﹐北大醫院內)</para>
- <para>學友﹕您是李大夫嗎﹖</para>
- <para>李大夫﹕是的﹐你是來體檢的學生吧﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕是的。 我是剛從美國來這兒的留學生﹐我叫謝學友。</para>
- <para>李大夫﹕你最近在美國作過體檢嗎﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕沒有。一年以前我作過一次體檢。</para>
- <para>李大夫﹕那好吧。你填體檢表了嗎﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕填過了。</para>
- <para>李大夫﹕好﹐先在101房間量身高﹐體重﹐和血壓﹔然後﹐在102房間檢查一下兒眼睛﹐耳朵和鼻子﹔最後﹐在103房間作透視檢查。</para>
- <para>學友﹕需要檢查血液嗎﹖</para>
- <para>李大夫﹕是的﹐你要去抽血﹐作血液檢查。 請你檢查完了再來找我。 </para>
- <para> (2-3個小時之後)</para>
- <para>學友﹕李大夫﹐這是我的體檢表。</para>
- <para>李大夫﹕每項都檢查過了嗎﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕都檢查過了。您看看我的身體有什麼問題嗎﹖</para>
- <para>李大夫﹕你的身體很好﹐不要擔心。不過﹐你剛來中國﹐需要注意飲水和飲食上的衛生。</para>
- <para>學友﹕謝謝李大夫。</para>
- <para>李大夫﹕不用客氣。祝你身體健康。再見﹗</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77675_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Nǐ Zuìjìn Jiǎnchá Guò Shēntǐ Méi Yǒu ?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Liú Lǎoshī, wǒ yào zuò rù xué tǐjiǎn, wǒ xūyào dǎ diànhuà gěi dàifu yuē shíjiān ma ?</para>
- <para>Liú Lǎoshī: Bù xūyào, míngtiān xiàwǔ nǐ zhíjiē qù Běi Dà yīyuàn zhǎo Lǐ dàifu, tā fùzé gěi xuésheng tǐjiǎn.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Xièxie Liú lǎoshī !</para>
- <para>Liú Lǎoshī: Bú kèqi. (Dì èr tiān, Běi Dà yīyuàn nèi)</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Nín shì Lǐ dàifu ma ?</para>
- <para>Lǐ Dàifu:Shì de, nǐ shì lái tǐjiǎn de xuésheng ba ?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Shì de. Wǒ shì cóng Měiguo lái zhèr de liúxuéshēng, wǒ jiào Xiè Xuéyǒu.</para>
- <para>Lǐ Dàifu:Nǐ zuìjìn zài Měiguo zuò guò tǐjiǎn ma ?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Méi yǒu. Yì nián yǐqián wǒ zuò guò yí cì tǐjiǎn.</para>
- <para>Lǐ Dàifu:Nà hǎo ba. Nǐ tián tǐjiǎn biǎo le ma?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Tián guò le.</para>
- <para>Lǐ Dàifu:Hǎo, xiān zài 101 fángjiān liáng shēngāo, tǐzhòng, hé xuěyā ; ránhòu, zài 102 fángjiān jiǎnchá yí xiàr yǎnjīng, ěrduo hé bízi ; zuìhòu, zài 103 fángjiān zuò tòushì jiǎnchá.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Xūyào jiǎnchá xuěyè ma ?</para>
- <para>Lǐ Dàifu:Shì de, nǐ yào qù chōu xuě, zuò xuěyè jiǎnchá. Qǐng nǐ jiǎnchá wán le zài lái zhǎo wǒ.</para>
- <para>( 2-3 ge xiǎoshí zhīhòu)</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Lǐ dàifu, zhè shì wǒ de tǐjiǎn biǎo.</para>
- <para>Lǐ Dàifu:Měi xiàng dōu jiǎnchá guò le ma ?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Dōu jiǎnchá guò le. Nín kànkan wǒ de shēntǐ yǒu shénme wèntí ma ?</para>
- <para>Lǐ Dàifu:Nǐ de shēntǐ hěn hǎo, bú yào dānxīn. Búguò, nǐ gāng lái Zhōngguo, xūyào zhùyì yǐn shuǐ hé yǐnshí shang de wèishēng.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Xièxie Lǐ dàifu.</para>
- <para>Lǐ Dàifu:Bú yòng kèqi. Zhù nǐ shēntǐ jiànkāng. Zàijiàn !</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77677_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77869_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Beijing University Hospital</para>
- <para>
- <anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77679_1993127563"/>
- </para>
- <para>Renmei Ding and Xueyou Xie came to Beijing University to attend a short-term Chinese training program. Three weeks later, Renmei got a serious cold. Teacher Liu was very concerned about Renmei. He asked Renmei if she had seen a doctor or not. Renmei said, not yet. Teacher Liu told</para>
- <para>Renmei that to see a doctor in China, (people) don't make a phone call to the doctor('s office) to make an appointment. They go to the hospital directly. Beijing University has its own hospital. Therefore, it is convenient to see a doctor (in Beijing University).</para>
- <para>This day, Xueyou accompanied Renmei to the Beijing University Hospital to see a doctor. After they arrived at the hospital, Xueyou stood in the line to register for Renmei. Since Renmei had a cold, Xueyou registered for the Department of Internal Medicine. They found the Internal Medicine Outpatient Department. The nurse was very cordial. She told Xueyou and Renmei that the doctor was seeing a patient, and asked them to wait for a while. After the nurse took Renmei's tempareture and blood pressure, the doctor was ready to see Renmei. The doctor asked Renmei where she felt uncomfortable, and what medicine she had taken. Renmei told the doctor, she had a headache, a runny nose and a sore throat. She had been coughing all day long, and could not sleep well at night. She took some cold pills that she brought from the U.S. However, they seemed not to be very effective. The doctor used the stethoscope to examine Renmei. Then, he told Renmei, she had the flu, and she should drink a lot of water, and get a lot of rest. He also prescribed some medicine for Renmei.</para>
- <para>After seeing the doctor, Xueyou and Renmei went to the hospital's pharmacy to buy medicine. There were many people buying medicine in the pharmacy. It turned out that in China, all patients buy medicine in the hospital's pharmacy where they see a doctor.</para>
- <para>Renmei went back to her dorm. She took a good and thorough rest for a few days, and recovered from her illness.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77681_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para/>
- <para>北大医院</para>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美和谢学友到北京大学参加一个短期中文训练班。 三个星期以後, 人美得了重感冒。 刘老师很关心人美。 他问人美, 去看过大夫了没有。人美说, 还没有。 刘老师告诉人美, 在中国看病, 不是打电话给大夫约时间, 而是直接去医院。北大有自己的医院, 所以看病比较方便。 </para>
- <para> 这一天, 学友陪人美去北大医院看病。 到了北大医院, 学友先排队给人美挂号。因为人美得了感冒, 所以学友给她挂了一个内科的号。 他们一起找到了内科门诊。 护士小姐很热情。 她告诉学友和人美, 大夫现在正在给一个病人看病, 请他们等一下儿。 护士小姐给人美量过体温和血压以後, 大夫可以给人美看病了。大夫问人美哪儿不舒服, 吃过什麽药。 人美告诉大夫, 她头疼, 流鼻涕, 嗓子也很疼, 一直咳嗽, 晚上睡不好觉。 她吃了从美国带来的感冒药, 可是效果不大。大夫用听诊器给人美做了检查。 然後, 他告诉人美, 她得的是流行性感冒, 要多喝水, 多注意休息。 他还给人美开了一些药。 看过大夫以後, 学友和人美到医院的药房买药。 在药房买药的人很多。 原来, 在中国看病, 病人都在医院的药房买药。 人美回到宿舍, 好好休息了几天, 她的病就好了。 </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77683_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para> 北大醫院</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>丁人美和謝學友到北京大學參加一個短期中文訓練班。 三個星期以後﹐人美得了重感冒。 劉老師很關心人美。 他問人美﹐去看過大夫了沒有。人美說﹐還沒有。 劉老師告訴人美﹐在中國看病﹐不是打電話給大夫約時間﹐而是直接去醫院。北大有自己的醫院﹐所以看病比較方便。 </para>
- <para> 這一天﹐學友陪人美去北大醫院看病。 到了北大醫院﹐學友先排隊給人美掛號。因為人美得了感冒﹐所以學友給她掛了一個內科的號。 他們一起找到了內科門診。 護士小姐很熱情。 她告訴學友和人美﹐大夫現在正在給一個病人看病﹐請他們等一下兒。 護士小姐給人美量過體溫和血壓以後﹐大夫可以給人美看病了。大夫問人美哪兒不舒服﹐吃過什麼藥。 人美告訴大夫﹐她頭疼﹐流鼻涕﹐嗓子也很疼﹐一直咳嗽﹐晚上睡不好覺。 她吃了從美國帶來的感冒藥﹐可是效果不大。大夫用聽診器給人美做了檢查。 然後﹐他告訴人美﹐她得的是流行性感冒﹐要多喝水﹐多注意休息。 他還給人美開了一些藥。 看過大夫以後﹐學友和人美到醫院的藥房買藥。 在藥房買藥的人很多。 原來﹐在中國看病﹐病人都在醫院的藥房買藥。 人美回到宿舍﹐好好休息了幾天﹐她的病就好了。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77871_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Běijīng De Jiā</para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu zǒu le yǐhòu, zhè yì tiān, Shìhǎi qù kàn Wáng lǎoshi. </para>
- <para>Wáng lǎoshi kànjiàn Shìhǎi lái le, fēicháng gāoxìng. Wáng lǎoshi qǐng Shìhǎi zuò zài shāfā shang , bìng gěi tā qī le yì bēi lóngjǐng chá. Hē chá deshíhou, </para>
- <para>Wáng lǎoshi wèn Shìhǎi: “Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu zuò fēijī qù Zhōngguo, yíqiè dōu shùnlì ma?” Shìhǎi gàosu Wáng lǎoshi, yíqiè dōu hěn shùnli. Wáng lǎoshi shuō, nà tiān tā zhèng hǎo yào qù Zhōngguo dàshǐguǎn bàn shì, bù néng sòng </para>
- <para>Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu. Búguò, tā yǐjīng gěi le Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéeyǒu Běijīng de jiā de diànhuà hé dìzhǐ, qǐng tāmen dào le Běijīng jiù gěi tā tàitai Xījìng dǎ diànhuà. Wáng lǎoshi shuō, qùnián Gǎn’ēn jié, tā hé Xiǎo Dīng de jiārén yìqǐ huāndù jiājié, juéde jiù xiàng zài zìjǐ de jiā yíyàng. Tā xīwang Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu yě néng chángcháng qù zìjǐ zài Běijīng de jiā wánr. Wáng lǎoshi hái wèn Shìhái: “Zhè shì Xiǎo Dīng hé Xuéyǒu dì yī cì qù Zhōngguo, Zhōngguo lí zhèr hěn yuǎn, tāmen de bàba, māma fàngxīn ma ?” Shìhǎi shuō: “ Yě bù dānxīn.” Wǎng lǎoshi shuō: “ Nà tài hǎo le. Wǒ tàitai Xījìng hé wǒ érzi Kāikai hěn kuài jiù yào rènshi Xiǎo Dīng de yì jiā hé Xuéyǒu, tāmen yídìng huì hěn gāoxìng.”</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77685_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>过</para></entry><entry><para> guòa </para></entry><entry><para>particle </para></entry><entry><para>a particle that indicates past experience</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>入学 </para></entry><entry><para> rùxué </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to enroll in school</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>体检 </para></entry><entry><para>tǐjiǎn</para></entry><entry><para> n.v.</para></entry><entry><para> a physical examination to get a check up</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>需要 </para></entry><entry><para> xūyào </para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para>to need</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>约 </para></entry><entry><para>yuē</para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para>to make an appointment</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>直接</para></entry><entry><para> zhíjiē </para></entry><entry><para>adv. </para></entry><entry><para>directly</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>北大医院 </para></entry><entry><para>BěiDāYīYuàn </para></entry><entry><para>n.phrase</para></entry><entry><para>Beijing University Hospital</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>负责 </para></entry><entry><para> fùzé</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to be in charge of, responsible for</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>刚 </para></entry><entry><para>gāng </para></entry><entry><para> adv. </para></entry><entry><para>just</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>填(表)</para></entry><entry><para>tián(biǎo)</para></entry><entry><para>v.t</para></entry><entry><para>o fill in (a form)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>身高 </para></entry><entry><para>shēngāo</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>height</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>体重 </para></entry><entry><para> tǐzhòng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>weight</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>血压 </para></entry><entry><para> xuèyā </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>blood pressure</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>然後 </para></entry><entry><para> ránhòu </para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>then, after that</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>眼睛 </para></entry><entry><para> yǎnjīng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>eye</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>耳朵 </para></entry><entry><para>ěrduō </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>ear</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>鼻子</para></entry><entry><para> bízi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>nose</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>最後 </para></entry><entry><para> zuìhòu</para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para> in the end, lastly finally</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>透视 </para></entry><entry><para>tòushì</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to take an X-ray examination</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>血液 </para></entry><entry><para>xuèyè</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>blood</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>抽 </para></entry><entry><para>chōu </para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para>to draw (blood)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>项 </para></entry><entry><para>xiàng</para></entry><entry><para>measure word </para></entry><entry><para>item</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>饮食 </para></entry><entry><para> yǐnshí</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>diet</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>饮水 </para></entry><entry><para>yǐnshuǐ</para></entry><entry><para> n.phrase</para></entry><entry><para>drinking of water</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>卫生 </para></entry><entry><para> wèishēng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>hygiene</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>客气 </para></entry><entry><para> kèqi </para></entry><entry><para>idiom exp.</para></entry><entry><para> to be polite</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不(用)客气 </para></entry><entry><para> bú(yòng)kèqi</para></entry><entry><para>idiom exp. </para></entry><entry><para>do not mention it you are welcome</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>重(感冒)</para></entry><entry><para>zhònggǎnmào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>serious cold</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>关心 </para></entry><entry><para> guānxīn </para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para>to care about, to be concerned with</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不是...而是... </para></entry><entry><para>búshì...érshì</para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para>not....but/rather</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>看病 </para></entry><entry><para>kànbìng </para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para>to see a doctor</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>比较 </para></entry><entry><para> bǐjiào</para></entry><entry><para>adv. </para></entry><entry><para>relatively</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>方便 </para></entry><entry><para>fāngbiàn </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>convenient</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>医院 </para></entry><entry><para> yīyuàn</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>hospital</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>排队 </para></entry><entry><para>páiduì</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to line up</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>挂号 </para></entry><entry><para>guàhào</para></entry><entry><para>v.t</para></entry><entry><para>o register</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>内科 </para></entry><entry><para>néikē</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>internal medicine department</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>门诊 </para></entry><entry><para> ménzhěn </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>out-patient department</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>护士 </para></entry><entry><para> hùshì</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>nurse</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>量 </para></entry><entry><para>liáng</para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para>to measure</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>体温 </para></entry><entry><para> tǐwēn</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>body temperature</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>舒服 </para></entry><entry><para>shūfu </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>comfortable</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不舒服</para></entry><entry><para>bùshūfu </para></entry><entry><para> adj. </para></entry><entry><para>not comfortable</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>药 </para></entry><entry><para>yào</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>medicine</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>头痛 </para></entry><entry><para>tóutòng </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>headache</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>流 </para></entry><entry><para>liú</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to flow</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>鼻涕</para></entry><entry><para> bítì</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>nasal mucus</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>流鼻涕</para></entry><entry><para>liúbítì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>have a runny nose</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>嗓子 </para></entry><entry><para> sǎngzi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>throat</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>疼 </para></entry><entry><para>téng </para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para>to ache</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>一直</para></entry><entry><para> yīzhí </para></entry><entry><para>adv. </para></entry><entry><para>always</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>咳嗽 </para></entry><entry><para>késou</para></entry><entry><para> n./v.</para></entry><entry><para>coughing/to cough</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>效果</para></entry><entry><para> xiàoguǒ </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>result</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>听诊器</para></entry><entry><para>tīngzhěnqì</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>stethoscope</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>流行性感冒 </para></entry><entry><para> liúxíngxìnggǎnmào</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>flu</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>流感 </para></entry><entry><para> liúgǎn </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> flu</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>注意 </para></entry><entry><para> zhùyī </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para> to pay attention to</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>休息 </para></entry><entry><para> xiūxì </para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to rest</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>开</para></entry><entry><para> kāi </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to prescribe</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>药房 </para></entry><entry><para> yàofáng</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>pharmacy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>买 </para></entry><entry><para>mǎi</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para> to buy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>原来</para></entry><entry><para> yuènlái </para></entry><entry><para> adv.</para></entry><entry><para>in fact, it turns out to be</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>首 </para></entry><entry><para>shǒu</para></entry><entry><para>measure word </para></entry><entry><para>for songs and poems</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>办公室</para></entry><entry><para>bàngōngshì</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>office</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>毕业 </para></entry><entry><para>bìyè</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para> to graduate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>研究院</para></entry><entry><para>yánjiūyuàn</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> graduate school, research institute</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>卧虎藏龙 </para></entry><entry><para>wòhǔcánglóng</para></entry><entry><para> n.phrase</para></entry><entry><para> Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon (appeared in the exercises)</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77687_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77689_1993127563"/>1. The Aspect Particle "过" Indicating Past Experience</title>
- <para/>
- <para>(1.)The aspect particle "过" is used to indicate past experience. It is placed after the verb. In sentences with two verbal constructions in a series, "过" is usually placed after the second verb. The sentence patterns for the aspect particle "过" should be:</para>
- <para>S + V + "过" + O</para>
- <para>or S + V1 + O1 + V2 + "过" + O</para>
- <para/>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.) 我最近检查过身体。</para>
- <para>I have had a physical exam recently.</para>
- <para>2.)我吃过中国菜。</para>
- <para>I have had (the experience of eating) Chinese food.</para>
- <para>3.)上星期我去纽约看过朋友。</para>
- <para>Last week I went to (or had the experience of going to) see a friend.</para>
- <para>4.) 小丁昨天去北大医院检查过身体。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding went to the Beijing University Hospital to have a physical exam </para>
- <para>yesterday.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.)The negative and interogative forms of the aspect particle "过" </para>
- <para>a. The negative form of the aspect particle "过" is as follows:</para>
- <para>S + (还)没有 + V + "过" + O (呢)</para>
- <para>or S + (还)没有 +V1 + O1 + V2 + "过" + O(呢)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)学友(还)没有在北大医院作过体检(呢)。</para>
- <para>Xueyou has not yet been to the Beijing University Hospital to have a physical exam.</para>
- <para>2.)王老师的太太(还)没有去美国看过王老师(呢)。 </para>
- <para>Teacher Wang's wife has not yet been to the U.S. to see Teacher Wang.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. The interogative forms of the aspect particle "过" are as follows:</para>
- <para>1.)General questions using the question word 吗 at the end of an affirmative sentence. </para>
- <para>S + V + "过" + O + 吗？</para>
- <para>or S + V1 + O1 + V2 + "过" + O + 吗？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)你最近在美国作过体检吗？</para>
- <para>Have you had a physical exam in the U.S. recently?</para>
- <para>2.)小丁去北大医院看过病吗？</para>
- <para>Has Xiaoding been to the Beijing University Hospital to see a doctor?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>2.)Affirmative-negative questions using negation words 没有 at the end of an affirmative sentence.</para>
- <para> S + V + "过" + O + 没有？</para>
- <para>or S + V1 + O1 + V2 + "过" + O + 没有？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)你最近检查过身体没有？</para>
- <para>Have you had a physical exam in the U.S. recently?</para>
- <para>2.)小丁去北大医院看过大夫没有？</para>
- <para>Has Xiaoding been to the Beijing University Hospital to see a doctor?</para>
- <para>(3.) The differences between the aspect particle 过 indicating past experience and the aspect particle 了 indicating the completion of an action </para>
- <para>a. The aspect particle 过 always indicates an action that took place in the past, and is often used to emphasize past experience. The aspect particle 了 indicates the completion of an action, which can happen either in the past, or in the future. </para>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)护士小姐给小丁量过体温。</para>
- <para>The nurse has taken the body tempreture for Xiaoding. (The nurse does not have to take the tempareture again.)</para>
- <para>2.)护士小姐给小丁量了体温。</para>
- <para>The nurse took the body tempareture for Xiaoding. (Simply stating the fact that the nurse took the tempareture.)</para>
- <para>3.)护士小姐告诉小丁：“看了病你就可以去药房买药。”</para>
- <para>The nurse told Xiaoding: "After you see the doctor, you can go to the pharmacy and buy medicine."</para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. Diffent negation patterns between the aspect particle 过 and the aspect particle 了</para>
- <para>For the aspect particle 过, the pattern should be:</para>
- <para>S + (还)没有 + V + "过" + O (呢)</para>
- <para>or S + (还)没有 +V1 + O1 + V2 + "过" + O(呢)</para>
- <para>( 过 remains in the negation pattern)</para>
- <para>For the aspect particle 了, the pattern should be:</para>
- <para>S + (还)没有 + V + O (呢)</para>
- <para>or S + (还)没有 +V1 + O1 + V2 + O(呢)</para>
- <para>(了 is left out in the negation pattern)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁(还)没有吃过中药(呢)。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding has never had the exerience of taking Chinese medicine.</para>
- <para>2.)小丁(还)没有吃中药(呢)。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding has not yet taken her Chinese medicine.</para>
- <para>3.)小丁和学友(还)没有去王老师的家看过他的太太和儿子(呢)。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou have not yet had the experience of going to Teacher Wang's home to visit his wife and his son.</para>
- <para>4.)小丁和学友(还)没有去王老师的家看他的太太和儿子(呢)。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou has not yet been to Teacher Wang's home to visit his wife and his son.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>c. When talking about a past experience, if the speaker would like to indicate that the event referred to has already taken place and is relevant to the present situation, the modal particle 了 (not the aspect particle 了) can be added at the end of a sentence that contains the aspect particle 过. </para>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁看过中国大夫了。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding has had the experience of seeing a Chinese doctor.</para>
- <para>2.)小丁和学友去北京大学学过中文了。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou have had the experience of going to the Beijing Univeristy to study Chinese.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77691_1993127563"/>2. The Action Measure Words "次", "遍", "一下儿"</title>
- <para>When counting the number of times that an action takes place, an action measure word is used together with numerals. The unit of numeral + action measure word is usually placed after the verb and functions as a complement. While both "次" and "遍" mark the number of times that an action takes place, "遍" is different from "次" in that it emphasizes the entire process of an action. As to "一下儿", it is an action measure word that indicates the quickness or short duration of an action. Sometimes, the action measure word "一下儿" also indicates the casual manner of an action. The aspects of the verb can be past aspect or future aspect. The patterns are as follows:</para>
- <para/>
- <para>a. The past aspect of verb</para>
- <para>S + V + Past Aspect Particle (过, 了) + Numeral + Action Measure Word + O</para>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)去年我作过一次体检。</para>
- <para>Last year I had a physical exam once.</para>
- <para>2.)护士小姐给小丁检查了一遍身体。 </para>
- <para>The nurse did a complete medical check-up (including tempreture, blood pressure, weight, height, etc.) for Xiaoding. </para>
- <para>3.)刘老师昨天见了一下儿学友。</para>
- <para>Teacher Liu met Xueyou for a little while yesterday.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. The future aspect of verb</para>
- <para>S + Future Aspect Particle (要, 想) + V + Numeral + Action Measure Word + O</para>
- <para>1.)王老师的太太想去一次美国。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang's wife would like to go to the U.S. one time.</para>
- <para>2.)我要看一遍这本有名的中国小说。 </para>
- <para>I would like to read through (from the first page to the last page) this famous Chinese novel.</para>
- <para>3.)刘老师请学友去一下儿他的办公室。</para>
- <para>Teacher Liu asked Xueyou to go the his office for a little while. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77693_1993127563"/>3. The Structure "不是...而是..." </title>
- <para>The Structure "不是...而是..." means "not...but/rather". It is used when the speaker would like to explain that situation B is different from situation A, and situation B is the one that really happens. The basic pattern is:</para>
- <para> 不是 + Situation A, 而是 + Situation B</para>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)在中国看病, 不是打电话给大夫约时间, 而是直接去医院。</para>
- <para>For seeing a doctor in China, (people) do not call the doctor('s office) to make an appointment, rather, (people) go to the hospital directly.</para>
- <para>2.)小丁大学毕业以後, 不是找工作, 而是上研究所。</para>
- <para>After Xiaoding graduated from college, she did not look for a job, rather, she went to a graduate school.</para>
- <para>3.)今年暑假, 大为不是回家看爸爸妈妈, 而是在学校里继续上课。</para>
- <para>This summer, Dawei did not go home and see his mom and dad, rather, he went on to take classes in school.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77695_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77697_1993127563"/>1. The Aspect Particle "过" Indicating Past Experience</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友上星期去过北京大学图书馆。</para>
- <para>Xueyou has been to the Beijing University Library last week.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王老师去他的美国大夫那儿检查过身体。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang has been to his American doctor's place to have a physical exam.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友和小丁给王老师的太太打过电话没有？</para>
- <para>Have Xueyou and Xiaoding called Teacher Wang's wife or not?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友和小丁还没有去北京大学的中国学生食堂吃过饭呢。</para>
- <para>Xueyou and Xiaoding has not yet been to Beijing University's Chinese students dining rooms to eat.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁的爸爸、妈妈去北京看过小丁和学友没有？</para>
- <para>Have Xiaoding's mom and dad been to Beijing to see Xiaoding and Xueyou?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友和小丁还没有给在美国的朋友们写过信呢。</para>
- <para>Xueyou and Xiaoding have not yet written letters to their friends in the U.S.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77699_1993127563"/>2. The Action Measure Words "次", "遍", "一下儿"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>上个月王老师去过一次纽约。</para>
- <para>Last month Teacher Wang went to New York once.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个星期六我想再看一遍“卧虎藏龙”。</para>
- <para>This Saturday I would like to see "Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon" again.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我正在给我妈妈打电话, 请你等一下儿。</para>
- <para>I am making a phone call to my mom. Please wait for a while.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这首中国民歌非常好听, 我已经听了很多遍了。</para>
- <para>This Chinese folk song is very good. I have listened to it many times (from beginning to end).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我有点儿累。 我想先休息一下儿, 再去锻炼身体。</para>
- <para>I am a little tired. I would like to take a rest for a while, then go to do some exercise.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77701_1993127563"/>3. The Structure "不是...而是..."</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>大为不是小丁的男朋友, 而是她的好朋友。</para>
- <para>Dawei is not Xiaoding's boyfriend, rather, he is Xiaoding's good friend.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>世海的爸爸不是北京人, 而是上海人。</para>
- <para>Shihai's dad is not a native of Beijing, rather, he is a native of Shanghai.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天的中文课不是学习新课文, 而是考试。</para>
- <para>Tomorrow's Chinese class, (we are) not going to learn a new lesson, rather, (we are) going to have a test.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王老师不是在东亚图书馆工作, 而是在东亚系工作。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang does not work in the East Asian Library, rather, he works in the East Asian Department.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77703_1993127563"/>4. The Conjunction 不过 "but, however"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>你的身体很好。不过, 你要注意锻炼身体。</para>
- <para>You are very healthy. However, you should take the care to exercise (your body).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>大为没有去过中国。不过, 他想明年去北京学习。</para>
- <para>David has never been to China. However, he would like to go to Beijing to study next year.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这件大衣很漂亮。不过, 我已经有一件黑色的大衣了。</para>
- <para>This coat is very pretty. However, I already have a black coat.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>谢谢你请我吃午饭。不过, 我已经吃过了。</para>
- <para>Thank you for inviting me for lunch. However, I have already had it (my lunch).</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77705_1993127563"/>5. The Adverb 好好 "well, thoroughly"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>到了学校你们就可以好好休息一下儿了。</para>
- <para>You can take a good (thorough) rest right after you get to school.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁和学友想今天晚上去图书馆, 好好复习一下儿今天学的生词和语法。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou would like to go to the library tonight and thoroughly review the new words and Grammar 语法 they learned today.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天是星期天。我要好好整理一下儿我的宿舍。</para>
- <para>Tomorrow is Sunday. I will clean my dorm thoroughly.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个周末, 小丁想好好地给在美国的朋友们写一封信。</para>
- <para>This weekend Xiaoding would like to write a good (thorough) letter to her friends in the U.S.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77707_1993127563"/>6. The Adverbs Indicating Time Order 先, 然後, 最後 "first...then...lastly..."</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁先在美国的大学学中文, 然後去北京大学学中文, 最後回美国上研究院。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding studied Chinese in an American university first; then went to Beijing University to study Chinese; lastly, returned to the U.S. to go to a graduate school.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>护士先给小丁量体温, 然後给她量血压, 最後给她检查血液。</para>
- <para>The nurse first took Xiaoding's tempareture; then measured her blood pressure; lastly, (the nurse) gave her a blood test.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友先给小丁挂号, 然後陪她看大夫, 最後帮她买药。</para>
- <para>First Xueyou registered for Xiaoding; then, accompanied her to see a doctor; lastly, helped her to buy some medicine.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天我先去上中文课, 然後和我的好朋友一起吃午饭, 最後去图书馆学习。</para>
- <para>Tomorrow I will go to Chinese class first; then I will go to have lunch with my good friend; lastly, (I) will go to study in the library.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77709_1993127563"/>Lesson 33</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77711_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77713_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para/>
- <para>It has started raining outside</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(One day, Renmei went to Teacher Lin, their conversation class teacher's place to chat. Teacher Lin is very young. He has not yet married. So he lives in the single faculty and staff's dormitory of Beijing University. )</para>
- <para>(Renmei knocks, Teacher Lin opens the door.)</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: Oh, it's Renmei. Welcome, welcome.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Thank you, Teacher Lin.</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: What's happening？ Xueyou is not coming?</para>
- <para>Renmei: Xueyou is waiting for his mom and dad's phone call in his dorm. He said that he is coming after the call. </para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: Good. Renmei, please sit down. Don't be too polite (make yourself at home). What would you like to drink, tea, coffee, or soft drinks?</para>
- <para>Renmei: I would like to drink tea. Xueyou also likes to drink tea very much.</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: Does he？I also love to drink tea. I have Fujian </para>
- <para> Tieguanyin, Hangzhou Longjing and Anhui Maojian. Which one would you like to drink?</para>
- <para>Renmei: Longjing is very good. In the states, Teacher Wang who taught us Chinese often invited me and Xueyou to drink Longjing tea. </para>
- <para>(Xueyou knocks at the door.)</para>
- <para>Renmei: Listen, someone is knocking at the door. Probably it is Xueyou.</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: I'll go and open the door. (Teacher Lin opened the door.) It is Xueyou. Come in, please. What's happening？ You are wet.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Thanks, Teacher Lin. It has started raining outside. I didn't bring my umbrella with me. Fortunately, it is not raining hard. </para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: That's good. Xueyou, have a cup of Longjing tea. </para>
- <para>Xueyou: Thanks. I like to drink Longjing tea the most.</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: Have you received the phone call from your mom and dad?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Yes. They asked me on the phone, what was the weather like in Beijing？ Was it hot？ Did it rain？ I told them that it has been kind of hot these days, and it has not rained. But, no, it has started raining now. </para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: In recent years, the summer in Beijing is getting hotter and hotter. If it rains in summer, it will become much cooler.</para>
- <para>Renmei: How is the spring in Beijing?</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: Beijing's spring is very windy, and it doesn't rain very often. The spring in the south of China is the most beautiful. From ancient times to now, scholars and writers have written many poems for the spring rain and spring flower in the south of China. </para>
- <para>Xueyou: Could you read a poem for us?</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: O.K. Let me read you a classical poem. It is "Spring Dawn" by Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. </para>
- <para> Dawn arrives unnoticed after a spring sleep.</para>
- <para> Chirping birds are heard all around.</para>
- <para> The sound of wind and rain had come in the night.</para>
- <para> How many flowers had fallen in their wake!</para>
- <para>Renmei: This poem is very well written. Teacher Lin, could you explain the poem for us?</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: Sure.</para>
- <para>(Teacher Lin explained the poem to Xueyou and Renmei.)</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Chinese classical poems are very beautiful. Teacher Lin, please introduce another poem to us. </para>
- <para>Renmei: It is getting late. Xueyou, Teacher Lin needs to take a rest. </para>
- <para>Xueyou: Yes. We should leave. Teacher Lin, we will ask you to introduce Chinese classical poems to us next time. </para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: No problem. (You) wait a moment. Let me see if the rain has stopped or not. (Teacher Lin went to the window to have a </para>
- <para> look.) Very good. The rain stopped. </para>
- <para>Xueyou, Renmei: Then we are leaving. Thank you, Teacher Lin! Bye!</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin: Bye! Please come and visit (my place) often!</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77715_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para>外边下雨了</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(这一天, 人美去他们的口语老师林老师那儿聊天。 林老师很年轻。 他还没有结婚。所以, 他住在北京大学的单身教师宿舍。)</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(人美敲门, 林老师开门。)</para>
- <para>林老师：噢, 是人美, 请进, 请进。</para>
- <para>人美：谢谢林老师。 </para>
- <para>林老师：怎麽, 学友没来？</para>
- <para>人美: 学友正在宿舍等他爸爸﹑妈妈的电话。 他说, 他接了电话就来。</para>
- <para>林老师：好。 人美, 请坐, 别客气。 你想喝什麽, 茶, 咖啡, 还是饮料？</para>
- <para>人美：我想喝茶。 学友也很喜欢喝茶。</para>
- <para>林老师：是吗？我也爱喝茶。 我这儿有福建的铁观音, 杭州的龙井和安徽的毛尖, 你想喝哪一种？</para>
- <para>人美：龙井就很好。 在美国教我们汉语的王老师常常请我和学友喝龙井茶。 </para>
- <para> (学友敲门。)</para>
- <para>人美：听, 有人敲门, 可能是学友。</para>
- <para>林老师：我去开门。(林老师开门。) 是学友, 请进。 怎麽, 你的身上湿了。</para>
- <para>学友：谢谢林老师。 外边下雨了, 我没有带雨伞。 还好, 雨下得不大。 </para>
- <para>林老师：那就好。 学友, 喝杯龙井茶吧。</para>
- <para>学友：谢谢。 我最爱喝龙井茶了。 </para>
- <para>林老师：接到爸爸妈妈的电话了吗？</para>
- <para>学友：接到了。 他们在电话里问我, 北京的天气怎麽样？热不热？下雨吗？我</para>
- <para>告诉他们, 这儿的天气比较热, 又不下雨。 这不, 现在就下雨了。</para>
- <para>林老师：这几年, 北京的夏天越来越热。 夏天如果下雨, 就会凉快很多。 </para>
- <para>人美：北京的春天怎麽样？</para>
- <para>林老师：北京的春天风很大, 也不常下雨。 中国南方的春天最美。 从古到今, 文人墨客为中国南方的春雨, 春花写了不少诗。 </para>
- <para>学友：您能给我们念一首吗？</para>
- <para>林老师：好。 我给你们念一首古诗吧, 是唐代诗人孟浩然的“春晓“：</para>
- <para> 春眠不觉晓, 处处闻啼鸟, </para>
- <para> 夜来风雨声, 花落知多少。</para>
- <para>人美：这首诗写得真好。 林老师, 您能给我们解释一下儿这首诗吗？</para>
- <para>林老师：可以。 </para>
- <para>(林老师给学友和人美解释这首诗的意思。)</para>
- <para>学友：中国的古诗真美。 林老师, 请您再介绍一首。</para>
- <para>人美：时间不早了。 学友, 林老师该休息了。 </para>
- <para>学友：对, 我们该走了。 林老师, 我们下一次再请您给我们介绍古诗。</para>
- <para>林老师：没问题。 你们等一下, 我看看雨停了没有。(林老师去窗口看了一下儿。) 很好, 雨停了。</para>
- <para>学友, 人美：那我们走了。 谢谢林老师！ 再见！</para>
- <para>林老师：再见！欢迎你们常来！</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77717_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>外邊下雨了</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>(這一天﹐人美去他們的口語老師林老師那兒聊天。 林老師很年輕。 他還沒有結婚。所以﹐他住在北京大學的單身教師宿舍。)</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(人美敲門, 林老師開門。)</para>
- <para>林老師﹕噢﹐ 是人美﹐ 請進﹐ 請進。</para>
- <para>人美﹕謝謝林老師。 </para>
- <para>林老師﹕怎麼﹐學友沒來﹖</para>
- <para>人美﹕ 學友正在宿舍等他爸爸﹑媽媽的電話。 他說﹐ 他接了電話就來。</para>
- <para>林老師﹕好。 人美﹐請坐﹐別客氣。 你想喝什麼﹐ 茶﹐ 咖啡﹐ 還是飲料﹖</para>
- <para>人美﹕我想喝茶。 學友也很喜歡喝茶。</para>
- <para>林老師﹕是嗎﹖我也愛喝茶。 我這兒有福建的鐵觀音﹐ 杭州的龍井和安徽的毛尖﹐你想喝哪一種﹖</para>
- <para>人美﹕龍井就很好。 在美國教我們漢語的王老師常常請我和學友喝龍井茶。 </para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(學友敲門。)</para>
- <para>人美﹕聽﹐有人敲門﹐ 可能是學友。</para>
- <para>林老師﹕我去開門。(林老師開門。) 是學友﹐ 請進。 怎麼﹐ 你的身上濕了。</para>
- <para>學友﹕謝謝林老師。 外邊下雨了﹐ 我沒有帶雨傘。 還好﹐ 雨下得不大。 </para>
- <para>林老師﹕那就好。 學友﹐ 喝杯龍井茶吧。</para>
- <para>學友﹕謝謝。 我最愛喝龍井茶了。 </para>
- <para>林老師﹕接到爸爸媽媽的電話了嗎﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕接到了。 他們在電話裡問我﹐ 北京的天氣怎麼樣﹖熱不熱﹖下雨嗎﹖ 我告訴他們﹐ 這兒的天氣比較熱﹐又不下雨。 這不﹐ 現在就下雨了。</para>
- <para>林老師﹕這幾年﹐ 北京的夏天越來越熱。 夏天如果下雨﹐ 就會涼快很多。 </para>
- <para>人美﹕北京的春天怎麼樣﹖</para>
- <para>林老師﹕北京的春天風很大﹐ 也不常下雨。 中國南方的春天最美。 從古到今﹐ 文人墨客為中國南方的春雨﹐春花寫了不少詩。 </para>
- <para>學友﹕您能給我們念一首嗎﹖</para>
- <para>林老師﹕好。 我給你們念一首古詩吧﹐ 是唐代詩人孟浩然的“春曉“﹕春眠不覺曉﹐ 處處聞啼鳥﹐</para>
- <para> 夜來風雨聲﹐ 花落知多少。</para>
- <para>人美﹕這首詩寫得真好。 林老師﹐ 您能給我們解釋一下兒這首詩嗎﹖</para>
- <para>林老師﹕可以。 </para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(林老師給學友和人美解釋這首詩的意思。)</para>
- <para>學友﹕中國的古詩真美。 林老師﹐ 請您再介紹一首。</para>
- <para>人美﹕時間不早了。 學友﹐ 林老師該休息了。 </para>
- <para>學友﹕對﹐我們該走了。 林老師﹐我們下一次再請您給我們介紹古詩。</para>
- <para>林老師﹕沒問題。 你們等一下﹐ 我看看雨停了沒有。(林老師去窗口看了一下兒。) 很好﹐ 雨停了。</para>
- <para>學友﹐人美﹕那我們走了。 謝謝林老師﹗ 再見﹗</para>
- <para>林老師﹕再見﹗歡迎你們常來﹗</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77719_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Wàibian Xià Yǔ Le</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para>(Zhè yì tiān, Rénměi qù tāmen de kǒuyǔ lǎoshī Lín lǎoshī nàr liáotiān. Lín lǎoshī hěn niánqīng. Tā hái méi yǒu jiēhūn. Suǒyǐ, tā zhùu zài Běijīng dàxué de dān shēn jiàoshī sùshè.)(Rénměi qiāo mén, Lín lǎoshī kāi mén.)</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Ò, shì Rénměi, qǐng jìn, qǐng jìn.</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Xièxie Lín lǎoshī.</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Zěnme, Xuéyǒou méi lái?</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Xuéyǒu zhèngzài sùshè děng tā bàba, māma de diànhuà. Tā shuō, tā jiē le diànhuà jiù lái.</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Hǎo. Rénměi, qǐng zuò, béi kèqi. Nǐ xiǎng hē shénme, chá kāfēi, háishì yǐnliào ?</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Wǒ xiǎng hē chá. Xuéyǒu yěe hěn xǐhuan hē chá.</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Shì ma ？Wǒ yě ài hē chá. Wǒ zhèr yǒu Fújiàn de Tiěguānyīn, Hángzhōu de Lóngjǐng hé Ānhuī de Máojiān, nǐ xiǎng hē nǎ yì zhǒng?</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Lóngjǐng jiù hěn hǎo. Zài Měiguo jiāo wǒmen Hànyǔ de Wǎng lǎoshī chángcháng qǐng wǒ hé Xuéyǒu hé Lǒngjǐng chá.</para>
- <para>(Xuéyǒu qiāo mén.)</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Tīng, yǒu rén qiāo mén, kěnéng shì Xuéyǒu.</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Wǒ qù kāi mén. (Lín lǎoshī kāi mén.) Shì Xuéyǒou, qǐng jìn. Zěnme, nǐ de shēn shang shī le.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu : Xièxie Lín lǎoshī. Wài biān xià yǔ le, wǒ méi yǒu dài yǔsǎn. Hái hǎo, yǔ xià de bú dà.</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Nà jiù hǎo. Xuéyǒu, hē bēi Lóngjǐng chá ba.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Xièxie. Wǒ zuì ài hē Lóngjǐng chá le.</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Jiē dào bàba māma de diànhuà le ma ?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Jiē dào le. Tāmen zài diànhuà lǐ wèn wǒ, Běijīng de tīanqi zěnmeyang ？Rè bu rè？ Xià yǔ ma？Wǒ gàosu tāmen, zhèr de tiānqi biǎojiào rè, yòu bú xià yǔ. Zhè bu, xiànzài jiù xià yǔ le.</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Zhè jǐ nián, Běijīng de xiàtiān yuèlái yuèrè. Xiàtiān rúguǒ xià yǔ, jiù huì liángkuai hěn duō.</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Běijīng de chūntiān zěnmeyang?</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Běijīng de chūntiān fēng hěn dà, yě bù cháng xià yǔ. Zhōngguo nánfāng de chūntiān zuì měi. Cóng gǔ dào jìn, wénrén mòkè wèi Zhōngguo nánfāng de chūn yǔ, chūn huā xiě le bù shǎo shī.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Nín néng gěi wǒmen niàn yì shǒu ma?</para>
- <para>Lín láoshī: Hǎo. Wǒ gěi nǐmen niàn yì shǒu gǔshī ba, shì Tángdài shírén Mèng Hàorán de « Chūn Xiǎo » :</para>
- <para>Chūn mián bù jué xiǎo, chù chù wén tí niǎo, </para>
- <para>Yè lái fēng yǔ shēng, huā luò zhī duō shǎo.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Zhè shŏu shī xiĕ de zhēn hăo. Lín lăoshi, nín néng gĕi wŏmen jiĕshi yí xiàr zhè shŏu shī ma?</para>
- <para>Lín Lăoshi: Kĕyĭ.</para>
- <para> (Lín lăoshi gĕi Xuéyŏu hé Rénmĕi jiĕshi zhè shŏu shī de yìsi.)</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Zhōngguó de gŭshī zhēn mĕi. Lín lăoshi, qĭng nín zài jièshào yì shŏu.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Shíjiān bù zăo le. Xuéyŏu, Lín lăoshi gāi xīuxi le.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Duì, wŏmen gāi zŏu le. Lín lăoshi, wŏmen xià yí cì zài qĭng nín gĕi wŏmen jièshào gŭshī.</para>
- <para>Lín Lăoshi: Méi wèntí. Nĭmen dĕng yí xià, wŏ kànkan yŭ tíng le méiyŏu. (Lín lăoshi qù chuāng kŏu kàn le yí xiàr.) Hĕn hăo, yŭ tíng le.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu, Rénmĕi:Nà wŏmen zŏu le. Xièxie Lín lăoshi! Zàijiàn!</para>
- <para>Lín Lăoshi: Zàijiàn! Huānyíng nĭmen cháng lái!</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77721_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77723_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para/>
- <para>The fall in Beijing</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Beijing has four distinctive seasons. Like New York city, Beijing has hot summers, very cold winters, warm springs and cool autumns. Among these four seasons, the autumn is the best.</para>
- <para>From September to November, it is the fall in Beijing. The weather is neither cold nor hot. The average temperature is about 18 degrees centigrade. Starting from September, people can feel the pleasantly coolness of the fall. The sky is always clear. It is seldom windy, and it doesn't rain. October in Beijing is the most beautiful (season).</para>
- <para>October 1st is the Chinese National day. In order to celebrate National Day, People display a lot of flowers in streets. Beijing looks like a big garden.</para>
- <para>When November arrives, the leaves at Fragrant Hill turn red. </para>
- <para>People all go to see the autumn leaves there. Du Mu, a Tang Dynasty poet, once wrote a poetic line that reads "The frost-covered leaves are redder than the flowers of February ", lauding the leaves at this time as redder that the flowers in the spring.</para>
- <para>The fall in Beijing is also the best touring season. A lot of foreign friends come to vist Beijing. They can vist many famous sites such as the Forbidden City, Bei Hai Park, the Temple of Heaven etc. They can also see the newly-built highway and modern international airport. They can even taste Beijing's various unique local delicacies. Present Beijing is not only an ancient city, but also a rapidly developing modern city. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77725_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para> 北京的秋天</para>
- <para/>
- <para>北京的气候四季分明。 像纽约一样, 北京有炎热的夏天, 寒冷的冬天, 暖和的春天和凉快的秋天。在这四个季节中, 秋天是北京最好的季节。 </para>
- <para>从九月到十一月, 北京的秋天气温不冷也不热, 平均温度在18摄氏度左右。 从九月开始, 人们就会感到秋天的凉爽。 天空常常是晴朗的, 很少刮风, 也不下雨。 十月的北京是最美丽的。 十月一日是国庆节。为了庆祝国庆节, 人们在街上摆满了鲜花, 北京就像一座大花园。</para>
- <para>十一月到了, 香山的树叶都红了, 人们都去那儿看红叶, 中国唐代诗人杜牧曾写过：“霜叶红于二月花”的诗句, 赞美了这时的红叶比春天里的鲜花还要红。 </para>
- <para> 北京的秋天, 也是最好的旅游季节。 有很多外国朋友来北京参观。他们可以游览故宫﹑北海﹑天坛等名胜古迹；又可以看到北京新建的高速公路和现代化国际机场, 还可以品尝到北京特有的风味小吃。今天的北京既是一座古老的城市又是一座快速发展的现代化城市。</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77727_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>北京的秋天</para>
- <para/>
- <para>北京的氣候四季分明。 像紐約一樣﹐北京有炎熱的夏天﹐寒冷的冬天﹐暖和的春天和涼快的秋天。在這四個季節中﹐秋天是北京最好的季節。 從九月到十一月﹐北京的秋天氣溫不冷也不熱﹐平均溫度在18攝氏度左右。 從九月開始﹐人們就會感到秋天的涼爽。 天空常常是晴朗的﹐很少颳風﹐也不下雨。 十月的北京是最美麗的。 </para>
- <para>十月一日是國慶節。為了慶祝國慶節﹐人們在街上擺滿了鮮花﹐北京就像一座大花園。 十一月到了﹐香山的樹葉都紅了﹐人們都去那兒看紅葉﹐中國唐代詩人杜牧曾寫過﹕“霜葉紅于二月花”的詩句﹐讚美了這時的紅葉比春天裡的鮮花還要紅。 </para>
- <para> 北京的秋天﹐也是最好的旅游季節。 有很多外國朋友來北京參觀。 他們可以游覽故宮﹑北海﹑天壇等名勝古蹟﹔又可以看到北京新建的高速公路和現代化國際機場﹐還可以品嚐到北京特有的風味小吃。今天的北京既是一座古老的城市又是一座快速發展的現代化城市。</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77729_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Běijīng De Qīutiān</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Běijīng de qìhou sì jì fēnmíng. Xiàng Niǔyuē yíyàng, Běijīng yǒu yánrè de xiàtiān, hánlěng de dōngtiān, nuǎnhuo de chūntiān hé liángkuài de qiūtiān. Zài zhè sì ge jìjié zhōng, qiūtiān shì Běijīng zuì hǎo de jìjié. </para>
- <para>Cóng jiǔ yuè dào shíyī yuè, Běijīng de qiūtiān qìwēn bù lěng yě bù rè, píngjūn wēndù shì 18 shèshìdù zuǒyòu. Cóng jiǔ yuè kāishǐ, rénmen jiù huì gǎndào qiūtiān de liángshuǎng. Tiānkōng chángcháng shì qínglǎng de, hěn shǎo guā fēng, yě bú xià yǔ. </para>
- <para>Shí yuè de Běijīng shì zuì měilì de. Shí yuè yī rì shì guóqìngjié. Wèile qìngzhù guóqìngjié, rénmen zài jiē shang bǎi mǎn le xiānhuā, Běijīng jiù xiàng yí zuò dà huāyuán. Shíyī yuè dàao le, Xiāngshān de shùyè dōu hóng le, rénmen dōu qù nàr kàn hóngyè, Zhōngguo Tángdài shīrén Dù Mù céng xiě guò:”Shuāng yè hóng yú èr yuè huā”de shījù, zànměi le zhè shí de hóngyè bǐ chūntiān lǐ de xiānhuā hái yào hóng.</para>
- <para>Běijīng de qiūtiān, yě shì zuì hǎo de lǚyóu jìijié. Yǒu hěn duō wàiguo péngyou lái Běijīng cānguān. Tāmen kěyǐ yóulǎan Gùgōng, Běihái, Tiāntán děng míngshèng gǔjì; yòu kěyǐ kàn dào Běijīng xīn jiàn de gāosù gōnglù hé xiàndàihuà guójì jīchǎng, hái kěyǐ pǐncháng dào Běijīng tèyǒu de fēngwèi xiǎochī. Jīntiān de Běijīng jì shì yí zuò gǔlǎo de chéngshì yòu shì yí zuò kuàisù fāzhǎn de xiàndàihuà chéngshì.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77731_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 聊天</para></entry><entry><para> lia2o tia1n </para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to chat</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 口语</para></entry><entry><para> ko3u yu3 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> spoken language</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 年轻</para></entry><entry><para> nia2n qi1ng </para></entry><entry><para> adj.</para></entry><entry><para>young</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 结婚</para></entry><entry><para> ji2e hu1n</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to marry</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 单身</para></entry><entry><para> da1n she1ng </para></entry><entry><para> adj.</para></entry><entry><para>single (not married)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 敲(门)</para></entry><entry><para>qia1o me2n</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to knock (on the door)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 怎麽</para></entry><entry><para> ze3n me</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.w</para></entry><entry><para>hat's happening</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 饮料</para></entry><entry><para> yi3n lia4o</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>beverage; drink (esp. a soft drink </para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 福建</para></entry><entry><para> fu2 jia4</para></entry><entry><para>n place name</para></entry><entry><para>a province of China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 杭州</para></entry><entry><para> ha2ng zho1u </para></entry><entry><para> place name</para></entry><entry><para>a city of China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 安徽</para></entry><entry><para> a1n hui1 </para></entry><entry><para> place name</para></entry><entry><para>a province of China</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 铁观音</para></entry><entry><para>tie3 gua1n yi1n </para></entry><entry><para>proper noun</para></entry><entry><para> a special type of tea</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 龙井</para></entry><entry><para> lo2ng ji3ng </para></entry><entry><para>proper noun </para></entry><entry><para> a special type of tea</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 毛尖</para></entry><entry><para> ma2o jia1n</para></entry><entry><para>proper noun </para></entry><entry><para> a special type of tea</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 湿</para></entry><entry><para> shi1</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>wet</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 雨伞</para></entry><entry><para> yu3 sa3n </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>umbrella</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 还好</para></entry><entry><para> ha2i ha3o </para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>fortunately</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 南方的</para></entry><entry><para>na2n fa1ngde </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>southern</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 这不</para></entry><entry><para> zhe4 bu</para></entry><entry><para>idiomatic exp.</para></entry><entry><para>but, no...</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 越来越</para></entry><entry><para>yue4 la2i yue4 </para></entry><entry><para> ad. </para></entry><entry><para>more and more</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 凉快</para></entry><entry><para> lia2ng kua4i </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>nice and cool</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 从...到</para></entry><entry><para> co2ng...da4o </para></entry><entry><para>conj.</para></entry><entry><para> from...to</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 文人墨客</para></entry><entry><para> we2nre2nmo4ke4 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>phrase scholar; man of letters man of letters</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 为... </para></entry><entry><para>we4i…</para></entry><entry><para>prep.</para></entry><entry><para> for</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 春雨</para></entry><entry><para> chu1n yu3</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>spring rain</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 春花</para></entry><entry><para> chu1n hua1</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> spring flowers</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 念 </para></entry><entry><para>nia4n </para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para> to read</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 首 </para></entry><entry><para>sho3u </para></entry><entry><para> measure word </para></entry><entry><para>for songs and poems </para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 诗 </para></entry><entry><para>shi1</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> poems; poetry</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 古诗</para></entry><entry><para> gu3 shi1 </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para> ancient poem(s)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 唐代</para></entry><entry><para> ta2ng da4i</para></entry><entry><para>n. phrase </para></entry><entry><para>Tang Dynasty</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 诗人</para></entry><entry><para> shi1 re2n </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>poet</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 孟浩然</para></entry><entry><para>Me4ng Ha4ora2n </para></entry><entry><para>person namea </para></entry><entry><para>well known poet in the Tang Dynasty </para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 解释</para></entry><entry><para> jie3 shi4 </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para> to explain</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 意思</para></entry><entry><para> yi4 si </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>meaning</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 气候</para></entry><entry><para> qi4 ho4u </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para> weather</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 四季</para></entry><entry><para> si4 ji4</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>four seasons</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 分明</para></entry><entry><para> fe1n mi2ng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>distinctive</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 炎热</para></entry><entry><para> ya2n re4 </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>hot</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 夏天</para></entry><entry><para> xia4 tia1n</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> summer</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 寒冷</para></entry><entry><para> ha2n le3ng</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>cold</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 冬天</para></entry><entry><para> do1ng tia1n</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para> winter</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 暖和</para></entry><entry><para> nua3n huo </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>warm</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 春天</para></entry><entry><para> chu1n tia1n </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>spring</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 秋天</para></entry><entry><para> qi1u tia1n</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> fall, autumn</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 平均</para></entry><entry><para> pi2ng ju1n</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>average</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 摄氏度</para></entry><entry><para>she4 shi4 du4</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>degree in centigrade</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 左右</para></entry><entry><para> zuo3 yo4u</para></entry><entry><para> adv.</para></entry><entry><para>about</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 开始</para></entry><entry><para> ka1i shi3</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para> begin</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 凉爽</para></entry><entry><para> lia2ng shua3ng </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>pleasantly cool</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 天空</para></entry><entry><para> tia1n ko1ng </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> the sky</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 晴朗</para></entry><entry><para> qi2ng la3ng </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>clear, sunny</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 刮风</para></entry><entry><para> gua1 fe1ng</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para> to blow wind</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 美丽</para></entry><entry><para> me3i li4 </para></entry><entry><para> adj.</para></entry><entry><para>beautiful</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 国庆节</para></entry><entry><para>guo2 qi4ng jie2 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para> the national day</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 庆祝</para></entry><entry><para> qi4ng zhu4</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to celebrate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 摆</para></entry><entry><para> ba3i</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to display, to place</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 满</para></entry><entry><para> ma3n</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>full</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 树叶</para></entry><entry><para> shu4 ye4 </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>leaf</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 香山</para></entry><entry><para> xia1ng sha1n </para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry><entry><para>Fragrant Hill</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 红叶</para></entry><entry><para> ho2ng ye4 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>red leaf</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 杜牧</para></entry><entry><para> Du4 Mu4</para></entry><entry><para>person name </para></entry><entry><para>a well-known poet in the Tang Dynasty</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 曾 </para></entry><entry><para>ce2ng</para></entry><entry><para> adv.</para></entry><entry><para>once</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 诗句</para></entry><entry><para> shi1 ju4 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>poetic line; verse</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 赞美</para></entry><entry><para> za4n me3i</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to praise; to laud</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 鲜花</para></entry><entry><para> xia1n hua1</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> fresh flowers</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 游览</para></entry><entry><para> yo2u la3n </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to tour</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 新建</para></entry><entry><para> xi1n jia4n</para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>new-built</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 品尝</para></entry><entry><para> pi3n cha2ng </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to taste (to evaluate or enjoy)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 特有</para></entry><entry><para> te4 yo3u </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>unique, special to</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 风味</para></entry><entry><para> fe1ng we4i</para></entry><entry><para>adj.l</para></entry><entry><para>ocal style</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 小吃</para></entry><entry><para> xia3o chi1</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>local delicacies</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 快速</para></entry><entry><para> kua4i su4 </para></entry><entry><para>adv.</para></entry><entry><para>rapidly</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 发展</para></entry><entry><para> fa1 zha3n</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para> to develop</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77733_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77735_1993127563"/>1. The Use of the Modal Particle 了 for New or Changed Situations</title>
- <para>The modal particle 了 appears frequently at the end of a sentence to indicate a new or changed situation. The sentence pattern should be:</para>
- <para> subject + predicate + 了</para>
- <para>(1.) When a sentence has an adjectival predicate, the modal particle 了 is used at the end of the sentence to indicate a changed situation. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)北京的天气热了。 (以前不热)</para>
- <para>Beijing's weather is getting hot. (It was not hot before.)</para>
- <para>2.)时间不早了。 (刚才还早)</para>
- <para>It is getting late. (It was still early just now.)</para>
- <para>3.)香山的树叶都红了。(以前不红)</para>
- <para>The leaves in the Fragrant Hill have all turned red. (They were not red before.)</para>
- <para>4.)他的女儿漂亮了。 (以前没有那麽漂亮)</para>
- <para>His daughter is getting pretty. (She was not that pretty before.)</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) When a sentence has a nominal predicate, the modal particle 了 is used at the end of the sentence to indicate a new situation. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)今天七月一号了, 应该交房租了。 </para>
- <para>Today is already July 1st, (we) should pay the rent.</para>
- <para>2.)现在七点半了, 应该吃晚饭了。 </para>
- <para>It is already 7:30 now, (we) should eat dinner.</para>
- <para>3.)他的女儿今年三十岁了, 应该结婚了。 </para>
- <para>His daughter has turned 30 this year, (she) should get married.</para>
- <para>4.)这个小女孩今年七岁了, 应该上小学了。 </para>
- <para>This little girl has turned 7 this year, (she) should go to elementary school.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(3.) When a sentence has a verbal predicate, the modal particle 了 is used at the end of the sentence to indicate either a new or a changed situation. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)外边下雪了。 (原来没有下)</para>
- <para>It has started to snow outside. (It was not snowing just a moment ago.)</para>
- <para>2.)我们该走了。 (原来还早, 还可以坐坐)</para>
- <para>We should go (now). (It was early before, and we could sit for a while.)</para>
- <para>3.)现在雨停了。 (刚才还在下雨)</para>
- <para>The rain has stopped now. (It was still raining just a moment ago.)</para>
- <para>4.)他喜欢喝龙井茶了。 (原来他不喜欢喝龙井茶)</para>
- <para>He has started to like drinking Longjing tea. (He didn't like to drink Longjing tea before.)</para>
- <para>5.)我会说中文了。 (原来我不会说中文) I can speak Chinese (now). (I couldn't speak Chinese before.)</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77737_1993127563"/>2. Subjectless Sentences</title>
- <para/>
- <para>(1.) In Chinese, when describing natural phenomena, especially when describing the weather, people usually use subjectless sentences. The reason why people use subjectless sentences, as can be observed in the following examples, is because when describing natural phenomena, the subject can not be specified into a particular agent. (Note that English supplies the subject "it", which is not done in Chinese.)</para>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)明天会下雪, 你要多穿一点儿衣服。</para>
- <para>It will snow tomorrow. You should wear more clothes.</para>
- <para>2.)外边刮风了, 天很冷。</para>
- <para>It started to get windy outside. It was very cold. </para>
- <para>3.)昨天下雨, 今天出太阳, 天气变化真大。</para>
- <para>It rained yesterday, and it is sunny today. The weather changes a lot.</para>
- <para>4.)今天起大雾了, 开车要小心。</para>
- <para>It is very foggy today. Be careful when you drive.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) Another commonly used type of subjectless sentences is one that indicates existence. This type of sentences begin with 有 or 没有, corresponding to the "there is/are..." or "there is not/are not..." </para>
- <para>pattern in English. However, this type of subjectless sentences is usually only about people, not about matter or things. The pattern of this type of subjectless sentences is:</para>
- <para> 有人 + Verb / 有 + Noun (about people) + Verb</para>
- <para> 没有人 + Verb /没有 + Noun (about people) + Verb</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)有人在敲门, 可能是学友。</para>
- <para>Someone is knocking at the door. Probably it is Xueyou.</para>
- <para>2.)有学生给林老师打电话。</para>
- <para>Some student called Teacher Lin on the phone.</para>
- <para>3.)没有人带雨伞。 还好, 雨下得不大。</para>
- <para> one brought an umbrella. Fortunately, it is not raining hard.</para>
- <para>4.)没有学生看过这部电影。 </para>
- <para>None of the students has seen this movie.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77739_1993127563"/>3. Adjectival Comparisons</title>
- <para>To compare the degree of an adjective, the degree adverbs 还要(even), 更(more) and 最(most) are used. To express the meaning of something/somebody is better than something else/somebody else, the pattern "比 + n./pron. + 还要(更) + adj." is used. To express the meaning that something/somebody is the best, the pattern "最 + adj." is used. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>(1.) 比 + n./pron. + 还要(更) + adj.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)北京的夏天比纽约的夏天更热。</para>
- <para>The summer in Beijing is hotter that the summer in New York.</para>
- <para>2.)北京秋天的红叶比春天里的鲜花还要红。</para>
- <para>Red leaves in the fall in Beijing are even redder than flowers in the spring.</para>
- <para>3.)美国大学生的暑假比中国大学生的暑假还要长。</para>
- <para>The summer break of American college students is even longer than the summer break of Chinese college students. </para>
- <para>4.)北京的冬天比上海的冬天更冷。</para>
- <para>The winter in Beijing is colder than the winter in Shanghai.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) 最 + adj.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)秋天是北京最好的季节。</para>
- <para>The fall is the best season in Beijing.</para>
- <para>2.)中国南方的春天最美。</para>
- <para>The spring in the south of China is the most beautiful (season).</para>
- <para>3.)林老师是中文系最年轻的老师。</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin is the youngest teacher in the Chinese Department. </para>
- <para>4.)上海是中国最现代化的城市。</para>
- <para>Shanghai is the most modernized city in China. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77741_1993127563"/>4. The Structure “越来越...”</title>
- <para>The structure “越来越...”is used when the speaker would like to express the meaning of "something/somebody (becoming) more and more...". The basic pattern is: </para>
- <para>something/somebody + 越来越 + adj.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)这几年, 北京的夏天越来越热。</para>
- <para>In recent years, the summer in Beijing hass become hotter and hotter.</para>
- <para>2.)小丁的中文口语越来越好。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding's Chinese oral speaking is getting better and better.</para>
- <para>3.)这几年, 来美国的中国留学生越来越多。</para>
- <para>In recent years, more and more Chinese students have come to study in </para>
- <para>the U.S.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77743_1993127563"/>5. The Structure“如果...就...”</title>
- <para>The structure“如果...就...”is a commonly used conditional pattern, meaning "if...then...". 如果 is followed by a conditional clause, and 就 is followed by a result clause. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)夏天如果下雨, 天气就会凉快很多。</para>
- <para>If it rains in the summer, it (the weather) will become much cooler.</para>
- <para>2.)如果你十月去北京, 你就能看到香山的红叶。</para>
- <para>If you go to Beijing in October, you will see the red leaves in the Frangrant Hill. </para>
- <para>3.)如果你有语法问题, 就给我打电话。 </para>
- <para>If you have Grammar 语法 question, (you can) call me. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77745_1993127563"/>6. The Structure “既...又...”</title>
- <para>The structure “既...又...”means "both...and", "as well as". It is used when the speaker would like to talk about two situations that occur concurrently or two things/features that are of the same importance. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)今天的北京既是一座古老的城市, 又是一座快速发展的现代化城市。</para>
- <para>The present Beijing is an ancient city as well as a rapidly developing and modernized city. </para>
- <para>2.)林老师既是小丁和学友的老师, 又是他们的朋友。</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin is Xiaoding and Xueyou's teacher, as well as their friend. </para>
- <para>3.)北京大学既是一所有名的大学, 又是一个美丽的大花园。</para>
- <para>Beijing University is a famous university, as well as a beautiful garden. </para>
- <para>4.)这家中国餐馆的菜既好吃, 又便宜。</para>
- <para>The food in this Chinese restaurant is both good to eat and cheap.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77747_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77749_1993127563"/>1. The Use of the Modal Particle 了 for New or Changed Situations</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>时间很晚了, 该睡觉了。</para>
- <para>It is getting late, (we/you) should go to sleep.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>现在七月了, 可以去海边游泳了。</para>
- <para>It is already July now, (we/you) can go to the seaside to swim.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>现在九点了, 应该起床吃早饭了。</para>
- <para>It is already 9:00am, (we/you) should get up and eat breakfast.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王老师的儿子开开高了。 他今年该上小学了。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang's son Kaikai has grown tall. He should go to the elementary school this year. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>外边刮风了, 别去图书馆了。</para>
- <para>It got windy outside. Don't go to the library.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>王老师以前不喝咖啡, 现在他喝了。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang didn't drink coffee before. Now he has started to drink coffee.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77751_1993127563"/>2. Subjectless Sentences</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天下午会下雨, 别忘了带雨伞。</para>
- <para>It will rain this afternoon. Don't forget to bring your umbrella.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>现在刮风了, 多穿一点儿衣服。</para>
- <para>It's windy. Wear more clothes.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>有朋友送我一本英文小说。</para>
- <para>A friend gave me an English novel as a gift.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天有人给她打了一个电话。</para>
- <para>Someone called her yesterday.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>没有学生喜欢考试。</para>
- <para>No student likes exams.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77753_1993127563"/>3. Adjectival Comparisons</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天很热, 今天比昨天还要热。</para>
- <para>Yesterday was very hot. Today is even hotter than yesterday.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她的妹妹很漂亮, 她比她妹妹更漂亮。</para>
- <para>Her younger sister is very pretty. She is more pretty than her younger sister.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友的中文很好, 小丁的中文比学友的中文更好。</para>
- <para>Xueyou's Chinese is very good. Xiaoding's Chinese is better than Xueyou's Chinese.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>北京的秋天, 中外游客最多。</para>
- <para>In the fall in Beijing, (the number of ) Chinese and foreign tourists is the greatest. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个学生食堂的饭菜最好。</para>
- <para>The food of this student dining hall is the best.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77755_1993127563"/>4. The Structure “越来越...”</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>春天来了, 天气越来越暖和。</para>
- <para>Spring has come. It is getting warmer and warmer.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这几年, 中国的变化越来越大。</para>
- <para>In recent years, the changes in China are greater and greater.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>到中国旅游的外国游客越来越多。</para>
- <para>More and more foreign tourists are traveling to China.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这几年, 北京的汽车越来越多。</para>
- <para>In recent years, there are more and more cars in Beijing.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77757_1993127563"/>5. The Structure“如果...就...”</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>如果你想今天晚上去看电影, 我就和你一起去。</para>
- <para>If you would like to see a movie tonight, I will go with you.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>如果你喜欢吃中国菜, 你就应该去这个中国餐馆。</para>
- <para>If you would like to eat Chinese food, you should go to this Chinese restaurant.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>如果你想了解中国文化和历史, 你就应该去北京。</para>
- <para>If you would like to understand Chinese culture and history, you should go to Beijing.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>如果明天天气很好, 我们就去长城玩儿。</para>
- <para>If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the Great Wall and have fun.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77759_1993127563"/>6. The Structure “既...又...”</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁既喜欢听中国音乐, 又喜欢看中国电影。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding likes to listen to Chinese music, as well as to watch Chinese movies.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友妈妈作的点心既好看, 又好吃。</para>
- <para>The dessert that Xueyou's mom made both looks good and tastes good.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>当小丁和学友到北京机场的时候, 他们既高兴, 又惊讶。</para>
- <para>When Xiaoding and Xueyou arrived at Beijing Airport, they were both happy and surprised.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>北京大学既是林老师的母校, 又是他工作的地方。</para>
- <para>Beijing University is Teacher Lin's Alma Mater, as well as the place where he works. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77761_1993127563"/>7. The Structure 为了... "in order to"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>为了庆祝国庆节, 人们在北京的街上摆满了鲜花。</para>
- <para>In order to celebrate National Day, people displayed flowers in the streets in Beijing. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>为了学习中文, 小丁和学友来北京大学学习。</para>
- <para>In order to study Chinese, Xiaoding and Xueyou came to Beijing University to study.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>为了参加星期六的晚会, 我买了一条新裙子。</para>
- <para>In order to attend the party on Saturday, I bought a new skirt.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>为了去机场接朋友, 他早上六点就起床了。</para>
- <para>In order to pick up his friend at the airport, he got up early at 6:00am.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77763_1993127563"/>Lesson 34</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77765_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77873_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Going to the post office to mail pictures</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>Xueyou: Excuse me, is Renmei in?</para>
- <para>Renmei's roomate: Yes, please come in, she is waiting for you.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Thank you.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Xueyou, come on in and look at these pictures, I want to mail some to my parents and friends.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Wow, so many pictures, I want to look at them carefully.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Yea, some of these pictures were taken in Beijing University, some of them in parks. I want to choose some good ones and mail (the pictures to) them, to let them know more about Beijing.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: That's a good idea. I should mail some pictures to my parents and friends too.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Xueyou, look, this one is Fragrant Hill. A full hill of red leaves, so beautiful. This one is at the entrance to Beijing University. You were holding a map of Beijing that you just bought.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Now I still carry the map with me, in order not to get lost.</para>
- <para>Renmei: All right, let's mail these pictures. Now Let's go to the post office.</para>
- <para>(In the post office, Renmei is mailing a letter, Xueyou is buying post cards)</para>
- <para>Renmei: Hello, I want to mail a letter to the U.S. </para>
- <para>Clerk A: Please stand in the queue at Window 2.</para>
- <para> (At Window 2)</para>
- <para>Renmei: I want to send an international letter.</para>
- <para>Clerk B: You need to buy an international envelope first. Give it to me after writing down the address. </para>
- <para>Renmei: I have an envelop with me, and I have already written down the address.</para>
- <para>Clerk B: Let me take a look. Ok, no problem.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Would you tell me how long will it take to get to the U.S. ?</para>
- <para>Clerk B: By airmail it takes ten to fifteen days. If it is express mail, it will be much faster. It is about three to five days. </para>
- <para>However, it (express mail) is quite expensive.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Then I will send it by airmail.</para>
- <para>Clerk B: The postage is fifteen Yuan.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Here is fifteen Yuan. Thanks!</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xueyou: Miss, I would like to buy some postcards.</para>
- <para>Clerk C: There are many kinds of postcards here. We have landscapes, persons, and animals, which do you like?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: One set each, please. I want to give them to my American friends. I hope that they will learn more about China.</para>
- <para>Clerk C: Here are three sets, thirty cards total. I think your friends will definitely like them.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: By the way, if I want to pick up a package, what should I do?</para>
- <para>Clerk C: You need to bring the package notice and your identification.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: I see. Thank you very much!</para>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77767_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para/>
- <para>到邮局寄照片</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>学友：请问, 人美在吗？</para>
- <para>人美的室友：在, 请进, 她正在等着你呢.</para>
- <para>学友：谢谢。</para>
- <para>人美：学友, 快来看这些照片, 我想寄给我的爸爸妈妈和朋友们。</para>
- <para>学友：啊, 这麽多的照片, 我要认真地看一看。</para>
- <para>人美：是啊, 这些照片, 有的是在北京大学校园内照的, 有的是在公园里照的。我想选一些好的寄给他们, 让他们多了解了解北京。</para>
- <para>学友：这个主意不错。 我也应该寄一些照片给我爸爸妈妈和朋友们。</para>
- <para>人美：学友, 你看这张是香山, 满山的红叶, 真美。这张是我们在北大的校门口, 你手里还拿着刚买来的北京地图呢。</para>
- <para>学友：现在我还是随身带着地图, 为了不迷路。</para>
- <para>人美：好了, 就寄这些照片吧。 现在我们一起去邮局吧。</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(在邮局里, 人美在寄信, 学友在买明信片。)</para>
- <para>人美：您好, 我想寄一封信到美国。</para>
- <para>营业员甲：请在二号窗口排队等着。</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(在二号窗口。)</para>
- <para>人美：我要寄一封国际航空信。</para>
- <para>营业员乙：你需要先买一个国际信封, 填好地址後再给我。</para>
- <para>人美：我自己带着信封, 而且已经写好地址了。</para>
- <para>营业员乙：让我看一下儿。 很好, 没问题。</para>
- <para>人美：请问, 到美国需要多少天？</para>
- <para>营业员乙：航空信通常需要十到十五天。 如果是特快专递, 就会快得多。 大概需要三到五天。 但是, 邮费很贵。</para>
- <para>人美：就寄航空信吧。</para>
- <para>营业员乙：邮费是十五元。</para>
- <para>人美：给您十五元。 谢谢！</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>学友：小姐, 我想买一些明信片。</para>
- <para>营业员丙：这里有很多种类, 有风景的, 有人物的, 还有动物的, 你喜欢哪一种？</para>
- <para>学友：各买一套吧, 送给我的美国朋友。 我希望他们更多地了解中国。</para>
- <para>营业员丙：三套一共三十张, 我想你的朋友们一定会喜欢的。</para>
- <para>学友：顺便问一下儿, 如果我要取包裹, 需要什麽手续？</para>
- <para>营业员丙：你需要带着包裹单和你的身份证件。</para>
- <para>学友：我知道了。 非常感谢！</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77769_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>到郵局寄照片</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>學友﹕請問﹐人美在嗎﹖</para>
- <para>人美的室友﹕在﹐請進﹐她正在等著你呢.</para>
- <para>學友﹕謝謝。</para>
- <para>人美﹕學友﹐快來看這些照片﹐我想寄給我的爸爸媽媽和朋友們。</para>
- <para>學友﹕啊﹐這麼多的照片﹐我要認真地看一看。</para>
- <para>人美﹕是啊﹐這些照片﹐有的是在北京大學校園內照的﹐有的是在公園裡照的。我想選一些好的寄給他們﹐讓他們多了解了解北京。</para>
- <para>學友﹕這個主意不錯。 我也應該寄一些照片給我爸爸媽媽和朋友們。</para>
- <para>人美﹕學友﹐你看這張是香山﹐滿山的紅葉﹐真美。這張是我們在北大的校門口﹐你手裡還拿著剛買來的北京地圖呢。</para>
- <para>學友﹕現在我還是隨身帶著地圖﹐為了不迷路。</para>
- <para>人美﹕好了﹐就寄這些照片吧。 現在我們一起去郵局吧。</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(在郵局裡﹐ 人美在寄信﹐學友在買明信片。)</para>
- <para>人美﹕您好﹐我想寄一封信到美國。</para>
- <para>營業員甲﹕請在二號窗口排隊等著。</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>(在二號窗口。)</para>
- <para>人美﹕我要寄一封國際航空信。</para>
- <para>營業員乙﹕你需要先買一個國際信封﹐填好地址後再給我。</para>
- <para>人美﹕我自己帶著信封﹐而且已經寫好地址了。</para>
- <para>營業員乙﹕讓我看一下兒。 很好﹐沒問題。</para>
- <para>人美﹕請問﹐到美國需要多少天﹖</para>
- <para>營業員乙﹕航空信通常需要十到十五天。 如果是特快專遞﹐就會快得多。 大概 需要三到五天。 但是﹐郵費很貴。</para>
- <para>人美﹕就寄航空信吧。</para>
- <para>營業員乙﹕郵費是十五元。</para>
- <para>人美﹕給您十五元。 謝謝﹗</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para>學友﹕小姐﹐我想買一些明信片。</para>
- <para>營業員丙﹕這裡有很多種類﹐有風景的﹐有人物的﹐還有動物的﹐你喜歡哪一種﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕各買一套吧﹐送給我的美國朋友。 我希望他們更多地了解中國。</para>
- <para>營業員丙﹕三套一共三十張﹐我想你的朋友們一定會喜歡的。</para>
- <para>學友﹕順便問一下兒﹐如果我要取包裹﹐需要什麼手續﹖</para>
- <para>營業員丙﹕你需要帶著包裹單和你的身份證件。</para>
- <para>學友﹕我知道了。 非常感謝﹗</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77875_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Dào Yóujú Jì Zhàopiàn</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xuéyǒu : Qǐng wèn, Rénměi zài ma ?</para>
- <para>Rénměi de shìyǒu : Zài, qǐng jìn, tā zhèngzài děng zhe nǐ ne ?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu : Xièxie.</para>
- <para>Rénměi : Xuéyǒu, kuài lái kàn zhè xiē zhàopiàan, wǒ xiǎng jì gěi wǒ de bàba māma hé péngyoumen.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu : Ā, zhème duō de zhàopiàn, wǒ yào rènzhēn de kàn yi kàn.</para>
- <para>Rénměi : Shì a, zhè xiē zhàopiàn, yǒu de shì zài Běijīng dàxué xiàoyuán nèi zhào de, yǒu de shì zài gōngyuán lǐ zhào de. </para>
- <para> Wǒ xiǎng xuǎn yì xiē hǎo de jì gěi tāmen, ràng tāmen duō liǎojiě liǎojiě Běijīng. </para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu : Zhè ge zhúyi bú cuò. Wǒ yě yīnggāi jì yì xiē zhàopiàn gěi wǒ bàba māma hé péngyoumen.</para>
- <para>Rénměi : Xuéyǒu, nǐ kàn zhè zhāng shì Xiāngshān, mǎn shān de hóngyè, zhēn měi. Zhè zhāng shì wǒmen zài Běi Dà de xiào ménkǒu, nǐ shǒu lǐ hái ná zhe gāng mǎi lái de Běijīng dìtú ne.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu : Xiànzài wǒ hái shì suíshēn dài zhe dìtú, wèile bù mí lù.</para>
- <para>Rénměi : Hǎo le, jiù jì zhè xiē zhàopiàn ba. Xiànzài wǒmen yìqǐ qù yóujú ba.</para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77771_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77773_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>How to write a Chinese envelope</para>
- <para/>
- <para>It has been over a month since Xueyou and Xiaoding arrived in Beijing University to study Chinese. One Sunday morning, Xueyou went to Xiaoding's dorm to see her. Xiaoding was putting her pictures in order. There were many pictures on her desk. Some were old pictures brought from the U.S., some were new pictures taken in Beijing. Just a few days ago, Xueyou went to the post office with Xiaoding and sent some new pictures they took in Beijing to Xiaoding's mom and dad. Xueyou was looking at the pictures brought from the U.S. Some were pictures they took with Teacher Wang, some others were scenic pictures of their school. Xueyou said to Xiaoding: "Look, these pictures have Teacher Wang in them, and also our school. Let's select some and mail them to Teacher Wang's wife. She will definitely like them when she sees them." Xiaoding said gladly:"Right. This is a great idea. I have Teacher Wang's home address in Beijing with me. However, I heard that the way Chinese address envelopes is different from the way we Americans do. Let's call Teacher Lin and ask."</para>
- <para>Then, Xiaoding called Teacher Lin. Teacher Lin told Xiaoding, addressing a Chinese envelope is different from addressing an English envelope. When writing a Chinese envelope, (one) should write the address of the receiver in the middle of the envelope. Under the receiver's address, (one) should write the name of the receiver. On the right bottom of the envelope, (one) should write the address and the name of the sender. Teacher Lin also told Xiaoding that Teacher Wang's wife lives in Beijing; when (Xiaoding and Xueyou) send the letter, (they) should send it by local mail. </para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou wrote the envelope according to what Teacher Lin said on the phone. They knew that post office in China opens on Saturdays and Sundays. Therefore, they went to the post office to send the letter to Teacher Wang's wife right away. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77775_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para/>
- <para>怎样写中文信封？</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>学友和小丁到北京大学学习汉语已经一个多月了。 一个星期天的上午, 学友到小丁的宿舍看她。 小丁正在整理照片。 她的桌子上放着很多照片。 有的是从美国带来的旧照片, 有的是在北京照的新照片。 前几天, 学友刚刚和小丁一起去邮局, 寄了一些他们在北京照的新照片给小丁的爸爸﹑妈妈。 学友看着从美国带来的照片, 有些是他们两个人和王老师一起照的, 还有一些是他们学校的风景照。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para>学友对小丁说：“你看, 这些照片里有王老师, 还有我们的学校, 我们选一些寄给王老师的太太吧。 她看了一定会很喜欢。” 小丁高兴地说：“对, 这真是个好主意。 我这儿有王老师在北京的家的地址。 不过, 我听说, 中国人写信封的方法跟我们美国人不太一样。 我们打电话问一下儿林老师吧。”</para>
- <para>於是, 小丁给林老师打电话。 林老师告诉小丁, 写中文信封和写英文信封是不一样。 写中文信封的时候, 信封的中间应该写着收信人的地址。 收信人的地址下边应该写着收信人的姓名。 信封的右下角应该写着寄信人的地址和姓名。 林老师还告诉小丁, 王老师的太太住在北京, 寄信的时候应该寄本市信。 小丁和学友按照林老师电话里说的, 写好了信封。 他们知道, 中国的邮局星期六, 星期天也营业, 所以, 他们现在就去邮局寄信给王老师的太太。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77877_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>怎樣寫中文信封﹖</para>
- <para/>
- <para>學友和小丁到北京大學學習漢語已經一個多月了。 一個星期天的上午﹐學友到小丁的宿舍看她。 小丁正在整理照片。 她的桌子上放著很多照片。 有的是從美國帶來的舊照片﹐有的是在北京照的新照片。 </para>
- <para>前幾天﹐學友剛剛和小丁一起去郵局﹐ 寄了一些他們在北京照的新照片給小丁的爸爸﹑媽媽。 學友看著從美國帶來的照片﹐有些是他們兩個人和王老師一起照的﹐ 還有一些是他們學校的風景照。 </para>
- <para>學友對小丁說﹕“你看﹐這些照片裡有王老師﹐還有我們的學校﹐ 我們選一些寄給王老師的太太吧。 她看了一定會很喜歡。” 小丁高興地說﹕“對﹐這真是個好主意。 我這兒有王老師在北京的家的地址。 不過﹐我聽說﹐中國人寫信封的方法跟我們美國人不太一樣。 我們打電話問一下兒林老師吧。”</para>
- <para>於是﹐小丁給林老師打電話。 林老師告訴小丁﹐寫中文信封和寫英文信封是不一樣。 寫中文信封的時候﹐信封的中間應該寫著收信人的地址。 收信人的地址下邊應該寫著收信人的姓名。 信封的右下角應</para>
- <para>該寫著寄信人的地址和姓名。 林老師還告訴小丁﹐ 王老師的太太住在北京﹐寄信的時候應該寄本市信。 小丁和學友按照林老師電話裡說的﹐ 寫好了信封。 他們知道﹐ 中國的郵局星期六﹐星期天也營業﹐ 所以﹐他們現在就去郵局寄信給王老師的太太。 </para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77777_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Zěnyàng Xiě Zhōngwén Xìnfēng?</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xuéyǒu hé Xiǎo Dīng dào Běijīng dàxué xuéxí Hànyǔ yǐjīng yí ge duō yuè le. Yí ge xīngqītiān de shàngwǔ, Xuéyǒu dào Xiǎo Dīng de sùshè kàn tā. Xiǎo Dīng zhèngzài zhěnglǐ zhàopiàn. Tā de zhuōzi shang fàng zhe hěn duō zhàopiàn. Yǒu de shì cóng Měiguo dài lái de jiù zhàopiàn, yǒu de shì zài Běijīng zhào de xīn zhàopiàn.</para>
- <para>Qián jǐ tiān, Xuéyǒu gānggāng hé Xiǎo Dīng yìqǐ qù yóujú, jì le yì xiē tāmen zài Běijīng zhào de xīn zhàopiàn gěi Xiǎo Dīng de bàba māma. Xuéyǒu kàn zhe cóng Měiguodài lái de zhàopiàn, yǒu xiē shì tāmen liǎng ge rén hé Wáng lǎoshī yìqǐ zhào de, hái yǒu yì xiē shì tāmen xuéxiào de fēngjǐng zhào.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu duì Xiǎo Dīng shuō: “Nǐ kàn, zhè xiē zhàopiàn lǐ yǒu Wáng lǎoshī, hái yǒu wǒmen de xuéxiào, wǒmen xuǎn yì xiē jì gěi Wáng lǎoshī de tàitai ba. Tā kàn le yídìng huìi hěn xǐhuan.” Xiǎo Dīng gāoxing de shuō:”Duì, zhè zhēn shì ge hǎo zhúyi. Wǒ zhèr yǒu Wáng lǎoshī zài Běijīng de jiā de dìzhǐ. Búguò, wǒ tīngshuō, </para>
- <para>Zhōngguo rén xiě xìnfēng de fāngfǎ gēn wǒmen Měiguo rén bù tài yíyang. Wǒmen dǎ diànhuà wèn yí xiàr Lín lǎoshī ba.”Yúshì, Xiǎo Dīng gěi Lín lǎoshī dǎ diànhuà. Lín lǎoshī gàosu Xiǎo Dīng, xiě Zhōngwén xìnfēng hé xiě Yīngwén xìnfēng shì bù yíyàng. </para>
- <para>Xiě Zhōngwén xìnfēng deshíhou, xìnfēng de zhōngjiān yīnggāi shì xiě zhe shōu xìn rén de dìzhǐ. Shōu xìn ren de dìzhǐ xià yīnggāi xiě zhe shōu xìn ren de xìngmíng. Xìnfēng de yòu xià jiǎo yīnggāi xiě zhe jì xìn rén de dìzhǐ hé xìngmíng. Lín lǎoshī hái gàosu Xiǎo Dīng, Wáng lǎoshī de tàitai zhù zài Běijīng, jì xìn deshíhou yīngāi jì běn shì xìn. Xiǎo Dīng hí Xuéyǒu ànzhào Lín lǎoshī diànhuà lǐ shuō de, xiě hǎo le xìnfēng. Tāmen zhīdao, Zhōngguo de yóujú xīngqīngliù, xīngqīngtiān yě yíngyè, suǒyǐ, tāmen xiànzài jiù qù yóujú jì xìn gěi Wáng lǎoshī de tàitai.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77779_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words</para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para>Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 校园</para></entry><entry><para> xia4oyua2n </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>campus</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 主意</para></entry><entry><para> zhu3yi</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>idea</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 不错</para></entry><entry><para> bu2cuo4 </para></entry><entry><para>idiom exp. </para></entry><entry><para>not bad</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 随身</para></entry><entry><para> sui2she1n</para></entry><entry><para>exp. </para></entry><entry><para>(carry) on one's person; (take) with one </para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 迷路</para></entry><entry><para> mi2lu4</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to lose</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 封</para></entry><entry><para> fe1ng </para></entry><entry><para>measure word </para></entry><entry><para>for letters</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 号</para></entry><entry><para> ha4o </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>number</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 平信</para></entry><entry><para> pi2ngxi4n</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>ordinary mail</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 航空信</para></entry><entry><para>ha2ngko1ngxi4n </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>air mail</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 信封</para></entry><entry><para> xi4nfe1ng</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>envelope</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 写信封</para></entry><entry><para>xie3xi4nfe1ng </para></entry><entry><para> v. phrase </para></entry><entry><para>to address an envelope</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 营业员</para></entry><entry><para>yi2ngye4yua2n </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>clerk</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 通常</para></entry><entry><para> to1ngcha2ng </para></entry><entry><para>adv. </para></entry><entry><para>generally; usually</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 特快转递</para></entry><entry><para> te4kua4izhua1ndi4 </para></entry><entry><para>phrase </para></entry><entry><para>express mail</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 邮费</para></entry><entry><para> yo2ufe4i</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>postage</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 贵</para></entry><entry><para> gui4 </para></entry><entry><para> adj. E</para></entry><entry><para>xpensive</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 明信片</para></entry><entry><para>mi2ngxi4npia4n</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>postcard</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 种类</para></entry><entry><para> zho3ngle4i </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>kinds, types</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 风景</para></entry><entry><para> fe1ngji3ng</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>scenery, landscape</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 人物</para></entry><entry><para> re2nwu4 </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>person</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 动物</para></entry><entry><para> do4ngwu4</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>animal</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 套</para></entry><entry><para> ta4o </para></entry><entry><para>measure word </para></entry><entry><para>(for books, furniture, rooms, methods, remarks, etc.) set; suit; suite</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 顺便问一下儿</para></entry><entry><para>shu4nbia4nwe4nyi2xia4r </para></entry><entry><para> idiom exp. </para></entry><entry><para>by the way</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 取</para></entry><entry><para> qu3</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to pick up</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 包裹</para></entry><entry><para> ba1oguo3 </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>parcel, package</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 包裹单</para></entry><entry><para>ba1oguo3da1n</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>package (arrival) notice</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 身份</para></entry><entry><para> she1nfe4n</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>identity</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 证件</para></entry><entry><para> zhe4ngjia4n</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>documents, credentials, certificate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 整理</para></entry><entry><para> zhe3ngli3</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to arrange; to put in order</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 旧</para></entry><entry><para> ji4u </para></entry><entry><para> adj. </para></entry><entry><para>old</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 照片</para></entry><entry><para> zha4opia4n</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>photo, picture</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 刚刚</para></entry><entry><para> ga1ngga1ng </para></entry><entry><para> adv.</para></entry><entry><para> just</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 邮局</para></entry><entry><para> yo2uju2 </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>post office</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 寄</para></entry><entry><para> ji4</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to mail</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 选</para></entry><entry><para> xua3n </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to choose; to select</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 方法</para></entry><entry><para> fa1ngfa3</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>way; method</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 地址</para></entry><entry><para> di4zhi3 </para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>address</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 收信人</para></entry><entry><para>sho1uxi4nre2n </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>addressee; receiver</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 右下角</para></entry><entry><para>yo4uxia4jia3o</para></entry><entry><para> direction word </para></entry><entry><para> lower right corner </para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 按照</para></entry><entry><para> an4zha4o </para></entry><entry><para>adv. </para></entry><entry><para>according to</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 营业</para></entry><entry><para> yi2ngye4 </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>to do business</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 静静地</para></entry><entry><para>ji4ngji4ngde</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para>quietly</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 盆</para></entry><entry><para> pe2n </para></entry><entry><para>measure word </para></entry><entry><para>for things held in a basin, tub, or pot</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 风筝</para></entry><entry><para> fe1ngzhe1ng</para></entry><entry><para> n.</para></entry><entry><para>kite</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 只</para></entry><entry><para> zhi1 </para></entry><entry><para> measure word </para></entry><entry><para>For boats, birds, some animals, some containers, and one of certain paired things</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 午夜</para></entry><entry><para> wu3ye4</para></entry><entry><para>time word </para></entry><entry><para>midnight</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 湖</para></entry><entry><para> hu2</para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para>lake</para></entry></row><row><entry><para> 欢呼雀跃</para></entry><entry><para> hua1nhu1que4yue4 </para></entry><entry><para>idiom</para></entry><entry><para>to cheer, to exclaim </para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77781_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77783_1993127563"/>1. The Continuous Aspect of an Action--the Use of 着</title>
- <para>The aspect particle 着 is placed after the verb in a sentence to indicate the continuation of an action. The subject of the sentence can be a person or a place. The sentence pattern is as follows:</para>
- <para>S + V + 着 + O</para>
- <para>(1.) The pattern is used to describe the continuous aspect of an action by a person/people or the continuous aspect of a state about a person/people.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)人美在宿舍等着学友呢。</para>
- <para>Renmei is waiting for Xueyou in the dorm.</para>
- <para>2.)学友看着人美在北京照的新照片。</para>
- <para>Xueyou is looking at the new pictures Renmei took in Beijing.</para>
- <para>3.)王老师喝着从中国带来的龙井茶。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang is drinking the Longjing tea (he) brought from China. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) The pattern is also used to describe the continuous aspect of an action or the continuous aspect of a state effecting a place.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁的桌子上放着很多照片。</para>
- <para>Many pictures are placed on Xiaoding's desk.</para>
- <para>2.)信封上写着小丁爸爸的名字。 </para>
- <para>Xiaoding's father's name is written down on the envelope.</para>
- <para>3.)这间宿舍住着两个美国留学生。</para>
- <para>Two American students live in this dorm.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(3.) In sentences with series of verbal structures, the aspect particle 着 is placed after the first verb to describe the state or manner in which the second action is carried out. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁拿着一张照片问林老师：“您的这张照片是在北大图书馆照的吗？”</para>
- <para>Xiaoding asked Teacher Lin while holding a picture: "Is this picture of you taken in the Beijing University Library?"</para>
- <para>2.)开开穿着一件蓝衣服去幼儿园(yo4u e2r yua2n, kindergarten)。</para>
- <para>Kaikai is wearing blue clothes to go to the kindergarten.</para>
- <para>3.)世海拿着一本中文语法书去王老师那儿问问题。</para>
- <para>Shihai is carrying a Chinese Grammar 语法 book to go to Teacher Wang's place and ask questions. </para>
- <para>(4.) When a verb is followed by the aspect particle 着 to indicate the continuation of an action of a state, the verb does not take complements.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>小丁和学友坐着听王老师说话。 </para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou are sitting there listening to Teacher Wang talk. It is incorrect to add a complement to the sentence in the following way:</para>
- <para>*小丁和学友坐着听王老师说话二十分钟。</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(5.) The differences between the continuous aspect of an action using the particle 着 and the progressive aspect of an action using the particle 正在/正/在.</para>
- <para>a. The continuous aspect of an action usually implies that the action is in progress, and therefore, the particles 正在, 正, or 在 and the word 呢 are often used with the particle 着. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)学友的手里正拿着北京地图呢。</para>
- <para>Xueyou's hand is holding a map of Beijing.</para>
- <para>2.)学友来看林老师的时候, 外边正下着雨呢。</para>
- <para>When Xueyou came to see Teacher Lin, it was raining outside. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. The continuous aspect of an action emphasizes and describes the static aspect of an action or a state, and the aspect particle 着 is placed after the verb (or the first verb in sentences with series of verbal structures). As to the progressive aspect of an action, it emphasizes the active aspect of an action, and the aspect particles 正在, 正, or 在 are placed before the verb. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)学友正在拿中国地图。</para>
- <para>Xueyou is holding a map of China (right this moment). </para>
- <para>2.)学友拿着中国地图。 </para>
- <para>Xueyou has been holding a map of China. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>(6.) The negative and interrogative forms of the patterns that indicate the continuous aspect of an action.</para>
- <para>a. The negation form of the patterns that indicate the continuous aspect of an action is to add the negative 没有 before the verb (or the first verb in sentences with series of verbal structures) and </para>
- <para>take the particle 着 out of the sentence. The patterns should be:</para>
- <para> S (people/place) + 没有 + V + O</para>
- <para> or S + 没有 + V1 + O1 + V2 + O2</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)王老师没有喝从北京带来的龙井茶。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang didn't drink the Longjing tea (he) brought from Beijing. </para>
- <para>2.)开开没有穿蓝衣服去幼儿园。</para>
- <para>Kaikai didn't wear blue clothes to the kingdergarten.</para>
- <para>3.)外边没有下雨。</para>
- <para>It didn't rain outside. </para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. The interrogative form of the patterns that indicate the continuous aspect of an action is to add the question word 吗 or the negative 没有 at the end of the affirmative sentences. The patterns should be:</para>
- <para>S (about people/people) + V + 着 + O + 吗/没有?</para>
- <para>or S + V1 + 着 + O1 + V2 + O2 + 吗/没有?</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)这间宿舍住着两个美国留学生吗？</para>
- <para>Do two American students live in this dorm?</para>
- <para>2.)学友拿着中文语法书去图书馆没有？</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Did Xueyou go to the library holding a Chinese Grammar 语法 book?</para>
- <para>3.)小丁的桌子上放着她爸爸、妈妈的照片吗？</para>
- <para>Is the picture of her mom and dad placed on Xiaoding's desk?</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77785_1993127563"/>2. The Use of the Structural Particle 地</title>
- <para>(1.) Bisyllabic or polysyllabic adjective are often used together with the structural particle 地, as an adverbial modifier, to modify the verb in a sentence. Sometimes, the structural particle 地 is omitted. </para>
- <para>The pattern should be:</para>
- <para>S + Bisyllabic/polysyllabic Adj. + 地 + V + O</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)就要期末(qi1mo4, end of the semester, final)考试了。 我要认真(地)复习课文。</para>
- <para>The final exam is soon. I want to review the lesson carefully.</para>
- <para>2.)小丁高兴地说：“这是个好主意。”</para>
- <para>Xiaoding said gladly:"That is a good idea."</para>
- <para>3.)在北京大学, 小丁和学友都努力(地)学习中文。</para>
- <para>In Beijing University, Xiaoding and Xueyou are both studying Chinese with great effort.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) The differences between adverbial modifier structure using 地 and the complement of degree structure using 得.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>a. Structurally, for the adverbial modifier structure using 地, the adjective + 地 structure is placed before the verb. For the complement of degree structure using 得, the 得 + adjective structure is placed after the verb. </para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)学友认真地看小丁的照片。</para>
- <para>Xueyou is looking at Xiaoding's pictures carefully.</para>
- <para>2.)学友看小丁的照片看得很认真。</para>
- <para>Xueyou is looking at Xiaoding's pictures carefully.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>b. Both the complement of degree structure and the adverbial modifier structure can be used when describing a present action.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)她很大声(da4she1ng, loudly)地朗读(la3ngdu2, read)中文。 = 她朗读中文朗读得很大声。</para>
- <para>She reads Chinese very loudly.</para>
- <para>2.)世海吃午饭吃得很快。 = 世海很快地吃完午饭。 </para>
- <para>Shihai eats his lunch very fast.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>c. The complement of degree structure is often used when describing an action that has already taken place or an action occurs frequently or habitually.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.) 昨天我复习中文复习得很认真。(也可以说“昨天我很认真地复习中文。”)</para>
- <para>Yesterday I reviewed Chinese very carefylly.</para>
- <para>2.) 我吃饭吃得很快, 我姐姐吃饭吃得很慢。</para>
- <para>I eat fast; my older sister eats slowly.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>d. The adverbial modifier structure can be used when describing an action that has not yet happened.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.) 明天我要认真地复习中文。(不能说“明天我要复习中文复习得很认真。”)</para>
- <para>Tomorrow I want to review Chinese carefully.</para>
- <para>2.) 我希望我的朋友们会更多地了解中国。 (不能说“我希望我的朋友们会</para>
- <para> 了解中国了解得很多。”)</para>
- <para>I hope that my friends will know China more.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>e. Generally, the complement of degree structure emphasizes the result of an accomplished action, whereas the adverbial modifier structure emphasizes the manner or attitude in which the subject takes or is going to take an action.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)上个学期, 他学习学得不努力, 所以他考试考得不太好。</para>
- <para>Last semester, he didn't study hard, so he did not do well in the exam. </para>
- <para>2.)这个学期, 他应该努力(地)学习。 </para>
- <para>This semester, he should study hard. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77787_1993127563"/>3. The Structure 有的...有的...</title>
- <para>The pronoun 有的 means "some". It is used as an adjective modifier in the structure "有的 + N ...有的 + N ...". The pronoun 有的 may occurfor once, twice or three times in a sentence, depending on the context. The noun modified by 有的 can be left out if the noun has appeared earlier in the sentence.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)在美国, 有的人喜欢吃美国菜, 有的人喜欢吃中国菜, 有的人喜欢吃日本菜。</para>
- <para>In the U.S., some people like to eat American food, some like to eat Chinese food, some like to eat Japanese food. </para>
- <para>2.)在图书馆里, 有的学生在看书, 有的(学生)在用电脑。</para>
- <para>In the library, some students are reading books, some are using computers.</para>
- <para>3.)北京大学有很多外国留学生。 有的是美国人, 有的是日本人, 有的是欧洲人。</para>
- <para>There are many foreign students in Beijing Unversity. Some are Americans, some are Japanese, some are Europeans. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77789_1993127563"/>4. The Structure 有些...还有一些...</title>
- <para>The structure 有些...还有一些... means "some...(still) some others...". The use of which is very similar to the structure 有的...有的.... The only difference is that by using 些, the structure 有些...还有一些... emphasizes plurality.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁从美国带来了一些照片。 有些是小丁和学友跟王老师一起照的, 还有一些是他们学校的照片。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding brought some pictures from the U.S. Some were pictures that Xiaoding and Xueyou took with Teacher Wang, some others were picturesof their school.</para>
- <para>2.)昨天我去书店买了很多中文书。 有些是中文小说, 还有一些是中文语法书和词典。</para>
- <para>I went to the bookstore and bought many Chinese books yesterday. Some were Chinese novels, some others were Chinese Grammar 语法 books and dictionaries.</para>
- <para>3.)小丁认识很多中国朋友。 有些是北京大学的学生, 还有一些是在公司或者国家机关(guo2jia1ji1gua1n, the government agencies)工作的年轻人。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding knew many Chinese friends. Some were students of Beijing University, some others were young people working in corporations or government agencies. </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77791_1993127563"/>5. The Structure 跟/和...(不)一样</title>
- <para>The structure 跟/和...一样 means "the same as...". The negative form of it, the structure 跟/和...不一样 means "not the same as...". The structure 跟/和...(不)一样 is used when the speaker wants to talk about the same characteristic/situation that applies to two different people/things. The basic pattern is:</para>
- <para>S1 + 跟/和 + S2 + (不)一样</para>
- <para>Note: the first subject of a sentence using the structure 跟/和...一样 can be a noun, a simple noun phrase or a complex noun phrase modified by an attributive clause. The second subject of the sentence can be of the similar structure as that of the subject; it can also be simply a noun, or a simple noun phrase. </para>
- <para> For example:</para>
- <para>1.)美国人说的英文跟英国人不太一样。 </para>
- <para>或者：美国人说的英文跟英国人说的英文不太一样。 </para>
- <para>The English spoken by Americans is different from the one spoken by the British.</para>
- <para>2.)中国人写信封的方法跟美国人不一样。</para>
- <para>The way Chinese write letters is different from the one the Americans do. </para>
- <para>3.)我的中文书跟我朋友的中文书一样。</para>
- <para>My Chinese book is the same as that of my friend's.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77793_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77795_1993127563"/>1. The Continuous Aspect of an Action--the Use of 着</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁的爸爸、妈妈看着小丁从北京寄来的信和照片, 心里很高兴。</para>
- <para>While looking at the letter and the pictures that Xiaoding sent from Beijing, Xiaoding's mom and dad felt very happy.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天, 我去看我的好朋友的时候, 她正吃着她妈妈给她做的点心呢。</para>
- <para>Yesterday, when I went to see my good friend, she was eating the pastries made by her mom.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我哥哥的桌子上放着他和他的女朋友的照片。</para>
- <para>The picture of my brother and his girlfriend is placed on his desk.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我的中国朋友喜欢听着美国流行歌曲整理房间。</para>
- <para>My Chinese friend likes to put things into order while listening to American pop songs.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>你喜欢看着电视做作业吗？</para>
- <para>Do you like to do your homework while watching TV?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这是我爸爸的汉语词典。 屝页上(fe1iye4, title page)写着我爸爸的名字。</para>
- <para>This is my dad's Chinese dictionary. My dad's name is written down on the title page.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77797_1993127563"/>2. The Use of the Structural Particle 地</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我离开中国来美国留学的那一天, 我妹妹难过地哭了。</para>
- <para>The day I left China to come to study in the U.S., my younger sister cried.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>林老师的口语课很有意思。 每堂课上, 同学们都很认真地听讲(ti1ngjia3ng, listen to the lecture), 做练习。</para>
- <para>Teacher Lin's conversation class is very interesting. In every class, students listen to the lecture very carefully, and do exercises. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他的爸爸、妈妈为了让他能上有名的大学, 非常辛苦地工作。</para>
- <para>His father and mother work very hard so that he can go to a famous university. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我的中文口语不太好。 明年, 我要去中国, 好好地练习我的口语。</para>
- <para>My Chinese speaking is not very good. Next year, I want to go to China, and practice my speaking hard. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这本书能帮助你更好地了解中国文化。 </para>
- <para>This book can help you understand Chinese culture better. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友告诉小丁明天林老师跟他们一起去长城玩。 小丁高兴地说: “太好了。”</para>
- <para>Xueyou told Xiaoding that tomorrow Teacher Lin will go with them to the Great Wall. Xiaoding said happily:"That's great."</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77799_1993127563"/>3. The Structure 有的...有的...</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>北大的学生都很喜欢锻练。 每天下午, 有的学生跑步, 有的打球, 有的游泳。</para>
- <para>Students in Beijing University like to do exercises a lot. Every afternoon, some students go running, some play balls, some go swimming. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我有很多音乐CD。 有的是美国流行音乐, 有的是欧洲古典音乐, 有的中国民间音乐。</para>
- <para>I have a lot of music CDs. Some are American pop music, some are European classical music, some are Chinese folk music. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>在美国的大学里, 有的学生住学生宿舍, 有的住自己租(zu1, rent)房子, 有的住在爸爸、妈妈的家里。</para>
- <para>In American universities, some students live in the students' dorm, some live in a house rented by themselves, some live in their mom's and dad's house. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>大学毕业以後, 有的人开始工作, 有的人上研究所。</para>
- <para>After college graduation, some people start to work, some go to graduate school. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77801_1993127563"/>4. The Structure 有些...还有一些...</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>去纽约的火车上, 有些人是去纽约玩儿的, 有些人是去工作的, 还有一些人是去办事(ba4n shi4, to do business)的。 </para>
- <para>On the train to New York, some people go to New York for fun, some go for work, still others go for business.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>她今年夏天买了很多衣服。 有些是上课穿的, 有些是在家里穿的, 还有一些是出去玩儿穿的。</para>
- <para>She bought many clothes this summer. Some are for class, some are for home, still others are for outings. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>健身房里锻练的人很多。 有些人在跑步机上跑步, 有些人在练习举重, 还有一些人在跳健美操。</para>
- <para>There are many people doing exercises in the gym. Some people are running on the running machine, some are practising weight lifting, stillothers are doing aerobics. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77803_1993127563"/>5. The Structure 跟/和...(不)一样</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>北京的气候跟上海的不太一样。</para>
- <para>The weather in Beijing is not the same as in Shanghai. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他写的字跟他爸爸的字一样漂亮。</para>
- <para>The characters he writes are as beautiful as the characters his father writes.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>他的中文跟他的英文一样好。</para>
- <para>His Chinese is as good as his English. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我今天吃的午饭跟昨天吃的一样。</para>
- <para>The lunch I had today is the same as what I had yesterday. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77805_1993127563"/>6. The conjunction 而且 "and also"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>人美自己带着信封去邮局, 而且已经写好地址了。</para>
- <para>Renmei took her own envelope to the post office, and also had written down the address (on it). </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今年夏天的天气很热, 而且不下雨。</para>
- <para>It is very hot this summer, and also, it hasn't been raining. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>北京是中国的政治经济中心, 而且也是中国的文化中心。</para>
- <para>Beijing is the political and economic center of China, and also, it is the cultural center of China. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学习历史是为了了解过去, 而且也是为了指导未来。</para>
- <para>Studying history is to understand the past, and also, it is to guide the future. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77807_1993127563"/>7. The conjunction 但是 "but"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>寄特快专递很快, 但是邮费很贵。</para>
- <para>It is very fast to send (a letter) by express mail; but the postage is very expensive. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学习历史很有意思, 但是学得好不容易。</para>
- <para>Studing history is very interesting; but it is not easy to learn it well.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>美国的邮局跟中国的邮局一样方便, 但是, 美国的邮局星期六、星期天不开门。</para>
- <para>The post office in the U.S. is as convenient as the one in China. However, the post office in the U.S. does not open on Saturdays andSundays. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这家中国餐馆作的菜很地道, 但是很贵。</para>
- <para>The dishes made in this Chinese restaurant are very authentic; but they are very expensive. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77809_1993127563"/>8. The adverb 顺便 "incidentally, in passing, (do sth) in addition to what one is already doing, without much extra effort"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>顺便问一下儿, 取包裹需要什麽手续？</para>
- <para>By the way, may I ask what procedures are needed for claiming a packet?</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天我去邮局寄信的时候, 顺便买了几张明信片。</para>
- <para>When I went to the post office to mail a letter today, I bought some postcards while I was there. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>昨天学友去林老师那儿问问题, 顺便借了一本中文语法书。</para>
- <para>Yesterday, Xueyou went to Teacher Lin's place to ask some questions while he was there. He borrowed a Chinese Grammar 语法 book by chance. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>去年他来美国的时候, 顺便去加拿大玩了一个星期。</para>
- <para>Last year when he came to the U.S., he went to Canada for a week while there. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77811_1993127563"/>9. The conjunction 於是 "so; then; hence"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁听说中国人写信封的方法跟美国人不太一样。 於是, 她给林老师打电话, 问林老师怎麽写中文信封。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding heard that the way Chinese address envelopes is kind of different from the Americans. Hence, she called Teacher Lin and asked him how to address a Chinese envelope.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友和人美都很想更多地了解中国文化。 於是, 他们利用暑假去北京学中文。</para>
- <para>Both Xueyou and Renmei would like to know more about Chinese culture. Hence, they took advantage of the summer break to go to Beijing and study Chinese. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>刘老师告诉学友, 去北大医院检查身体不需要打电话约时间。 於是, 学友直接去北大医院找负责体检的李大夫。</para>
- <para>Teacher Liu told Xueyou that to go to the Beijing University Hospital to have a physical exam, (he) doesn't need to make a phone call to schedule an appointment. Hence, Xueyou went to the Beijing University Hospital directly to see Dr. Li, who is in charge of physical exam. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>人美的中国朋友们告诉她, 北京香山的红叶在秋天的时候最美。 於是, 人美跟她的男朋友学友这个星期六要去香山玩。 </para>
- <para>Renmei's Chinese friends told her, the red leaves of the Fragrant Hill in Beijing are the most beautiful in the Fall. Hence, Renmei and her boyfriend Xueyou are going to the Fragrant Hill this Saturday. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77813_1993127563"/>10.The preposition 按照 "according to"</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁和学友按照林老师电话里说的, 写好了信封。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou addressed the envelope according to what Teacher Lin said on the phone. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁按照王老师给他们的电话号码, 给王老师的太太打电话。</para>
- <para>Using the phone number that Teacher Wang gave them, Xiaoding and Xueyou called Teacher Wang's wife.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>学友按照刘老师说的, 直接去北大医院找李大夫体检。</para>
- <para>Xueyou went to the Beijing University Hospital directly to look for Dr. Li for a physical exam as Teacher Liu had said to do. </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>人美按照大夫给她开的药方(ya4ofa1ng, prescription), 买了一些中药。</para>
- <para>Renmei bought some Chinese medicine in accordance with the prescription given by the doctor. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77815_1993127563"/>Lesson 35</title>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77817_1993127563"/>Dialogue</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77819_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para>Chatting with Chinese Friends</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(Zhang Guahua and Wang Xiaofang are third-year students of the English Department at Beijing University. They are also boyfriend and girlfriend. Both of them know Renmei and Xueyou. One day, Guohua and Xiaofang went to Renmei's dorm to chat.)</para>
- <para>(Xiaozhang knocks at the door.)</para>
- <para>Renmei: (I'm) coming. (Renmei opened the door.) Guohua, Xiaofang, welcome, welcome. Please come in. Xueyou is also here.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Guohua, Xiaofang, haven't seen you for a while. How is everything going?</para>
- <para>Guohua: We have been busy lately. I attended a GRE exam coaching class. Xiaofang is making use of the break and working in a foreign invested company.</para>
- <para>Renmei: What, Guohua, you want to take the GRE exam, and apply for scholarship from American universities, right?</para>
- <para>Guohua: Right. My major is British and American literature. I really hope that I can go to graduate school in the U.S. and pursue a doctorate in British and American literature.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: That's a very good idea. (If you) want to truly understand the language and the culture of a country, (you) should go to that country to study and live for a period of time.</para>
- <para>Guohua: Right. Renmei, Xueyou, is this the reason why you come to study in China?</para>
- <para>Renmei: Yes. Before we came to China, I had also taken many Chinese classes. I had conversation class, Grammar 语法 class, calligraphy class, etc. My Chinese teachers all taught very well. However, the time in class was nonetheless limited. I did not have many opportunities to practice Chinese. After I came to Beijing, everyday, what I hear and what I see are all Chinese. I also have many opportunities to talk to my Chinese teachers, classmates and friends. Xueyou and I have made rapid progress in our Chinese.</para>
- <para>Xiaofang: How is your class schedule?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Very tight. Everyday we have four hours of classes in the morning. We have to review the lessons and do homework in the afternoon and at night.</para>
- <para>Guohua: Have you had any exams?</para>
- <para>Renmei: Every week there is a quiz. Last week's quiz was very difficult. I didn't do very well. This week, I want to review my lessons well, and prepare for next week's quiz.</para>
- <para>Xiaofang: I didn't know that your study is so busy. There are many interesting places in Beijing. Have you been anywhere?</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Yes. Last Sunday we went to the Great Wall with our conversation class teacher, Teacher Lin. The Great Wall is really magnificent. A common saying goes: "If you fail to reach the Great Wall you are not a man." After we went to the Great Wall, we truly understood the meaning of this saying. In the future, if there is any opportunity, both of us want to go to the Great Wall again.</para>
- <para>Renmei: The day we went to the Great Wall, we also brought the camera with us. Teacher Lin took a lot of pictures for us. Yesterday, we went to the post office and mailed letters and pictures to our parents and friends in the U.S.</para>
- <para>Xiaofang: Have you been to the Temple of Heaven?</para>
- <para>Xueyou, Renmei: No, we haven't.</para>
- <para>Xiaofang: My home is near the Temple of Heaven. I know that there is a very good Xi'an dumpling restaurant there. This Saturday, Guohua and I would like to invite you to go to the Temple of Heaven with us. After that, we can go to the Xi'an dumpling restaurant together.</para>
- <para>Renmei: Great. I am going to bring my camera on Saturday. Let's take a lot of pictures.</para>
- <para>Xueyou: Renmei, didn't you say that you are going to review your lessons well and prepare for next week's exam?</para>
- <para>Renmei: I can review on Sunday. Guohua, Xiaofang, what would you say?</para>
- <para>Guohua, Xiaofang: Right. You study very hard on weekdays. During the weekend, you should take a good rest.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77821_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para/>
- <para>和中国朋友聊天</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>(张国华和王晓芳是北京大学英文系三年级的学生。 他们是一对恋人。 他们都认识人美和学友。 这一天, 国华和晓芳去人美的宿舍聊天。)</para>
- <para>(小张敲门)</para>
- <para>人美：来了。 (人美开门。) 国华, 晓芳, 欢迎, 欢迎。 请进。 学友也在这儿。</para>
- <para>学友：国华, 晓芳, 好久不见了, 最近怎麽样？</para>
- <para>国华：最近我们都比较忙。 我参加了一个GRE考试辅导班。 晓芳利用假期, 在一家外资企业工作。</para>
- <para>人美：怎麽, 国华, 你想参加GRE考试, 申请美国大学的奖学金, 对吗？</para>
- <para>国华：对。 我的专业是英美文学。 我很希望能到美国的大学上研究所, 攻读英美文学的博士学位。</para>
- <para>学友：你的想法很好。 要真正了解一个国家的语言和文化, 就应该去那个国家学习和生活一段时间。</para>
- <para>国华：是啊。 人美, 学友, 这是不是你们来中国留学的原因？</para>
- <para>人美：是。 来中国以前, 我也修了好几门汉语课。 有口语课, 语法课, 书法课, 等等。 我的中文老师都教得非常好。 可是, 上课的时间毕竟有限, 我练习中文的机会不太多。 来北京以後, 每天听到的, 看到的都是中文, 还有很多机会跟中国的老师, 同学和朋友们交谈。 学友和我的中文都进步得非常快 。</para>
- <para>晓芳：你们的课程安排得怎麽样？</para>
- <para>学友：很紧张。 每天上午有四个小时的课, 下午和晚上要复习功课, 做作业。</para>
- <para>国华：考过试了吗？</para>
- <para>人美：每个星期有一次测验。 上个星期的测验很难。 我考得不太好。 这个星期, 我要好好地复习功课, 准备下星期的考试。</para>
- <para>晓芳：没想到, 你们的学习这麽忙。 北京好玩儿的地方很多。 你们出去玩儿了吗？</para>
- <para>学友：去了。 我们上个星期天跟教我们口语的林老师去长城玩儿了。 长城真是壮观。 俗话说：“不到长城非好汉”。 我们去了长城, 才理解这句话的意思。 以後如果有机会, 我们还想再去一次长城。</para>
- <para>人美：我们去长城的那一天, 还带着相机。 林老师给我们照了很多照片。 我们昨天去邮局, 给在美国的父母和朋友寄了信和照片。</para>
- <para>晓芳：你们去过天坛吗？</para>
- <para>学友﹑人美：还没有呢。</para>
- <para>晓芳：我家就在天坛附近。 我知道那儿有一个很好的西安饺子馆 。这个星期六, 国华和我想请你们一起去天坛玩儿。 然後, 一起去西安饺子馆吃饭。</para>
- <para>人美：太好了。 星期六那天我带着相机, 我们大家一起多照几张相。</para>
- <para>学友：人美, 你不是说要好好地复习功课, 准备下星期的考试吗？</para>
- <para>人美：星期天还可以复习功课嘛。 国华, 晓芳, 你们说对吗？</para>
- <para>国华﹑晓芳：对。 你们平时学习得很努力, 周末应该好好休息一下儿。</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77823_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para/>
- <para>和中國朋友聊天</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(張國華和王曉芳是北京大學英文系三年級的學生。 他們是一對戀人。 他們都認識人美和學友。 這一天﹐ 國華和曉芳去人美的宿舍聊天。)</para>
- <para>(小張敲門)</para>
- <para>人美﹕來了。 (人美開門。) 國華﹐ 曉芳﹐ 歡迎﹐ 歡迎。 請進。 學友也在這兒。</para>
- <para>學友﹕國華﹐ 曉芳﹐ 好久不見了﹐ 最近怎麼樣﹖</para>
- <para>國華﹕最近我們都比較忙。 我參加了一個GRE考試輔導班。 曉芳利用假期﹐ 在一家外資企業工作。</para>
- <para>人美﹕怎麼﹐國華﹐ 你想參加GRE考試﹐ 申請美國大學的獎學金﹐ 對嗎﹖</para>
- <para>國華﹕對。 我的專業是英美文學。 我很希望能到美國的大學上研究所﹐ 攻讀英美文學的博士學位。</para>
- <para>學友﹕你的想法很好。 要真正了解一個國家的語言和文化﹐ 就應該去那個國家學習和生活一段時間。</para>
- <para>國華﹕是啊。 人美﹐學友﹐ 這是不是你們來中國留學的原因﹖</para>
- <para>人美﹕是。 來中國以前﹐ 我也修了好幾門漢語課。 有口語課﹐ 語法課﹐ 書法課﹐ 等等。 我的中文老師都教得非常好。 可是﹐ 上課的時間畢竟有限﹐我練習中文的機會不太多。 來北京以後﹐ 每天聽到的﹐看到的都是中文﹐還有很多機會跟中國的老師﹐同學和朋友們交談。 學友和我的中文都進步得非常快 。</para>
- <para>曉芳﹕你們的課程安排得怎麼樣﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕很緊張。 每天上午有四個小時的課﹐ 下午和晚上要復習功課﹐ 做作業。</para>
- <para>國華﹕考過試了嗎﹖</para>
- <para>人美﹕每個星期有一次測驗。 上個星期的測驗很難。 我考得不太好。 這個星期﹐我要好好地復習功課﹐ 準備下星期的考試。</para>
- <para>曉芳﹕沒想到﹐ 你們的學習這麼忙。 北京好玩兒的地方很多。 你們出去玩兒了嗎﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹕去了。 我們上個星期天跟教我們口語的林老師去長城玩兒了。 長城真是</para>
- <para>壯觀。 俗話說﹕“不到長城非好漢”。 我們去了長城﹐才理解這句話的意思。 以後如果有機會﹐我們還想再去一次長城。</para>
- <para>人美﹕我們去長城的那一天﹐還帶著相機。 林老師給我們照了很多照片。 我們昨天去郵局﹐ 給在美國的父母和朋友寄了信和照片。</para>
- <para>曉芳﹕你們去過天壇嗎﹖</para>
- <para>學友﹑人美﹕還沒有呢。</para>
- <para>曉芳﹕我家就在天壇附近。 我知道那兒有一個很好的西安餃子館 。這個星期六﹐國華和我想請你們一起去天壇玩兒。 然後﹐一起去西安餃子館吃飯。</para>
- <para>人美﹕太好了。 星期六那天我帶著相機﹐ 我們大家一起多照幾張相。</para>
- <para>學友﹕人美﹐你不是說要好好地復習功課﹐準備下星期的考試嗎﹖</para>
- <para>人美﹕星期天還可以復習功課嘛。 國華﹐ 曉芳﹐你們說對嗎﹖</para>
- <para>國華﹑曉芳﹕對。 你們平時學習得很努力﹐ 周末應該好好休息一下兒。</para>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77825_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para> Hé Zhōngguo Péngyou Liáotiān</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(Zhāng Guóhuá hé Wǎng Xiǎofāng shì Běijīng dàxué Yīngwén xì sān niánjí de xuésheng. Tāmen shì yí duì liànrén. Tāmen dōu rènshi Rénměi hé Xuéyǒu. Zhè yì tiān, Guóhuá hé Xiǎofāng qù Rénměi de sùshè liáotiān.)</para>
- <para>(Xiǎo Zhāng qiāo mén)</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Guóhuá, Xiǎofāng, hǎo jiǔ bú jiàn le, zuìjìn zěnmeyang?</para>
- <para>Guóhuá: Zuìjìn wǒmen dōu bǐjiào máng. Wǒ cānjiā le yí ge GRE kǎoshì fúdǎobān. Xiǎofāng lìyòng jiàqī, zài yì jiā wàizī qǐyè gōngzuò.</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Zěnme, Guóhuá, nǐ xiǎng cānjiā GRE kǎoshì, shēnqǐng Měiguo dàxué de jiǎngxuéjīn, duì ma?</para>
- <para>Guóhuá: Duì. Wǒ de zhuānyè shì Yīng Měi wénxué. Wǒ hěn xīwang néng dào Měiguo de dàxué shàng yánjiūsuǒ, gōngdú Yīng Měi wénxué de bóshì xuéwèi.</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Nǐ de xiǎngfǎ hěn hǎo. Yào zhēnzhèng liǎojiě yí ge guójiā de yǔyán hé wénhuà, jiù yīnggāi qù nà ge guójiā xuéxí hé shēnghuo yí duàn shíjiān. Guóhuá:Shì a. Rénměi, Xuéyǒu, zhè shì bu shì nǐmen lái Zhōngguo liúxué de yuányīn ?</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Shì. Lái Zhōngguo yǐqián, wǒ yě xiū le hǎo jǐ mén Hànyǔ kè. Yǒu kǒuyǔ kè, yǔfǎ kè, shūfǎ kè, děngdeng. Wǒ de Zhōngwén lǎoshī dōu jiāo de fēicháng hǎo. Kěshì, shàngkè de shíjiān bìjìng yǒuxiàn, wǒ liànxí Zhōngwén de jīhuì bú tài duō. Lái Běijīng yǐhòu, měitiān tīng dào de, kàn dào de dōu shì Zhōngwén, hái yǒu hěn duō jīhuì gēn Zhōngguo de lǎoshī, tóngxué hé péngyoumen jiāotán. Xuéyǒu hé wǒ de Zhōngwén dōu jìnbù de fēicháang kuài.</para>
- <para>Xiǎofāng: Nǐmen de kèchéng ānpái de zěnmeyang ?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Hěn jǐnzhāng. Měitiān shàngwǔ yǒu sì ge xiǎoshí de kè, xiàwǔ hé wǎnshang yào fùxí gōngkè, zuò zuòyè.</para>
- <para>Guóhuá: Kǎo guò shì le ma ?</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Měi ge xīngqī yǒu yí cì cèyàn. Shàng ge xīngqī de cèyàn hěn nán. Wǒ kǎo de bú tài hǎo. Zhè ge xīngqī, wǒ yào hǎohāo de fùxí gōngkè, zhǔnbèi xià xīngqī de </para>
- <para> kǎoshì.</para>
- <para>Xiǎofāng: Méi xiǎng dào, nǐmen de xuéxí zhème máng. Běijīng hǎo wánr de dìfāng hěn duō. Nǐmen chū qù wánr le ma?</para>
- <para>Xuéyǒu: Qù le. Wǒmen shàng ge xīngqītiān gēn jiāo wǒmen kǒuyǔ de Lín lǎoshī qù Chángchéng wánr le. Chángchéng zhēnshì zhuàngguān. Súhuà shuō:”Bú dào Chángchéng fēi hǎo hàn”. Wǒmen qù le Chángchéng, cái líjiě zhè jù huà de yìsi. Yǐhǒu rúguó yǒu jīhuì, wǒmen hái xiǎng zài qù yí cì Chángchéng.</para>
- <para>Rénměi: Wǒmen qù Chángchéng de nà yì tiān, hái dài zhe xiàngjī. Lín lǎoshī gěi wǒmen zhào le hěn duō zhàopiàn. Wǒmen zuótiān qù yóujú, gěi zài Měiguo de fùmǔ hé péngyou jì le xìn hé zhàopiàn.</para>
- <para>Xiăofāng: Nĭmen qù guò Tiāntán ma?</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu, Rénmĕi: Hái méiyŏu ne.</para>
- <para>Xiăofāng: Wŏ jiā jiù zài Tiāntán fùjìn. Wŏ zhīdào nàr yŏu yí ge hěn hăo de Xī’ān jiăozi guăn. Zhè ge xīngqī liù, Guóhuá hé wŏ xiăng qĭng Nĭmen yìqĭ qù Tiāntán wánr. Ránhòu, yìqĭ qù Xī’ān jiăozi guăn chīfàn.</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Tài hăo le. Xīngqī liù nà tiān wŏ dài zhe xiàngjī, wŏmen dàjiā yìqĭ duō zhào jĭ zhāng xiàng.</para>
- <para>Xuéyŏu: Rénmĕi, nĭ búshì shuō yào hăohāo de fùxí gōngkè, zhŭnbèi xià xīngqī de kăoshì ma?</para>
- <para>Rénmĕi: Xīngqītiān hái kĕyĭ fùxí gōngkè ma. Guóhuá, Xiăofāng, nĭmen shuō duì ma?</para>
- <para>Guóhuá, Xiăofāng: Duì. Nĭmen píngshí xuéxi de hĕn nŭlì, zhōumò yīnggāi hăohāo xiūxi yí xiàr.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77827_1993127563"/>Text</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77829_1993127563"/>English</title>
- <para/>
- <para>Living in Beijing University</para>
- <para/>
- <para>In order to study Chinese and know more about the Chinese culture, Xueyou and Renmei came to the Chinese capital Beijing from the United States. By now, they have been studying and living in Beijing Unviersity for almost two months. Last Sunday, Xueyou and Renmei went to the post office. Renmei sent a letter and some pictures to her mom and dad. She has also received her Dad's letter encouraging her to make full use of this opportunity and study Chinese hard. The study life in Beijing University is busy and rich. Everyday, their class schedule is full. Usually, they have classes in the morning, studying Grammar 语法, speaking and composition. In the meantime, they also take some classes that introduce Chinese culture. Both Xueyou and Renmei are very interested in Chinese culture. In class, they listen carefully to the teachers and take notes. (As to) what the teachers teach in class, some they can fully understand, some they can't understand all that well. (For) things that they don't understand, they go and ask their teachers for help. In the afternoon, sometimes they go to the library to look for reference materials, sometimes they review lessons in their dorms. Besides this, there is a quiz every week to evaluate students' achievements. Xueyou and Renmei study very hard. Therefore, they have made rapid progress in their Chinese. They got good grades in every exam. Of course, they also take some spare time to exercise. When the weather is fine, they will go swimming in the swimming pool or work out at the fitness center in the gym. In Beijing, Xueyou and Renmei have also made many Chinese friends. Guohua and Xiaofang are students in the English Department at Beijing University. They are both good friends of Xueyou and Renmei. When the four of them are together, they often chat with each other, talking about their study, campus life, and the differences between Chinese and American college students. More often, they help each other in studying languages. This afternoon, they were chatting for a long time again. Guohua is preparing for the GRE, hoping to pursue a Ph.D.in American University. Xiaofang is making use of the break and working for a foreign-invested company. She is graduating soon, and she hopes to have some work experience, so that she can adjust to her future work smoothly. Guohua introduced to Xueyou and Renmei many interesting places in Beijing. Accoring Guohua and other friends' suggestions, Xueyou and Renmei have been to many places. The Great wall, Fragrance Hill and Beihai Park etc., they have already been to these places. This weekend, Guohua and Xiaofang will take Xueyou and Renmei to the Temple of Heaven for fun. They will also go to the famous Xi'an Dumpling restaurant.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77831_1993127563"/>Simplified</title>
- <para/>
- <para>在北大的生活</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>学友和人美为了学习中文和更多地了解中国文化, 从美国来到中国的首都北京。现在, 他们在北京大学学习﹑生活已经快两个月了。 </para>
- <para>上个星期天, 学友和人美去 了邮局。 人美给在美国的爸爸妈妈寄了信和一些照片。 人美也收到过爸爸写给她 的信, 鼓励她好好地利用这次机会, 努力地学习中文。 北京大学的学习生活紧张而且丰富。 每天他们的课程都排得满满的。 通常上午 上课, 学习语法, 口语, 写作, 同时还有一些介绍中国文化的课程。学友和人美都 对中国文化很感兴趣。 课堂上, 他们专心地听讲, 认真地作笔记。 老师讲的课, 他们有的听得懂, 有的不太懂。 不懂的东西, 他们就去请教老师。 下午, 有时他 们去图书馆查资料, 有时在宿舍复习功课。 此外, 每周有一次测验, 检验学生的 学习情况。 学友和人美学得很努力, 所以, 他们的中文水平提高得非常快, 每次 测验的成绩都不错。 当然, 他们也会抽出一些时间, 锻炼身体。 天气好的时候, 他们会在校园内跑步, 打羽毛球；天气太热了, 就到游泳馆去游泳或去健身房 锻炼。 </para>
- <para> 在北京, 人美和学友还交了很多中国朋友。 国华和晓芳是北京大学英语系的 学生, 他们都是人美和学友的朋友。 他们四个人在一起的时候, 经常聊天, 谈学习, 谈校园生活, 谈中国大学生和美国大学生之间的不同。 更多的时候, 他们在语言上互相帮助, 互相学习。 今天下午, 他们又在一起聊了很长时间。 国华正在准备GRE考试, 希望能到美国攻读博士学位。 晓芳正利用假期在一家外资企业 工作。 就要毕业了, 她希望能有些实践经验, 为了能顺利地适应以後的工作。 国华给学友他们介绍了很多北京好玩儿的地方。 按照国华和其他中国朋友的介绍, 学友和人美已经去了很多地方。 长城﹑香山﹑北海等地方, 他们都去过了。 这个周末, 国华和晓芳要带学友他们去天坛玩儿, 还要一起去有名的西安饺子馆。 </para>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77833_1993127563"/>Traditional</title>
- <para>在北大的生活</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para>學友和人美為了學習中文和更多地了解中國文化﹐從美國來到中國的首都北京。現在, 他們在北京大學學習﹑生活已經快兩個月了。 </para>
- <para>上個星期天﹐學友和人美去 了郵局。 人美給在美國的爸爸媽媽寄了信和一些照片。 人美也收到過爸爸寫給她 的信﹐鼓勵她好好地利用這次機會﹐努力地學習中文。 北京大學的學習生活緊張而且豐富。 每天他們的課程都排得滿滿的。 通常上午 上課﹐學習語法﹐口語﹐寫作﹐同時還有一些介紹中國文化的課程。學友和人美都 對中國文化很感興趣。 課堂上﹐他們專心地聽講﹐認真地作筆記。 老師講的課, 他們有的聽得懂﹐ 有的不太懂。 不懂的東西﹐他</para>
- <para>們就去請教老師。 下午﹐有時他 們去圖書館查資料﹐有時在宿舍復習功課。 此外﹐每週有一次測驗﹐檢驗學生的 學習情況。 學友和人美學得很努力﹐所以﹐他們的中文水平提高得非常快﹐ 每次 測驗的成績都不錯。 當然﹐他們也會抽出一些時間﹐鍛煉身體。 天氣好的時候﹐ 他們會在校園內跑步﹐打羽毛球﹔天氣太熱了﹐就到游泳館去游泳或去健身房 鍛煉。 </para>
- <para>在北京﹐人美和學友還交了很多中國朋友。 國華和曉芳是北京大學英語系的 學生﹐ 他們都是人美和學友的朋友。 他們四個人在一起的時候﹐經常聊天﹐ 談學習﹐談校園生活﹐談中國大學生和美國大學生之間的不同。 更多的時候﹐ 他們在語言上互相幫助﹐互相學習。 今天下午﹐他們又在一起聊了很長時間。 國華正在準備GRE考試﹐希望能到美國攻讀博士學位。 曉芳正利用假期在一家外資企業 工作。 就要畢業了﹐她希望能有些實踐經驗﹐為了能順利地適應以後的工作。 國華給學友他們介紹了很多北京好玩兒的地方。 按照國華和其他中國朋友的介紹﹐ 學友和人美已經去了很多地方。 長城﹑香山﹑北海等地方﹐他們都去過了。 這個週末﹐國華和曉芳要帶學友他們去天壇玩兒﹐ 還要一起去有名的西安餃子館。 </para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77835_1993127563"/>Pinyin</title>
- <para>Zài Běi Dà De Shēnghuo</para>
- <para/>
- <para>Xuéyǒu hé Rénměi wèile xuéxí Zhōngwén hé gèng duō de liǎojiě Zhōngguo wénhuà, cóng Měiguo lái dào Zhōngguo de shǒudū Běijīng. Xiànzài, tāmen zài Běijīng dàxué xuéxí, shēnghuo yǐjīng kuài liǎng ge yuè le.</para>
- <para>Shàng ge xīngqītiān, Xuéyǒu hé Réenměi qù le yóujú. Rénměi gěi zài Měiguo de bàba māma jì le xìn hé yì xiē zhàopiàn. Rénměi yě shōu dào guò bàba xiě gěi tā de xìn, gǔlì tā hǎohāo de lìyòng zhè cìi jīhuì, nǔlì de xuéxí Zhōngwén. Běijīng dàxué de xuéxí shēnghuo jǐnzhāng érqiě fēngfù. Měitiān tāmen de kèchéng dōu pái de mǎnmǎn de. Tōngcháng shàngwǔ shàng kè, xuéxí yǔfǎ, kǒuyǔ, xiězuò, tóngshí hái yǒu yì xiē jièshào Zhōngguo wénhuà de kèchéng. Xuéyǒu hé Rénměi dōu duì Zhōngguo wénhuà hěn gǎn xìngqu. Kètáng shang, tāmen zhuānxīn de tīngjiǎng, rènzhēn de zuò bǐjì. Lǎoshī jiǎng de kè, tāmen yǒu de tīng de dǒng, yǒu de bú tài dǒng. Bù dǒng de dōngxi, tāmen jiù qù qǐngjiao lǎoshī. Xiàwǔ, yǒushí tāmen qù túshūguǎn chá zīliào, yǒushí zài sùshè fùxí gōngkè. Cǐwài, měi zhōu yǒu yí cì cèyàn, jiǎnyàn xuésheng de xuéxí qíngkuàng. Xuéyǒu hé Rénměi xué de hěn nǔlì, suǒyǐ, tāmen de Zhōngwén shuǐpíng tígāo de fēicháng kuài, měi cì cèyàn de chéngji dōu búcuò. Dāngrán, tāmen yě huì chōu chū yì xiē shíjiān, duànliàn shēntí. Tiānqì hǎo deshíhou, tāmen huì zài xiàoyuán nèi pǎobù, dǎ yǔmáoqiú ; tiānqì tài rè le, jiù dào yóuyǒngguǎn qù yóuyǒng huò qù jiànshēnfáng duànliàn.</para>
- <para>Zài Běijīng, Rénměi hé Xuéyǒu hái jiāo le hěn duō Zhōngguo péngyou. Guóhuá hé Xiǎofāng shì Běijīng dàxué Yīngyǔ xì de xuésheng, tāmen dōu shì Rénměi hé Xuéyǒu de péngyou. Tāmen sì ge rén zài yìqǐ deshíhou, jīngcháng liáotiān, tán xuéxí, tán xiàoyuán shēnghuo, tán Zhōngguo dàxuésheng hé Měiguo dàxuésheng zhījiān de bùtóng. Gèng duō deshíhou, tāmen zài yǔyán shang hùxiāng bāngzhù, hùxiāng xuéxí. Jīntiān xiàwǔ, tāmen yòu zài yìqǐ liáo le hěn cháng shíjiān. Guóhuá zhèngzài zhǔnbèi GRE kǎoshī, xīwang néng dào Měiguo gōngdú bóshì xuéwèi. Xiǎofāng zhèng lìyòng jiàqī zài yì jiā wàizī qǐyè gōngzuò. Jiù yào bìyè le, tā xīwang néng yǒu xiē shíjiàn jīngyàn, wèile néng shùnlì de shìyìng yǐhòu de gōngzuò. Guóhuá gěi Xuéyǒu tāmen jièshào le hěn duō Běijīng hǎo wánr de dìfāng. Ànzhào Guóhuá hé qíitā Zhōngguo péngyou de jièshào, Xuéyǒu hé Rénměi yǐjīng qù le hěn duō dìfāng. Chángchéng, Xiāngshān, Běihǎi děng dìfāng, tāmen dōu qù guò le. Zhè ge zhōumò, Guóhuá hé Xiǎofāng yào dài Xuéyǒu tāmen qù Tiāntán wánr, hái yào yìqǐ qù yǒumíng de Xī’ān jiǎoziguǎn.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77837_1993127563"/>Vocabulary 词汇</title>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <informaltable frame="all">
- <tgroup cols="4"><colspec colnum="1" colname="c1"/><colspec colnum="2" colname="c2"/><colspec colnum="3" colname="c3"/><colspec colnum="4" colname="c4"/><tbody><row><entry><para>Chinese Words </para></entry><entry><para>Pinyin</para></entry><entry><para> Part of Speech</para></entry><entry><para>Engl. Trans.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>对</para></entry><entry><para>dui4 </para></entry><entry><para>measure word</para></entry><entry><para>a pair of, couple</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>恋人</para></entry><entry><para> lia4nre2n</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>lover</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>聊天</para></entry><entry><para> lia2otia1n </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to chat</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>辅导</para></entry><entry><para> fu3da3o</para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para> to tutor</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>利用</para></entry><entry><para> li4yo4ng</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to make use of</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>假期</para></entry><entry><para> jia4qi1 </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>vacation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>外资企业</para></entry><entry><para>wa4izi1qi3ye4 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>foreign invested business</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>申请</para></entry><entry><para> she1nqi3ng </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to apply</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>奖学金</para></entry><entry><para> jia3ngxue2ji1n </para></entry><entry><para>n.</para></entry><entry><para> scholarship</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>专业</para></entry><entry><para> zhua1nye4</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>major (field of study)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>研究所</para></entry><entry><para> ya2njiu1suo3</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>research institute; graduate school</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>攻读 </para></entry><entry><para>go1ngdu2 </para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para> to pursue study</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>英美文学</para></entry><entry><para>yi1ngme3i we2nxue2</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>British and American literature</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>博士</para></entry><entry><para> bo2shi4 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>Ph.D.</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>学位</para></entry><entry><para> xue2we4i</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>degree</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>真正 </para></entry><entry><para>zhe1nzhe4ng </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para> truely</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>原因</para></entry><entry><para> yua2nyi1n</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>reason</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>修</para></entry><entry><para>xiu1 </para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para> to take (a course)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>门</para></entry><entry><para>me2n</para></entry><entry><para> measure word</para></entry><entry><para>used for subjects of study</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>毕竟</para></entry><entry><para> bi4ji4ng</para></entry><entry><para> adv. </para></entry><entry><para> after all</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>有限 </para></entry><entry><para>yo3uxia4n</para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para> to be limited</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>机会</para></entry><entry><para> ji1hui4 </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>opportunity</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>交谈 </para></entry><entry><para>jia1ota2n</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to converse</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>课程</para></entry><entry><para> ke4che2ng</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>course schedule</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>安排 </para></entry><entry><para>a1npa2i </para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to arrange</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>紧张 </para></entry><entry><para>ji3nzha1ng </para></entry><entry><para> adj. </para></entry><entry><para>busy</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>测验 </para></entry><entry><para>ce4ya4n </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>quiz</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>壮观 </para></entry><entry><para>zhua4nggua1ng </para></entry><entry><para>adj.</para></entry><entry><para>magnificent</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>不到长城非好汉</para></entry><entry><para> bu2da4ocha2ngche2ng fe1i ha3oha4n </para></entry><entry><para>idiom exp. </para></entry><entry><para>"If you fail to reach the Great Wall, you are not a man."</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>俗话 </para></entry><entry><para>su2hua4 </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>old saying</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>理解 </para></entry><entry><para>li3jie3 </para></entry><entry><para> v.</para></entry><entry><para> to understand</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>相机 </para></entry><entry><para>xia4ngji1</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>camera</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>照相</para></entry><entry><para> zha4oxia4ng </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to take pictures</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>天坛</para></entry><entry><para> tia1nta2n</para></entry><entry><para>place name </para></entry><entry><para> the Temple of Heaven</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>西安 </para></entry><entry><para>Xi1'a1</para></entry><entry><para>n </para></entry><entry><para>place name</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>饺子 </para></entry><entry><para>jia3ozi </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>Chinese dumpling</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>平时 </para></entry><entry><para>pi2ngshi2</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>ordinarily, usually, normally</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>周末 </para></entry><entry><para>zho1umo4 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>weekend</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>遥远 </para></entry><entry><para>ya2oyua3n</para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para> far</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>鼓励 </para></entry><entry><para>gu3li4</para></entry><entry><para>v. to</para></entry><entry><para> encourage</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>丰富</para></entry><entry><para> fe1ngfu4 </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>plentiful</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>满</para></entry><entry><para>ma3n </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para>full</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>写作 </para></entry><entry><para>xie3zuo4 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>composition, writing</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>感兴趣 </para></entry><entry><para> ga3nxi4ngqu4</para></entry><entry><para>v.</para></entry><entry><para> to be interested (in)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>专心</para></entry><entry><para> zhua1nxi1n </para></entry><entry><para> adj. </para></entry><entry><para> to be concentrated (on); to be attentive (to)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>听讲 </para></entry><entry><para>ti1ngjia3ng </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to listen (to lectures)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>笔记 </para></entry><entry><para>bi3ji4</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>notes</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>请教 </para></entry><entry><para>qi3ngjia4o </para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to consult; to ask for advise</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>查资料 </para></entry><entry><para>cha2zi1lia4o</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to consult/look up information (books, papers periodicals etc.)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>检验 </para></entry><entry><para>jia3nya4n</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to check, to evaluate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>情况 </para></entry><entry><para>qi2ngkua4ng </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>situation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>提高 </para></entry><entry><para>ti2ga1o</para></entry><entry><para> v. </para></entry><entry><para>to improve</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>当然 </para></entry><entry><para>da1ngra2nad</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para> certainly</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>抽(时间)</para></entry><entry><para>cho1u (shi2jia1n) </para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to find (time), to save (time)</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>羽毛球 </para></entry><entry><para> yu3ma2oqiu2 </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>badminton</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>游泳馆 </para></entry><entry><para> yo2uyo3nggua3n </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>natatorium, swimming hall</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>健身房 </para></entry><entry><para> jia4nshe1nfa2ng</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>gym</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>校园 </para></entry><entry><para>xia4oyua2n </para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>campus</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>实践 </para></entry><entry><para>shi2jia4n</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to put into practice practical</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>经验 </para></entry><entry><para>ji1ngya4n</para></entry><entry><para>n. </para></entry><entry><para>experience</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>顺利 </para></entry><entry><para>shu4nli4 </para></entry><entry><para>adj. </para></entry><entry><para> smooth</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>适应 </para></entry><entry><para>shi4yi4ng</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to adjust. to adapt</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>调查</para></entry><entry><para> dia4ocha2</para></entry><entry><para>v. </para></entry><entry><para>to investigate</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>论文</para></entry><entry><para> lu4nwe2n</para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>dissertation</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>期刊 </para></entry><entry><para>qi1ka1n </para></entry><entry><para> n. </para></entry><entry><para>journal</para></entry></row><row><entry><para>期</para></entry><entry><para>qi1 </para></entry><entry><para>measure word </para></entry><entry><para> for things scheduled by periods</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
- </informaltable>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77839_1993127563"/>Grammar 语法</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77841_1993127563"/>1. A Summary of the Aspect Particles 正(在), 着, (就/快)要...了, 了, 过.</title>
- <para/>
- <para>(1.) The progressive aspect of an action using 正(在).</para>
- <para>The progressive aspect is used to indicate an action that is in progress. When used with appropriate time words, the aspect particle 正(在) can indicate the past, the present or the future progressive aspect of an action.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)今天上午国华给学友打电话的时候, 学友正在复习中文呢。</para>
- <para>This morning when Guohua called Xueyou, Xueyou was reviewing Chinese.</para>
- <para>2.)王老师正在给小丁辅导语法呢。 我等一下儿再问他问题。</para>
- <para>Teacher Wang is tutoring Xiaoding on her Grammar 语法. I will wait for a while to ask him questions.</para>
- <para>3.)如果你明天九点去林老师那儿, 他一定正在改作业呢。</para>
- <para>If you go to Teacher Lin's place at 9:00 tomorrow, he will certainly be correcting homework.</para>
- <para>4.)现在美国的大学生们正在放暑假。 他们劳工节(la2ogo1ngjie2, Labor Day) 以後开学。</para>
- <para>Now American college students are having summer break. They will start school after Labor Day.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) The continuous aspect of action using 着.</para>
- <para>The continuous aspect is used to indicate the continuation of an action or the result of an action. When used with approriate time words, the aspect particle 着 can indicate the past, the present or the future continuous aspect of an action.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)昨天我去小丁那儿的时候, 她正听着中国民歌呢。</para>
- <para>Yesterday when I went to Xiaoding's place, she was listening to Chinese folk songs.</para>
- <para>2.)小丁的宿舍很干净。 墙上挂着她的爸爸、妈妈的照片。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding's dorm is very clean. On the wall there hangs her mom and dad's picture.</para>
- <para>3.)圣诞节的早上, 孩子们的床边会放着圣诞老人(she4ngda4nla3ore2n, Santa Claus)送给他们的礼物。</para>
- <para>In the morning on Christmas Day, children's bedside will be placed with gifts that Santa Claus gives them.</para>
- <para>4.)小丁的妈妈看着小丁从北京寄来的照片, 高兴地笑了。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding's mom, looking at the pictures Xiaoding sent from Beijing, smiled happily.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(3.) The impending aspect of action using (就/快)要...了...</para>
- <para>The impending aspect is used to indicate that an action is going to take place soon. The structure (就/快)要...了... is used to express the impending aspect of action.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁的爸爸、妈妈就要来北京看她了。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding's mom and dad are coming to Beijing to see her (soon).</para>
- <para>2.)快要期末考试了。 世海复习中文复习得很认真。</para>
- <para>The final is coming up. Shihai is reviewing Chinese very carefully.</para>
- <para>3.)就要下雨了。 我们明天再去颐和园玩儿吧。</para>
- <para>It is going to rain. Let's go to the Summer Palace tomorrow.</para>
- <para>4.)飞机就要到北京了。 小丁和学友都很兴奋。</para>
- <para>The plane is about to arrive in Beijing. Xiaoding and Xueyou are both very excited.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(4.) The perfect aspect of action using 了.</para>
- <para>The perfect aspect is used to indicate the realization or completion of an action. When used with approriate time words, the aspect particle了 can indicate the past, the present or the future perfect aspect of an action.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁和学友上个星期天跟林老师一起去长城玩儿了。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou went to the Great Wall with Teacher Lin last Sunday.</para>
- <para>2.)明天这个时候, 我妈妈的飞机已经到肯尼迪(ke3nni2di2, Kennedy)机场了。</para>
- <para>Tomorrow at this time, my mom's plane will have arrived at JFK Airport.</para>
- <para>3.)来中国以前, 人美修了好几门中文课。</para>
- <para>Before coming to China, Renmei had taken many Chinese courses.</para>
- <para>4.)昨天我们给爸爸、妈妈寄了信和照片。</para>
- <para>Yesterday we sent a letter and pictures to mom and dad.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(5.) The past experience using 过.</para>
- <para>The aspect particle 过 is used to indicate the past experience of an action. For sentences using the aspect particle 过, if the speaker would like to indicate that the event referred to has already taken place and is relevant to the present situation, the modal particle 了 (not the aspect particle 了)can be added at the end of the sentences.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)昨天小丁和学友已经考过试了。</para>
- <para>Yesterday Xiaoding and Xueyou had taken the exam.</para>
- <para>2.)学友上星期去过医院体检了。</para>
- <para>Xueyou went to the hospital and had a physical exam last week.</para>
- <para>3.)小丁的爸爸、妈妈都来过中国。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding's dad and mom both have been to China.</para>
- <para>4.)晓芳在外资企业工作过。</para>
- <para>Xiaofang has had the experience of working in a foreign invested company.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77843_1993127563"/>2. A Summary of the Structural Particles 的, 地, 得.</title>
- <para/>
- <para>(1.) 的 is usually used together with adjectives/pronouns/nouns as an attributive modifier.</para>
- <para>The pattern is:</para>
- <para> ADJ/PRON/N + 的 + N</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)张国华和王晓芳都是北京大学的学生。</para>
- <para>Zhang Guohua and Wang Xiaofang are both students of Beijing University.</para>
- <para>2.)上海是一个非常现代化的城市。</para>
- <para>Shanghai is a very modernized city.</para>
- <para>3.)学友和小丁很喜欢他们的口语老师。</para>
- <para>Xueyou and Xiaoding like their speaking class' teacher very much.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) 地 is usually used together with adjective as an aderbial modifier.</para>
- <para>The pattern is:</para>
- <para> ADJ + 地 + V</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁高兴地告诉林老师, 这个周末她和学友跟他们的中国朋友一起去天坛。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding told Teacher Lin happily, this weekend, she and Xueyou would</para>
- <para>go to the Temple of Heaven with their Chinese friends.</para>
- <para>2.)为了更好地了解美国的文化, 国华想去美国留学。</para>
- <para>In order to understand the American culture better, Guohua would like to</para>
- <para>go to the U.S. to study.</para>
- <para>3.)课堂上, 同学们都专心地听讲, 认真地作笔记。</para>
- <para>In class, all students listen to the teacher attentively and take</para>
- <para>notes carefully.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(3.) 得 is used together with adjective as complements of degree.</para>
- <para>The pattern is:</para>
- <para> V + 得 + ADJ</para>
- <para>For examples:</para>
- <para>1.)小丁说中文说得很标准。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding speaks Chinese in a standard accent.</para>
- <para>2.)学友开车开得很快。</para>
- <para>Xueyou drives very fast.</para>
- <para>3.)李大夫看病看得很认真。</para>
- <para>Dr. Li sees patients very conscientiously.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77845_1993127563"/>3. A Summary of the Adverbials 又, 再, 还.</title>
- <para>The meaning for 又, 再, 还 is "again". However, the usage of the three adverbials are different.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(1.) 又 is used to indicate the repetition of an action that has already taken place. When used in a negative sentence, 又 is used to indicate the repetition of the non-occurence of an action.</para>
- <para>Sometimes, 又 can also be used to indicate the repetition of an action that has not yet taken place. In this kind of situation, however, the action involved is expected to take place according to people's past experience or natural law.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)今天上午我给我的女朋友打了一个电话。 下午, 我又给她打了一个电话。</para>
- <para>I called my girlfriend this morning. In the afternoon, I called her again.</para>
- <para>2.)他得了流行性感冒。 昨天他没来上课。 今天, 他又没来。</para>
- <para>He got the flu. Yesterday, he didn't come to class. Today, he didn't come again.</para>
- <para>3.)明天又是晴天。 我们一起去郊游(jia1oyo2u, go on an excursion/outing)吧。</para>
- <para>Tomorrow will be a fine day again. Let's go on an excursion or an outing together.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(2.) 再 is used to indicate the repetition of an action that will take place in the future. When used in a negative sentence, 再 is used to indicate the repetition of the non-occurence of an action that will not take place in the future.</para>
- <para>再 is also used to indicate an action that will take place after a certain point or period of time.</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)长城真是很壮观。 我们还想再去一次。</para>
- <para>The Great Wall is really magnificent. We would like to go there again.</para>
- <para>2.)昨天我已经给爸爸、妈妈打过电话了。 今天我不再打了。</para>
- <para>Yesterday I already called my mom and dad. I am not calling them today.</para>
- <para>3.)这个美国留学生先在北京语言文化大学学习中文, 然後再去北京大学学习中国历史。</para>
- <para>This American student studied Chinese in Beijing Language and Culture University first, then he went to Beijing University to study Chinese history.</para>
- <para/>
- <para>(3.) 还 is used to emphasize the repetition of an action that will take place in the future. 还 is often used together with optative words such as 想, 要, 应该 etc. in this case.</para>
- <para>还 also means "besides, in addition to" or "still, (is) yet to".</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)这个饭馆真不错。 我明天还想来。</para>
- <para>This restaurant is great. I want to come again tomorrow.</para>
- <para>2.)雨还没有停呢。 你们再坐一会儿吧。</para>
- <para>The rain has not yet stopped. Please stay/sit for a while.</para>
- <para>3.)国华认识很多外国留学生, 有日本人, 韩国人, 法国人, 还有美国人。</para>
- <para>Guohua knows many foreign students, there are Japanese, Koreans, French, as well as Americans.</para>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77847_1993127563"/>4. The Structure 要(想)...就应该...</title>
- <para>The structure 要(想)...就应该... means "if (somebody would like to do sth.), he/she should (do sth. first). It is a conditional structure in which the speaker states the goal after 要(想), and indicates the condition(s) for realizing the goal after 就应该. The basic pattern is:</para>
- <para> Subject + 要(想)+ Goal, 就应该 + Condition(s)</para>
- <para>For example:</para>
- <para>1.)要真正了解一个国家的语言和文化, 就应该去那个国家学习和生活一段时间。</para>
- <para>If you want to truely understand the language and culture of a country, you should go to study and live in that country for a period of time.</para>
- <para>2.)要想学好中文, 就应该多跟中国人交流(jia1oliu2, to communicate with)。</para>
- <para>If you want to study Chinese well, you should communicate with Chinese people more often.</para>
- <para>3.)要想身体健康, 就应该多锻练身体。</para>
- <para>If you want to keep healthy, you should do more exercises.</para>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title/>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77849_1993127563"/>Speech patterns</title>
- <para/>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77851_1993127563"/>1. The Aspect Particles 正(在), 着, (就/快)要...了, 了, 过.</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>今天我在图书馆看到国华的时候, 他正在复习英文呢。</para>
- <para>When I saw Guohua in the library today, he was reviewing English.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天下午两点的时候, 我一定正在开车去机场接人呢。</para>
- <para>Tomorrow afternoon at two, I will certainly be driving to the airport to pick up someone.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这是我爸爸的书房。 墙上挂着一张中国地图。</para>
- <para>This is my dad's study. On the wall there hangs a map of China.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>明天我会带着眼镜(ya3nji4ng, lenses)去看画展(hua4zha3n, art exhibition)。</para>
- <para>Tomorrow I will go to see the art exhibition wearing my glasses.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>就要春天了。 校园里的花就要开了。</para>
- <para>Spring is coming soon. The flowers on campus are going to blossom.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>这个星期小丁考过试了。 她考得还不错。</para>
- <para>This week Xiaoding has had her exam. She did quite well.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77853_1993127563"/>2. The Structural Particles 的, 地, 得.</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁要给王老师的太太打电话。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding is going to call Teacher Wang's wife.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>北京国际机场是一座现代化的机场。</para>
- <para>Beijing International Airport is a modernized airport.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁和学友很想念他们的爸爸、妈妈和在美国的朋友们。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding and Xueyou miss their mom and dad and their friends in the U.S. a lot.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>看了小丁和学友寄来的照片和信, 小丁的妈妈高兴地说：“北京真漂亮。”</para>
- <para>After looking at the pictures and the letter sent by Xiaoding and Xueyou, Xiaoding's mom said gladly: "Beijing is very beautiful."</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>小丁的妈妈在信中要小丁努力地学习中文, 不要想家。</para>
- <para>Xiaoding's mom in her letter asked Xiaoding study Chinese hard and not miss home.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>现在, 小丁和学友写汉字写得很漂亮。</para>
- <para>Now, Xiaoding and Xueyou write Chinese characters beautifully.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77855_1993127563"/>3. The Adverbials 又, 再, 还.</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>我昨天买了一本英文小说(xia3oshuo1, novel)。 今天我又买了一本。</para>
- <para>I bought an English novel yesterday. I bought another one today.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>去年夏天我去了一次中国。 今年夏天我又要去中国了。</para>
- <para>I went to China last summer. I intend again to go to China this summer.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>今年春假我去了佛罗里达(fo2luo2li3da2, Florida)的迪斯尼(di2si1ni2) 乐园(le4yua2n, entertainment park)。 明年我还想再去一次。</para>
- <para>I went to the Disney land in Florida in spring. I want to go again next year.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>饭还没有做好呢。 你们先喝点儿茶吧。</para>
- <para>The meal is not ready yet. Please have some tea first.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>我的家有四个孩子。 我有一个哥哥, 一个弟弟, 还有一个妹妹。</para>
- <para>There are four children in my family. I have an older brother, a younger brother, as well as a younger sister.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- </sect3>
- <sect3>
- <title><anchor id="__RefHeading___Toc77857_1993127563"/>4. The Structure 要(想)...就应该...</title>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>要想看星期六晚上的电影, 就应该早点儿买票。</para>
- <para>If you want to see the movie on Saturday night, you should buy the tickets earlier.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>要想学作中国菜, 就应该买一本中国菜谱(ca4ipu3, recipe)。</para>
- <para>If you want to learn to make Chinese food, you should buy a Chinese cookbook.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>要想修这门书法课, 就应该早点儿注册。</para>
- <para>If you want to take this calligraphy class, you should register earlier.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>在美国, 要想看医生, 就应该打电话预约。</para>
- <para>In the U.S., if you want to see a doctor, you should call to make an appointment.</para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para/>
- <para> </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title/>
- </sect1>
- </article>
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