Chinese-Rudgers/Cours/rudgers-1.txt

Rudgers 1

A:  Hello!
B:  Hi!
A:  Are you busy?
B:  I'm not busy, and you?
A:  I'm not busy, either. Is your older brother busy?
B:  He is very busy. My younger brother is also very busy.  My older brother and my younger brother are both very busy.
A:  They are very busy. Are they OK?
B:  They are both fine. Is your older brother also fine?
A:  He is very well, thank you.


甲 ：你好！ 
乙 ：你好！ 
甲 ：你忙吗？ 
乙 ：我不忙，你呢？
甲 ：我也不忙。你哥哥忙吗？
乙 ：他很忙。我弟弟也很忙。我哥哥，我弟弟都很忙。
甲 ：他们都忙。他们好吗？ 
乙 ：他们都好。你哥哥也好吗？ 
甲 ：他很好，谢谢。


甲 ﹕你好！ 
乙 ﹕你好！ 
甲 ﹕你忙嗎？ 
乙 ﹕我不忙，你呢？
甲 ﹕我也不忙。你哥哥忙嗎？
乙 ﹕他很忙。我弟弟也很忙。我哥哥，我弟弟都很忙。
甲 ﹕他們都忙。他們好嗎？ 
乙 ﹕他們都好。你哥哥也好嗎？ 
甲 ﹕他很好，謝謝。


Jiă:  Nĭ hăo!
Yĭ :  Nĭ hăo!
Jiă:  Nĭ máng ma?
Yĭ :  Wŏ bù máng, nĭ ne?
Jiă:  Wŏ yĕ bù máng. Nĭ gēge máng ma?
Yĭ :  Tā hĕn máng. Wŏ dì di yĕ hĕn máng. Wŏ gēge, wŏ dì di dōu hĕn máng.
Jiă:  Tā men dōu máng. Tā men hăo ma?
Yĭ :  Tā men dōu hăo. Nĭ gēge yĕ hăo ma?
Jiă:  Tā hĕn hăo. Xiè xie.





1.  I'm fine. My older brother is also fine. We are both fine.
2.  Are you busy? I'm not busy. How about you?
3.  I'm not busy, either. My older brother, my younger brother are very busy. How about your older brother? Is your older brother OK?
4.  My older brother is OK. He is not busy. Are your older brother, and younger brother busy?
5.  Not all of them are very busy. My older brothers are very busy. My younger brother is not busy.
6.  My older brother, my younger brother, and I, none of us are busy.
7.  Very good. Not busy is very good. Busy is not good.
8.  Good older brothers are not busy. Busy older brothers are not good.




  1.  我好。我哥哥也好。我们都很好。 
  2.  你忙吗？我不忙，你呢？ 
  3.  我也不忙。我哥哥，我弟弟很忙。你哥哥呢？你哥哥好吗？ 
  4.  我哥哥好。他不忙。你哥哥，你弟弟忙吗？
  5.  他们不都很忙。我哥哥很忙。我弟弟不忙。 
  6.  我哥哥，我弟弟，我，我们都不忙。
  7.  很好。不忙很好。 忙不好。 
  8.  好哥哥不忙。忙哥哥不好。


  1.  我好。我哥哥也好。我們都很好。 
  2.  你忙嗎？我不忙，你呢？ 
  3.  我也不忙。我哥哥，我弟弟很忙。你哥哥呢？你哥哥好嗎？ 
  4.  我哥哥好。他不忙。你哥哥，你弟弟忙嗎？
  5.  他們不都很忙。我哥哥很忙。我弟弟不忙。 
  6.  我哥哥，我弟弟，我，我們都不忙。
  7.  很好。不忙很好。 忙不好。 
  8.  好哥哥不忙。忙哥哥不好。



   
1. Wŏ hăo. Wŏ gēge yĕ hăo. Wŏmen dōu hĕn hăo.
2. Nĭ máng ma? Wŏ bù máng, nĭ ne?
3. Wŏ yĕ bù máng. Wŏ gēge, wŏ dìdi hĕn máng. Nĭ gēge ne? Nĭ gēge hăo ma?
4. Wŏ gēge hăo. Tā bù máng. Nĭ gēge, nĭ dìdi máng ma?
5. Tāmen bù dōu hĕn máng. Wŏ gēge hĕn máng. Wŏ dìdi bù máng.
6. Wŏ gēge, wŏ dìdi, wŏ, wŏmen dōu bù máng.
7. Hĕn hăo. Bù máng hĕn hăo. Máng bù hăo.
8. Hăo gēge bù máng. Máng gēge bù hăo.
 
Chinese Words	Pinyin	Part of Speech	Engl. Trans.

哥哥	gēge	n.	older brother
弟弟	dìdi	n.	younger brother
我	wǒ	pron.	I, me
你	nǐ	pron.	you
他	tā	pron.	he, him
我们(我們)	wǒmen	pron.	we, us
你们(你們)	nǐmen	pron.	you
他们(他們)	tāmen	pron.	they, them
吗	ma	interrogative particle	
呢	ne	modal particle	
不	bù	adv.	not,
很	hěn	adv.	very
也	yě	adv.	also
都	dōu	adv.	both, all
好	hǎo	adj.	good
忙	máng	adj.	Busy
谢谢(謝謝)	xièxie	set phrase	thanks, thank you


1. Greetings:

你好! (Nĭ hăo!) is a popular greeting. In English, it means “Hello”, “Hi”,“How are you?” and “good day!” etc. It may be used in the morning, in the afternoon or in the evening. The answer to it is also 你好! (Nĭ hăo!)


2. Adjectives  as verbs:

When adjectives form the predicate, that is, when they say what the subject  is or is not, they function as verbs. That’s why an adjective is also known as a STATIVE VERB in Chinese. There is no additional word for ‘to be’. For instance:

	他忙。	Tā máng.	He is busy.
	Subject	predicate

	我们好。	Wŏmen hăo.	We are fine.

Note that the Chinese verb, be it a stative or an action verb, has no morphological  changes whatsoever resulting from person, gender, number, time, etc.. Thus:

	我好。	Wŏ hăo.	I am fine. 
	你好。	Nĭ hăo.	You are fine.
	他好。	Tā hăo.	He is good.
	我们忙。	Wŏmen máng.	We are busy.




3. Negation:

When you negate a Chinese sentence, you simply place the adverb before the predicative verb. For example:

	他不忙。	Tā bù máng.	He is not busy.
	Subject	adv.  predicative verb
	我们不好。	Wŏmen bù hăo.	We are not OK.

Note that the tone of 不(bu), ‘not’ is fourth, except when the following word is in  the fourth tone, when it change to the second tone.


4. Stative verbs and the adverbs: 很，也，都，不:

Adverbs such as 很，也，都，不 come immediately before the verb and can only be separated  from it by another adverb.

	他很好。我们也都很好。
	Tā hĕn hăo. Wŏmen yĕ dōu hĕn hăo.
	He is good. We are all very good, too.

When there is an adjectival predicate in a simple affirmative sentence, the adverb 很is  usually put before it. 很 in this case does not carry the meaning of degree “very”. 

For example:

	他们很忙。	Tāmen hĕn máng.	They are busy.

	If 很 is absent, the sentence then implies an contrast:

	他们很忙，我哥哥不忙。
	Tāmen hĕn máng, wŏ gēge bù máng.
	They are busy, but my older brother is not.

Also, adverbs cannot be used as a modifier of a noun, thus an English sentence such as: “All of us are busy.” is expressed in Chinese as :

	他们都忙。	Tāmen dōu máng.	They are ALL busy.

	Some more examples:

	哥哥，弟弟都好。	Gēge, dìdi dōu hăo.	Both older and younger brothers are fine.

	我们都不忙。		Wŏmen dōu bù máng.	None of us are busy.

   When two or more adverbs occur together, their order is governed by the rule that the modifier is applied directly before the expression to be modified. Thus a distinction should be noted about the position of the adverb 不 between BEFORE and AFTER other adverbs such as 都，很. Before the adverbs 都 and 很, it is a partial negation; and after those adverbs, it is a total negation. Compare the following examples:

	他们不都忙。	Tāmen bù dōu máng.	Not all of them are busy.
	他们都不忙。	Tāmen dōu bù máng.	None of them are busy.

	哥哥不很好。	Gēge bù hĕn hăo.	The older brother is not very good.
	哥哥很不好。	Gēge hĕn bù hăo.	The older brother is bad(very not good).



5. Simple questions and answers: 

A simple question is formed by adding the interrogative particle 吗 to the end of a declarative sentence:

	你忙吗？	 Nĭ máng ma?		Are you busy?
	他不好吗？	Tá bù hăo ma?	Isn’t he nice?

	The answer to a simple question can be full or short.

	你忙吗？
	我忙。(full)	Wŏ máng.	I’m busy.
	忙 (short)	Máng.	Busy.
	我不忙。	Wŏ bù mang. 	I’m not busy.
	不忙 (short)	Bù máng. 	Not busy.

		

6. Particle 呢 and Follow-up questions

Particle 呢 supplies the means of cutting a question down to a topic. It shows that the same question as that asked previously is to be raised about a new topic.  
It somewhat resembles English “And--?”, “ What about--?”. Following are some examples:

	你好吗？好，你呢？我也很好。
	Nĭ hăo ma? Hăo, nĭ ne? Wŏ yĕ hĕn hăo.
	Are you OK? Yes. And you?  I’m OK, too.

	你哥哥不忙。 你弟弟呢？
	Nĭ gēge bù máng. Nĭ dìdi ne?
	Your older brother is not busy. What about your younger brother?


Pronunciation notes:

1. Tone sandhi:

When two third tones are spoken in succession,  like  Nĭ hăo, the first third tone becomes second tone. This tone change is known as sandhi in linguistics. 
Sandhi is practiced  only when you try to pronounce it. If you want to write it down in Pinyin, the tone mark is not changed.


Speech Patterns:

1. Contrastive sentences with stative verbs:

1. 哥哥好，弟弟不好。
2. 你忙，他不忙。 
3. 哥哥忙，弟弟忙，我不忙。 
4. 你好，他们不好  。
5. 我们忙，你们不忙。 

1. Gēge hăo, dìdi bù hăo.
2. Nĭ máng, tā bù máng. 
3. Gēge máng, dìdi máng, wŏ bù máng.  
4. Nĭ hăo, tāmen bù hăo. 
5. Wŏmen máng, nĭmen bù máng.	

1. The older brother is good, but the younger brother is not. 
2. You are busy, but he is not.  
3. The older brother is busy, the younger brother is busy, but I am not.
4. You are nice, but they are not. 
5. We are busy, but you are not.
 

2. Stative verbs with adverbial modifier:

1. 他哥哥很好。他也很好。 
2. 他不忙，我们也都不忙。 
3. 我们不都很忙，我忙，他不忙 。 
4. 哥哥，弟弟都好，他们也都很忙。 
5. 他们都不很忙，我们不都很忙。 

1. Tā gēge hĕn hăo. Tā yĕ hĕn hăo.
2. Tā bù máng. Wŏmen yĕ dōu bù máng.
3. Wŏmen bù dōu hĕn máng. Wŏ máng, tā bù máng.
4. Gēge, dìdi dōu hăo, Tāmen yĕ dōu hĕn máng.
5. Tāmen dōu bù hĕn máng. Wŏmen bù dōu hĕn máng.

1. His older brother is nice, so is he.
2. He is not busy. None of us is busy, either.
3. Not all of us are busy. I’m busy, but he is not.
4. Both older  and  younger brother are good. They are also very busy.
5. All of them are not very busy.  Not all of us are very busy.


3. Questions and  answers:

1. 你们都好吗？我们都好。你呢？我也很好。
2. 你哥哥忙吗？忙。我也很忙。你呢？我不很忙。
3. 你们都不很忙吗？我不很忙，他很忙。
4. 你弟弟不好，你哥哥呢？我哥哥很好。 
5. 他们都很好，你也很好吗？我也好，你呢？ 

1. Nĭmen dōu hăo ma? Wŏmen dōu hăo. Nĭ ne? Wŏ yĕ hĕn hăo.
2. Nĭ gēge máng ma? Máng. Wŏ yĕ hĕn máng. Nĭ ne? Wŏ bù hĕn máng.
3. Nĭmen dōu bù hĕn máng ma? Wŏ bù hĕn máng. Tā hĕn máng.
4. Nĭ dìdi bù hăo, ni gēge ne? Wŏ gēge hĕn hăo.
5. Tāmen dōu hĕn hăo. Nĭ yĕ hĕn hăo ma? Wŏ yĕ hăo. Nĭ ne?

1. Are both of you fine? We are both fine. And you? I’m also fine.
2. Is your older brother busy? Yes. I’m busy, too. What about you? I am not.
3. Are both of you not very busy? I’m not, but he is very busy.
4. Your younger brother is not nice. What about your older brother? My older brother is very nice.
5. All of them are very well. Are you also very well? I’m fine. And you?







I. 选 择 填 空 : Choose the grammatically or logically correct  answer. Then click to check.


1。 你 好_______？ 
  
      a) 呢           b)不           c)吗   
       
2。我很好，你______？
      a)呢            b)不           c)吗   
                          
3。我哥哥不忙，我__________忙。
  
      a)也            b) 很          c)都

4。他们不都忙。哥哥忙，  弟弟________。
 
      a)也忙          b)也不忙        c)不忙  
     
5。他们弟弟很好，哥哥  ______？
  
      a)吗            b)呢           c)也  
                            
6。__________都很忙吗？
  
      a)你哥哥         b)你弟弟       c)他们

7。我很忙，你___________？


      a) 都很忙吗         b) 也很忙吗           c)也很忙呢

8。你不很忙_______？ 
 
      a)吗            b)不           c)呢 


Click to check answers.    
 
II. 阅 读 /听 力 练 习 : Check your comprehension after hearing the  dialogues by choosing 
the correct answers. Click to check your answers:


1.  甲﹕你忙吗？     乙﹕不忙，你呢？
    What  did the man say to the women?
     
         a.   Are you OK?
         b.   You are not busy, right?
         c.   Are you busy?
         b.   My mom is busy.
      
     
2.  我很忙，我弟弟也很忙。我哥哥不很忙？
    Who  is not busy?
         a.   Older brother
         b.   Younger brother
         c.   I
         d.   None of them


3.  甲﹕你好！ 乙﹕你好！
    What  did they say to each other?
         a.   good-bye
         b.   asking each other if they are  OK
         c.   greeting each other
         d.   asking each other’s name


4. 甲﹕你哥哥弟弟都好吗？     乙﹕ 他们都很好。
    How  are the brothers?
         a.   very well
         b.   not so well
         c.   The older brother is fine, but  not the younger one.
         d.   They are busy.

Click to check answers.


III. 选 择 题 : Choose the grammatically or logically correct  answer. Then click to check.
 

1。我很忙，  你 呢 ？
      
        a.  忙。 
        b.  我也  。 
        c.  我不。 

     
2。哥哥好，弟弟呢？
  
        a.  哥哥，弟弟都好  。 
        b.  弟弟都好  。  
        c.  弟弟也好  。 


3。忙不好，不忙呢？ 

        a.  也好  。   
        b.  好  。  
        c.  不。 


 4。你好！ 
 
        a.  你好！  
        b.  我好。你也好吗？  
        c.  我不好，你呢 ？ 

     
5。哥哥不忙，弟弟也不忙。哥哥弟弟都忙吗？
 
        a.  哥哥忙，弟弟也忙。
        b.  他们都不忙 。 
        c.  他们不都忙 。 

     
6。你好，我也好。我们都很好吗？
  
        a.  我们都也好。 
        b.  我们不都好。 
        c.  我们都好。
 
     
7。他很忙，你呢？

        a.  也忙。
        b.  我都忙。
        c.  也都忙。

     
8。我哥哥，弟弟都很好，你哥哥，弟弟好吗？

        a.  他哥哥，弟弟也好。
        b.  他们也都好。
        c.  他也好。

Click to check answers.   
 

IV.排  列 组 合 :Drag the word to order them into grammatical  sentences. Then 
transcribe each sentence into Pinyin. Click to check the  answers. 

1。     1)都        2)他们       3)很          4)也          5)忙           
    

        Word Order   
#

        Pinyin       


  
2。      1)呢       2)他们       3)你         4)都           5)好         6)很                              
    
         Word Order   
#
  
         Pinyin       


  
3。      1)哥哥      2)也         3)他         4)吗          5)忙           


         Word Order   
#

         Pinyin       



4。      1)他        2)也        3)好        4)弟弟          5)不          6)吗           
   

         Word Order   
#

         Pinyin       

  

5。      1)他        2)忙        3)不         4)都          5)哥哥         6)他   


         Word Order   
#

         Pinyin       
 

                          
6。     1)弟弟       2)你        3)也好        4)好          5)吗         


         Word Order    
#

         Pinyin        

  

Click to check answers.


  
 
  
   ▲Top  Contents   
Aisa LanguagesRutgers NB
简体  |  繁体 |