Chinese-Rudgers/Cours/rudgers-26.txt

Lesson Twenty Six: Dialogue Let's take a break


 Dawei:  Ding, take a break.
   Ding:   But, I still don’t know how to do the butterfly.
   Dawei:  (We) will talk about (it) in the future.
   Ding:   OK. What time is it now?
   Dawei:  Four fifteen. We should leave now.
   Ding:   I’ll go to change (the clothes). Yes,  can you give me a ride to the language lab?
   Dawei:  Sure. I’ll wait for you in the parking lot.
   Ding:   In which parking lot did you park your car? Is the one to the right of the gym?
   Dawei:  No. Is the one on the left of the gym.
   Ding:   Isn’t that a parking lot for teachers’? How come your car can park there?
   Dawei:  You forgot that its is Wednesday today. On Wednesday afternoon the students’ cars 
           Can also park there.
   Ding:   Ha, I understand now. OK, We’ll meet later.




初级第二十六课: 对话 我们应该走了


 大为 ： 小丁，休息一下儿吧。
   小丁 ： 可是，仰泳我还不会呢
   大为 ： 以後再说吧。
   小丁 ： 好吧。 现在几点了？
   大为 ： 四点三十五了。我们应该走了。
   小丁 ： 我去换一下衣服。对了，你能开车送我去语言实验室吗？
   大为 ： 好。 我在停车场等你。
   小丁 ： 你的车停在哪个车场？是健身房右边的那个车场吗？
   大为 ： 不是。是健身房左边的那个。
   小丁 ： 那不是老师的停车场吗？你的车怎麽可以停在那儿呢？
   大为 ： 你忘了今天是星期三。星期三下午学生的车也可以停在那儿。
   小丁 ： 原来是这麽一回事儿。好，我们一会儿见。


初級第二十六課: 對話 我們應該走了


大為 ﹕ 小丁，休息一下兒吧。
   小丁 ﹕ 可是，仰泳我還不會呢
   大為 ﹕ 以後再說吧。
   小丁 ﹕ 好吧。 現在幾點了？
   大為 ﹕ 四點三十五了。我們應該走了。
   小丁 ﹕ 我去換一下衣服。對了，你能開車送我去語言實驗室嗎？
   大為 ﹕ 好。 我在停車場等你。
   小丁 ﹕ 你的車停在哪個車場？是健身房右邊的那個車場嗎？
   大為 ﹕ 不是。是健身房左邊的那個。
   小丁 ﹕ 那不是老師的停車場嗎？你的車怎麼可以停在那兒呢？
   大為 ﹕ 你忘了今天是星期三。星期三下午學生的車也可以停在那兒。
   小丁 ﹕ 原來是這麼一回事兒。好，我們一會兒見。


Chūjí Dì èrshíliù Kè: Duìhuà

 
Wŏmen yīnggāi zŏu le

Wŏmen yīnggāi zŏu le


   Dàwéi:     Xiăo Dīng, xiūxi yíxiàr ba.
   Xiăo Dīng: Kĕshì yăngyŏng wŏ hái bú huì ne.
   Dàwéi:     Yĭhòu zài shuō ba.
   Xiăo Dīng: Hăo ba. Xiànzài jĭ diăn le?
   Dàwéi:     Sìdiăn sānshíwŭ le. Wŏmen yīnggāi zŏu le.
   Xiăn Dīng: Wŏ qù huàn yíxià yīfu. Duìle, nĭ néng kāichē sòng wŏ qù yŭyán shíyànshì ma?
   Dàwéi:     Xíng. Wŏ zài tíngchēchăng dĕng nĭ.
   Xiăo Dīng: Nĭde chē tíng zài năgè chēchăng? Shì jiànshēnfánng yòubiān de nàgè chēchăng
 	      ma?
   Dàwéi:     Búshì. Shì jiànshēnfáng zuŏbiānr de nàge.
   Xiăo Ding: Nà búshì lăoshī de tíngchē chăng ma? Nĭde chē zĕnme kĕyĭ tíng zài nàr ne?
   Dàwéi:     Nĭ wàngle jīntiān shì Xīngqī sān. Xīngqī sān xiàwŭ xuéshēng de chē yĕ kĕyĭ tíng
 	      zài nàr.
   Xiăo Dīng: Yuán lái shì zhème yìhuí shìr. Hăo, wŏmen yìhuĭr jiàn.



Lesson Twenty Six: Article Why do you study Chinese?

(Ten Minutes Later)

   David:  What are you going to do in the lab?
   Ding:   I want to prepare the new lesson we are going to have tomorrow.
   David:  I’m going there too. I still don’t know the vocabulary for tomorrow’s ( class ). By 	
           The way, Ding, can I ask you a question?
   Ding:   What question?
   David:  Why do you want to study Chinese? Isn’t it because of the reason that Xueyou is a 
           Chinese American?
   Ding:   It is not just that (But not that alone). Tell you the truth, Since young, I has been 
           interested in Chinese history and culture. Every time, when I went to library with 
           my Mom, I always looked for the books and pictorials which are related to China.
           Now I am attending college, (and) isn’t it natural for me to take Chinese classes 
           and study the language? 
   David:  So, what (kind of ) work do you want to do in the future?  Be an interpreter or a
           teacher?
   Ding:   I don’t know that yet. It is very interesting to be an interpreter. ( It ) will deepen 
           the understanding of the people in two countries. It is also not bad to be a teacher.
          “Teaching by example”, which is very meaningful.(So), being an interpreter or a
           teacher are the same (make no difference ).
   David:  Then, you have to enter the graduate school.
   Ding:   That’s for sure. I’m now busy with preparing my GRE.
   David:  What field are you going to be in?
   Ding:   Either History or Anthropology. I like to study Chinese history , and I 
           also like to study Chinese culture.
   David:  Do you like Chinese literature?
   Ding:   I’m very interested in Chinese literature. I enjoy reading the quite a books written by the famous 
           contemporary writers from China and Taiwan. But, I don’t want to 
           study Chinese literature, for I’m more interested in Chinese history and culture. 
           How about you, David? Why do you study Chinese?
   David:  My learning Chinese is serendipitous. Foreign language is composure at college. 
           I was not interested in European languages, therefore, I chose Chinese. Now, the 
           More I learn, the more interested I become, and the more I learn the more I enjoy
           it.
   Ding:   Also (at the same time), the more Chinese you speak the more fluent you are.
   David:  Thank you. But, to tell the truth, it is not easy for an American to study Chinese.
   Ding:   “There is a will there is a way.
   David:  You are right.



初级第二十六课: 短文 你为什麽要学中文


(十分钟以後)
   大为 ： 你去实验室作什麽？ 
   小丁 ： 我想预习一下明天要上的新课。 
   大为 ： 我也去那儿。明天的生词我还不会。对了，小丁我问你一个问题，好吗？ 
   小丁 ： 什麽问题？ 
   大为 ： 你为什麽要学中文呢？是不是因为学友是华裔的缘故？ 
   小丁 ： 是也不是。说实在的 ，我从小对中国的历史，文化就有兴趣。每次 
           跟妈妈去图书馆，我总是找跟中国有关的书和画报。现在我上大学，选 
           中文课，学汉语，不是很自然吗？
   大为 ： 那麽，以後你想作什麽工作呢？当翻译还是当老师？ 
   小丁 ： 我还不知道呢。当翻译很有意思，可以加深两国人民的了解。当老师 
           也不错，"为人师表"也很有意义。当老师或者当翻译都一样。 
   大为 ： 那你一定得上研究院了。 
   小丁 ： 那当然。我现在忙着准备研究生的考试呢。 
   大为 ： 你想选什麽专业呢？ 
   小丁 ： 不是历史学就是人类学。我喜欢研究中国历史，我也喜欢研究中国文化。 
   大为 ： 你喜欢中国文学吗？ 
   小丁 ： 我对现代中国文学很有兴趣。几个有名的中国和台湾现代作家写的书 
           我都爱看。可是，我不想研究中国文学，因为我对中国历史和文化更 
           有兴趣。你呢？ 大为， 你为什麽要学中文呢？ 
   大为 ： 我学中文很偶然。上大学，外语是必修课。我对欧洲语言没有兴趣， 
           所以就学中文。现在我越学越有兴趣，越学越爱学。 
   小丁 ： 同时，你的中文越说越流利。 
   大为 ： 哪里。不过，说实在，美国人学中文真不容易。 
   小丁 ： "有志者事竟成"嘛。 
   大为 ： 你说得很对。
  


初級第二十六課: 短文 你為什麼要學中文

(十分鐘以後)
   大為 ﹕ 你去實驗室作什麼？ 
   小丁 ﹕ 我想預習一下明天要上的新課。 
   大為 ﹕ 我也去那兒。明天的生詞我還不會。對了，小丁我問你一個問題，好嗎？ 
   小丁 ﹕ 什麼問題？ 
   大為 ﹕ 你為什麼要學中文呢？是不是因為學友是華裔的緣故？ 
   小丁 ﹕ 是也不是。說實在的 ，我從小對中國的歷史，文化就有興趣。每次 
           跟媽媽去圖書館，我總是找跟中國有關的書和畫報。現在我上大學，選 
           中文課，學漢語，不是很自然嗎？
   大為 ﹕ 那麼，以後你想作什麼工作呢？當翻譯還是當老師？ 
   小丁 ﹕ 我還不知道呢。當翻譯很有意思，可以加深兩國人民的了解。當老師 
           也不錯，"為人師表"也很有意義。當老師或者當翻譯都一樣。 
   大為 ﹕ 那你一定得上研究院了。 
   小丁 ﹕ 那當然。我現在忙著準備研究生的考試呢。 
   大為 ﹕ 你想選什麼專業呢？ 
   小丁 ﹕ 不是歷史學就是人類學。我喜歡研究中國歷史，我也喜歡研究中國文化。 
   大為 ﹕ 你喜歡中國文學嗎？ 
   小丁 ﹕ 我對現代中國文學很有興趣。幾個有名的中國和台灣現代作家寫的書 
           我都愛看。可是，我不想研究中國文學，因為我對中國歷史和文化更 
           有興趣。你呢？ 大為， 你為什麼要學中文呢？ 
   大為 ﹕ 我學中文很偶然。上大學，外語是必修課。我對歐洲語言沒有興趣， 
           所以就學中文。現在我越學越有興趣，越學越愛學。 
   小丁 ﹕ 同時，你的中文越說越流利。 
   大為 ﹕ 哪裡。不過，說實在，美國人學中文真不容易。 
   小丁 ﹕ "有志者事竟成"嘛。 
   大為 ﹕ 你說得很對。


Chūjí Dì èrshíliù Kè: Duǎnwén

 
Nĭ wèishénme xué Zhōngwén ?


Nĭ wèishénme xué Zhōngwén ?


(Shí Fēnzhōng Yĭhòu)

   Dàwéi:     Nĭ qù shíyànshi zuò shénme?
   Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ xiăng yùxí yíxià míngtiān yào shàng de xīn kĭ. 
   Dáwéi:     Wŏ yĕ qù nàr. Míng tiān de shēng cí wŏ hái bú huì. Duì le, Xiăo Dīng, wŏ wèn nĭ yígè wèntí  hăoma?
   Xiăo Dīng: Shénme wèntí?
   Dàwéi:     Nĭ wèishénme xué Zhōngwén ne? Shì búshì yīnwèi Xuéyŏu shì 
 	      Huáyì de yuángù?
   Xiăo Dīng: Shì yĕ búshì. Shuō shízài, wŏ cóngxiăo duì Zhōngguó lìshĭ  wénhuà jiù yŏu xìngqù. Mĕicì gēn
              māma qù túshūguăn, wŏ zŏngshì zhăo gēn Zhōngguó yŏuguān de shū hé huàbào. Xiànzài wŏ shàng dàxué, 
       	      xuăn Zhōngwén kè  xué Hànyŭ  búshì hĕn zìrán ma?
   Dàwéi:     Nàme, yĭhòu nĭ xiăng zuò shénme gōngzuò ne? Dāng fānyì háishì 
              dāng lăoshī?
   Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ hái bù zhīdào ne. Dāng fanyì hĕn yŏu yìsi, kĕyĭ jiāshēn liăng
              guó rénmín de liăojiĕ. Dāng lăoshī yĕ hĕn búcuò. ¡§Wéirénshībiăo¡¨
              Yĕ hĕn yŏu yìyì. Dāng lăoshī huòzhĕ dāng fānyì dōu yíyàng.
   Dàwéi:     Nà nĭ yídìng dĕi shàng yánjiūyuàn.
   Xiăo Dīng: Nà dāngrán. Wŏ xiànzài mángzhe zhèngzài zhŭnbèi yánjiūshēng de kăoshì ne.
   Dàwéi:     Nĭ xiăng xuăn shénme zhuānyè ne?
   Xiăo Dīng: Búshì lìshĭ jiùshì rénlèi xué. Wŏ xĭhuān Zhōngguó lìshĭ, wŏ yĕ xĭhuān yánjiū Zhōngguó wénhuà.
   Dàwéi:     Nĭ xĭhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?
   Xiăo Dīng: Wŏ duì Zhōngguó xiàndài wénxué hĕn yŏu xìngqù. Jĭgè yŏumíng de 
	      Zhōngguó hé Táiwān xiàndài zuòjiā xiĕ de shū wŏ dōu ài kàn. Kĕshì, wŏ bù xiăng yánjiū Zhōngguó wénxué,
              yīnwèi wŏ duì Zhōngguó lìshĭ hé wénhuà gèng yŏu xìngqù. Nĭ ne? Dàwéi, nĭ wèishénme
              Yào xué Zhōngwén ne?
   Dàwéi:     Wŏ xué Zhōngwén hĕn ŏrán. Shàng dàxué, wàiyŭ shì bìxiū kè. Wŏ duì ōzhōu yŭyán méiyŏu xìngqù,
              suŏyĭ jiù xué Zhōngwén. Xiànzài wŏ yuè xué yuè yŏu xìngqù, yuè xué yuè ài xué.
   Xiăo Dīng: Nĭ Zhōngwén xué de hĕn búcuò.
   Dàwéi:     Nălĭ. Búguò, shuō shízài, Mĕiguó rén xué Zhōngwén zhēn bù róngyì.
   Xiăo Dīng: ¡§Yŏuzhìzhĕ shìjìngchéng¡¨ ma.
   Dàwéi:     Nĭ shuō de hĕn duì.

   

词 汇

Chinese Words  Pinyin  Part of Speech	Engl. Trans.	Examples
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 研究院			yánjiūyuàn			 n.		graduate school	
仰泳			yăngyŏng		 	  n.		 butterfly style
停车场			tíngchēchăng	 	 n.		parking lot
缘故			yuángù		  	  n.		 reason	
翻译			fānyì		  	  n.		 translation
考试			kăoshì		  	  n.		 quiz, exam
专业			zhuānyè	 	  	  n. 		 academic field, profession
人类学			rénlèi xué		 	 n.	       anthropology
兴趣	   		xìngqu		  	  n.		interest
作家			zuòjiā		  	  n.		writer
必修课			bìxiū kè		  	 n.	       compulsory course
换			huàn		  	   n.		 to change
忘			wàng		  	   v.		 to forget	
选			xuăn		  	   v.		 to select, to choose
当			dāng		  	   v.		 to work as, to function as
加深			jiāshēn		 	  v.		to deepen
了解			liăojiĕ		  	  v. n.		to understand,  understanding
研究			yánjiū		  	  v.		to study, to do research on
自然			zìrán		 	 adj.		natural,
偶然			ŏurán		 	 adj.		accidental,  serendipitous
有意义			yŏu yìyì			adj.	       meaningful
有关			yŏu guān		 	 adj.		pertinent, relevant to
或者			huòzhĕ		 	 conj.		or
越...越			...yuè...yuè...		   	 conj.		the more...the more
是不是因为....的缘故   	 Shì bú shi yīnwèi...de yuángù	   	   Isn’t it because that	
对...有/没有兴趣	duì... yŏu/méi yŏu xìngqu		   to be (not) interested in 
原来是这麽一回事	Yuánlái shì zhème yì huí shì		   Now, I understand.	
有志者事竟成		Yǒuzhìzhĕ shìjìngchéng.		   There is a will there is a way.
为人师表		Wéirén shībiăo		   	      Teach by setting a good example
会			huì		   	  aux. v.	   know how to, can	
可以			kĕyĭ		  	 aux. v.	  can, may
要			yào		  	  aux. v.	   shall, will
能			néng		  	  aux. v.	   may, can
愿意			yuànyì		  	 aux. v.	  be willing to
应该			yīnggāi		 	 aux. v.	  ought to, must
 



语 法

1.Common auxiliary verbs and their usage:

Verbs which assist the main verb in a sentence to express necessity, possibility and willingness are known as 
AUXILLARY VERBS. The six most commonly used auxiliary verbs, their meanings, their negative verbs and examples 
of their usage are listed below:

Aux. verb	 Meaning										Neg. form		Examples	
会		1.Express the grasp skill through learning 	2. Express possibility	 		不会			我会说汉语。 I can (learn how to) speak Chinese. 她不会游泳。 She can’t (don’t know how to) swim. ------- 王老师会来吗？ Can Teacher Wang come? 她很忙，不会来。She is busy. (She) can’t come.	
能		1.Express capability 				2.Possibility provided by circumstances	不能			他能教你跳舞。 He can teach you dance. 她能不能开车？ Can she drive? -------- 大夫说他能吃鱼 。 Doctor says he can eat fish.	
想		1.Express a desire to do something  		2.Express an actual need	  	不想,不用		我想上研究院。 I want to attend graduate school. 我不想学吸烟。 I don’t want to learn smoking. -------- 你要去看你妈妈。You need to do and visit your Mom. 你不用给我打电话。 You don’t need to call me.	
可以		1.Express the ability  				2.Express permission 	     		不可以			学中文可以了解中国。 Learning Chinese can understand China.  ------- 这儿不可以喝酒。 Drinking is not allowed here. 	
应该	  	Ought to										不应该			你应该去中国看看。 You ought to visit China.  他不应该看那本书。 He should not read that book.	
愿意		To be willing to	  								不愿意			他愿意跟你去纽约。 He is willing to go to NY with you.	
				


2.或者  vs.   还是:
Both conjunctions means “or” in English. But,  还是 is mainly used in an alternative question 
or in a subordinate clause following such verbs as 知道, 告诉  .  For example:

明天她还是你去看爸爸？		Tomorrow will she or you  go to see Dad?
你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？		Do you want to drink tea or coffee?		
我不知道她是中国人还是日本人。	I don’t know weather she is Chinese or Japanese.

或者 is used in declarative sentences or in questions except alternative questions. For example:

以後你想当翻译或者老师吗？	In the future will you want to work as an 
				interpreter or a teacher?

小王或者小张明天开车来接你。	Tomorrow Wang or Zhang will come and pick 
				you up.


3. The pattern 越...越....:
This is a construction for describing progression in one process that is related to another process. 
It’s English equivalent is “the more...the more...”. For example:

我越学中文越爱学。		The more I learn Chinese, the better I like it.
他越走越快。			The more he walked, the faster he got. 
				(He walked faster and faster)
认识的字越多越好。		The more characters one knows, the better.

Note that after the appearances of 越, we can use both adjectives : 越多越好; a verb and an adjective: 越走越快 ,
or both verbs where the second verb stands for a feeling or emotion: 越学中文越爱学.
      
Summary of the pattern:

Subject       越         Verb/adjective 越        Verb/adjective.
-----------------	-------------------	  ---------------	 
   

语 型

Speech Patterns:

1.Auxiliary verbs: 会,能,要,可以,应该,愿意?
A.要(having  a desire to do something, also indicating  a future action):
1。明天我要去古老师那儿坐坐。你也去吗？我不想去。
2。妈妈这个星期天要去看朋友。她说没空给你作点心。
3。下午我们要跳舞。你也来吧。
4。这个周末我要去实验室工作，所以，我不想去散心。

要(expressing a need):
5。老师，今天我们要背生词吗？不用。
6。每个人都要学一门外国语言。
7。学外语一定要天天练习。
8。王老师说我们今天不用去语言实验室，可是一定要念课文。

要(having  a desire to do something, also indicating  a future action):
1.Míngtiān wŏ yào qù Gŭ lăoshī nàr zuòzuo. Nĭ yĕ qù ma? Wŏ bù xiăng qù. 
2.Māma zhè ge xīngqī tiān yào qù kàn péngyou. Tā shuō méi kòng gĕi nĭ zuò diănxīn.
3.Xiàwŭ wŏmen yào tiàowŭ.  Nĭ yĕ lái ba.
4.Zhè ge zhōumò wŏ yào qù shìyànshì gōngzuò, suŏyĭ  wŏ bù xiăng qù sànxīn.
要(expressing a need):
5.Lăoshī,  jīntiān wŏmen yào bèi shēngcí ma? Bú yòng.
6.Mĕi ge rén dōu yào xué yì mén wàiguó yŭyán.
7.Xué wàiyŭ yídìng yào tiāntiān liànxì.
8.Wáng lăoshī shuō wŏmen jīntiān bú yòng qù yŭyán shìyànshì, kĕshì yídìng yào niàn kèwén.

要(having  a desire to do something, also indicating  a future action):
1.Tomorrow I’ll go to Teacher Gu’s place for a visit. Will you go, too? I won’t go.
2.Mom will go to visit friends this Sunday. She said she had no time to make desserts.
3.This afternoon, we’ll dance. Join us, will you?
4.This weekend I’ll go to work at the lab, so, I’ll not go out.

要(expressing a need):
5.Teacher, should we memorize the new words today? No.
6.Everybody got to learn a foreign language.
7.Leaning a foreign language, (one) needs to practice everyday.
8.Teacher Wang says we do not need to go to language lab today, but we got to practice reading the text.



B.会 (expressing the grasp of skills through learning ):
1。你为什麽天天走路去上课？你会开车吗？我会开车。可是我没有车。
2。你会不会写汉字？我会。可是，我写得不好。
3。他怎么样？他很不错，可是不会说汉语。
4。会唱这首歌的人不多。这首歌太难了。
5。早知道你会作中国点心，我就不去买了。

会(expressing possibility):
6。明天他会开车送你吗？不会，他明天要上课。
7。你会来参加我的生日晚会吗？我一定会来。
8。你说他会帮我翻译吗？我不知道。我得打电话问他。

会 (expressing the grasp of skills through learning ):
1.Nĭ wèishénme tiāntiān zŏu lù qù shàng kè.  Nĭ huì kāi chē ma? Wŏ huì kāi chē. Kĕshì wŏ méi yŏu chē.
2.Nĭ huì bú huì xiĕ Hànzi? Wŏ huì.  Kĕshì,  wŏ xiĕ de bù hăo.
3.Tā zĕnmeyàng? Tā hĕn búcuò, kĕshì bú huì shuō Hànyŭ.
4.Huì chàng zhè shŏu gē de rén bù duō. Zhè shŏu gē tài nán le.
5.Zăo zhīdao nĭ huì zuò Zhōngguó diănxīn, wŏ jiù bú qù măi le.
会(expressing possibility):
6.Mìngtiān tā huìkāichēsòng nĭ ma? Bú huì, Tā mìngtiān yào shàng kè.
7.Nĭ huì lái cānjiā wŏde shēngrì wănhuì ma? Wŏ yìdìng huì lái.
8.Nĭ shuō tā huì bāng wŏ fānyì ma? Wŏ bù zhīdào. Wŏ dĕi dă diànhuà wèn tā.

会 (expressing the grasp of skills through learning ):
1.Why do you walk to class everyday? Do you know how to drive? I do know how to drive, but I don’t have a car.
2.Do you know how to write Characters? Yes. But my writing is not good.
3.How about him? He is not bad, but he does not know how to speak Chinese.
4.Those who know how to sing this song are not many. This song is difficult.
5.If I had known that you know how to make Chinese dim sum, I would not have bought it.
会(expressing possibility):
6.Can he give you a ride tomorrow? No. He is going to class tomorrow.
7.Can you come to my birthday party? I certainly can come.
8.Do you think he can help me translate? I don’t know. I have to call him and ask.


C.能(expressing possibility):
1。下星期你能跟我一起去医院作义工吗？
2。这学期我太忙了，所以不能选汉语。
3。王老师，下午我得去看大夫，不能帮你找资料。对不起。
4。我没有钱。我不能上研究院。我得工作。
   能(expressing capability):
5。他会游泳 ，可是他游得不好，所以不能教你。
6。她的身体不好，不能工作。
7。我不会法文，所以不能帮你翻译。你找我妈妈吧。她能。
8。我吃得太多了，不能再吃了。谢谢。

能(expressing possibility):
1.Xià xīngqī nĭ néng gēn wŏ yìqĭ qù yīyuàn zuò yìgōng ma?
2.Zhè xuéqī wŏ tài máng le, suŏyĭ bù néng xuăn Hànyŭ.
3.Wáng lăoshī,  xiàwŭ wŏ dĕi qù kàn dàifu, bù néng bāng nĭ zhăo zīliào. Duìbuqĭ.
4.Wŏ méi yŏu qián. Wŏ bù néng shàng yánjiūyuàn. Wŏ dĕi gōngzuò.
能(expressing capability):
5.Tā huì yóuyŏng, kĕshì tā yóu de bù hăo, suŏyĭ bù néng jiāo nĭ.
6.Tā de shēntĭ bù hăo, bù néng gōngzuò.
7.Wŏ bú huì Făwén, suŏyĭ bù néng bāng nĭ fānyì. Nĭ zhăo wŏ māma ba. Tā néng.
8.Wŏ chī de tài duō le, bù néng zài chī le. Xièxie.

能(expressing possibility):
1.Can you go and volunteer together with me in the hospital next week?
2.This semester I am too busy, so I can not take Chinese.
3.Teacher Wang, this afternoon I have to see doctor. I can not help you to look for the materials. I’m sorry.
4.I don’t have money. I can not attend the graduate school. I have to work.
能(expressing capability):
5.He knows how to swim, but he does not swim well, so (he) can not teach you.
6.Her health isn’t good, so (she) can not work.
7.I don’t know French, so (I) can not help you with the translation. Ask my Mom. She can.
8.I have eaten too muck. I can’t eat anymore. Thank you just the same.




D.可以(expressing the ability):
1。学中文可以加深对中国的了解。
2。看书，看报可以了解世界。
3。现在学中文，以後就可以当翻译。
   可以 (expressing permission):
4。你可以用这台电脑。我用那台。
5。我们可以从那儿走吗？不可以。那是车家的花园。
6。你才十八岁，不可以喝酒。
7。喝酒以後，不可以开车。
8。老师说上课的时候，只可以说汉语，不可以说英语。

可以(expressing the ability):
1. Xué Zhōngwén kĕyĭ jiāshēn duì Zhōngguó de liăojiĕ.
2.Kàn shū kàn bào, kĕyĭ liăojiĕ shìjiè. 
3.Xiànzài xué Zhōngwén, yĭhòu jiù kĕyĭ dāng fānyì.
可以 (expressing permission):
4.Nĭ kĕyĭ yòng zhè tái diànnăo. Wŏ yòng nà tái.
5.Wŏmen kĕyĭ cóng nàr zŏu ma? Bù Kĕyĭ. Nà shì Chē jiā de huāyuán.
6.Nĭ cái shìbā suì. Bù kĕyĭ hē jiŭ. 
7.Hē jiŭ yĭhòu, bù kĕyĭ kāi chē.
8.Lăoshī shuō shàng kè de shìhòu, zhĭ kĕyĭ shuō Hànyŭ, bù kĕyĭ shuō Yīngyŭ.

可以(expressing the ability):
1.Learning Chinese can deepen the understanding of China.
2.Reading books, reading newspaper can learn about the world.
3.Now (you) learn Chinese, later (you) can be an interpreter.
可以 (expressing permission):
4.You can use this computer. I use that one.
5.Can we go from there? No. That is Che family’s garden.
6.You are only eighteen. (You) can’t drink.
7.No driving after drinking.
8.The teacher says in class, (we) are only allowed to speak Chinese. (We) are not allowed to speak English.



E.应该(should, ought to):

1。我学中文不是偶然的。我爸爸说中国人吃中国饭，就应该学中文。
2。你才十九，不应该喝酒。
3。我们都是朋友，应该互相帮助。
4。你昨天应该去纽约看那个中国展览，非常不错。

1.Wŏ xué Zhōngwén bú shì ŏurán de. Wŏ bàba shuō Zhōnguó rén chī Zhōngguó fàn, jiù yīnggāi xué Zhōngwén.
2.Nĭ cái shìjiŭ, bù yīnggāi hē jiŭ.
3.Wŏmen dōu shì péngyou, yīnggāi hùxiāng bāngzhù. 
4.Nĭ zuótiān yīnggāi qù Nĭuyuē kàn nà ge Zhōngguó zhănlăn, fēicháng búcuò.

1.It is not an serendipitous act of me to learn Chinese. My Dad says that an Chinese who eats Chinese food should learn Chinese.
2.You are only nineteen. (You) should not drink.
3.We are all friends. We should help each other.
4.You should have gone to see the Chinese exhibits in New York. (It’s) very, very nice.

F.愿意 (willing):

1。他说他愿意帮我 洗 车。
2。你明天愿意不愿意跟我去医院作义工？
3。他说他愿意去餐馆打工，不愿意在家看妹妹。

1.Tā shuō tā yuànyì bāng wŏ xĭ chē.
2.Nĭ mìngtiān yuànyì bú yuànyì gēn wŏ qù yīyuàn zuò yìgōng?
3.Tā shuō tā yuànyì qù cānguăn dă gōng, bú yuànyì zài jiā kàn mèimei.

1.He said he is willing to help me clean the car.
2.Are you willing or not to go with me to volunteer in the hospital tomorrow?
3.He said he is willing to work in the restaurant, but not willing to look after the younger sister at home.




2. The expression 或者:

1。你什麽时候去中国？我明年六月或者七月去。
2。你以後想作什麽工作？ 当经理或者当工程师都很不错。你说对吧？
3。我们晚上吃什麽？中国饭或者美国饭都可以。
4。从这儿去纽约，坐火车或者坐汽车都很方便。
5。我有一个问题。我想现在去学院跟王老师或者车老师谈一谈。
6。今天晚上我们在家看电视还是去电影院看电影？看电影或者看电视都一样。我都喜欢。
7。我星期三或者星期四要到纽约图书馆找资料。你也想去吗？

1.Nĭ shénme shìhòu qù Zhōngguó. Wŏ mìngnián liù yuè huòzhĕ qī yuè qù.
2.Nĭ yĭhòu xiăng zuò shénme gōngzuò? Dāng jīnglĭ huòzhĕ dāng gōngchéngshī dōu hĕn búcuò. Nĭ shuō duì ba?
3.Wŏmen wănshàng chī shénme? Zhōngguó fàn huòzhĕ Mĕiguó fàn dōu kĕyĭ.
4.Cóng zhèr qù Niŭyuē zuò huŏchē huòzhĕ zuò qìchē dōu hĕn fāngbiàn.
5.Wŏ yŏu yí ge wèntì. Wŏ xiăng xiànzài qù xuéyuàn gēn Wáng lăoshī huòzhĕ Chē lăoshī tán yì tán.
6.Jīntiān wănshàng wŏmen zài jiā kàn diànshì háishì qù diànyĭngyuàn kàn diànyĭng? Kàn diànyĭng huòzhĕ kàn diànshì dōu yíyàng. Wŏ dōu xĭhuan.
7.Wŏ xīngqī sān huòzhĕ xīngqī sì yào dào Niŭyuē túshūguăn zhăo zīliào. Nĭ yĕ xiăng qù ma?

1.When are you going to China? I’ll go in June or July next year.
2.What do you want to be in the future? It isn’t bad to be a manager or an engineer. Do you agree?
3.What do we eat tonight? Chinese food or American food are both fine.
4.It is very convenient to go from here to New York by train or by car.
5.I have a question. I want to go to the college now to talk to Teacher Wang or Teacher Che.
6.This evening, are we going to watch TV at home or watch a movie at the cinema? It makes no difference to see 
  a movie or TV. I enjoy both.
7.I will go to New York library on Wednesday or on Thursday to look for materials. Do you want to go, too?







3.The pattern 越...越....:


1。这本书我越看越觉得有意思。你也看看吧。你一定也会喜欢。
2。你看，他越唱越高兴。你想跟他一起唱吗？
3。这个星期我睡得很多，越 睡越想睡。
4。今天来参加晚会的人真多。我妈妈说人越多越好。
5。你妈妈作的点心真好吃。我越吃越爱吃。那你就再吃一点吧。
6。他越游越快，越游离我们越远。
7。现在的孩子跟以前的孩子不一样。你越说他们越不听。



1.Zhè bĕn shū wŏ yuè kàn yuè juéde yŏu yìsi. Nĭ yĕ kànkan ba. Nĭ yídìng yĕ huì xĭhuan.
2.Nĭ kàn, tā yuè chàng yuè gāoxìng. Nĭ xiăng gēn tā yìqĭ chàng ma?
3.Zhè ge xīngqī wŏ shuì de hĕn duō, yuè shuì yuè xiăng shuì.
4.Jīntiān lái cānjiā wănhuì de rén zhēn duō. Wŏ māma shuō rén yuè duō yuè hăo.
5.Nĭ māma zuò de diănxīn zhēn hăo chī. Wŏ yuè chī yuè ài chī. Nà nĭ jiù zài chī yìdiăn ba.
6.Tā yuè yóu yuè kuài, yòu yóu lì wŏmen yuè yuăn.
7.Xiànzài de háizi gēn yĭqián de háizi bù yíyàng. Nĭ yuè shuō tāmen yuè bù tīng.


1.This book, the more I read the more interesting I feel. Just read it yourself. You will definitely like it, 
  too.
2.Look, the more he sings the happier he becomes. Do you want to sing with him?
3.This week I slept a lot, the more I slept the more I want to sleep.
4.Today the people who came to participate in the party are a lot. My Mom says the more the people the merrier.
5.The deserts your Mom made are delicious. The more I eat the more I like to eat. Then, you have some more.
6.He swims faster and faster. The more he swims the farther he is away from us.
7.Today’s kids are not the same as those before. The more you say the more indifferent they become (the more they would not listen). 





4.The expression 忙着+ V. (be busy doing):


1。她现在忙着学中文，没空看电视。	
2。你忙什麽呢?我忙着作饭呢   。
3。你看，他们玩得 真高兴。你为什麽不玩呢？我忙着准备考试呢。
4。今天我打电话给老王。他不在。你知道他在哪儿？他在三楼 ，忙着写他的书呢。
5。那个忙着吃饭的孩子是谁？她是对面张先生的女儿。



1.Tā xiànzài máng zhe xué Zhōngwén, méi kòng kàn diànshì.
2.Nĭ máng shénme? Wŏ máng zhe zuò fàn ne.
3.Nĭ kàn, tāmen wán de zhēn gāoxìng. Nĭ wèishénme bù wán ne? Wŏ máng zhe zhŭnbèi kăoshì ne.
4.Jīntiān wŏ dă diànhuà gĕi Lăo Wáng. Tā bú zài. Nĭ zhīdao tā zài năr? Tā zài sān lóu, máng zhe xiĕ tā de shū ne.
5.Nà ge máng zhe chī fàn de háizi shì shuì? Tā shì duìmiàn Zhāng xiānsheng de nǚér.                            


1.Now she is busy studying Chinese; (she) has no time to watch TV.
2.What are you busy with? I’m busy cooking.
3.Look, they are having a lot fun (playing happily). Why don’t you join them (why don’t you play)? I’m
  busy preparing for the exam.
4.Today I call old Zhang. He was not in. Do you know where he is? He is on the third floor, busy writing his book.
5.Who is the child busy eating? She is the daughter of Mr. Zhang who lives across. 




5.The expression (这)是不是因为.....的缘故:(Isn’t this because?)


1.这是不是因为你喜欢喝茶的缘故?
2.你想去台湾，(这)是不是因为你女朋友在那儿的缘故?
3.她不想去饭馆吃饭，是不是因为没有车的缘故?
4.是不是因为那个学院老师好的缘故，你想去那儿学习?
5.你喜欢这个电视，是不是因为想家的缘故?
6.是不是因为他在纽约工作的缘故，所以你也想去纽约?
7.你说你不会写这个汉字，是不是因为你不想帮我写?
8.他要你现在去图书馆，是不是因为他要你帮他找资料?


1.Zhè shì bú shì yīnwèi nĭ xĭhuan hē chá de yuángù?
2.Nĭ xiăng qù Táiwān, (zhè) shì bú shì yīnwèi nĭ nǚ péngyou zài nàr de yuángù?
3.Tā bù xiăng qù fànguăn chī fàn, shì bú shì yīnwèi méi yŏu chē de yuángù.
4.Shì bú shì yīnwèi nà ge xuéyuàn lăoshī hăo de yuángù, nĭ xiăng qù nàr xuéxì?
5.Nĭ xĭhuan zhè ge diànshi, shì bú shì yīnwèi xiăng jiā de yuángù? 
6.Shì bú shì yīnwèi tā zài Niŭyuē gōngzuò de yuángù, suŏyĭ nĭ yĕ xiăng qù Niŭyuē?
7.Nĭ shuō nĭ bú huì xiĕ zhè ge Hànzì,  shì bú shì yīnwèi nĭ bù xiăng bāng wŏ xiĕ?
8.Tā yào nĭ xiànzài qù túshūguăn, shì bú shì tā yào nĭ bāng tā zhăo zīliào?


1.Isn’t it because you like to drink tea?
2.You want to go to Taiwan, isn’t this because your girl friend is there?
3.She does not want to go to the restaurant to have dinner. Isn’t this because she does not have a car?
4.Isn’t it because the teachers in the college are good, so you want to study there?
5.You like this TV (program), isn’t this because you are homesick?
6.Isn’t it because he works in New York, so you also want to go to New York?
7.You said that you don’t know how to write this character; isn’t that because you don’t want to help me 
  write it? 
8.He wants you to go to the library right now; isn’t that because he wants you to help him to look for the 
  materials?