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- Grammar </p>
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- Affirmative-negative questions:
- We have learned that to form a simple question in Mandarin Chinese,
- we can just adding the question particle 吗 to a statement, without
- making any change in the word order. For example:
- 你是中国人吗?
- Another way of framing questions is by putting together the affirmative
- and negative forms of the verb. For example:
- 你 是 不是 中国人? Are(or aren’t) you Chinese?
- Aff. Neg.
- 她 去 不去 台湾? Will she (or won’t she) go to Taiwan?
- If the verb consistes of two syllables such as 认识,, 学习,there are two
- ways to make up the affirmative-negative:
- 1. 认识不认识 学习不学习 介绍不介绍
- 2. 认不认识 学不学习 介不介绍
- If the verb, no matter whether it is monosyllabic or disyllabic, is modified
- by an adverb such as 都,也,很, there is no way to form an affirmative-negative
- question. One exception is with the adverb 常. When 常 modifies a verb, the
- affirmative-negative form falls on 常 instead of the verb. For example:
-
- 你常不常去看你妈妈? Do you often (or not) go to visit your mom?
- When there are verbal constructions in series in the sentence, the first
- verb is always the one used to form an affirmative-negative question.
- For instance:
- 她来不来这儿看电视? Will (or won’t) she come here to watch TV?
- 你们坐不坐车去? Do (or don’t) you go by bus?
- To moderate the tone, 呢 or 啊 can be used at the end of an affirmative-negative
- question. For example:
- 美国车好不好呢? Is an American car good (or not good)?
- 你说不说啊? Will you (or won’t you) speak?
- Indirect questions:
- It is relatively easy to form an indirect question in Chinese. You just insert
- the clause carrying the question in the outer frame, as if it were being quoted.
- For example:
- 她问:"谁是中国人?" 她问谁是中国人。 She asks who is Chinese.
- 老师问我:"你喜欢什么?" 老师问我你喜欢什么。 The Teacher asked me what you
- like
- There are no shifts and turns in word order. Simply take off the quotation mark,
- and change the question mark into a period. Some more examples:
- 妈妈问:"你为什么不喝咖啡?" 妈妈问你为什么不喝咖啡。
- Mom asked why you don’t drink coffee.
-
- 哥哥问我:"妈妈的朋友住哪儿?" 哥哥问我妈妈的朋友住哪儿。
- Older brother asked me where mom’s friend lives.
- But if you want to turn a direct simple question into an indirect simple question,
- you must change a question having the particle 吗 into affirmative-negative format.
- For example:
- 她问我:"老师忙吗?" 她问我老师忙不忙。
- She asked me whether the teacher is busy.
- 江华问我 :"你认识她吗?" 江华问我(我)认识不认识她。
- Hua Jiang asked me if I know her.
-
- 我问她:"你哥哥吸烟吗?" 我问她哥哥吸不吸烟 。
- I asked her whether her older brother smokes.
- You can also see that that there is no equivalent in Chinese of “if” or “whether”.
- 3. The conjunctions 因为, 所以:
- 因为 (yīnwèi) is an equivalent of English “because”, which introduces a clause of
- reason, cause, etc. For example:
- 她常常去纽约,因为她的爸爸妈妈在纽约。
- Tā chángcháng qù Niŭyuē yīnwèi tāde bàba māma zài Niŭyu.
- She goes to New York often, because her parents are in New York.
- 所以 (suŏyǐ is an equivalent of English “so”, which introduces a clause of result,
- effect, etc. For example:
- 他常常说中文,所以他的中文很好。
- Tā chángcháng shuō Zhōngwén, suŏyǐ tāde Zhōngwén hĕn hăo.
- He speaks Chinese all the time, that’s why his Chinese is good.
- In Mandarin Chinese, the conjunctions 因为,所以 can appear as a pair in a sentence.
- When they work together, 因为always goes first to give a reason or cause, and 所以
- always follows to present an outcome, or an effect. For example:
- 因为我很忙,所以今天不看电视。
- Yīnwèi wǒ hĕn máng, suŏyǐ jīntiān bú kàn diànshì.
- I’m busy, so I won’t watch TV today.
- 因为我是她哥哥,所以我知道她不喜欢玩电脑。
- Yīnwèi wǒ shì tā gēge, suŏyǐ wǒ zhīdào tā bù xĭhuān wán diànnăo.
- Because I’m her older brother, I know she doesn’t like to play computer.
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