Chinese-Rudgers/Cours/rudgers-23.txt

Lesson Twenty Three: Dialogue She is Cleaning her room



 Shihai:  Hello, is this Renmei Ding’s dorm room?
   Xueyou:  Yes. Who are you looking for?	
   Shihai:  Can I speak to Ding (I’m looking for Ding). Is she in? Please ask her to (come to) 
            the phone.
   Xueyou:  May I ask whom I’m speaking to (May I ask who is this?)
   Shihai:  This is Shihai speaking (I’m Shihai).
   Xueyou:  Hi, Shihai. This is Xueyou. Ding is cleaning her room. Just a minute 
            please (please wait a minute). Let me go and ask her to (come to) the phone (let
            me go and ask her to listen to the phone).
   Shihai:  Thank you.
   Renmei:  Hello, Shihai, How are you? How come you have time today to call me?
            Where are you now?
   Shihai:  I’m in the students’ center.
   Renmei:  Are (you) taking a break there?
   Shihai:  No. I’m writing a report on China.  I  want to ask you some 
            questions, OK?
   Renmei:  No problem. But I’m cleaning my room now, (and I) won’t have time
            until later.
   Shihai:  That’s alright. Later, will you come here or should I go over to your place?
   Renmei:  The students’ center is too noisy. Come to my place, OK?
   Shihai:  Are there any Chinese maps there at your place?
   Renmei:  No. Why, you want to use the map of China?
   Shihai:  Yes. Let’s go to the library. How is that?
   Renmei:  Fine. (We’ll go to) the East Asian Library, right?
   Shihai:  Right. I’ll wait for you at the table next to the copy machine.
   Renmei:  Fine. It’s 10:20 now. We’ll meet at 11:00 at the library.
   Shihai:  See you.


初级第二十三课: 对话 她正在整理房间呢

世海 ： 喂，这是丁人美宿舍吗？
   学友 ： 是啊，你找谁？
   世海 ： 我找小丁。她在吗？ 请她接电话。
   学友 ： 请问，你是谁？
   世海 ： 我是世海。      
   学友 ： 你好，世海。我是学友。小丁正在整理房间呢。你等一等，我去叫她听电话。
   世海 ： 谢谢。
   人美 ： 喂，世海，你好。今天怎麽有空给我打电话？你现在在哪儿？
   世海 ： 我在学生中心。
   人美 ： 正在那儿休息吗？
   世海 ： 没有。我正在写一篇关於中国的报告。想问你几个问题，好吗？
   人美 ： 没问题，可是我现在正在整理房间，一会儿才有空。
   世海 ： 没关系。一会儿，你来这儿，还是我去你那儿？
   人美 ： 学生中心太吵了。来我这儿吧。
   世海 ： 你那儿有中国地图吗？   
   人美 ： 没有。怎麽，你要用中国地图？
   世海 ： 是的。我们去图书馆，怎麽样？
   人美 ： 行。东亚图书馆，对吗？
   世海 ： 对。我在复印机旁边的那张桌子等你。
   人美 ： 行。现在十点二十分。我们十一点在图书馆见。
   世海 ： 再见。
  

初級第二十三課: 對話 她正在整理房間呢


世海 ﹕ 喂，這是丁人美宿舍嗎？
   學友 ﹕ 是啊，你找誰？
   世海 ﹕ 我找小丁。她在嗎？ 請她接電話。
   學友 ﹕ 請問，你是誰？
   世海 ﹕ 我是世海。      
   學友 ﹕ 你好，世海。我是學友。小丁正在整理房間呢。你等一等，我去叫她聽電話。
   世海 ﹕ 謝謝。
   人美 ﹕ 喂，世海，你好。今天怎麼有空給我打電話？你現在在哪兒？
   世海 ﹕ 我在學生中心。
   人美 ﹕ 正在那兒休息嗎？
   世海 ﹕ 沒有。我正在寫一篇關於中國的報告。想問你幾個問題，好嗎？
   人美 ﹕ 沒問題，可是我現在正在整理房間，一會兒才有空。
   世海 ﹕ 沒關係。一會兒，你來這兒，還是我去你那兒？
   人美 ﹕ 學生中心太吵了。來我這兒吧。
   世海 ﹕ 你那兒有中國地圖嗎？   
   人美 ﹕ 沒有。怎麼，你要用中國地圖？
   世海 ﹕ 是的。我們去圖書館，怎麼樣？
   人美 ﹕ 行。東亞圖書館，對嗎？
   世海 ﹕ 對。我在復印機旁邊的那張桌子等你。
   人美 ﹕ 行。現在十點二十分。我們十一點在圖書館見。
   世海 ﹕ 再見。
  



Chūjí Dì èrshísān Kè: Duìhuà

 
Tā Zhèngzài Zhĕnglĭ Fángjiān ne


Tā Zhèngzài Zhĕnglĭ Fángjiān ne 


   Shìhăi:  Wéi, zhè shì Dīng Rénmĕi de sùshè ma?
   Xuéyou:  Shì a, nĭ zhăo shéi?	
   Shìhăi:  Wŏ zhăo xiăo Dīng. Tā zài ma? Qĭng tā jiē diànhuà
   Xuéyŏu:  Qĭng wèn, nĭ shì shéi?
   Shìhăi:  Wŏ shì Shìhăi.
   Xuéyŏu:  Nĭ hăo, Shìhăi. Wŏ shì Xuéyŏu. Xiăo Ding zhèngzài zhĕnglĭ
            fángjiān ne. Nĭ dĕng yì dĕng. Wŏ qù jiào tā tīng diànhuà.
   Shìhăi:  Xièxie.
   Rénmĕi:  Wéi, Shìhăi, nĭ hăo. Jīntiān zĕnme yŏu kòng gĕi wŏ dă
            diànhuà? Nĭ xiànzài zài năr?
   Shìhăi:  Wŏ zài xuéshēng zhōngxīn.
   Rénmĕi:  Zhèngzài nàr xiūxi ma?
   Shìhăi:  Méiyŏu. Wŏ zhèngzài xiĕ yìpiān guānyú Zhōngguó de bàogào. 
            Xiăng wèn nĭ jĭgè wèntí hăo ma?
   Rénmĕi:  Méi wèntí kĕshì wŏ xiànzài zhèngzài zhĕnglĭ fángjiān, yìhuĭr 
            cái yŏu kòng.
   Shìhăi:  Méi guānxì Yìhuĭr, nĭ lái zhèr, hái shì wŏ qù nĭ nàr?
   Rénmĕi:  Xuéshēng zhōngxīn tài chăo le. Lái wŏ zhèr ba.
   Shìhăi:  Nĭ nàr yŏu zhōngguó dìtú ma?
   Rénmĕi:  Méiyŏu. Zĕnme, nĭ yào yòng Zhōngguó dìtú
   Shìhăi:  Shìde. Wŏmen qù túshūguăn, zĕnmeyàng?
   Rénmĕi:  Xíng. Dōngyà túshūguăn, duì ma?
   Shìhăi:  Duì. Wŏ zài f`ùyìnjī pángbiān de nà zhāng zhuōzi dĕng nĭ
   Rénmĕi:  Xíng. Xiànzài shí diăn èrshí fēn. Wŏmen shíyīdiăn zài     
            túshūguăn jiàn.
   Shìhăi:  Zàijiàn.



Lesson Twenty Three: Article Shanghai is to the Southeast of Peking



When Renmei Ding arrived at the library, Shihai was reading a newspaper.
She asked Shihai:“ What newspaper are you reading?” Shihai said:“I’m reading 
[The World Journal]. Look, here there is a piece of news about the American 
president visiting Peking University. There is also a photo of him answering 
Beida Students’ questions. ( It ) is very interesting.”

Renmei Ding said:“ Yes. These days there is a lot of news about the president’s 
delegation visiting China. (It) is in the papers,  on TV, on the internet. You 
intend to write a report on China, ( and ) you shouldn’t be lack of materials, 
right?”

	“No, no. I only want to ask you  a few geographical questions. OK?” 
	“Sure. Hope I can answer your questions.”
	“This is Peking. Where is Shanghai?”
	“ Shanghai is to the Southeast of Peking. ( It ) is in the Southeast of 
	 China. Look, ( it ) is right here.”
	“Why did you say: ‘Shanghai zai Beijing de dongnan bian, zai Zhonguo de 
	 dongnan bu’? Why is one ‘bian’, and the other ‘bu’ ?”
	“Administratively Shanghai is a part of China; geographically  Shanghai 
	is situated IN the Southeast China, therefore we say:‘ Shanghai zai 
	Zhongguo de dongnan bu,”  Geographically Shanghai is located TO the 
	Southeast of  Peking, but administratively Shanghai IS NOT a part of 
	Peking, so we say: ‘Shanghai zai Beijing de dongnan bian.’ Understand?”
	“No.”
	“ Let me give you an example. Is Washington a part of the States?”
	“Yes.”
	“Geographically Washington is located in the States’….”
	“East.”
	“Then, we say: ‘Huashengdun zai Miguo de dongbu.’ Administratively, is 
	Washington a part of New York?”
	“Of course not.”
	“But geographically Washington is situated to the South of New York. Then, 
	we say: ‘Huashengdun zai Niuyue de nanbian.’”
	 “I think I understand now. In this way, Xianggang zai Zhongguo de nanbu 
	 ( Hong Kong is in the South of China), Xiangang zai Guangdong de nanbian 
	 ( Hong Kong is to the South of Canton), correct?”
	“Very well.”
	“I have another question. This is a map of China. This is also a map of 
	China. Why are not the two maps the same?”
	“The big map is China before 1949, the small map is China after 1949.”
	“Why is the China before 1949 big, (while) the China after 1949 small?”
	“This problem is quite complicated. We will talk ( about it ) again later.”


初级第二十三课: 短文 上海在北京的东南边


丁人美到图书馆的时候，世海正在看报。她问世海："你在看什麽报？" 世海说：
"我正在看《世界日报》。你看，这儿有一条美国总统访问北京大学的新闻，还有他
回答北大学生问题的照片，很有意思。" 

丁人美说："是的。这两天关於总统代表团访问中国的新闻很多。报 纸上有，电
视上有，网络上也有。你要写关於中国的报告，应该不缺资料吧？！" 
"不缺，不缺。我只想问你几个地理问题，行吗？" 
"行。希望我能回答你的问题。" "这是北京，上海在哪儿呢？" 
"上海在北京的东南边，在中国的东南部。看,就在这儿。" 
"为什麽你说'上海在北京的东 南边，在中国的东南部'呢？为什麽 一个是'边'，
一个是'部'呢？" 
"因为行政上上海是中国的一部分，地理上上海位於中国的东南，所以我们说：' 
上海在中国的东南部。'地理上上海位於北京的东南，可是行政上上海不是北京的
一部分，所以我们说："上海在北京的东南边。'懂吗？" 
"不懂。" 
"给你举个例子吧，华盛顿是美国的一部分吗？"
"是。" 
"地理上华盛顿位於美国的..." 
"东边。" 
""那麽，我们说：'华盛顿在美国的东部。' 行政上，华盛顿是纽约的一部分吗？"
"当然不是。" 
"可是，地理上华盛顿位於纽约的南边。那麽，我们说：'华盛顿在纽约的南边。' "
"我想我明白了。这麽说，香港在中国的南部，在上海的南边，对吗？" 
"很对。" 
"我还有一个问题。这是一张中国地图，这也是一张地图。两张地图为什麽 不一
样呢？" 
"大的地图是1949年以前的中国，小的地图是1949年以後的中国。" 
"为什麽1949年以前的中国大，1949年以後的中国小呢 ？" 
"这个问题很复杂。我们以後再说吧。"



初級第二十三課: 短文 上海在北京的東南邊

丁人美到圖書館的時候，世海正在看報。她問世海﹕"你在看什麼報？" 世海說﹕
"我正在看《世界日報》。你看，這兒有一條美國總統訪問北京大學的新聞，還有他
回答北大學生問題的照片，很有意思。" 

丁人美說﹕"是的。這兩天關於總統代表團訪問中國的新聞很多。報 紙上有，電
視上有，網絡上也有。你要寫關於中國的報告，應該不缺資料吧？！" 
"不缺，不缺。我只想問你幾個地理問題，行嗎？" 
"行。希望我能回答你的問題。" "這是北京，上海在哪兒呢？" 
"上海在北京的東南邊，在中國的東南部。看,就在這兒。" 
"為什麼你說'上海在北京的東 南邊，在中國的東南部'呢？為什麼 一個是'邊'，
一個是'部'呢？" 
"因為行政上上海是中國的一部分，地理上上海位於中國的東南，所以我們說﹕' 
上海在中國的東南部。'地理上上海位於北京的東南，可是行政上上海不是北京的
一部分，所以我們說﹕"上海在北京的東南邊。'懂嗎？" 
"不懂。" 
"給你舉個例子吧，華盛頓是美國的一部分嗎？"
"是。" 
"地理上華盛頓位於美國的..." 
"東邊。" 
""那麼，我們說﹕'華盛頓在美國的東部。' 行政上，華盛頓是紐約的一部分嗎？"
"當然不是。" 
"可是，地理上華盛頓位於紐約的南邊。那麼，我們說﹕'華盛頓在紐約的南邊。' "
"我想我明白了。這麼說，香港在中國的南部，在上海的南邊，對嗎？" 
"很對。" 
"我還有一個問題。這是一張中國地圖，這也是一張地圖。兩張地圖為什麼 不一
樣呢？" 
"大的地圖是1949年以前的中國，小的地圖是1949年以後的中國。" 
"為什麼1949年以前的中國大，1949年以後的中國小呢 ？" 
"這個問題很複雜。我們以後再說吧。"


Chūjí Dì èrshísān Kè: Duǎnwén

 
Shànghăi zài Bĕijīng de dōngnán biān


Shànghăi zài Bĕijīng de dōngnán biān


Dīng Rénmĕi dào túshūguăn de shíhòu, Shìhăi zhèngzài kàn bào. Tā wèn Shìhăi:
¡§Nĭ zài kàn shénme?¡¨ Shìhăi shuō¡§Wŏ zhèngzài kàn [Shìjiè Rìbào]. Nĭ kàn, zhèr yŏu yìtiáo
Mĕiguó zŏngtŏng făngwèn Bĕijīng dàxué de xīnwén, hái yŏu tā huídá bĕidà xuéshēng wèntí
de zhàopiàn. Hĕn yŏu yìsi.¡¨


Dīng Rénmĕi shuō¡§Shìde, zhè liăngtiān guānyú zŏngtŏng dàibiăotuán făngwèn Zhōngguó de xīnwén 
hĕn duō bàozhĭ shàng yŏu, diànshì shàng yŏu, wăngluò shàng yĕ yŏu. Nĭ yào xiĕ guānyú Zhōngguó 
de bàogào, yīnggāi bù quē zīliào ba?!¡¨
¡§Bù quē bù quē. Wŏ zhĭ xiăng wèn nĭ jĭgè dìlĭ wèntí xíng ma?¡¨
¡§Xíng. Xīwàng wŏ néng huídá nĭde wèntí.¡¨
¡§Zhè shì Bĕijīng, Shànghăi zài năr ne?¡¨
¡§Shànghăi zài Bĕijīng de dōngnán biān, zài Zhōnguó de dōngnán bù. Kàn, jiù zài zhèr.¡¨
¡§Wèishénme nĭ shuō¡¥Shànghăi zài bĕijīng de dōngnán biān, zài Zhōngguó de dōngnán bù¡¦ne? 
wèishénme yígè shì¡¥biān¡¦, yígè shì¡¥bù¡¦ne?¡¨
¡§Yīnwèi xíngzhèng shàng Shànghăi shì Zhōngguó de yí bùfèn, dìlĭ shàng Shànghăi
wèiyú Zhōngguó de dōngnán, suŏyĭ wŏmen shuō¡¥Shànghăi zài Zhōnguó de dōngnán bù.¡¨ Dìlĭ shàng 
Shànghăi wèiyú Bĕijīng de dōng nán, kĕshì xíngzhèng shàng Shànghăi bú shì Bĕijīng de yī bùfèn, 
suŏyĭ wŏmen shuō ¡¥Shànghăi zài bĕijīng de dōngnán biān.¡¦ Dŏng ma?¡¨
¡§Bù dŏng.¡¨
¡§Gĕi nĭ jŭ gè lìzi ba, Huáshèngdùn shì Mĕiguó de yí bùfèn ma?
¡§Shì.¡¨
¡§Dìlĭ shàng Huáshèngdùn wèi yú Mĕiguó de?¡¨
¡§Dōngbiān.¡¨
¡§Nàme, wŏmen shuō¡¥Huáshèngdùn zài Mĕiguó de dōngbù¡¦ Xíngzhèng shàng,
Huáshèngdùn shì Niŭyuē de yí bùfèn ma?¡¨
¡§Dāngrán bú shì.¡¨
¡§Kĕshì dìlĭ shàng Huáshèngdùn wèiyú Niŭyuē de nánbiān. Nàme, wŏmen shuō
¡¥Huáshèngdùn zài Niŭyuē de nánbiān."
¡§Wŏ xiăng wŏ míngbái le. Zhème shuō Xiānggăng zài Zhōngguó de nánbù,
zài Guăngdōng de nán biān, duì ma?
¡§Hĕn duì.¡¨
¡§Wŏ hái yŏu yígè wèntí. Zhè shì yìzhāng Zhōngguó dìtú. Zhè yĕ shì yìzhāng dìtú.
Liăngzhāng dìtú wèishénme bù yíyàng ne?¡¨
¡§Dàde dìtú shì yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭqián de Zhōngguó, xiăode dìtú shì yījiŭsìjiŭ nián 
yĭhòu de Zhōngguó.¡¨
¡§Wèishénme yījiŭsìjiŭ nían yĭqián de Zhōngguó dà, yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭhòu de Zhōngguó xiăo ne?¡¨
¡§Zhè gè wèntí hĕn fŭzá. Wŏmen yĭhòu zài shuō ba.¨




词 汇

Chinese Words  Pinyin  Part of Speech	Engl. Trans.	Examples
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
报告	bàogào	n.	report	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
复印机	fùyìnjī	n.	copy machine	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
日报	rìbào	n.	daily, journal	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
总统	zŏngtŏng	n.	president	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
新闻	xīnwén	n.	news	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
照片	zhàopiàn	n.	photo	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
网络	wăngluò	n. 	Internet	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
地理	dìlĭ	n.	geography	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
例子	lìzi	n.	example, instance	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
部分	bùfèn	n.	part, section	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
华盛顿	Huáshèngdùn	n.	Washington	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
香港	Xiānggăng	n.	Hong Kong	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
广东	Guăngdōng	n.	Canton	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
整理	zhĕnglĭ	v.	to clean, to organize, to straighten up	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
休息	xiūxi	v.	to take a break, to rest	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
访问	Făngwèn	v.	to pay a visit	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
缺	quē	v.	to lack, to be short of	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
希望	xīwàng	v.	to hope, to wish	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
懂	dŏng	v.	to understand	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
明白	mìngbai	v.	to be clear	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
位於	wèiyú	v.	to be located, to be situated	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
举	jŭ	v.	to cite, to raise	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
关於	guānyú	prep.	on, about, concerning	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
一样	yìyàng	adj.	the same, similar	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
复杂	fùzá	adj.	complicated	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
地理上	dìlĭ shàng	adv.	geographically	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
行政上	xìngzhèng shàng 	adv.	administratively	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
那麽	nàme	conj.	then, so	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
这麽说	zhème shuō	Idiomatic exp.	 in this way, according to what you say	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
过一会儿	guòyìhuĭr	adv.	later	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
东	dōng	direction word	East	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
南	nán	direction word	South	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
西	xī	direction word	West	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
北	bĕi	direction word	North	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
东南	dōngnán	direction word	Southeast 	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
西南	xīnán	direction word	Southwest	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
东北	dōngbĕi	direction word	Northeast	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
西北	xībĕi	direction word	Northwest	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]
部	bù	suffix	(sector)	23	Rudgers	[sound:##]




语 法


1. The suffix 部 :
Like other suffixes such as 边，面，  部 is often used in conjunction with direction words. For example:
东部
西部
东北部
西南部
外部
里部
中部
前部
後部
The difference between suffixes 边/面  and  部 is that Direction word + 部 talks about the intrinsic part of a whole, 
while Direction word +  边/面  concern with only the locality. For example:

中国的北部/中国的北面		in the North of China / to the North of China
这张椅子的上部/这张椅子的上边	the upper part of the chair / on (above) the chair
车的外部/车的外边		the exterior of the car / outside the car


2. The prepositional phrase 关於....:
The prepositional phrase 关於....is often used as attributive to modify a noun or verb phrase. For example:

关於怎麽学习中文这个问题		the question of how to learn Chines
我们明天谈关於学习中文这个问题。	We’ll tall about the question of how to 
					learn Chinese tomorrow. 

关於美国经济的报告		the report about the American Economy
他的关於美国经济的报告真好。	His report on the American Economy is 
				really good.

关於中国的新闻		the news concerning China
这两天关於中国的新闻很多。		There are many news concerning China     
                         		this couple of days.




3. The question word  几     in a statement:

The question word 几 can also be used in statements as a small indefinite number. 
When it is used in a positive statement, it means “a  few, some”. 
When it is used in a negative statement, it means “few, not many”. For example:

我有几个中国朋友。	I have a few Chinese friends.
我没有几个朋友。	I don’t have many friends ( I have few friends).
明天请他做几个法国菜。	Tomorrow ( I ) will ask him to make some French dishes.
他写的几个字真漂亮。	The few characters he wrote are quite beautiful.
我没有几本汉英词典。	I don’t have many Chinese-English dictionaries.
昨天没有几个人来参加他的生日晚会。	Yesterday there were not many people who came to his birthday party. 






4. 真  vs.  很:
Both  真  (really) and  很 (very) can be used to modify adjectives. But  真  usually appears in exclamatory
sentences to convey the speaker’s strong feelings and emotions such as approval, disapproval,
while  很   often works in statements or in descriptive sentences when the speaker wants to express
his/her “objective” or more neutral comments. 
很 is also necessary when no other adjectives are used in a statement (but not a question) and the speaker
does not wish to imply comparison or contrast. 
Compare: 这个很大。 (This one is big.) 这个大，那个不大。(This one is bigger. That one is not (so) big.)



5. The adverb 才:
The adverb  才   indicates that an action happens later than expected. For example:
  
电影是六点半的，可是他们六点五十分才到。
It was a six thirty movie, but they did not arrive until six fifty.

我1989年才来美国。
I did not come to the United States until 1989.

昨天晚上他两点才回家。妈妈当然很不高兴。
Last night he did not come home until two o’clock. Mom of course was not happy.

他明天才来。		He is not coming until tomorrow.

Note that in this pattern, as with most adverbs, the position of 才 is before the verb but after the time expression: 

Subject 	Time expression           才		Verb    (phrase) 
妹妹                昨天              	  才            去       上课。
               
And the correspondent pattern in English is “not...until”. 
(Note that the English equivalent has a negative word, but the Chinese does not.)


6. The conjunction 那麽:
              
The conjunction 那麽  (then)  is close to the English conjunction “since...( then )...,  then”:

今天你请我吃饭，那麽下次我请你。
Today you invited me to dinner ( you treated me), then next time I’ll invite you ( next time it will be my treat).

你爸爸姓张，那麽你一定也姓张。
Since your dad’s last name is Zhang, (then) yours surely is also Zhang.

你说星期三你都有空，那麽每个星期三我都来找你玩。
You say that you have time on all Wednesdays , then I will come to look for you and play every Wednesday.

In daily conversations, 那麽  can function as cohesive device, and  is often simplified as 那. For example:

甲：今天我很忙，有很多作业。             A: Today I’m quite busy. ( I ) have a lot of homework.
乙：那我们走，不吵你。	             	 B: Then we’ll leave. ( We) won’t bother you.

甲：我不喜欢看电视。	                 A: I don’t like watching TV.
乙：那我们玩电脑，怎么样？	         B: Then, let’s play on the computers. How is that?


7. The pattern  (跟/和)....(不)一样: 
The Chinese pattern for expressing similarity or dissimilarity as a result of comparison is :

(跟/和)....(不)一样                 

这两本汉语书一样吗？
Are these two books the same?
这壶茶跟那壶茶一样。
This pot of tea is the same as that one. 
我喜欢的东西和我妈妈喜欢的东西不太一样。
The things I like and the thing my mom likes are not quite the same.
这个字跟那个字一样不一样？
Are this character and that character the same?
昨天的新闻跟今天的新闻当然不一样。
Yesterday’s news is not the same as today’s of course.

You can also put an adjective after 一样  to refer to the aspect or quality being compared:

 (跟/和)....(不)一样      adj.

老张的女儿跟我的儿子一样大。
Old Zhang’s daughter is as old as my son.
美国车跟日本车一样贵。
American cars are as expensive as Japanese cars. 
他说的汉语跟你老师说的汉语一样漂亮吗？
Is the Chinese he speaks as beautiful as that the teacher speaks?
( Is his Chinese as beautiful as that of the teacher’s? )

这个房间跟那个房间不一样大。
This room and that room are not the same size.

Note that the negation of this pattern can not be translated into English as: “?not so as”. 
For it only expresses that the two things under comparison are not the same.  Some more examples:

 哥哥和弟弟不一样高。	The older brother and the younger brother are not the same height.

 这条裙子跟那条不一样长。	This skirt and that skirt are not the same length.



8.  The expression 这麽说  as a cohesive device:
The expression 这麽说    (“ in this way”, “so according to what you say”) can functions as a 
cohesive device in a dialogue. For example:

甲： 明天我没空。上午有课。下午我得去银行工作。
乙：这麽说，明天你不去纽约，对吗？
A:  Tomorrow I have no time. ( I ) have class in the morning. In the afternoon I have to go the bank   
    to work.
B: So, you won’t go to New York tomorrow, right?


甲：我们家天天吃中国饭。我妈妈做的中国饭真好吃。她还教我怎麽做。
乙：这麽说，你做的中国饭一定也不错。这个星期六晚上，你做饭，怎么样？
A:  My family eats Chinese food every day. The Chinese food my mom makes is delicious. She also 
    teaches me how to make (Chinese food).
B:  So, the Chinese food you make must be good, too. This Saturday night you cook, how is that?

9。 The progressive aspect of an action:
To indicate the progressive aspect of an action, we can use adverbs 正 , 在  , or  正在  right before the 
verb and the particle 呢 at the end of the sentence. The basic pattern is:

Subject	Adverb	Verb/v. phrase	Particle	English  translation	
弟弟	在	打电话		呢		Younger brother is making a phone call.	
她	正在	吃饭		呢		She is having dinner.	
谁	正	看电视		呢		Who is watching TV?	

Points that merit attention:
1.In this pattern, the adverbs 正 ,在 , 正在   and the particle 呢 can either be used by themselves or in
combination . For instance:
他看报呢。		He is reading newspaper.
爸爸正在写汉字。	Daddy is writing Chinese characters.
小丁正玩电脑呢。	Ding is playing on computer.

2.This pattern can work with specific time expressions. In the sentence, the position of the time expression 
can be before or right after the subject. For example: 
我昨天下午三点正睡觉呢。	    Three o’clock yesterday afternoon I was sleeping.
你做饭的时候，我在整理房间。        I was cleaning the room while you cooked.

3.When the verb in the sentence is modified by a prepositional phrase, adverbs 在 ,正 , 正在  should go 
before the prepositional phrase. For example:
我起床的时候，妈妈正在她的房间里看书。
When I got up, mom was reading in her room.
昨天上午妈妈来的时候，你在作什麽？我正给我男朋友打电话呢。   
Yesterday when mom came, what were you doing? I was talking to my boy friend on the phone.

4.The negation of this pattern is 没  (有)  在 . For example:
小丁在看书吗？ 她没在看书。她正看电视呢。
Is Ding reading?  She is not reading. She is watching TV.

The short form of negative answer is 没有 :
王老师现在在上课吗？ 没有。 他在语言实验室听录音呢。
Is Teacher Wang teaching now? No. He is listening to the tape in the language lab.




语 型


Speech Patterns:

1.The suffix 部 vs.  边/面:

1。你知道纽泽西在美国的东部还是西部？纽泽西不在美国的东部，也不在美国的西部，在
   美国的东北部。
2。法国在英国的南边吗？我不知道。我们看地图吧。
3。我妈妈不喜欢这辆车的内部。可是我不听她的。车的内部漂亮不漂亮没关系。 你说，对
   吗？
4。我哥哥很喜欢美国西部的电影。他每个月都要看一场。
5。我家在中国的东南部。 你家呢？我家在台南。 台南在台湾的南部。那麽，这麽说，台北
   一定在台湾的北部，台南的北边， 对吗？
6。这个房子的外部很漂亮，内 部也不错。房子的前边有一个花园，东边有一个公共健身
   房。离商店 也不远，很方便。你为什麽不买呢？




1.Nĭ zhīdao Niŭzéxī zài Mĕiguó de dōngbù hái shì xībù? Niŭzéxī bú zài Mĕiguó de dōngbù,
  yĕ bú zài Mĕiguó de xībù, zài Mĕiguó de dōngbĕi bù.
2.Făguó zài Yīngguó de nánbiānr ma? Wŏ bù zhīdao. Wŏmen kàn dìtú ba.
3.Wŏ māma bù xĭhuan zhè liàng chē de nèibù. Kĕshì wŏ bù tīng tā de. Chē de nèibù piàoliang
  bú piàoliang méi yŏu guānxì. Nĭ shuō duì ba?
4.Wŏ gēge hĕn xĭhuan Mĕiguó xībù de diànyĭng. Tā mĕi gè yuè dōu yào kàn yì chăng.
5.Wŏ jiā zài Zhōngguó de dōngnán bù. Nĭ jiā ne? Wŏ jiā zài Táinán. Táinán zài Táiwan 
 de nánbù. Nàme, zhème shuō. Táibĕi yídìng zài Táiwan de bĕibù, Táinán de bĕibiān, duì ma?
6.Zhè ge fángzi de wàibù hĕn piàoliang, nèibù yĕ búcuò. Fángzi de qiánbiān yŏu yí ge huāyuán, 
  dōngbiān yŏu yí ge gōnggòng jiànshēnfáng. Lì shāngdiàn yĕ bù yuăn, hĕn fāngbiàn. Nĭ wèishénme bù măi ne?




1.Do you know whether New Jersey is in the East or in the West of the States? 
   New Jersey never is in the East nor is it in the West of the States. (It) is in the Northeast of the States.
2.Is France to the south of England? I don’t know. Let’s look at the map.
3.My mom doesn’t like the interior of this car. I did not listen to her opinion. 
   It doesn’t matter whether the interior is pretty or not. Do you agree( Do you say am I right)?
4.My older brother likes very much American Western movies. Every month he wants to see one.
5.My family is in the Southeast of China? And yours? My family is in Tainan. Tainan is in the South of Taiwan. 
   So, according to what you said, Taibei must be in the North of Taiwan, (and ) to the North of Tainan, right?
6.The exterior of this house is nice, (and ) the interior is not  bad either. There is a garden in front of the house, 
   (and) to the east of the house there is a public gym.  Also, (it) is not far from the store. (It) is very convenient. 
   Why didn’t you buy the house?


2.    The prepositional phrase 关於:

1。他写的这个关於中国经济问题的报告，怎麽样？不错。他举的例子都很有意思。
2。老师，明天下午三点你有空吗？ 有。什麽事儿?我想问你几个关於欧洲地理的问题。
3。这几天我常常看电视。为什麽呢？因为电视上有很多关於中国的新闻。
4。关於这件事儿，我们以後再谈吧。

1.Tā xiĕ de zhè ge guānyú Zhōngguó jīngjì wèntì de bàogào, zĕnmeyàng? Búcuò. Tā jŭ de lìzi dōu hĕn yŏu yìsi.
2.Lăoshī, mìngtiān xiàwŭ sān diăn nĭ yŏu kòng ma? Yŏu. Shénme shìr? Wŏ xiăng wèn nĭ jĭ ge guānyú ōuzhōu dìlĭ de wèntì.
3.Zhè jĭ tiān wŏ chángcháng kàn diànshì. Wèishénme ne? Yīnwèi diànshì shàng yŏu hĕn duō guānyú Zhōngguó de xīnwén.
4.Guānyú zhèjiàn shìr, wŏmen yĭhòu zài tán ba.

1.What do you think of the report he wrote about the problems of China’s economy? Not bad. The examples he 
  cited are all very interesting.
2.Teacher, do you have time at three tomorrow afternoon? Yes. What is it about (what is the matter)? I want to 
  ask you a few questions about the geography of Europe.
3.These days I watch TV quite often. Why? Because there is quite a lot of news about China on TV.
4.About this matter, let’s talk about it again later.


3.The question word  几 in a statement: 

1。我有几本汉语语法书。你要借吗？
2。他说他没有几个钱，所以每天都去学院的食堂工作。
3。我妹妹就认识几个汉字，可是她说她的中文很好。
4。明天你和妈妈去唐人街买什麽？我不知道妈妈要买什麽。我想买几张中国音乐光碟。

1.Wŏ yŏu jĭ bĕn Hànyŭ yŭfă shū. Nĭ yào jiè ma?
2.Tā shuō tā méiyŏu jĭ ge qián, suŏyĭ mĕitiān dōu dĕi qù xuéyuàn de shìtáng gōngzuò.
3.Wŏ mèimei jiù rènshi jĭ ge Hànzì, kĕshì tā shuō tā de Zhōngwén hĕn hăo.
4.Mìngtiān nĭ hé māma qù Tángrén jiē măi shénme? Wŏ bù zhīdao māma yào măi shénme.
Wŏ xiăng măi jĭ zhāng Zhōngguó yīnyuè guāngdié.

1.I have a couple of Chinese grammar books. Do you want to borrow them?
2.He said he didn’t have too much money. So he had to go to work in the college dining hall everyday.
3.My younger sister only knows a few Chinese words, but she says her Chinese is good.
4.What will you and Mom go to Chinatown tomorrow to buy? I don’t know what Mom wants to buy. I 
   want to buy a few Chinese music CD.


4. The adverb 才:

1。我十六岁才学英文。所以我的英文不好。请你帮助我，好吗？
2。我明天下午才有空儿。你自己去纽约，好吗？
3。一个星期以前我才听说你姐姐去台湾学中文。她好吗？
4。每天你几点起床？我上午九点起床。九点才起床。太晚了。
5。他这个人真有意思。我告诉他晚会是七点的。可是他现在才来。

1.Wŏ shìliù suì cái xué yīngwén. Suŏyĭ wŏde yīngwén bù hăo. Qĭng nĭ bāngzhù wŏ hăo ma?
2.Wŏ mìngtiān xiàwŭ cái yŏu kòngr. Nĭ zìjĭ qù Niŭyuē hăo ma?
3.Yí ge xīngqī yĭqiān wŏ cái tīngshuō nĭ jiĕjie qù Tāiwān xué Zhōngwén. Tā hăo ma?
4.Mĕitiān nĭ jĭ diăn qĭ chuáng? Wŏ shàngwŭ jiŭ diăn qĭ chuáng. Jiŭ diăn cái qĭ chuáng. Tài wăn le.
5.Tā zhè ge rén zhēn yŏu yìsi. Wŏ gàosu tā wănhuì shì qī diăn de. Kĕshì tā xiànzài cái lái.


1.I didn’t study English until (I was ) sixteen, that’s why my English is not good. Would you help me?
2.I won’t have time until tomorrow afternoon. You go to New York yourself. OK?
3.I was not told that your sister went to Taiwan to study Chinese until a week ago. How is she doing?
4.When do you get up everyday? I got up at nine in the morning. (You don’t) get up till nine. (That) is too late.
5.This guy he is really funny. I told him the party was seven o’clock. But he did not show up until now.



5.   The pattern  (跟/和)....(不)一样:

1。新总统跟旧总统不一样。新总统年轻，喜欢上网路，不喜欢看电视。
2。美国南部人说的英语为什麽跟美国北部人说的英语不太一样呢？这个问题很复杂。我们明天上课的时候谈，好吗？
3。你说这两条裙子一样吗？我觉得不一样。蓝的这条大，绿的这条小。可是两条裙子一
   样长啊！
4。1949年以前的中国和1949年以後的中国一样吗？不完全一样。你怎麽知道？我们学的
   课文说 以前的中国跟现在的中国不一样大。地理上两个中国不一样  ,那麽，行政上两个
   中国一样吗？这个问题不好回答。


1.Xīn zŏngtŏng gēn jiù zŏngtŏng bù yìyàng. Xīn zŏngtŏng niánqīng, xĭhuan shàng wănglù, bù xĭhuan kàn diànshì.
2.Mĕiguó nánbù rén shuō de Yīngyŭ wèishénme gēn Mĕiguó bĕibù rén shuō de bù tài yìyàng ne? Zhè ge wèntì hĕn fùzá.
  Wŏmen mìngtiān shàngkè de shìhòu tán, hăo ma?
3.Nĭ shuō zhè liăng tiáo qúnzi yīyàng ma? Wŏ juéde bù yìyàng. Lán de zhè tiáo dà, lǜ de zhètiáo xiăo. Kĕshì liăng tiáo
  qúnzi yìyàng cháng a.
4.Yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭqián de Zhōngguó hé yījiŭsìjiŭ nián yĭhòu de Zhōngguó yìyàng ma? Bù wánquán yìyàng. Nĭ
  zĕnme zhīdao? Wŏmen xué de kèwén shuō yĭqián de Zhōnguó gēn xiànzài de Zhōngguó bú yìyàng dà. Dìlĭ shàng liăng ge
  Zhōngguó bù yìyàng, nàme, xìngzhèng shàng liăng ge Zhōngguó yìyàng ma? Zhè ge wèntì bù hăo huìdá.

1.The new president is different from the old one. The new president is young. (He) likes to go on the internet, 
  (and he) does not like to watch TV.
2.Why is the English spoken by the people from the South of the United States  not  quite the same as that spoken 
  by the people from the North of the United States? This question is quite complicated. We will talk about (it) 
  during the class, OK?
3.Do you think these two skirts are the same? I don’t think (they) are the same. The blue one is big, (and) the 
  green on is small. But the two skirts are the same length!
4.Is China before 1949 the same as the one after 1949? (It) is not totally the same.  How do you know? The text 
  we learn says that China before and China now are not the same size. Geographically, the two Chinas are not the 
  same. Then, administratively, are the two Chinas the same? This question is not easy to answer.
 


6. The progressive aspect of an action:

1。请问，小王在吗？他正在写报告呢。 你有事吗？我想问他几个问题。可是，他现在正
   忙，我一会儿找他。
2。你知道那个在听录音的孩子是谁家的孩子？我想是老张家的吧。
3。人美，你忙什麽呢？我在整理桌子。你在整理哪张桌子？门对面的那张。
4。世海，我用一下你的英汉词典，好吗？对不起，我正用呢。
5。昨天我来的时候，他们正在作作业。我走的时候，他们还在作作业。
6。大哥，你在听什麽？我在听新闻。这两天你总是在听新闻。为什麽呢？这两天，美国
   总统来这儿访问。有意思的新闻不少，所以，我总是在听新闻。
7。妈妈，你在休息吗？没有，我在看你姐姐在广东照的那些照片呢。现在的广东跟三年
   前我们 去的那个广东很不一样。真有意思。你也来看看，好吗？对不起，妈妈，我没
   空儿。我正在背今天 老师教的生词呢。




1.Qĭngwèn, Xiăo Wáng zài ma? Tā zhèngzài xiĕ bàogào ne. Nĭ yŏu shì ma? Wŏ xiăng wèn tā jĭ ge wèntì  Kĕshì tā xiànzài
  zhèng máng, wŏ yìhuĭr zhăo tā.
2.Nĭ zhīdao nà ge zài tīng lùyīn de háizi shì shéi jiā de háizi? Wŏ xiăng shì lăo Zhāng jiā de ba.
3.Rénmĕi, nĭ máng shénme ne? Wŏ zài zhĕnglĭ zhuōzi. Nĭ zài zhĕnglĭ nă zhāng zhuōzi? Mén duìmiàn de nà zhāng.
4.Shìhăi, wŏ yòng yìxià nĭ de Hàn-Yīng cìdiăn, hăo ma? Duìbùqĭ, wŏ zhèng yòng ne.
5.Zuótiān wŏ lái de shìhòu, tāmen zhèngzài zuò zuòyè. Wŏ zŏu de shìhòu, tāmen hái zài zuò zuòyè.
6.Dàgē, nĭ zài tīng shénme? Wŏ zài tīng xīnwén. Zhè liăng tiān nĭ zŏngshì zài tīng xīnwén. Wèishénme ne? Zhè liăng tiān,
  Mĕiguó zŏngtŏng lái zhèr făngwèn. Yŏu yìsi de xīnwén bù shăo, suŏyĭ wŏ zŏngshì zài tīng xīnwén.
7.Māma, nĭ zài xiūxi ma? Méiyŏu, wŏ zài kàn nĭ jiĕjie zài Guăngdōng zhào de nàxiē zhàopiàn ne. Xiànzài de Guăngdōng
  gēn sān nián qián wŏmen qù de nà ge Guăngdōng hĕn bú yìyàng. Zhēn yŏu yìsi. Nĭ yĕ lái kànkan, hăo ma? Duìbùqĭ, māma,
  wŏ méi kòngr. Wŏ zhèngzài bèi jīntiān lăoshī jiāo de shēng cì ne.



1.Excuse me, is Wang in? He is writing a report. What’s the matter? I want to ask him a few 
  questions. But, he is busy now. I’ll come back (look for him) later.
2.Do you know whose kid he is, the one who is listening to the tape? I think (he) is the Zhangs’.
3.Renmei, What are you busy about? I’m cleaning the table. Which table are you cleaning? The one across from the door.
4.Shihai, may I use your Chinese-English dictionary? I’m sorry, I’m using (it).
5.When I came yesterday, they were doing their homework. When I left, they were still doing their homework.
6.Big brother, what are you listening to? I’m listening to the news. These two days, you have been listening to the
  news all the time. Why? These two days, the president of the United States came here for a visit. There is quite a
  lot of interesting news. So, I’m always listening to the news.
7.Mom, are you resting? No. I’m looking at the photos your sister took in Canton. Nowadays’ Canton is quite 
  different from the one we visited three years ago. (It) is really interesting.  Come and take a look, OK? Sorry,
  mom, I don’t have time. I’m memorizing the new words the teacher taught today.