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Chinese-all-day-breakfast


			
				
					
						
						
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<h2 class="western">Grammar notes</h2>
<h3 class="western"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">嗎</span></font>?</h3>
<p>One of the most common ways of forming a question in Chinese is to
add <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">嗎
</span></font></font>at the end of a statement. Hence <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你好</span></font></font>!
(Hi!) becomes <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你好嗎</span></font></font>?
(How are you?) 
</p>
<h3 class="western"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">你呢</span></font>?</h3>
<p>This is to be used to redirect the question originally addressed
to you. Its meaning is equivalent to &quot;and you?&quot; &quot;what
about you?&quot; or &quot;how about you?&quot; 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你好嗎</span></font></font>?</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		How are you? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我很好</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你呢</span></font></font>?</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I am fine, and you? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你忙嗎</span></font></font>?</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Are you busy? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我不忙</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你呢</span></font></font>?</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I am not busy, what about you? 
		</dd></dl>
</dl>
<h3 class="western">
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">很</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">也</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">都</span></font></h3>
<p>All three are adverbs, which should be placed <em>before</em> what
they modify in Chinese. E.g., <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很好</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也好</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都好</span></font></font>.
</p>
<p>Sometimes <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很
</span></font></font>is not really employed to mean &quot;very&quot;
if it is modifying a monosyllabic adjective such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">好</span></font></font>.
It is simply because to say <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我好
</span></font></font>is a bit abrupt and hence awkward with only a
monosyllabic adjective as the predicate of the sentence. Therefore
people usually add <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很
</span></font></font>before <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">好
</span></font></font>to make the sentence sound natural: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我很好
</span></font></font>in this case does not necessarily mean &quot;I
am <em>very</em> well&quot;, it may simply convey the meaning of &quot;I
am fine&quot;. 
</p>
<p><em>The order of these words:</em> If all three adverbs occur in
the same sentence, their order is <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也
</span></font></font>-- <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都
</span></font></font>-- <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很</span></font></font>:
</p>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我很好</span></font></font>.<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我也很好</span></font></font>.<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們也都很好</span></font></font>.</blockquote>
<p>N.B. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都
</span></font></font>(both/all) is only used to refer to the items to
the <em>left</em> of it. Hence it is wrong to say <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都他們很好
</span></font></font>(&quot;all of them are fine&quot;). One should
say <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們都很好</span></font></font>.
</p>
<h3 class="western"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">都不
</span></font>vs. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">不都</span></font></h3>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都不
</span></font></font>indicates a complete negation whereas <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不都
</span></font></font>shows a partial negation: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們都不忙</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		None of them is busy. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們不都忙</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Not all of them are busy. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們都不是大夫</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		None of us is a doctor. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們不都是大夫</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Not all of us are doctors.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<h3 class="western">
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></h3>
<p>As an auxiliary word, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
</span></font></font>is used to indicate possession. It comes between
the subject and the noun it modifies: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我的書</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我媽媽的車
</span></font></font>etc. 
</p>
<p>In the case of kinship or as a reference to people, however, the
possessive marker <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
</span></font></font>can be omitted. <em>Otherwise it cannot</em>. 
</p>
<blockquote>e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你弟弟
</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你的弟弟</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我爸爸
</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我的爸爸
</span></font></font>
</blockquote>
<h3 class="western"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">我很好
</span></font>-- Adjectival sentence without verb &quot;to be&quot;.</h3>
<p>Unlike English, Chinese sentences can sometimes go without a verb.
In the sentence <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我很好</span></font></font>,
the adjectival phrase <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很好
</span></font></font>serves as the predicate for the sentence. No
verb &quot;to be&quot; is needed as in English (I <em>am</em> very
well). This is generally true of a sentence that has an <em>adjective</em>
as its predicate, even in negative sentences. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們很忙</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們不忙</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		They are very busy, we are not.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Notice that in other types of sentences, however, verb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
</span></font></font>should still be retained: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他是我朋友</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		He is my friend.</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我不是她的哥哥</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I am not her elder brother.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<h3 class="western">
Proper Response</h3>
<p>Study the following two dialogues: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你媽媽是大夫嗎</span></font></font>?</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Is your mother a doctor? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她是大夫</span></font></font>.</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Yes, she is a doctor.</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你媽媽忙嗎</span></font></font>?</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Is your mother busy? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">忙</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她很忙</span></font></font>.</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Yes, she is very busy.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
To respond positively to a yes/no question, we often repeat the verb
-- in the above case <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">忙
</span></font></font>respectively -- as an equivalent to the English
&quot;yes&quot; before making the statement itself. Note therefore
that the response is not always <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是</span></font></font>.
</p>
<h2 class="western">Questions with interrogative words <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">誰</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">哪</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">什麼</span></font></h2>
<p>Unlike English which has to move such interrogative words as
&quot;what&quot;, &quot;when&quot;, &quot;who&quot; etc to the
beginning of the sentence to form a question, Chinese leaves the word
order unchanged when forming questions using such interrogative words
as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">誰</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">什麼</span></font></font>,
etc: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他是我弟弟</span></font></font>.
	(He is my younger brother.)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他是誰</span></font></font>?
	(Who is he?) 
	</p>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他是我們老師</span></font></font>.
	(He is our teacher.)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">誰是你們老師</span></font></font>?
	(Who is your teacher?) 
	</p>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他是中國人</span></font></font>.
	(He is Chinese.)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他是哪國人</span></font></font>?
	(What is his nationality?) 
	</p>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這是中國地圖</span></font></font>.
	(This is a map of China.)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這是什麼地圖</span></font></font>?
	(What map is this?) 
	</p>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那是書</span></font></font>.
	(That is a book.)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那是什麼</span></font></font>?
	(What is that?) 
	</p>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這是她的車</span></font></font>.
	(This is her car.)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這是誰的車</span></font></font>?
	(Whose car is this?) 
	</p>
</ol>
<p>As is obvious, one simply replaces the relevant words, which are
what one wants to ask about, with the interrogative words to form
questions. No change of word order takes place. 
</p>
<h2 class="western">Asking a person's name</h2>
<p>There are several ways of asking a person's name, depending on who
that person is. 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">您貴姓﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p>This is a very polite way of asking someone's name, literally
	&quot;What is your honourable surname?&quot;. It is usually used to
	address one's elders or superiors, or someone of one's own age but
	to whom one wants to be polite. Notice, however, that the expression
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">貴姓
	</span></font></font>cannot be used when asking about a third
	person's name, or when referring to oneself. 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">您</span></font></font>/<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你貴姓﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	What is your name?</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我姓丁。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	My name is Ding.</dd><li><p>
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你叫什麼﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p>This is a plain form of asking a person's name. It is usually
	used to address people of one's own age or younger, or one's
	inferiors. If one wants to be a bit polite, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請問
	</span></font></font>can be added to the question: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請問﹐你叫什麼﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	May I ask, what's your name?</dd><p>
	Unlike <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">貴姓</span></font></font>,
	which is only used in the second person, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">叫什麼
	</span></font></font>can be employed for all persons: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她叫什麼﹖我們叫什麼﹖我哥哥叫什麼﹖</span></font></font>etc.
		</blockquote>
</ol>
<p>When asked <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你姓什麼﹖</span></font></font>you
are supposed to give your last name first, and then as an option you
can add your full name afterwards. But when asked <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你叫什麼﹖</span></font></font>you
can give either your given name or your full name. 
</p>
<h2 class="western">Word usage: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">學習﹐
學</span></font></h2>
<p>Both words mean &quot;to study&quot; or &quot;to learn&quot;.
Whereas <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學習
</span></font></font>can be used both transitively and
intransitively, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學
</span></font></font>is normally reserved for transitive use. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">e.g.
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我學</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">習</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">漢語﹐她學</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">習</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">法語。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I study Chinese, she studies French. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我學習﹐我弟弟不學習。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I study, my younger brother doesn't study.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
In the second sentence, the word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">習
</span></font></font>cannot be omitted. 
</p>
<h2 class="western">Grammar notes</h2>
<ol>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
	</span></font></font>(to be at/in...) functions as a verb. 
	</p>
	<p>To express the location or existence of something or somebody,
	use the following pattern: 
	</p>
	<blockquote>S + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
	</span></font></font>+ place/location word or phrase<br/>
e.g. A:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你的地圖在哪兒﹖</span></font></font><br/>
B:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我的地圖在那兒。</span></font></font><br/>
<br/>
A:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你爸爸媽媽在哪兒﹖</span></font></font><br/>
B:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們在中國。
	</span></font></font>
	</blockquote>
	<p>If the location or place is known or obvious, it can be omitted: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">古波在嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Is Gubo in [or: here]?</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他不在﹐他在學生宿舍。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	He is not here. He is at the students' dormitory.</dd><blockquote>
	</blockquote>
	<li><p>Nouns / personal pronouns + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這兒</span></font></font>/<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那兒
	</span></font></font>as place words. 
	</p>
	<blockquote>e.g. A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">地圖在哪兒﹖</span></font></font><br/>
B:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在我這兒。</span></font></font>(or
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在我那兒</span></font></font>)<br/>
<br/>
A:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你的車在哪兒﹖</span></font></font><br/>
B:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我的車在學生宿舍那兒。
	</span></font></font>
	</blockquote>
	<p>The choice of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這兒
	</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那兒
	</span></font></font>depends on the distance between the object and
	the speaker. If it is close to the speaker, use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這兒</span></font></font>;
	if not, use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那兒</span></font></font>.
		</p>
	<li><p>The word order for Chinese place words 
	</p>
	<p>Unlike English, Chinese place words start with the larger ones
	and proceed to the smaller ones. Hence the sentence &quot;She lives
	in room 423, 4th floor at the student dorm at the college&quot; will
	be <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她住學院學生宿舍四層四二三號。
	</span></font></font>Notice the exactly reverse order here, which is
	applicable to the address used when writing letters as well. 
	</p>
	<li><p>To live (stay) at a place 
	</p>
	<p>Most often one uses <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">住
	</span></font></font>to indicate that one lives or stays at a
	certain place. There are several patterns for the use of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">住</span></font></font>.
	For example, to say &quot;I live here&quot;, one can have the
	following: 
	</p>
	<blockquote>S + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">住
	</span></font></font>+ place word (<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我住這兒</span></font></font>)<br/>
S
	+ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">住在
	</span></font></font>+ place word (<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我住在這兒</span></font></font>)<br/>
S
	+ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
	</span></font></font>+ place word + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">住
	</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我在這兒住</span></font></font>)</blockquote>
	<p>All three sentences have the same meaning. 
	</p>
	<li><p>Reading numbers for phone, room, building, ID, etc 
	</p>
	<p>Unlike English, these sorts of Chinese numbers are read out digit
	by digit: 
	</p>
	<blockquote>English: # 1452 (number fourteen fifty-two)<br/>
Chinese:
	# 1452 (<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一四五二號</span></font></font>)
		</blockquote>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">The use of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">還
</span></font>(to return something to someone)</h2>
<p>When using <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還
</span></font></font>to indicate &quot;return&quot;, use the
following pattern: 
</p>
<blockquote>S + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還
</span></font></font>+ (sb.) + sth.<br/>
e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我還他畫報</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你還丁云的車。</span></font></font>(Notice
here sb. is omitted.)</blockquote>
<p>This pattern is <i>only</i> used for simple objects, i.e. the
object to be returned is not a complex one such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她媽媽的日本車</span></font></font>,
etc. Notice in the second example above, sb. is omitted because it
would be awkward to say <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你還丁云丁云的車</span></font></font>,
although grammatically it is correct. We will later learn the ways to
express something more complicated. 
</p>
<h2 class="western"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">用一下兒</span></font></h2>
<p>In this phrase, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">用
</span></font></font>is a verb which can be used both transitively
and intransitively (i.e. it can be used either with or without an
object). <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一下兒
</span></font></font>is an adverbial of time indicating &quot;a short
while, a little while&quot;. If an object is to be used for <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">用
</span></font></font>in the above phrase, it should be placed after
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一下兒</span></font></font>:
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我用一下兒你的書﹐好嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Is it all right for me to use your book for a short while? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們用一下兒你爸爸的車。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		They want to use your dad's car for a little while.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
Time Word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">現在</span></font></h2>
<p>Time words in Chinese are normally placed in one of two positions
in a sentence: <i>before</i> or <i>after</i> the subject. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">現在她去學院還書。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Now she is going to the college to return books. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她現在去學院還書。</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">常 </span></font>and
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">常常</span></font></h2>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">常
</span></font></font>in the sense of &quot;often&quot; can often be
reduplicated as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">常常
</span></font></font>without a change of meaning. Thus, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他常喝茶
</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他常常喝茶</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們常去看書
</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們常常去看書</span></font></font>.</p>
<p>In making negative sentences, however, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">常
</span></font></font>is normally <i>not</i> reduplicated. Hence
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他不常喝茶</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們不常去看書</span></font></font>.</p>
<h2 class="western">Affirmative-Negative questions</h2>
<p>An alternative way of forming a question is to juxtapose the
affirmative and negative forms of the predicative verb or adjective: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她是中國人嗎﹖</span></font></font>becomes
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她是不是中國人﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你忙嗎﹖</span></font></font>becomes
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你忙不忙﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你認識他嗎﹖</span></font></font>becomes
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你認識不認識他﹖</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<ol>
	<li><p>
	If the verb or adjective is composed of a single word, then repeat
	the single word; if two or more words, then repeat them all: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">忙不忙</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">認識不認識</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">介紹不介紹</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	If the predicative verb takes an object, it is usually only the verb
	that gets repeated, not the noun following it: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你喝不喝茶﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你去不去中國﹖</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	Sometimes if the object of the verb is not long, one can use the
	form of &quot;V + object + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不
	</span></font></font>+ V ?&quot; as well, although this is not as
	common: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你喝茶不喝茶﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她去中國不去﹖</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	As in questions with interrogative words (<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">誰</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">什麼</span></font></font>,
	etc), affirmative-negative questions do not take <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">嗎
	</span></font></font>at the end.</p>
	<li><p>If an adverb such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">常</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很
	</span></font></font>comes <i>before</i> the predicative verb or
	adjective, do not use the affirmative-negative form but use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">嗎
	</span></font></font>instead: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你們都去中國嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你們都去不去中國﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他常喝咖啡嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他常喝不喝咖啡﹖</span></font></font></dt><p>
	Notice, however, that this rule applies only when those adverbs come
	<i>before</i> the predicative verbs or adjectives. Compare:</p>
	<ol>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她很忙嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她很忙不忙﹖</span></font></font></p>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她是很好大夫嗎﹖
		她是不是很好的大夫﹖</span></font></font></p>
	</ol>
	<p>The second instance is acceptable because <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很
	</span></font></font>comes <i>after</i> the predicative verb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是</span></font></font>.</p>
	<li><p>If there is more than one verb in a sentence, usually only
	the <i>first</i> verb gets the affirmative-negative form in the
	question: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你去商店買紙嗎﹖</span></font></font>becomes
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你去不去商店買紙﹖</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們歡迎我來嗎﹖
	</span></font></font>becomes <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們歡迎不歡迎我來﹖</span></font></font></blockquote>
</ol>
<h2 class="western"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">和
</span></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">都</span></font></h2>
<p>In Chinese, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">和
</span></font></font>as a conjunction is normally used to connect two
words or phrases, <i>never</i> two clauses or sentences: 
</p>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中國和美國</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我的爸爸和媽媽</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她學習漢語和英語。</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你認識我爸爸和弟弟嗎﹖</span></font></font></blockquote>
<blockquote>but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我弟弟是學生﹐和我哥哥也是學生。</span></font></font><br/>
nor
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你學習法語﹐和我也學習法語。</span></font></font></blockquote>
<p>The adverb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都
</span></font></font>is placed between the subject and the
predicative verb or adjective. It governs only the elements <i>before</i>
it: 
</p>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們都去中國。
</span></font></font>(All of us go to China: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都
</span></font></font>modifies <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們</span></font></font>.)<br/>
but
not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都我們去中國。</span></font></font></blockquote>
<p>This is also wrong: 
</p>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我都學漢語和法語。</span></font></font></blockquote>
<p>because <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都
</span></font></font>modifies <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我
</span></font></font>and not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">漢語和法語</span></font></font>.
If &quot;both Chinese and French&quot; is intended in the above
sentence, the objects <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">漢語和法語
</span></font></font>should be placed before <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都</span></font></font>:
</p>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我漢語和法語都學。</span></font></font><br/>
or
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">漢語和法語都我學。</span></font></font></blockquote>
<h2 class="western">The verb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">有
</span></font>expressing possession and existence</h2>
<p>The verb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有
</span></font></font>in Chinese can mean both possession and
existence, like the English &quot;to have&quot; and &quot;there is&quot;
or &quot;there are&quot;: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她有漢語詞典。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		She has a Chinese dictionary. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們學院有多外國學生。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		There are a lot of foreign students in our college.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
N.B.: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>To negate <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>,
	one uses <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒
	</span></font></font>instead of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不</span></font></font>:
		</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我有哥哥﹐我沒有姐姐。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I have an elder brother, but no elder sister.</dd><li><p>
	Informally in a negative sentence, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有
	</span></font></font>can sometimes be omitted: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我朋友沒</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">書﹐也沒</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">筆。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	My friend does not have books, nor pens. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">現在我們的宿舍沒</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">人。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	There is no one in our dorm now.</dd><li><p>
	The affirmative-negative question form is &quot;... <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有沒有
	</span></font></font>... ?&quot; 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她有沒有妹妹﹖</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">呢﹐你們的宿舍有沒有人﹖</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<p>Sometimes, if the object of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有
	</span></font></font>is not long, one can use the form &quot;... <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有
	</span></font></font>+ object + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒有
	</span></font></font>?&quot; as well, although this form is not as
	common as the previous one. 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她有妹妹沒有﹖</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這宿舍有人沒有﹖</span></font></font></blockquote>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Prepositional construction with <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">在
</span></font>(in, at) and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">給
</span></font>(for, to)</h2>
<p>The object of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
</span></font></font>is often a place-word and the object of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">給
</span></font></font>is often the beneficiary of the action expressed
by the predicative verb. In Chinese, a prepositional construction
comes <i>before</i> the verb it modifies: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他在銀行工作。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		She works in a bank. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她工作在銀行。</span></font></font></dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我給你們介紹一下兒。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Let me introduce you to one another. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我介紹一下兒給你們。</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
To form a negative sentence, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不
</span></font></font>is placed <i>before</i> the prepositional
construction: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他不在銀行工作。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我不給你們介紹。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I am not going to introduce you.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Adverbs such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">常</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也
</span></font></font>are also placed <i>before</i> the prepositional
construction: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們都在
		</span></font></font>City Lit <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學院學習漢語。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		We all study Chinese at the City Lit. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你常給你媽媽信嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Do you often write to your mother? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我爸爸也常給我寫信。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		My dad also often writes to me.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
Word usage: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">想</span></font></h2>
<p>The word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想
</span></font></font>in Chinese carries various meanings: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想
	</span></font></font>+ noun/noun-phrase = to miss
	somebody/something: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">丁雲很想家。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Ding Yun misses her family very much. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我很想我的爸爸媽媽。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I miss my parents very much. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你不想你的男朋友嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Don't you miss your boyfriend? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你想不想她﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Do you miss her?</dd><li><p>
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想
	</span></font></font>+ verb/verb-phrase = to want to do something: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你想去商店嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Do you want to go to the shop? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我不想去。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I don't want to go.</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你想不想學法語﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Do you want to study French? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我也想學法語。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I also want to study French.</dd><li><p>
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想
	</span></font></font>+ clause = to think/suppose something: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我想她是中國人。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I think she is Chinese. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我想她爸爸媽媽都是大夫。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I think her parents are both doctors.</dd><p>
	N.B. to negate a sentence with <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想
	</span></font></font>in this capacity, put the negative adverb in
	the <i>subordinate clause</i>, not in the main clause as in English:
		</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我想她<i>不是</i>中國人。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I don't think she is Chinese. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我不想她是中國人。</span></font></font></dt></ol>
<p>N.B. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想
</span></font></font>as a verb can use the affirmative-negative
question form <i>only</i> in senses 1 and 2 above, not in 3. 
</p>
<h2 class="western">Word usage: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴</span></font></h2>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴
</span></font></font>means &quot;to tell&quot;. In English, the verb
&quot;tell&quot; can mean to tell somebody something, or to tell
somebody <i>to do</i> something. The Chinese verb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴
</span></font></font>can only be applied to the first of these
patterns. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她告訴我她的工作。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		She told me her work. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我告訴媽媽你是我的好朋友。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I'll tell mother you are a good friend of mine. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我告訴他給我寫信。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I told him to write to me.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Notice the element following the indirect object (i.e. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">媽媽</span></font></font>)
of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴
</span></font></font>in the first and second sentences is either a
noun, a noun-phrase or a clause, but never a verb-phrase. The last
sentence is wrong because it uses the pattern &quot;to tell somebody
to do something&quot; and hence uses a verb-phrase for its direct
object. In this case, we should use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">叫
</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請
</span></font></font>in place of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴
</span></font></font>to make a correct sentence: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我請他給我寫信。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I asked him to write to me.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
The Numbers in Chinese</h2>
<p>For Arabic numerals 0 to 10, the Chinese equivalents are: 
</p>
<blockquote>○ (or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">零</span></font></font>),
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">四</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">六</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">七</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">八</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">九</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十</span></font></font></blockquote>
<p>Further on, they are: 
</p>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十一
</span></font></font>= 11, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十二
</span></font></font>= 12, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十九
</span></font></font>= 19<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十
</span></font></font>= 20, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十一
</span></font></font>= 21, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十八
</span></font></font>= 28<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三十
</span></font></font>= 30, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">四十
</span></font></font>= 40, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">九十
</span></font></font>= 90, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">九十九
</span></font></font>= 99</blockquote>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一百
</span></font></font>= 100<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一百零一
</span></font></font>= 101, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一百十
</span></font></font>= 110, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一百十一
</span></font></font>= 111<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三百二十七
</span></font></font>= 327, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">九百零九
</span></font></font>= 909</blockquote>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一千
</span></font></font>= 1000<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一千零一
</span></font></font>= 1001, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五千零四十
</span></font></font>= 5040, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">八千七百二十五
</span></font></font>= 8725</blockquote>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一萬
</span></font></font>= 10,000<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">四萬零八百零一
</span></font></font>= 40,801</blockquote>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一億
</span></font></font>= 100,000,000 
</blockquote>
<p>N.B.: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>Numbers like 15 are written e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十五</span></font></font>,
	not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一十五</span></font></font>.</p>
	<li><p>A zero is pronounced or written when sandwiched by two
	digits: 101 is <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一百零一</span></font></font>,
	and 3020 is <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三千零二十</span></font></font>.
	Notice the last zero in 3020 is <i>not</i> pronounced because it is
	not between two other digits. 
	</p>
	<p>If there are two or more zeroes in succession between two
	non-zero digits, as in 1001, only one is pronounced: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一千零一</span></font></font>.
	However, if the two or more zeroes are separate and also sandwiched,
	as in 40,801, each is read as normal: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">四萬零八百零一</span></font></font>.</p>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Grammar notes</h2>
<ol>
	<li><p>Measure words 
	</p>
	<p>In Chinese, when a noun is modified by numerals, demonstrative
	pronouns such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那</span></font></font>,
	or interrogative pronouns such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">幾</span></font></font>,
	a specific measure word should be placed between the noun and its
	modifier(s): 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三本書</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十五個學生</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那個老師</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪個圖書館</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">幾本詞典</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">幾
	</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">多少
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p>Both of these can be used to mean &quot;how many&quot; or &quot;how
	much&quot;. Whereas <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">幾
	</span></font></font>should be used with a measure word, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">多少
	</span></font></font>can be used either with or without a measure
	word for the noun it modifies. 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你有幾本詞典﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你有多少</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">本</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">詞典﹖</span></font></font></dt><p>
	The measure word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">本
	</span></font></font>is a must for the first sentence, but only
	optional in the second. 
	</p>
	<p>Also, when <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">幾
	</span></font></font>is used, the expected answer is usually under
	10, whereas <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">多少
	</span></font></font>can be used whether one expects a large or
	small answer. 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你們大學有多少學生﹖</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你家有幾個人﹖</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<li><p>Chinese verbs that take direct and indirect objects 
	</p>
	<p>As in English, some verbs in Chinese can take two objects: direct
	object (usually a thing) and indirect object (usually a person). 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">王老師教我們語法。</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<p>In this sentence, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">教
	</span></font></font>is a verb that takes <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們
	</span></font></font>as the indirect object and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">法語
	</span></font></font>as the direct object. Generally the indirect
	goes before the direct object. Some other verbs that work the same
	way include <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴
	</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">問</span></font></font>.
		</p>
	<p>Not all Chinese verbs can take two objects: it would be wrong to
	say <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他買我一本書
	</span></font></font>(He bought me a book), or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她寫我一封信
	</span></font></font>(She wrote me a letter). The correct way of
	saying these would be to use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">給</span></font></font>,
	as in <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他給我買一本書
	</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她給我寫一封信</span></font></font>.
		</p>
	<li><p>Adjectives as modifiers 
	</p>
	<p>When an adjective modifies a noun, it is placed directly before
	the noun as in English: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">新書</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	new book 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">好朋友</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	good friend</dd><p>
	However, when the adjective modifier is made up of two or more
	syllables, the particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>is usually inserted between the modifier and
	the noun it modifies: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很新的書
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	very new book 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很好的朋友
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	very good friend</dd></ol>
<h2 class="western">Word usage: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">也
</span></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">還</span></font></h2>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也
</span></font></font>is used to mean &quot;the same&quot; as the
previous statement. Hence the relationship between the statement
introduced by <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也
</span></font></font>and the previous one is a <i>parallel</i>
relationship. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還</span></font></font>,
on the other hand, introduces an <i>additional</i> element to the
previous statement. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">e.g.
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你有一個問題﹐我也有一個問題。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		You have a question; I also have a question. The two are parallel
		here. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我還有一個問題。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I have already had some questions, but I still have one more. This
		is <i>in addition to</i> the previous ones.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Under certain circumstances, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還
</span></font></font>are interchangeable, but with different
emphasis: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">王老師教我們漢字和語法﹐他還教我們口語。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">王老師教我們漢字和語法﹐他也教我們口語。</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Although both sentences can be roughly translated as &quot;Professor
Wang teaches us Chinese characters and grammar; he also teaches us
conversation&quot;, their emphasis is different: the first sentence
stresses the fact that Wang teaches conversation <i>in addition to</i>
the other subjects he teaches, whereas the second simply enumerates
the three subjects he teaches without prioritization. 
</p>
<h2 class="western">Grammar notes</h2>
<ol>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>construction 
	</p>
	<p>A modifier (normally either a noun, a pronoun, a verb or an
	adjective) with the word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>can function as a noun or noun-phrase in a
	sentence, and can stand by itself if the context is clear: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這條裙子是我姐姐的。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	This skirt is my sister's. Noun + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪本詞典是你的﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Which dictionary is yours? Pronoun + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你爸爸的車是白的嗎﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Is your father's car a white one? Adjective + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你喝的是什麼茶﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	What sort of tea do you drink? Verb + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font></dd><p>
	These constructions normally involve the verb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
	</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不是</span></font></font>).
		</p>
	<li><p>Usage of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">從
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">從
	</span></font></font>+ place word + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">去
	</span></font></font>= to go from; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">從
	</span></font></font>+ place word + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">來
	</span></font></font>= to come from. 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你從哪兒來﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Where did you come from? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我從圖書館來。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I came from the library. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們晚上從我家去劇場。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	We are going from my home to the theatre tonight.</dd><li><p>
	Noun/Pronoun + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這兒
	</span></font></font>/ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那兒
	</span></font></font>= over here/there at ...'s place 
	</p>
	<p>When a noun or pronoun is added to <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這兒
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那兒</span></font></font>,
	they function as a place word or expression. Since one cannot say
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我去她
	</span></font></font>(I went to her), one can say instead <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我去她那兒
	</span></font></font>(I went to her place), because <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她那兒
	</span></font></font>is now regarded as a place expression.
	Similarly one cannot say <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你的裙子在我
	</span></font></font>(Your skirt is with me), but one can say
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你的裙子在我這兒
	</span></font></font>(Your skirt is with me). More examples: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你的書在他那兒。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Your book is at his place. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們都去姐姐那兒。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	We all went to my sister's place. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">老師來我這兒找她。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	The teacher is coming to my place to look for her.</dd><p>
	As is obvious, if the place or the person is away from the speaker,
	use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那兒</span></font></font>;
	if the place is near the speaker or refers to the speaker himself or
	herself, use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這兒</span></font></font>.
		</p>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太
	</span></font></font>+ adjective + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p>This pattern is often used for emphatic purposes. An adjective is
	used between <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太
	</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了</span></font></font>:
		</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太忙了﹗</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Too busy! 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太大了﹗</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Too big!</dd><p>
	The expression <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太好了﹗</span></font></font>,
	however, has a positive meaning, expressing satisfaction or
	admiration. 
	</p>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Word study: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">二
</span></font>vs. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">兩</span></font></h2>
<p>These both mean &quot;two&quot;, and are used as follows. 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>When &quot;2&quot; is followed by a measure word, use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩</span></font></font>:
		</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩個人</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩本書</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">增加了兩倍</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">去了兩次
	</span></font></font>
	</blockquote>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二
	</span></font></font>should be used in a number greater than 10,
	even if it is followed by a measure word: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十二</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一百零二次</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十二個人</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五千八百六十二元
	</span></font></font>
	</blockquote>
	<p>There are some more restrictions, though:</p>
	<ol>
		<li><p>Only <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二
		</span></font></font>can be used before the character <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十</span></font></font>;
		before the character <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">百</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二
		</span></font></font>is usually employed but <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩
		</span></font></font>may also be used: 
		</p>
		<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二百二十五</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二百五十元
		</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩百五十元
		</span></font></font>
		</blockquote>
		<li><p>For numbers like <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">千</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">萬
		</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">億</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩
		</span></font></font>is used more often than <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二</span></font></font>:
				</p>
		<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩千元
		</span></font></font>(also <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二千元</span></font></font>),
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩萬三千八</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩億人口
		</span></font></font>
		</blockquote>
		<li><p>If the number is greater than <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">百</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">千</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">萬</span></font></font>,
		<i>i.e.</i> if there are more digits before <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">百</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">千
		</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">萬</span></font></font>,
		then put <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二
		</span></font></font>instead of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩
		</span></font></font>in front: 
		</p>
		<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">四億二千萬</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三萬二千人</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五千二百元
		</span></font></font>
		</blockquote>
	</ol>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Time</h2>
<p>The following are ways of telling the time in Chinese: 
</p>
<blockquote style="margin-bottom: 0cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">現在幾點﹖</span></font></font><br/>
B:
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">現在</span></font></font>...</blockquote>
<dl>
	<dd>
	<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="6">
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩點</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>2:00</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十點半
				</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十點三十分</span></font></font>)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>10:30</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三點一刻
				</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三點十五分</span></font></font>)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>3:15</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十二點三刻
				</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十二點四十五分</span></font></font>)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>12:45</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩點差五分
				</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">差五分兩點</span></font></font>)</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>1:55</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五點二十分</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>5:20</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">六點零五分</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>6:05</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">七點三十五分</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>7:35</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</table>
</dl>
<p>Some notes: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>When zero is flanked by two digits, it is normally read as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">零</span></font></font>,
	as in <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三點零八分
	</span></font></font>(3:08) or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十二點零三分
	</span></font></font>(12:03).</p>
	<li><p>When the minutes are greater than 10, the word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">分
	</span></font></font>is optional: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">七點十五
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">七點十五分</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<li><p>&quot;This morning&quot; is <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今天上午</span></font></font>,
	not for example <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這個上午</span></font></font>;
	&quot;every afternoon&quot; is <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">每天下午</span></font></font>,
	not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">每下午</span></font></font>.</p>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Placement of time-words</h2>
<p>A time-word or -expression is normally placed either after the
subject or at the beginning of a sentence: 
</p>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們十點半上中文課</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十點半我們上中文課</span></font></font></blockquote>
<p>Some notes: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>A time-word does not take a preposition: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我三點下課</span></font></font></dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我在三點下課</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	A time-word should not be placed at the end of a sentence: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她晚上來
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	She came in the evening.</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">晚上她來</span></font></font></dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她來晚上</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	If you have more than one time-word, the bigger unit goes before the
	smaller: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今天晚上八點
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	at 8 o'clock this evening</dd><li><p>
	If you have both time-word and place-word, usually the time-word
	goes first: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我晚上八點在圖書館等你
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你哥哥現在在哪兒工作﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明天你幾點在哪兒上課﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	When and where are you going to have your class tomorrow?</dd><li><p>
	Time-word + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>+ noun (time-words modifying nouns) 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你想看幾點的電影﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	What show do you want to see? <i>literally</i> What time's film do
	you want to see? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我想看中午十二點半的</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">電影</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	I want to see the film at 12:30 at noon.</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這是今天的報嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Is this today's paper? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不是今天的報﹐是昨天的。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	It isn't today's paper, it's yesterday's. 
	</dd></ol>
<h2 class="western">The use of the time-words <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">以前
</span></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">以後</span></font></h2>
<p>When used by itself, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以前
</span></font></font>means &quot;previously&quot; or &quot;before&quot;
and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以後
</span></font></font>means &quot;later&quot;, &quot;afterwards&quot;
or &quot;in the future&quot;: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我以前是學生﹐現在是老師。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I was a student before; now I am a teacher. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你以前在哪兒工作﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Where did you work before? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以前我不住宿舍﹐現在住宿舍。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I did not live in a dormitory before, but now I do.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
When used together with a time-word or verb phrase, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以前
</span></font></font>means &quot;before...&quot; and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以後
</span></font></font>means &quot;after...&quot;: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十點以前我不回家。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I won't go home before 10. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">回家以前我在閱覽室看書。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I read books in the reading-room before I go home. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">來美國以後他在這兒工作。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		He has been working here after he came to America. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十點半以後你在宿舍作什麼﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		What do you do in your dorm after 10:30?</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
N.B. When <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以前
</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以後
</span></font></font>is used together with a time-word or verb phrase
to mean &quot;before&quot; or &quot;after&quot;, the word order is
exactly the opposite of the English equivalent: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">四點以前</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		before 4 o'clock 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下課以前</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		before the class is over 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明天晚上以後</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		after tomorrow evening (or night) 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">回宿舍以後</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		after returning to the dormitory</dd></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
A <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">跟 </span></font>B
(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">一起</span></font>)
+ verb/verb-phrase</h2>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">跟
</span></font></font>as a preposition means &quot;with&quot;, and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一起
</span></font></font>means &quot;together&quot;. This pattern is used
to indicate that A and B do something together. Here <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">跟
</span></font></font>can be replaced with <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">和
</span></font></font>without changing the meaning; and the phrase <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一起
</span></font></font>is optional. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我跟
		</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">和</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她去看電影。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I go to see a film with her. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我跟她一起去看電影。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		She and I go to see a film together.) 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">晚上你們跟誰一起去劇場﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		With whom are you going to the theatre tonight? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">晚上你有事兒嗎﹖跟我一起去看京劇﹐好嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Do you have anything to do tonight? Come with me to the Beijing
		opera! 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我不想跟你去﹐我想跟我男朋友一起去。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I don't want to go with you, I want to go with my boyfriend.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
N.B. This pattern of A <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">跟
</span></font></font>B (<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一起</span></font></font>)
is always placed <i>before</i> the main verb in the sentence. Hence
the following sentence, with English word order, is wrong: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我想去跟我男朋友一起。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I want to go together with my boyfriend.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
Alternative Questions using <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">還是</span></font></h2>
<p>In Chinese, an alternative question is formed by using <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還是
</span></font></font>to connect two choices, which can be nouns, noun
phrases, verbs, verb phrases, or clauses: 
</p>
<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你喜歡紅茶還是綠茶﹖
</span></font></font>(nouns)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這本書是你的還是她的﹖
</span></font></font>(noun phrases)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下午你來還是不來﹖
</span></font></font>(verbs)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你要聽古典音樂還是聽現代音樂﹖
</span></font></font>(verb phrases)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今天晚上你來我這兒還是我去你那兒﹖
</span></font></font>(clauses)</blockquote>
<p>Note:</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>the two items connected by <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還是
	</span></font></font>are normally parallel in structure; and</p>
	<li><p>as with affirmative-negative questions and questions with
	interrogative words, alternative questions do not have <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">嗎
	</span></font></font>at the end. 
	</p>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Pivotal Sentences with <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">請</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">讓</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">叫</span></font></h2>
<p>In Chinese a sentence can contain several verbs. A pivotal
sentence is one in which the object of the first verb is at the same
time the subject of the following verb. This object therefore
functions as a pivot, connecting the two verb clauses in the
sentence. 
</p>
<p>The first verb in a pivotal sentence is often a causative verb (to
cause something to happen) such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">讓
</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">叫</span></font></font>.
All three carry the meaning of asking somebody to do something. Of
the three, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請
</span></font></font>is the most polite; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">讓
</span></font></font>is less so, and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">叫
</span></font></font>is the least polite. So watch out for the
occasions when these verbs can be used appropriately. Observe: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學生請王老師介紹中國音樂。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		The students asked Professor Wang to introduce Chinese music. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">老師讓學生每天寫漢字。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		The teacher asked students to write Chinese characters every day. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">爸爸叫孩子學中文。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Dad asked his child to study Chinese.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Notice that although the English equivalents all employ &quot;to
ask&quot;, the Chinese sentences use different words to indicate
various degrees of politeness. 
</p>
<p>Note:</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>Besides the use of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請
	</span></font></font>above (meaning &quot;to ask someone to do
	something&quot;), <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請
	</span></font></font>can also be used to mean &quot;to invite&quot;:
		</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們請他來吃晚飯。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	We invited him to dinner. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你想請他今天晚上去看電影嗎﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Do you want to invite him to a movie tonight?</dd><li><p>
	To negate a pivotal sentence, put the negative adverb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不
	</span></font></font><i>before the first verb</i>: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我的大夫不讓我喝酒。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	My doctor doesn't let me drink alcohol.</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們不叫我去看電影。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	They did not invite me to go to the pictures.</dd></ol>
<h2 class="western">Word usage: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">別
</span></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">不要</span></font></h2>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">別
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不要
</span></font></font>both mean &quot;do not&quot;. They can be used
in negative <i>imperative</i> sentences with or without a subject.
They are placed between the subject (if present) and the verb or
adjective: 
</p>
<blockquote>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你</span></font></font>)
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">別
</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不要</span></font></font>)
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴他﹗</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">別喝酒﹗
別去那兒﹗</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不要吸煙﹗
下午不要去﹗</span></font></font></blockquote>
<p>Neither of these can be used to indicate negation in declarative
sentences. It is wrong to say <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">爸爸別請他走</span></font></font>.
One can say instead <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">爸爸不請他走</span></font></font>.
</p>
<h2 class="western">Expressions for the date, week, month and year</h2>
<ol>
	<li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">年</span></font></font>,
	year 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">去年
		</span></font></font>= last year; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今年
		</span></font></font>= this year; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明年
		</span></font></font>= next year</p>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一九九七年</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一九九八年</span></font></font>,
		...</p>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一年
		</span></font></font>= one year; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩年
		</span></font></font>= two years (not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二年</span></font></font>);
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三年
		</span></font></font>= three years<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">每年
		</span></font></font>= every year; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五年半
		</span></font></font>= five-and-a-half years</p>
	</ol>
	<li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">月</span></font></font>,
	month 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上個月</span></font></font>=
		last month; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這個月
		</span></font></font>= this month; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下個月
		</span></font></font>= next month</p>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一月
		</span></font></font>= January; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二月
		</span></font></font>= February (not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩月</span></font></font>);
		... <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十月
		</span></font></font>= December</p>
	</ol>
	<li><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期</span></font></font>,
	week 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期
		</span></font></font>= last week; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期
		</span></font></font>= this week; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期
		</span></font></font>= next week</p>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期一
		</span></font></font>= Monday; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期二
		</span></font></font>= Tuesday; ... <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期六
		</span></font></font>= Saturday; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期日
		</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期天
		</span></font></font>= Sunday</p>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期
		</span></font></font>= one week; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期
		</span></font></font>= two weeks (not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期</span></font></font>);
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期
		</span></font></font>= three weeks; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">四個半星期
		</span></font></font>= four-and-a-half weeks; ... <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">每
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期
		</span></font></font>= every week 
		</p>
	</ol>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">日
	</span></font></font>/ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">號
	</span></font></font>/ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">天
	</span></font></font>date 
	</p>
	<p>Use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">日
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">號
	</span></font></font>for a <i>specific</i> date. Usually <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">日
	</span></font></font>is used in written and formal language and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">號
	</span></font></font>is used in conversation. The word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">天
	</span></font></font>should be used in <i>counting</i> the number of
	days: 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">作天
		</span></font></font>= yesterday; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今天
		</span></font></font>= today; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明天
		</span></font></font>= tomorrow</p>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一號</span></font></font>;
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二號
		</span></font></font>(not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩號</span></font></font>);
		... <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三十一號</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">四月六號</span></font></font>;
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十月二十五日</span></font></font>;
		...</p>
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一天
		</span></font></font>= one day; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩天
		</span></font></font>= two days (not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二天</span></font></font>);
		... <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">半天
		</span></font></font>= half a day; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">每天
		</span></font></font>= every day</p>
	</ol>
</ol>
<p>Some notes: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>When there are several units, the bigger comes first and the
	calendar date comes before the day of the week: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一九九六年十一月二十五號星期一</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一七八九年七月十四日</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<li><p>Notice the following special ways of expressing the date and
	month: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今年五月</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the May of this year (whether it has passed or not) 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">去年八月
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the August of last year 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明年二月
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the February of next year</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這
	</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期五
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the Friday of this week (whether it has passed or not) 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上
	</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期一
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the Monday of last week 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下
	</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個</span></font></font>)
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期四
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the Thursday of next week</dd><p>
	Note the English phrase &quot;last Monday&quot; may therefore be
	rendered as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這個星期一</span></font></font>,
	if Monday has already passed and the phrase is therefore referring
	to Monday of this week. The same applies for future days, and for
	months. 
	</p>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Verb or verb-phrase as a modifier for a noun</h2>
<p>Two points need to be observed when using a verb or verb-phrase as
a modified to form a relative clause: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>Unlike in English, all modifiers go <i>before</i> the element
	they modify in Chinese: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他喝的水不很乾淨</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這是我朋友送我的禮物</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<li><p>The word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>has to be inserted between the modifier and the
	element it modifies: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我下午看的電影很有意思。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	The film I saw this afternoon was very interesting. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">給你開門的那個人是我妹妹。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	The person who opened the door for you was my younger sister. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">跟他跳舞的姑娘是我的同學。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	The girl who danced with him was my classmate.</dd></ol>
<h2 class="western">Other grammar notes</h2>
<ol>
	<li><p>Sentences with an adjectival predicate 
	</p>
	<p>The verb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
	</span></font></font>is not normally used in the predicate for a
	sentence where the main element of the predicate is an adjective: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們今天很高興。</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她的絲線衫太小。</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那個服務員非常年輕。</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<p>In an affirmative sentence of this type, if the adjective is not
	preceded by adverbs such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">真</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">非常
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">更</span></font></font>,
	it is usually qualified by the adverb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很</span></font></font>.
	In such cases, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很
	</span></font></font>does not really mean &quot;very&quot;; <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他很忙
	</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他忙
	</span></font></font>mean virtually the same. 
	</p>
	<p>Also, adverbs such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">常</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">非常</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">更
	</span></font></font><i>cannot</i> be used in affirmative-negative
	sentences of this type: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你高興不高興﹖
	</span></font></font>but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你很高興不很高興﹖</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她年輕不年輕﹖
	</span></font></font>but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她非常高興不非常高興﹖</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你去不去﹖
	</span></font></font>but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你也去不去﹖</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">祝你
	</span></font></font>vs <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">祝賀你
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p>In general, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">祝你
	</span></font></font>is used to extend well-wishes <i>in advance</i>
	whereas <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">祝賀你
	</span></font></font>is used to congratulate someone on something
	<i>already accomplished</i>: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">祝你生日好﹗
	</span></font></font>(One can say this on the day, or in
	advance.)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">祝賀你﹗
	</span></font></font>(Say this only when something has already been
	accomplished.)</blockquote>
	<li><p>Reduplication of verbs 
	</p>
	<p>To indicate that an action is only of a short duration or to
	soften the tone of a sentence in order to make it less formal, a
	verb can be repeated: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我給你們介紹介紹。
	</span></font></font>(Notice the pattern is ABAB, not
	AABB.)<br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你們想去看看她嗎﹖</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">讓我想想。</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<p>In the case of a monosyllabic verb, the character <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一
	</span></font></font>can be inserted: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">讓我想一想。</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們都想看一看她。</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<p>Repeating a verb has the same effect as using the adverb <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一下兒
	</span></font></font>after the verb: 
	</p>
	<blockquote><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">用一下兒
	</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">用用
	</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">用一用</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">看一下兒
	</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">看看
	</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">看一看</span></font></font><br/>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">介紹一下兒
	</span></font></font>= <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">介紹介紹</span></font></font></blockquote>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Position words</h2>
<p>Words such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上邊</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">左邊</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">前邊</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中間</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">對面
</span></font></font>are position words. Some of the basic syllables
are: 
</p>
<center>
	<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上
				</span></font></font>- up</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">左
				</span></font></font>- left&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中
				</span></font></font>- middle</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">右
				</span></font></font>- right</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下
				</span></font></font>- down</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="3" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">前
				</span></font></font>- front</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">裡
				</span></font></font>- in</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">後
				</span></font></font>- back</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">外
				</span></font></font>- out</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</table>
</center>
<p>Usually, add <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">邊
</span></font></font>to make &quot;on the left&quot;, &quot;above&quot;,
&quot;outside&quot; etc. 
</p>
<p>Position words can be used in two ways. Compare: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>Noun (+ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)
	+ position word: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">車</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">外邊</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	outside the car 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">房子</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">後邊</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	behind the house 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">桌子</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">對面</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	opposite the table 
	</dd><li><p>
	Position word + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>+ noun (here the <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>is <i>mandatory</i>). 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">外邊的車</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the car outside (i.e. the car which is outside) 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">後邊的房子</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the house behind (the house which is behind) 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">對面的桌子</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	the opposite table (the table which is opposite / across the way) 
	</dd></ol>
<p>Notes:</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>When <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上邊</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下邊</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">裡邊
	</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">外邊
	</span></font></font>are modified by other nouns, the character <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">邊
	</span></font></font>can be omitted: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">房子</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">裡</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">邊</span></font></font>)</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	inside the house 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">桌子</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">邊</span></font></font>)</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	on the table 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">教室</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">外</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">邊</span></font></font>)</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	outside the classroom</dd><li><p>
	Do <i>not</i> use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">裡邊
	</span></font></font>in the following two cases:</p>
	<ol>
		<li><p>After geographical names such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中國</span></font></font>,
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">北京
		</span></font></font>etc: 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她在北京學習漢語。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		She studies Chinese in Beijing. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她在北京裡邊學習漢語。</span></font></font></dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">美國有很多大學。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		There are many universities in America. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">美國裡邊有很多大學。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
		In a phrase of the form &quot;<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
		</span></font></font>+ place, building or organisation&quot;: 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我在銀行工作。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		I work in a bank. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我在銀行裡邊工作。</span></font></font></dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們在閱覽室看書。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		They are reading books in the reading-room. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們在閱覽室裡邊看書。</span></font></font></dt></ol>
</ol>
<h2 class="western">Patterns for Location</h2>
<p>There are three ways to indicate the location of something, using
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
</span></font></font>respectively and with different meanings: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>To show that there is something in a certain place: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p>Position word + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有
	</span></font></font>+ indefinite noun: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">後邊有什麼﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	What is behind? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">後邊有一個車房。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	There is a garage behind. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們家對面有一個公園。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Across from our home, there is a park. 
	</dd><li><p>
	To show that certain things exist in certain places: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p>Definite noun + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
	</span></font></font>+ position word: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">花園在哪兒﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Where is the garden? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">花園在我們家後邊。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	The garden is behind our house. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">花園在車房
	</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>)
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">右邊。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	The garden is to the right of the garage. 
	</dd><li><p>
	To identify something that is known to exist at a certain place: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p>Position word + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
	</span></font></font>+ definite/indefinite noun: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你們家後邊是什麼﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	What's behind your house? 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們家後邊是一個花園。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Behind our house is a garden. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們家前邊是學院的圖書館。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	In front of their house is the college library. 
	</dd></ol>
<h2 class="western">Progressive aspect of an action</h2>
<p>To show an action which is, was or will be going on, use one of
the following patterns: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她在休息。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		She is resting. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她正休息。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她正在休息。</span></font></font></dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她休息呢。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她在休息呢。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她正休息呢。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她正在休息呢。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Notes: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>All the above sentences mean the same, stylistic differences
	excepted. 
	</p>
	<li><p>The progressive aspect can be applied not only to the
	present, but also to past and future actions: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她現在正在休息。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	She is resting now. <i>present progressive</i> 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我去的時候﹐她正在休息。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	When I went there, she was resting. <i>past progressive</i> 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我明天去看她的時候﹐她一定正在休息。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	When I go to see her tomorrow, she will surely be resting. <i>future
	progressive</i> 
	</dd><li><p>
	As shown above, either <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">正
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">正在
	</span></font></font>can be placed before a verb to indicate the
	progressive aspect of an action. 
	</p>
	<li><p>Alternatively, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">呢
	</span></font></font>can be placed at the end of the sentence to
	perform the same function. Sometimes <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">呢
	</span></font></font>can be used together with <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">正
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">正在</span></font></font>.
		</p>
	<li><p>The negative form of the progressive aspect is indicated by
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒有</span></font></font>,
	not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不</span></font></font>,
	before the verb; and it can be shortened to <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒
	</span></font></font>alone if it is not at the end of a sentence or
	a short answer. Otherwise the full form of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒有
	</span></font></font>must be used: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她沒</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">休息﹐她在看報。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她在休息嗎﹖沒有﹐她在看報。</span></font></font>(or
	simply <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒有</span></font></font>)
		</dt><li><p>
	If both the <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
	</span></font></font>of the progressive aspect and the <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
	</span></font></font>of location exist in a sentence, only one
	should be used: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她正在房間里休息。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她正在在房間里休息。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt></ol>
<h2 class="western">Subject-predicate constructions as modifiers</h2>
<p>An entire subject-predicate construction (a sentence or clause)
such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我給她打電話</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他今天買</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們去北京參觀
</span></font></font>can be used as a modifier for a noun. When used
this way, there must be a <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
</span></font></font>inserted between the construction and the noun
it modifies: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我給她打電話的時候﹐她正在吃飯。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		When I called her, she was eating. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他今天買的花兒很漂亮。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		The flowers he bought today are very pretty. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請你們看我們去北京參觀的照片。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Please take a look at the pictures we took while visiting Beijing. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這是誰給你寫的信﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Who wrote this letter to you? 
		</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
The subject-predicate construction always goes immediately before the
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的</span></font></font>,
which goes immediately before the noun to be modified.</p>
<h2 class="western">Word usage: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">參觀
</span></font>vs. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">訪問</span></font></h2>
<p>Both terms can be translated as &quot;to visit&quot; in English.
However, while <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">參觀
</span></font></font>implies <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">觀
</span></font></font>(to see), <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">訪問
</span></font></font>stresses <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">問
</span></font></font>(to ask). Hence <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">參觀
</span></font></font>really implies observation while visiting and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">訪問
</span></font></font>means to visit people with specific purpose such
as interviews. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">參觀
</span></font></font>can be followed by places but not people;
whereas <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">訪問
</span></font></font>can take either, but most commonly people. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">參觀</span></font></font>/<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">訪問學校
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">訪問他</span></font></font>/<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這個國家的總統
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
Grammar Notes</h2>
<ol>
	<li><p>Measure word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">些
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">些
	</span></font></font>is a measure word showing indefinite quantity.
	It is usually used after demonstrative pronouns such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那</span></font></font>,
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪
	</span></font></font>and after the numeral <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一</span></font></font>:
		</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一些</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	some 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這些</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	these 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那些</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	those 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪些</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	which (plural) 
	</dd><p>
	Don't attempt to mix <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">些
	</span></font></font>with definite measures. It is wrong to say
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這些三本詞典
	</span></font></font>(these three dictionaries); one can only say
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這三本詞典</span></font></font>.
		</p>
	<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
	</span></font></font>. . . <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>construction 
	</p>
	<p>Earlier we saw the construction with simple nouns, pronouns or
	adjectives: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這本書是中文的。</span></font></font>=
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這本書中文的書。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那條裙子是妹妹的。</span></font></font>=
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那條裙子是妹妹的裙子。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">姐姐的大衣是黑的。</span></font></font>=
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">姐姐的大衣是黑的大衣。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><p>
	But the <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是
	</span></font></font>. . . <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的
	</span></font></font>construction can also be used with
	prepositional phrases and even whole verbal constructions: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那些點心是給丁雲的。</span></font></font>=
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那些點心是丁雲的點心。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	Those pastries are for Ding Yun. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這束花兒是我給她買的。</span></font></font>=
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這束花兒我給她買的花兒。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	This bunch of flowers is the one I bought for her. 
	</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這本書是我在大學的圖書館借的。</span></font></font>=
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這本書是我在大學的圖書館借的書。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	This book is the one I borrowed from the university library. 
	</dd></ol>
<h2 class="western">The use of the Complement of Degree</h2>
<h3 class="western">What is a complement?</h3>
<p>A complement is a word or phrase attached after a verb to explain
or complete the meaning of the action. Complements are used to show
duration, extent, quantity, degree, result, direction or possibility
of an action. Complements always appear <b>after</b> the verbs they
modify. 
</p>
<p>We know that in Chinese modifiers are generally placed before the
words they modify; so why do complements appear after? It's because
Chinese word order often observes the time sequence in which an
action occurs. Notice, for example: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">昨天晚上我們從書店去電影院。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Yesterday evening we went to the cinema from the bookshop. 
		</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Since one has to leave the bookshop before going to the cinema, the
Chinese sentence follows this time sequence. Similarly, since a
verbal action has to take place first, before one can see its extent
or result, the complement placed after the verb observes this time
sequence. 
</p>
<h3 class="western">The complement of degree</h3>
<p>This is used to show the extent or degree of an action. Normally
adjectives are used for the complement, and the structural particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得
</span></font></font>is used to connect the verb and its complement: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他學習得怎麼樣﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		How is he studying? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他學習得很好。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		He's studying very well.</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
The basic patterns for the complement of degree are as follows: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>Verb without object: V + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得
	</span></font></font>+ adjective 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你工作得不錯。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	Verb with object: V + O + V + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得
	</span></font></font>+ adjective 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我妹妹唱民歌唱得很好。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	Verb with preposed object: O + V + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得
	</span></font></font>+ adjective 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們中文學得很好。</span></font></font></dt></ol>
<p>Place <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不
</span></font></font><i>before the adjective</i> to make the
negative: 
</p>
<ol start="4">
	<li><p>V + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得
	</span></font></font>+ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不
	</span></font></font>+ adjective 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她歌唱得不好﹐
	舞也跳得不好。 </span></font></font>
	</dt></ol>
<p>Questions are formed as follows: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>. . . <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得
	</span></font></font>adjective <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不
	</span></font></font>adjective? 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你開車開得快不快﹖</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	. . . <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得怎麼樣﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你中文學得怎麼樣﹖</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	. . . <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得
	</span></font></font>adjective <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">嗎﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你游泳游得好嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt></ol>
<p>Note that the complement of degree cannot be used with verbs such
as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在
</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是</span></font></font>,
since those verbs normally do not denote actions. 
</p>
<h2 class="western">The difference between <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">呢
</span></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">吧
</span></font>as sentence-ending particles</h2>
<p>Either term can be used to soften the tone when placed at the end
of a question. However, they differ in usage. 
</p>
<h3 class="western">In questions</h3>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">呢
</span></font></font>is primarily used to indicate a mood of enquiry.
It may appear in questions with interrogative words such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">什麼
</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪兒</span></font></font>;
affirmative-negative questions such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有沒有呢﹖好吃不好吃呢﹖</span></font></font>;
or alternative questions with <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還是</span></font></font>,
such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">吃面包還是火腿呢﹖
</span></font></font>
</p>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">吧</span></font></font>,
on the other hand, is employed at the end of a question to indicate a
mood of uncertainty or speculation on the part of the speaker:
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在這兒停車吧﹖
你不知道吧﹖ </span></font></font>
</p>
<h3 class="western">In affirmative statements</h3>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">呢
</span></font></font>in this case is used to indicate the progressive
aspect of an action (e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她學中文呢</span></font></font>),
or to affirm some fact, sometimes with exaggeration (e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">晚上電影九點才開始呢。
從這兒去要走三天呢。</span></font></font>) 
</p>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">吧
</span></font></font>is often added at the end of an imperative
sentence to soften the tone, as in <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們走吧。
你再想想吧。 </span></font></font>
</p>
<h2 class="western">The use of optative verbs</h2>
<p>Optative or auxiliary verbs are those placed before other verbs to
express intention, wishes, possibility etc. 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>To express <i>subjective wish</i>, <i>desire</i> or <i>request</i>:
		</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">要
		</span></font></font>+ verb = to want to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我要喝橘子水。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想
		</span></font></font>+ verb = would like to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你想看電影嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt></ol>
	<li><p>To express <i>objective necessity</i>: 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">要
		</span></font></font>+ verb = to have to (especially in questions) 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我明天要來嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Do I have to come tomorrow? 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們要去了。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		We have to go. 
		</dd><li><p>
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不用
		</span></font></font>+ verb = don't have to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你明天不用來。</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		You don't have to come tomorrow.</dd></ol>
	<li><p>To express <i>ability</i> or <i>skill acquired</i>: 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">能
		</span></font></font>+ verb = can, be able to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你現在能看中文報紙嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">可以
		</span></font></font>+ verb = can, be able to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你們一個星期可以學幾課﹖</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">會
		</span></font></font>+ verb = can, be able to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們都會游泳嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt></ol>
	<li><p>To express <i>ability depending on circumstances</i>: 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">能
		</span></font></font>+ verb = can, be able to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你明天能來嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">可以
		</span></font></font>+ verb = can, be able to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你今天晚上可以</span></font></font>1<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">給他打電話嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt></ol>
	<p>Note, in both cases use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不能
	</span></font></font>for negative sentences. 
	</p>
	<li><p>To express <i>permission</i>: 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">能
		</span></font></font>+ verb = may, be permitted to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我能在這兒停車嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你不能
		</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不可以</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在這兒停車。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><li><p>
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">可以
		</span></font></font>+ verb = may, be permitted to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我可以在這兒吸煙嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你不可以
		</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不能</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在這兒吸煙。</span></font></font></dt></ol>
	<li><p>To express <i>possibility</i> or <i>probability</i>: 
	</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">會
		</span></font></font>+ verb = be likely to, will probably 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你明天會再來嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今天晚上不會下雨。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></ol>
	<li><p>To express <i>need arising from moral or factual necessity</i>:
		</p>
	<ol type="a">
		<li><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">應該
		</span></font></font>+ verb = should, ought to 
		</p>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你們學得不錯﹐應該去中國。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們不應該翻譯那本書。</span></font></font></dt></ol>
</ol>
<p>Note: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>To make a negation, put the negative word <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不
	</span></font></font>or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒有
	</span></font></font>before the optative verb: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們不想給圖書館打電話。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	To form an affirmative-negative question, alternate the optative
	verb instead of the main verb in the sentence: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你會不會唱中國民歌﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	but not <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你會唱不唱中國民歌﹖</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	It is possible to use more than one optative verb in a sentence: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你是北京人﹐應該會唱京劇。</span></font></font></dt></ol>
<h2 class="western">The use of adverbs <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">就
</span></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">才</span></font></h2>
<p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">就
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">才
</span></font></font>are often used before the main verb to indicate
the speaker's attitude as to whether the action expressed by the main
verb is earlier (<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">就</span></font></font>)
or later (<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">才</span></font></font>)
than expected: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們三點就來了﹐可是你們現在才來。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		They came as early as 3 o'clock, but you came as late as now. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們是老朋友﹐我們十年前就認識了。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		We are old friends, and we came to know each other as early as ten
		years ago. 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她不是我的同學﹐我上個星期才認識她。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		She is not a classmate of mine. I just got to know her a week ago. 
		</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Compare the following sentences: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今年我們就想去中國學習。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		(The speaker indicates their eagerness in going to China as soon as
		this year.) 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今年我們才想去中國學習。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		(The speaker indicates that, although going to China this year,
		they should have gone earlier.) 
		</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
As shown in the above sentences, when there is a time-word in a
sentence, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">就
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">才
</span></font></font>should be placed after it; when there is an
optative verb, on the other hand, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">就
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">才
</span></font></font>should be placed before it. Here is the pattern:
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">Time-word + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">就</span></font></font>/<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">才
		</span></font></font>+ optative verb + main verb 
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她今年就可以去中國﹐我明年才可以去中國。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們今天下午三點就能出發﹐我們要晚上八點才能走。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
Word usage: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">或者</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">還是</span></font></h2>
<p>Both of these conjunctions can be translated as &quot;or&quot; in
English, but they differ in usage: in general, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">或者
</span></font></font>is used in non-interrogative sentences to
indicate a choice: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我妹妹想研究音樂或者文學。</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還是</span></font></font>,
on the other hand, is more often than not reserved for alternative
questions: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你上午去﹐還是下午去﹖</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
It can also be used in subordinate clauses with verbs such as <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">知道</span></font></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴
</span></font></font>etc: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dt><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請告訴我這個人是老師還是學生﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我不知道她是老師還是學生。</span></font></font></dt></dl>
<p>
In cases in which both <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">或者
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還是
</span></font></font>can appear in questions, there are some subtle
differences in their anticipations and tones: 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><blockquote>A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你想去中國還是日本﹖</span></font></font><br/>
B:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我想去中國。</span></font></font></blockquote>
	<li><blockquote>A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你想去中國或者日本嗎﹖</span></font></font><br/>
B:
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我想去﹐我兩個地方都想去。</span></font></font></blockquote>
</ol>
<p>In dialogue 1, A asks an alternative question which anticipates a
choice from the answer. The two terms with <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還是
</span></font></font>are mutually exclusive. In dialogue 2, the
question is a general one using <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">嗎
</span></font></font>at the end. It does not anticipate a strict
choice from the answer, so B can give a general answer: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我想去
</span></font></font>-- yes, I do -- and then add his more specific
thought: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我兩個地方都想去</span></font></font>.
The two items with <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">或者
</span></font></font>in the question are therefore not mutually
exclusive. 
</p>
<p>Sometimes, however, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還是
</span></font></font>can also be used in a non-interrogative
sentence. For instance: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">去看朋友﹐還是去看電影﹐他一時</span></font></font>(??)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不定主意。</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Notice in the sentence the tone is still somehow interrogative,
compelling <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他
</span></font></font>to make a choice. In contrast, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">或者
</span></font></font>in this case can only convey a sort of
explanatory note: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你去﹐還是她來﹐你明天一定要作決定。
		</span></font></font>(interrogative) 
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">或者你去﹐或者她來﹐沒有其他選擇。
		</span></font></font>(explanatory)</dt></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">了解</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">知道</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">認識 </span></font>and
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">懂</span></font></h2>
<p>The meanings of the four terms here overlap. 
</p>
<p>Both <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了解
</span></font></font>and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">知道
</span></font></font>can mean &quot;to know&quot;. However, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了解
</span></font></font>implies some level of understanding and
comprehension of what one knows. Therefore <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了解
</span></font></font>can be understood as a deeper or better knowing
than <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">知道</span></font></font>.
Compare: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你了解
		</span></font></font>(or <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">知道</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這個學校嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我不知道他是誰的孩子。</span></font></font>(Here
		one can not use <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了解</span></font></font>.)
				</dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">認識
</span></font></font>is used to indicate that one can recognise this
as this and not others. It can also involve the process of acquiring
such an ability. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哦﹐我認識她﹗</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Oh, I know her! 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你是在哪兒認識她的﹖</span></font></font></dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		Where did you get to know her? 
		</dd></dl>
</dl>
<p>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">懂</span></font></font>,
on the other hand, is a direct equivalent of &quot;to understand&quot;.
Its definition is not as broad as that of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了解
</span></font></font>(to know and understand) and is different from
that of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">知道
</span></font></font>(to know). 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">1. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你懂他說的漢語嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		2. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你知道他叫甚麼名字嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		3. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你了解他嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Of these, sentence 3 wants to know more detailed information about
him than sentence 2, and sentence 2 wants more detailed information
than sentence 1. 
</p>
<h2 class="western">The use of the Perfect Aspect</h2>
<h3 class="western">Basic concept</h3>
<p>The aspect particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
</span></font></font>is added to the end of a verb to indicate the
completion of an action. In general, Chinese perfect aspect is
equivalent to perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect or future
perfect) in English. So, the completion of an action can take place
in the past or in the future. For instance: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你下了課去哪兒﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我下了課去圖書館。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
On the other hand, a past action is not always followed by the aspect
particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了</span></font></font>,
if it is a simple statement or a habitual action and there is no need
to emphasise its completion: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">去年他常常去書店。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以前我住在學生宿舍。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<h3 class="western">
Basic patterns</h3>
<ol>
	<li><p>Affirmative sentence 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">Subject + verb +
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>(+ object) 
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">電影開始了。
	我買了兩本書。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	Negative sentence (note <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>is dropped here) 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">Subject + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>)
	+ verb (+ object) 
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	or subject + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還沒</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>)
	+ verb (+ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">呢</span></font></font>)
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我沒有買書。
	電影還沒開始呢。 </span></font></font>
	</dt><li><p>
	Interrogative sentence 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">Subject + verb +
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>(+ object) + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒有﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	or Subject + verb + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了嗎﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	or Subject + verb + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒
	</span></font></font>+ verb (+ object)﹖ (here the verb is usually
	monosyllabic) 
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你今天買了詞典沒有﹖
	她來了嗎﹖ 你們談沒談這個問題﹖ </span></font></font>
	</dt></ol>
<h3 class="western">Notes</h3>
<ol>
	<li><p>If the verb has an object and there is no adverbial in the
	sentence, the object should normally carry some modifiers (e.g.
	numeral + measure-word or other attributives). Otherwise the
	sentence sounds incomplete: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我買了三本書。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我在書店里買了書。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	but not simply <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我買了書。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><li><p>
	If a sentence carries several verbs and the actions indicated by
	those verbs are related, then the perfect aspect particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>is usually placed after the <i>last</i> verb. 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">a. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我用中文給媽媽寫了一封信。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	b. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們昨天進城買了一些中文詞典。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><p>
	In sentence a, &quot;write&quot; is related to &quot;use&quot;
	because the letter is written by using Chinese; in sentence b,
	similarly, &quot;buy&quot; is related to &quot;enter the city&quot;
	because the purpose of entering the city is to buy the dictionaries.
	Compare the above sentences with the following, with a different
	structure: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我下了課去圖書館。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><p>
	Here &quot;class is over&quot; (<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下課</span></font></font>)
	and &quot;go to the library&quot; are unrelated. They are contained
	in the sentence simply to indicate their sequence. Hence it is wrong
	to say 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我下課去了圖書館。
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><li><p>
	When the verb is reduplicated, the perfect aspect particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>is placed <i>before</i> the reduplicated verb: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我試了試那條裙子﹐真漂亮﹗
	</span></font></font>
	</dt></ol>
<h2 class="western"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">又</span></font>,
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">再 </span></font>and
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">還</span></font></h2>
<p>All three of these adverbs indicate the repetition of an action,
like the English &quot;again&quot;. They differ in usage, however: 
</p>
<p>Whereas <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">又
</span></font></font>indicates a repetition of an action that has
already taken place, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">再
</span></font></font>implies a repetition of an action in the future.
Also, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">再
</span></font></font>is only used in <i>declarative</i> sentences,
plus questions ending in <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">好嗎</span></font></font>:
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">昨天他來晚了﹐今天他又來晚了。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		(repetition in the past) 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你今天來晚了﹔明天再來晚﹐我們就不讓你進來了。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dd style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		(repetition in the future) 
		</dd><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你再喝一點兒橘子水﹐好嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
Also, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">又
</span></font></font>can be used for the repetition of a periodic
action or occurrence, even though it has not yet taken place: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明天又是星期一﹐我們又要上課。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">新年又要來了。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還</span></font></font>,
on the other hand, usually expresses a future repetition: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你明天還來嗎﹖</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
It can also be used in an interrogative or declarative sentence with
an optative verb. In this situation, it is placed before the optative
verb and an optional <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">再
</span></font></font>can be placed after: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">A:
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你明年還能</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">再</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">教我們嗎﹖
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		B: <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我明年還可以</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">再</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">教你們。</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<h2 class="western">
Use of the modal particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><span lang="zh-CN">了</span></font></h2>
<h3 class="western">Basic concept</h3>
<p>The modal particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
</span></font></font>is placed at the end of a sentence to indicate
that the event referred to took place in the past. The difference
between <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
</span></font></font>as modal particle and <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
</span></font></font>to indicate perfect aspect is that the latter
only shows the completion of the verb, whereas the former shows the
completion of the whole sentence or event, implying some <i>change of
situation</i>. 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他買了書了。</span></font></font></dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
The first <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
</span></font></font>in the sentence above indicates only the
completion of the action of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">買書</span></font></font>,
whereas the second <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
</span></font></font>marks some change of situation on the part of <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他
</span></font></font>as a result of the completion of the book-buying
process: originally he did not have the book, but now he has. 
</p>
<h3 class="western">Basic patterns</h3>
<p>(Please compare against the patterns for the perfect aspect in the
previous section.) 
</p>
<ol>
	<li><p>Affirmative sentence 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">Subject + verb
	(+ object) + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們看足球賽了。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	Negative sentence (note <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>is dropped here) 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">Subject + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒
	</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有</span></font></font>)
	+ verb (+ object) 
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們沒看足球賽。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	Interrogative sentence 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">Subject + verb +
	object + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了沒有﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	or Subject + verb + object + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了嗎﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	or Subject + verb + <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒
	</span></font></font>+ verb + object﹖ (here the verb is usually
	monosyllabic) 
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們看足球賽了沒有﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們看足球賽了嗎﹖
	</span></font></font>
	</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
	<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們看沒看足球賽﹖</span></font></font></dt></ol>
<h3 class="western">Notes</h3>
<ol>
	<li><p>As is obvious, when there is no object, one cannot tell the
	perfect aspect <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>from the modal particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了</span></font></font>.
	In such a case, <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>can be regarded as fulfilling both functions: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她來了。
	我們懂了。</span></font></font></dt><li><p>
	A simple statement about events that happened in the past does not
	require a <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
	</span></font></font>at the end of the sentence: 
	</p>
	<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我昨天下午看足球賽﹐晚上沒出去。</span></font></font></dt></ol>
<h2 class="western">Sequential actions</h2>
<p>To indicate that two actions take place, one immediately after the
other, we use the pattern 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">Subject + verb
		+ <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
		</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以後</span></font></font>)
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">就
		</span></font></font>+ verb ... 
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		e.g. <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們辦了簽証</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以後</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">就回家。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明天吃了早飯</span></font></font>(<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以後</span></font></font>)<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們就出發。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
The above pattern can be used for <i>future</i> actions as well. To
indicate that both actions took place in the past, the particle <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了
</span></font></font>has to be inserted at the end of the sentence: 
</p>
<dl>
	<dl>
		<dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm"><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們辦了簽証以後就回家了。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt><dt style="margin-right: 1cm; margin-bottom: 0.5cm">
		<font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們早上沒吃早飯就走了。
		</span></font></font>
		</dt></dl>
</dl>
<p>
<br/>
<br/>

</p>
<center>
	<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2">
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><b>Word list</b></p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><img src="grammaire2_html_c83dbc2977318b9a.gif" name="Image1" align="bottom" hspace="50" width="2" height="2" border="0"/>
</p>
			</td>
			<td colspan="3" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><img src="grammaire2_html_c83dbc2977318b9a.gif" name="Image2" align="bottom" width="2" height="2" border="0"/>
</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">嗎&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ma3 / ma5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>morphine /
				(question tag)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你好&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ni3hao3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hello, how
				are you</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ni3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">呢&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ne5 / ni2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(question
				particle) / woolen material</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wo3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>I, me,
				myself</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很好&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hen3hao3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>well</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">忙&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>busy</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不忙&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4mang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>theres no
				hurry, take ones time</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hen3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>very,
				extremely</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">也&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ye3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>also, too</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">都&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dou1 / du1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>all, both
				(if two things are involved), entirely (due to)each, even,
				already / (surname), metropolis, capital city</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">好&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hao3 / hao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>good, well
				/ be fond of</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我們&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wo3men5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>we, us,
				ourselves</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ta1men5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>they</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他們都&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ta1men5dou1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>all of them</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(negative
				prefix), not, no</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不是&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu2shi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(n) blame
				or fault</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">大夫&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dai4fu5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>doctor</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>is, are,
				am, yes, to be</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>de5 / di2 /
				di4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(possessive
				particle), of / really and truly / aim, clear</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">我的&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wo3de5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>my, mine</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">書&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shu1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>book,
				letter</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">媽媽&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ma1ma5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mama, mommy</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">車&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>che1 / ju1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>car, a
				vehicle, machine, to shape with a lathe / vehicle on land</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">弟弟&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>di4di5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>younger
				brother</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">爸爸&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ba4ba5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(informal)
				father</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">他&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ta1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>he, him</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">朋友&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>peng2you5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>friend</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">她&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ta1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>she</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哥哥&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ge1ge5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>older
				brother</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">誰&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shei2 /
				shui2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>who / who</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>na3 / na5 /
				nei3 / nei3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>how, which
				/ (final part. preceded by N) / which (followed by M or Num) /
				which (followed by M or Num)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">什&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tenth</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">麼&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>me5 / mo2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(interrog.
				suff.) / dimi.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">老師&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>lao3shi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>teacher</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">你們&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ni3men5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you
				(plural)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中國人&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhong1guo2ren2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Chinese
				person, Chinese people</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">國&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>guo2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>country,
				state, nation</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">人&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ren2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>man,
				person, people</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhe4 /
				zhei4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>this, these
				/ this, these</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中國&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhong1guo2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>China,
				Chinese</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">地圖&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>di4tu2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>map</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>na3 / na4 /
				nei4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>how, which
				/ that, those / that, those</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">您&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nin2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you
				(formal)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">貴姓&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gui4xing4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>what is
				your name?</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">姓&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>surname,
				family name, name</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">丁&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ding1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(surname),
				4th heavenly stem, a Chinese surname</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">叫&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jiao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to (be)
				call(ed)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請問&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qing3wen4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>may I
				ask...</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學習&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xue2xi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to learn,
				to study</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xue2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>learn,
				study, science, -ology</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">習&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to
				practice, to study, habit</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">漢語&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>han4yu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Chinese
				language</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">法語&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fa3yu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>French
				(language)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不學&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4xue2wu2shu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>have
				neither learning nor skill, be ignorant and incompetent</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(located)
				at, in, exist</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪兒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>na3er5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>where</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那兒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nar3 / nar4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>where /
				there</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">古波&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gu3bo1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Gubo (a
				personal name)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不在&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4zai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>not be in,
				be out</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學生&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xue2sheng5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>student</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">宿舍&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>su4she4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dormitory,
				living quarters</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這兒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zher4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>here</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">住&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to live, to
				dwell, to reside, to stop</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學�
				</span></font></font>/ &nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xue2yuan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>college,
				educational institute, school, faculty</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>� / &nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>si4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>four</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">層&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ceng2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>a measure
				word for layers, laminated, repeated, floor, story (of a
				building), layer</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>two</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>three</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">號&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hao2 / hao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>roar, cry /
				day of a month, (suffix used after) name of a ship, (ordinal)
				number</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在這&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zai4zhe4qi1jian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>during
				time, in this time</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er2 / er5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>son /
				non-syllabic dimi. suff.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>one,
				single, a(n)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>five, 5</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二號&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4hao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>2nd day of
				the month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hai2 /
				huan2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>also, in
				addition, more, still, else, still, yet, (not) yet / (surname),
				pay back, return</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">畫報&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hua4bao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>pictorial
				(magazine)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">云&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yun2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>say</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">日本&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ri4ben3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Japan,
				Japanese</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">用&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yong4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to use</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一下兒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi2xiar4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>a little
				bit, a little while</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">現在&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xian4zai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>modern,
				current, present, at present, now, nowadays</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">去&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to go, to
				leave, to remove</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">常&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>chang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>always,
				ever, often, frequently, common, general, constant</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">常常&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>chang2chang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>frequently,
				usually, often</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">喝&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>he1 / he4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>my
				goodness, to drink / shout applause</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">茶&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cha2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tea, tea
				plant</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">看&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>kan1 / kan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to look
				after, to take care of, to watch, to guard / it depends, think,
				to see, to look at</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">是不是&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi4bu4shi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>is or isnt,
				yes or no, whether or not</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">認識&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ren4shi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>be
				acquainted with (a person), to know, to be familiar with, to
				recognize</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">介紹&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jie4shao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to present,
				introduction, to introduce</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">咖啡&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ka1fei1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>coffee</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">商店&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shang1dian4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>store, shop</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">買&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mai3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>buy</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">紙&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhi3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>paper</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">歡迎&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>huan1ying2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to welcome,
				welcome</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">來&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>lai2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to come</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不歡&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4huan1er2san4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>part on bad
				terms, (of a meeting, etc, ) break up in discord</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">迎&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ying2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to welcome</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">和&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>he2 / he4 /
				huo2 / huo4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>and,
				together with, with, peace, harmony, union / cap (a poem),
				respond in singing / soft, warm / mix together, to blend</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">美國&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei3guo2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>America,
				American, United States, USA</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">英語&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ying1yu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>English
				(language)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to have,
				there is, there are, to exist, to be</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">詞典&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ci2dian3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dictionary</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">多&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>duo1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>many, much,
				a lot of, numerous, multi-</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">外國&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wai4guo2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>foreign
				(country)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei2 / mo4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(negative
				prefix for verbs), have not, not / drowned, to end, to die, to
				inundate</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒有&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei2you3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>havent,
				hasnt, doesnt exist, to not have, to not be</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">姐姐&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jie3jie5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>older
				sister</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">筆&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bi3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>pen,
				pencil, writing brush, to write or compose, the strokes of
				Chinese characters</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">妹妹&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei4mei4 /
				mei4mei5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(informal)
				younger sister / younger sister</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒有人&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei2you3ren2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nobody</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有人&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you3ren2qing2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>humane</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">給&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gei3 / ji3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to, for,
				for the benefit of, to give, to allow, to do sth (for sb),
				(passive particle) / to supply, provide</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">銀行&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yin2hang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bank</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">工作&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gong1zuo4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>job, work,
				construction, work, task</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">信&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xin4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>letter,
				true, to believe, sign, evidence</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">寫信&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xie3xin4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to write a
				letter</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xiang3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to think,
				to believe, to suppose, to wish, to want, to miss</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">丁雲&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ding1yun2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Ding Yun (a
				personal name)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">想家&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xiang3jia1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>homesick</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">男朋友&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nan2peng2you5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>male
				friend, boyfriend</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">告訴&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gao4su5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to tell, to
				inform, to let know</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">好朋友&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hao3peng2you5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>good friend</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">請&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qing3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to ask, to
				invite, please (do sth), to treat (to a meal, etc), to request</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">零&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ling2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>remnant,
				zero</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">六&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>six</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">七&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>seven, 7</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">八&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ba1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>eight, 8</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">九&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jiu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nine, 9</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ten</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十一&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2yi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>eleven</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十二&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2er4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>12, twelve</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十九&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2jiu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nineteen</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>twenty, 20</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十一&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4shi2yi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>twenty-one</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十八&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4shi2ba1hao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>28th day of
				the month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三十&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>thirty, 30</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>� / <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>si4shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>forty, 40</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">九十&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jiu3shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ninety</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一百&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1bai3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>a hundred</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三百&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1bai3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>three
				hundred</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十七&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4shi2qi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>twenty-seven</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">百&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bai3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hundred</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一千&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1qian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>one
				thousand</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一千零&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1qian1ling2wu3shi2yi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>105 billion</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五千&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wu3qian1dun1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>5000 tons</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">八千&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ba1qian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>eight
				thousand, 8000</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">七百&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qi1bai3wan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>seven
				million</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十五&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4shi2wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>twenty five</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一萬&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1wan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ten
				thousand</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">萬&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(surname),
				ten thousand, a great number</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一億&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1yi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>1 00
				million</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十五&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fifteen</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三千&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1qian1wu3bai3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>3 500</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">幾&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ji1 / ji3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>almost /
				how much, how many, several, a few</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">本&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ben3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>roots or
				stems of plants, origin, source, this, the current, root,
				foundation, basis, (a measure word)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ge4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(a measure
				word), individual</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那個&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nei4ge4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>that one</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪個&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>na3ge5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>which, who</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">圖書館&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tu2shu1guan3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>library</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">多少&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>duo1shao3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>how much,
				how many, which (number)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">大學&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>da4xue2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>university</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">家&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jia1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>-ist, -er,
				-ian, home, family, a person engaged in a certain art or
				profession</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">幾個&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ji3ge5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>several</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">王&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>king, Wang
				(proper name)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">教&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jiao1 /
				jiao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>teach /
				religion, teaching</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">語法&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yu3fa3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>grammar</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">問&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wen4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to ask</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">寫&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xie3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to write</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">封&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>feng1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to confer,
				to grant, to seal, (a measure word)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">新書&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xin1shu1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>new book</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">新&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xin1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>meso-
				(chem.), new, newly</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有一&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you3yi1xie1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>somewhat,
				rather</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">問題&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wen4ti2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>problem,
				issue, topic</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">漢字&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>han4zi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Chinese
				character</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">口語&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>kou3yu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>spoken
				language</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">條&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tiao2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>measure
				word for long, thin things (i.e. ribbon, river, etc.), a strip,
				item, article</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">裙子&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qun2zi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>skirt</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">白&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bai2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>white,
				snowy, empty, blank, bright, clear, plain, pure, gratuitous</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">從&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cong1 /
				cong2 / zong4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>lax,
				yielding, unhurried / from, obey, observe, follow / second cousin</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">晚上&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wan3shang5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>in the
				evening</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">劇場&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ju4chang3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>theater</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">找&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhao3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to try to
				find, to look for, to call on (sb), to find, to seek, to return,
				to look for</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>highest,
				greatest, too (much), very, extremely</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>le5 / liao3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(modal
				particle intensifying preceding clause), (past tense marker) / to
				know, to understand, to know</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太忙&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tai4mang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>too busy</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">大&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>da4 / dai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>big, huge,
				large, major, great, wide, deep, oldest, eldest / doctor</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">太好了&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tai4hao3le5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>very good</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liang3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>both, two,
				ounce, some, a few, tael</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩個&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liang3ge4zhong1guo2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>two-China
				(policy)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">增加&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zeng1jia1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to raise,
				to increase</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">倍&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bei4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(two,
				three, etc) -fold, times (multiplier), double, to increase or
				multiply</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩次&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liang3ci4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>twice</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二十二&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4shi2er4hao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>22nd day of
				a month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二次&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4ci4da4zhan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>World War
				Two</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個人&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ge4ren2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>individual,
				personal, oneself</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">六十&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liu4shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>sixty, 60</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">元&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yuan2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(dynasty),
				dollar, primary, first</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二百&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4bai3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>two
				hundred, 200</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五十&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wu3shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fifty</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩百&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liang3bai3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>two hundred</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">千&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>thousand</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">億&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>a hundred
				million, calculate</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩千&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liang3qian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>two
				thousand</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">人口&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ren2kou3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>population</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">千萬&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qian1wan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ten
				million, millions and millions, very many</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三萬&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1wan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>30 thousand</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">點&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dian3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(downwards-right
				convex character stroke), oclock, (a measure word), point, dot,
				(decimal) point)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">兩點&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liang3dian3shi2jiu3fen1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>2 :1 9
				(time of day)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">半&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ban4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>half,
				semi-, incomplete, (after a number) and a half, half</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">分&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fen1 / fen4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to divide,
				minute, (a measure word), (a unit of length = 0.33 centimeter) /
				part</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">刻&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ke4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>quarter
				(hour), (a measure word), to carve, to engrave, to cut,
				oppressive</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五分&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wu3fen1mei3jin1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nickel</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">差&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cha1 / cha4
				/ chai1 / ci1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>difference,
				error, discrepancy, to differ, to err, to make a mistake, to lack
				/ different, short of, poor, to lack / send, a messenger, a
				mission, to commission / uneven</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">六點&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liu4dian3liu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>6.6</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">七點&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qi1dian3er4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>7.2</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三十五&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1shi2wu3yi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>3.5 billion</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">八分&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ba1fen1yin1fu2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>quaver,
				eighth note</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三分&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1fen1zhi1yi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>one third</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jin1tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>today, at
				the present, now</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上午&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shang4wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>morning</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這個&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhe4ge4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>this</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">每天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei3tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>every day,
				everyday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下午&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xia4wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>afternoon</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">每&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>each, every</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shang4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>on, on top,
				upon, first (of two parts), previous or last (week, etc.), upper,
				higher, above, previous, to climb, to go into, above, to go up</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中文&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhong1wen2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Chinese
				language</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">課&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ke4 / ke4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>subject,
				class, lesson / class, lesson</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下課&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xia4ke4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>class is
				over</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">等&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>deng3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>class,
				rank, grade, equal to, same as, wait for, await, et cetera, and
				so on</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ming2tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tomorrow</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上課&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shang4ke4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to attend
				class</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">電影&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dian4ying3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>movie, film</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中午&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhong1wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>noon,
				midday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">報&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to
				announce, to inform, report, newspaper, recompense, revenge</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">昨天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zuo2tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yesterday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以前&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi3qian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>before,
				formerly, previous</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以後&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi3hou4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>after,
				later, afterwards, following, later on, in the future</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不住&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu2zhu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>repeatedly,
				continuously, constantly</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">住宿&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhu4su4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>lodging</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">舍&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>she3 / she4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to abandon,
				to give up / residence</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">回家&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hui2jia1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>homeward</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">閱覽室&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yue4lan3shi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>reading
				room</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">美國以&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei3guo2yi3wai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>outside of
				the U.S.</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">後&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hou4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>back,
				behind, rear, afterwards, after, later</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">半以&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ban4yi3shang4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>more than
				half</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">作&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zuo4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to regard
				as, to take (somebody) for, to do, to make</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">回&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hui2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(a measure
				word for matters or actions) a time, to circle, to go back, to
				turn around, to answer, to return, to revolve</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">跟&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gen1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to follow,
				to go with, heel, with, and</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一起&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi4qi3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>together</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">事兒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shir4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>business,
				thing</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">京劇&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jing1ju4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Beijing
				opera</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">還是&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hai2shi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>or, still,
				nevertheless</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">喜歡&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xi3huan5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to like, to
				be fond of</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">紅茶&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hong2cha2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>black tea</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">綠茶&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>lu:4cha2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>green tea</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">要&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yao1 / yao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>demand,
				ask, request, coerce / important, vital, to want, to be going to,
				must</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">聽&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ting1 /
				ting4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>listen,
				hear, obey / let, allow</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">古典音樂&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gu3dian3yin1yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>classical
				music</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">現代音樂&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xian4dai4yin1yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>modern
				music, contemporary music</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">讓&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>rang4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to ask, to
				let, permit, have (someone do something), to yield, to allow</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">音樂&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yin1yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>music</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">孩子&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hai2zi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>child</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">吃&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>chi1 / ji2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>eat,
				eradicate, destroy, receive / stammer</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">晚飯&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wan3fan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>supper</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">酒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jiu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wine,
				liquor, spirits</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">別&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bie2 / bie4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>leave,
				depart, separate, distinguish, classify, other, another, do not,
				must not, to pin / contrary, difficult, awkward</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不要&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4yao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dont!, must
				not</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">吸煙&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xi1yan1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to smoke</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">走&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zou3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to walk, to
				go, to move</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>year</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">去年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qu4nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>last year</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">今年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jin1nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>this year</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">明年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ming2nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>next year</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一九九七&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1jiu3jiu3qi1nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>the year
				1997</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一九九&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1jiu3jiu3qi1nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>the year
				1997</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">八年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ba1nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>eight years</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1nian2ban4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>a year and
				a half</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>three years</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">每年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei3nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>every year,
				each year, yearly</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wu3nian2ji4hua4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Five-Year
				Plan</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>moon, month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上個月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shang4ge4yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>last month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這個月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhei4ge4yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>this
				(current) month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下個月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xia4ge4yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>next month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>first
				month, January</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">二月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>er4yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>February,
				second month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing1qi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>week</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xia4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>under,
				second (of two parts), next (week, etc.), lower, below,
				underneath, down(wards), to decline, to go down, latter</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期一&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing1qi1yi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Monday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期二&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing1qi1er4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Tuesday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期六&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing1qi1liu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Saturday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期日&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing1qi1ri4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Sunday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing1qi1tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Sunday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>� / <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">個&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>si4ge4xiao3shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>four hours</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">日&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ri4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Japan, day,
				sun, date, day of the month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>day, sky,
				heaven</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一號&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1hao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>first day
				of the month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>� / <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>si4yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>April,
				fourth month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">六號&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liu4hao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>6th day of
				the month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>October</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>one day</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">半天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ban4tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>half of the
				day, a long time, quite a while</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十一月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2yi1yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>eleventh
				month, November</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">八九&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ba1jiu3bu4li2shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>pretty
				close, very near, about right</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">七月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qi1yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>July,
				seventh month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十�
				</span></font></font>/ &nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2si4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fourteen,
				14 
				</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">五月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wu3yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>May, fifth
				month</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">八月&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ba1yue4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>eighth
				month, August</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期五&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing1qi1wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Friday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">星期�
				</span></font></font>/ &nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xing1qi1si4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Thursday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">水&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shui3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>water,
				river</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不很&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4hen3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>not very</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">乾淨&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gan1jing4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>clean, neat</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">送&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>song4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to deliver,
				to carry, to give (as a present), to present (with), to see off,
				to send</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">禮物&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>li3wu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gift,
				present</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">有意思&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you3yi4si5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>interesting</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">開門&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>kai1men2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>open (the)
				door</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">跳舞&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tiao4wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to dance</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">姑娘&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gu1niang5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>girl</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">同學&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tong2xue2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(fellow)
				classmate</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">高興&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gao1xing4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>happy,
				glad, willing (to do sth), in a cheerful mood</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">絲&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>si1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>silk,
				thread, trace</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">線&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xian4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>thread,
				string, wire, line</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">衫&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shan1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Chinese
				gown (unlined)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">小&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xiao3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>small,
				tiny, few, young</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">服務員&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fu2wu4yuan2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>waiter,
				waitress, server</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">非常&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fei1chang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>unusual,
				extraordinary, extreme, very, exceptional</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">年輕&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>nian2qing1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>young</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">真&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhen1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>real, true,
				genuine</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">更&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>geng1 /
				geng4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to change /
				more, even more, further, still, still more</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">祝&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>invoke,
				pray to, wish, to express good wishes</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">祝賀&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhu4he4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to
				congratulate, congratulations</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">生日&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>sheng1ri4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>birthday</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上邊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shang4bian5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>upside</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">左邊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zuo3bian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>left</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">前邊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qian2bian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(n) the
				area in front of sth</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中間&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhong1jian4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>betwixt,
				intermediate, mid, middle</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">對面&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dui4mian4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>opposite</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">左&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zuo3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>left</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhong1 /
				zhong4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>within,
				among, in, middle, center, while (doing sth), during, China,
				Chinese / hit (the mark)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">右&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>right
				(-hand)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">前&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>before, in
				front, ago, former, previous, earlier, front</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">裡&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>li3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>li, a
				Chinese unit of length = 1, 2 kilometer, village, within, inside</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">外&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>outside, in
				addition, foreign, external</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">邊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>side, edge,
				margin, border, boundary</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">外邊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wai4bian5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(n)
				outside, (n) exterior surface, (n) place other than ones home
				town</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">房子&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fang2zi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>house</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">後邊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hou4bian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>behind</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">桌子&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhuo1zi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>table, desk</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下邊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xia4bian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(n) under</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">教室&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jiao4shi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>classroom</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">北京&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bei3jing1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Beijing
				(capital of mainland China)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">很多&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hen3duo1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>very many,
				very much, great (quantity)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">房&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>house</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">公園&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>gong1yuan2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>a public
				park</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">花園&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hua1yuan2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>garden</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在車&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zai4che1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>aboard</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">右邊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you4bian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>right (as
				opposed to left)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一個&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1ge4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>a, an</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">休息&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xiu1xi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>rest, to
				rest</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">正&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zheng1 /
				zheng4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Chinese 1st
				month of year / just (right), main, upright, straight, correct,
				principle</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">正在&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zheng4zai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>in the
				process of (doing something or happening), while (doing)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">的時候&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>de5shi2hou4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>when,
				during, at the time of</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一定&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1ding4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>surely,
				certainly, necessarily, fixed, a certain (extent, etc.), given,
				particular</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">房間&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fang2jian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>room</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">里&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>li3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>Chinese
				mile, neighborhood</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">打電話&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>da3dian4hua4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to make a
				telephone call</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">參觀&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>can1guan1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to look
				around, to inspect, visit and observe</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">吃飯&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>chi1fan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to eat a
				meal</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">花兒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>huar1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>flower</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">漂亮&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>piao4liang5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>pretty,
				beautiful</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">照片&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhao4pian4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>photograph,
				picture</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">訪問&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fang3wen4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>pay a visit
				(to), to access, to interview</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">觀&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>guan1 /
				guan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to look at,
				to watch, to observe, to behold / Taoist monastery</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">學校&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xue2xiao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>school</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">國家&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>guo2jia1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>country,
				nation</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">總統&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zong3tong3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>president
				(of a country)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">些&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xie1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>some, few,
				several, (a measure word)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一些&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1xie1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>some, a
				few, a little</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">這些&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhe4xie5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>these</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">那些&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>na4xie1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>those</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哪些&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>na3xie1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>which, who,
				what</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">大衣&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>da4yi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>overcoat,
				topcoat, cloak</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">黑&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hei1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>black, dark</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">點心&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dian3xin1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>light
				refreshments, pastry</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">束&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bunch, (a
				measure word), to bind, to control</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">在大&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zai4da4duo1shu4qing2kuang4xia4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>in most
				instances</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">借&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jie4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to lend, to
				borrow, excuse, pretext, by means of</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">書店&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shu1dian4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bookstore</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">電影�
				</span></font></font>/ &nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dian4ying3yuan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cinema,
				movie theater</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>de2 / de5 /
				dei3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>obtain,
				get, gain, proper, suitable, proud, contented, allow, permit,
				ready, finished / a sentence particle used after a verb to show
				effect, degree or possibility / to have to, must, ought to, to
				need to</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">怎麼樣&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zen3me5yang4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>how about,
				(used in the negative)(not) so good</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得很&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>de5hen3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>very (much,
				good etc.)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">得不&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>de2bu4dao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cannot get,
				cannot obtain</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">錯&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cuo4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mistake,
				error, blunder, fault, cross, uneven, wrong</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">唱&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>chang4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>sing, to
				call loudly, to chant</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">民歌&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>min2ge1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>folk song</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">歌唱&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ge1chang4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>sing</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">舞&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to dance,
				to wield, to brandish</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">跳&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tiao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jump, hop,
				skip (a grade), to leap, to bounce, to beat</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">開車&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>kai1che1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to drive a
				car</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">開&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>kai1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>open,
				operate (vehicle), start</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">快&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>kuai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fast,
				quick, swift</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不快&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4kuai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>be unhappy,
				be displeased, be in low spirits, be indisposed, feel under the
				weather, be out of sorts</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">游泳&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you2yong3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>swim</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">游&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to walk, to
				tour, to roam, to swim, to travel</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">吧&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ba1 / ba5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(onomat.),
				dumb / (modal particle indicating polite suggestion), ...right?,
				...OK?</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">好吃&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hao3chi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tasty,
				delicious</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不好&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4hao3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>no good</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">面&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mian4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fade, side,
				surface, aspect, top, face, flour, noodles</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">包&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bao1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to cover,
				to wrap, to hold, to include, to take charge of, package,
				wrapper, container, bag, to hold or embrace, bundle, packet, to
				contract (to or for)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">火腿&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>huo3tui3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ham</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">停車&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ting2che1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to stop, to
				park</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不知&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4zhi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>unknowing(ly)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">道&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>direction,
				way, method, road, path, principle, truth, reason, skill, method,
				Tao (of Taoism), a measure word, to say, to speak, to talk</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">才&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cai2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ability,
				talent, endowment, gift, an expert, only (then), only if, just</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">開始&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>kai1shi3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>begin,
				beginning, start, initial</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">三天&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>san1tian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>three days</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">再&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>again, once
				more, re-, second, another</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">橘子&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ju2zi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>orange</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不用&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4yong4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>need not</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">能&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>neng2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>can, may,
				capable, energy, able</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">報紙&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bao4zhi3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>newspaper,
				newsprint</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">可以&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ke3yi3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>can, may,
				possible, able to</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>� / &nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hui4 /
				kuai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>can, be
				possible, be able to, to assemble, to meet, to gather, to see,
				union, group, association / to balance an account, accounting</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不能&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4neng2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cannot,
				must not, should not</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不可&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4ke3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cannot,
				should not, must not</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">以&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to use,
				according to, so as to, in order to, by, with, because</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不�
				</span></font></font>/ &nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4hui4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>improbable,
				unlikely, will not (act, happen, etc, ), have not learned to, be
				unable to</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">下雨&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xia4yu3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>rainy</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">應該&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ying1gai1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ought to,
				should, must</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">翻譯&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>fan1yi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>translate</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>� / <font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不�
				</span></font></font>/ &nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>hui4bu4hui4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(posing a
				question: whether someone, something) can or not, is able to or
				not</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">中國民&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhong1guo2min2hang2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>General
				Administration of Civil Aviation of China (CAAC)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">歌&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ge1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>song</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">北京人&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bei3jing1ren2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>person from
				Beijing, Peking Man (Sinanthropus pekinesis)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">就&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jiu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>at once,
				then, right away, only, (emphasis), to approach, to move towards,
				to undertake</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">可是&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ke3shi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>but,
				however</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">老&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>lao3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(a prefix
				used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the
				order of birth of the children in a family to indicate affection
				or familiarity), old (of people)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">十年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi2nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ten years</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">上個星期&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shang4ge4xing1qi1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>last week</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">出發&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>chu1fa1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to start
				out, to set off</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">才能&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cai2neng2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>talent,
				ability, capacity</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">或者&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>huo4zhe3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>or,
				possibly, maybe, perhaps</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">研究&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yan2jiu1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>research</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">文學&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wen2xue2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>literature</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">知道&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhi1dao5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>know, be
				aware of</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">地方&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>di4fang5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>area,
				place, local</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一時&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi4shi2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>temporary,
				momentary</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">不定&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>bu4ding4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>indefinite,
				adventitious, indeterminate</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">主意&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zhu3yi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>plan, idea,
				decision</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一定要&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1ding4yao4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>must</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">決定&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jue2ding4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to decide
				(to do something), to determine, to resolve</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">其他&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qi2ta1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>other, else</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">選擇&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xuan3ze2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to select,
				to pick, to choose, to make a choice</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">了解&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>liao3jie3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>understand,
				come to understand, find out</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">懂&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dong3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to
				understand, to know</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">哦&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>e2 / o2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to chant /
				oh is that so</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">說&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shui4 /
				shuo1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>persuade
				(politically) / to speak, to say</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">甚麼&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shen2me5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>what</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">名字&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ming2zi5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(a persons)
				name</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">談&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>tan2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to speak,
				to talk, to converse, to chat, to discuss, (surname)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">進&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jin4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>advance,
				enter, to come in</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">城&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>cheng2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>city walls,
				city, town</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">試&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>shi4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to test, to
				try, experiment, examination, test</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">又&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>you4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(once)
				again, also, both... and..., again</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">晚&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>wan3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>evening,
				night, late</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">進來&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>jin4lai2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(v) come in</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">一點兒&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>yi1dianr3</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>a bit, a
				little</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">新年&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>xin1nian2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>New Year</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">足球&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zu2qiu2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>football
				(British English), soccer (American English)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">賽&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>sai4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to compete,
				competition, match</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">出去&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>chu1qu4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(v) go out</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">辦&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ban4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to do, to
				manage, to handle, to go about, to run, to set up, to deal with</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">簽&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>qian1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>sign ones
				name</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">証&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zheng4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(translation
				unavailable)</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">早飯&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zao3fan4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>breakfast</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">早上&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>zao3shang5</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>early
				morning</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">沒吃&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>mei2chi1mei2chuan1</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>(idiom) to
				be without food and clothing; be very poor</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">隊&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>dui4</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>squadron,
				team, group</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p><font face="WenQuanYi Zen Hei"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt"><span lang="zh-CN">贏&nbsp;</span></font></font></p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>ying2</p>
			</td>
			<td style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>&nbsp;</p>
			</td>
			<td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 0cm"><p>to beat, to
				win, to profit</p>
			</td>
		</tr>
	</table>
</center>
<p><br/>
<br/>

</p>
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</html>