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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
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  4. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
    5. 

  5. <head>
    6. 

  6.   <title>When and where to use measure words</title>
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  7.   <link rel="stylesheet" href="../Styles/main.css"/>
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  8. </head>
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  9. 

  10. <body>
    11. 

  11.   <h2>When and where to use measure words</h2>
    12. 

  12. 

  13.   <p>It is <b>OBLIGATORY</b> to use a <span class="rouge">measure</span> word when a <b>numeral</b>, a <b>demonstrative pronoun</b>, or an <b>interrogative pronoun</b> qualifies a noun.</p>
    14. 

  14. 

  15.   <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_1">1. Between a numeral and a noun.</h3>
    16. 

  16. 

  17.   <div class="deux">
    18. 

  18.     numeral + measure word + noun
    19. 

  19.   </div>
    20. 

  20. 

  21.   <ol>
    22. 

  22.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II1.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    23. 

  23. 

  24. <br/> <span class="pinyin">wǔ <span class="encadrevert">bēi</span> chá</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">五杯茶</span> <br/>five cups of tea</li>
    25. 

  25. 

  26.     <br/>
    27. 

  27. 

  28.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II1_004.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    29. 

  29. 

  30. <br/><span class="pinyin">sān <span class="encadrevert">běn</span> shū</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">三本书</span><br/> three books</li>
    31. 

  31. 

  32.     <br/>
    33. 

  33. 

  34.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II1_003.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    35. 

  35. 

  36. <br/><span class="pinyin">yì <span class="encadrevert">diǎnr</span> jiǔ</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">一点儿酒</span> <br/>a little bit of wine</li>
    37. 

  37. 

  38.     <br/>
    39. 

  39. 

  40.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II1_002.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    41. 

  41. 

  42. <br/><span class="pinyin">liǎng <span class="encadrevert">wèi</span> lǎoshī</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">两位老师</span><br/> two teachers</li>
    43. 

  43.   </ol>
    44. 

  44. 

  45.   <div class="gris">
    46. 

  46.     Note that the numeral for 'two ' of something is '<span class="pinyin">liǎng</span> <span class="hanzi">两</span> ', not <span class="pinyin">èr</span> <span class="hanzi">二</span>.
    47. 

  47.   </div>
    48. 

  48. 

  49.   <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_2">2. Between a demonstrative pronoun (<span class="pinyin">zhè</span> <span class="hanzi">这</span> this, <span class="pinyin">nà</span> <span class="hanzi">那</span> that) and a noun, when the numeral is <span class="pinyin">yī</span> <span class="hanzi">一</span> (one), <span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 22px;">yī</span><span style="font-size: 22px;"> </span><span class="hanzi">一</span><span style="font-size: 22px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 22px;">(one)</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">  has been omitted. Note that when used before numeral and measure words </span><span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">zhè</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span class="hanzi" style="font-weight: normal;">这</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;"> and </span><span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">nà</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span class="hanzi" style="font-weight: normal;">那</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;"> are often pronounced as </span><span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">zhèi</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span class="hanzi" style="font-weight: normal;">这</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;"> and </span><span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;">nèi</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;"> </span><span class="hanzi" style="font-weight: normal;">那</span><span style="font-size: 22px; font-weight: normal;"> in spoken Chinese.</span></h3>
    50. 

  50. 

  51.   <div class="deux">
    52. 

  52.     <span class="pinyinst">zhèi</span> <span class="hanzist">这</span> or <span class="pinyinst">nèi</span> <span class="hanzist">那</span> + (<strike>one</strike>) + measure word + noun
    53. 

  53.   </div>
    54. 

  54. 

  55.   <br/>
    56. 

  56. 

  57.   <ol>
    58. 

  58.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II2_004.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    59. 

  59. 

  60. <br/><span class="pinyin">zhèi <span class="encadrevert">běn</span> shū</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">这本书</span><br/> this book</li>
    61. 

  61. 

  62.     <br/>
    63. 

  63. 

  64.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II2_003.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    65. 

  65. 

  66. <br/><span class="pinyin">nèi <span class="encadrevert">ge</span> rén</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">那个人</span><br/> that person</li>
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  67. 

  68.     <br/>
    69. 

  69. 

  70.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II2_002.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    71. 

  71. 

  72. <br/><span class="pinyin">zhèi sān <span class="encadrevert">běn</span> shū</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">这三本书</span><br/> these three books <br/> <br/> 
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  73. 

  74.     <div class="gris">
    75. 

  75.       The numeral <b>cannot be omitted</b> if it is greater than one. Also note that
    76. 

  76.           the demonstrative pronoun with a measure word is <span class="pinyin">zhèi</span> <span class="hanzi">这</span> (this) or <span class="pinyin">nèi</span> <span class="hanzi">那</span> (that), not <span class="pinyin">zhèixiē</span> <span class="hanzi">这些</span> (these) or <span class="pinyin">nèixiē</span> <span class="hanzi">那些</span> (those). In other words, in Chinese the <b>singular demonstrative</b> is used with <b>numerals</b> bigger than '<b>one</b> ', i.e. '<span class="rouge">this</span> three... ' or '<span class="rouge">that</span> five... ' instead of 'these three... ' or 'those five... ' for multiple objects with
    77. 

  77.           specified number.<br/>
    78. 

  78. 

  79.       See the examples below:
    80. 

  80.     </div></li>
    81. 

  81. 

  82.     <br/>
    83. 

  83. 

  84.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    85. 

  85. 

  86. <br/><span class="pinyin">zhèi <span class="encadrevert">xiē</span> shū</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">这些书</span><br/> these books<br/> <br/> 
    87. 

  87. 

  88.     <div class="gris">
    89. 

  89.       When demonstratives are used to point at multiple objects with
    90. 

  90.           unspecified number, Chinese uses <span class="pinyin">zhèi xiē</span> <span class="hanzi">这些</span> (these) and <span class="pinyin">nèi xiē</span> <span class="hanzi">那些</span> (those). When <span class="pinyin">xiē</span> <span class="hanzi">些</span> , literally meaning 'a small amount ', is used, it serves as a
    91. 

  91.           measure word and replaces the original measure word of the noun.
    92. 

  92.     </div></li>
    93. 

  93. 

  94.     <br/>
    95. 

  95. 

  96.     <li><span class="pinyin"><strike>zhèi xiē běn shū</strike>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi"><strike>这些本书</strike></span><br/> these books<br/> <br/> 
    97. 

  97. 

  98.     <div class="gris">
    99. 

  99.       It would be incorrect to use a measure word when you are already using
    100. 

  100.             <span class="pinyin">xiē</span> <span class="hanzi">些</span>.
    101. 

  101.     </div></li>
    102. 

  102.   </ol>
    103. 

  103. 

  104.   <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_3">3. Between the interrogative pronoun <span class="pinyin">nǎ/něi</span> <span class="hanzi">哪</span> (which) and a noun, when the numeral is one but has been omitted.</h3>
    105. 

  105. 

  106.   <div class="deux">
    107. 

  107.     <span class="pinyinst">nǎ/něi</span> <span class="hanzist">哪</span> + (one) + measure word + noun
    108. 

  108.   </div>
    109. 

  109. 

  110.   <ol>
    111. 

  111.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    112. 

  112. 

  113. <br/><span class="pinyin">Něi <span class="encadrevert">běn</span> shū？</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">哪本书？</span><br/> Which book?<br/></li>
    114. 

  114.   </ol>
    115. 

  115. 

  116.   <h3 id="sigil_toc_id_4">4. Between the interrogative pronoun <span class="pinyin">jǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">几</span> (how many; how much) and a noun. <span class="pinyin">Jǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">几</span> is used for numbers smaller than ten. <span class="pinyin">Jǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">几</span> also means 'several', 'a few' 'some' or 'a couple of ' and it requires a measure word before the noun. If the number is expected to be greater than ten, the interrogative pronoun should be <span class="pinyin">duō shǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">多少</span> (how many; how much), which does not take a measure word.</h3>
    117. 

  117. 

  118.   <div class="deux">
    119. 

  119.     <span class="pinyinst">jǐ</span> <span class="hanzist">几</span> + measure word + noun
    120. 

  120.   </div>
    121. 

  121. 

  122.   <ol>
    123. 

  123.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    124. 

  124. 

  125. <br/><span class="pinyin">Jǐ <span class="encadrevert">běn</span> shū?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">几本书</span>？<br/> How many books? (expecting a number smaller than ten)<br/> <br/> 
    126. 

  126. 

  127.     <div class="gris">
    128. 

  128.       Compare with<span class="pinyin">duō shǎo</span><span class="hanzi">多少</span> for numbers greater than ten. It does not take a measure word.
    129. 

  129.     </div></li>
    130. 

  130. 

  131.     <br/>
    132. 

  132. 

  133.     <li><audio src="../ Audio/Measure-II4_002.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>
    134. 

  134. 

  135. <br/><span class="pinyin">Duō shǎo shū?</span> (<span class="vert">NO MEASURE WORD</span>)<br/> <span class="hanzi">多少书</span>？<br/> How many books? (expecting a number bigger than ten)</li>
    136. 

  136.   </ol>
    137. 

  137. </body>
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  138. </html>
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