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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>Measure words substituting for nouns to avoid repetition</title>
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  <h2>Measure words substituting for nouns to avoid repetition</h2>

  <p>In English, the numeral, '<b>one</b>' can be used to replace a noun after a demonstrative or an adjective to avoid repetition. In Chinese, the same purpose is achieved in two ways, depending on what is before the noun.</p>

  <div class="gris">
    If a demonstrative or interrogative pronoun is before the noun, the appropriate measure word can substitute for the noun;
  </div>

  <dl>
    <dt>English:</dt>

    <dd><span class="fondjaune">demonstrative pronoun + one</span><br/> These two books are both in foreign languages.&#160;<span class="encadrevert">This one</span>&#160;is in Japanese;&#160;<span class="encadrevert">that one</span>&#160;is in French.<br/></dd>
  </dl>

  <div class="gris">
    Note that the numeral, '<b>one</b>', replaces the noun, '<b>book</b>'.
  </div>

  <dl>
    <dt>Chinese:</dt>

    <dd><audio src="../Audio/Measure-IV-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="fondjaune">demonstrative pronoun + measure word</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Zhèi liǎng běn shū dōu shì wàiwén de.&#160;<span class="encadrevert">Zhèi běn</span>&#160;shì Rìwén de,&#160;<span class="encadrevert">nèi běn</span>&#160;shì Fǎwén de. </span><br/> <span class="hanzi">这两本书都是外文的。这本是日文的，那本是法文的。</span></dd>
  </dl>

  <div class="gris">
    Note that the measure word, <span class="pinyin">běn</span> <span class="hanzi">本</span>, replaces the noun, <span class="pinyin">shū</span> <span class="hanzi">书</span> book.
  </div>

  <dl>
    <dt>English:</dt>

    <dd><span class="fondjaune">interrogative pronoun + one</span><br/><span class="encadrevert">Which one</span>&#160;of these two books is yours?</dd>
  </dl>

  <div class="gris">
    Note that the numeral, 'one', replaces the noun, 'book'.
  </div>

  <dl>
    <dt>Chinese:</dt>

    <dd><audio src="../Audio/Measure-IV-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="fondjaune">interrogative pronoun + measure word</span><br/> <span class="pinyin">Zhèi liǎng běn shū&#160;<span class="encadrevert">něi běn</span>&#160;shì nǐ-de?</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">这两本书哪本是你的？</span></dd>
  </dl>

  <div class="gris">
    Note that the measure word for book, <span class="pinyin">běn</span> <span class="hanzi">本</span>, replaces the noun, <span class="pinyin">shū</span> <span class="hanzi">书</span> book.
  </div>

  <br/>

  <div class="gris">
    If the noun being replaced is preceded by an adjective, it is replaced by <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span>.
  </div>

  <dl>
    <dt>English:</dt>

    <dd><span class="fondjaune">adjective + one</span><br/> A: Which one of these two books is yours?<br/>B: The&#160;<span class="encadrevert">new one</span>&#160;is mine.</dd>
  </dl>

  <div class="gris">
    Note that the numeral, '<b>one</b> ', replaces the noun, '<b>book</b> '.
  </div>

  <dl>
    <dt>Chinese:</dt>

    <dd><audio src="../Audio/Measure-IV-3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/> <span class="fondjaune">adjective + <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span></span><br/> A: <span class="pinyin">Zhèi liǎng běn shū něi běn shì nǐ-de?</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">这两本书哪本是你的？</span><br/> B:&#160;<span class="pinyin"><span class="encadrevert">Xīn de</span>&#160;shì wǒ-de.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">新的是我的。</span></dd>
  </dl>

  <div class="gris">
    Note that <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> replaces the noun, <span class="pinyin">shū</span> <span class="hanzi">书</span> book.
  </div>
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