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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>By being a quantified event.</title>
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  <div class="grisleger">
    A. By being a quantified event. (The event is bounded in terms of quantity or duration. The verb takes either a numeral and a measure word or a complement of duration.)
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  <ol>
    <li><audio src="../Audio/lele-IIA1.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Shàng gè yuè wǒ kàn-<span class="rouge">le</span> <span class="vert">sān běn</span> shū.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">上个月我看了三本书。</span><br/> Last month I read three books.<br/><br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      Note that when the event is quantified in terms of duration, depending on whether the verb takes an object, the sentence may take one of the following three patterns.
    </div></li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/lele-IIA1.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiěcuò-<span class="rouge">le</span> yí gè zì.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">我写错了一个字。</span><br/><br/> I wrote a character incorrectly.<br/><br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      Note that when the verb takes a <u><b>resultative complement</b></u> and a quantified object, the perfective aspect particle must be placed after the complement, not the verb.
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="trois">
      verb + resultative complement + <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> + quantified object
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      Verb without an object taking a complement of duration: 

  
  <br/>
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="trois">
      verb-<span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> + duration
    </div></li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/lele-IIA1.3.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zuótiān wǒ shuì-<span class="rouge">le</span> <span class="vert">bā gè zhōngtóu</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">昨天我睡了八个钟头。</span><br/> Yesterday I slept for eight hours.<br/><br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      Verb taking an object and a complement of duration:
      <br/>
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="trois">
      A: verb + object + reduplicated verb-<span class="rouge">le</span>&#160;+ duration.
    </div></li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/lele-IIA1.3.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zuótiān wǒ shuìjiào shuì-<span class="rouge">le</span> <span class="vert">bā gè zhōngtóu</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">昨天我睡觉睡了八个钟头。</span><br/> Yesterday I slept for eight hours.<br/><br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      Note that <span class="pinyin">shuìjiào</span> <span class="hanzi">睡觉</span> is a VO compound (Verb <span class="pinyin">shuì</span> <span class="hanzi">睡</span>+Object <span class="pinyin">jiào</span> <span class="hanzi">觉</span>). In this sentence, the first verb <span class="pinyin">shuì</span> <span class="hanzi">睡</span> in the verbal phrase <span class="pinyin">shuìjiào</span> <span class="hanzi">睡觉</span> does not function as the predicate verb. Instead, it takes the object <span class="pinyin">jiào</span> <span class="hanzi">觉</span> to simply name the activity meaning something like 'as to sleeping'. The second <span class="pinyin">shuì</span> <span class="hanzi">睡</span> is the main verb. This is why the aspect particle <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> is placed after the second <span class="pinyin">shuì</span> <span class="hanzi">睡</span>.<br/>
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      Verb taking an object and a complement of duration:

  
  <br/>

      <br/>
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="trois">
      B: verb-<span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> + duration + de&#160;<span class="hanzist">的</span>&#160;+ object
    </div></li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/lele-IIA1.3.3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zuótiān wǒ shuì-<span class="rouge">le</span> <span class="vert">bā gè zhōngtóu</span> de jiào.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">昨天我睡了八个钟头的觉。</span><br/> Yesterday I slept for eight hours.<br/><br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      <span class="pinyin">Shuìjiào</span> is a VO compound (Verb <span class="pinyin">shuì</span> <span class="hanzi">睡</span> + Object <span class="pinyin">jiào</span> <span class="hanzi">觉</span>). Not all compounds are VO. <span class="pinyin">Xuéxí</span> <span class="hanzi">学习</span> 'to study' and <span class="pinyin">gōngzuò</span> <span class="hanzi">工作</span> 'to work' are VV compounds (Verb <span class="pinyin">xué</span> <span class="hanzi">学</span> + Verb <span class="pinyin">xí</span> <span class="hanzi">习</span>, Verb <span class="pinyin">gōng</span><span class="hanzi"> 工</span>+ Verb <span class="pinyin">zuò</span><span class="hanzi">作</span>). VV compounds are treated as verbs and thus follow the pattern of 2 above.
    </div></li>
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