eric
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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
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<body>
  <div class="grisleger">
    B. Verbs of motion taking a simple directional complement
  </div>

  <p>Verbs of motion such as <span class="pinyin">shàng</span> <span class="hanzi">上</span>, <span class="pinyin">xià</span> <span class="hanzi">下</span>, <span class="pinyin">jìn</span> <span class="hanzi">进</span>, <span class="pinyin">chū</span> <span class="hanzi">出</span>, <span class="pinyin">huí</span> <span class="hanzi">回</span>, <span class="pinyin">guò</span> <span class="hanzi">过</span>, and <span class="pinyin">qǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">起</span> frequently take <span class="pinyin">lái</span> <span class="hanzi">来</span> and <span class="pinyin">qù</span> <span class="hanzi">去</span> as complements. Table 1 below shows <span class="pinyin">lái</span> <span class="hanzi">来</span> and <span class="pinyin">qù</span> <span class="hanzi">去</span> suffixed to verbs of motion to show whether the movement is toward the speaker or away from the speaker. In English, the direction of an action is usually indicated by the verbs 'come ' and 'go ', which are represented respectively by the verbs '<span class="pinyin">lái</span> <span class="hanzi">来</span> ' and <span class="pinyin">‘qù</span> <span class="hanzi">去 '</span> in Chinese. Note that as complements <span class="pinyin">lái</span> and <span class="pinyin">qù</span> have neutral tone when they are attached to verbs except for the verb <span class="pinyin">dào</span> <span class="hanzi">到</span>.</p>

  <p>Table 1. Simple Directional Complements</p>

  <table class="table2">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>
          verbs of motion<br/>

          <br/>

          simple directional<br/>

          complements
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">shàng</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">上</span><br/>

          to ascend
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">xià</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">下</span><br/>

          to descend
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">jìn</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">进</span><br/>

          to enter
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">chū</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">出</span><br/>

          to exit
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">huí</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">回</span><br/>

          to return
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">guó</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">过</span><br/>

          to cross
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">qǐ</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">起</span><br/>

          to rise
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">dào</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">到</span><br/>

          to reach
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td bgcolor="#4CAF50">
          <span class="pinyin">lái</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">来</span><br/>

          action proceeding <br/>

          toward the speaker
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shàng</span><span class="rouge">lai</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">上</span><span class="rouge">来</span><br/>

          come up
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">xià</span><span class="rouge">lai</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">下</span><span class="rouge">来</span><br/>

          come down
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jìn</span><span class="rouge">lai</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">进</span><span class="rouge">来</span><br/>

          come in(to)
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">chū</span><span class="rouge">lai</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">出</span><span class="rouge">来</span><br/>

          come out
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">huí</span><span class="rouge">lai</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">回</span><span class="rouge">来</span><br/>

          come back
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">guò</span><span class="rouge">lai</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">过</span><span class="rouge">来</span><br/>

          come over
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">qǐ</span><span class="rouge">lai</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">起</span><span class="rouge">来</span><br/>

          get up
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">dào ...</span><span class="rouge">lái</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">到 ...</span><span class="rouge">来</span><br/>

          come to
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td bgcolor="#4CAF50">
          <span class="pinyin">qù</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">去</span><br/>

          action moving away<br/>

          from where the speaker is
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">shàng</span><span class="rouge">qu</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">上</span><span class="rouge">去</span><br/>

          go up
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">xià</span><span class="rouge">qu</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">下</span><span class="rouge">去</span><br/>

          go down
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">jìn</span><span class="rouge">qu</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">进</span><span class="rouge">去</span><br/>

          go in(to)
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">chū</span><span class="rouge">qu</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">出</span><span class="rouge">去</span><br/>

          go out
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">huí</span><span class="rouge">qu</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">回</span><span class="rouge">去</span><br/>

          go back
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">guò</span><span class="rouge">qu</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">过</span><span class="rouge">去</span><br/>

          go over
        </td>

        <td>
          N./A.
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">dào ...</span><span class="rouge">qù</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">到 ...</span><span class="rouge">去</span><br/>

          go to
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <hr/>

  <div class="gris">
    The examples below show how these compounds are used in sentences:
  </div>

  <ol>
    <li><ol>
      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">shàng</span><span class="rouge">lai</span> <span class="hanzi">上来</span> (to come up)
      </div>

<br/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        <img alt="image1" src="../Images/Quxiang1d1.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/>
		Note: The speaker is upstairs. The listener is downstairs.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-1.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ zài lóushàng, qǐng nǐ <b>shàng</b></span><span class="rouge">lai.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">我在楼上，请你上来。</span><br/> I 'm upstairs. Please come up.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="rouge"><span style="color: blue;">shàng</span>qu</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">上去</span>&#160;(to go up)
      </div>

<br/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        <img alt="Quxiang1d1" src="../Images/Quxiang1d2.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> Note: Both the speaker and the listener are at the foot of the hill.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-1.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tīngshuō shān-shang fēngjǐng hěn měi. Nǐ xiǎng bù xiǎng <b>shàng</b><span class="rouge">qu</span>kàn kan.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">听说山上风景很美。你想不想上去看看？</span><br/> I heard that the view on the top of the mountain was beautiful. Would you like to go up to take a look?</li>
    </ol>

 　</li>

    <br/>

    <li><ol>
      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">xià</span><span class="rouge">lai</span> <span class="hanzi">下来</span> (to come down)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang2d1" src="../Images/Quxiang2d1.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker and the listener are downstairs. The speaker tells the listener that he is going upstairs.
      </div>

 　 <br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-2.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā zài lóushàng. Wǒ qù jiào tā <b>xià</b><span class="rouge">lai</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">他在楼上。我去叫他下来</span>。<br/>He's upstairs. I 'll go to tell him to come down.</li>


      　 <br/>

      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">xià</span><span class="rouge">qu</span> <span class="hanzi">下去</span> (to go down)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang2d2" src="../Images/Quxiang2d2.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker and the listener are upstairs. The speaker asks the listener to go downstairs.
      </div>

 　<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-2.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/> <span class="pinyin">Lóuxià yǒu rén jiào mén. Nǐ <b>xià</b><span class="rouge">qu&#160;</span>kànkan shì shéi.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">楼下有人叫门。你下去看看是谁。</span><br/> Someone is knocking on the door. Go down to see who it is.</li>
    </ol>

 　</li>

    <br/>

    <li><ol>
      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">jìnlai</span> <span class="hanzi">进</span> <span class="rouge">来</span> (to come in)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang3d1" src="../Images/Quxiang3d1.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker is inside the house asking the listener to come inside.
      </div>

 　<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-3.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wàitou nàme lěng, nǐ kuài <b>jìn</b><span class="rouge">lai&#160;</span>ba.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">外头那么冷，你快进来吧。</span><br/> it's so cold outside. Quickly come in.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">jìn</span><span class="rouge">qu</span> <span class="hanzi">进去</span> (to go in)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang3d2" src="../Images/Quxiang3d2.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: Both the speaker and the listener are outside the house.
      </div>

 　<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-3.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tài lěng le. Wǒmen kuài <b>jìn</b><span class="rouge">qu&#160;</span>ba.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">太冷了，我们快进去吧。</span><br/> it's too cold. Let 's quickly go in.<br/></li>
    </ol>

 　</li>

    <br/>

    <li><ol>
      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">chū</span><span class="rouge">lai</span> <span class="hanzi">出</span><span class="rouge">来</span> (to come out)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang4d1" src="../Images/Quxiang4d1.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker is outside the house. The listener is inside.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-4.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Fángzi-li tài rè le. Nǐ kuài <b>chū</b><span class="rouge">lai&#160;</span>ba.</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">房子里太热了，你快出来吧。</span><br/> it's too hot in the house. Quickly come out. 　</li>

      <br/>

      <br/>

      <br/>

      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">chū</span><span class="rouge">qu</span> <span class="hanzi">出去</span> (to go out)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang4d2" src="../Images/Quxiang4d2.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker and the listener are inside the house.
      </div>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tiānqi zhēn hǎo! Wǒmen <b>chū</b><span class="rouge">qu&#160;</span>zǒu zou ba.</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">天气真好！我们出去走走吧。</span><br/> The weather is really nice! Let 's go out and take a walk.</li>
    </ol>

 　</li>

    <br/>

    <li><ol>
      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">huí</span><span class="rouge">lai</span> <span class="hanzi">回来</span> (to come back)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang5d1" src="../Images/Quxiang5d1.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker and the listener are at the same place. The speaker is going to take a short trip. He tells the listener he 'll be back in the evening the next day.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-5.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ míngtiān wǎnshang h<b>uí</b></span><span class="rouge">lai.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">我明天晚上回来。</span><br/> I 'm coming back tomorrow.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">huí</span><span class="rouge">qu</span> <span class="hanzi">回去</span> (to go back)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang5d2" src="../Images/Quxiang5d2.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker and the listener are in Shanghai. The speaker tells the listener that he is returning to Beijing the next day.
      </div>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ míngtiān <b>huí</b><span class="rouge">qu</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">我明天回去。</span><br/> I 'm going back tomorrow.</li>
    </ol>

 　</li>

    <br/>

    <li><ol>
      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">guò</span><span class="rouge">lai</span> <span class="hanzi">过来</span> (to come over)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang6d1" src="../Images/Quxiang6d1.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker asks the listener to come over to where he is.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-6.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin"><b>Guò</b><span class="rouge">lai&#160;</span>shì shi zhèi jiàn máoyī.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">过来试试这件毛衣。</span><br/> Come over here and try this sweater on.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">guò</span><span class="rouge">qu</span> <span class="hanzi">过去</span> (to go over)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang6d2" src="../Images/Quxiang6d2.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker and the listener are not at the lake.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-6.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tīngshuō nèibiān yǒu yí gè xiǎo hú. Wǒmen <b>guò</b><span class="rouge">qu&#160;</span>kànkan.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">听说那边有一个小湖，我们过去看看。</span><br/> I heard there's a small lake over there. Let 's go over there to take a look.</li>
    </ol></li>

    <br/>

    <br/>

    <li>　 

    <ol>
      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">qǐ</span><span class="rouge">lai</span> <span class="hanzi">起来</span> (to rise, to get up)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang7d1" src="../Images/Quxiang7d1.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker asks the listener to get out of bed.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-7.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Yǐjīng bā diǎn le. Kuài <b>qǐ</b><span class="rouge">lai&#160;</span>ba.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">已经八点了。快起来吧。</span><br/> it's already eight o 'clock. Get up quickly.</li>
    </ol>

 　</li>

    <br/>

    <li><ol>
      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">dào</span> + place + <span class="rouge">lái</span> <span class="hanzi">到 ...... 来</span> (to come to)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang8d1" src="../Images/Quxiang8d1.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker is in Beijing. 　
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-8.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Huānyíng nǐ <b>dào</b> Běijīng&#160;<span class="rouge">lái</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">欢迎你到北京来。</span><br/> Welcome (you) to Beijing.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><div class="gris">
        <span class="pinyin">dào</span> + place + <span class="rouge">qù</span> <span class="hanzi">到 ...... 去</span> (to go to)
      </div>

<br/><img alt="Quxiang8d2" src="../Images/Quxiang8d2.jpg" style="float:left;width:150px;height:150px;"/> 

      <div class="grisleger">
        Note: The speaker is not in France.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <audio src="../Audio/direction-IB-8.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ hěn xiǎng <b>dào</b> Fǎguó&#160;<span class="rouge">qù</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">我很想到法国去。</span><br/> I very much want to go to France.</li>
    </ol>

 　</li>
  </ol>
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