eric
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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <div class="grisleger">
    D. The placement of the simple directional complement, the object and <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>.
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  <ol>
    <div class="gris">
      1. If the verb does not take an object and the action has already been executed, the modal particle <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> indicating accomplished fact is used at the end of the sentence.
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    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-ID-1.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā yǐjīng <b>huí</b><span class="rouge">qu&#160;</span>le.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">他已经回去了。</span><br/> He has already gone back.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-ID-1.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Xiǎo Wáng <b>jìn</b><span class="rouge">lai&#160;</span>le ma?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">小王进来了吗？</span><br/> Has Young Wang come in yet?</li>

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      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-ID-1.3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Háizi-men dōu <b>qǐ</b><span class="rouge">lai&#160;</span>le.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">孩子们都起来了。</span><br/> The children have all gotten up/out of bed.</li>
    </ol>

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    <div class="gris">
      2. If the object refers to a place, it is usually placed between the verb and the simple directional complement. In such a sentence, if the action has already taken place, the modal particle le <span class="hanzi">了</span> is used to indicate that it is an accomplished fact. Le <span class="hanzi">了</span> is placed at the end of the sentence.
    </div>

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    <div class="trois">
      verb + place + simple directional complement + (<span class="pinyin">le</span>)
    </div>

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    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-ID-2.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā huí&#160;<span class="fondjaune">lǎojiā&#160;</span><span class="rouge">qu&#160;</span>le.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">他回老家去了。</span><br/> He has returned to his hometown.</li>

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      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-ID-2.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Xiǎo Wáng bú zài jiā. Tā <b>jìn</b><span class="fondjaune">chéng&#160;</span><span class="rouge">qu&#160;</span>le.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">小王不在家。他进城去了。</span><br/> Young Wang is not home. He is gone to the city.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-ID-2.3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Qǐng nǐ <b>dào&#160;</b><span class="fondjaune">lóushàng&#160;</span><span class="rouge">lái.</span></span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">请你到楼上来。</span><br/> Please come upstairs.</li>
    </ol>

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    <div class="gris">
      3. If the object is not a place, it is usually placed after the complement. When the aspect particle <span class="pinyin">–le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> occurs in this kind of sentence, it is usually placed immediately after the complement.
    </div>

    <br/>

    <div class="trois">
      verb + simple directional complement + (<span class="pinyin">-le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>) + (numerical measure word or other qualifier) + object
    </div>

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    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-ID-3.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā <b>ná </b><span class="rouge">lái-le</span> liǎng zhāng </span><span class="fondjaune">diànyǐng piào.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">他拿来了两张电影票。</span><br/> He came and gave us two movie tickets.</li>

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      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-ID-3.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Qǐng gěi tā <b>dài</b><span class="rouge"> qù</span> jǐ běn</span><span class="fondjaune"> xiǎoshuō.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">请给他带去几本小说。</span><br/> Please bring a few novels over to him.</li>
    </ol>
  </ol>
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