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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>B. The placement of the object and modal particle &lt;span class="pinyin"&gt;le &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hanzi"&gt;了 &lt;/span&gt;in the sentence</title>
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    B. The placement of the object and modal particle <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> in the sentence
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    <li><div class="gris">
      If the verb takes an object which refers to a place, the object is inserted into the compound complement. In such a sentence, if the action has already taken place, the modal particle <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> is used to indicate that it is an accomplished fact. <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> is placed at the end of the sentence.
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    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-IIB-1.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Lǐ jiā <b>bān&#160;</b><span class="rouge">huí&#160;</span> <span class="fondjaune">Běijīng</span> <span class="rouge">qu</span> le.</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">李家搬回北京去了。</span> <br/>The Li family has moved back to Beijing.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-IIB-1.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Liǎng diǎnzhōng yí dào, xuéshēng-men jiù dōu <b>pǎo</b> <span class="rouge">jìn</span> <span class="fondjaune">jiàoshì</span> <span class="rouge">lái</span> le.</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">两点钟一到，学生们就都跑进教室来了。</span><br/> As soon as it strikes two o 'clock, the students all ran into the classroom.</li>
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    <li><div class="gris">
      If the object refers to something other than a place and it is<span class="rouge">a generic or indefinite object</span>, it is usually placed after the compound directional complement. The aspect particle –<span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> and the modal particle <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> are not commonly used in this kind of sentences.
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    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-IIB-2.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā <b>ná</b><span class="rouge">chūlai</span><span class="fondjaune">èrshí kuài qián</span>.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">他拿出来二十块钱。</span><br/> He took out <b><u>$20</u></b> dollars.</li>

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      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-IIB-2.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tāmen <b>bān</b><span class="rouge">jìnqu</span></span><span class="fondjaune">yí gè dà xiāngzi.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">他们搬进去一个大箱子。</span> <br/>They moved <b><u>a</u></b> big crate inside.</li>
    </ol></li>

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    <li><div class="gris">
      If the object refers to something other than a place and the object has been previously mentioned or is something both the speaker and the listener know, the<u><span class="hanzi"><span class="pinyin">bǎ</span>把</span><b>construction</b></u> is most commonly used to displace the object to the pre-verbal position and comment on what has happened to the object. If the action is an accomplished fact, the modal particle <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> should be used and placed at the end of the sentence.
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    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-IIB-3.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā <b>bǎ</b><span class="fondjaune"><span class="vert">nèi</span>èrshí kuài qián</span><b>ná</b><span class="rouge">chūlai</span>le.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">他把那二十块钱拿出来了。</span><br/> He took out <b><u>the</u></b> $20 dollars.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/direction-IIB-3.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tāmen <b>bǎ</b><span class="fondjaune"><span class="vert">nèi gè</span>dà xiāngzi</span><b>bān</b><span class="rouge">jìnqu</span>le.</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">他们把那个大箱子搬进去了。</span><br/> They moved <b><u>the</u></b> big crate inside.</li>
    </ol></li>
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