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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <span class="grisleger">VIII. Stative verb as the complement</span>

     <p><span class="gris">Only stative verbs and verbs can be used as resultative complements.</span></p>

    <p>Stative verbs, such as <span class="pinyin">duì</span> <span class="hanzi">对</span> correct, <span class="pinyin">cuò</span> <span class="hanzi">错</span> wrong, <span class="pinyin">hǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">好</span> good, <span class="pinyin">huài</span> <span class="hanzi">坏</span> broken, <span class="pinyin">bǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">饱</span> full, <span class="pinyin">qīngchu</span> <span class="hanzi">清楚 </span>clear, etc, can be used as resultative complements. Most stative verbs are monosyllabic, only a few are disyllabic. These stative verbs are suffixed to verbs to emphasize different resultative aspects of the action.</p>

    <ol>
      <li><span class="gris"><span class="pinyin">-duì</span> <span class="hanzi">对</span> correct</span> <br/><br/> 

      <ol>
        <li><span class="pinyin">huídáduì</span> <span class="hanzi">回答对</span> answer correctly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">cāiduì</span> <span class="hanzi">猜对</span> guess correctly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">shuōduì</span> <span class="hanzi">说对</span> speak correctly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">xiěduì</span> <span class="hanzi">写对</span> write correctly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">zuòduì</span> <span class="hanzi">做对</span> do correctly</li>

        <li>etc.</li>
      </ol>

<br/> 

      <div class="exemple">
        <b> Example</b>: <br/>

        <div class="exampleCorps">
          <span class="fondjaune"><span class="pinyin">huídáduì</span> <span class="hanzi">回答对</span> (<span class="pinyin">huídá</span> <span class="hanzi">回答</span> to answer + <span class="pinyin">duì</span> <span class="hanzi">对</span> correct): answer correctly</span> <br/>

          <audio src="../Audio/Complement-result-VIIIstative-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

          <br/>

          <span class="pinyin">Nèixiē wèntí tā dōu huídáduì le.</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">那些问题她都回答对了。</span><br/>

          She answered all of the questions correctly.
        </div>
      </div></li>

      <br/>

      <br/>

      <li><span class="gris"><span class="pinyin">-cuò</span> <span class="hanzi">错</span> incorrect, wrong</span> <br/><br/> 

      <ol>
        <li><span class="pinyin">huídácuò</span> <span class="hanzi">回答错</span> answer incorrectly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">cāicuò</span> <span class="hanzi">猜错</span> guess incorrectly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">shuōcuò</span> <span class="hanzi">说错</span> speak/say incorrectly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">xiěcuò</span> <span class="hanzi">写错</span> write incorrectly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">kàncuò</span> <span class="hanzi">看错</span> see/read incorrectly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">tīngcuò</span> <span class="hanzi">听错</span> hear incorrectly</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">zuòcuò</span> <span class="hanzi">做错</span> do incorrectly</li>

        <li>etc.</li>
      </ol>

<br/> 

      <div class="exemple">
        <b> Example</b>: <br/>

        <div class="exampleCorps">
          <span class="fondjaune"><span class="pinyin">xiěcuò</span> <span class="hanzi">写错</span>: <span class="pinyin">xiě</span> <span class="hanzi">写</span> to write + <span class="pinyin">cuò</span> <span class="hanzi">错</span> incorrect ⇒ write incorrectly</span> <br/>

          <audio src="../Audio/Complement-result-VIIIstative-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

          <br/>

          <span class="pinyin">Zhèi ge zì nǐ xiěcuò le. Yīnggāi xiě 'tiān ', kěshì nǐ xiě de shì 'fū '.</span><br/>

          <span class="hanzi">这个字你写错了。应该写‘天 '，可是你写的是‘夫 '。</span><br/>

          You wrote this character incorrectly. You should have written <span class="pinyin">tiān</span> <span class="hanzi">天</span>, but you wrote <span class="pinyin">fū</span> <span class="hanzi">夫</span> instead.
        </div>
      </div></li>

      <br/>

      <br/>

      <li><span class="gris"><span class="pinyin">-hǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">好</span> achieve completion/achieve an adequate result </span> <br/><br/> 

      <ol>
        <li><span class="pinyin">zuòhǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">做好</span> done; finish doing<br/></li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">zhǔnbèihǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">准备好</span> finish preparing<br/></li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">xiěhǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">写好</span> finish writing<br/></li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">xiūhǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">修好</span> fixed; repaired<br/></li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">xuéhǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">学好</span> study well<br/></li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">shuìhǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">睡好</span> sleep well<br/></li>

        <li>etc.<br/></li>
      </ol>

<br/> 

      <div class="exemple">
        <b>Example 1:</b><br/>

        <span class="fondjaune"><span class="pinyin">zuòhǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">做好</span> (<span class="pinyin">zuò</span> <span class="hanzi">做</span> to do/to cook + <span class="pinyin">hǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">好</span> done) done; finish doing</span><br/>

        <audio src="../Audio/Complement-result-VIIIstative-3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

        <br/>

        <span class="pinyin">Wǎnfàn zuòhǎo le.</span> <br/>

        <span class="hanzi">晚饭做好了。</span> <br/>

        Dinner is ready.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <div class="exemple">
        <b>Example 2:</b><br/>

        <audio src="../Audio/Complement-result-VIIIstative-4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

        <br/>

        <span class="fondjaune"><span class="pinyin">xiūhǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">修好</span> (<span class="pinyin">xiū</span> <span class="hanzi">修</span> fix/repair + <span class="pinyin">hǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">好</span> good): fixed; repaired</span><br/>

        <span class="pinyin">Wǒ-de chē hái méi xiūhǎo ne.</span> <span class="hanzi">我的车还没修好呢。</span> My car is not yet fixed.
      </div>

<br/> 

      <div class="exemple">
        <b>Example 3: </b><br/>

        <span class="fondjaune"><span class="pinyin">shuìhǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">睡好</span> (<span class="pinyin">shuì</span> <span class="hanzi">睡</span> sleep + <span class="pinyin">hǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">好</span> well): sleep well</span><br/>

        <audio src="../Audio/Complement-result-VIIIstative-5.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

        <br/>

        <span class="pinyin">Zuótiān wǎnshàng wǒ méi shuìhǎo jiào, suǒyǐ jīntiān juéde hěn lèi.</span> <br/>

        <span class="hanzi">昨天晚上我没睡好觉，所以今天觉得很累。</span> <br/>

        Last night I did not sleep well, so I feel tired today.<br/>
      </div>

<br/></li>

      <li><span class="gris"><span class="pinyin">-huài</span> <span class="hanzi">坏</span> bad; broken <span class="pinyin">nònghuài</span> <span class="hanzi">弄坏</span> break; cause something to break </span><br/><br/> 

      <div class="exemple">
        <b>Example:</b><br/>

        <span class="fondjaune"><span class="pinyin">nònghuài</span> <span class="hanzi">弄坏</span> (<span class="pinyin">nòng</span> <span class="hanzi">弄</span> to cause + <span class="pinyin">huài</span> <span class="hanzi">坏</span> broken): break</span> <br/>

        <audio src="../Audio/Complement-result-VIIIstative-6.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

        <br/>

        <span style="color: blue; font-size: 20px;">Tā bǎ wǒ-de diànnǎo nònghuài le.</span><br/>

        <span class="hanzi">他把我的电脑弄坏了。</span> <br/>

        He broke my computer.
      </div></li>

      <br/>

      <br/>

      <li><span class="gris"><span class="pinyin">-bǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">饱</span> full (often suffixed to <span class="pinyin">chī</span> <span class="hanzi">吃</span>) <span style="color: blue; font-size: 20px;">chībǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">吃饱</span> full (as a result of eating)</span> <br/> 

      <div class="exemple">
        <b>Example:</b> <br/>

        <audio src="../Audio/Complement-result-VIIIstative-7.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

        <br/>

        <span class="fondjaune"><span class="pinyin">chībǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">吃饱</span> (<span class="pinyin">chī</span> <span class="hanzi">吃</span> eat + <span class="pinyin">bǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">饱</span> full): full as a result of eating</span><br/>

        <span class="pinyin">Wǒ chībǎo le, bù néng zài chī le.</span> <br/>

        <span class="hanzi">我吃饱了，不能再吃了。</span> <br/>

        I 'm full, I can't eat any more.
      </div></li>

      <br/>

      <li><span class="gris"><span class="pinyin">-qīngchu</span> <span class="hanzi">清楚</span> clear</span> <br/><br/> 

      <ol>
        <li><span class="pinyin">kànqīngchu</span> <span class="hanzi">看清楚</span> see clearlybr/&gt;</li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">tīngqīngchu</span> <span class="hanzi">听清楚</span> hear clearly<br/></li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">shuōqīngchu</span> <span class="hanzi">说清楚</span> speak clearly<br/></li>

        <li><span class="pinyin">xiěqīngchu</span> <span class="hanzi">写清楚</span> write clearly<br/></li>

        <li>etc.<br/></li>
      </ol>

<br/> 

      <div class="exemple">
        <b>Example:</b><br/>

        <span class="fondjaune"><span class="pinyin">tīngqīngchu</span> <span class="hanzi">听清楚</span>(<span class="pinyin">tīng</span> <span class="hanzi">听</span> listen + <span class="pinyin">qīngchu</span> <span class="hanzi">清楚</span> clear) hear clearly</span><br/>

        <audio src="../Audio/Complement-result-VIIIstative-8.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

        <br/>

        <span class="pinyin">Duìbùqǐ, wǒ méi tīngqīngchu. Qǐng zài shuō yí biàn.</span><br/>

        <span class="hanzi">对不起，我没听清楚，请再说一遍。</span><br/>

        Sorry, I didn't hear clearly. Please say it again.
      </div></li>
    </ol>
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