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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>II. The structure and features of the potential complement</title>
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  <div class="grisleger">
    II. The structure and features of the potential complement
  </div>

  <table class="table2">
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>
          Positive form
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="fondjaune">predicate verb +&#160;<span class="pinyin">de</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">得</span>&#160;+ verb/stative verb<br/></span><br/>

          zuòdewán <span class="hanzi">做得完</span> can finish doing ...
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Negative form
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="fondjaune">predicate verb +&#160;<span class="pinyin">bù</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">不</span>&#160;+ verb/stative verb<br/></span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">zuòbùwán</span> <span class="hanzi">做不完</span> can't finish doing ...
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          <span class="pinyin">Ma</span> <span class="hanzi">吗</span> question form
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="fondjaune">predicate verb +&#160;<span class="pinyin">de</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">得</span>&#160;+ verb/stative verb +&#160;<span class="pinyin">ma</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">吗</span>?<br/></span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">zuòdewán ma?</span> <span class="hanzi">做得完吗？</span>can finish doing?
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td>
          Choice-type question form
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="fondjaune">predicate verb +&#160;<span class="pinyin">de</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">得</span>&#160;+ verb/stative verb + predicate verb +&#160;<span class="pinyin">bù</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">不</span>&#160;+ verb/stative verb<br/></span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">zuòdewán zuòbùwán?</span> <span class="hanzi">做得完做不完？</span>can finish doing?
        </td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>

  <ol>
    <li>The negative form uses <span class="pinyin">bù</span> <span class="hanzi">不</span> to replace <span class="hanzi">de</span> <span class="hanzi">得</span>.</li>

    <li>Potential complements do not take <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>, because they express possibility, not an accomplished fact or completion of an action.</li>

    <li>Potential complements are not used in <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">把</span>-Sentences because <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">把</span>-sentences focus on result, not possibility.</li>

    <li>The positive form and the <span class="pinyin">ma</span> <span class="hanzi">吗</span> -question form can use <span class="pinyin">néng</span> <span class="hanzi">能</span> before the predicate verb. It does not change the meaning of the sentence.</li>

    <li>Potential complements cannot be modified by adverbs such as <span class="pinyin">hěn</span> <span class="hanzi">很</span>, <span class="pinyin">fēicháng</span> <span class="hanzi">非常</span>, etc.</li>
  </ol>

  <span class="gris">Before you move on, study some examples of these forms in complete sentences.</span>

  <ol>
    <li><span class="gris">Positive form </span><br/> 

    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II1.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Jīntiān de gōngzuò bù duō, liǎng diǎn yǐqián yídìng gàndewán.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">今天的工作不多，两点以前一定干得完。</span><br/> There is not much work today. We can definitely finish it before two o 'clock.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II1.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zhèi zhāng zhuōzi bú zhòng, wǒ yí ge rén bāndedòng.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">这张桌子不重，我一个人搬得动。</span><br/> This table is not heavy. I can move it by myself.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II1.3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Bú yòng kāi dēng, wǒ kàndeqīngchu.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">不用开灯，我看得清楚。</span><br/> No need to turn on the light. I can see clearly.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II1.4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā zhème yònggōng, yídìng kǎodeshàng dàxué.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">他这么用功，一定考得上大学。</span><br/> He's so hardworking. He will definitely be able to pass the college entrance exam.</li>
    </ol></li>

    <br/>

    <li><span class="gris">Negative form </span><br/><br/> 

    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II2.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zhèixiē Hànzì zhēn nán xiě, wǒ zǒngshì xiěbùhǎo.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">这些汉字真难写，我总是写不好。</span><br/> These characters are really hard to write. I can never write them well.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II2.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ-de Yīngwén shū zhǎobúdào le.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">我的英文书找不到了。</span><br/> I can't find my English book any more.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II2.3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Hē-le chá wǒ jiù shuìbùzháo jiào le.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">喝了茶我就睡不着觉了。</span><br/> After drinking tea, I won't be able to fall asleep.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II2.4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Shuōbúduì kěyǐ zài shuō yí biàn.</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">说不对可以再说一边。</span><br/> If you can't say it correctly, you may say it again.</li>
    </ol></li>

    <br/>

    <li><span class="gris">Ma question form</span> <br/><br/> 

    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II3.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Yì tiān xué liù ge Hànzì, nǐ jìdezhù ma?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">一天学六个汉字，你记得住吗？</span><br/> You study six characters a day. Can you remember them?</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II3.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā shuō de zhème kuài, nǐ tīngdedǒng ma?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">他说得这么快，你听得懂吗？</span><br/> He speaks so fast. Can you understand?</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II3.3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zuòzài hòubiānr de tóngxué kàndeqīngchu ma?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">坐在后边儿的同学看得清楚吗？</span><br/> Can students sitting in the back see clearly?</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II3.4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐ yí ge rén chīdeliǎo zhème duō fàn ma?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">你一个人吃得了这么多饭吗？</span><br/> Can you alone eat so much food?</li>
    </ol></li>

    <br/>

    <li><span class="gris">Choice-type question form</span> <br/><br/> 

    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II4.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Shān hěn gāo, nǐ shàngdeqù shàngbúqù?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">山很高，你上得去上不去？</span><br/> The mountain is high. Can you climb it?</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II4.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐ míngtiān láideliǎo láibùliǎo?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">你明天来得了来不了？</span><br/> Can you come tomorrow?</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II4.3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā pǎodekuài pǎobúkuài?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">他跑得快跑不快？</span><br/> Can he run fast?</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II4.4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zhèi jiān jiàoshì zuòdexià zuòbúxià èrshí ge rén?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">这间教室坐得下坐不下二十个人？</span><br/> Can this classroom seat twenty people?</li>
    </ol></li>

    <br/>

    <li><span class="gris">used with <span class="pinyin">néng</span> <span class="hanzi">能</span></span> <br/><br/> 

    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II5.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zhème duō gōngzuò nǐ néng gàndewán ma?</span> <br/> <span class="hanzi">这么多工作你能干得完吗？</span><br/> Can you finish so much work?</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/potential-II5.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ néng tīngdedǒng shōuyīnjīli de Zhōngwén jiémù.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">我能听得懂收音机里的中文节目。</span><br/> I can understand the Chinese programs on the radio.</li>
    </ol></li>
  </ol>
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