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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>IV. The potential complement in idiomatic expressions</title>
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  <div class="grisleger">
    IV. The potential complement in idiomatic expressions
  </div>

  <ol>
    <li><div class="gris">
      -<span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">得</span>, expressing whether “it is O.K. to...”, is commonly used in its negative form; the verb preceding it must be a monosyllabic verb. -<span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">得</span> when used as a complement has unique positive and negative forms. For example:
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <b>positive:</b> <span class="pinyin">chīde</span> <span class="hanzi">吃得</span> okay to eat/can be eaten/edible         
      <br/>

      <b>negative:</b> <span class="pinyin">chībùde</span> <span class="hanzi">吃不得</span> not okay to eat/cannot be eaten/not edible
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV1-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Zhèi zhǒng mógu chīde, nèizhǒng chībùde.</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">这种蘑菇</span> (<span class="pinyin">mógu</span>, mushroom) <span class="hanzi">吃得 ，那种吃不得。</span><br/>

      This kind of mushroom is edible, the other isn't.
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV1-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Zhèi zhāng huàr jiànbùde guāng.</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">这张画儿见不得光。</span><br/>

      This painting cannot/is not okay to be exposed to sunlight.
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV1-3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Tā zuò de shì jiànbùde rén.</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">他做的事见不得人。</span><br/>

      His doings cannot be made known/are not okay to be presented (to people).
    </div></li>

    <br/>

    <li><div class="gris">
      <span class="pinyin">Liǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> is a verb often used as a potential complement, expressing whether or not an action can be carried on, or whether an action can achieve a positive result---due to the ability or circumstances of the person acting. However, liǎo matches only certain verbs such as <span class="pinyin">zuò</span> <span class="hanzi">做</span>, <span class="pinyin">gàn</span> <span class="hanzi">干</span>, <span class="pinyin">bàn</span> <span class="hanzi">办</span>, <span class="pinyin">qù</span> <span class="hanzi">去</span>, <span class="pinyin">lái</span> <span class="hanzi">来</span>, <span class="pinyin">zǒu</span> <span class="hanzi">走</span>, <span class="pinyin">dào</span> <span class="hanzi">到</span>, <span class="pinyin">ná</span> <span class="hanzi">拿</span>, <span class="pinyin">bān</span> <span class="hanzi">搬</span>, <span class="pinyin">chī</span> <span class="hanzi">吃</span>, <span class="pinyin">hē</span> <span class="hanzi">喝</span>, <span class="pinyin">xué</span> <span class="hanzi">学</span>, <span class="pinyin">xiě</span> <span class="hanzi">写</span>, <span class="pinyin">kàn</span> <span class="hanzi">看</span>, <span class="pinyin">tīng</span> <span class="hanzi">听</span>, <span class="pinyin">shuō</span> <span class="hanzi">说</span>, etc. Below are a few examples.
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV2-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Zhèi zhǒng gōngzuò tā zuòdeliǎo ma?</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">这种工作他做得了吗？</span><br/>

      Can he do this kind of work?
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV2-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒ hěn máng, qùbùliǎo.</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">明天我很忙，去不了。</span><br/>

      I 'll be busy tomorrow. I cannot go.
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV2-3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Dōngxi tài duō le, nǐ yí ge rén nádeliǎo ma?</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">东西太多了，你一个人拿得了吗？</span><br/>

      There are so many things. Can you carry them alone?
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV2-4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Wǒ chībùliǎo zhème duō fàn.</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">我吃不了这么多饭。</span><br/>

      I cannot eat so much food.
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV2-5.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Wǒ-de péngyǒu dāngzhōng méi yǒu yí ge rén xiědeliǎo zhème piàoliang de Hànzì.</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">我的朋友当中没有一个人写得了这么漂亮的汉字。</span><br/>

      None of my friends can write such beautiful characters.
    </div></li>

    <br/>

    <li><div class="gris">
      <span class="pinyin">tándelái</span> <span class="hanzi">谈得来</span> can get along with                <span class="pinyin">tánbùlái</span> <span class="hanzi">谈不来</span> cannot get along with
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Nǐ gēn Xiǎo Wáng tándelái tánbùlái?</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">你跟小王谈得来谈不来？ </span><br/>

      Can you and Xiao Wang get along with each other?
    </div></li>

    <br/>

    <li><div class="gris">
      <span class="pinyin">qǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">起</span>: affordability
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Jìnkǒu de dōngxi tài guì le, wǒ mǎibùqǐ.</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">进口的东西太贵了，我买不起。</span> <br/>

      Imported things are too expensive. I can't afford them.
    </div></li>

    <br/>

    <li><div class="gris">
      <span class="pinyin">duìdeqǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">对得起</span> not let (someone) down                   <span class="pinyin">duìbuqǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">对不起</span> let (someone) down; sorry
    </div>

<br/> 

    <div class="exemple">
      <audio src="../Audio/potential-IV5.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

      <br/>

      <span class="pinyin">Nǐ duìdeqǐ fùmǔ ma?</span> <br/>

      <span class="hanzi">你对得起父母吗？</span><br/>

      Aren't you letting your parents down?
    </div></li>
  </ol>
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