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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>IV. The elements after the predicate verb</title>
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    IV. The elements after the predicate verb
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  <p>The predicate verb, except for some disyllabic verbs with built-in resultative components such as <span class="pinyin">qǔxiāo</span> <span class="hanzi">取消</span>(to cancel) and <span class="pinyin">suōxiǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">缩小</span> (to reduce), must take a complementary element such as a complement, a locative phrase, an indirect object, and so on. The following shows what elements usually follow the verb.</p>

  <ol>
    <li><div class="gris">
      <b>RESULTATIVE</b>
+ resultative complement (+ <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>)
Stating what result has been accomplished or is anticipated
    </div>

<br/> 

    <ol>
      <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-1.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen bǎ Zhōngwén zuòyè zuòwán le.</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">我们把中文作业做完了。</span><br/> We have finished our Chinese homework.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-1.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Qǐng bǎ mén dǎkāi.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">请把门打开。</span><br/> Please open the door.</li>

      <br/>

      <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-1.3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zhèi liǎng tiān kě bǎ wǒmen mánghuài le.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">这两天可把我们忙坏了。</span><br/> We were terribly busy the last few days.</li>
    </ol>

    <p>Note 1: Though stative verbs such as <span class="pinyin">huài</span> <span class="hanzi">坏</span>, <span class="pinyin">tòu</span> <span class="hanzi">透</span>, <span class="pinyin">sǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">死</span> show degree when placed after a stative verb or verb of mental activity, they are considered complements of result due to the structure.)</p>

    <p>Note 2: Since the function of the <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">把</span> sentence is to show what has happened to the direct object as a result of the action, the predicate verb and its complement must comment on the direct object, not on the subject or any other element. There is still a verb-object relationship even though the object has been displaced to a position before the verb. Such a relationship can be seen in Sentences 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 above.</p>

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    <div class="deux">
      VERB + COMPLEMENT + OBJECT
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    <div class="exemple" align="center">
      <table class="table1" border="1px" width="60%">
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            <td>
              <span class="pinyin">Zuòwán</span> <span class="hanzi">做完</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              <span class="pinyin">Zhōngwén zuòyè</span> <span class="hanzi">中文作业</span>
            </td>
          </tr>

          <tr>
            <td>
              <span class="pinyin">Dǎkāi</span> <span class="hanzi">打开</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              <span class="pinyin">mén</span> <span class="hanzi">门</span>
            </td>
          </tr>

          <tr>
            <td>
              <span class="pinyin">Mánghuài</span> <span class="hanzi">忙坏</span>
            </td>

            <td>
              <span class="pinyin">wǒ</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span>
            </td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
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    <hr/>

    <ol type="A">
      <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-1A.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ bǎ fàn chīwán le.</span> (Grammatical) <br/> <span class="hanzi">我把饭吃完了。</span><br/> I finished the meal/food.<br/><br/> 

      <div class="gris">
        This sentence shows what has happened to the food---it has been finished.
      </div></li>

      <br/>

      <li><span class="pinyin"><strike>Wǒ bǎ fàn chībǎo le.</strike></span> (Ungrammatical)<br/> <span class="hanzi"><strike>我把饭吃饱了。</strike></span> (doesn't make sense)</li>
    </ol>

    <p>The verb takes a resultative complement <span class="pinyin">bǎo</span> <span class="hanzi">饱</span> '<b>full</b>', which comments on the subject, <span class="pinyin">wǒ</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span> '<b>I</b>', instead of the object <span class="pinyin">fàn</span> <span class="hanzi">饭</span> '<b>food</b> '.Since '<b>full</b>' is not what has happened to the '<b>food</b> ' but rather how '<b>I</b>' has been affected as a result of '<b>eating</b>', this sentence is not grammatical. It should be changed to '<span class="pinyin">Wǒ chībǎo le.</span> <span class="hanzi">我吃饱了</span>' I'm full.</p></li>
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