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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>3. LOCATIONAL</title>
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  <div class="grisleger">
    3. LOCATIONAL
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  <div class="gris">
    + <span class="pinyin">zài</span> <span class="hanzi">在</span> + noun 2 (+ <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>)
Stating where the object ends up or where it is anticipated to end up as a result of the action.
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  <ol>
    <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-3.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā bǎ yǔsǎn wàngzài túshūguǎn le.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">他把雨伞忘在图书馆了。</span><br/> He left the/his umbrella in the library.</li>

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    <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-3.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Bǎ dāozi fàngzài yòubiān.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">把刀子放在右边。</span> <br/>Put the knife on the right. 

    <p>Notē: The post-verbal locative phrase indicates where an object ends up as a result of an action. When a post-verbal locative phrase is used, the sentence usually uses the b[a construction. How does a pre-verbal locative phrase differ from a post-verbal one in its role in the sentence? Compare the following two sentences.</p></li>
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  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-3A.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Bǎ dāozi fàngzài yòubian.</span> <br/><span class="hanzi">把刀子放在右边。</span> <br/>Put the knife on the right.</li>

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    <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-3B.mp" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Qǐng zài yòubiān fàng yì bǎ dāozi.</span><br/> <span class="hanzi">请在右边放一把刀子。</span><br/> Please put a knife on the right. 

    <p>In Sentence 3A, the object, <span class="pinyin">dāozi</span> <span class="hanzi">刀子</span>, is one that both the speaker and the listener know, not a generic reference. It may be right in front of them. In Sentence 3B, it is not important which knife is to be placed on the right. The speaker only wants a knife to be placed on the right. The knife may not be in the presence of the speaker and the listener. The example shows that <b>‘the more prominent the referent of the direct object is the more appropriate it is to use a bǎ noun phrase to refer to it '</b>(Charles Li 1981: 484). Below are examples of common errors associated with the locative phrase in this type of <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">把</span> sentences.</p></li>

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    <li><span class="pinyin"><del>Tā wàng yǔsǎn zài túshūguǎn le.</del></span> (Ungrammatical)<br/> <span class="hanzi"><del>他忘雨伞在图书馆了。</del></span> <br/>(He left his umbrella in the library.) <br/><br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      The locative phrase must follow the verb immediately and the sentence must use the <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">把</span> construction. The correct sentence is:
    </div></li>

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    <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-3D.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā bǎ yǔsǎn wàngzài túshūguǎn le.</span> (Grammatical)<br/> <span class="hanzi">他把雨伞忘在图书馆了。</span> <br/>(He left his umbrella in the library.)</li>

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    <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-3E.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ bǎ zuòyè xiězài zhǐ shàng.</span> (Grammatical)<br/> <span class="hanzi">我把作业写在纸上。</span> <br/>I wrote my homework on the paper.<br/><br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      The post-verbal locative phrase indicates where an object ends up as a result of the action.
    </div></li>

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    <li><span class="pinyin"><del>Wǒ bǎ zuòyè xiězài sùshè.</del></span> (Ungrammatical)<br/> <span class="hanzi"><del>我把作业写在宿舍</del></span> <br/>(I wrote my homework in the dormitory.)<br/><br/> 

    <div class="gris">
      The locative phrase may not refer to the location of the subject or other elements. The correct sentence should be:
    </div></li>

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    <li><audio src="../Audio/ba-IV-3G.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ zài sùshè xiě zuòyè.</span> (Grammatical)<br/> <span class="hanzi">我在宿舍写作业。</span> <br/>I wrote my homework in the dormitory.</li>
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