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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>VIII. The structure of bǎ 把 sentences</title>
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  <div class="grisleger">
    VIII. The structure of <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">把</span> sentences
  </div>

  <br/>

  <table class="table3" style="width:90%;font-size: 65%;margin: auto;border-color: blue;border-size: 2px;">
    <tbody>
      <tr style="text-align: center;font-size: 140%;">
        <td>
          ➀
        </td>

        <td>
          ➁
        </td>

        <td>
          ➂
        </td>

        <td>
          ➃
        </td>

        <td>
          ➄
        </td>

        <td>
          ➅
        </td>

        <td>
          ➆
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr style="background-color: blue;color: white; font-size: 120%;">
        <th>
          subject
        </th>

        <th>
          adverbial
        </th>

        <th>
          <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span><br/>
        </th>

        <th>
          object
        </th>

        <th>
          adverbial
        </th>

        <th>
          predicate
        </th>

        <th>
          consequential elements
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr style="text-align: center;">
        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">李明</span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">Lǐ Míng</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">已经</span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">yǐjīng</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">把</span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">你的书</span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">nǐ-de shū</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">都</span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">dōu</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">拿</span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">ná</span><br/>
        </td>

        <td>
          <span class="hanzi">走了。</span><br/>

          <span class="pinyin">zǒu le.</span><br/>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr style="background-color: blue;color: white; font-size: 120%;">
        <th>
          subject
        </th>

        <th>
          adverbial
        </th>

        <th>
          bǎ
        </th>

        <th>
          object
        </th>

        <th>
          adverbial
        </th>

        <th>
          predicate
        </th>

        <th>
          consequential elements
        </th>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td class="al">
          ↑<br/>

          <ol>
            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">n./n.&#160;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">eq.;&#160;</span></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">p. pron.</span></li>
          </ol>
        </td>

        <td class="al">
          ↑<br/>

          <ol>
            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">adv.;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">adj. + (</span><span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 65%;">de</span><span style="font-size: 65%;"> </span><span class="hanzi">地</span><span style="font-size: 65%;">);&#160;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">v. phrase;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">cover + n.</span><br/></li>
          </ol>
        </td>

        <td class="al">
          ↑<br/>

          coverb<br/>
        </td>

        <td class="al">
          ↑<br/>

          <ol>
            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">n./n. eq.;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">p. pron.</span><br/></li>
          </ol>
        </td>

        <td class="al">
          ↑<br/>

          <ol>
            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">adv.;&#160;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">adj. +(</span><span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 65%;">de</span><span style="font-size: 65%;"> </span><span class="hanzi">地</span><span style="font-size: 65%;">);&#160;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">v. phrase;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">cover+n.</span><br/></li>
          </ol>
        </td>

        <td class="al">
          ↑<br/>

          <ol>
            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">v.;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">stative v.</span><br/></li>
          </ol>
        </td>

        <td class="al">
          ↑<br/>

          <ol>
            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">complement+(locative phrase/N 2) + (</span><span class="hanzi"><span class="pinyin">le</span>了</span><span style="font-size: 65%;">);</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">reduplicated verb or its variations;&#160;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 65%;">le</span><span style="font-size: 65%;"> </span><span class="hanzi">了</span><span style="font-size: 65%;">;</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">noun 2 + </span><span class="pinyin" style="font-size: 65%;">le</span><span style="font-size: 65%;"> </span><span class="hanzi">了</span><br/></li>

            <li><span style="font-size: 65%;">zhe&#160;</span><span class="hanzi">着</span><br/></li>
          </ol>
        </td>
      </tr>

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        <td colspan="7"></td>
      </tr>

      <tr>
        <td colspan="7">
          <span style="font-size: 200%">Notes:</span> 

          <ol>
            <li>n. = noun</li>

            <li>n. eq. = noun equivalent, etc.</li>

            <li>p.pron. = personal pronoun, such as <span class="pinyin">wǒ</span> <span class="hanzi">我</span>, <span class="pinyin">nǐ</span> <span class="hanzi">你</span>, <span class="pinyin">tā</span> <span class="hanzi">他</span>, <span class="pinyin">wǒmen</span> <span class="hanzi">我们</span>, <span class="pinyin">nǐmen</span> <span class="hanzi">你们</span>, <span class="pinyin">tāmen</span> <span class="hanzi">他们</span>, etc.</li>

            <li>adv. = adverb, such as&#160;<span class="pinyin">mǎshàng</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">马上</span>,&#160;<span class="pinyin">méi</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">没</span>,&#160;<span class="pinyin">bù</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">不</span>, etc.</li>

            <li>adj. = adjective. <br/>(e.g. <br/><span class="pinyin">kuài bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">快把</span> + noun + verb + ...;<br/> <span class="pinyin">bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">把</span> + noun + <span class="pinyin">zǎodiǎnr</span> <span class="hanzi">早点儿</span> + verb + ...;<br/> <span class="pinyin">rènzhēn de bǎ</span> <span class="hanzi">认真地把</span> + noun + verb + ...; <br/><span class="pinyin">bǎ</span>&#160;<span class="hanzi">把&#160;</span>+ noun + <span class="pinyin">rènzhēn de</span> <span class="hanzi">认真地</span> + verb + ...;<br/> etc.)</li>

            <li>v. = verb</li>

            <li>N 2 = Noun 2 (usually the indirect object)</li>
          </ol>
        </td>
      </tr>

      <tr style="background-color: blue;color: white">
        <td colspan="7"></td>
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