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- <title>Table of contents</title>
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- <nav epub:type="toc" id="toc"><h1>Table of Contents</h1>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0100.xhtml">Measure Words For Nouns</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0110.xhtml">What are measure words?</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0120.xhtml">When and where to use measure words</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0120.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_1">1. Between a numeral and a noun.</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0120.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_2">2. Between a demonstrative pronoun (zhè 这 this, nà 那 that) and a noun, when the numeral is yī 一 (one), yī 一 (one) has been omitted. Note that when used before numeral and measure words zhè 这 and nà 那 are often pronounced as zhèi 这 and nèi 那 in spoken Chinese.</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0120.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_3">3. Between the interrogative pronoun nǎ/něi 哪 (which) and a noun, when the numeral is one but has been omitted.</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0120.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_4">4. Between the interrogative pronoun jǐ 几 (how many; how much) and a noun. Jǐ 几 is used for numbers smaller than ten. Jǐ 几 also means 'several', 'a few' 'some' or 'a couple of ' and it requires a measure word before the noun. If the number is expected to be greater than ten, the interrogative pronoun should be duō shǎo 多少 (how many; how much), which does not take a measure word.</a></li>
- </ol></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0130.xhtml">Creating an emphasis on each individual</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0140.xhtml">Measure words substituting for nouns to avoid repetition</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0150.xhtml">Some commonly used measure words</a></li>
- </ol></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0200.xhtml">Change of State le 了</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0210.xhtml">What is the change-of-state le 了?</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0220.xhtml">Change-of-state le 了 used in sentences with different predicates</a>
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- <li><a href="../Text/Section0221.xhtml">le 了 at the end of a sentence with a noun predicate.</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0222.xhtml">le 了 at the end of a sentence with a stative verb predicate.</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0223.xhtml">le 了 at the end of a sentence with a verb predicate.</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0224.xhtml">le 了 at the end of a sentence with a verb predicate in which an optative or modal verb occur before the main verb.</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0225.xhtml">le 了 at the end of a shì 是 sentence.</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0226.xhtml">le 了 at the end of a yǒu 有 sentence.</a></li>
- </ol></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0230.xhtml">The change-of-state le 了 in negative sentences</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0240.xhtml">Question forms</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0250.xhtml">Change vs. no change</a></li>
- </ol></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0300.xhtml">Perfective – le 了 Vs Particle le 了</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0310.xhtml">Aspect versus tense</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0320.xhtml">Perfective aspect particle le 了 (or verb-suffix le 了)</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0330.xhtml">Modal particle le 了(or sentence-end le 了)</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0331.xhtml">III. Modal particle le 了 (or sentence-end le 了)</a>
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- <li><a href="../Text/Section0336.xhtml">Sentence Pattern:</a></li>
- </ol></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0360.xhtml">Where verb suffix –le 了 is not used</a></li>
- </ol></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0400.xhtml">'Shì ... de' (是 ... 的) Construction</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0410.xhtml#sigil_toc_id_5">The answers to these questions would be:</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0430.xhtml">Circumstantial elements that the 'shì 是 ... de 的 ' construction highlights.</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0433.xhtml">Focusing on manner (in what manner the action took place)</a></li>
- </ol></li>
- </ol></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0500.xhtml">Directional Complements</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0510.xhtml">Simple Directional Complements</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0520.xhtml">Compound Directional Complements</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0530.xhtml">Extended meaning of some directional complements</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0600.xhtml">The Complement Of Degree</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0700.xhtml">The Complement Of Result</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0800.xhtml">The Potential Complement</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0900.xhtml">Bǎ “把” Construction</a></li>
- <li><a href="../Text/Section0940.xhtml">The elements after the predicate verb</a></li>
- </ol></nav>
- <nav epub:type="landmarks" id="landmarks" hidden=""><h1>Landmarks</h1>
- <ol>
- <li><a epub:type="toc" href="#toc">Table of Contents</a></li>
- <li><a epub:type="cover" href="../Text/cover.xhtml">Couverture</a></li>
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