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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <title>&lt;span class="pinyin"&gt;le &lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="hanzi"&gt;了 &lt;/span&gt; at the end of a sentence with a stative verb predicate.</title>
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  <h3><span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzist">了</span> at the end of a sentence with a stative verb predicate.</h3>

  <ol>
    <li><audio src="../Audio/le-II-B1.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tiānqi <span class="vert">lěng</span> <span class="rouge">le</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">天气冷了。</span><br/> The weather has become cold.</li>

    <br/>

    <div class="gris">
      This sentence implies that it wasn't cold before and that the weather has changed. Compare it with the following sentence which does not have the change-of-state <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>.
    </div>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/le-II-B1.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tiānqi hěn <span class="vert">lěng</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">天气很冷。</span><br/> The weather is cold.</li>

    <br/>

    <div class="gris">
      This sentence simply states the fact that the weather is cold.
    </div>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/le-II-B2.1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Dōngxi dōu <span class="vert">guì</span> <span class="rouge">le</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">东西都贵了。</span><br/> Things have all become expensive.</li>

    <br/>

    <div class="gris">
      This sentence implies that things were not expensive before and that the price has changed. Compare it with the following sentence which does not have the change-of-state <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi"> 了</span>.
    </div>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/le-II-B2.2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Dōngxi dōu hěn <span class="vert">guì</span>.</span><br/><span class="hanzi">东西都很贵。</span><br/> Things are all expensive.</li>

    <br/>

    <div class="gris">
      This sentence simply states the fact that things are expensive.
    </div>

    <p>In a sentence that has a stative verb as the predicate, the adverb <span class="pinyin">hěn</span> <span class="hanzi">很 </span>is used unless a comparison is to be made. If the sentence takes a change-of-state <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>, <span class="pinyin">hěn</span><span class="hanzi"> 很</span> is eliminated. This is because a change in situation often implies a comparison with the past. For example, when one says that the weather has become cold, it is a result of comparison with an earlier situation.</p>
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    <ol>
      <li><span class="pinyin"><del>Tiānqi hěn <span class="vert">lěng</span> <span class="rouge">le</span>.</del></span>(ungrammatical)<br/><span class="hanzi">天气很冷了。</span><br/> (The weather has become cold.)</li>

      <br/>

      <li><span class="pinyin">Tiānqi <span class="vert">lěng</span> <span class="rouge">le</span>.</span>(grammatical)<br/><span class="hanzi">天气冷了。</span><br/> The weather has become cold.</li>
    </ol>
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