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Chinese-comet.cls.yale.edu-grammar


			
				
					
						
						
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  <div class="grisleger">
    IX. '<span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> ... <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> ' construction and sentences with <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span>
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  <p>Because the '<span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> ... <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> ' construction is associated with completed actions and because English uses the past tense to report things that have taken place, students often make errors by focusing on completion when circumstantial elements about an action actually demand the attention. It is important to remember that the '<span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> ... <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> ' construction does not deal with the completion, duration or frequency of an action or with the quantity of the object. It focuses on when, where and how an action took place. It is used to seek or provide information about the time, place, company, conveyance, manner, tools, purpose, agent and recipient of the action. The following dialogue shows when to use <span class="pinyin">le</span> <span class="hanzi">了</span> and when to use the '<span class="pinyin">shì</span> <span class="hanzi">是</span> ... <span class="pinyin">de</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> ' construction.</p>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-1.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐ mǎi shū le ma? </span>(Focus: accomplished fact) <br/> <span class="hanzi">你买书了吗？</span> <br/> Have you bought the books yet?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-2.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Mǎi le.</span> (Focus: accomplished fact)<br/> <span class="hanzi"> 买了。</span> <br/> Yes, I have.</li>
  </ol>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-3.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">(<span class="rouge">Shì)</span> <span class="vert">shénme shíhou</span> mǎi <span class="rouge">de</span> </span> (Focus: time) <br/> <span class="hanzi"> (是) 什么时候买的？</span> <br/><span class="vert">When</span> did you buy them?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-4.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="rouge">(Shì)</span> <span class="vert">zuótiān</span> mǎi <span style="font-size: 22px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(173, 216, 230);">de</span><span class="pinyin">. </span>(Focus: time) <br/></span> <span class="hanzi"> (是) 昨天买的。</span> <br/> I bought them <span class="vert">yesterday</span>.</li>
  </ol>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-5.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="rouge">(Shì)</span> <span class="vert">zài nǎr</span> mǎi <span class="rouge">de</span> </span> (Focus: place) <br/> <span class="hanzi"> (是) 在哪儿买的？</span> <br/><span class="vert">Where</span> did you buy them?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-6.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="rouge">(Shì)</span> <span class="vert">zài Xīnhuá</span> shūdiàn mǎi <span class="rouge">de</span> </span> (Focus: place) <br/> <span class="hanzi">(是) 在新华书店买的。</span> <br/> I bought them at the <span class="vert">Xinhua Bookstore</span>.</li>
  </ol>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-7.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Xīnhuá shūdiàn hěn yuǎn, nǐ <span class="rouge">shì</span> <span class="vert">zěnme</span> qù <span class="rouge">de</span> </span> (Focus: conveyance) <br/> <span class="hanzi">新华书店很远，你是怎么去的？</span> <br/> Xinhua Bookstore is far, <span class="vert">how</span> did you go there?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-8.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="rouge">(Shì) </span><span class="vert">zuò chē</span> qù <span class="rouge">de</span> </span> (Focus: conveyance) <br/> <span class="hanzi">(是) 坐车去的。</span> <br/> I went <span class="vert">by bus</span>.</li>
  </ol>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-9.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zuò-le <span class="vert">duō cháng shíjiān</span>?</span> (Focus: the duration of the action) <br/><span class="hanzi">坐了多长时间？</span> <br/><span class="vert">How long</span> was the ride?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-10.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Zuò-le <span class="vert">yí ge zhōngtóu</span> de chē.</span> (Focus: the duration of the action) <br/> <span class="hanzi">坐了一个钟头的车.</span> <br/> The ride was <span class="vert">an hour long</span>.</li>
  </ol>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-11.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐ <span class="rouge">(Shì)</span> <span class="vert">yí gè rén</span> qù <span class="rouge">de</span> ma?</span> (Focus: company) <br/> <span class="hanzi">你(是) 一个人去的吗？</span> <br/> Did you go there <span class="vert">alone</span>?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-12.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Bú <span class="rouge">shì</span>&#160;(<span class="vert">yí gè rén</span> qù <span class="rouge">de)</span>.</span> (Focus: company) <br/> <span class="hanzi">不是(一个人去的)。</span> <br/> No, I didn't go there <span class="vert">alone</span>.</li>
  </ol>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-13.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin"><span class="rouge">(Shì)</span> <span class="vert">gēn shéi</span> qù <span class="rouge">de</span> </span> (Focus: company) <br/> <span class="hanzi">(是)跟谁去的？</span> <br/><span class="vert">With whom</span> did you go there?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-14.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">(Shì) <span class="vert">gēn Wáng Tóng</span> qù de.</span> (Focus: company) <br/> <span class="hanzi">(是) 跟王同去的。</span> <br/> I went <span class="vert">with Tong Wang</span>.</li>
  </ol>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-15.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā yě mǎi shū le ma?</span> (Focus: accomplished fact) <br/> <span class="hanzi">他也买书了吗？</span> <br/> Did he buy books, too?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-16.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Tā méi mǎi.</span> (Focus: accomplished fact) <br/> <span class="hanzi">他没买。</span> <br/> No, he didn't.</li>
  </ol>

  <ol type="A">
    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-17.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Nǐ mǎi-le <span class="vert">jǐ běn</span> </span> (Focus: quantity of the object) <br/> <span class="hanzi">你买了几本？</span> <br/><span class="vert">How many</span> did you buy?</li>

    <br/>

    <li><audio src="../Audio/shide-IX-18.mp3" controls="controls"></audio>

<br/><span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎi-le <span class="vert">wǔ běn</span> </span> (Focus: quantity of the object) <br/> <span class="hanzi">我买了五本。</span> <br/> I bought <span class="vert">five</span>.</li>
  </ol>
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