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- <title>I. What are resultative complements?</title>
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- I. What are resultative complements?
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- <p>In English, the verb '<b>hear</b> ' has two semantic units, the sensory action '<b>to listen</b> ' and perception as a result of the action. The verb '<b>see</b> ' also has two semantic units with one indicating the action of looking and the other indicating perception as the result.</p>
- <p>Only a small number of Chinese verbs resemble such English verbs as '<b>hear</b> ' and '<b>see</b> '. Most Chinese verbs resemble the verb '<b>listen</b> ' and '<b>look</b> ' in English, which only indicate the sensory actions without a built-in semantic unit indicating result.</p>
- <p>Therefore, there are no such verbs as '<b>hear</b> ', '<b>see</b> ', '<b>find</b> ', '<b>kill</b> ' and so on in Chinese. For example, the verb <span class="pinyin">tīng</span> <span class="hanzi">听</span> (to listen) and <span class="pinyin">kàn</span> <span class="hanzi">看</span> (look) do not indicate whether the sound has been heard or whether the object has been seen. Not having a built-in semantic unit indicating result, Chinese verbs have to take an additional resultative unit to report whether the action is successful.</p>
- <p>This unit is what we call the resultative complement. It is placed immediately after the verb to indicate the result of the action. In the case of <span class="pinyin">tīng</span> <span class="hanzi">听</span> (to listen) and <span class="pinyin">kàn</span> <span class="hanzi">看</span> (to look), the verb <span class="pinyin">jiàn</span> 见 (to perceive) must be used as a complement to form combos that indicate perception, such as <span class="pinyin">tīngjiàn</span> <span class="hanzi">听见</span> for '<b>hear</b> ' and <span class="pinyin">kànjiàn</span> <span class="hanzi">看见</span> for '<b>see</b> ' .</p>
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