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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    2. 

  2. <!DOCTYPE html>
    3. 

  3. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:epub=
    4. 

  4. "http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops">
    5. 

  5. <head>
    6. 

  6.   <meta name="generator" content=
    7. 

  7.   "HTML Tidy for HTML5 for Linux version 5.2.0" />
    8. 

  8.   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
    9. 

  9.   "text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    10. 

  10.   <title>Grammar database</title>
    11. 

  11.   <link rel="stylesheet" href="../Styles/main.css" />
    12. 

  12. </head>
    13. 

  13. <body>
    14. 

  14.   <h3><a name="Genitive的" id="Genitive的">The descriptive indicator
    15. 

  15.   <span class="hanzi">的</span> de</a> (5,6)</h3>
    16. 

  16.   <p><span class="english">The genitive particle</span>
    17. 

  17.   <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class="english">de</span>
    18. 

  18.   <span class="english">is used to describe nouns. The description
    19. 

  19.   of the noun is placed before</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span>
    20. 

  20.   <span class="english" style=
    21. 

  21.   "font-family:Arial; color:red">de</span> <span class="english">.
    22. 

  22.   In this construction the description can take the following
    23. 

  23.   forms.</span></p>
    24. 

  24.   <ol style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm" start="1" type=
    25. 

  25.   "1">
    26. 

  26.     <li style="line-height: 150%"><span class="english">The
    27. 

  27.     description can be a disyllabic phrase, formed by an adverb and
    28. 

  28.     an adjective, as in</span></li>
    29. 

  29.   </ol>
    30. 

  30.   <p><span class="hanzi">很</span> <span class="hanzi">好</span>
    31. 

  31.   <span> <span class="hanzi">的</span></span> <span class=
    32. 

  32.   "hanzi">书</span></p>
    33. 

  33.   <p><span class="english" style="font-family: Arial">hĕn hăo
    34. 

  34.   <span>de</span> shū</span> <span class="english"><a href=
    35. 

  35.   "Sound/hen%20hao%20de%20shu.wav"><img src=
    36. 

  36.   "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
    37. 

  37.   <p><span class="english">a very good book</span> <span class=
    38. 

  38.   "english">.</span></p>
    39. 

  39.   <p><span class="english">However, a monosyllabic adjective such
    40. 

  40.   as</span> <span class="hanzi">好</span> <span class=
    41. 

  41.   "english">hăo</span> <span class="english">good</span>
    42. 

  42.   <span class="english">or</span> <span class="hanzi">忙</span>
    43. 

  43.   <span class="english">máng</span> <span class=
    44. 

  44.   "english">busy</span> <span class="english">is often placed
    45. 

  45.   before a noun without</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span>
    46. 

  46.   <span class="english">de</span> <span class="english">to form an
    47. 

  47.   adjective-noun phrase, as in</span> <span class="hanzi">好书</span>
    48. 

  48.   <span class="english">hăoshū</span> <span class="english">( a)
    49. 

  49.   good book,</span> <span class="hanzi">好老师</span> <span class=
    50. 

  50.   "english">hăo lăoshī</span> <span class="english">( a) good
    51. 

  51.   teacher,</span> <span class="hanzi">忙人</span> <span class=
    52. 

  52.   "english">máng rén</span> <span class="english">( a) busy
    53. 

  53.   person.</span></p>
    54. 

  54.   <ol style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm" start="1" type=
    55. 

  55.   "1">
    56. 

  56.     <li style="line-height: 150%"><span class="english">The
    57. 

  57.     description can also be a phrase or a sentence. It is like an
    58. 

  58.     inverted relative clause sentence in English. For
    59. 

  59.     instance,</span></li>
    60. 

  60.   </ol>
    61. 

  61.   <p><span class="hanzi">小</span> <span class="hanzi">王</span>
    62. 

  62.   <span class="hanzi">买</span> <span> <span class=
    63. 

  63.   "hanzi">的</span></span> <span class="hanzi">书</span> <span class=
    64. 

  64.   "hanzi">很</span> <span class="hanzi">好</span></p>
    65. 

  65.   <p><span class="english" style="font-family: Arial">Xiăo Wáng măi
    66. 

  66.   <span>de</span> shū hěn hăo</span> <span class="english"><a href=
    67. 

  67.   "Sound/xiao%20wang%20mai%20de%20shu.wav"><img src=
    68. 

  68.   "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
    69. 

  69.   <p><span class="english">The book that Xiao Wang has bought is
    70. 

  70.   very good .</span></p>
    71. 

  71.   <table>
    72. 

  72.     <tbody>
    73. 

  73.       <tr>
    74. 

  74.         <td width="295" valign="top" style=
    75. 

  75.         "width: 221.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    76. 

  76.           <p><span class="english">Subject</span></p>
    77. 

  77.         </td>
    78. 

  78.         <td width="295" valign="top" style=
    79. 

  79.         "width: 221.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    80. 

  80.           <p><span class="english">Predicate</span></p>
    81. 

  81.         </td>
    82. 

  82.       </tr>
    83. 

  83.       <tr>
    84. 

  84.         <td width="295" valign="top" style=
    85. 

  85.         "width: 221.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    86. 

  86.           <p><span class="hanzi">书</span> <span class=
    87. 

  87.           "english">(noun)</span></p>
    88. 

  88.           <p><span class="english">↑</span></p>
    89. 

  89.         </td>
    90. 

  90.         <td width="295" valign="top" style=
    91. 

  91.         "width: 221.4pt; border: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    92. 

  92.           <p><span class="english">←</span> <span class=
    93. 

  93.           "hanzi">好</span> <span class="english">(stative
    94. 

  94.           verb)</span></p>
    95. 

  95.           <p><span class="english">↑</span></p>
    96. 

  96.         </td>
    97. 

  97.       </tr>
    98. 

  98.       <tr>
    99. 

  99.         <td width="295" valign="top" style=
    100. 

  100.         "width: 221.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    101. 

  101.           <p><span class="hanzi">买</span> <span class=
    102. 

  102.           "english">(verb)</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span>
    103. 

  103.           <span class="english">(genitive particle)</span></p>
    104. 

  104.         </td>
    105. 

  105.         <td width="295" valign="top" style=
    106. 

  106.         "width: 221.4pt; border: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    107. 

  107.           <p><span class="hanzi">很</span> <span class=
    108. 

  108.           "english">(adverbial intensifier)</span></p>
    109. 

  109.         </td>
    110. 

  110.       </tr>
    111. 

  111.       <tr>
    112. 

  112.         <td width="295" valign="top" style=
    113. 

  113.         "width: 221.4pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    114. 

  114.           <p><span class="english">↑</span></p>
    115. 

  115.         </td>
    116. 

  116.         <td width="295" valign="top" style=
    117. 

  117.         "width: 221.4pt; border: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; padding-bottom: 0cm">
    118. 

  118.         </td>
    119. 

  119.       </tr>
    120. 

  120.     </tbody>
    121. 

  121.   </table>
    122. 

  122.   <p><span class="hanzi">小王</span> <span class="english">(proper
    123. 

  123.   noun)</span></p>
    124. 

  124.   <p><span class="english">The main sentence is</span> <span class=
    125. 

  125.   "hanzi">书很好</span> <span class="english">shū hěn hăo,</span>
    126. 

  126.   <span class="english">which means the book is very good, and the
    127. 

  127.   description for the book is: that Xiao Wang bought</span>
    128. 

  128.   <span class="hanzi">小王买</span> <span class="english">Xiăo Wáng
    129. 

  129.   măi,</span> <span class="english">which</span> <span class=
    130. 

  130.   "english">is placed before the particle</span> <span class=
    131. 

  131.   "hanzi">的</span> <span class="english" style=
    132. 

  132.   "font-family:Arial; color:red">de</span> <span class=
    133. 

  133.   "english">.</span></p>
    134. 

  134.   <p><span class="english">However,</span> <span class=
    135. 

  135.   "hanzi">的</span> <span class="english">de</span> <span class=
    136. 

  136.   "english">is not used in the following situations.</span></p>
    137. 

  137.   <h3 style="line-height:150%"><span style=
    138. 

  138.   "font-weight: 400"><a name="Noun qualifiers">↓</a></span></h3>
    139. 

  139.   <ol style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm" start="1" type=
    140. 

  140.   "1">
    141. 

  141.     <li style="line-height: 150%"><span class="english">When a noun
    142. 

  142.     qualifier is used to describe another noun forming a combined
    143. 

  143.     noun,</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class=
    144. 

  144.     "english">de</span> <span class="english">is not used. A noun
    145. 

  145.     that is described should be placed after its description. For
    146. 

  146.     instance</span> <span class="hanzi">中国地图</span> <span class=
    147. 

  147.     "english">zhōngguó dìtú</span> <span class="english">( a) map
    148. 

  148.     of</span> <span class="english">China</span> <span class=
    149. 

  149.     "english">.</span> <span class="hanzi">中国</span> <span class=
    150. 

  150.     "english">zhōngguó</span> <span class="english">China qualifies
    151. 

  151.     the</span> <span class="hanzi">地图</span> <span class=
    152. 

  152.     "english">dìtú</span> <span class="english">map, so China
    153. 

  153.     should be placed before map. In</span> <span class=
    154. 

  154.     "hanzi">汉语书</span> <span class="english">hànyǚ shū</span>
    155. 

  155.     <span class="english">( a) book in Chinese,</span> <span class=
    156. 

  156.     "hanzi">汉语</span> <span class="english">hànyŭ</span>
    157. 

  157.     <span class="english">in Chinese</span> <span class="english">(
    158. 

  158.     language) qualifies the book, so</span> <span class=
    159. 

  159.     "hanzi">汉语</span> <span class="english">hànyŭ</span>
    160. 

  160.     <span class="english">in Chinese</span> <span class="english">(
    161. 

  161.     language) should be placed before</span> <span class=
    162. 

  162.     "hanzi">书</span> <span class="english">shū</span> <span class=
    163. 

  163.     "english">the book</span> <span class="english">.</span></li>
    164. 

  164.     <li style="line-height: 150%"><span class="english">As
    165. 

  165.     mentioned above,</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span>
    166. 

  166.     <span class="english">de</span> <span class="english">is not
    167. 

  167.     used when a monosyllabic adjective is followed by a
    168. 

  168.     monosyllabic noun to form another noun such as</span>
    169. 

  169.     <span class="hanzi">忙人</span> <span class=
    170. 

  170.     "english">mángrén</span> <span class="english">a busy person
    171. 

  171.     and</span> <span class="hanzi">好书</span> <span class=
    172. 

  172.     "english">hăoshū</span> <span class="english">a good
    173. 

  173.     book.</span></li>
    174. 

  174.   </ol>
    175. 

  175.   <p><span class="english">Sometimes the nouns after</span>
    176. 

  176.   <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class="english" style=
    177. 

  177.   "font-family:Arial; color:red">de</span> <span class=
    178. 

  178.   "english">are left out to avoid repetition, but the omitted
    179. 

  179.   noun(s) should be obvious to the listener.</span> <span class=
    180. 

  180.   "english" line-height:="">For instance,</span></p>
    181. 

  181.   <p><span class="hanzi" style="font-family:SimSun">他的</span>
    182. 

  182.   <span class="hanzi" style="font-family:SimSun">书</span>
    183. 

  183.   <span class="hanzi" style="font-family:SimSun">很</span>
    184. 

  184.   <span class="hanzi" style="font-family:SimSun">多</span>
    185. 

  185.   <span class="english">,</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    186. 

  186.   "font-family:SimSun">中</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    187. 

  187.   "font-family:SimSun">文</span> <span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    188. 

  188.   "font-family:SimSun">的</span></span> <span class=
    189. 

  189.   "english">,</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    190. 

  190.   "font-family:SimSun">英</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    191. 

  191.   "font-family:SimSun">文</span> <span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    192. 

  192.   "font-family:SimSun">的</span></span> <span class=
    193. 

  193.   "english">,</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    194. 

  194.   "font-family:SimSun">都</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    195. 

  195.   "font-family:SimSun">有</span></p>
    196. 

  196.   <p><span class="english" style=
    197. 

  197.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">tā de shū hěn duō
    198. 

  198.   Zhōngwén <span>de</span></span> <span class="english">,</span>
    199. 

  199.   <span class="english" style=
    200. 

  200.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">Yīngwén
    201. 

  201.   <span>de</span></span> <span class="english">,</span>
    202. 

  202.   <span class="english" style=
    203. 

  203.   "line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial">dōu yŏu</span>
    204. 

  204.   <span class="english"><a href=
    205. 

  205.   "Sound/ta%20de%20shu%20hen%20duo.wav"><img src=
    206. 

  206.   "../Misc/BD18249_.WMF" /></a></span></p>
    207. 

  207.   <p><span class="english">He has many books; Chinese ones, English
    208. 

  208.   ones, he has them all</span> <span class="english">.</span></p>
    209. 

  209.   <p><span class="english">It is clear to a listener that the
    210. 

  210.   omitted noun in the sentence is</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    211. 

  211.   "font-family:SimSun">书</span> <span class="english">shū</span>
    212. 

  212.   <span class="english">books.</span></p>
    213. 

  213.   <p><span class="english">Tips</span> <span class=
    214. 

  214.   "english">:</span></p>
    215. 

  215.   <ol style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0cm" start="1" type=
    216. 

  216.   "1">
    217. 

  217.     <li style="line-height: 150%"><span class="english">When you
    218. 

  218.     read a Chinese sentence you should always look for any nouns
    219. 

  219.     after</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class=
    220. 

  220.     "english">de</span> <span class="english">particles before
    221. 

  221.     translating into English.</span></li>
    222. 

  222.     <li style="line-height: 150%"><span class="english">The
    223. 

  223.     particle</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class=
    224. 

  224.     "english">de</span> <span class="english">is used to describe
    225. 

  225.     nouns and</span> <span class="hanzi">的</span> <span class=
    226. 

  226.     "english">de</span> <span class="english">should be followed by
    227. 

  227.     a noun.</span></li>
    228. 

  228.   </ol>
    229. 

  229.   <p><span class="english"><a href="DeQuestions.html" style=
    230. 

  230.   "text-decoration: none">If you have any questions about this
    231. 

  231.   explanation, please click here.</a></span></p>
    232. 

  232.   <p><span class="english"><a style="text-decoration: none" title=
    233. 

  233.   "These must be submitted before your lessons." target="_blank"
    234. 

  234.   href="Lessons%2014-16.htm#15%20De">Assignments</a></span></p>
    235. 

  235.   <table id="AutoNumber1" style=
    236. 

  236.   "font-family: -webkit-standard; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); border-collapse: collapse; border-width: 0px;">
    237. 

  237.     <tbody>
    238. 

  238.       <tr>
    239. 

  239.         <td>
    240. 

  240.           Translate the sentences into Chinese. (15, de)
    241. 

  241.           <ol>
    242. 

  242.             <li><font face="Times New Roman">Very good
    243. 

  243.             paper</font></li>
    244. 

  244.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    245. 

  245.             "Times New Roman">A polite doctor</font></font></li>
    246. 

  246.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    247. 

  247.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Very
    248. 

  248.             large cars</font></font></font></li>
    249. 

  249.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    250. 

  250.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    251. 

  251.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Very
    252. 

  252.             small maps</font></font></font></font></li>
    253. 

  253.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    254. 

  254.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    255. 

  255.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    256. 

  256.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">A book
    257. 

  257.             for my brother</font></font></font></font></font></li>
    258. 

  258.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    259. 

  259.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    260. 

  260.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    261. 

  261.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    262. 

  262.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Pictures
    263. 

  263.             for the
    264. 

  264.             children</font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    265. 

  265.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    266. 

  266.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    267. 

  267.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    268. 

  268.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    269. 

  269.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    270. 

  270.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">A map
    271. 

  271.             for the
    272. 

  272.             students</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    273. 

  273.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    274. 

  274.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    275. 

  275.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    276. 

  276.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    277. 

  277.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    278. 

  278.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    279. 

  279.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Tea
    280. 

  280.             drinkers</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    281. 

  281.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    282. 

  282.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    283. 

  283.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    284. 

  284.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    285. 

  285.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    286. 

  286.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    287. 

  287.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    288. 

  288.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Letter
    289. 

  289.             writers</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    290. 

  290.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    291. 

  291.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    292. 

  292.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    293. 

  293.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    294. 

  294.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    295. 

  295.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    296. 

  296.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    297. 

  297.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    298. 

  298.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    299. 

  299.             "Times New Roman">Readers</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    300. 

  300.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    301. 

  301.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    302. 

  302.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    303. 

  303.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    304. 

  304.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    305. 

  305.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    306. 

  306.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    307. 

  307.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    308. 

  308.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    309. 

  309.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Those
    310. 

  310.             learning
    311. 

  311.             Chinese</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    312. 

  312.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    313. 

  313.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    314. 

  314.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    315. 

  315.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    316. 

  316.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    317. 

  317.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    318. 

  318.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    319. 

  319.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    320. 

  320.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    321. 

  321.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    322. 

  322.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">The
    323. 

  323.             recommender</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    324. 

  324.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    325. 

  325.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    326. 

  326.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    327. 

  327.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    328. 

  328.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    329. 

  329.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    330. 

  330.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    331. 

  331.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    332. 

  332.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    333. 

  333.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    334. 

  334.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    335. 

  335.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Book
    336. 

  336.             buyers</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    337. 

  337.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    338. 

  338.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    339. 

  339.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    340. 

  340.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    341. 

  341.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    342. 

  342.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    343. 

  343.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    344. 

  344.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    345. 

  345.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    346. 

  346.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    347. 

  347.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    348. 

  348.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    349. 

  349.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">The
    350. 

  350.             characters that students
    351. 

  351.             know</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    352. 

  352.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    353. 

  353.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    354. 

  354.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    355. 

  355.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    356. 

  356.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    357. 

  357.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    358. 

  358.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    359. 

  359.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    360. 

  360.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    361. 

  361.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    362. 

  362.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    363. 

  363.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    364. 

  364.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    365. 

  365.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">The book
    366. 

  366.             that my teacher
    367. 

  367.             wrote</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    368. 

  368.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    369. 

  369.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    370. 

  370.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    371. 

  371.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    372. 

  372.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    373. 

  373.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    374. 

  374.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    375. 

  375.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    376. 

  376.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    377. 

  377.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    378. 

  378.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    379. 

  379.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    380. 

  380.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    381. 

  381.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    382. 

  382.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">The
    383. 

  383.             letter that she is
    384. 

  384.             reading</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    385. 

  385.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    386. 

  386.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    387. 

  387.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    388. 

  388.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    389. 

  389.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    390. 

  390.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    391. 

  391.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    392. 

  392.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    393. 

  393.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    394. 

  394.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    395. 

  395.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    396. 

  396.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    397. 

  397.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    398. 

  398.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    399. 

  399.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    400. 

  400.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">A
    401. 

  401.             magazine that my mother
    402. 

  402.             bought</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    403. 

  403.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    404. 

  404.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    405. 

  405.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    406. 

  406.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    407. 

  407.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    408. 

  408.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    409. 

  409.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    410. 

  410.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    411. 

  411.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    412. 

  412.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    413. 

  413.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    414. 

  414.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    415. 

  415.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    416. 

  416.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    417. 

  417.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    418. 

  418.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    419. 

  419.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">This is
    420. 

  420.             a book that I bought for my
    421. 

  421.             brother.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    422. 

  422.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    423. 

  423.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    424. 

  424.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    425. 

  425.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    426. 

  426.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    427. 

  427.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    428. 

  428.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    429. 

  429.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    430. 

  430.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    431. 

  431.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    432. 

  432.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    433. 

  433.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    434. 

  434.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    435. 

  435.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    436. 

  436.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    437. 

  437.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    438. 

  438.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    439. 

  439.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">I know
    440. 

  440.             the Chinese characters that are in this
    441. 

  441.             book.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    442. 

  442.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    443. 

  443.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    444. 

  444.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    445. 

  445.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    446. 

  446.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    447. 

  447.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    448. 

  448.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    449. 

  449.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    450. 

  450.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    451. 

  451.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    452. 

  452.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    453. 

  453.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    454. 

  454.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    455. 

  455.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    456. 

  456.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    457. 

  457.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    458. 

  458.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    459. 

  459.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    460. 

  460.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">I am
    461. 

  461.             using the dictionary that has Chinese
    462. 

  462.             characters.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    463. 

  463.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    464. 

  464.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    465. 

  465.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    466. 

  466.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    467. 

  467.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    468. 

  468.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    469. 

  469.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    470. 

  470.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    471. 

  471.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    472. 

  472.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    473. 

  473.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    474. 

  474.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    475. 

  475.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    476. 

  476.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    477. 

  477.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    478. 

  478.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    479. 

  479.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    480. 

  480.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    481. 

  481.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    482. 

  482.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">I have
    483. 

  483.             the book that my teacher
    484. 

  484.             recommended.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    485. 

  485.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    486. 

  486.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    487. 

  487.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    488. 

  488.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    489. 

  489.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    490. 

  490.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    491. 

  491.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    492. 

  492.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    493. 

  493.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    494. 

  494.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    495. 

  495.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    496. 

  496.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    497. 

  497.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    498. 

  498.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    499. 

  499.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    500. 

  500.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    501. 

  501.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    502. 

  502.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    503. 

  503.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    504. 

  504.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    505. 

  505.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">They are
    506. 

  506.             all looking at the dictionary that I
    507. 

  507.             bought.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    508. 

  508.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    509. 

  509.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    510. 

  510.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    511. 

  511.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    512. 

  512.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    513. 

  513.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    514. 

  514.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    515. 

  515.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    516. 

  516.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    517. 

  517.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    518. 

  518.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    519. 

  519.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    520. 

  520.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    521. 

  521.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    522. 

  522.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    523. 

  523.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    524. 

  524.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    525. 

  525.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    526. 

  526.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    527. 

  527.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    528. 

  528.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    529. 

  529.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">This is
    530. 

  530.             a person whom we all
    531. 

  531.             know.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    532. 

  532.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    533. 

  533.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    534. 

  534.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    535. 

  535.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    536. 

  536.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    537. 

  537.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    538. 

  538.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    539. 

  539.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    540. 

  540.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    541. 

  541.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    542. 

  542.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    543. 

  543.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    544. 

  544.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    545. 

  545.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    546. 

  546.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    547. 

  547.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    548. 

  548.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    549. 

  549.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    550. 

  550.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    551. 

  551.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    552. 

  552.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    553. 

  553.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    554. 

  554.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Please
    555. 

  555.             have a look at this character that I have
    556. 

  556.             written.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    557. 

  557.             <li><font face="Times New Roman"><font face=
    558. 

  558.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    559. 

  559.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    560. 

  560.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    561. 

  561.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    562. 

  562.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    563. 

  563.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    564. 

  564.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    565. 

  565.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    566. 

  566.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    567. 

  567.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    568. 

  568.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    569. 

  569.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    570. 

  570.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    571. 

  571.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    572. 

  572.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    573. 

  573.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    574. 

  574.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    575. 

  575.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    576. 

  576.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    577. 

  577.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    578. 

  578.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    579. 

  579.             "Times New Roman"><font face=
    580. 

  580.             "Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">We are
    581. 

  581.             all non-smokers in this student
    582. 

  582.             hostel.</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li>
    583. 

  583.           </ol>
    584. 

  584.         </td>
    585. 

  585.       </tr>
    586. 

  586.     </tbody>
    587. 

  587.   </table>
    588. 

  588.   <p><span lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US">Frequently asked
    589. 

  589.   questions</span></p>
    590. 

  590.   <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span lang="en-us" xml:lang=
    591. 

  591.   "en-us">Click on the following links to view the
    592. 

  592.   answers</span></p>
    593. 

  593.   <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
    594. 

  594.   href=
    595. 

  595.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#1.%20When%20can%20I%20use%20the%20%E7%9A%84construction">
    596. 

  596.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">1. When can I use the</span>
    597. 

  597.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    598. 

  598.   "FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TSC UKai M TT">的</span>
    599. 

  599.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">construction?</span></a></p>
    600. 

  600.   <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
    601. 

  601.   href=
    602. 

  602.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#2.%20How%20do%20I%20form%20the%20%E7%9A%84%20construction">
    603. 

  603.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">2. How do I form the</span>
    604. 

  604.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    605. 

  605.   "FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TSC UKai M TT">的</span>
    606. 

  606.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">construction?</span></a></p>
    607. 

  607.   <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
    608. 

  608.   href=
    609. 

  609.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#3.%20Do%20I%20always%20have%20to%20put%20measure%20words%20at%20the%20beginning%20of%20the%20%E7%9A%84construction,%20as%20in%20the%20above%20sentence">
    610. 

  610.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">3. Do I always have to put measure
    611. 

  611.   words at the beginning of the</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    612. 

  612.   "FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TSC UKai M TT">的</span>
    613. 

  613.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">construction, as in the above
    614. 

  614.   sentence?</span></a></p>
    615. 

  615.   <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
    616. 

  616.   href=
    617. 

  617.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#4.%20Is%20%E7%9A%84%20always%20necessary%20when%20I%20use%20an%20adjective%20to%20describe%20a%20noun">
    618. 

  618.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">4. Do I always have to use</span>
    619. 

  619.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    620. 

  620.   "FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TSC UKai M TT">的</span>
    621. 

  621.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">when I use an adjective to describe
    622. 

  622.   a noun?</span></a></p>
    623. 

  623.   <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
    624. 

  624.   href=
    625. 

  625.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#5.%20When%20can%20a%20possessive%20%E7%9A%84%20be%20omitted">
    626. 

  626.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">5. When can a possessive</span>
    627. 

  627.   <span class="hanzi" style=
    628. 

  628.   "FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TSC UKai M TT">的</span>
    629. 

  629.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">be omitted?</span></a></p>
    630. 

  630.   <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"
    631. 

  631.   href=
    632. 

  632.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#6.%20It%20seems%20that%20the%20nouns%20after%20%E7%9A%84%20are%20the%20most%20important%20nouns%20in%20sentences,%20but%20that%20in%20some%20sentences%20there%20are%20no%20nouns%20after%20%E7%9A%84.%20Why%20is%20that">
    633. 

  633.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">6. It seems that the nouns
    634. 

  634.   after</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    635. 

  635.   "FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TSC UKai M TT">的</span>
    636. 

  636.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">are the most important nouns in
    637. 

  637.   sentences, but that in some sentences there are no nouns
    638. 

  638.   after</span> <span class="hanzi" style=
    639. 

  639.   "FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: TSC UKai M TT">的</span>
    640. 

  640.   <span style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt">. Why is that?</span></a></p>
    641. 

  641.   <h1 style="TEXT-ALIGN: left" align="left"><span lang="EN-US"
    642. 

  642.   style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman" xml:lang=
    643. 

  643.   "EN-US"><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none" href=
    644. 

  644.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#7.%20Hints%20and%20conclusion">
    645. 

  645.   7. Hints and conclusion.</a></span></h1>
    646. 

  646.   <p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt"><span style=
    647. 

  647.   "FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none" href=
    648. 

  648.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#8.%20Four%20don%E2%80%99ts%20for%20describing%20nouns">
    649. 

  649.   8. Four "don’ts" for describing nouns.</a></span></p>
    650. 

  650.   <p><span class="english"><a style="text-decoration: none" title=
    651. 

  651.   "For more advanced students." href=
    652. 

  652.   "http://www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk/Grammar%20exercises/DE1.htm#Exercises">
    653. 

  653.   Click here for more exercises</a></span></p>
    654. 

  654. </body>
    655. 

  655. </html>
    656.